Apple iPhone_iOS3.1_User_Guide
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iPhone
User Guide
For iPhone OS 3.1 SoftwareContents
9 Chapter 1: Getting Started
9 Viewing the User Guide on iPhone
9 What You Need
10 Activating iPhone
10 Installing the SIM Card
10 Registering iPhone
11 Setting Up iPhone Using VoiceOver
11 Syncing
16 Mail, Contacts, and Calendar Accounts
18 Installing Configuration Profiles
19 Disconnecting iPhone from Your Computer
20 Chapter 2: Basics
20 iPhone at a Glance
23 Home Screen
26 Buttons
28 Touchscreen
31 Onscreen Keyboard
37 Searching
38 Voice Control
39 Stereo Headset
40 Connecting to the Internet
43 Battery
45 Security Features
46 Cleaning iPhone
46 Restarting and Resetting iPhone
47 Chapter 3: Phone
47 Phone Calls
51 Visual Voicemail
54 Contacts
54 Favorites
54 Ringtones and the Ring/Silent Switch
255 Bluetooth Devices
56 International Calls
59 Chapter 4: Mail
59 Setting Up Email Accounts
59 Sending Email
60 Checking and Reading Email
64 Searching Email
64 Organizing Email
66 Chapter 5: Safari
66 Viewing Webpages
69 Searching the Web
69 Bookmarks
70 Web Clips
71 Chapter 6: iPod
71 Getting Music, Video, and More
73 Music and Other Audio
81 Videos
84 Setting a Sleep Timer
85 Changing the Browse Buttons
86 Chapter 7: Messages
86 Sending and Receiving Messages
88 Sharing Photos and Videos
88 Sending Voice Memos
89 Editing Conversations
89 Using Contact Information and Links
90 Managing Previews and Alerts
91 Chapter 8: Calendar
91 About Calendar
91 Syncing Calendars
92 Viewing Your Calendar
93 Searching Calendars
93 Subscribing to and Sharing Calendars
94 Adding Calendar Events to iPhone
95 Responding to Meeting Invitations
96 Alerts
97 Chapter 9: Photos
97 About Photos
97 Syncing Photos and Videos with Your Computer
Contents 398 Viewing Photos and Videos
99 Slideshows
100 Sharing Photos and Videos
102 Assigning a Photo to a Contact
102 Wallpaper
103 Chapter 10: Camera
103 About Camera
104 Taking Photos and Recording Videos
105 Viewing and Sharing Photos and Videos
105 Trimming Videos
106 Uploading Photos and Videos to Your Computer
107 Chapter 11: YouTube
107 Finding and Viewing Videos
108 Controlling Video Playback
109 Managing Videos
109 Getting More Information
110 Using YouTube Account Features
111 Changing the Browse Buttons
111 Sending Videos to YouTube
112 Chapter 12: Stocks
112 Viewing Stock Quotes
113 Getting More Information
114 Chapter 13: Maps
114 Finding and Viewing Locations
119 Bookmarking Locations
119 Getting Directions
121 Showing Traffic Conditions
121 Finding and Contacting Businesses
123 Chapter 14: Weather
123 Viewing Weather Summaries
124 Getting More Weather Information
125 Chapter 15: Voice Memos
125 Recording Voice Memos
126 Listening to Voice Memos
127 Managing Voice Memos
128 Trimming Voice Memos
128 Sharing Voice Memos
129 Syncing Voice Memos
4 Contents130 Chapter 16: Notes
130 Writing and Reading Notes
131 Searching Notes
131 Emailing Notes
131 Syncing Notes
132 Chapter 17: Clock
132 World Clocks
133 Alarms
133 Stopwatch
134 Timer
135 Chapter 18: Calculator
135 Using the Calculator
135 Standard Memory Functions
136 Scientific Calculator Keys
138 Chapter 19: Settings
138 Airplane Mode
139 Wi-Fi
140 VPN
140 Notifications
141 Carrier
141 Sounds and the Ring/Silent Switch
142 Brightness
142 Wallpaper
142 General
150 Mail, Contacts, Calendars
153 Phone
156 Safari
157 Messages
158 iPod
159 Photos
159 Store
159 Nike + iPod
160 Chapter 20: iTunes Store
160 About the iTunes Store
161 Finding Music, Videos, and More
162 Purchasing Ringtones
162 Purchasing Music or Audiobooks
163 Purchasing or Renting Videos
164 Streaming or Downloading Podcasts
Contents 5165 Checking Download Status
165 Syncing Purchased Content
165 Changing the Browse Buttons
166 Viewing Account Information
166 Verifying Purchases
167 Chapter 21: App Store
167 About the App Store
167 Browsing and Searching
169 Info Screen
170 Downloading Applications
171 Deleting Applications
171 Writing Reviews
172 Updating Applications
172 Syncing Purchased Applications
173 Chapter 22: Compass
173 Getting Compass Readings
174 Compass and Maps
176 Chapter 23: Contacts
176 About Contacts
176 Adding Contacts
177 Searching Contacts
178 Managing Contacts on iPhone
180 Chapter 24: Nike + iPod
180 Activating Nike + iPod
181 Additional Nike + iPod Settings
182 Chapter 25: Accessibility
182 Accessibility Features
183 VoiceOver
189 Zoom
190 White on Black
190 Mono Audio
190 Speak Auto-text
191 Triple-click Home
191 Closed Captioning and Other Helpful Features
193 Appendix A: Troubleshooting
193 Apple iPhone Support Site
193 General
195 iTunes and Syncing
6 Contents196 Phone and Voicemail
197 Safari, Text, Mail, and Contacts
200 Sound, Music, and Video
201 iTunes Stores
201 Removing the SIM Card
202 Backing Up iPhone
204 Updating and Restoring iPhone Software
205 Appendix B: Other Resources
205 Safety, Software, and Service Information
206 Viewing the User Guide on iPhone
206 Disposal and Recycling Information
207 Apple and the Environment
208 Index
Contents 7Getting Started
1
· WARNING: To avoid injury, read all operating instructions in this guide and
safety information in the iPhone Important Product Information Guide at
www.apple.com/support/manuals/iphone before using iPhone.
Viewing the User Guide on iPhone
The iPhone User Guide, optimized for viewing on iPhone, is available at
help.apple.com/iphone.
View the guide on iPhone: In Safari, tap , then tap the iPhone User Guide bookmark.
Add an icon for the guide to the Home screen: When viewing the guide, tap , then
tap “Add to Home Screen.”
The iPhone User Guide is available in many languages.
View the guide in a different language: Tap “Change Language” at the bottom of the
screen on the main contents page, then choose the language you want.
What You Need
To use iPhone, you need:
• A wireless service plan with a carrier that provides iPhone service in your area
• A Mac or a PC with a USB 2.0 port and one of the following operating systems:
• Mac OS X version 10.4.11 or later; version 10.5.7 or later is required for syncing
Notes and for using iPhone as a modem
• Windows XP Home or Professional with Service Pack 3 or later
• Windows Vista Home Premium, Business, Enterprise, or Ultimate edition
• Display resolution on your computer set to 1024 x 768 or higher
• iTunes 8.2 or later, available at www.itunes.com/download (iTunes 9 or later required
for certain features)
• QuickTime 7.6.2 or later (for playing videos recorded by iPhone 3GS on your
computer)
9• An iTunes Store account (for purchases from the iTunes Store or App Store)
• An Internet connection for your computer (broadband recommended)
Activating iPhone
Before you can use any of iPhone’s features, you must activate iPhone by signing up
for a service plan with an iPhone service carrier in your area and registering iPhone
with the network.
Your iPhone may have been activated at the time of purchase. If it isn’t activated,
contact your iPhone retailer or cellular service provider.
For more information about iPhone, go to www.apple.com/iphone.
Installing the SIM Card
If your SIM card was not preinstalled, you must install the SIM card before you can use
iPhone.
SIM
card
SIM tray
SIM eject tool
Install the SIM card:
1 Insert the end of the SIM eject tool into the hole on the SIM tray.
Press firmly and push it straight in until the tray pops out. If you don’t have a SIM eject
tool, you can use the end of a paper clip.
2 Pull out the SIM tray and place the SIM card in the tray.
The angled corner of the SIM ensures that the card fits only the correct way in the tray.
3 With the tray aligned as shown, carefully replace the SIM tray containing the SIM card
in iPhone.
Registering iPhone
Registering iPhone with iTunes enables iTunes to identify your iPhone when it’s
connected to your computer and help you manage its contents. You can then sync
information with your computer and media from iTunes, and create backups of
iPhone’s contents and settings. You can create an iTunes Store account, or specify an
existing account, to enable purchases with iPhone. iTunes also records iPhone’s serial
number in the event you need it for service or in case of loss.
10 Chapter 1 Getting StartedRegister iPhone:
1 Download and install the latest version of iTunes from www.itunes.com/download.
2 Connect iPhone to a USB 2.0 port on your Mac or PC using the cable that came with
iPhone.
3 Follow the onscreen instructions in iTunes to register iPhone and sync iPhone with
your contacts, calendars, and bookmarks on your computer, and with music, video,
and other content from your iTunes library.
In the Set Up Your iPhone screen, select “Automatically sync contacts, calendars
and bookmarks” to configure those items to sync automatically when you connect
iPhone to your computer. You can also customize your sync settings in iTunes.
See the following section.
Setting Up iPhone Using VoiceOver
If you’re visually impaired, VoiceOver (available only on iPhone 3GS) can help you set
up iPhone without a sighted assistant. VoiceOver describes aloud what appears on
the screen, so you can use iPhone without seeing it. When you connect iPhone to
your computer, iTunes detects whether you’re using a compatible screen reader on
your computer, such as VoiceOver on a Mac or GW Micro Window-Eyes on a PC, and
automatically enables VoiceOver on iPhone. A sighted user can also enable VoiceOver
on iPhone for you, using Accessibility settings. See “Using VoiceOver” on page 187.
Note: VoiceOver isn’t available in all languages.
Syncing
With iPhone, you can have easy access to important information on your computer,
including your contacts, calendars, and even your browser bookmarks, as well as to
music, video, and other content in your iTunes library.
About Syncing
Syncing copies information and content between iPhone and your computer, keeping
it current and up-to-date, whether you make changes on iPhone or on your computer.
Chapter 1 Getting Started 11iTunes lets you specify the information and content on your computer that you want
to sync with iPhone. By default, iTunes syncs automatically with iPhone whenever you
connect iPhone to your computer.
You can also set up iPhone to sync your MobileMe and Microsoft Exchange accounts,
over the air. See “Mail, Contacts, and Calendar Accounts” on page 16.
Syncing with iTunes
You can set iTunes to sync any or all of the following:
• Contacts—names, phone numbers, addresses, email addresses, and more
• Calendars—appointments and events
• Email account settings
• Webpage bookmarks
• Notes (requires Mac OS X version 10.5.7 or later on a Mac, or Microsoft Outlook 2003
or 2007 on a PC)
• Ringtones
• Music and audiobooks
• Photos and videos (in your computer’s photo application or folder)
• iTunes U collections
• Podcasts
• Movies, TV shows, and music videos
• Applications downloaded from the iTunes Store
You can adjust sync settings whenever iPhone is connected to your computer.
Ringtones, music, audiobooks, podcasts, iTunes U collections, videos, and applications
can be synced from your iTunes library. If you don’t already have content in iTunes,
the iTunes Store (available in some countries) makes it easy to preview and download
content to iTunes. You can also add music to your iTunes library from your CDs. To
learn about iTunes and the iTunes Store, open iTunes and choose Help > iTunes Help.
Contacts, calendars, notes, and webpage bookmarks are synced with applications
on your computer, as described in the following section. Contacts and calendars are
synced both ways between your computer and iPhone. New entries or changes you
make on iPhone are synced to your computer, and vice versa. Notes and webpage
bookmarks are also synced both ways. Photos and videos (Mac only) can be synced
from an application or from a folder.
Email account settings are synced only from your computer’s email application to
iPhone. This allows you to customize your email accounts on iPhone without affecting
email account settings on your computer.
12 Chapter 1 Getting StartedNote: You can also set up email accounts directly on iPhone. See “Mail, Contacts, and
Calendar Accounts.”
Purchases you make on iPhone in the iTunes Store or the App Store are synced back
to your iTunes library. You can also purchase or download content and applications
directly from the iTunes Store on your computer, and then sync them to iPhone.
You can set iPhone to sync with only a portion of what’s on your computer.
For example, you might want to sync only a group of contacts from your address
book, or only unwatched video podcasts.
Important: You should be logged in to your own computer user account before
connecting iPhone.
Set up iTunes syncing:
1 Connect iPhone to your computer, and open iTunes (if it doesn’t open automatically).
2 In iTunes, select iPhone in the sidebar.
3 Configure the sync settings in each of the settings panes.
See the following section for descriptions of the panes.
4 Click Apply in the lower-right corner of the screen.
By default, “Automatically sync when this iPhone is connected” is selected.
iPhone Settings Panes in iTunes
The following sections provide an overview of each of the iPhone settings panes.
For more information, open iTunes and choose Help > iTunes Help.
Summary Pane
Select “Automatically sync when this iPhone is connected” to have iTunes sync iPhone
automatically whenever you connect it to your computer. Deselect this option if you
want to sync only by clicking the Sync button in iTunes. For more information about
preventing automatic syncing, see “Preventing Automatic Syncing” on page 15.
Chapter 1 Getting Started 13Select “Sync only checked songs and videos” if you want iTunes to skip unchecked
items in your iTunes library when syncing.
Select “Manually manage music and videos” to turn off automatic syncing in the Music
and Video settings panes. See “Manually Managing Content” on page 72.
Select “Encrypt iPhone backup” if you want to encrypt the information stored on your
computer when iTunes makes a backup. Encrypted backups are indicated by a padlock
icon, and a password is required to restore the information to iPhone. See “Backing Up
iPhone” on page 202.
Click Configure Universal Access to turn on Accessibility features (available only on
iPhone 3GS). See Chapter 25,“Accessibility,” on page 182.
Info Pane
The Info pane lets you configure the sync settings for your contacts, calendars, email
accounts, and web browser.
• Contacts
Sync contacts with applications such as Mac OS X Address Book, Yahoo! Address
Book, and Google Contacts on a Mac, or with Yahoo! Address Book, Google Contacts,
Windows Address Book (Outlook Express), Windows Vista Contacts, or Microsoft
Outlook 2003 or 2007 on a PC. (On a Mac, you can sync contacts with multiple
applications. On a PC, you can sync contacts with only one application at a time.)
If you sync with Yahoo! Address Book, you only need to click Configure to enter your
new login information when you change your Yahoo! ID or password after you’ve
set up syncing.
• Calendars
Sync calendars from applications such as iCal on a Mac, or from Microsoft Outlook
2003 or 2007 on a PC. (On a Mac, you can sync calendars with multiple applications.
On a PC, you can sync calendars with only one application at a time.)
• Mail Accounts
Sync email account settings from Mail on a Mac, and from Microsoft Outlook 2003
or 2007 or Outlook Express on a PC. Account settings are transferred only from your
computer to iPhone. Changes you make to an email account on iPhone don’t affect
the account on your computer.
Note: The password for your Yahoo! email account isn’t saved on your computer,
so it can’t be synced and must be entered on iPhone. In Settings, choose “Mail,
Contacts, Calendars,” tap your Yahoo! account, and enter the password.
• Web Browser
You can sync bookmarks on iPhone with Safari on a Mac, or with Safari or Microsoft
Internet Explorer on a PC.
14 Chapter 1 Getting Started• Notes
Sync notes in the Notes application on iPhone with notes in Mail on a Mac or with
Microsoft Outlook 2003 or 2007 on a PC. (On a Mac, you must have Mac OS version
10.5.7 or later installed to sync notes.)
• Advanced
These options let you replace the information on iPhone with the information on
your computer during the next sync.
Applications Pane
Use the Applications pane to specify which App Store applications to sync on
iPhone, or to arrange your Home screen (requires iTunes 9 or later). Any applications
downloaded directly to iPhone are automatically backed up to your iTunes library
when you sync. If you manually delete an application on iPhone, you can reinstall it
from this pane as long as it was previously synced.
Ringtones Pane
Use the Ringtones pane to select the ringtones you want to sync to iPhone.
Music, Movies, TV Shows, Podcasts, and iTunes U Panes
Use these panes to specify the media you want to sync. You can sync all music, movies,
TV shows, podcasts, and iTunes U collections, or select the content you want on
iPhone.
If you want to watch rented movies on iPhone, transfer them to iPhone using the
Movies pane in iTunes.
If there’s not enough room on iPhone for all the media you’ve specified, iTunes can
create a special playlist and set it to sync with iPhone.
Note: The iTunes U pane appears only in iTunes 9 or later. In earlier versions of iTunes,
iTunes U content appeared in the Podcasts pane.
Photos Pane
You can sync photos and videos (Mac only, iTunes 9 required) with iPhoto 4.0.3 or later,
or Aperture on a Mac; or with Adobe Photoshop Elements 3.0 or later on a PC. You can
also sync photos and videos in any folder on your computer that contains images.
Preventing Automatic Syncing
You can prevent iPhone from syncing automatically when you connect iPhone to a
computer other than the one you usually sync with.
Turn off automatic syncing for iPhone: Connect iPhone to your computer. In iTunes,
select iPhone in the sidebar, then click the Summary tab. Deselect “Automatically sync
when this iPhone is connected.” You can still sync by clicking the Sync button.
Chapter 1 Getting Started 15Prevent automatic syncing for all iPhones and iPods: In iTunes choose iTunes >
Preferences (on a Mac) or Edit > Preferences (on a PC), click Devices, and select “Disable
automatic syncing for all iPhones and iPods.”
If this checkbox is selected, iPhone won’t sync automatically, even if “Automatically
sync when this iPhone is connected” is selected in the Summary pane.
Prevent automatic syncing one time, without changing settings: Open iTunes,
connect iPhone to your computer, then press and hold Command-Option (on a Mac)
or Shift-Control (on a PC) until you see iPhone appear in the sidebar.
Sync manually: In iTunes, select iPhone in the sidebar, then click Sync in the bottomright corner of the window. Or, if you’ve changed any sync settings, click Apply.
Mail, Contacts, and Calendar Accounts
iPhone works with MobileMe, Microsoft Exchange, and many of the most popular
email systems.
Setting Up Accounts
MobileMe and Microsoft Exchange provide not only email, but contact and calendar
information that can be synced to iPhone automatically, over the air. MobileMe can
also sync your bookmarks on iPhone with Safari on a Mac, or with Safari or Microsoft
Internet Explorer on a PC. You set up MobileMe, Exchange, and other email accounts
directly on iPhone.
iPhone uses the Exchange ActiveSync protocol to sync email, calendars, and contacts
with the following versions of Microsoft Exchange:
• Exchange Server 2003 Service Pack 2
• Exchange Server 2007 Service Pack 1
For many popular email accounts, iPhone automatically enters most of the settings
for you.
If you don’t already have an email account, you can get a free account online at
www.yahoo.com, www.google.com, or www.aol.com. You can also try MobileMe,
free for 60 days. Go to www.me.com.
Set up an account on iPhone:
1 From the iPhone Home screen, tap Settings.
2 Tap “Mail, Contacts, Calendars,” then tap Add Account.
3 Tap an account type:
• Microsoft Exchange
• MobileMe
• Google email
16 Chapter 1 Getting Started• Yahoo! Mail
• AOL
• Other
4 Enter your account information and tap Save.
Your service provider or system administrator can provide the account settings you
need.
Exchange accounts: Enter your complete email address, domain (optional), user name,
password, and a description. The description can be whatever you like.
iPhone supports Microsoft’s Autodiscovery service, which uses your user name and
password to determine the address of the Exchange server. If the server’s address
can’t be determined, you’re asked to enter it. (Enter the complete address in the Server
field.) Once you connect to the Exchange server, you may be prompted to change your
passcode to match the policies set on the server.
5 If you’re setting up a MobileMe or Microsoft Exchange account, tap the items you want
to use on iPhone—mail, contacts, calendars, and bookmarks (MobileMe only).
MobileMe includes the Find My iPhone feature that helps you locate iPhone if it’s been
lost or stolen, and remotely lock, set a passcode, or erase the information on iPhone if
necessary. See “Security Features” on page 45.
If you enable Find My iPhone for your MobileMe account, make sure that Push is
turned on for Fetch New Data. In Settings, choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars” > Fetch
New Data, and if Push is off, tap to turn it on.
For Exchange accounts, you can set how many days of email you want to sync to
iPhone.
If you already have contact or calendar information on iPhone when you enable the
account, iPhone asks what you want to do with existing information on iPhone. You
can choose to merge the existing data into your MobileMe or Exchange account. If
you don’t merge the data, you can choose to keep it in a separate account on iPhone
(the account is labeled “On My iPhone”), or delete it. Existing bookmarks can only be
merged or deleted.
Similarly, when you disable contacts or calendars in an MobileMe or Exchange account,
or if you delete an account, iPhone asks if you want to keep information or delete it.
You can add contacts using an LDAP account if your company or organization
supports it. See “Adding Contacts” on page 176.
You can subscribe to CalDAV or iCal (.ics) calendars. See “Subscribing to and Sharing
Calendars” on page 93.
Chapter 1 Getting Started 17Push Accounts
MobileMe, Microsoft Exchange, and Yahoo! Mail are known as “push” accounts. When
new information is available, such as the arrival of an email message, the information
is automatically delivered (pushed) to iPhone. (In contrast, “fetch” services require your
email software to periodically check with your service provider to see if new messages
have arrived, and then request them to be delivered.) MobileMe and Exchange also
use push to sync your contacts, calendars, and bookmarks (MobileMe only) if you have
those items selected in the account settings.
Synced information is transferred automatically over your wireless connection; you
don’t need to connect iPhone to your computer to sync. If you don’t have a cellular
connection, iPhone can receive pushed data over a Wi-Fi connection when iPhone is
awake (the screen is on, or iPhone is connected to your computer or a power adapter).
Installing Configuration Profiles
If you’re in an enterprise environment, you may be able to set up accounts and
other items on iPhone by installing a configuration profile. Configuration profiles
provide a way for system administrators to quickly set up your iPhone to work with
the information systems at your company, school, or organization. For example, a
configuration profile might set up your iPhone to access the Microsoft Exchange
servers at work, enabling iPhone to access your Exchange email, calendars, and
contacts.
Configuration profiles can configure multiple settings on iPhone all at once. For
example, a configuration profile can set up your Microsoft Exchange account, VPN
account, and certificates for secure access to your company’s network and information.
A configuration profile may turn on the Passcode Lock, requiring you to create and
enter a passcode for using iPhone.
Your system administrator may distribute configuration profiles by email or by putting
them on a secure webpage. A system administrator may also install a configuration
profile directly on iPhone for you.
Install a configuration profile:
1 Using iPhone, open the email message or download the configuration profile from the
website provided by your system administrator.
2 When the configuration profile opens, tap Install.
3 Enter passwords and other information as requested.
Important: You may be asked to verify that the configuration profile is trusted. If in
doubt, consult your system administrator before installing a configuration profile.
18 Chapter 1 Getting StartedSettings provided by a configuration profile cannot be altered. If you want to change
these settings, you must first remove the configuration profile or install an updated
configuration profile.
Remove a profile: In Settings, choose General > Profile, then select the configuration
profile and tap Remove.
Removing a configuration profile deletes the settings and all other information
installed by the configuration profile from iPhone.
Disconnecting iPhone from Your Computer
Unless iPhone is syncing with your computer, you can disconnect it from your
computer at any time.
When iPhone is syncing with your computer, iPhone shows “Sync in progress.” If you
disconnect iPhone before it finishes syncing, some data may not get transferred. When
iPhone finishes syncing, iTunes shows “iPhone sync is complete.”
Cancel a sync: Drag the slider on iPhone.
If you get a call during a sync, the sync is canceled automatically and you can unplug
iPhone to answer the call. Connect iPhone after the call to finish syncing.
Chapter 1 Getting Started 19Basics
2
iPhone at a Glance
Headset jack
Receiver
Ring/Silent
switch
Camera
(on back)
SIM card tray
Volume
buttons
Touchscreen
Speaker
Dock
connector
Home button
Sleep/Wake
button
Microphone
Application
icons
Status bar
Your Home screen may look different, depending on the model of iPhone you have
and whether you have rearranged its icons.
iPhone Included Accessories
Dock Connector to USB Cable
Stereo headset
USB power adapter SIM eject tool
20Item What you can do with it
Apple Earphones with Remote and Mic
(iPhone 3GS)
iPhone Stereo Headset (iPhone 3G)
Listen to music, videos, and phone calls. Use
the built-in microphone to talk. Press the center
button to answer or end a call. When listening
to iPod, press the button once to play or pause
a song, or press twice quickly to skip to the next
track. Use the + and – buttons to adjust the
volume (iPhone 3GS only). Press and hold the
center button to use Voice Control (iPhone 3GS
only).
Dock Connector to USB Cable Use the cable to connect iPhone to your
computer to sync and charge. The cable can be
used with the optional dock or plugged directly
into iPhone.
USB power adapter Connect the power adapter to iPhone using
the included cable, then plug it into a standard
power outlet to charge iPhone.
SIM eject tool Eject the SIM card.
Status Icons
The icons in the status bar at the top of the screen give information about iPhone:
Status icon What it means
Cell signal Shows whether you’re in range of the cellular
network and can make and receive calls. The
more bars, the stronger the signal. If there’s no
signal, the bars are replaced with “No service.”
Airplane mode Shows that airplane mode is on—you cannot use
the phone, access the Internet, or use Bluetooth®
devices. Non-wireless features are available.
See “Airplane Mode” on page 138.
3G Shows that your carrier’s 3G network is available,
and iPhone can connect to the Internet over 3G.
Available on iPhone 3G or later. See “How iPhone
Connects to the Internet” on page 40.
Chapter 2 Basics 21Status icon What it means
EDGE Shows that your carrier’s EDGE network is
available, and iPhone can connect to the Internet
over EDGE. See “How iPhone Connects to the
Internet” on page 40.
GPRS Shows that your carrier’s GPRS network is
available, and iPhone can connect to the Internet
over GPRS. See “How iPhone Connects to the
Internet” on page 40.
Wi-Fi Shows that iPhone is connected to the Internet
over a Wi-Fi network. The more bars, the stronger
the connection. See “Joining a Wi-Fi Network” on
page 41.
Network activity Shows over-the-air syncing or other network
activity. Some third-party applications may also
use this icon to indicate an active process.
Call Forwarding Shows that Call Forwarding is set up on iPhone.
See “Call Forwarding” on page 154.
VPN Shows that you’re connected to a network using
VPN. See “Network” on page 143.
Lock Shows that iPhone is locked. See “Sleep/Wake
Button” on page 26.
TTY Shows that iPhone is set to work with a TTY
machine. See “Using iPhone with a Teletype (TTY)
Machine” on page 154.
Play Shows that a song, audiobook, or podcast is
playing. See “Playing Songs” on page 73.
Alarm Shows that an alarm is set. See “Alarms” on
page 133.
Bluetooth Blue or white icon: Bluetooth is on and a device,
such as a headset or car kit, is connected. Gray
icon: Bluetooth is on, but no device is connected.
No icon: Bluetooth is turned off. See “Bluetooth
Devices” on page 55.
Battery Shows battery level or charging status.
See “Battery” on page 43.
22 Chapter 2 BasicsHome Screen
Press the Home button at any time to go to the Home screen, which contains your
iPhone applications. Tap any application icon to get started.
iPhone Applications
The following applications are included with iPhone:
Phone
Make calls, with quick access to recent callers, favorites, and all your contacts. Dial
manually using the numeric keypad. Or just use voice dialing. Visual voicemail presents
a list of your voicemail messages. Just tap to listen to any message you want, in any
order you want.
Mail
iPhone works with MobileMe, Microsoft Exchange, and many of the most popular email
systems—including Yahoo! Mail, Google email, and AOL—as well as most industrystandard POP3 and IMAP email systems. View PDFs and other attachments within Mail.
Save attached photos and graphics to your Camera Roll album.
Safari
Browse websites over a cellular data network or over Wi-Fi. Rotate iPhone sideways
for widescreen viewing. Double-tap to zoom in or out—Safari automatically fits the
webpage column to the iPhone screen for easy reading. Open multiple pages. Sync
bookmarks with Safari or Microsoft Internet Explorer on your computer. Add Safari web
clips to the Home screen for fast access to favorite websites. Save images from websites
to your Photo Library.
iPod
Listen to your songs, audiobooks, and podcasts. Create on-the-go playlists, or use
Genius to create playlists for you. Listen to Genius Mixes of songs from your library.
Watch movies and video podcasts in widescreen.
Messages
Send and receive SMS text messages. Conversations are saved in an iChat-like
presentation, so you can see a history of messages you’ve sent and received. Send
photos, video clips (iPhone 3GS only), contact information, and voice memos to MMS
devices (iPhone 3G or later).
Calendar
View and search your MobileMe, iCal, Microsoft Entourage, Microsoft Outlook, or
Microsoft Exchange calendars. Enter events on iPhone and they get synced back to the
calendar on your computer. Subscribe to calendars. Set alerts to remind you of events,
appointments, and deadlines.
Photos
View photos and videos (iPhone 3GS only) you’ve taken with iPhone, received in Mail or
MMS (iPhone 3GS only) messages, or synced from your computer’s photo application.
(Video syncing on Macs only.) View them in portrait or landscape orientation. Zoom
in on photos for a closer look. Watch a slideshow. Email photos and videos, send them
in MMS messages (iPhone 3G or later), or publish them to MobileMe galleries. Assign
images to contacts, and use them as wallpaper.
Chapter 2 Basics 23Camera
Take photos, and record videos (iPhone 3GS only). View them on iPhone, email them,
send them in an MMS message (iPhone 3G or later), or upload them to your computer.
Trim and save video clips. Upload videos directly to YouTube. Take a friend’s picture and
set iPhone to display it when that person calls you.
YouTube
Play videos from YouTube’s online collection. Search for any video, or browse featured,
most viewed, most recently updated, and top-rated videos. Set up and log in to your
YouTube account—then rate videos, sync your favorites, show subscriptions, and more.
Upload your own videos taken with iPhone.
Stocks
Watch your favorite stocks, updated automatically from the Internet. View company
news and current trading information, such as opening or average price, trading
volume, or market capitalization. Rotate iPhone to see detailed charts in landscape
orientation. Drag your finger along the charts to track price points, or use two fingers
to see a range between points.
Maps
See a street map, satellite view, or hybrid view of locations around the world. Zoom
in for a closer look, or check out the Google Street View. Find and track your current
(approximate) location. See which way you’re facing (iPhone 3GS only, using its builtin compass). Get detailed driving, public transit, or walking directions and see current
highway traffic conditions. Find businesses in the area and call with a single tap.
Weather
Get current weather conditions and a six-day forecast. Add your favorite cities for a
quick weather report anytime.
Voice
Memos
Record voice memos on iPhone. Play them back on iPhone or sync them with iTunes
to listen to voice memos on your computer. Attach voice memos to email or MMS
messages (iPhone 3G or later).
Notes
Jot notes on the go—reminders, grocery lists, brilliant ideas. Send them in email.
Sync notes to Mail or Microsoft Outlook or Outlook Express.
Clock
View the time in cities around the world—create clocks for your favorites. Set one or
more alarms. Use the stopwatch, or set a countdown timer.
24 Chapter 2 BasicsCalculator
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide. Rotate iPhone sideways to use expanded scientific
functions.
Settings
Set up accounts and adjust all iPhone settings in one convenient place. Set your own
volume limit for listening comfort. Set your ringtone, wallpaper, screen brightness,
and settings for network, phone, mail, web, music, video, photos, and more. Set autolock and a passcode for security. Restrict access to explicit iTunes content and certain
applications. Reset iPhone.
iTunes
Search the iTunes Store for music, ringtones, audiobooks, TV shows, music videos, and
movies. Browse, preview, purchase, and download new releases, top items, and more.
Rent movies to view on iPhone. Stream and download podcasts. Read reviews or write
your own reviews for your favorite store items.
App Store
Search the App Store for iPhone applications you can purchase or download using
your Wi-Fi or cellular data network connection. Read reviews or write your own reviews
for your favorite apps. Download and install the application on your Home screen.
Compass
Use the built-in digital compass (iPhone 3GS only) to determine your heading. Get your
current coordinates. Choose between true north and magnetic north.
Contacts
Get contact information synced from MobileMe, Mac OS X Address Book, Yahoo!
Address Book, Google Contacts, Windows Address Book (Outlook Express), Microsoft
Outlook, or Microsoft Exchange. Search, add, change, or delete contacts, which get
synced back to your computer.
Nike + iPod
Nike + iPod (which appears when you activate it in Settings) turns iPhone into a
workout companion. Track your pace, time, and distance from one workout to the next
and choose a song to power through your routine. (iPhone 3GS only. Requires select
Nike shoes and a Nike + iPod Sensor, sold separately.)
Note: Application functionality and availability may vary depending on the country or
region where you purchase and use iPhone. Contact your carrier for more information.
Customizing the Home Screen
You can customize the layout of icons on the Home screen—including the Dock
icons along the bottom of the screen. If you want, arrange them over multiple
Home screens.
Rearrange icons:
1 Touch and hold any Home screen icon until the icons begin to wiggle.
2 Arrange the icons by dragging them.
3 Press the Home button to save your arrangement.
You can also add links to your favorite webpages on the Home screen. See “Web
Clips” on page 70.
Chapter 2 Basics 25You can also rearrange the Home screen icons and the order of the screens (in iTunes
9 or later) when iPhone is connected to your computer. Select iPhone in the iTunes
sidebar, then click the Applications tab.
Create additional Home screens: While arranging icons, drag an icon to the right
edge of the screen until a new screen appears. You can flick to return to the original
screen and drag more icons to the new screen.
You can create up to 11 screens. The number of dots above the Dock shows the
number of screens you have, and indicates which screen you’re viewing.
Switch to another Home screen: Flick left or right, or tap to the left or right of the row
of dots.
Go to the first Home screen: Press the Home button.
Reset your Home screen to the default layout: Choose Settings > General > Reset
and tap Reset Home Screen Layout.
Buttons
A few simple buttons make it easy to turn iPhone on and off, adjust the volume, and
switch between ring and silent modes.
Sleep/Wake Button
When you’re not using iPhone but you still want to receive calls and text messages,
you can lock it.
When iPhone is locked, nothing happens if you touch the screen. You can still listen to
music and adjust the volume, and use the center button on your iPhone headset (or
the equivalent button on your Bluetooth headset) to play or pause a song, or answer
or end a call.
26 Chapter 2 BasicsBy default, if you don’t touch the screen for a minute, iPhone locks automatically.
Sleep/Wake
button
Lock iPhone Press the Sleep/Wake button.
Unlock iPhone Press the Home button or the Sleep/Wake
button, then drag the slider.
Turn iPhone completely off Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button for a few
seconds until the red slider appears, then drag
the slider. When iPhone is off, incoming calls go
straight to voicemail.
Turn iPhone on Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button until the
Apple logo appears.
For information about changing how long before iPhone locks, see “Auto-Lock” on
page 145. For information about setting iPhone to require a passcode to unlock it,
see “Passcode Lock” on page 145.
Volume Buttons
When you’re on the phone or listening to songs, movies, or other media, the buttons
on the side of iPhone adjust the audio volume. Otherwise, the buttons control the
volume for the ringer, alerts, and other sound effects.
WARNING: For important information about avoiding hearing loss, see the Important
Product Information Guide at www.apple.com/support/manuals/iphone.
To adjust the volume, use the buttons on the side of iPhone.
Volume
up
Volume
down
To set a volume limit for music and videos on iPhone, see “Music” on page 158.
Chapter 2 Basics 27Ring/Silent Switch
Flip the Ring/Silent switch to change between ring and silent modes.
Ring
Silent
When set to ring mode, iPhone plays all sounds. When set to silent mode, iPhone
doesn’t ring or play alerts and other sound effects.
Important: Clock alarms, audio-dependent applications such as iPod, and many games
still play sounds through the built-in speaker when iPhone is set to silent mode.
By default, when you get a call, iPhone vibrates whether it’s set to ring mode, or in
silent mode. If iPhone is set to ring mode, you can silence a call by pressing the Sleep/
Wake button or one of the volume buttons once. Press a second time to send the call
to voicemail.
For information about changing sound and vibrate settings, see “Sounds and the Ring/
Silent Switch” on page 141.
Touchscreen
The controls on the iPhone touchscreen change dynamically depending on the task
you’re performing.
Opening Applications
Open an application: Tap an icon.
28 Chapter 2 BasicsClose an application and return to the Home screen: Press the Home button
below the display.
Scrolling
Drag up or down to scroll. On some screens such as webpages, you can also scroll side
to side.
Dragging your finger to scroll won’t choose or activate anything on the screen.
Flick to scroll quickly.
You can wait for the scrolling to come to a stop, or touch anywhere on the screen to
stop it immediately. Touching the screen to stop scrolling won’t choose or activate
anything.
To quickly scroll to the top of a list, webpage, or email, just tap the status bar.
Chapter 2 Basics 29Lists
Some lists have an index along the right side, which helps you navigate quickly.
Find items in an indexed list: Tap a letter to jump to items starting with that letter.
Drag your finger along the index to scroll quickly through the list.
Index
Choose an item: Tap an item in the list.
Depending on the list, tapping an item can do different things—for example, it may
open a new list, play a song, open an email, or show someone’s contact information so
you can call that person.
Return to a previous list: Tap the back button in the upper-left corner.
Zooming In or Out
When viewing photos, webpages, email, or maps, you can zoom in and out. Pinch your
fingers together or apart. For photos and webpages, you can double-tap (tap twice
quickly) to zoom in, then double-tap again to zoom out. For maps, double-tap to zoom
in and tap once with two fingers to zoom out.
30 Chapter 2 BasicsViewing in Landscape
Many iPhone applications let you view the screen in either portrait or landscape
orientation. Rotate iPhone and the display rotates too, adjusting automatically to fit
the new screen orientation.
You may prefer landscape for viewing webpages in Safari, or when entering text, for
example. Webpages automatically scale to the wider screen in landscape, making the
text and images larger. Similarly, the onscreen keyboard is larger in landscape, which
may help increase your typing speed and accuracy.
The following applications support both portrait and landscape orientation:
• Mail
• Safari
• Messages
• Notes
• Contacts
• Stocks
• iPod
• Photos
• Camera
• Calculator
Movies viewed in iPod and YouTube appear only in landscape orientation. Street views
in Maps also appear in landscape.
Onscreen Keyboard
Use the onscreen keyboard to enter text, such as contact information, text messages,
and web addresses.
Chapter 2 Basics 31Typing
Depending on the application you’re using, the intelligent keyboard may automatically
suggest corrections as you type to help prevent mistyped words.
Enter text:
1 Tap a text field, such as in a note or new contact, to bring up the keyboard.
2 Tap keys on the keyboard.
Start by typing with just your index finger. As you get more proficient, you can type
more quickly using two thumbs.
As you type, each letter appears above your thumb or finger. If you touch the wrong
key, you can slide your finger to the correct key. The letter isn’t entered until you
release your finger from the key.
Type uppercase Tap the Shift key before tapping a letter. Or
touch and hold the Shift key, then slide to a letter.
Quickly type a period and space Double-tap the space bar. (You can turn
this feature on or off in Settings > General >
Keyboard.)
Turn caps lock on Double-tap the Shift key. The Shift key turns
blue, and all letters you type are uppercase. Tap
the Shift key again to turn caps lock off. (You can
turn this feature on or off in Settings > General >
Keyboard.)
Show numbers, punctuation, or symbols Tap the Number key. Tap the Symbol key
to see additional punctuation and symbols.
Type letters or symbols that aren’t on the
keyboard
Touch and hold the related letter or symbol, then
slide to choose a variation.
32 Chapter 2 BasicsDictionary
For many languages, iPhone has dictionaries to help you type. The appropriate
dictionary is activated automatically when you select a supported keyboard.
For a list of supported languages, see www.apple.com/iphone/specs.html.
iPhone uses the active dictionary to suggest corrections or complete the word you’re
typing. You don’t need to interrupt your typing to accept the suggested word.
Suggested
word
Accept or reject dictionary suggestions:
m To reject the suggested word, finish typing the word as you want it, then tap the “x” to
dismiss the suggestion before typing anything else. Each time you reject a suggestion
for the same word, iPhone becomes more likely to accept your word.
m To use the suggested word, type a space, punctuation mark, or return character.
Turn Auto-Correction on or off: Choose General > Keyboard and turn Auto-Correction
on or off. Auto-Correction is on by default.
Note: If you’re entering Chinese or Japanese, tap one of the suggested alternatives.
Editing
An onscreen magnifying glass helps you position the insertion point for typing and
editing text. You can select text to cut, copy, and paste.
Chapter 2 Basics 33Position the insertion point: Touch and hold to bring up the magnifying glass,
then drag to position the insertion point.
Select text: Tap the insertion point to display the selection buttons. Tap Select to
select the adjacent word or tap Select All to select all text. When you’re typing, you can
also double-tap to select a word. In read-only documents, such as webpages, or email
or text messages you’ve received, touch and hold to select a word.
Drag the grab points to select more or less text.
Cut or copy text: Select text, then tap Cut or Copy.
Paste text: Tap the insertion point and tap Paste. The last text that you cut or copied is
inserted. Or select text and tap Paste to replace the text.
Undo the last edit: Shake iPhone and tap Undo.
34 Chapter 2 BasicsInternational Keyboards
iPhone provides keyboards that allow you to enter text in many different languages,
including languages that read from right to left. For a complete list of supported
keyboards, go to www.apple.com/iphone/specs.html.
Turn international keyboards on or off:
1 In Settings, choose General > International > Keyboards.
2 Turn on the keyboards you want. Languages with more than one keyboard, such as
Japanese and Chinese, indicate the number of keyboards available. Tap to choose a
keyboard for that language.
Switch keyboards if more than one keyboard is
turned on
Tap to switch keyboards. When you tap
the symbol, the name of the newly activated
keyboard appears briefly.
Type letters, numbers, or symbols that aren’t on
the keyboard
Touch and hold the related letter, number, or
symbol, then slide to choose a variation. On the
Hebrew and Thai keyboards, for example, you can
choose native numbers by touching and holding
the related Arabic number.
Enter Japanese Kana Use the Kana keypad to select syllables. For more
syllable options, tap the arrow key and select
another syllable or word from the window.
Enter Japanese QWERTY Use the QWERTY keyboard to input code for
Japanese syllables. As you type, suggested
syllables appear. Tap the syllable to choose it.
Enter Emoji picture characters Use the Emoji keyboard. Available only on
iPhones purchased and used in Japan.
Enter Korean Use the 2-Set Korean keyboard to type Hangul
letters. To type double consonants or compound
vowels, touch and hold the letter, then slide to
choose the double letter.
Enter Simplified or Traditional Chinese Pinyin Use the QWERTY keyboard to enter Pinyin for
Chinese characters. As you type, suggested
Chinese characters appear. Tap a character to
choose it, or continue entering Pinyin to see
more character options.
Chapter 2 Basics 35Enter Traditional Chinese Zhuyin Use the keyboard to enter Zhuyin letters. As you
type, suggested Chinese characters appear. Tap
a character to choose it, or continue entering
Zhuyin to see more character options. After you
type an initial letter, the keyboard changes to
show more letters.
Enter handwritten Simplified or Traditional
Chinese
Use the touchpad to enter Chinese characters
with your finger. As you write character strokes,
iPhone recognizes them and shows matching
characters in a list, with the closest match at the
top. When you choose a character, its related
characters appear in the list as additional choices.
You can get some complex characters by
entering two or more component characters.
For example, enter ? (fish), then ? (bristle), to
get ? (partial name of Hong Kong International
Airport), which appears in the character list with
an arrow next to it. Tap the character to replace
the characters you entered.
When Simplified or Traditional Chinese handwriting formats are turned on, you can
enter Chinese characters with your finger, as shown:
Touchpad
36 Chapter 2 BasicsSearching
You can search many applications on iPhone, including Mail, Calendar, iPod, Notes,
and Contacts. You can search an individual application, or search all the applications at
once using Spotlight.
Go to Spotlight: From the main page of the Home screen, flick left to right.
If you’re on the main Home screen page, you can press the Home button to go to
Spotlight. From the Spotlight page, press the Home button to return to the main
Home screen page. You can also set iPhone to go to Spotlight when you double-click
the Home button. See “Home” on page 147.
Search iPhone: On the Spotlight page, enter text in the Search field. Search results
appear automatically as you type. Tap Search to dismiss the keyboard and see more of
the results.
Icons to the left of the search results let you know which application the results are
from. Tap an item in the results list to open it.
Application What’s searched
Contacts First, last, and company names
Mail To, From, and Subject fields of all accounts (the
text of messages isn’t searched)
Calendar Event titles, invitees, and locations (notes aren’t
searched)
iPod Music (names of songs, artists, and albums) and
the titles of podcasts, video, and audiobooks
Notes Text of notes
Spotlight also searches the names of the native and installed applications on iPhone,
so if you have a lot of applications you may want to use Spotlight as a way to locate
and open applications.
Open applications from Spotlight: Enter the application name, then tap to open the
application directly from the search results.
Use the Search Results settings to choose which applications are searched and the
order in which they’re searched. See “Home” on page 147.
Chapter 2 Basics 37Voice Control
Voice Control (available only on iPhone 3GS) lets you make phone calls and control
iPod music playback using voice commands.
Note: Voice Control isn’t available in all languages.
Use Voice Control: Press and hold the Home button until the Voice Control screen
appears and you hear a beep. You can also press and hold the center button on the
iPhone headset (or the equivalent button on your Bluetooth headset).
Use the following commands to make calls or play songs.
Call someone in contacts Say “call” or “dial,” then say the name of the
person. If the person has more than one phone
number, you can add “home” or “mobile,” for
example.
Dial a number Say “call” or “dial,” then say the number.
Control music playback Say “play” or “play music.” To pause, say “pause”
or “pause music.” You can also say “next song” or
“previous song.”
Play an album, artist, or playlist Say “play,” then say “album,” “artist,” or “playlist”
and the name.
Shuffle the current playlist Say “shuffle.”
Find out more about the currently playing song Say “what’s playing,” “what song is this,” “who
sings this song,” or “who is this song by.”
Use Genius to play similar songs Say “Genius,” “play more like this,” or “play more
songs like this.”
Cancel Voice Control Say “cancel” or “stop.”
For best results:
• Speak into the iPhone microphone as if you were making a phone call. You can also
use the microphone in your iPhone or Bluetooth headset.
• Speak clearly and naturally.
38 Chapter 2 Basics• Say only iPhone commands and names, and numbers. Pause slightly between
commands.
• Use full names.
By default, Voice Control expects you to speak voice commands in the language that’s
set for iPhone (the General > International > Language setting). The Voice Control
settings let you change the language for speaking voice commands. Some languages
are available in different dialects or accents.
Change language or country: In Settings, choose General > International > Voice
Control and tap the language or country.
Voice Control for the iPod application is always on, but for security you can prevent
voice dialing when iPhone is locked.
Prevent voice dialing when iPhone is locked: In Settings, choose General > Passcode
Lock and turn Voice Dial off. Unlock iPhone to use voice dialing.
See“Voice Dialing” on page 48 and“Using Voice Control with iPod” on page 77.
Stereo Headset
The headset included with iPhone features a microphone and an integrated button
that allows you to answer and end calls easily, and control audio and video playback.
The headset included with iPhone 3GS (shown here) also has volume buttons.
Center button
Plug in the headset to listen to music or make a phone call. Callers hear you through
the built-in microphone. Press the center button to control music playback and answer
or end calls, even when iPhone is locked. (You can also use the equivalent button on
your Bluetooth headset to control these functions.)
Pause a song or video Press the center button once. Press again to
resume playback.
Skip to the next song Press the center button twice quickly.
Return to previous song Press the center button three times quickly.
Fast-forward Press the center button twice quickly and hold.
Chapter 2 Basics 39Rewind Press the center button three-times quickly and
hold.
Adjust the volume (iPhone 3GS only) Press the + or – button.
Answer an incoming call Press the center button once.
End the current call Press the center button once.
Decline an incoming call Press and hold the center button for about two
seconds, then let go. Two low beeps confirm you
declined the call.
Switch to an incoming or on-hold call and put
the current call on hold
Press the center button once. Press again to
switch back to the first call.
Switch to an incoming or on-hold call and end
the current call
Press and hold the center button for about two
seconds, then let go. Two low beeps confirm you
ended the first call.
Use Voice Control (iPhone 3GS only) Press and hold the center button. See “Voice
Control” on page 38.
If you get a call while the headset is plugged in, you can hear the ringtone through
both the iPhone speaker and the headset.
Connecting to the Internet
iPhone connects to the Internet automatically whenever you use Mail, Safari, YouTube,
Stocks, Maps, Weather, the App Store, or the iTunes Store.
How iPhone Connects to the Internet
iPhone connects to the Internet using either a Wi-Fi network or a cellular data network.
iPhone does the following, in order, until connected:
• Connects over the last Wi-Fi network you used that’s available.
• If no previously used Wi-Fi networks are available, iPhone shows a list of Wi-Fi
networks in range. Tap a network and, if necessary, enter the password to join.
Networks that require a password show next to them. You can prevent iPhone
from automatically showing available networks. See “Wi-Fi” on page 139.
• If no Wi-Fi networks are available or you choose not to join any, iPhone connects to
the Internet over a cellular data network ( , , or ).
If no Wi-Fi networks are available and a cellular data network isn’t available, iPhone
cannot connect to the Internet.
Note: If you don’t have a 3G connection, you cannot use the Internet over a cellular
data network when you’re on a call. You must have a Wi-Fi connection to use Internet
applications while also talking on the phone.
40 Chapter 2 BasicsMany Wi-Fi networks can be used free of charge including, in some regions, Wi-Fi
hotspots provided by your iPhone carrier. Some Wi-Fi networks require a fee. To join a
Wi-Fi network at a hotspot where charges apply, you can usually open Safari to see a
webpage that allows you to sign up for service.
Joining a Wi-Fi Network
The Wi-Fi settings let you turn on Wi-Fi and join Wi-Fi networks.
Turn on Wi-Fi: Choose Settings > Wi-Fi and turn Wi-Fi on.
Join a Wi-Fi network: Choose Settings > Wi-Fi, wait a moment as iPhone detects
networks in range, then select a network (fees may apply to join some Wi-Fi networks).
If necessary, enter a password and tap Join (networks that require a password appear
with a lock icon).
Once you’ve joined a Wi-Fi network manually, iPhone automatically connects to it
whenever the network is in range. If more than one previously used network is in
range, iPhone joins the one last used.
When iPhone is connected to a Wi-Fi network, the Wi-Fi icon in the status bar at the
top of the screen shows the connection strength. The more bars you see, the stronger
the connection.
For information about configuring Wi-Fi settings, see “Wi-Fi” on page 139.
Cellular Data Network Access
3G, EDGE, and GPRS allow Internet connectivity over the cellular network available
through your iPhone carrier’s wireless service. Check the carrier’s network coverage in
your area for availability.
You can tell iPhone is connected to the Internet via the cellular data network if you see
the 3G ( ), EDGE ( ), or GPRS ( ) icon in the status bar at the top of the screen.
Note: If you don’t have a 3G connection, you may not be able to receive calls while
iPhone is actively transferring data over a cellular network—downloading a webpage,
for example. Incoming calls then go directly to voicemail.
Turn 3G on: In Settings, choose General > Network and tap Enable 3G.
If you’re outside your carrier’s network, you may be able to access the Internet through
another carrier. To enable email, web browsing, and other data services whenever
possible, turn Data Roaming on.
Turn Data Roaming on: In Settings, choose General > Network and turn Data
Roaming on.
Important: Roaming charges may apply. To avoid data roaming charges, make sure
Data Roaming is turned off.
Chapter 2 Basics 41Internet Access on an Airplane
Airplane mode turns off the iPhone radio transmitters to avoid interfering with aircraft
operation. In some regions, where allowed by the aircraft operator and applicable laws
and regulations, you can turn on Wi-Fi while airplane mode is on, to:
• Send and receive email
• Browse the Internet
• Sync your contacts and calendars over the air
• Stream YouTube videos
• Get stock quotes
• Get map locations
• Get weather reports
• Purchase music and applications
For more information, see “Airplane Mode” on page 138.
VPN Access
VPN (virtual private network) provides secure access over the Internet to private
networks, such as the network at your company or school. Use Network settings to
configure and turn on VPN. See “Network” on page 143.
VPN can also be automatically set up by a configuration profile. See “Installing
Configuration Profiles” on page 18. When VPN is set up by a configuration profile,
iPhone may turn on VPN automatically whenever it’s needed. Contact your system
administrator for more information.
Using iPhone as a Modem
You can use iPhone 3G or later as a modem to connect, or tether, your computer to the
Internet. You can connect iPhone to your computer using the Dock Connector to USB
Cable, or via Bluetooth.
Note: Additional fees may apply. Contact your carrier for more information.
Tethering works over the cellular data network. You can’t share a Wi-Fi connection to
the Internet. If you have a 3G connection, you can make and receive phone calls while
tethering.
Note: To use iPhone as a modem with a Mac computer, it must be running Mac OS X
version 10.5.7 or later.
Set up a tethering connection:
1 In Settings, choose General > Network > Internet Tethering.
2 Slide the Internet Tethering switch to On.
3 Connect iPhone to your computer:
42 Chapter 2 Basics• USB: Connect your computer to iPhone, using the Dock Connector to USB Cable.
In your computer’s Network services settings, choose iPhone.
On a Mac, a pop-up window appears the first time you connect, saying “A new
network interface has been detected.” Click Network Preferences, configure the
network settings for iPhone, then click Apply. On a PC, use the Network Control
Panel to configure the iPhone connection.
• Bluetooth: On iPhone, choose Settings > General > Bluetooth and turn on
Bluetooth. Then refer to the documentation that came with your computer system
software to pair and connect iPhone with your computer.
When you’re connected, a blue band appears at the top of the screen. Tethering
remains on when you connect with USB, even when you aren’t actively using the
Internet connection.
Monitor your cellular data network usage: In Settings, choose General > Usage.
Battery
iPhone has an internal rechargeable battery.
Charging the Battery
WARNING: For important safety information about charging iPhone, see the
Important Product Information Guide at www.apple.com/support/manuals/iphone.
The battery icon in the upper-right corner shows the battery level or charging status.
You can also display the percentage of the battery charge (iPhone 3GS only).
Charging Charged
Charge the battery: Connect iPhone to a power outlet using the included Dock
Connector to USB Cable and USB power adapter.
Chapter 2 Basics 43Charge the battery and sync iPhone: Connect iPhone to your computer using the
included Dock Connector to USB Cable. Or connect iPhone to your computer using the
included cable and the Dock, available separately.
Unless your keyboard has a high-powered USB 2.0 port, you must connect iPhone to a
USB 2.0 port on your computer.
Important: The iPhone battery may drain instead of charge if iPhone is connected to a
computer that’s turned off or is in sleep or standby mode.
If you charge the battery while syncing or using iPhone, it may take longer to charge.
Important: If iPhone is very low on power, it may display one of the following images,
indicating that iPhone needs to charge for up to ten minutes before you can use it.
If iPhone is extremely low on power, the display may be blank for up to two minutes
before one of the low-battery images appears.
or
Maximizing Battery Life
iPhone uses lithium-ion batteries. To learn more about how to maximize the lifespan
and battery life of your iPhone, go to www.apple.com/batteries.
Replacing the Battery
Rechargeable batteries have a limited number of charge cycles and may
eventually need to be replaced. The iPhone battery isn’t user replaceable; it can
only be replaced by an authorized service provider. For more information, go to
www.apple.com/support/iphone/service/battery.
44 Chapter 2 BasicsSecurity Features
Security features help protect the information on iPhone from being accessed by
others.
You can set up a passcode that you must enter each time you turn on or wake up
iPhone.
Set a passcode: Choose General > Passcode Lock and enter a 4-digit passcode, then
enter the passcode again to verify it. iPhone then requires you to enter the passcode
to unlock it or to display the passcode lock settings.
For addition information about using a passcode lock, see “Passcode Lock” on
page 145.
Prevent voice dialing when iPhone is locked: In Settings, choose General > Passcode
Lock and turn Voice Dial off. Unlock iPhone to use voice dialing.
The Find My iPhone feature helps you locate iPhone if it’s been lost or misplaced, and
display a message on your iPhone to help someone return it to you. It includes Remote
Wipe, which lets you erase all your information on iPhone in case you don’t recover
it. The Remote Passcode Lock feature lets you remotely lock your iPhone and create a
new or replacement 4-digit passcode.
Find My iPhone requires a MobileMe account. MobileMe is an online service, available
by subscription. Go to www.apple.com/mobileme for more information.
To enable this feature, turn on Find My iPhone in your MobileMe account settings.
See “Setting Up Accounts” on page 16.
Find your iPhone: Log in to your MobileMe account at www.me.com and go to the
Find My iPhone pane. Follow the onscreen instructions to locate your device on a map
and display a message on its screen along with an optional sound to help you find it.
Remotely wipe information on your iPhone: Log in to your MobileMe account at
www.me.com, then go to the Find My iPhone pane. Click “Remote Wipe…,” and follow
the onscreen instructions.
A remote wipe is equivalent to the “Erase all content and settings” feature in Settings.
It resets all settings to their defaults and erases all your information and media.
See “Resetting iPhone” on page 149.
Remotely lock your iPhone: Log in to your MobileMe account at www.me.com, then
go to the Find My iPhone pane. Click Remote Passcode Lock, and follow the onscreen
instructions.
Chapter 2 Basics 45Cleaning iPhone
To clean iPhone, unplug all cables and turn off iPhone (press and hold the Sleep/ Wake
button, then slide the onscreen slider). Then use a soft, slightly damp, lint-free cloth.
Avoid getting moisture in openings. Don’t use window cleaners, household cleaners,
aerosol sprays, solvents, alcohol, ammonia, or abrasives to clean iPhone. If your iPhone
has an oleophobic coating on the screen (iPhone 3GS only), simply wipe your iPhone’s
screen with a soft, lint-free cloth to remove oil left by your hands and face.
For additional information about handling iPhone, see the iPhone Important Product
Information Guide at www.apple.com/support/manuals/iphone.
Restarting and Resetting iPhone
If something isn’t working right, try restarting, force quitting an application, or
resetting iPhone.
Restart iPhone: Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button until the red slider appears.
Slide your finger across the slider to turn off iPhone. To turn iPhone back on, press and
hold the Sleep/Wake until the Apple logo appears.
If you can’t turn off iPhone or if the problem continues, you may need to reset. A reset
should be done only if turning iPhone off and on doesn’t resolve the problem.
Force quit an application: Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button on top of iPhone
for a few seconds until a red slider appears, and then press and hold the Home button
until the application quits.
Reset iPhone: Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button and the Home button at the
same time for at least ten seconds, until the Apple logo appears.
For more troubleshooting suggestions, see Appendix A,“Troubleshooting,” on
page 193.
46 Chapter 2 BasicsPhone
3
Phone Calls
Making a call on iPhone is as simple as tapping a name and number in your contacts,
tapping one of your favorites, or tapping a recent call to return it.
Making Calls
Buttons at the bottom of the Phone screen give you quick access to your favorites,
recent calls, your contacts, and a numeric keypad for dialing manually.
WARNING: For important information about driving safely, see the Important Product
Information Guide at www.apple.com/support/manuals/iphone.
Number of missed calls
Number of unheard
voicemail messages
Use Contacts to call someone Tap Contacts, choose a contact, then tap a phone
number.
Call a favorite Tap Favorites, then choose a contact.
Return a recent call Tap Recents, then tap a name or number in the
list.
Dial a number Tap Keypad, enter the number, then tap Call.
If you copy a phone number to the clipboard, you can paste it to the keypad and
dial it.
47Paste a number to the keypad: Tap the screen above the keyboard, then tap Paste.
If the phone number you copied included letters, iPhone automatically converts them
to the appropriate digits.
Jump to favorites from anywhere: Double-click the Home button. You can change
this preference in Settings. See “Home” on page 147.
Bring up the last number you dialed: Tap Keypad, then tap Call. Tap Call again to dial
the number.
Voice Dialing
You can use Voice Control (iPhone 3GS only) to call someone in your contacts or dial a
specific number.
Note: Voice Control isn’t available in all languages.
Use Voice Control to make phone calls: Press and hold the Home button until the
Voice Control screen appears and you hear a beep. Then use the commands described
below to make calls.
You can also press and hold the center button on the iPhone headset (or the
equivalent button on your Bluetooth headset) to use Voice Control.
Call someone in contacts Say “call” or “dial” then say the name of the person.
If the person has more than one number, specify
which one you want to call.
Examples:
 Call John Appleseed
 Call John Appleseed at home
 Call John Appleseed, mobile
Dial a number Say “call” or “dial,” then say the number.
For best results, speak the full name of the person you’re calling. If you give only the
first name, and you have more than one contact with that same name, iPhone asks
which of those contacts you want to call. If there’s more than one number for the
person you’re calling, specify which number to use. If you don’t specify which number,
iPhone asks you which one to use.
When voice dialing a number, speak each digit separately—for example, say “four one
five, five five five, one two one two.”
Note: For the “800” area code in the U.S., you can say “eight hundred.”
Prevent voice dialing when iPhone is locked: In Settings, choose General > Passcode
Lock and turn Voice Dial off. Unlock iPhone to use voice dialing.
48 Chapter 3 PhoneReceiving Calls
When you receive a call, tap Answer. If iPhone is locked, drag the slider. You can also
press the center button on your iPhone headset or the equivalent button on your
Bluetooth headset to answer a call.
Center button
Silence a call: Press the Sleep/Wake button or either volume button. You can still
answer the call after silencing it, until it goes to voicemail.
Decline a call: Do one of the following to send a call directly to voicemail.
• Press the Sleep/Wake button twice quickly.
Sleep/Wake
button
• Press and hold the center button on the iPhone headset (or the equivalent button
on your Bluetooth headset) for about two seconds. Two low beeps confirm that the
call was declined.
• Tap Decline (if iPhone is awake when a call comes in).
Block calls and maintain Wi-Fi access to the Internet: In Settings, turn on Airplane
Mode, then tap Wi-Fi to turn it on.
While On a Call
When you’re on a call, the screen shows call options.
Chapter 3 Phone 49Mute your line Tap Mute. You can still hear the caller, but the
caller can’t hear you.
Use the keypad to enter information Tap Keypad.
Use the speakerphone or a Bluetooth device Tap Speaker. The Button is labeled Audio Source
when a Bluetooth device is available, which
lets you select the Bluetooth device, iPhone,
or Speaker Phone.
See contact information Tap Contacts.
Put a call on hold Tap Hold. Neither party can hear the other.
Make another call Tap Add Call.
Use other applications during a call: Press the Home button, then tap an
application icon.
End a call: Tap End Call. Or press the center button on your iPhone headset (or the
equivalent button on your Bluetooth headset).
Second Calls
During a call, you can make or receive another call. If you receive a second call, iPhone
beeps and shows the caller’s information and a list of options.
Note: Making and receiving a second call may be an optional service in some
countries. Contact your carrier for more information.
Respond to a second call:
• To ignore the call and send it to voicemail, tap Ignore.
• To hold the first call and answer the new one, tap Hold Call + Answer.
• To end the first call and answer the new one, tap End Call + Answer.
Make a second call: Tap Add Call. The first call is put on hold.
Switch between calls: Tap Swap. The active call is put on hold.
Create a conference call: Tap Merge Calls. See “Conference Calls” below.
Conference Calls
You can talk to more than one person at a time, and merge up to five calls, depending
on your carrier.
Note: Conference calling may be an optional service in some countries. Contact your
carrier for more information.
Create a conference call:
1 Make a call.
2 Tap Add Call and make another call. The first call is put on hold.
3 Tap Merge Calls. The calls are merged on one line and everyone can hear each other.
50 Chapter 3 Phone4 Repeat steps two and three to add up to five calls.
Drop one call Tap Conference and tap next to a call.
Then tap End Call.
Talk privately with a call Tap Conference, then tap Private next to a call.
Tap Merge Calls to resume the conference.
Add an incoming call Tap Hold Call + Answer, then tap Merge Calls.
If your service includes conference calling, iPhone always has a second line available in
addition to the conference call.
Emergency Calls
If iPhone is locked with a passcode, you may still be able to make an emergency call.
Make an emergency call when iPhone is locked: On the Enter Passcode screen, tap
Emergency Call, then dial the number using the keypad.
Important: Only emergency numbers valid in the region where you’re making the call
will work. In some countries, you can’t make emergency calls unless your SIM card is
installed and activated, and the SIM PIN has been correctly entered or turned off.
In the U.S., location information (if available) is provided to emergency service
providers when you dial 911.
Important: You should not rely on wireless devices for essential communications, such
as medical emergencies. Use of any cellular phone to call emergency services may not
work in all locations. Emergency numbers and services vary by region, and sometimes
an emergency call cannot be placed due to network availability or environmental
interference. Some cellular networks may not accept an emergency call from iPhone if
it doesn’t have a SIM, if you locked your SIM, or if you haven’t activated your iPhone.
Visual Voicemail
On iPhone, visual voicemail lets you see a list of your messages and choose which ones
to listen to or delete, without having to listen to instructions or prior messages.
Note: Visual voicemail may not be available in all regions, or may be an optional
service. Contact your carrier for more information. If visual voicemail isn’t available,
tap Voicemail and follow the voice prompts to retrieve your messages.
Number of missed calls and unheard
voicemail messages appears on the
Home screen Phone icon.
Chapter 3 Phone 51Setting Up Voicemail
The first time you tap Voicemail, iPhone prompts you to create a voicemail password
and record your voicemail greeting.
Change your greeting:
1 Tap Voicemail, tap Greeting, then tap Custom.
2 Tap Record when you’re ready to start.
3 When you finish, tap Stop. To review, tap Play.
To rerecord, repeat steps 2 and 3.
4 Tap Save.
Use your carrier’s default greeting Tap Voicemail, tap Greeting, then tap Default.
Set an alert sound for new voicemail In Settings, choose Sounds and turn New
Voicemail on. The alert sounds once for each new
voicemail. If the Ring/Silent switch is off, iPhone
won’t sound alerts.
Change the voicemail password In Settings, choose Phone > Change Voicemail
Password.
Checking Voicemail
When you tap Phone, iPhone shows the number of missed calls and unheard
voicemail messages.
Number of missed calls
Number of unheard
voicemail messages
52 Chapter 3 PhoneTap Voicemail to see a list of your messages.
Skip to any point in
a message: Drag the
playhead.
Unheard
messages Play/Pause
Contact info
Scrubber bar
Speakerphone (Audio,
when a Bluetooth device
is connected. Tap to
choose audio output.)
Return the call
Listen to a message: Tap the message. (If you’ve already heard the message, tap the
message again to replay it.) Use and to pause and resume playback.
Once you listen to a message, it’s saved until your carrier automatically erases it.
Check voicemail from another phone: Dial your own number or your carrier’s remote
access number.
Deleting Messages
Select a message, then tap Delete. Deleted visual voicemail messages are saved on
iPhone until your carrier permanently erases them.
Listen to a deleted message Tap Deleted Messages (at the end of the list),
then tap the message.
Undelete a message Tap Deleted Messages (at the end of the list),
then tap the message and tap Undelete.
Getting Contact Information
Visual voicemail saves the date and time of the call, the length of the message, and
any available contact information.
See a caller’s contact information: Tap next to a message.
You can use the information to email or text the caller, or update contact info.
Chapter 3 Phone 53Contacts
From a contact’s Info screen, a quick tap lets you make a phone call, create a new email
message, find the location of their address, and more. See “Searching Contacts” on
page 177.
Favorites
Favorites gives you quick access to your most-used phone numbers.
Add a contact’s number to your favorites list: Tap Contacts and choose a contact.
Then tap “Add to Favorites” and choose the number you want to add.
Add a recent caller’s number to your favorites list: Tap Recents and tap next to a
caller, then tap “Add to Favorites.”
Go to favorites: Double-click the Home button. See “Home” on page 147.
Call a contact from your favorites Tap Favorites and choose a contact.
Delete a contact from your favorites Tap Favorites and tap Edit. Then tap next to a
contact or number and tap Remove.
Reorder your favorites list Tap Favorites and tap Edit. Then drag next to a
contact to a new place in the list.
Ringtones and the Ring/Silent Switch
iPhone comes with ringtones you can use for incoming calls, Clock alarms, and the
Clock timer. You can also create and purchase ringtones from songs in iTunes.
Ring/Silent Switch and Vibrate Modes
A switch on the side of iPhone makes it easy to turn the ringer on or off.
Turn the ringer on or off: Flip the switch on the side of iPhone.
Ring
Silent
Important: Clock alarms still sound even if you set the Ring/Silent switch to silent.
Set iPhone to vibrate: In Settings, choose Sounds. Separate controls let you set vibrate
for both ring mode and silent mode.
54 Chapter 3 PhoneFor more information, see Chapter 19,“Settings,” on page 138.
Setting Ringtones
You can set the default ringtone for calls and Clock alarms and timers. You can also
assign individual ringtones to contacts so you know who’s calling.
Set the default ringtone: In Settings, choose Sounds > Ringtone, then choose a
ringtone.
Assign a ringtone to a contact: From Phone, tap Contacts and choose a contact.
Then tap Ringtone and choose a ringtone.
Purchasing Ringtones
You can purchase ringtones from the iTunes Store on your iPhone. See “Purchasing
Ringtones” on page 162.
Bluetooth Devices
You can use iPhone with hands-free Bluetooth headsets and Bluetooth car kits.
iPhone also supports Bluetooth stereo headphone devices when using iPod.
Pairing a Device with iPhone
You must first pair a Bluetooth device with iPhone before you can use it.
Pair with iPhone:
1 Follow the instructions that came with the device to make it discoverable or to set it to
search for other Bluetooth devices.
2 In Settings, choose General > Bluetooth and turn Bluetooth on.
3 Choose the device on iPhone and enter its passkey or PIN number. See the instructions
about the passkey or PIN that came with the device.
After you pair a Bluetooth device to work with iPhone, you must make a connection to
have iPhone use the device for your calls.
Connect with iPhone: See the documentation that came with the headset or car kit.
When iPhone is connected to a Bluetooth device, outgoing calls are routed through
the device. Incoming calls are routed through the device if you answer using the
device, and through iPhone if you answer using iPhone.
WARNING: For important information about avoiding hearing loss and
about driving safely, see the Important Product Information Guide at
www.apple.com/support/manuals/iphone.
Chapter 3 Phone 55Bluetooth Status
The Bluetooth icon appears in the iPhone status bar at the top of the screen:
• (blue) or (white): Bluetooth is on and a device is connected to iPhone. (The color
depends on the current color of the status bar.)
• (gray): Bluetooth is on but no device is connected. If you’ve paired a device with
iPhone, it may be out of range or turned off.
• No Bluetooth icon: Bluetooth is turned off.
Routing Calls Back Through iPhone
When iPhone is connected to a Bluetooth device, you listen to calls through iPhone by
doing one of the following:
• Answer a call by tapping the iPhone screen.
• During a call, tap Audio on iPhone. Choose iPhone to hear calls through iPhone or
Speaker Phone to use the speakerphone.
• Turn off Bluetooth. In Settings, choose General > Bluetooth and drag the switch to
Off.
• Turn off the Bluetooth device, or move out of range. You must be within about 30
feet of a Bluetooth device for it to be connected to iPhone.
Unpairing a Device from iPhone
If you’ve paired iPhone with a device and want to use another device instead, you
must unpair the first device.
Unpair a device:
1 In Settings, choose General > Bluetooth and turn Bluetooth on.
2 Choose the device and tap Unpair.
International Calls
iPhone 3G and iPhone 3GS are multi-band phones, supporting UMTS/HSDPA (850,
1900, 2100 MHz) and GSM (850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz), ensuring broad international
coverage.
Making International Calls from Your Home Area
For information about making international calls from your home area, including rates
and other charges that may apply, contact your carrier or go to your carrier’s website.
Using iPhone Abroad
You can use iPhone to make calls in many countries around the world.
Enable international roaming: Contact your carrier for information about availability
and fees.
56 Chapter 3 PhoneSet iPhone to add the correct prefix when dialing from another country: In Settings,
tap Phone, then turn International Assist on. This lets you make calls to your home
country using the numbers in your contacts and favorites, without having to add a
prefix or your country code. International Assist works for U.S. telephone numbers only.
When you make a call using International Assist, “International Assist” appears on the
iPhone screen, alternating with the “calling ...” message, until your call is connected.
Note: International Assist is not available in all areas.
Set the carrier to use: In Settings, tap Carrier, then select the carrier you prefer. This
option is available only when you’re traveling outside your carrier’s network. You can
make calls only on carriers that have roaming agreements with your iPhone service
provider. For more information, see “Carrier” on page 141.
Important: Voice and data roaming charges may apply. To avoid data roaming charges,
turn Data Roaming off.
Turn Data Roaming on or off: In Settings, choose General > Network and turn Data
Roaming on or off. Data Roaming is turned off by default.
Turning Data Roaming off helps to avoid data roaming charges when traveling outside
your carrier’s network by disabling data transmission over the cellular network. You
can still access the Internet if you have a Wi-Fi connection. If Wi-Fi network access isn’t
available, however, you cannot:
• Send or receive email
• Browse the Internet
• Sync your contacts, calendars, or bookmarks with MobileMe or Exchange
• Stream YouTube videos
• Get stock quotes
• Get map locations
• Get weather reports
• Purchase music or applications
Other third-party applications that use data roaming may also be disabled.
If Data Roaming is turned off, you can still make and receive phone calls, and send and
receive text messages. Voice roaming charges may apply. Visual voicemail is delivered
if there’s no charge; if your carrier charges for delivery of visual voicemail when
roaming, turning Data Roaming off prevents the delivery of visual voicemail.
To enable email, web browsing, and other data services, turn Data Roaming on.
Chapter 3 Phone 57Important: If Data Roaming is turned on, you may incur charges when roaming
outside your carrier’s network for the use of any of the features listed above, as well as
for delivery of visual voicemail. Check with your carrier for information about roaming
charges.
Get voicemail when visual voicemail isn’t available: Dial your own number, or touch
and hold “1” on the keypad.
You can use Airplane Mode to turn off cellular services and then turn Wi-Fi on to get
access to the Internet, while preventing voice roaming charges.
Use Airplane Mode to turn off cellular services: In Settings, tap Airplane Mode to turn
it on, then tap Wi-Fi and turn Wi-Fi on. See “Airplane Mode” on page 138.
Incoming phone calls are sent to voicemail. To make and receive calls again and get
your voicemail messages, turn Airplane Mode off.
58 Chapter 3 PhoneMail
4
Mail works with MobileMe, Microsoft Exchange, and many of the most popular email
systems—including Yahoo! Mail, Google email, and AOL—as well as other industrystandard POP3 and IMAP email systems. You can send and receive embedded photos
and graphics, and view PDFs and other attachments.
Setting Up Email Accounts
You can set up email accounts on iPhone in either of the following ways:
• Set up an account directly on iPhone. See “Setting Up Accounts” on page 16.
• In iTunes, use the iPhone preference panes to sync email accounts settings from
your computer. See “Syncing” on page 11.
Sending Email
You can send an email message to anyone who has an email address.
Compose and send a message:
1 Tap .
2 Type a name or email address in the To field, or tap to add a name from your
contacts.
As you type an email address, matching email addresses from your contacts list appear
below. Tap an address to add it. To add more names, tap Return or .
Note: If you’re composing a message from your Microsoft Exchange account and
have access to your enterprise Global Address List (GAL), matching addresses from the
contacts on iPhone appear first, followed by matching GAL addresses.
3 Tap Cc/Bcc/From if you want to copy or blind copy the message to others, or change
the account you send the message from. If you have more than one email account,
you can tap the From field to change the account you’re sending from.
594 Enter a subject, then your message.
You can tap Return to move from one field to another.
5 Tap Send.
Send a photo or video (iPhone 3GS only) in an
email message
In Photos, choose a photo or video, tap ,
then tap Email Photo or Email Video. You can
also copy and paste photos and videos.
The photo or video is sent using your default
email account (see “Mail” on page 152).
Send a video in an email message (iPhone and
iPhone 3G)
In Photos, choose a video, then touch and hold
the video until the Copy command appears. Tap
Copy. Go to Mail and create a new message. Tap
to place an insertion point where you want the
video, then tap the insertion point to display the
edit commands and tap Paste.
The video is sent using your default email
account (see “Mail” on page 152).
Save a draft of a message to complete later Tap Cancel, then tap Save. The message is saved
in the Drafts mailbox.
Reply to a message Tap . Tap Reply to reply only to the sender
or tap Reply All to reply to the sender and all
recipients. Type your return message, then tap
Send.
Files or images attached to the initial message
aren’t sent back.
Forward a message Open a message and tap , then tap Forward.
Add one or more email addresses, type your
message, then tap Send.
When you forward a message, you can include
the files or images attached to the original
message.
Share contact information In Contacts, choose a contact, tap Share Contact
at the bottom of the Info screen, then tap Email.
Checking and Reading Email
The Mail icon shows the total number of unread messages in all your inboxes. You may
have other unread messages in other mailboxes.
Number of unread
emails in your inboxes
Check for new messages: Choose a mailbox or tap at any time.
60 Chapter 4 MailOn each account screen, you can see the number of unread messages in each mailbox.
Number of unread
messages
Tap to see all your
email accounts
Tap a mailbox to see its messages. Unread messages have a blue dot next to them.
Unread messages
When you open a mailbox, Mail loads the number of most recent messages specified
in your Mail settings, if the messages haven’t already been loaded automatically.
(See “Mail” on page 152.)
Load additional messages: Scroll to the bottom of the list of messages and tap Load
More Messages.
Read a message: Tap a mailbox, then tap a message. Within a message, tap or to
see the next or previous message.
Zoom in on part of a message Double-tap an area of the message to zoom in.
Double-tap again to zoom out.
Resize any column of text to fit the screen Double-tap the text.
Resize a message manually Pinch to zoom in or out.
Chapter 4 Mail 61Follow a link Tap the link.
Text links are typically underlined and blue. Many
images are also links. A link can take you to a
webpage, open a map, dial a phone number, or
open a new preaddressed email message.
Web, phone, and map links open Safari, Phone,
or Maps on iPhone. To return to your email, press
the Home button and tap Mail.
See a link’s destination address Touch and hold the link. The address is displayed,
and you can choose to open the link in Safari or
copy the link address to the clipboard.
iPhone displays picture attachments in many commonly used formats (JPEG, GIF, and
TIFF) inline with the text in email messages. iPhone can play many audio attachments
(such as MP3, AAC, WAV, and AIFF). You can download and view files (such as PDF,
webpage, text, Pages, Keynote, Numbers, and Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint
documents) attached to messages you receive.
Open an attached file: Tap the attachment. It downloads to iPhone and then opens.
Tap attachment
to download
You can view attachments in portrait or landscape orientation. If the format of an
attached file isn’t supported by iPhone, you can see the name of the file but you can’t
open it. iPhone supports the following document types:
.doc Microsoft Word
.docx Microsoft Word (XML)
.htm webpage
.html webpage
.key Keynote
.numbers Numbers
.pages Pages
62 Chapter 4 Mail.pdf Preview, Adobe Acrobat
.ppt Microsoft PowerPoint
.pptx Microsoft PowerPoint (XML)
.rtf Rich Text Format
.txt text
.vcf contact information
.xls Microsoft Excel
.xlsx Microsoft Excel (XML)
Save an attached photo to your Camera Roll album: Tap the photo, then tap Save
Image. If the photo hasn’t been downloaded yet, tap the download notice first.
Save an attached video to your Camera Roll album: Touch and hold the attachment,
then tap Save Video. If the video hasn’t been downloaded yet, tap the download
notice first.
See all the recipients of a message Tap Details.
Tap a name or email address to see the recipient’s
contact information. Then tap a phone number,
email address, or text message to contact the
person. Tap Hide to hide the recipients.
Add an email recipient to your contacts list Tap the message and, if necessary, tap Details
to see the recipients. Then tap a name or email
address and tap Create New Contact or “Add to
Existing Contact.”
Mark a message as unread Open the message and tap “Mark as Unread.”
A blue dot appears next to the message in the
mailbox list until you open it again.
Open a meeting invitation: Tap the invitation.
You can get contact information for the organizer and other attendees, set an alert,
add notes to the event, and add comments that are included in your response emailed
to the organizer. You can accept, tentatively accept, or decline the invitation. See
“Responding to Meeting Invitations” on page 95.
Turn Push on or off: In Settings, choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars” > Fetch New Data,
then turn Push on or off. See “Fetch New Data” on page 151.
Chapter 4 Mail 63Searching Email
You can search the To, From, and Subject fields of email messages. Mail searches the
downloaded messages in the currently open mailbox. For MobileMe, Exchange, and
some IMAP mail accounts, you can also search messages on the server.
Search email messages: Open a mailbox, scroll to the top, and enter text in the Search
field. Tap From, To, Subject, or All (From, To, and Subject) to choose which fields you
want to search. (Tap the status bar to scroll quickly to the top of the list and reveal the
search field.)
Search results for the messages already downloaded to iPhone appear automatically
as you type. Tap Search to dismiss the keyboard and see more of the results.
Search messages on the server: Tap “Continue Search on Server” at the end of the
search results.
Note: Search results of messages on servers may vary depending on the type of
account. Some servers may search only whole words.
Organizing Email
You can delete messages one at a time, or select a group to delete all at once. You can
also move messages from one mailbox or folder to another.
Delete a message: Open the message and tap .
You can also delete a message directly from the mailbox message list by swiping left
or right over the message title, then tapping Delete.
To show the
Delete button,
swipe left or
right over
the message.
64 Chapter 4 MailDelete multiple messages: When viewing a list of messages, tap Edit, select the
messages you want to delete, then tap Delete.
Move a message to another mailbox or folder: When viewing a message, tap , then
choose a mailbox or folder.
Move multiple messages: When viewing a list of messages, tap Edit, select the
messages you want to move, then tap Move and select a mailbox or folder.
Chapter 4 Mail 65Safari
5
Viewing Webpages
Safari lets you surf the web and view webpages on iPhone in the same way as if you
were on your computer. You can create bookmarks on iPhone and sync bookmarks
with your computer. Add web clips for quick access to your favorite sites directly from
the Home screen.
You can view webpages in either portrait or landscape orientation. Rotate iPhone and
the webpage rotates too, automatically adjusting to fit the page.
Opening Webpages
Open a webpage: Tap the address field (on the left side of the title bar), then type the
web address and tap Go. If the address field isn’t visible, tap the status bar at the top of
the screen to quickly scroll to the address field at the top of the webpage.
As you type, web addresses that start with those letters appear. These are bookmarked
pages or recent pages you’ve opened. Tap an address to go to that page. Keep typing
if you want to enter a web address that’s not in the list.
Erase the text in the address field: Tap the address field, then tap .
66Zooming and Scrolling
Zoom in or out: Double-tap a column on a webpage to expand the column. Doubletap again to zoom out.
You can also pinch to zoom in or out manually.
Scroll around a webpage Drag up, down, or sideways. When scrolling,
you can touch and drag anywhere on the page
without activating any links.
Scroll within a frame on a webpage Use two fingers to scroll within a frame on a
webpage. Use one finger to scroll the entire
webpage.
Scroll quickly to the top of a webpage Tap the status bar at the top of the iPhone screen.
Navigating Webpages
Links on webpages typically take you to another place on the web.
Follow a link on a webpage: Tap the link.
Links on iPhone can also initiate a phone call, display a location in Maps, or create a
preaddressed Mail message. To return to Safari after a link opens another application,
press the Home button and tap Safari.
See a link’s destination address Touch and hold the link. The address pops up
next to your finger. You can touch and hold an
image to see if it has a link.
Stop a webpage from loading Tap .
Reload a webpage Tap .
Return to the previous or next page Tap or at the bottom of the screen.
Return to a recently viewed page Tap and tap History. To clear the history list,
tap Clear.
Send a webpage address via email Tap and tap “Mail Link to this Page.”
Save an image or photo to your Camera Roll
album
Touch and hold the image, then tap Save Image.
Chapter 5 Safari 67Opening Multiple Pages
You can have up to eight pages open at a time. Some links automatically open a new
page instead of replacing the current one.
The number inside the pages icon at the bottom of the screen shows how many
pages are open. If there’s no number inside, just one page is open. For example:
= one page is open
= three pages are open
Open a new page: Tap and tap New Page.
Go to another page: Tap and flick left or right. Tap the page you want to view.
Close a page: Tap and tap . You can’t close a page if it’s the only one open.
Entering Text and Filling Out Forms
Some webpages have text fields and forms to fill out. You can set Safari to remember
names and passwords of websites you visit and fill out text fields automatically with
information from Contacts. See “Safari” on page 156.
Bring up the keyboard Tap inside a text field.
Move to another text field Tap another text field, or tap the Next or Previous
button.
Submit a form Once you finish filling out a form, tap Go or
Search. Most pages also have a link you can tap
to submit the form.
Close the keyboard without submitting the
form
Tap Done.
68 Chapter 5 SafariEnable AutoFill to help you fill out web forms: In Settings, choose Safari > AutoFill,
then do one of the following:
• To use information from contacts, turn Use Contact Info on, then choose My Info and
select the contact you want to use.
Safari uses information from Contacts to fill in contact fields on web forms.
• To use information from names and passwords, turn Names & Passwords on.
When this feature is on, Safari remembers names and passwords of websites you
visit and automatically fills in the information when you revisit the website.
• To remove all AutoFill information, tap Clear All.
Searching the Web
By default, Safari searches using Google. You can search using Yahoo!, instead.
Search the web:
1 Tap the search field (on the right side of the title bar).
2 Type a word or phrase that describes what you’re looking for, then tap Google.
3 Tap a link in the list of search results to open a webpage.
Set Safari to search using Yahoo!: From the Home screen choose Settings > Safari >
Search Engine, then choose Yahoo!.
Bookmarks
You can bookmark webpages you want to return to later.
Bookmark a webpage: Open the page and tap . Then tap Add Bookmark.
When you save a bookmark you can edit its title. By default, bookmarks are saved at
the top level of Bookmarks. Tap Bookmarks to choose another folder.
If you use Safari on a Mac, or Safari or Microsoft Internet Explorer on a PC, you can sync
bookmarks with the web browser on your computer.
Sync bookmarks with your computer:
1 Connect iPhone to your computer.
2 In iTunes, select iPhone in the sidebar.
3 Click the Info tab, select “Sync … bookmarks” under Web Browser, then click Apply.
See “Syncing” on page 11.
Sync bookmarks with MobileMe: In Settings on iPhone, select Bookmarks in your
MobileMe account. See “Setting Up Accounts” on page 16.
Open a bookmarked webpage: Tap , then choose a bookmark or tap a folder to
see the bookmarks inside.
Chapter 5 Safari 69Edit a bookmark or bookmark folder: Tap , choose the folder that has the
bookmark or folder you want to edit, then tap Edit. Then do one of the following:
• To make a new folder, tap New Folder.
• To delete a bookmark or folder, tap , then tap Delete.
• To reposition a bookmark or folder, drag .
• To edit the name or address, or to put it in a different folder, tap the bookmark or folder.
When you’re finished, tap Done.
Web Clips
Add web clips to the Home screen for fast access to your favorite webpages. Web clips
appear as icons on the Home screen, and you can arrange your web clips along with
the other icons. See “iPhone Applications” on page 23.
Add a web clip: Open the webpage and tap . Then tap “Add to Home Screen.”
When you open a web clip, Safari automatically zooms and scrolls to the area of the
webpage that was displayed when you saved the web clip. The displayed area is also
used to create the icon for the web clip on your Home screen, unless the webpage
comes with its own custom icon.
When you add a web clip, you can edit its name. If the name is too long (more than
about 10 characters), it may appear abbreviated on the Home screen.
Web clips aren’t bookmarks, and aren’t synced by MobileMe or iTunes.
Delete a web clip:
1 Touch and hold any icon on the Home screen until the icons start to wiggle.
2 Tap in the corner of the web clip you want to delete.
3 Tap Delete, then press the Home button to save your arrangement.
70 Chapter 5 SafariiPod
6
iPhone syncs with iTunes on your computer to get songs, videos, and other content
you’ve collected in your iTunes library. For information about adding music and other
media to your iTunes library, open iTunes and choose Help > iTunes Help.
Getting Music, Video, and More
To get music, video, and other content onto iPhone, you can set up iTunes on your
computer to automatically sync content in your library, or you can manually manage
the media you put on iPhone.
Syncing Content from iTunes
You can transfer music, video, and more onto iPhone by syncing content from iTunes.
You can sync all of your media, or you can select specific songs, videos, podcasts, and
iTunes U collections.
Set iTunes to sync iPod content:
1 Connect iPhone to your computer.
2 In iTunes, select iPhone in the sidebar.
3 On the Music, Movies, TV Shows, Podcasts, and iTunes U tabs, select the content you
want to sync to iPhone. For example, you could set iTunes to sync selected music
playlists and the three most recent episodes of your favorite video podcast.
4 Click Apply.
To set iTunes to sync iPod content and other info automatically, click the Summary tab
and select “Automatically sync when this iPhone is connected.”
Important: If you delete an item from iTunes, it will also be deleted from iPhone the
next time you sync.
71Only songs and videos encoded in formats that iPhone supports are transferred to
iPhone. For information about which formats iPhone supports, see “Song, Video, or
Other Items Won’t Play” on page 200.
If there are more songs in your iTunes library than can fit on your iPhone, iTunes
offers to create a special playlist to sync with iPhone. iTunes fills the playlist with
random selections from your library. You can add or delete songs from the playlist
and sync again.
If you listen to part of a podcast or audiobook, your place in the story is included if you
sync the content with iTunes. If you started listening to the story on iPhone, you can
pick up where you left off using iTunes on your computer—or vice versa.
For more information about using iTunes to get music and other media onto your
computer, see “What You Need” on page 9.
Manually Managing Content
The manually managing feature lets you choose just the music, video, and podcasts
you want to have on iPhone.
Set up iPhone for manually managing content:
1 Connect iPhone to your computer.
2 In iTunes, select iPhone in the sidebar.
3 Click the Summary tab and select “Manually manage music and videos.”
4 Click Apply.
Add items to iPhone: Drag a song, video, podcast, or playlist in your iTunes library to
iPhone (in the sidebar). Shift-click or Command-click (Mac) or Control-click (Windows)
to select multiple items to add at the same time.
iTunes syncs the content immediately. If you deselect “Manually manage music and
videos,” the content you added manually is removed from iPhone the next time iTunes
syncs content.
Remove items from iPhone: With iPhone connected to your computer, select the
iPhone icon in the iTunes sidebar. Click the disclosure triangle to the left of the icon
to show the contents. Select a content area, such as Music or Movies, then select the
items you want to delete and press the Delete key on the keyboard.
Removing an item from iPhone doesn’t delete it from your iTunes library.
Purchasing and Downloading Content from the iTunes Store
You can use the iTunes Store on iPhone to purchase and download songs, albums,
TV shows, movies, music videos, ringtones, and audiobooks directly to iPhone. You can
also stream and download audio and video podcasts, as well as iTunes U content.
See “About the iTunes Store” on page 160.
72 Chapter 6 iPodTransferring Purchased Content to Another Computer
You can transfer content on iPhone that was purchased using iTunes on one
computer to an iTunes library on another authorized computer. The computer must be
authorized to play content from your iTunes Store account. To authorize the computer,
open iTunes on the computer and choose Store > Authorize Computer.
Transfer purchased content: Connect iPhone to the other computer. iTunes asks if
you want to transfer purchased content.
Converting Videos for iPhone
You can add videos other than those purchased from the iTunes Store to iPhone, such
as videos you create in iMovie on a Mac, or videos you download from the Internet
and then add to iTunes.
If you try to add a video from iTunes to iPhone and a message says the video can’t play
on iPhone, you can convert the video.
Convert a video to work with iPhone: Select the video in your iTunes library and
choose Advanced > “Create iPod or iPhone Version.” Then add the converted video to
iPhone.
Music and Other Audio
The high-resolution Multi-Touch display makes listening to songs on iPhone as much
a visual experience as a musical one. You can scroll through your playlists, or use Cover
Flow to browse through your album art.
WARNING: For important information about avoiding hearing loss, see the Important
Product Information Guide at www.apple.com/support/manuals/iphone.
Playing Songs
Browse your collection: Tap Playlists, Artists, or Songs. Tap More to browse Albums,
Audiobooks, Compilations, Composers, Genres, iTunes U, or Podcasts.
Browse Genius Mixes: Tap Genius. If Genius doesn’t appear, you need to turn on
Genius in iTunes 9 or later, and then sync iPhone with iTunes. See “Using Genius on
iPhone” on page 79.
Play a song: Tap the song.
Shake to shuffle: Shake iPhone to turn shuffle on and immediately change songs.
Shake anytime to change to another song.
You can turn the “Shake to Shuffle” feature on or off in Settings > iPod (it’s on by
default). See “Music” on page 158.
Chapter 6 iPod 73Controlling Song Playback
When you play a song, the Now Playing screen appears.
Next/Fast-forward
Play/Pause
Track List
Back
Previous/ Volume
Rewind
Pause a song Tap , or press the center button on the iPhone
headset (or the equivalent button on your
Bluetooth headset).
Resume playback Tap , or press the center button on the iPhone
headset (or the equivalent button on your
Bluetooth headset).
Raise or lower the volume Drag the volume slider or use the buttons on
the side of iPhone. You can also use the volume
buttons on the iPhone headset (iPhone 3GS only).
Restart a song or a chapter in an audiobook or
podcast
Tap .
Skip to the next song or chapter in an
audiobook or podcast
Tap , or press the center button on the iPhone
headset (or the equivalent button on your
Bluetooth headset) twice quickly.
Go to the previous song or chapter in an
audiobook or podcast
Tap twice, or press the center button on the
iPhone headset (or the equivalent button on your
Bluetooth headset) three times quickly.
Rewind or fast-forward Touch and hold or . The longer you hold
the control, the faster the song rewinds or fastforwards. On the iPhone headset, press the
center button (or the equivalent button on your
Bluetooth headset) twice quickly and hold to
fast forward, or three times quickly and hold to
rewind.
74 Chapter 6 iPodReturn to the iPod browse lists Tap , or swipe to the right over the album
cover.
Return to the Now Playing screen Tap Now Playing.
Display a song’s lyrics Tap the album cover when playing a song. (Lyrics
appear if you’ve added them to the song using
the song’s Info window in iTunes.)
You can display playback controls at any time when you’re listening to music and
using another application—or even when iPhone is locked—by double-clicking the
Home button. See “Home” on page 147.
If you’re using an application, the playback controls appear on top of the application.
After using the controls, you can close them or tap Music to go to the Now Playing
screen. If iPhone is locked, the controls appear onscreen, then disappear automatically
after you finish using them.
Additional Song Controls
From the Now Playing screen, tap the album cover.
The repeat, Genius, and shuffle controls appear along with the scrubber bar. You can
see elapsed time, remaining time, and the song number. The song’s lyrics also appear,
if you’ve added them to the song in iTunes.
The scrubber bar lets you skip to any point along the timeline. You can adjust the
scrub rate from high-speed to fine by sliding your finger down as you drag the
playhead along the scrubber bar.
Repeat Genius Shuffle
Scrubber bar Playhead
Chapter 6 iPod 75Set iPhone to repeat songs Tap . Tap again to set iPhone to repeat only
the current song.
= iPhone is set to repeat all songs in the
current album or list.
= iPhone is set to repeat the current song
over and over.
= iPhone isn’t set to repeat songs.
Skip to any point in a song Drag the playhead along the scrubber bar.
Slide your finger down to adjust the scrub rate.
The scrub rate becomes slower the farther down
you slide your finger.
Make a Genius playlist Tap , and the Genius playlist appears.
See “Using Genius on iPhone” on page 79.
Set iPhone to shuffle songs Tap . Tap again to set iPhone to play songs
in order.
= iPhone is set to shuffle songs.
= iPhone is set to play songs in order.
Shuffle the tracks in any playlist, album, or other
list of songs
Tap Shuffle at the top of the list. For example, to
shuffle all the songs on iPhone, choose Songs >
Shuffle.
Whether or not iPhone is set to shuffle, if you tap
Shuffle at the top of a list of songs, iPhone plays
the songs from that list in random order.
Podcast and Audiobook Controls
From the Now Playing screen, tap the cover.
The email, 30-second repeat, and playback speed controls appear along with the
scrubber bar. You can see elapsed time, remaining time, and the episode or chapter
number.
The scrubber bar lets you skip to any point along the timeline. You can adjust the
scrub rate from high-speed to fine by sliding your finger down as you drag the
playhead along the scrubber bar.
Scrubber bar Playhead
Playback
speed
Email 30-second repeat
76 Chapter 6 iPodSend an email link to this podcast Tap .
Skip to any point Drag the playhead along the scrubber bar. Slide
your finger down to adjust the scrub rate. The
scrub rate becomes slower the farther down you
slide your finger.
Play back the last 30 seconds Tap .
Set the playback speed Tap . Tap again to change the speed.
= Play at double speed.
= Play at half speed.
= Play at normal speed.
Using Voice Control with iPod
You can use Voice Control (available only on iPhone 3GS) to control music playback on
iPhone.
Note: Voice Control isn’t available in all languages.
Use Voice Control: Press and hold the Home button until the Voice Control screen
appears and you hear a beep. Then use the commands described below to play songs.
You can also press and hold the center button on the iPhone headset (or the
equivalent button on your Bluetooth headset) to bring up Voice Control.
Control music playback Say “play” or “play music.” To pause, say “pause”
or “pause music.” You can also say “next song” or
“previous song.”
Play an album, artist, or playlist Say “play,” then say “album,” “artist,” or “playlist”
and the name.
Shuffle the current playlist Say “shuffle.”
Find out more about the currently playing song Say “what’s playing,” “what song is this,” “who
sings this song,” or “who is this song by.”
Use Genius to play similar songs Say “Genius,” “play more like this,” or “play more
songs like this.”
Cancel Voice Control Say “cancel” or “stop.”
Chapter 6 iPod 77Browsing Album Covers in Cover Flow
When you’re browsing music, you can rotate iPhone sideways to see your iTunes
content in Cover Flow and browse your music by album artwork.
Browse album covers Drag or flick left or right.
See the tracks on an album Tap a cover or .
Play any track Tap the track. Drag up or down to scroll through
the tracks.
Return to the cover Tap the title bar. Or tap again.
Play or pause the current song Tap or . You can also press the center button
on the iPhone headset (or the equivalent button
on your Bluetooth headset).
78 Chapter 6 iPodViewing All Tracks on an Album
See all the tracks on the album that contains the current song: From the Now
Playing screen tap . Tap a track to play it. Tap the album cover thumbnail to return to
the Now Playing screen.
Rating bar
Back to Now
Playing
screen
Album tracks
In track list view, you can assign ratings to songs. You can use ratings to create smart
playlists in iTunes that dynamically update to include, for example, your highest rated
songs.
Rate a song: Drag your thumb across the rating bar to give the song zero to five stars.
Searching Music
You can search the titles, artists, albums, and composers of songs, podcasts, and other
content you’ve synced to iPhone.
Search music: Enter text in the search field at the top of a song list, playlist, artist list,
or other view of your iPod content. (Tap the status bar to scroll quickly to the top of a
list and reveal the search field.)
Search results appear automatically as you type. Tap Search to dismiss the keyboard
and see more of the results.
You can also use Spotlight to search for music. See “Searching” on page 37.
Using Genius on iPhone
Genius finds songs in your iTunes library that go great together. A Genius playlist is a
collection of songs that are picked for you to go with a song you choose from your
library. A Genius Mix is a selection of songs of the same kind of music. Genius Mixes
are recreated each time you listen to them, so they’re always new and fresh.
You can create Genius playlists in iTunes and sync them to iPhone. You can also create
and save Genius playlists directly on iPhone.
Chapter 6 iPod 79Genius Mixes are created in iTunes. iTunes creates different mixes depending on the
variety of music you have in your iTunes library. For example, you may have Genius
Mixes that highlight R&B songs, or Alternative Rock songs.
To use Genius on iPhone, first turn on Genius in iTunes, then sync iPhone with iTunes.
Genius Mixes are synced automatically, unless you manually manage your music and
choose which mixes you want to sync in iTunes. Genius is a free service, but requires
an iTunes Store account.
Genius Mixes require iTunes 9 or later. When you sync a Genius Mix, iTunes may select
and sync songs from your library that you haven’t otherwise chosen to sync.
Browse Genius Mixes: Tap Genius. The number of dots at the bottom of the screen
shows the number of mixes you’ve synced from iTunes, and indicates which mix you’re
viewing. Flick left or right to access your other mixes.
Play a Genius Mix: Tap the mix or tap .
Make a Genius playlist on iPhone:
1 Tap Playlists and tap Genius.
2 Tap a song in the list. Genius creates a playlist with additional songs that go great with
that song.
You can also make a Genius playlist of songs that go great with the song you’re
playing. From the Now Playing screen, tap the album cover to display additional
controls, then tap .
Save a Genius playlist: In the playlist, tap Save. The playlist is saved in Playlists with
the title of the song you picked.
You can make and save as many Genius playlists as you want. If you save a Genius
playlist created on iPhone, it syncs back to iTunes the next time you connect.
80 Chapter 6 iPodRefresh a Genius playlist: In the playlist, tap Refresh.
Refreshing a playlist creates a playlist of different songs that go great with the song
you picked. You can refresh any Genius playlist, whether it was created in iTunes and
synced to iPhone, or created directly on iPhone.
Create a Genius playlist from a new song: In the playlist, tap New, then pick a new
song.
Delete a saved Genius playlist: In a playlist that you saved directly on iPhone, tap Edit,
then tap Delete Playlist.
Once a Genius playlist is synced back to iTunes, you won’t be able to delete it directly
from iPhone. You can use iTunes to edit the playlist name, stop syncing, or delete the
playlist.
Making On-The-Go Playlists
Make an on-the-go playlist:
1 Tap Playlists and tap On-The-Go.
2 Browse for songs using the buttons at the bottom of the screen. Tap any song or video
to add it to the playlist. Tap Add All Songs at the top of any list of songs to add all the
songs in the list.
3 When you finish, tap Done.
When you make an on-the-go playlist and then sync iPhone to your computer, the
playlist is saved on iPhone and in your iTunes library, then deleted from iPhone. The
first is saved as “On-The-Go 1,” the second as “On-The-Go 2,” and so on. To put a playlist
back on iPhone, select iPhone in the iTunes sidebar, click the Music tab, and set the
playlist to sync.
Edit an on-the-go playlist: Tap Playlists, tap On-The-Go, tap Edit, then do one of the
following:
• To move a song higher or lower in the list, drag next to the song.
• To delete a song from the playlist, tap next to a song, then tap Delete. Deleting a
song from the on-the-go playlist doesn’t delete it from iPhone.
• To clear the entire playlist, tap Clear Playlist.
• To add more songs, tap .
Videos
With iPhone, you can view video content such as movies, music videos, and video
podcasts. If a video contains chapters, you can skip to the next or previous chapter,
or bring up a list and start playing at any chapter that you choose. If a video provides
alternate language features, you can choose an audio language or display subtitles.
Chapter 6 iPod 81Playing Videos
Play a video: Tap Videos and tap the video.
Display playback controls: Tap the screen to show the controls. Tap again to hide
them.
Controlling Video Playback
Videos play in widescreen to take full advantage of the display.
The scrubber bar lets you skip to any point along the timeline. You can adjust
the scrub rate by sliding your finger down as you drag the playhead along the
scrubber bar.
Scrubber bar Playhead
Play/Pause
Next/Fastforward
Scale
Restart/Rewind Volume
Lovers in Japan by Coldplay is available in the iTunes Store
Pause a video Tap , or press the center button on the iPhone
headset (or the equivalent button on your
Bluetooth headset).
Resume playback Tap , or press the center button on the iPhone
headset (or the equivalent button on your
Bluetooth headset).
Raise or lower the volume Drag the volume slider. You can also use
the volume buttons on the iPhone headset
(iPhone 3GS only).
Start a video over Drag the playhead on the scrubber bar all the
way to the left, or tap if the video doesn’t
contain chapters.
Skip to the next chapter (if available) Tap , or press the center button on the iPhone
headset (or the equivalent button on your
Bluetooth headset) twice quickly.
Go to the previous chapter (if available) Tap , or press the center button on the iPhone
headset (or the equivalent button on your
Bluetooth headset) three times quickly.
Start playing at a specific chapter (if available) Tap , then choose a chapter from the list.
82 Chapter 6 iPodRewind or fast-forward Touch and hold or .
Skip to any point in a video Drag the playhead along the scrubber bar. Slide
your finger down to adjust the scrub rate. The
scrub rate becomes slower the farther down you
slide your finger.
Stop watching a video before it finishes playing Tap Done. Or press the Home button.
Scale a video to fill the screen or fit to the
screen
Tap to make the video fill the screen. Tap
to make it fit the screen. You can also double-tap
the video to toggle between fitting and filling the
screen.
When you scale a video to fill the screen, the
sides or top may be cropped from view. When
you scale it to fit the screen, you may see black
bars on the sides or above and below the video.
Select an alternate audio language (if available) Tap , then choose a language from the Audio
list.
Show or hide subtitles (if available) Tap , then choose a language, or Off, from the
Subtitles list.
Searching Video
You can search the titles of movies, TV shows, and video podcasts you’ve synced to
iPhone.
Search video: Enter text in the search field at the top of the list of videos.
Search results appear automatically as you type. Tap Search to dismiss the keyboard
and see more of the results.
Watching Rented Movies
You can rent movies in standard (480p) definition from the iTunes Store and watch
them on iPhone. You can download rented movies directly to iPhone, or transfer them
from iTunes on your computer to iPhone. You can also transfer rented movies back to
iTunes from iPhone. (Rented movies aren’t available in all regions.)
The movie must be fully downloaded before you can start watching. You can pause
a download and resume it later. Rented movies expire after a certain number of days,
and once you start a movie you have a limited amount of time to finish watching it.
The time remaining appears near a movie’s title. Movies are automatically deleted
when they expire. Check the iTunes Store for the expiration time before renting
a movie.
Chapter 6 iPod 83Transfer rented movies to iPhone: Connect iPhone to your computer. Then select
iPhone in the iTunes sidebar, click Movies, and select the rented movies you want to
transfer. Your computer must be connected to the Internet.
View a rented movie: On iPhone, choose iPod > Videos and select a movie.
Watching Videos on a TV
You can connect iPhone to your TV and watch your videos on the large screen. Use the
Apple Component AV Cable, Apple Composite AV Cable, or other authorized iPhone
compatible cable. You can also use these cables with the Apple Universal Dock to
connect iPhone to your TV. (The Apple Universal Dock includes a remote that lets you
control playback from a distance.) Apple cables and docks are available for purchase
separately in many countries. Go to www.apple.com/ipodstore (not available in all
countries).
Deleting Videos from iPhone
You can delete videos from iPhone to save space.
Delete a video: In the videos list, swipe left or right over the video, then tap Delete.
When you delete a video (other than rented movies) from iPhone, it isn’t deleted from
your iTunes library and you can sync the video back to iPhone later. If you don’t want
to sync the video back to iPhone, set iTunes to not sync the video. See “What You
Need” on page 9.
Important: If you delete a rented movie from iPhone, it’s deleted permanently and
cannot be transferred back to your computer.
Setting a Sleep Timer
You can set iPhone to stop playing music or videos after a period of time.
Set a sleep timer: From the Home screen choose Clock > Timer, then flick to set the
number of hours and minutes. Tap When Timer Ends and choose Sleep iPod, tap Set,
then tap Start to start the timer.
When the timer ends, iPhone stops playing music or video, closes any other open
application, and then locks itself.
84 Chapter 6 iPodChanging the Browse Buttons
You can replace the browse buttons at the bottom of the screen with buttons you
use more frequently. For example, if you often listen to podcasts, you can replace the
Songs button with Podcasts.
Change the browse buttons: Tap More and tap Edit, then drag a button to the
bottom of the screen, over the button you want to replace.
You can drag the buttons at the bottom of the screen left or right to rearrange them.
Tap Done when you finish. Tap More at any time to access the buttons you replaced.
Chapter 6 iPod 85Messages
7
Sending and Receiving Messages
WARNING: For important information about driving safely, see the Important Product
Information Guide at www.apple.com/support/manuals/iphone.
Messages lets you exchange text messages with anyone using an SMS-capable phone.
Messages also supports MMS, so you can send photos, video clips (iPhone 3GS only),
contact information, and voice memos to other MMS-capable devices. You can enter
multiple addresses and send a message to several people at the same time.
Note: MMS is available only on iPhone 3G or later. SMS or MMS support may not be
available in all regions. Additional fees may apply for use of Messages. Contact your
carrier for complete information.
You can use Messages whenever you’re in range of the cellular network. If you can
make a call, you can send a message. Depending on your phone plan, you may be
charged for the messages you send or receive.
Send a message: Tap , then enter a phone number or name, or tap and choose a
contact from your contacts list. Tap the text field above the keyboard, type a message,
and tap Send.
The Messages icon on the Home screen shows the total number of unread messages
you have.
Number of
unread messages
86Your conversations are saved in the Messages list. Conversations that contain unread
messages have a blue dot next to them. Tap a conversation in the list to see that
conversation or add to it.
Text messages
you sent
Text messages
from the other
person
iPhone displays the 50 most recent messages in the conversation. To see earlier
messages, scroll to the top and tap Load Earlier Messages.
Send a message to more than one person: Tap , then add recipients. If you enter
a phone number manually (instead of selecting it from Contacts), tap Return before
entering another entry.
Replies from any of the recipients are sent only to you, not to the other people you
texted.
Reply or send a message to a person (or group) you’ve texted before: Tap an entry
in the Messages list, then type a new message in the conversation and tap Send.
Send a message to a favorite or to a recent call:
1 From the Home screen tap Phone, then tap Favorites or Recents.
2 Tap next to a name or number, then tap Text Message.
3 If multiple phone numbers appear, tap the one you want to text.
When MMS is available, Messages allows you to include a subject in your text
messages. You can turn this feature on or off in Messages settings. It is turned on by
default.
Include or remove the subject field: In Settings, tap Messages, then tap Show Subject
Field to turn it on or off.
Note: The subject field and the Show Subject Field setting don’t appear if MMS isn’t
supported by your carrier.
Chapter 7 Messages 87Turn MMS messaging on or off: In Settings, tap Messages, then tap MMS Messaging
to turn it on or off. You may want to turn MMS Messaging off, for example, to prevent
sending or receiving attachments when fees apply.
Note: The MMS Messaging setting doesn’t appear if MMS isn’t supported by your
carrier.
Sharing Photos and Videos
You can take a photo or make a video (iPhone 3GS only) from within Messages and
include it in your conversation with another MMS-capable device. You can save photos
or videos you receive in Messages to your Camera Roll album.
If MMS isn’t supported by your carrier, the button doesn’t appear and you can’t
send photos or videos.
Send a photo or video: Tap and tap “Take Photo or Video” (iPhone 3GS only; on
earlier models, tap “Take Photo”) or “Choose Existing” and select an item from a photo
album and tap Choose.
The limit to the size of attachments is determined by your carrier. If necessary, iPhone
may compress the photo or video. To learn about taking photos and videos, see
Chapter 10,“Camera,” on page 103.
Save a photo or video attachment to your Camera Roll album: Tap the photo or
video in the conversation, tap , then tap Save Image or Save Video.
Copy a photo or video: Touch and hold the attachment, then tap Copy. You can paste
the photo or video to an Mail message or another MMS message.
Sending Voice Memos
You can send voice memos in a message to another MMS-capable device.
Send a voice memo: In Voice Memos, tap , tap the voice memo you want to send,
then tap Share and tap MMS. Address the message and tap Send.
88 Chapter 7 MessagesEditing Conversations
If you want to keep a conversation but not the entire thread, you can delete the parts
you don’t want. You can also delete entire conversations from the Messages list.
Edit a conversation: Tap Edit. Tap the circles along the left side to select the parts of
the conversation you want to delete, then tap Delete. When you’re finished, tap Done.
Clear all text and files, without deleting the conversation: Tap Edit, then tap Clear All.
Tap Clear Conversation to confirm.
Forward a conversation: Select a conversation, then tap Edit. Tap the circles on the
left side of the screen to select the parts of the conversation you want to include,
then tap Forward, enter one or more recipients, and tap Send.
Delete a conversation: Tap Edit, then tap next to the conversation and tap Delete.
You can also swipe left or right over the conversation and tap Delete.
To show the
Delete button,
swipe left or right
over the message.
Using Contact Information and Links
Call or email someone you’ve texted: Tap a message in the Text Messages list and
scroll to the top of the conversation. (Tap the status bar to scroll quickly to the top of
the screen.)
• To call the person, tap Call.
• To email the person, tap Contact Info, then tap an email address.
Follow a link in a message: Tap the link.
A link may open a webpage in Safari, initiate a phone call in Phone, open a
preaddressed message in Mail, or display a location in Maps. To return to your text
messages, press the Home button and tap Messages.
Add someone you’ve texted to your contacts list: Tap a phone number in the
Messages list, then tap “Add to Contacts.”
Send contact information: In Contacts, tap the person whose information you want
to share. Tap Share Contact at the bottom of the screen, then tap MMS. Address the
message and tap Send.
Save contact information received: Tap the contact bubble in the conversation and
tap Create New Contact or “Add to Existing Contact.”
Chapter 7 Messages 89Managing Previews and Alerts
By default, iPhone displays a preview of new messages when iPhone is locked or you
are using another application. You can turn this preview on or off in Settings. You can
also enable alerts for text messages.
Turn previews on or off: In Settings, choose Messages and tap Show Preview.
Repeat previews: In Settings, choose Messages and tap Repeat Alert. If you don’t
respond to the first preview of a new message, the preview will be displayed twice
more.
Set whether an alert sounds when you get a text message or preview: In Settings,
choose Sounds, then tap New Text Message. Tap the alert sound you want, or None if
you don’t want an audible alert.
Important: If the Ring/Silent switch is off, text alerts won’t sound.
90 Chapter 7 MessagesCalendar
8
About Calendar
Calendar lets you view individual calendars for your different accounts or a combined
calendar for all accounts. You can view your events in a continuous list, by day, or by
month, and search events by title, invitee, or location.
You can sync iPhone with the calendars on your computer. You can also make, edit,
or cancel appointments on iPhone, and have them synced back to your computer.
You can subscribe to Google, Yahoo!, or Mac OS X iCal calendars using a CalDAV or
iCalendar (.ics) account. If you have a Microsoft Exchange account, you can receive and
respond to meeting invitations.
Syncing Calendars
You can sync Calendar in either of the following ways:
• In iTunes, use the iPhone preference panes to sync with iCal or Microsoft Entourage
on a Mac, or Microsoft Outlook 2003 or 2007 on a PC when you connect iPhone to
your computer. See “Syncing” on page 11.
• In Settings on iPhone, select Calendar in your MobileMe or Microsoft Exchange
accounts to sync your calendar information over the air. See “Setting Up
Accounts” on page 16.
91Viewing Your Calendar
You can view individual calendars for your different accounts or a combined calendar
for all accounts.
View a different calendar: Tap Calendars, then select a calendar. Tap All Calendars to
view combined events from all calendars.
You can view your calendar events in a list, by day, or by month. The events for all of
your synced calendars appear in the same calendar on iPhone.
Switch views: Tap List, Day, or Month.
• List view: All your appointments and events appear in a scrollable list.
• Day view: Scroll up or down to see the events in a day. Tap or to see the
previous or next day’s events.
• Month view: Tap a day to see its events. Tap or to see the previous or next
month.
Add an event
Days with dots
have scheduled
events
Go to today Switch views
Respond to
calendar invitation
Events for
selected day
See the details of an event: Tap the event.
Set iPhone to adjust event times for a selected time zone:
1 In Settings, choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars.”
2 Under Calendars, tap Time Zone Support, then turn Time Zone Support on.
3 Tap Time Zone and search for a major city in the time zone you want.
When Time Zone Support is on, Calendar displays event dates and times in the time
zone of the city you selected. When Time Zone Support is off, Calendar displays events
in the time zone of your current location as determined by the network time.
92 Chapter 8 CalendarSearching Calendars
You can search the titles, invitees, and locations of the events in your calendars.
Calendar searches the calendar you’re currently viewing, or all calendars if you’re
viewing them all.
Search events: In list view, enter text in the search field.
Search results appear automatically as you type. Tap Search to dismiss the keyboard
and see more results.
Subscribing to and Sharing Calendars
You can subscribe to calendars that use the CalDAV or iCalendar (.ics) formats. Many
calendar-based services, including Yahoo!, Google, and the Mac OS X iCal application,
support either format.
Subscribed calendars are read only. You can read events from subscribed calendars on
iPhone, but can’t edit them or create new events. You also can’t accept invitations from
CalDAV accounts.
Subscribe to a CalDAV or .ics calendar:
1 In Settings, choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars,” then tap Add Account.
2 Choose Other, then choose either Add CalDAV Account or Add Subscribed Calendar.
3 Enter your account information, then tap Next to verify the account.
4 Tap Save.
Apple provides links to a number of free iCal calendars—for national holidays or
sports events, for example—that you may want to subscribe to. The calendars are
automatically added to iCal on your desktop when you download them. You can
then sync them to iPhone as described in “Subscribing to and Sharing Calendars” on
page 93. Go to /www.apple.com/downloads/macosx/calendars.
Chapter 8 Calendar 93You can also subscribe to an iCal (or other .ics) calendar published on the web by
tapping a link to the calendar you receive in an email or text message on iPhone.
Adding Calendar Events to iPhone
You can also enter and edit calendar events directly on iPhone.
Add an event: Tap and enter event information, then tap Done.
You can enter any of the following:
• Title
• Location
• Starting and ending times (or turn on All-day if it’s an all-day event)
• Repeat times—none, or every day, week, two weeks, month, or year
• Alert time—from five minutes to two days before the event
When you set an alert, the option to set a second alert appears. When an alert
goes off, iPhone displays a message. You can also set iPhone to play a sound
(see “Alerts” on page 96).
Important: Some carriers don’t support network time in all locations. If you’re
traveling, iPhone may not alert you at the correct local time. To manually set the
correct time, see “Date and Time” on page 147.
• Notes
To select which calendar to add the event to, tap Calendar. Read-only calendars don’t
appear in the list.
Edit an event Tap the event, then tap Edit.
Delete an event Tap the event, tap Edit, then scroll down and tap
Delete Event.
94 Chapter 8 CalendarResponding to Meeting Invitations
If you have a Microsoft Exchange account set up on iPhone with Calendars enabled,
you can receive and respond to meeting invitations from people in your organization.
When you receive an invitation, the meeting appears in your calendar with a dotted
line around it. The icon in the lower-right corner of the screen indicates the total
number of new invitations you have, as does the Calendar icon on the Home screen.
Number of
meeting invitations
Respond to an invitation in Calendar:
1 Tap a meeting invitation in the calendar, or tap to display the Event screen and tap
an invitation.
• Tap “Invitation from” to get contact information for the meeting organizer.
Tap the email address to send a message to the organizer. If the organizer is
in your contacts, you can also tap to call or send a text message.
Chapter 8 Calendar 95• Tap Attendees to see the other people invited to the meeting. Tap a name to see
an attendee’s contact information. Tap the email address to send a message to the
attendee. If the attendee is in your contacts, you can also tap to call or send a text
message.
• Tap Alert to set iPhone to sound an alert before the meeting.
• Tap Add Comments to add comments in the email response to the meeting
organizer. You comments will also appear in your Info screen for the meeting.
Notes are made by the meeting organizer.
2 Tap Accept, Maybe, or Decline.
When you accept, tentatively accept, or decline the invitation, a response email that
includes any comments you added is sent to the organizer.
If you accept or tentatively accept the meeting, you can change your response later.
Tap Add Comments if you want to change your comments.
Exchange meeting invitations are also sent in an email message, which lets you open
the meeting’s Info screen from Mail.
Open a meeting invitation in an email message: Tap the invitation.
Alerts
Set calendar alerts: In Settings, choose Sounds, then turn Calendar Alerts on.
If Calendar Alerts is off when an event is about to occur, iPhone displays a message
but makes no sound.
Important: If the Ring/Silent switch is off, calendar alerts won’t sound.
Sound alerts for invitations: In Settings, choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendar.”
Under Calendars, tap New Invitation Alert to turn it on.
96 Chapter 8 CalendarPhotos
9
About Photos
iPhone lets you carry photos and videos with you, so you can share them with your
family, friends, and associates. You can sync photos and videos (Mac only) from your
computer, view photos and videos (iPhone 3GS only) taken with the built-in camera,
use photos as wallpaper, and assign photos to identify contacts when they call.
You can also send photos and videos in email messages, send photos and videos
(iPhone 3GS only) in MMS messages, and upload photos and videos to MobileMe
galleries.
Note: MMS is available only on iPhone 3G or later and if supported by your carrier.
Syncing Photos and Videos with Your Computer
iTunes can sync your photos and videos (Mac only) with the following applications:
• Mac: iPhoto 4.0.3 or later, or Aperture
• PC: Adobe Photoshop Elements 3.0 or later
See “Syncing with iTunes” on page 12.
iPhone supports H.264 and MPEG-4 video formats, with AAC audio. If you are having
trouble syncing a video to iPhone, you might be able to use iTunes to create an iPhone
version of the video.
Create an iPhone version of a video:
1 Copy the video to your iTunes library.
2 In iTunes, select Movies in the Library list and select the video you want to sync.
3 Choose Advanced > “Create iPod or iPhone Version.”
For additional information, go to support.apple.com/kb/HT1211.
97Viewing Photos and Videos
Photos and videos (Mac only) synced from your computer’s photo application can
be viewed in Photos. You can also view the photos and videos (iPhone 3GS only)
you’ve taken with iPhone’s built-in camera or saved from an email or MMS message
(iPhone 3GS only).
View photos and videos:
1 In Photos, tap a photo album.
2 Tap a thumbnail to see the photo or video in full screen.
Show or hide the controls: Tap the full-screen photo or video to show the controls.
Tap again to hide the controls.
Play a video: Tap in the center of the screen.
To replay a video, tap at the bottom of the screen. If you don’t see , tap the screen
to show the controls.
View a photo or video in landscape orientation: Rotate iPhone sideways. The photo
or video reorients automatically and, if it’s in landscape format, expands to fit the
screen.
98 Chapter 9 PhotosZoom in on part of a photo: Double-tap where you want to zoom in. Double-tap
again to zoom out. You can also pinch to zoom in or out.
View video in full screen, or fit video to screen: Double tap the screen to scale the
video to fill the screen. Double-tap again to fit the video to the screen.
Pan around a photo: Drag the photo.
See the next or previous photo or video: Flick left or right. Or tap the screen to show
the controls, then tap or .
Slideshows
You can view photo albums as slideshows, complete with background music.
View a photo album as a slideshow: Tap an album, then tap .
Videos play automatically when they appear during the slideshow.
Stop a slideshow: Tap the screen.
Set slideshow settings: In Settings, choose Photos and set the following options:
• To set the length of time each slide is shown, tap Play Each Slide For and choose a time.
• To set transition effects when moving from photo to photo, tap Transition and choose a
transition type.
• To set whether slideshows repeat, turn Repeat on or off.
• To set whether photos and videos are shown in random order, turn Shuffle on or off.
Chapter 9 Photos 99Play music during a slideshow: In iPod, play a song, then choose Photos from the
Home screen and start a slideshow.
Sharing Photos and Videos
You can send photos and videos in email and MMS messages, add photos and videos
to MobileMe galleries, and publish videos to YouTube. You can also copy and paste
photos and videos, save photos and videos from email messages to Photos, and save
images from webpages to Photos.
Note: MMS is available only on iPhone 3G or later and if supported by your carrier.
MMS video attachments are supported only on iPhone 3GS.
Sending a Photo or Video in an Email or MMS Message
Send a photo or video: Choose a photo or video and tap , then tap Email Photo/
Video or MMS.
If you don’t see , tap the screen to show the controls.
The limit to the size of attachments is determined by your carrier. If necessary, iPhone
may compress the photo or video. To learn about taking photos and videos, see
Chapter 10,“Camera,” on page 103.
Copying and Pasting Photos and Videos
You can copy a photo or video from Photos and paste it to an email or MMS message.
Some third-party applications may also support copying and pasting photos and
videos.
Copy a photo or video: Hold your finger on the screen until the Copy button appears,
then tap Copy.
Paste a photo or video: Tap to place an insertion point where you want to place the
photo or video, then tap the insertion point and tap Paste.
Adding a Photo or Video to a MobileMe Gallery
If you have a MobileMe account, you can add photos and videos (iPhone 3GS only)
directly from iPhone to a gallery you’ve created. You can also add photos and videos to
someone else’s MobileMe gallery if that person has enabled email contributions.
Before you can add photos or videos to a gallery in your MobileMe account, you must:
• Set up your MobileMe account on iPhone
• Publish a MobileMe gallery, and allow adding photos via email or iPhone
For more information about creating a gallery and adding photos and videos to it,
see MobileMe Help.
100 Chapter 9 PhotosAdd a photo or video to your gallery: Choose a photo or video and tap , then tap
“Send to MobileMe.” Enter a title and description, if you like, then select the album to
add the photo or video to and tap Publish.
If you don’t see , tap the screen to show the controls.
iPhone tells you when the photo or video has been published, and gives you options
to view it on MobileMe or email a link to a friend.
Adding a photo or video to someone else’s gallery: Choose a photo or video and tap
, then tap “Email Photo/Video.” Enter the album’s email address, then click Send.
Publishing Videos to YouTube
If you have a YouTube account, you can publish videos directly from iPhone to
YouTube (iPhone 3GS only). You can’t publish videos longer than than ten minutes.
Publish a video to You Tube:
1 While viewing a video, tap , then tap “Send to YouTube.”
2 Sign in to your YouTube account.
3 Enter publishing information such as Title, Description, and Tags.
4 Tap Category to choose a category.
5 Tap Publish.
Saving Photos and Videos from Email Messages, MMS Messages,
and Webpages
Save a photo in an email message to your Camera Roll album: Tap the photo,
then tap Save Image. If the photo hasn’t been downloaded yet, tap the download
notice first.
Save a video in an email message to your Camera Roll album: Touch and hold the
attachment, then tap Save Video. If the video hasn’t been downloaded yet, tap the
download notice first.
Save a photo on a webpage to your Camera Roll album: Touch and hold the photo,
then tap Save Image.
Save a photo or video in an MMS message to your Camera Roll album: Tap the
image in the conversation, tap , and tap Save Image or Save Video.
If you don’t see , tap the screen to show the controls.
You can download the photos and videos in your Camera Roll album to your
computer’s photo application by connecting iPhone to your computer.
Chapter 9 Photos 101Assigning a Photo to a Contact
You can assign a photo to a contact. When that person calls, iPhone displays the photo.
Assign a photo to a contact:
1 Choose Camera from the Home screen and take someone’s picture. Or choose any
photo already on iPhone and tap .
2 Tap “Assign to Contact” and choose a contact.
3 Position and size the photo until it looks the way you want.
Drag the photo to pan, and pinch to zoom in or out.
4 Tap Set Photo.
You can also assign a photo to a contact in Contacts by tapping Edit and then tapping
the picture icon.
Wallpaper
You see a wallpaper background picture as you unlock iPhone or when you’re on a call
with someone you don’t have a high-resolution photo for.
Set a photo as wallpaper:
1 Choose any photo and tap , then tap Use As Wallpaper.
2 Drag the photo to pan, or pinch the photo to zoom in or out, until it looks the way
you want.
3 Tap Set Wallpaper.
You can also choose from several wallpaper pictures included with iPhone by choosing
Settings > Wallpaper > Wallpaper from the Home screen.
102 Chapter 9 PhotosCamera
10
About Camera
With the built-in camera, it’s easy to take photos and record videos with iPhone.
The lens is on the back of iPhone, so you can use the screen to see the photo or video
you’re taking. “Tap to focus” (iPhone 3GS only) lets you focus on a specific area of your
shot and automatically adjust the exposure. You can quickly review—and keep or
delete—photos and videos you’ve taken.
Note: Video features are available only on iPhone 3GS.
Camera photos are tagged with location data, including your current geographical
coordinates provided by the built-in compass (iPhone 3GS only), if Location Services
is turned on. You can use location data with some applications and photo-sharing
websites to track and post where you took your pictures. If Location Services is turned
off, you’ll be prompted to turn it on. If you don’t want to include location data with
your photos and videos, you can still use Camera without having Location Services
turned on. See “Location Services” on page 144.
103Taking Photos and Recording Videos
Taking photos and recording videos with iPhone is as easy as point and tap.
Photo/Video switch
Focus area
Thumbnail of
last shot
Click to
take photo
Take a photo: Aim iPhone and tap .
Make sure the Camera/Video switch is set to .
When you take a photo or start a video recording, iPhone makes a shutter sound.
The sound isn’t played if you’ve set the Ring/Silent switch to silent. See “Sounds and
the Ring/Silent Switch” on page 141.
Note: In some regions, the sound effects for Camera are played even if the Ring/Silent
switch is set to silent.
Record a video: Slide the Camera/Video switch to . Tap to start recording.
The record button blinks while Camera is recording. Tap again to stop recording.
You can also press the center button on the iPhone headset (or the equivalent button
on your Bluetooth headset) to start and stop recording.
If you take a picture or record a video with iPhone rotated sideways, the picture is
saved in landscape orientation.
A rectangle on the screen shows the area where Camera is focusing the shot.
Change the focus area and set exposure: Tap where you want to focus. Camera
automatically adjusts the exposure for the selected area of the image.
Review a photo or video you’ve just taken: Tap the thumbnail of your last shot, in the
lower-left corner of the screen.
Delete a photo or video: Tap . If you don’t see , tap the screen to display the
controls.
104 Chapter 10 CameraTake a screenshot of the iPhone display: Quickly press and release the Sleep/
Wake and Home buttons at the same time. A flash of the screen lets you know the
screenshot was taken. The screenshot is added to the Camera Roll album.
Viewing and Sharing Photos and Videos
The photos and videos you take with Camera are saved in the Camera Roll album on
iPhone. You can view the Camera Roll album from either Camera or Photos.
View photos and videos in the Camera Roll album: In Camera, tap the thumbnail
image in the lower-left corner of the screen. In Photos, tap the Camera Roll album.
Tap the left or right button, or flick left or right to flip through the photos and videos.
When viewing a photo or video in the Camera Roll album, tap the screen to display
the controls.
For more information about viewing and sharing photos and videos, see:
• “Viewing Photos and Videos” on page 98
• “Sharing Photos and Videos” on page 100
Trimming Videos
You can trim the frames from the beginning and end of videos that you record.
You can trim the original video or save the trim as a new clip.
Chapter 10 Camera 105Trim a video:
1 While viewing a video, tap the screen to display the controls.
2 Drag either end of the frame viewer at the top of the video, then tap Trim.
3 Tap Trim Original or tap Save as New Clip.
Important: Trimming the original video permanently deletes the frames you edit from
the video.
New clips are saved in the Camera Roll album along with the original video.
Uploading Photos and Videos to Your Computer
You can upload the photos and videos you take with Camera to photo applications on
your computer, such as iPhoto on a Mac.
Upload images to your computer: Connect iPhone to your computer.
• Mac: Select the photos you want and click the Import or Download button in
iPhoto or other supported photo application on your computer.
• PC: Follow the instructions that came with your camera or photo application.
If you delete the photos and videos from iPhone when you upload them to your
computer, they’re removed from the Camera Roll album. You can use the iTunes
Photos setup pane to sync photos and videos (Mac only, iTunes 9 or later required)
back to the Photos application on iPhone. See “iPhone Settings Panes in iTunes” on
page 13.
106 Chapter 10 CameraYouTube
11
Finding and Viewing Videos
YouTube features short videos submitted by people from around the world. To use
some features on iPhone, you need to sign in to a YouTube account when prompted.
For information about requirements and how to get a YouTube account, go to
www.youtube.com.
Note: YouTube isn’t available in all languages and locations.
Browse videos: Tap Featured, Most Viewed, or Favorites. Or tap More to browse by
Most Recent, Top Rated, History, Subscriptions, or Playlists.
• Featured: Videos reviewed and featured by YouTube staff.
• Most Viewed: Videos most seen by YouTube viewers. Tap All for all-time most viewed
videos, or Today or This Week for most-viewed videos of the day or week.
• Favorites: Videos you’ve added to Favorites. When you sign in to a YouTube account,
account favorites appear and any existing favorites can be synced to your account.
• Most Recent: Videos most recently submitted to YouTube.
• Top Rated: Videos most highly rated by YouTube viewers. To rate videos, go to
www.youtube.com.
• History: Videos you’ve viewed most recently.
• Subscriptions: Videos from YouTube accounts to which you’ve subscribed. You must
be signed in to a YouTube account to use this feature.
• Playlists: Videos you’ve added to playlists. You must be signed in to a YouTube
account to use this feature.
Search for a video:
1 Tap Search, then tap the YouTube search field.
2 Type a word or phrase that describes what you’re looking for, then tap Search.
107YouTube shows results based on video titles, descriptions, tags, and user names. Listed
videos show title, rating, number of views, length, and the account name that posted
the video.
Play a video: Tap the video.
The video begins to download to iPhone and a progress bar appears. When enough of
the video has downloaded, it begins to play. You can also tap to start the video.
Controlling Video Playback
When a video starts playing, the controls disappear so they don’t obscure the video.
Show or hide the video controls: Tap the screen.
Next/
Fast-forward
Play/Pause
Email
Scale
Download progress
Volume
Playhead Scrubber bar
Bookmark Previous/rewind
Play or pause a video Tap or . You can also press the center button
on the iPhone headset (or the equivalent button
on your Bluetooth headset).
Adjust the volume Drag the volume slider, or use the volume
buttons on the side of iPhone. You can also use
the volume buttons on the iPhone headset
(iPhone 3GS only).
Start a video over Tap .
Skip to the next or previous video in a list Tap twice to skip to the previous video.
Tap to skip to the next video.
Rewind or fast-forward Touch and hold or .
Skip to any point in a video Drag the playhead along the scrubber bar.
Stop watching a video before it finishes playing Tap Done, or press the Home button.
Toggle between scaling a video to fill the screen
or fit to the screen
Double-tap the video. You can also tap to
make the video fill the screen, or tap to make
it fit the screen.
Add a video to Favorites using video controls Start playing a video and tap .
Email a link to the video using video controls Start playing a video and tap .
108 Chapter 11 YouTubeManaging Videos
Tap next to a video to see related videos and more controls for managing videos.
Add the video to Favorites Tap “Add to Favorites.”
Add the video to a playlist Tap “Add to Playlist,” then select an existing
playlist or tap to create a new playlist.
Email a link to the video Tap Share Video.
Browse and view related videos Tap a video in the list of related videos to view,
or tap next to a video for more information.
Getting More Information
Tap next to the video to show the video’s comments, description, date added,
and other information.
Chapter 11 YouTube 109Rate the video or add a comment On the More Info screen, tap “Rate, Comment, or
Flag,” then choose “Rate or Comment.” You must
be signed in to a YouTube account to use this
feature.
See more videos from this account On the More Info screen, tap More Videos.
Subscribe to this YouTube account On the More Info screen, tap More Videos, then
tap “Subscribe to ” at the bottom of
the video list. You must be signed in to a YouTube
account to use this feature.
Using YouTube Account Features
If you have a YouTube account, you can access account features such as subscriptions,
comments and ratings, and playlists. To create a YouTube account, go to
www.youtube.com.
Show favorites you’ve added to your account: In Favorites, tap Sign In, then enter
your username and password to see your account favorites. Any existing favorites
you’ve added to iPhone can be merged with your account favorites when you sign in.
Delete a favorite: In Favorites, tap Edit, tap next to a video, then tap Delete.
Show subscriptions you’ve added to your account: In Subscriptions, tap Sign In, then
enter your username and password to see your account subscriptions. Tap an account
in the list to see all videos for that account.
Unsubscribe from a YouTube account: In Subscriptions, tap an account in the list,
then tap Unsubscribe.
View playlists: In Playlists, tap a playlist to see the list of videos you’ve added. Tap any
video in the playlist to begin playing videos from that point in the playlist.
Edit a playlist: In Playlists, tap Edit, then do one of the following:
• To delete the entire playlist, tap next to a playlist, then tap Delete.
• To create a new playlist, tap , then enter a name for the playlist.
Add a video to a playlist: Tap next to a video, then tap “Add to Playlist” and choose
a playlist.
Delete a video from a playlist:
1 In Playlists, tap a playlist, then tap Edit.
2 Tap next to a playlist, then tap Delete.
110 Chapter 11 YouTubeChanging the Browse Buttons
You can replace the Featured, Most Viewed, Bookmarks, and Search buttons at the
bottom of the screen with ones you use more frequently. For example, if you watch
top rated videos often but don’t watch many featured videos, you could replace the
Featured button with Top Rated.
Change the browse buttons: Tap More and tap Edit, then drag a button to the
bottom of the screen, over the button you want to replace.
You can drag the buttons at the bottom of the screen left or right to rearrange them.
When you finish, tap Done.
When you’re browsing for videos, tap More to access the browse buttons that aren’t
visible.
Sending Videos to YouTube
If you have a YouTube account, you can send videos directly from iPhone 3GS to
YouTube. See “Publishing Videos to YouTube” on page 101.
Chapter 11 YouTube 111Stocks
12
Viewing Stock Quotes
Stocks lets you see the latest available quotes for your selected stocks, funds, and
indexes.
Quotes are updated every time you open Stocks when connected to the Internet.
Quotes may be delayed by up to 20 minutes or more depending upon the reporting
service.
Add a stock, fund, or index to the stock reader:
1 Tap , then tap .
2 Enter a symbol, company name, fund name, or index, then tap Search.
3 Select an item from the search results and tap Done.
View charts in landscape orientation: Rotate iPhone sideways. Flick left or right to
view the other charts in your stock reader.
Show the progress of a stock, fund, or index over time: Tap the stock, fund, or index
in your list, then tap 1d, 1w, 1m, 3m, 6m, 1y, or 2y. The chart adjusts to show progress
over one day, one week, one month, three months, six months, one year, or two years.
When you’re viewing a chart in landscape orientation, you can touch the chart to
display the value for a specific point in time.
112Use two fingers to see the change in value over a specific period of time.
Delete a stock: Tap and tap next to a stock, then tap Delete.
Change the order of the list: Tap . Then drag next to a stock or index to a new
place in the list.
Switch the display to percentage change, price change, or market capitalization:
Tap any of the values along the right side of the screen. Tap again to switch to another
view. Or tap and tap %, Price, or Mkt Cap, then tap Done.
Getting More Information
See the summary, chart, or news page about a stock, fund, or index: Select the stock,
fund, or index in your list, then flick the pages underneath the stock reader to view the
summary, chart, or recent news page.
On the news page, you can scroll up and down to read headlines, or tap a headline to
view the article in Safari.
See more information at Yahoo.com: Select the stock, fund, or index in your list,
then tap .
Chapter 12 Stocks 113Maps
13
Finding and Viewing Locations
WARNING: For important information about driving and navigating safely, see the
Important Product Information Guide at www.apple.com/support/manuals/iphone.
Maps provides street maps, satellite photos, a hybrid view, and street views of locations
in many of the world’s countries. You can get detailed driving, public transit, or walking
directions and traffic information. Find and track your current (approximate) location,
and use your current location to get driving directions to or from another place. The
built-in digital compass lets you see which way you’re facing. (iPhone 3GS only).
Important: Maps, digital compass (iPhone 3GS only), directions, and location-based
applications provided by Apple depend on data collected and services provided by
third parties. These data services are subject to change and may not be available in
all geographic areas, resulting in maps, compass headings, directions, or locationbased information that may be unavailable, inaccurate, or incomplete. Compare the
information provided on iPhone to your surroundings and defer to posted signs to
resolve any discrepancies. In order to provide your location, data is collected in a form
that doesn’t personally identify you. If you don’t want such data collected, don’t use
the feature. Not using this feature won’t impact the non–location-based functionality
of your iPhone.
Find a location and see a map:
1 Tap the search field to bring up the keyboard.
2 Type an address, intersection, area, landmark, bookmark, contact, or zip code.
3 Tap Search.
114A pin marks the location. Tap the pin to see the name or description of the location.
Tap to get
information about
the location, get
directions, add the
location to your
bookmarks or
contacts list, or
email a link to
Google Maps.
Locations can include places of interest added by Google My Maps users (“Usercreated content”), and sponsored links that appear as special icons (for example, ).
Zoom in to a part of a map Pinch the map with two fingers. Or double-tap
the part you want to zoom in on. Double-tap
again to zoom in even closer.
Zoom out Pinch the map. Or tap the map with two fingers.
Tap with two fingers again to zoom out further.
Pan or scroll to another part of the map Drag up, down, left, or right.
Find your current location and turn tracking mode on: Tap .
Chapter 13 Maps 115Your current (approximate) location is indicated by a blue marker. If your location can’t
be determined precisely, a blue circle also appears around the marker. The size of the
circle depends on how precisely your location can be determined—the smaller the
circle, the greater the precision.
As you move around, iPhone updates your location, adjusting the map so that the
location indicator remains in the center of the screen. If you tap again or drag the
map, iPhone continues to update your location but stops centering it, so the location
information may move off the screen.
iPhone uses Location Services to determine your location. Location Services uses
available information from cellular network data, local Wi-Fi networks (if you have Wi-Fi
turned on), and GPS ( iPhone 3G or later; GPS not available in all locations). This feature
isn’t available in all areas.
If Location Services is turned off, you’ll be prompted to turn it on. You can’t find and
track your current location if Location Services is turned off. See “Location Services” on
page 144.
To conserve battery life, turn Location Services off when you’re not using it. In Settings,
choose General > Location Services.
Get information about your current location: Tap the blue marker, then tap .
iPhone displays the address of your current location, if available. You can use this
information to:
• Get directions
• Add the location to contacts
• Send the address via email or MMS (iPhone 3G or later)
• Bookmark the location
116 Chapter 13 MapsShow which way you’re facing (iPhone 3GS only): Tap again. (The icon changes to
.) Maps uses the built-in compass to determine which way you’re facing. The angle
shows the accuracy of the compass reading—the smaller the angle, the greater the
accuracy.
Maps uses true north to determine your heading, even if you have magnetic north
set in Compass. If the compass needs calibrating, iPhone asks you to wave the phone
in a figure eight. If there’s interference, you may be asked to move from the source of
interference. See Chapter 22,“Compass,” on page 173.
Use the dropped pin: Tap , then tap Drop Pin.
A pin drops down on the map, which you can then drag to any location you choose.
Replace the pin: Tap , then tap Replace Pin. iPhone drops the pin in the area you’re
currently viewing.
Chapter 13 Maps 117See a satellite or hybrid view: Tap , then tap Satellite or Hybrid to see just a satellite
view or a combined street map and satellite view.
To return to map view, tap Map.
See the Google Street View of a location: Tap . Flick left or right to pan through
the 360° panoramic view. (The inset shows your current view.) Tap an arrow to move
down the street.
Tap to return to map view
To return to map view, tap the map inset in the lower-right corner. Street View isn’t
available in all areas.
118 Chapter 13 MapsSee the location of someone’s address in your
contacts list
Tap in the search field, then tap Contacts
and choose a contact.
To locate an address in this way, the contact
must include at least one address. If the contact
has more than one address, choose the one you
want to locate. You can also find the location of
an address by tapping the address directly in
Contacts.
Add a location to your contacts list Find a location, tap the pin that points to it, tap
next to the name or description, tap “Add to
Contacts,” then tap “Create New Contact” or “Add
to Existing Contact.”
Email a link to a Google Maps location Find a location, tap the pin that points to it, tap
next to the name or description, then tap
Share Location and tap Email.
Send a link via MMS to a Google Maps location Find a location, tap the pin that points to it, tap
next to the name or description, then tap
Share Location and tap MMS (iPhone 3G or later).
Bookmarking Locations
You can bookmark locations that you want to find again later.
Bookmark a location: Find a location, tap the pin that points to it, tap next to the
name or description, then tap “Add to Bookmarks” at the bottom of the Info screen.
See a bookmarked location or recently viewed location: Tap in the search field,
then tap Bookmarks or Recents.
Getting Directions
You can get step-by-step directions for driving, taking public transit, or walking to a
destination.
Get directions:
1 Tap Directions.
2 Enter starting and ending locations in the Start and End fields. By default, iPhone starts
with your current approximate location (if available). Tap in either field to choose a
location in Bookmarks (including your current approximate location and the dropped
pin, if available), Recents, or Contacts.
For example, if a friend’s address is in your contacts list, you can tap Contacts and tap
your friend’s name instead of having to type the address.
To reverse the directions, tap .
Chapter 13 Maps 1193 Tap Route (if you entered locations manually), then select driving ( ), public transit ( ),
or walking ( ) directions.
The travel options available depend on the route.
4 Do one of the following:
• To view directions one step at a time, tap Start, then tap to see the next leg of the
trip. Tap to go back.
• To view all the directions in a list, tap , then tap List. Tap any item in the list to see
a map showing that leg of the trip. Tap Route Overview to return to the overview
screen.
If you’re driving or walking, the approximate distance and travel time appear at the top
of the screen. If traffic data is available, the driving time is adjusted accordingly.
If you’re taking public transit, the overview screen shows each leg of the trip and the
mode of transportation, including where you need to walk. The top of the screen
shows the time of the bus or train at the first stop, the estimated arrival time, and the
total fare. Tap to set your departure or arrival time, and to choose a schedule for
the trip. Tap the icon at a stop to see the departure time for that bus or train, and to
get a link to the transit provider’s website or contact info. When you tap Start and step
through the route, detailed information about each leg of the trip appears at the top
of the screen.
You can also get directions by finding a location on the map, tapping the pin that
points to it, tapping , then tapping Directions To Here or Directions From Here.
Switch start and end points, for reverse directions: Tap .
If you don’t see , tap List, then tap Edit.
See recently viewed directions: Tap in the search field, then tap Recents.
120 Chapter 13 MapsShowing Traffic Conditions
When available, you can show highway traffic conditions on the map.
Show or hide traffic conditions: Tap , then tap Show Traffic or Hide Traffic.
Highways are color-coded according to the flow of traffic:
Green = more than
50 miles per hour
Yellow = 25–50
miles per hour
Gray = no data
currently available
Red = less than 25
miles per hour
If you don’t see color-coded highways, you may need to zoom out to a level where you
can see major roads, or traffic conditions may not be available for that area.
Finding and Contacting Businesses
Find businesses in an area:
1 Find a location—for example, a city and state or country, or a street address—or scroll
to a location on a map.
2 Type the kind of business in the text field and tap Search.
Pins appear for matching locations. For example, if you locate your city and then type
“movies” and tap Search, pins mark movie theatres in your city.
Tap the pin that marks a business to see its name or description.
Find businesses without finding the location first: Type things like:
• restaurants san francisco ca
• apple inc new york
Contact a business or get directions: Tap the pin that marks a business, then tap
next to the name.
From there, you can do the following:
• Tap a phone number to call, an email address to send email to, or a web address to
visit.
• For directions, tap Directions To Here or Directions From Here.
Chapter 13 Maps 121• To add the business to your contacts list, scroll down and tap “Create New Contact”
or “Add to Existing Contact.”
• Share the location of the business by email or text message
See a list of the businesses found in the search: From the Map screen, tap List.
Tap a business to see its location. Or tap next to a business to see its information.
Get
directions
Visit
website
Tap to show
contact info
Call
122 Chapter 13 MapsWeather
14
Viewing Weather Summaries
Tap Weather from the Home screen to get the current temperature and six-day
forecast for one or more cities around the world.
Six-day forecast
Current temperature
Current conditions
Add and delete cities
Number of cities stored
Today’s high and low
If the weather board is light blue, it’s daytime in that city—between 6:00 a.m. and 6:00
p.m. If the board is dark purple, it’s nighttime—between 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.
Add a city:
1 Tap , then tap .
2 Enter a city name or zip code, then tap Search.
3 Choose a city in the search list.
Switch to another city: Flick left or right, or tap to the left or right of the row of dots.
The number of dots below the weather board shows how many cities are stored.
Reorder cities: Tap , then drag next to a city to a new place in the list.
123Delete a city: Tap and tap next to a city, then tap Delete.
Display temperature in Fahrenheit or Celsius: Tap , then tap °F or °C.
Getting More Weather Information
You can see a more detailed weather report, news and websites related to the city,
and more.
See information about a city at Yahoo.com: Tap .
124 Chapter 14 WeatherVoice Memos
15
Recording Voice Memos
Voice Memos lets you use iPhone as a portable recording device using the built-in
microphone, iPhone or Bluetooth headset mic, or supported external microphone.
Note: External microphones must be designed to work with the iPhone headset
jack or Dock Connector, such as Apple-branded earbuds or authorized third-party
accessories marked with the Apple “Works with iPhone” logo.
You can adjust the recording level by moving the microphone closer to or further
away from what you’re recording. For better recording quality, the loudest level on the
level meter should be between –3dB and 0 dB.
Record button
Audio level meter
Go to voice memos
125Record a voice memo:
1 Tap to start recording. You can also press the center button on the iPhone headset
(or the equivalent button on your Bluetooth headset).
2 Tap to pause or to stop recording. You can also press the center button on the
iPhone headset (or the equivalent button on your Bluetooth headset).
Recordings using the built-in microphone are mono, but you can record stereo using
an external stereo microphone.
When you start a voice recording, iPhone makes a shutter sound. The sound isn’t
played if you’ve set the Ring/Silent switch to silent. See “Sounds and the Ring/Silent
Switch” on page 141.
Note: In some regions, the sound effects for Voice Memos are played even if the Ring/
Silent switch is set to silent.
To use other applications while recording your voice memo, you can lock iPhone or
press the Home button.
Play back a voice memo you just recorded: Tap .
Listening to Voice Memos
Scrubber bar
Playhead
Play a voice memo you’ve previously recorded:
1 Tap .
Memos are listed in chronological order, with the most recent memo first.
2 Tap a memo, then tap .
Tap to pause, then tap again to resume playback.
Skip to any point in a memo: Drag the playhead along the scrubber bar.
126 Chapter 15 Voice MemosListen through the built-in speaker: Tap Speaker.
Managing Voice Memos
Delete a voice memo: Tap a memo in the list, then tap Delete.
See more information: Tap next to the memo. The Info screen displays information
about the length, recording time and date, and provides additional editing and
sharing functions.
Add a label to a memo: On the Info screen tap , then select a label in the list on the
Label screen. To create a custom label, choose Custom at the bottom of the list, then
type a name for the label.
Chapter 15 Voice Memos 127Trimming Voice Memos
You can trim the beginning or ending of a voice memo to eliminate unwanted pauses
or noise.
Trim a voice memo:
1 On the Voice Memos screen, tap next to the memo you want to trim.
2 Tap Trim Memo.
3 Using the time markers as a guide, drag the edges of the audio region to adjust the
beginning and end of the voice memo. To preview your edit, tap .
4 Tap Trim Voice Memo.
Important: Edits you make to voice memos can’t be undone.
Sharing Voice Memos
You can share your voice memos as attachments in email or MMS messages
(iPhone 3G or later).
Share a voice memo:
1 On the Voice Memos screen or Info screen, tap Share.
2 Choose Email Voice Memo to open a new message in Mail with the memo attached,
or choose MMS to open a new message in Messages.
A message appears if the file you’re trying to send is too large.
128 Chapter 15 Voice MemosSyncing Voice Memos
iTunes automatically syncs voice memos to your iTunes library when you connect
iPhone to your computer. This lets you listen to voice memos on your computer and
provides a backup if you delete them from iPhone.
Voice memos are synced to the Voice Memos playlist. iTunes creates the playlist if it
doesn’t exist. When you sync voice memos to iTunes, they remain in the Voice Memos
application until you delete them. If you delete a voice memo on iPhone, it isn’t
deleted from the Voice Memos playlist in iTunes. However, if you delete a voice memo
from iTunes, it is deleted from iPhone the next time you sync with iTunes.
You can sync the iTunes Voice Memos playlist to the iPod application on iPhone using
the Music pane in iTunes.
Sync the Voice Memos playlist to iPhone:
1 Connect iPhone to your computer.
2 In iTunes, select iPhone in the sidebar.
3 Select the Music tab.
4 Select the “Include voice memos” checkbox and click Apply.
Chapter 15 Voice Memos 129Notes
16
Writing and Reading Notes
Notes are listed in the order of the last modified date, with the most recently modified
note at the top. You can see the first few words of each note in the list. Rotate iPhone
to view notes in landscape orientation and type using a larger keyboard.
Add a note: Tap , then type your note and tap Done.
Read a note: Tap the note. Tap or to see the next or previous note.
Edit a note: Tap anywhere on the note to bring up the keyboard.
Delete a note: Tap the note, then tap .
130Searching Notes
You can search the text of notes.
Search for notes:
1 Drag the note list down or tap the status bar to expose the search window.
2 Enter text in the search field.
Search results appear automatically as you type. Tap Search to dismiss the keyboard
and see more of the results.
Emailing Notes
Email a note: Tap the note, then tap .
To email a note, iPhone must be set up for email. See “Setting Up Email Accounts” on
page 59.
Syncing Notes
You can set up iTunes to automatically sync your notes with email applications such as
Mac OS X Mail (requires Mac OS X version 10.5.7 or later) or Microsoft Outlook 2003 or
2007 on a PC. See “Syncing with iTunes” on page 12.
Chapter 16 Notes 131Clock
17
World Clocks
You can add clocks to show the time in other major cities and time zones around the
world.
View clocks: Tap World Clock.
If the clock face is white, it’s daytime in that city. If the clock face is black, it’s nighttime.
If you have more than four clocks, flick to scroll through them.
Add a clock:
1 Tap World Clock.
2 Tap , then type the name of a city.
Cities matching what you’ve typed appear below.
3 Tap a city to add a clock for that city.
If you don’t see the city you’re looking for, try a major city in the same time zone.
Delete a clock: Tap World Clock and tap Edit. Then tap next to a clock and tap
Delete.
Rearrange clocks: Tap World Clock and tap Edit. Then drag next to a clock to a new
place in the list.
132Alarms
You can set multiple alarms. Set each alarm to repeat on days you specify, or to sound
only once.
Set an alarm:
1 Tap Alarm and tap .
2 Adjust any of the following settings:
• To set the alarm to repeat on certain days, tap Repeat and choose the days.
• To choose the ringtone that sounds when the alarm goes off, tap Sound.
• To set whether the alarm gives you the option to hit snooze, turn Snooze on or off.
If Snooze is on and you tap Snooze when the alarm sounds, the alarm stops and
then sounds again in ten minutes.
• To give the alarm a description, tap Label. iPhone displays the label when the alarm
sounds.
If at least one alarm is set and turned on, appears in the iPhone status bar at the top
of the screen.
Important: Some carriers don’t support network time in all locations. If you’re traveling,
iPhone alerts may not sound at the correct local time. See “Date and Time” on page 147.
Turn an alarm on or off: Tap Alarm and turn any alarm on or off. If an alarm is turned
off, it won’t sound again unless you turn it back on.
If an alarm is set to sound only once, it turns off automatically after it sounds. You can
turn it on again to reenable it.
Change settings for an alarm: Tap Alarm and tap Edit, then tap next to the alarm
you want to change.
Delete an alarm: Tap Alarm and tap Edit, then tap next to the alarm and tap
Delete.
Stopwatch
Use the stopwatch to time an event:
1 Tap Stopwatch.
2 Tap Start to start the stopwatch.
• To record lap times, tap Lap after each lap.
• To pause the stopwatch, tap Stop. Tap Start to resume.
• To reset the stopwatch, tap Reset when the stopwatch is pause.
If you start the stopwatch and go to another iPhone application, the stopwatch
continues running in the background.
Chapter 17 Clock 133Timer
Set the timer: Tap Timer, then flick to set the number of hours and minutes. Tap Start
to start the timer.
Choose the sound: Tap When Timer Ends.
Set a sleep timer: Set the timer, then tap When Timer Ends and choose Sleep iPod.
When you set a sleep timer, iPhone stops playing music or video when the timer ends.
If you start the timer and then switch to another iPhone application, the timer
continues running.
134 Chapter 17 ClockCalculator
18
Using the Calculator
Tap numbers and functions in Calculator just as you would with a standard calculator.
When you tap the add, subtract, multiply, or divide button, a white ring appears
around the button to let you know the operation to be carried out. Rotate iPhone to
get an expanded scientific calculator.
Standard Memory Functions
• C: Tap to clear the displayed number.
• MC: Tap to clear the memory.
• M+: Tap to add the displayed number to the number in memory. If no number is in
memory, tap to store the displayed number in memory.
• M-: Tap to subtract the displayed number from the number in memory.
• MR: Tap to replace the displayed number with the number in memory. If the button
has a white ring around it, there is a number stored in memory.
The stored number remains in memory when you switch between the standard and
scientific calculators.
135Scientific Calculator Keys
Rotate iPhone to landscape orientation to display the scientific calculator.
2nd Changes the trigonometric buttons (sin, cos, tan, sinh, cosh, and tanh) to their inverse
functions (sin
-1
, cos
-1
, tan
-1
, sinh
-1
, cosh
-1
, and tanh
-1
). It also changes ln to log2, and e
x
to
2
x
. Tap 2nd again to return the buttons to their original functions.
( Opens a parenthetical expression. Expressions can be nested.
) Closes a parenthetical expression.
% Calculates percentages, adds markups, and subtracts discounts. To calculate a
percentage, use it with the multiplication (x) key. For example, to calculate 8% of 500,
enter
500 x 8 % =
which returns 40.
To add a markup or subtract a discount, use it with the plus (+) or minus (–) key.
For example, to compute the total cost of a $500 item with an 8% sales tax, enter
500 + 8 % =
which returns 540.
1/x Returns the reciprocal of a value in decimal format.
x
2
Squares a value.
x
3
Cubes a value.
y
x
Tap between values to raise the first value to the power of the second value.
For example, to compute 3
4
, enter
3 y
x
4 =
which returns 81.
x! Calculates the factorial of a value.
v Calculates the square root of a value.
x
vy Use between values to calculate the x root of y. For example to compute
4
v81, enter
81
x
vy 4 =
which returns 3.
136 Chapter 18 Calculatorlog Returns the log base 10 of a value.
sin Calculates the sine of a value.
sin
-1
Calculates the arc sine of a value. (Available when the 2nd button is tapped.)
cos Calculates the cosine of a value.
cos
-1
Calculates the arc cosine of a value. (Available when the 2nd button is tapped.)
tan Calculates the tangent of a value.
tan
-1
Calculates the arc tangent of a value. (Available when the 2nd button is tapped.)
ln Calculates the natural log of a value.
log2 Calculates the log base 2. (Available when the 2nd button is tapped.)
sinh Calculates the hyperbolic sine of a value.
sinh
-1
Calculates the inverse hyperbolic sine of a value. (Available when the 2nd button is
tapped.)
cosh Calculates the hyperbolic cosine of a value.
cosh
-1
Calculates the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a value. (Available when the 2nd button is
tapped.)
tanh Calculates the hyperbolic tangent of a value.
tanh
-1
Calculates the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a value. (Available when the 2nd button is
tapped.)
e
x
Tap after entering a value to raise the constant “e” (2.718281828459045...) to the power
of that value.
2
x
Calculates 2 to the power of the displayed value. For example, 10 2
x
= 1024. (Available
when the 2nd button is tapped.)
Rad Changes the mode to express trigonometric functions in radians.
Deg Changes the mode to express trigonometric functions in degrees.
p Enters the value of p (3.141592653589793...).
EE An operator that multiplies the currently displayed value by 10 to the power of the next
value you enter.
Rand Returns a random number between 0 and 1.
Chapter 18 Calculator 137Settings
19
Settings allows you to customize iPhone applications, set the date and time, configure
your network connection, and enter other preferences for iPhone.
Airplane Mode
Airplane mode disables the wireless features of iPhone to avoid interfering with
aircraft operation and other electrical equipment.
Turn on airplane mode: Tap Settings and turn airplane mode on.
When airplane mode is on, appears in the status bar at the top of the screen.
No phone, radio, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth signals are emitted from iPhone and GPS
reception is turned off, disabling many of iPhone’s features. You won’t be able to:
• Make or receive phone calls
• Get visual voicemail
• Send or receive email
• Browse the Internet
• Sync your contacts, calendars, or bookmarks (MobileMe only) with MobileMe or
Microsoft Exchange
• Send or receive text messages
• Stream YouTube videos
• Get stock quotes
• Get map locations
• Get weather reports
• Use the iTunes Store or the App Store
If allowed by the aircraft operator and applicable laws and regulations, you can
continue to use iPhone to:
• Listen to music and watch video
138• Listen to visual voicemail previously received
• Check your calendar
• Take or view pictures
• Hear alarms
• Use the stopwatch or timer
• Use the calculator
• Take notes
• Record voice memos
• Use Compass
• Read text messages and email messages stored on iPhone
Where allowed by the aircraft operator and applicable laws and regulations, you can
turn Wi-Fi back on, enabling you to:
• Send and receive email
• Browse the Internet
• Sync your contacts, calendars, and bookmarks (MobileMe only) with MobileMe and
Microsoft Exchange
• Stream YouTube videos
• Get stock quotes
• Get map locations
• Get weather reports
• Use the iTunes Store or the App Store
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi settings determine whether iPhone uses local Wi-Fi networks to connect to the
Internet. If no Wi-Fi networks are available, or you’ve turned Wi-Fi off, then iPhone
connects to the Internet via your cellular data network, when available. You can use
Mail, Safari, YouTube, Stocks, Maps, Weather, the iTunes Store, and the App Store over a
cellular data network connection.
Turn Wi-Fi on or off: Choose Wi-Fi and turn Wi-Fi on or off.
Join a Wi-Fi network: Choose Wi-Fi, wait a moment as iPhone detects networks in
range, then select a network. If necessary, enter a password and tap Join. (Networks
that require a password appear with a lock icon.)
Once you’ve joined a Wi-Fi network manually, iPhone automatically joins it whenever
the network is in range. If more than one previously used network is in range, iPhone
joins the one last used.
Chapter 19 Settings 139When iPhone is joined to a Wi-Fi network, the Wi-Fi icon in the status bar at the top
of the screen shows signal strength. The more bars you see, the stronger the signal.
Set iPhone to ask if you want to join a new network: Choose Wi-Fi and turn “Ask to
Join Networks” on or off.
When you’re trying to access the Internet, by using Safari or Mail for example, and you
aren’t in range of a Wi-Fi network you‘ve previously used, this option tells iPhone to
look for another network. iPhone displays a list of all available Wi-Fi networks that you
can choose from. (Networks that require a password appear with a lock icon.) If “Ask
to Join Networks” is turned off, you must manually join a network to connect to the
Internet when a previously used network or a cellular data network isn’t available.
Forget a network, so iPhone doesn’t join it automatically: Choose Wi-Fi and tap
next to a network you’ve joined before. Then tap “Forget this Network.”
Join a closed Wi-Fi network: To join a Wi-Fi network that isn’t shown in the list of
scanned networks, choose Wi-Fi > Other, then enter the network name. If the network
requires a password, tap Security, tap the type of security the network uses, and enter
the password.
You must already know the network name, password, and security type to connect to
a closed network.
Some Wi-Fi networks may require you to enter or adjust additional settings, such as a
client ID or static IP address. Ask the network administrator which settings to use.
Adjust settings to connect to a Wi-Fi network: Choose Wi-Fi, then tap next to a
network.
VPN
This setting appears when you have VPN configured on iPhone, allowing you to turn
VPN on or off. See “Network” on page 143.
Notifications
This setting appears when you’ve installed an application from the App Store that uses
the Apple Push Notification service.
Push notifications are used by applications to alert you of new information, even when
the application isn’t running. Notifications differ depending upon the application, but
may include text or sound alerts, and a numbered badge on the application’s icon on
the Home screen.
You can turn notifications off if you don’t want to be notified or want to conserve
battery life.
Turn all notifications on or off: Tap Notifications and turn notifications on or off.
140 Chapter 19 SettingsTurn sounds, alerts, or badges on or off for an application: Tap Notifications, then
choose an application from the list and choose the types of notification you want to
turn on or off.
Carrier
This setting appears when you’re outside of your carrier’s network and other local
carrier data networks are available to use for your phone calls, visual voicemail, and
cellular network Internet connections. You can make calls only on carriers that have
roaming agreements with your carrier. Additional fees may apply. Roaming charges
may be billed to you by the carrier of the selected network, through your carrier.
For information about out-of-network coverage and how to enable roaming, contact
your carrier or go to your carrier’s website.
Select a carrier: Choose Carrier and select the network you want to use.
Once you select a network, iPhone uses only that network. If the network is
unavailable, “No service” appears on the iPhone screen and you can’t make or receive
calls or visual voicemail, or connect to the Internet via cellular data network. Set
Network Settings to Automatic to have iPhone select a network for you.
Sounds and the Ring/Silent Switch
Switch between ring and silent mode: Flip the Ring/Silent switch on the side of
iPhone.
When set to silent, iPhone doesn’t play any ring, alert, or effects sounds. It does,
however, play alarms set using Clock.
Note: In some regions, the sound effects for Camera and Voice Memos are played even
if the Ring/Silent switch is set to silent.
Set whether iPhone vibrates when you get a call: Choose Sounds. To set whether
iPhone vibrates in silent mode, turn Vibrate under Silent on or off. To set whether
iPhone vibrates in ring mode, turn Vibrate under Ring on or off.
Adjust the ringer and alerts volume: Choose Sounds and drag the slider. Or, if no
song or video is playing and you aren’t on a call, use the volume buttons on the side of
iPhone.
Set the ringtone: Choose Sounds > Ringtone.
Set alert and effects sounds: Choose Sounds and turn items on or off under Ring .
When the Ring/Silent switch is set to ring, iPhone plays sounds for alerts and effects
that are turned on.
You can set iPhone to play a sound whenever you:
• Get a call
Chapter 19 Settings 141• Get a text message
• Get a voicemail message
• Get an email message
• Send an email message
• Have an appointment that you’ve set up to alert you
• Lock iPhone
• Type using the keyboard
Brightness
Screen brightness affects battery life. Dim the screen to extend the time before you
need to recharge iPhone, or use Auto-Brightness.
Adjust the screen brightness: Choose Brightness and drag the slider.
Set whether iPhone adjusts screen brightness automatically: Choose Brightness
and turn Auto-Brightness on or off. If Auto-Brightness is on, iPhone adjusts the screen
brightness for current light conditions using the built-in ambient light sensor.
Wallpaper
You see a wallpaper background picture when you unlock iPhone. You can select one
of the images that came with iPhone, or use a photo you’ve synced to iPhone from
your computer.
Set wallpaper: Choose Wallpaper and choose a picture.
General
The General settings include date and time, security, network, and other settings that
affect more than one application. This is also where you can find information about
your iPhone, and reset iPhone to its original state.
About
Choose General > About to get information about iPhone, including:
• Name of your phone network
• Number of songs, videos, and photos
• Total storage capacity
• Space available
• Software version
• Serial and model numbers
• Wi-Fi and Bluetooth addresses
142 Chapter 19 Settings• IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) and ICCID (Integrated Circuit Card
Identifier, or Smart Card) numbers
• Modem firmware version of the cellular transmitter
• Legal information
• Regulatory information
Usage
Show battery percentage: Tap Usage and turn Battery Percentage on to display the
percentage of battery charge next to the battery icon in the upper-right corner of
iPhone (iPhone 3GS only).
See your usage statistics: Choose Usage. There, you can see:
• Usage—Amount of time iPhone has been awake and in use since the last full
charge. iPhone is awake whenever you’re using it—including making or receiving
phone calls, using email, sending or receiving text messages, listening to music,
browsing the web, or using any other iPhone features. iPhone is also awake while
performing background tasks such as automatically checking for and retrieving
email messages.
• Standby—Amount of time iPhone has been powered on since its last full charge,
including the time iPhone has been asleep.
• Current period call time and lifetime call time.
• Amount of data sent and received over the cellular data network.
Reset your usage statistics: Tap Usage and tap Reset Statistics to clear the data and
cumulative time statistics. The statistics for the amount of time iPhone has been
unlocked and in standby mode aren’t reset.
Network
Use the Network settings to configure a VPN (virtual private network) connection,
access Wi-Fi settings, or turn Data Roaming on or off.
Enable or disable 3G: Tap to turn 3G on or off.
Using 3G loads Internet data faster in some cases, but may decrease battery
performance. If you’re making a lot of phone calls, you may want to turn 3G off to
extend battery performance.
Turn Data Roaming on or off: Choose General > Network, then turn Data Roaming on
or off.
Data Roaming turns on Internet and visual voicemail access over a cellular data
network when you’re in an area not covered by your carrier’s network. For example,
when you’re traveling, you can turn off Data Roaming to avoid potential roaming
charges. By default, Data Roaming is turned off.
Chapter 19 Settings 143Turn Internet Tethering on or off: Choose General > Network > Internet Tethering,
then turn Internet Tethering on or off.
Internet Tethering lets you share iPhone’s Internet connection with a computer
connected via USB or Bluetooth (not available in all regions). Follow the onscreen
instructions to complete the setup. Additional fees may apply. See “Using iPhone as a
Modem” on page 42.
Add a new VPN configuration: Choose General > Network > VPN > Add VPN
Configuration.
VPNs used within organizations allow you to communicate private information
securely over a non-private network. You may need to configure VPN, for example, to
access your work email on iPhone.
iPhone can connect to VPNs that use the L2TP, PPTP, or Cisco IPSec protocols. VPN
works over both Wi-Fi and cellular data network connections.
Ask your network administrator which settings to use. In most cases, if you’ve set up
VPN on your computer, you can use the same VPN settings for iPhone.
Once you’ve entered VPN settings, a VPN switch appears in the Settings menu that you
can use to turn VPN on or off.
VPN may also be automatically set up by a configuration profile. See “Installing
Configuration Profiles” on page 18.
Change a VPN configuration: Choose General > Network > VPN and tap the
configuration you want to update.
Turn VPN on or off: Tap Settings and turn VPN on or off.
Delete a VPN configuration: Choose General > Network > VPN, tap the blue arrow
to the right of the configuration name, and tap Delete VPN at the bottom of the
configuration screen.
Bluetooth
iPhone can connect wirelessly to Bluetooth devices such as headsets, headphones, and
car kits for music listening and hands-free talking. See “Bluetooth Devices” on page 55.
Turn Bluetooth on or off: Choose General > Bluetooth and turn Bluetooth on or off.
Location Services
Location Services allows applications such as Maps Camera, and Compass to gather
and use data indicating your location. Location Services doesn’t correlate the data
it collects with your personally identifiable information. Your approximate location
is determined using available information from cellular network data, local Wi-Fi
networks (if you have Wi-Fi turned on), and GPS (iPhone 3G or later; GPS may not be
available in all locations).
144 Chapter 19 SettingsYou can turn Location Services off if you don’t want to use this feature. If you turn
Location Services off, you’ll be prompted to turn it on again the next time an
application tries to use this feature.
Turn Location Services on or off: Choose General > Location Services and turn
location services on or off.
To conserve battery life, turn Location Services off when you’re not using it.
Auto-Lock
Locking iPhone turns off the display to save your battery and to prevent unintended
operation of iPhone. You can still receive calls and text messages, and you can adjust
the volume and use the mic button on the iPhone stereo headset when listening to
music or on a call.
Set the amount of time before iPhone locks: Choose General > Auto-Lock and
choose a time.
Passcode Lock
By default, iPhone doesn’t require you to enter a passcode to unlock it.
Set a passcode: Choose General > Passcode Lock and enter a 4-digit passcode, then
enter the passcode again to verify it. iPhone then requires you to enter the passcode
to unlock it or to display the passcode lock settings.
Turn passcode lock off: Choose General > Passcode Lock, enter your passcode, and
tap Turn Passcode Off, then enter your passcode again.
Change the passcode: Choose General > Passcode Lock, enter your passcode, and
tap Change Passcode. Enter your passcode again, then enter and reenter your new
passcode.
If you forget your passcode, you must restore the iPhone software. See “Updating and
Restoring iPhone Software” on page 204.
Set how long before your passcode is required: Choose General > Passcode Lock and
enter your passcode. Tap Require Passcode, then select how long iPhone can be idle
before you need to enter a passcode to unlock it.
Turn Voice Dial on or off: Choose General > Passcode Lock and turn Voice Dial on
or off.
Erase data after ten failed passcode attempts: Choose General > Passcode Lock,
enter your passcode, and tap Erase Data to turn it on.
After ten failed passcode attempts, your settings are reset to their defaults and all your
information and media is erased:
• On iPhone 3GS: by removing the encryption key to the data (which is encrypted
using 256-bit AES encryption)
• On iPhone and iPhone 3G: by overwriting the data
Chapter 19 Settings 145Important: You can’t use iPhone while data is being overwritten. This can take up to
two hours or more, depending on the model and storage capacity of your iPhone.
(On iPhone 3GS, the removal of the encryption key is immediate.)
Restrictions
You can set restrictions for the use of some applications and for iPod content on
iPhone. For example, parents can restrict explicit music from being seen on playlists,
or turn off YouTube access entirely.
Turn on restrictions:
1 Choose General > Restrictions, then tap Enable Restrictions.
2 Enter a four-digit passcode.
3 Reenter the passcode.
Turn off restrictions: Choose General > Restrictions, then enter the passcode.
Tap Disable Restrictions, then reenter the passcode.
If you forget your passcode, you must restore your iPhone software from iTunes.
See “Updating and Restoring iPhone Software” on page 204.
Set application restrictions: Set the restrictions you want by tapping individual
controls on or off. By default, all controls are on (not restricted). Tap an item to turn it
off and restrict its use.
Safari is disabled and its icon is removed from the Home screen. You cannot use Safari
to browse the web or access web clips. Other third-party applications may allow web
browsing even if Safari is disabled.
YouTube is disabled and its icon is removed from the Home screen.
The iTunes Store is disabled and its icon is removed from the Home screen. You cannot
preview, purchase, or download content.
The App Store is disabled and its icon is removed from the Home screen. You cannot
install applications on iPhone.
Camera is disabled and its icon is removed from the Home screen. You cannot take
pictures.
Location data isn’t provided to applications.
Restrict purchases within applications: Turn In-App Purchases off. When enabled,
this feature allows you to purchase additional content or features within applications
downloaded from the App Store.
Set content restrictions: Tap Ratings For, then select a country from the list. You can
then set restrictions using that country’s ratings system for the following categories of
content:
146 Chapter 19 Settings• Music & Podcasts
• Movies
• TV Shows
• Apps
In the United States for example, to allow only movies rated PG or below, tap Movies,
then select PG from the list.
Note: Not all countries have rating systems.
Home
Choose General > Home to set preferences for double-clicking the Home button and
searching categories on the Spotlight page. You can set iPhone so that double-clicking
the Home button goes to the Home screen, Search, Phone Favorites, Camera, or iPod.
Set whether double-clicking the Home button shows iPod controls: Turn on iPod
Controls to display iPod controls when you’re playing music and double-click the
Home button. This feature works even when the display is turned off or iPhone is
locked.
Set what categories appear in search results: Tap Search Results. All search categories
in the list are selected by default. Tap an item to deselect it.
Set the order of search result categories: Tap Search Results, then drag next to a
search category to a new place in the list.
Date and Time
These settings apply to the time shown in the status bar at the top of the screen, and
in world clocks and calendars.
Set whether iPhone shows 24-hour time or 12-hour time: Choose General > Date &
Time and turn 24-Hour Time on or off. (Not available in all countries.)
Set whether iPhone updates the date and time automatically: Choose General >
Date & Time and turn Set Automatically on or off.
If iPhone is set to update the time automatically, it gets the correct time over the
cellular network, and updates it for the time zone you’re in.
Some carriers don’t support network time in all locations. If you’re traveling, iPhone
may not be able to automatically set the local time.
Set the date and time manually: Choose General > Date & Time and turn Set
Automatically off. Tap Time Zone and enter the name of a major city in your time zone.
Tap the “Date & Time” return button, then tap “Set Date & Time” and enter the date
and time.
Chapter 19 Settings 147Keyboard
Turn Auto-Correction on or off: Choose General > Keyboard and turn Auto-Correction
on or off.
By default, if the default keyboard for the language you select has a dictionary, iPhone
automatically suggests corrections or completed words as you type.
Turn Auto-Capitalization on or off: Choose General > Keyboard and turn AutoCapitalization on or off.
By default, iPhone automatically capitalizes words after you type sentence-ending
punctuation or a return character.
Set whether caps lock is enabled: Choose General > Keyboard and turn Enable Caps
Lock on or off.
If caps lock is enabled and you double-tap the Shift key on the keyboard, all letters
you type are uppercase. The Shift key turns blue when caps lock is on.
Turn the “.” shortcut on or off: Choose General > Keyboard and turn “.” Shortcut on
or off.
The “.” shortcut lets you double-tap the space bar to enter a period followed by a space
when you’re typing. It’s on by default.
Turn international keyboards on or off: Choose General > Keyboards > International
Keyboards and turn on the keyboards you want.
If more than one keyboard is turned on, tap to switch keyboards when you’re
typing. When you tap the symbol, the name of the newly active keyboard appears
briefly. See “International Keyboards” on page 35.
International
Use International settings to set the language for iPhone, turn keyboards for different
languages on or off, and set the date, time, and telephone number formats for your
region.
Set the language for iPhone: Choose General > International > Language, choose the
language you want to use, then tap Done.
Set the Voice Control language for iPhone: Choose General > International > Voice
Control, then choose the language you want to use (available only on iPhone 3GS).
Turn international keyboards on or off: Choose General > International > Keyboards,
and turn on the keyboards you want.
If more than one keyboard is turned on, tap to switch keyboards when you’re
typing. When you tap the symbol, the name of the newly active keyboard appears
briefly. See “International Keyboards” on page 35.
Set date, time, and telephone number formats: Choose General > International >
Region Format, and choose your region.
148 Chapter 19 SettingsThe Region Format also determines the language used for the days and months that
appear in native iPhone applications.
Accessibility
To turn on accessibility features (available only on iPhone 3GS), choose Accessibility
and choose the features you want. See Chapter 25,“Accessibility,” on page 182.
Resetting iPhone
Reset all settings: Choose General > Reset and tap Reset All Settings.
All your preferences and settings are reset. Information, such as your contacts and
calendars, and media, such as your songs and videos, aren’t deleted.
Erase all content and settings: Connect iPhone to your computer or a power adapter.
Choose General > Reset and tap “Erase All Content and Settings.”
This resets all settings to their defaults and erases all your information and media:
• On iPhone 3GS: by removing the encryption key to the data (which is encrypted
using 256-bit AES encryption)
• On iPhone and iPhone 3G: by overwriting the data
Important: You can’t use iPhone while data is being overwritten. This can take up to
two hours or more, depending on the model and storage capacity of your iPhone.
(On iPhone 3GS, the removal of the encryption key is immediate.)
Reset network settings: Choose General > Reset and tap Reset Network Settings.
When you reset network settings, your list of previously used networks and VPN
settings not installed by a configuration profile are removed. Wi-Fi is turned off and
then back on, disconnecting you from any network you’re on. The Wi-Fi and “Ask to
Join Networks” settings are left turned on.
To remove VPN settings installed by a configuration profile, choose Settings > General
> Profile, then select the profile and tap Remove.
Reset the keyboard dictionary: Choose General > Reset and tap Reset Keyboard
Dictionary.
You add words to the keyboard dictionary by rejecting words iPhone suggests as you
type. Tap a word to reject the correction and add the word to the keyboard dictionary.
Resetting the keyboard dictionary erases all words you’ve added.
Reset the Home screen layout: Choose General > Reset and tap Reset Home Screen
Layout.
Reset the location warnings: Choose General > Reset and tap Reset Location
Warnings.
Chapter 19 Settings 149Location warnings are the requests made by applications (such as Camera, Compass,
and Maps) to use Location Services with those applications. iPhone stops presenting
the warning for an application the second time you tap OK. Tap Reset Location
Warnings to resume the warnings.
Mail, Contacts, Calendars
Use Mail, Contacts, Calendars settings to set up and customize accounts for iPhone:
• Microsoft Exchange
• MobileMe
• Google email
• Yahoo! Mail
• AOL
• Other POP and IMAP mail systems
• LDAP accounts for Contacts
• CalDAV or iCalendar (.ics) accounts for Calendars
Accounts
The Accounts section lets you set up accounts on iPhone. The specific settings that
appear depend on the type of account you’re setting up. Your service provider or
system administrator should be able to provide the information you need to enter.
For more information, see:
• “Setting Up Accounts” on page 16
• “Adding Contacts” on page 176
• “Subscribing to and Sharing Calendars” on page 93
Change an account’s settings: Choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars,” choose an account,
then make the changes you want.
Changes you make to an account’s settings on iPhone are not synced to your
computer, so you can configure your accounts to work with iPhone without affecting
the account settings on your computer.
Stop using an account: Choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars,” choose an account, then
turn Account off.
If an account is off, iPhone doesn’t display the account and doesn’t send or check email
from or sync other information with that account, until you turn it back on.
Adjust advanced settings: Choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars,” choose an account,
then do one of the following:
150 Chapter 19 Settings• To set whether drafts, sent messages, and deleted messages are stored on iPhone or
remotely on your email server (IMAP accounts only), tap Advanced and choose Drafts
Mailbox, Sent Mailbox, or Deleted Mailbox.
If you store messages on iPhone, you can see them even when iPhone isn’t
connected to the Internet.
• To set how long before messages are removed permanently from Mail on iPhone, tap
Advanced and tap Remove, then choose a time: Never, or after one day, one week,
or one month.
• To adjust email server settings, tap Host Name, User Name, or Password under
Incoming Mail Server or Outgoing Mail Server. Ask your network administrator or
Internet service provider for the correct settings.
• To adjust SSL and password settings, tap Advanced. Ask your network administrator or
Internet service provider for the correct settings.
Delete an account from iPhone: Choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars,” choose an
account, then scroll down and tap Delete Account.
Deleting an account means you can no longer access the account with your iPhone.
All email and the contacts, calendar, and bookmark information synced with the
account are removed from iPhone. However, deleting an account doesn’t remove the
account or its associated information from your computer.
Fetch New Data
This setting lets you turn Push on or off for MobileMe, Microsoft Exchange, Yahoo!
Mail, and any other push accounts you’ve configured on iPhone. Push accounts
automatically deliver new information to iPhone when new information appears
on the server (some delays may occur). You might want to turn Push off to suspend
delivery of email and other information, or to conserve battery life.
When Push is off, and with accounts that don’t support push, data can still be
fetched—that is, iPhone can check with the server and see if new information is
available. Use the Fetch New Data setting to determine how often data is requested.
For optimal battery life, don’t fetch too frequently.
Turn Push on: Choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars” > Fetch New Data, then tap to turn
Push on.
Set the interval to fetch data: Choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars” > Fetch New Data,
then choose how often you want to fetch data for all accounts.
To conserve battery life, fetch less frequently.
Setting Push to OFF or setting Fetch to Manually in the Fetch New Data screen
overrides individual account settings.
Chapter 19 Settings 151Mail
The Mail settings, except where noted, apply to all accounts you’ve set up on iPhone.
To turn alerts sounds for new or sent mail on or off, use the Sounds settings.
Set the number of messages shown on iPhone: Choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars” >
Show, then choose a setting.
Choose to see the most recent 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 messages. To download additional
messages when you’re in Mail, scroll to the bottom of your inbox and tap Load More
Messages.
Note: For Microsoft Exchange accounts, choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars” and choose
the Exchange account. Tap “Mail days to sync” and choose the number of days of mail
you want to sync with the server.
Set how many lines of each message are previewed in the message list: Choose
“Mail, Contacts, Calendars” > Preview, then choose a setting.
You can choose to see up to five lines of each message. That way, you can scan a list of
messages in a mailbox and get an idea of what each message is about.
Set a minimum font size for messages: Choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars” > Minimum
Font Size, then choose Small, Medium, Large, Extra Large, or Giant.
Set whether iPhone shows To and Cc labels in message lists: Choose “Mail, Contacts,
Calendars,” then turn Show To/Cc Label on or off.
If Show To/Cc Label is on, To or Cc next to each message in a list indicates whether
the message was sent directly to you or you received a copy.
Set whether iPhone confirms that you want to delete a message: Choose “Mail,
Contacts, Calendars” and turn Ask Before Deleting on or off.
If Ask Before Deleting is on, to delete a message you must tap , then confirm by
tapping Delete.
Set whether iPhone automatically loads remote images: Choose “Mail, Contacts,
Calendars” and turn Load Remote Images on or off. If Load Remote Images is off, you
can load images manually when reading a message.
Set whether iPhone sends you a copy of every message you send: Choose “Mail,
Contacts, Calendars,” then turn Always Bcc Myself on or off.
Set the default email account: Choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars” > Default Account,
then choose an account.
This setting determines which of your accounts a message is sent from when you
create a message from another iPhone application, such as sending a photo from
Photos or tapping the email address of a business in Maps. To send the message from
a different account, tap the From field in the message and choose another account.
Add a signature to your messages: Choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars” > Signature,
then type a signature.
152 Chapter 19 SettingsYou can set iPhone to add a signature—your favorite quote, or your name, title, and
phone number, for example—to the bottom of every message you send.
Contacts
Set how contacts are sorted: Choose “Mail Contacts, Calendars,” then under Contacts
tap Sort Order and do one of the following:
• To sort by first name first, tap First, Last.
• To sort by last name first, tap Last, First.
Set how contacts are displayed: Choose “Mail Contacts, Calendars,” then under
Contacts tap Display Order and do one of the following:
• To show first name first, tap First, Last.
• To show last name first, tap Last, First.
Import contacts from a SIM: Choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars,” then tap Import SIM
Contacts.
The contact information on the SIM is imported to iPhone. If you have Contacts
enabled for both MobileMe and Microsoft Exchange, you’re prompted to choose which
account you want to add the SIM contacts to.
Calendar
Set alerts to sound when your receive meeting invitation: Choose “Mail, Contacts,
Calendars,” and under Calendar tap “New Invitation Alerts” to turn it on.
Set how far back in the past to show your calendar events on iPhone: Choose “Mail,
Contacts, Calendars” > Sync, then choose a period of time.
Turn on Calendar time zone support: Choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars” > Time Zone
Support, then turn Time Zone Support on. Select a time zone for calendars by tapping
Time Zone and entering the name of a major city.
When Time Zone Support is on, Calendar displays event dates and times in the time
zone of the city you selected. When Time Zone Support is off, Calendar displays events
in the time zone of your current location as determined by the network time.
Important: Some carriers don’t support network time in all locations. If you’re traveling,
iPhone may not display events or sound alerts at the correct local time. To manually
set the correct time, see “Date and Time” on page 147.
Phone
Use Phone settings to forward incoming calls, turn call waiting on or off, change your
password, and other things. Additional fees may apply. Contact your carrier for pricing
and availability.
Chapter 19 Settings 153Calling from Abroad
Set iPhone to add the correct prefix when dialing from another country: In Settings,
tap Phone, then turn International Assist on. This lets you make calls to your home
country using the numbers in your contacts and favorites, without having to add a
prefix or your country code. International Assist works for U.S. telephone numbers only.
For more information, see “Using iPhone Abroad” on page 56.
Call Forwarding
You can set iPhone to forward incoming calls to another number. For example, you
may be on vacation and want all calls to go somewhere else. If you’re going to an area
with no cellular coverage, you may want to forward calls to a place where you can be
reached.
Set iPhone to forward your calls:
1 Choose Phone > Call Forwarding and turn Call Forwarding on.
2 Tap Forwarding To and enter the phone number you want calls forwarded to.
When Call Forwarding is on, an icon appears in the status bar the top of the screen.
You must be in range of the cellular network when you set iPhone to forward calls, or
calls won’t be forwarded.
Call Waiting
Activate or deactivate call waiting: Choose Phone > Call Waiting, then turn Call
Waiting on or off. If you turn call waiting off and someone calls you when you’re
already on the phone, the call goes to voicemail.
Show My Caller ID
Show or hide your caller ID: Choose Phone > Show My Caller ID, then turn Show My
Caller ID on or off.
If Show My Caller ID is off, people you call can’t see your name or phone number on
their phone.
Using iPhone with a Teletype (TTY) Machine
In some regions, Teletype (TTY) machines are used by deaf or hearing-impaired people
to communicate by typing and reading text. You can use iPhone with a TTY machine
if you have the iPhone TTY Adapter cable, available for purchase separately in many
countries. Go to www.apple.com/store (not available in all countries).
Connect iPhone to a TTY machine: Choose Phone, then turn TTY on. Then connect
iPhone to your TTY machine using the iPhone TTY Adapter.
For information about using a TTY machine, see the documentation that came with
the machine.
154 Chapter 19 SettingsFor more information about other accessibility features of iPhone, go
to Chapter 25,“Accessibility,” on page 182.
Changing Your Voicemail Password
A voicemail password helps prevent others from access your voicemail. You need to
enter the password only when you’re calling in to get your messages from another
phone. You won’t need to enter the password when using voicemail on iPhone.
Change your voicemail password: Choose Phone > Change Voicemail Password.
Locking Your SIM Card
You can lock your SIM card, so it can’t be used without a Personal Identification
Number (PIN). You must enter the PIN each time you turn iPhone off and turn it back
on again. Some carriers require a SIM PIN in order to use iPhone.
Important: If you enter the PIN incorrectly three times, you may need to enter a
Personal Unlocking Key (PUK) to enable your SIM card again. Refer to the SIM card
documentation or contact your carrier. Some cellular networks may not accept an
emergency call from iPhone if the SIM is locked.
Turn the SIM PIN on or off:
1 Choose Phone > SIM PIN, then turn SIM PIN on or off.
2 Enter your PIN to confirm. Use the PIN assigned by your carrier, or your carrier’s default
PIN.
Change the PIN for your SIM card:
1 Choose Phone > SIM PIN.
2 Turn SIM PIN on, then tap Change PIN.
3 Enter your current PIN, then enter your new PIN.
4 Enter your new PIN again to confirm, then tap Done.
Accessing Your Carrier’s Services
Depending on your carrier, you may be able to access some of your carrier’s services
directly from iPhone. For example, you may be able to check your bill balance, call
directory assistance, and view how many minutes you have left.
Access your carrier’s services: Choose Phone. Then scroll down and tap the button for
your carrier’s services.
When you request information such as your bill balance, your carrier may provide the
information in a text message. Contact your carrier to find out if there are any charges
for these services.
Chapter 19 Settings 155Safari
Safari settings let you select your Internet search engine, set security options, and for
developers, turn on debugging.
General
You can use Google or Yahoo! to perform Internet searches.
Select a search engine: Choose Safari > Search Engine and select the search engine
you want to use.
You can set Safari to automatically fill out web forms using contact information, names
and passwords you previously entered, or both.
Enable AutoFill: Choose Safari > AutoFill, then do one of the following:
• To use information from contacts, turn Use Contact Info on, then choose My Info and
select the contact you want to use.
Safari uses information from Contacts to fill in contact fields on web forms.
• To use information from names and passwords, turn Names & Passwords on.
When this feature is on, Safari remembers names and passwords of websites you
visit and automatically fills in the information when you revisit the website.
• To remove all AutoFill information, tap Clear All.
Security
By default, Safari is set to show features of the web, such as some movies, animation,
and web applications. You may wish to change security settings to help protect iPhone
from possible security risks on the Internet.
Change security settings: Choose Safari, then do one of the following:
• To set whether you’re warned when visiting potentially fraudulent websites, turn Fraud
Warning on or off.
Fraud warning protects you from potentially fraudulent Internet sites. When you
visit a suspicious site, Safari warns you about its suspect nature and doesn’t load the
page.
• To enable or disable JavaScript, turn JavaScript on or off.
JavaScript lets web programmers control elements of the page—for example, a
page that uses JavaScript might display the current date and time or cause a linked
page to appear in a new pop-up page.
• To enable or disable plug-ins, turn Plug-ins on or off. Plug-ins allow Safari to play some
types of audio and video files and to display Microsoft Word files and Microsoft
Excel documents.
• To block or allow pop-ups, turn Block Pop-ups on or off. Blocking pop-ups stops only
pop-ups that appear when you close a page or open a page by typing its address.
It doesn’t block pop-ups that open when you tap a link.
156 Chapter 19 Settings• To set whether Safari accepts cookies, tap Accept Cookies and choose Never, “From
visited,” or Always.
A cookie is a piece of information that a website puts on iPhone so the website can
remember you when you visit again. That way, webpages can be customized for you
based on information you may have provided.
Some pages won’t work correctly unless iPhone is set to accept cookies.
• To clear the history of webpages you’ve visited, tap Clear History.
• To clear all cookies from Safari, tap Clear Cookies.
• To clear the browser cache, tap Clear Cache.
The browser cache stores the content of pages so the pages open faster the next
time you visit them. If a page you open doesn’t show new content, clearing the
cache may help.
Developer
The debug console can help you resolve webpage errors. If it’s turned on, the console
appears automatically when a webpage error occurs.
Turn the debug console on or off: Choose Safari > Developer, and turn Debug
Console on or off.
Messages
Use Messages settings to adjust settings for SMS and MMS messages.
Note: MMS is available only on iPhone 3G or later. The MMS Messaging and Show
Subject Field settings doesn’t appear if MMS isn’t supported by your carrier.
Choose whether or not to see a preview of messages on the Home screen: Choose
Messages and turn Show Preview on or off.
Choose whether or not to repeat message alerts: Choose Messages and turn Repeat
Alert on or off. If you ignore a message alert, you’ll be alerted two more times.
Turn MMS messaging on or off: Choose Messages and turn MMS Messaging on or
off. If MMS messaging is turned off, you won’t be able to receive MMS file attachments
such as images or audio.
Show a subject line for messages you send or receive: Choose Messages and turn
Show Subject Field on.
Chapter 19 Settings 157iPod
Use iPod Settings to adjust settings for music and video playback on your iPod.
Music
The Music settings apply to songs, podcasts, and audiobooks.
Turn Shake to Shuffle on or off: Choose iPod, then turn Shake to Shuffle on or off.
When Shake to Shuffle is on, you can shake iPhone to turn shuffle on and immediately
change the currently playing song.
Set iTunes to play songs at the same sound level: In iTunes, choose iTunes >
Preferences if you’re using a Mac, or Edit > Preferences if you’re using a PC, then click
Playback and select Sound Check.
Set iPhone to use the iTunes volume settings (Sound Check): Choose iPod and turn
Sound Check on.
Use the equalizer to customize the sound on iPhone: Choose iPod > EQ and choose
a setting.
Set a volume limit for music and videos: Choose iPod > Volume Limit and drag the
slider to adjust the maximum volume.
Tap Lock Volume Limit to assign a code to prevent the setting from being changed.
Setting a volume limit only limits the volume of music (including podcasts and
audiobooks) and videos (including rented movies), and only when headphones,
earphones, or speakers are connected to the headset jack on iPhone.
WARNING: For important information about avoiding hearing loss, see the Important
Product Information Guide at www.apple.com/support/manuals/iphone.
Video
Video settings apply to video content, including rented movies. You can set where to
resume playing videos that you previously started, turn closed captioning on or off,
and set up iPhone to play videos on your TV.
Set where to resume playing: Choose iPod > Start Playing, then select whether
you want videos that you previously started watching to resume playing from the
beginning or where you left off.
Turn closed captioning on or off: Choose iPod and turn Closed Captioning on or off.
158 Chapter 19 SettingsTV Out
Use these settings to set up how iPhone plays videos on your TV. For more information
about using iPhone to play videos on your TV, see “Watching Videos on a TV” on
page 84.
Turn widescreen on or off: Choose iPod and turn Widescreen on or off.
Set TV signal to NTSC or PAL: Choose iPod > TV Signal and select NTSC or PAL.
NTSC and PAL are TV broadcast standards. NTSC displays 480i and PAL displays 576i.
Your TV might use either of these, depending on where you bought it. If you’re not
sure which to use, check the documentation that came with your TV.
Photos
Use Photos settings to specify how slideshows display your photos.
Set the length of time each slide is shown: Choose Photos > Play Each Slide For and
select the length of time.
Set a transition effect: Choose Photos > Transition and select a transition effect.
Set whether to repeat slideshows: Choose Photos and turn Repeat on or off.
Set photos to appear randomly or in order: Choose Photos and turn Shuffle on or off.
Store
Use Store settings to change or create an iTunes Store account. By default, the iTunes
account you’re signed in to when you sync iPhone with your computer appears in
Store settings. You can change accounts on iPhone to purchase music or applications
from another account. If you don’t have an iTunes account, you can create one in Store
settings.
Sign in to an account: Choose Store and tap Sign in, then enter your user name and
password.
View your iTunes Store account information: Choose Store and tap View Account,
then type your password and follow the onscreen instructions.
Sign in to a different account: Choose Store and tap Sign out, then tap Sign in and
enter your username and password.
Create a new account: Choose Store and tap Create New Account, then follow the
onscreen instructions.
Nike + iPod
Use Nike + iPod settings to activate and adjust settings for the Nike + iPod application
(iPhone 3GS only). See Chapter 24,“Nike + iPod,” on page 180.
Chapter 19 Settings 159iTunes Store
20
About the iTunes Store
You can search for, browse, preview, purchase, and download music, ringtones,
audiobooks, TV shows, movies, and music videos from the iTunes Store directly to
iPhone. You can listen to audio or watch video podcasts from the iTunes Store, either
by streaming them from the Internet or by downloading them directly to iPhone.
Note: The iTunes Store is not available in all regions, and iTunes Store content may
vary across regions.
To access the iTunes Store, iPhone must be connected to the Internet. See “Connecting
to the Internet” on page 40.
To purchase songs or write reviews, you need an iTunes Store account. By default,
iPhone gets your iTunes Store account settings from iTunes. If you don’t have an iTunes
Store account, or if you want to make purchases from another iTunes Store account,
go to Settings > Store. See “Store” on page 159.
You don’t need an iTunes Store account to play or download podcasts.
160Finding Music, Videos, and More
Browse content: Tap Music, Videos, Ringtones, or Podcasts. Or tap More to browse
by Audiobooks, iTunes U, or Downloads. Choose a sorting method at the top of the
screen to browse by lists such as Featured, Top Tens, or Genres.
Search for content: Tap Search, tap the search field and enter one or more words,
then tap Search. Search results are grouped by category, such as Movies, Albums,
or Podcasts.
Tap an item in a list to see more details on its Info screen. You can read reviews, write
your own review, or email a link about the item to a friend. Depending on the item,
you can also buy, download, or rent it.
Note: If you join a Starbucks Wi-Fi network in a select Starbucks location (available
in the U.S. only), the Starbucks icon appears at the bottom of the screen. You can
preview and purchase the currently playing and other songs from featured Starbucks
Collections.
Chapter 20 iTunes Store 161Purchasing Ringtones
You can preview and purchase ringtones from the iTunes Store and download them to
iPhone.
Note: Ringtones may not be available in all countries.
Browse for ringtones: Tap Ringtones or use Search to find a specific song in the
iTunes Store.
Preview a ringtone: Tap the item to preview. Double-tap the item for more
information.
Purchase and download ringtones:
1 Tap the price, then tap Buy Now.
2 Sign in to your account as requested, then tap OK.
When you purchase a ringtone, you can set it as your default ringtone, or assign it to a
contact.
If you don’t have an iTunes Store account, tap Create New Account to set one up.
Your purchase is charged to your iTunes Store account. For additional purchases made
within the next fifteen minutes, you don’t have to enter your password again.
You can change your default ringtone or assign individual ringtones to contacts in
Settings > Sounds. See “Sounds and the Ring/Silent Switch” on page 141.
Ringtones you purchase on iPhone are synced to your iTunes library when you
connect iPhone to your computer. You can sync purchased ringtones to more than one
iPhone, if they’re all synced to the same account you used to purchase the ringtones.
You can’t edit ringtones you purchase from the iTunes Store.
You can create custom ringtones in Garage Band. For information, see Garage Band
Help.
Purchasing Music or Audiobooks
When you find a song, album, or audiobook you like in the iTunes Store, you can
purchase and download it to iPhone. You can preview an item before you purchase it
to make sure it’s what you want.
Preview a song or audiobook: Tap the item.
Purchase and download a song, album, or audiobook:
1 Tap the price, then tap Buy Now.
2 Sign in to your account as requested, then tap OK.
If you don’t have an iTunes Store account, tap Create New Account to set one up.
162 Chapter 20 iTunes StoreYour purchase is charged to your iTunes Store account. For additional purchases made
within the next fifteen minutes, you don’t have to enter your password again.
An alert appears if you’ve previously purchased one or more songs from an album.
Tap Buy if you want to purchase the entire album including the songs you’ve already
purchased, or tap Cancel if you want to purchase any remaining songs individually.
Some albums include bonus content, which is downloaded to your iTunes library on
your computer. Not all bonus content is downloaded directly to iPhone.
Once you purchase an item it begins downloading and appears in the Downloads
screen. See “Checking Download Status” on page 165.
Purchased songs are added to a Purchased playlist on iPhone. If you delete the
Purchased playlist, iTunes creates a new one when you buy an item from the iTunes
Store.
You can redeem iTunes Store gift cards, gift certificates, or other promotional codes to
make purchases. When you’re signed in to your account, your remaining store credit
appears with your account information at the bottom of most iTunes Store screens.
Enter a redemption code: Tap Music, then tap Redeem at the bottom of the screen
and follow the onscreen instructions.
Purchasing or Renting Videos
When you find a movie, TV show, or music video you like in the iTunes Store, you
can purchase and download it to iPhone. You can purchase movies and TV shows in
standard (480p) or high definition (720p) format.
When you purchase a high-definition video on iPhone, a standard definition version
compatible with iPod and iPhone immediately downloads for viewing. The high
definition version appears in iTunes on your computer in the Downloads queue.
You must be signed in to your iTunes Store account on your computer to view and
download items from the Downloads queue.
Rented movies are available in standard definition only (not available in all regions).
See “Watching Rented Movies” on page 83.
Preview a video: Tap Preview.
Purchase or rent a video:
1 Tap Buy or Rent.
2 Sign in to your account as requested, then tap OK.
If you don’t have an iTunes Store account, tap Create New Account to set one up.
Your purchase is charged to your iTunes Store account. For additional purchases made
within the next fifteen minutes, you don’t have to enter your password again.
Chapter 20 iTunes Store 163Once you purchase an item it begins downloading and appears in the Downloads
screen. Rented movies won’t begin playing until the download completes. See
“Checking Download Status” on page 165.
Purchased videos are added to a Purchased playlist on iPhone. If you delete the
Purchased playlist, iTunes creates a new one the next time you buy an item from the
iTunes Store.
You can redeem iTunes Store gift cards, gift certificates, or other promotional codes to
make purchases. When you’re signed in to your account, your remaining store credit
appears with your account information at the bottom of most iTunes Store screens.
Enter a redemption code: Tap Music, then tap Redeem at the bottom of the screen
and follow the onscreen instructions.
Streaming or Downloading Podcasts
You can listen to audio podcasts or watch video podcasts streamed over the Internet
from the iTunes Store. You can also download audio and video podcasts to iPhone.
Podcasts you download to iPhone are synced to your iTunes library when you connect
iPhone to your computer.
Tap Podcasts to browse podcasts in the iTunes Store. To see a list of episodes, tap a
podcast. Video podcasts are indicated by the icon.
Stream a podcast: Tap the podcast title.
Download a podcast: Tap the Free button, then tap Download. Downloaded podcasts
appear in the Podcasts list in iPod.
Listen to or watch a podcast you’ve downloaded: In iPod, tap Podcasts at the bottom
of the screen (you may need to tap More first), then tap the podcast. Video podcasts
also appear in your list of videos.
Get more episodes of the podcast you’ve downloaded: In the Podcasts list in iPod,
tap the podcast, then tap Get More Episodes.
Delete a podcast: In the Podcasts list in iPod, swipe left or right over the podcast, then
tap Delete.
164 Chapter 20 iTunes StoreChecking Download Status
You can check the Downloads screen to see the status of in-progress and scheduled
downloads, including purchases you’ve pre-ordered.
See the status of items being downloaded: Tap Downloads.
To pause a download, tap .
If a download is interrupted, iPhone starts the download again the next time it has an
Internet connection. Or, if you open iTunes on your computer, iTunes completes the
download to your iTunes library (if your computer is connected to the Internet and
signed in to the same iTunes account).
See the status of pre-ordered items: Tap Downloads.
Pre-ordered items appear in a list until the date the item is released. Tap the item for
release date information. Once the item is available for download, a download icon
appears next to the download.
Download a pre-ordered item: Tap the item, then tap .
Pre-ordered items don’t download automatically when they’re released. Return to the
Downloads screen to begin the download.
Syncing Purchased Content
iTunes automatically syncs everything you’ve downloaded or purchased on iPhone to
your iTunes library when you connect iPhone to your computer. This lets you access
the downloads on your computer and provides a backup if you delete purchased
content from iPhone.
Purchased content is synced to the “Purchased on ” playlist.
iTunes creates the playlist if it doesn’t exist. iTunes also copies your purchases to the
Purchased playlist that iTunes uses for purchases you make on your computer, if that
playlist exists and is set to sync with iPhone.
Downloaded podcasts are synced to the Podcast list in your iTunes library.
Changing the Browse Buttons
You can replace the Music, Podcasts, Videos, and Search buttons at the bottom of the
screen with ones you use more frequently. For example, if you download audiobooks
often but don’t watch many videos, you could replace the Videos button with
Audiobooks.
Chapter 20 iTunes Store 165Change the browse buttons: Tap More and tap Edit, then drag a button to the
bottom of the screen, over the button you want to replace.
You can drag the buttons at the bottom of the screen left or right to rearrange them.
When you finish, tap Done.
When you’re browsing, tap More to access the browse buttons that aren’t visible.
Viewing Account Information
To view your iTunes Store account information on iPhone, tap your account (at the
bottom of most iTunes Store screens). Or go to Settings > Store and tap View Account.
You must be signed in to view your account information. See “Store” on page 159.
Verifying Purchases
You can use iTunes on your computer to verify that all the music, videos, applications,
and other items you bought from the iTunes Store or App Store are in your iTunes
library. You might want to do this if a download was interrupted.
Verify your purchases:
1 Make sure your computer is connected to the Internet.
2 In iTunes, choose Store > Check for Available Downloads.
3 Enter your iTunes Store account ID and password, then click Check.
Purchases not yet on your computer are downloaded.
The Purchased playlist displays your purchases. However, because you can add or
remove items in this list, it might not be accurate. To see all of your purchases, sign in
to your account, choose Store > View My Account, and click Purchase History.
166 Chapter 20 iTunes StoreApp Store
21
About the App Store
You can search for, browse, review, purchase, and download applications from the App
Store directly to iPhone. Applications you download and install from the App Store on
iPhone are backed up to your iTunes library the next time you sync iPhone with your
computer. You can also install applications you’ve purchased or downloaded through
iTunes on your computer when you sync with iPhone.
Note: The App Store is not available in all regions.
To use the App Store, iPhone must be connected to the Internet. See “Connecting to
the Internet” on page 40. You also need an iTunes Store account (not available in some
countries) to download applications. By default, iPhone gets your iTunes Store account
settings from iTunes. If you don’t have an iTunes Store account, or if you want to make
purchases from another iTunes Store account, go to Settings > Store. See “Store” on
page 159.
Browsing and Searching
Browse the featured selections to see new, notable, or recommended applications,
or browse Top 25 to see the most popular applications. If you’re looking for a specific
application, use Search.
167Browse applications: Tap Featured, Categories, or Top 25. Choose a category, or
choose a sorting method at the top of the screen to browse by lists such as New,
What’s Hot, Genius, Top Paid, or Top Free.
Browse using Genius: Tap Genius to see a list of recommended apps based on what’s
already in your app collection. To turn Genius on, follow the onscreen instructions.
Genius is a free service, but it requires an iTunes Store account.
Search for applications: Tap Search, tap the search field and enter one or more words,
then tap Search.
168 Chapter 21 App StoreInfo Screen
Tap any application in a list to see more information, such as the application’s price,
screenshots, ratings, and other information.
If you’ve already installed the application, “Installed” appears instead of the price on
the Info screen.
Email a link to the application’s Info page in iTunes: Tap “Tell a Friend” near the
bottom of the Info screen.
View screenshots: Swipe left or right over a screenshot to view additional screenshot
pages. Double-tap to zoom in.
Get ratings and read reviews: Tap Ratings near the bottom of the Info screen.
Report a problem: Tap “Report a Problem” near the bottom of the Info screen. Select a
problem from the list or type optional comments, then tap Report.
Chapter 21 App Store 169Downloading Applications
When you find an application you want in the App Store, you can purchase and
download it to iPhone. If the application is free, you can download it without charge
after providing your iTunes account information.
Once you download an application, it’s immediately installed on iPhone.
Purchase and download an application:
1 Tap the price (or tap Free), then tap Buy Now.
2 Sign in to your account as requested, then tap OK.
If you don’t have an iTunes Store account, tap Create New Account to set one up.
Downloads for purchase are charged to your iTunes Store account. For additional
downloads made within the next fifteen minutes, you don’t have to enter your
password again.
Some applications allow you to make purchases within the application. You can restrict
in-app purchases in Settings. See “Restrictions” on page 146.
Some applications use push notifications to alert you of new information, even when
the application isn’t running. Notifications differ depending upon the application, but
may include text or sound alerts, and a numbered badge on the application’s icon on
the Home screen. See “Notifications” on page 140.
You can redeem iTunes Store gift cards, gift certificates, or other promotional codes to
make purchases. When you’re signed in to your account, your remaining store credit
appears with your account information at the bottom of most App Store screens.
Enter a redemption code: Tap Redeem near the bottom of the Featured screen, then
follow the onscreen instructions.
See the status of downloading applications: After you begin downloading an
application, its icon appears on the Home screen and shows a progress indicator.
If a download is interrupted, iPhone starts the download again the next time it has an
Internet connection. Or, if you open iTunes on your computer, iTunes completes the
download to your iTunes library (if your computer is connected to the Internet and
signed in to the same iTunes account).
170 Chapter 21 App StoreDeleting Applications
You can delete applications you’ve installed from the App Store. If you delete an
application, data associated with the application will no longer be available to iPhone,
unless you reinstall the application and restore its data from a backup.
You can reinstall an application and restore its data as long as you backed up iPhone
with iTunes on your computer. (If you try to delete an application that hasn’t been
backed up to your computer, an alert appears.) To retrieve the application data,
you must restore iPhone from a backup containing the data. See “Restoring from a
Backup” on page 203.
Delete an App Store application:
1 Touch and hold any application icon on the Home screen until the icons start to
wiggle.
2 Tap in the corner of the application you want to delete.
3 Tap Delete, then press the Home button to save your arrangement.
When you delete an application, its data is no longer accessible via the iPhone user
interface, but it isn’t erased from your iPhone. For information about erasing all
content and settings, see “Erase All Content and Settings” in iPhone settings.
See “Resetting iPhone” on page 149.
Writing Reviews
You can write and submit your own application reviews directly on iPhone.
Write a review:
1 Tap Ratings near the bottom of the Info screen.
2 On the Reviews screen, tap “Write a Review.”
3 Select the number of stars (1–5) for your rating of the application, and enter your
nickname, a title for the review, and optional review comments. If you’ve written
reviews before, the nickname field is already filled in. Otherwise, you’re asked to create
a reviewer nickname.
4 Tap Send.
You must be signed in to your iTunes Store account and have purchased or
downloaded the item in order to submit reviews.
Chapter 21 App Store 171Updating Applications
Whenever you access the App Store, it checks for updates to applications you’ve
installed. The App Store also automatically checks for updates every week. The App
Store icon shows the total number of application updates available.
If an update is available and you access the App Store, the Updates screen appears
immediately. Application updates are downloaded and automatically installed when
you choose to update them. Application upgrades are new releases that can be
purchased or downloaded through the App Store on iPhone or the iTunes Store on
your computer.
Update an application:
1 At the bottom of the screen, tap Updates.
2 Tap an application to see more information about the update.
3 Tap Update.
Update all applications: At the bottom of the screen, tap Updates, then tap
Update All.
If you try to update an application purchased from a different iTunes Store account,
you’re prompted for that account’s ID and password in order to download the update.
Syncing Purchased Applications
iTunes automatically syncs applications you’ve downloaded or purchased on iPhone
to your iTunes library when you connect iPhone to your computer. This lets you access
the downloads on your computer and provides a backup if you delete applications
from iPhone.
Downloaded applications are backed up the next time you sync with iTunes.
Afterwards, only application data is backed up when you sync with iTunes.
Applications are synced to the Applications list in your iTunes library. iTunes creates
the list if it doesn’t exist.
172 Chapter 21 App StoreCompass
22
Getting Compass Readings
The built-in compass (iPhone 3GS only) shows which direction you’re facing, along
with the geographical coordinates of your current location. You can choose magnetic
north, or have Compass adjust the declination to show true north.
Important: The accuracy of digital compass headings may be negatively affected by
magnetic or other environmental interference, including interference caused by the
close proximity of the magnets contained in the iPhone earbuds. The digital compass
should only be used for basic navigation assistance and should not be solely relied on
to determine precise locations, proximity, distance, or direction.
The compass needs to be calibrated the first time you use it, and may need to be
calibrated occasionally after that. iPhone alerts you whenever calibration is needed.
Calibrate iPhone: Wave iPhone in a figure eight. You may be asked to move away
from a source of interference.
173See which way you’re facing: Hold iPhone level to the ground. The compass needle
rotates to point north. Your current direction appears at the top of the screen.
The coordinates of your current location are displayed at the bottom of the screen.
Switch between true north and magnetic north: Tap and tap the setting
you want.
Compass and Maps
The icon at the bottom of the Compass screen lets you find your current location
in Maps. Maps also takes advantage of the built-in compass to show which way you’re
facing.
See your current location in Maps: Tap . Maps opens and indicates your current
location with a blue marker.
174 Chapter 22 CompassShow which way you’re facing: In Maps, tap again. (The icon changes to .)
The angle shows the accuracy of the compass reading—the smaller the angle,
the greater the accuracy.
See “Finding and Viewing Locations” on page 114.
Chapter 22 Compass 175Contacts
23
About Contacts
Contact makes it easy to call, email, and text your friends and associates with iPhone.
You can add contacts directly on iPhone, or sync contacts from applications on your
computer, or with your MobileMe, Microsoft Exchange, Google, or Yahoo! accounts.
You can open Contacts directly from the Home screen, or from within the Phone
application.
Adding Contacts
You can add contacts to iPhone in the following ways:
• In iTunes, sync contacts from Google or Yahoo!, or sync with applications on your
computer (see “Syncing” on page 11)
• Set up MobileMe or Microsoft Exchange accounts on iPhone, with Contacts enabled
(see “Setting Up Accounts” on page 16)
• Install a profile that sets up an Exchange account, with Contacts enabled
(see “Installing Configuration Profiles” on page 18)
• Set up an LDAP account on iPhone
• Enter contacts directly on iPhone
• Import contacts from a SIM
The number of contacts you can add is limited only by the amount of memory on
iPhone.
176Set up an LDAP account:
1 In Settings, tap “Mail Contacts, Calendars,” then tap Add Account.
2 Tap Other, then tap Add LDAP Account.
3 Enter your LDAP account information and tap Next to verify the account.
4 Tap Save.
When you set up an LDAP account, you can view and search for contacts on your
company or organization’s LDAP server. The server appears as a new group in Contacts.
Since LDAP contacts aren’t downloaded to iPhone, you must have an Internet
connection to view them. Check with your system administrator for specific account
settings and other requirements (such as VPN).
Import contacts from another phone’s SIM: In Settings, tap “Mail, Contacts,
Calendars,” then tap Import SIM Contacts.
The contact information on the SIM is imported to iPhone. If you have Contacts
enabled for both MobileMe and Microsoft Exchange, you’re prompted to choose which
account you want to add the SIM contacts to.
Important: iPhone doesn’t store contacts on its SIM.
Searching Contacts
You can search first, last, and company names in your contacts on iPhone. If you have
a Microsoft Exchange account set up on iPhone, you may also be able to search your
enterprise Global Address List (GAL) for contacts in your organization. If you have an
LDAP account set up on iPhone, you can search contacts on your organization’s LDAP
server.
When you enter search information, contacts with matching information appear
immediately as you start to type.
Search contacts: In Contacts, tap the search field at the top of any list of contacts
and enter a first, last, or company name. (To scroll quickly to the top of the list, tap the
status bar.)
Search a GAL: Tap Groups, tap Directories at the bottom of the list, then enter a first,
last, or company name.
You can’t edit GAL contacts or save them to iPhone.
Search an LDAP server: Tap Groups, tap the LDAP server name, then enter a first, last,
or company name.
You can’t edit LDAP contacts or save them to iPhone.
Chapter 23 Contacts 177Managing Contacts on iPhone
Add a contact on iPhone: Tap Contacts and tap .
Delete a contact In Contacts, choose a contact, than tap Edit. Scroll
down and tap Delete Contact.
Add a contact from the keypad Tap Keypad, enter a number, then tap .
Tap Create New Contact and enter the caller’s
information, or tap “Add to Existing Contact” and
choose a contact.
Edit contact information In Contacts, choose a contact, then tap Edit. To
add an item, tap . To delete an item, tap .
Enter a pause in a number Tap , then tap Pause. One or more pauses
may be required by a phone system before
dialing an extension, for example. Pauses appear
as commas when the number is saved.
Add a recent caller’s phone number to your
contacts
Tap Recents and tap next to the number.
Then tap Create New Contact, or tap “Add to
Existing Contact” and choose a contact.
Assign a photo to a contact:
1 Tap Contacts and choose a contact.
2 Tap Edit and tap Add Photo, or tap the existing photo.
3 Tap Take Photo to use the camera. Or tap Choose Existing Photo and choose a photo.
4 Drag and scale the photo as desired.
5 Tap Set Photo.
178 Chapter 23 ContactsUse a contact’s info screen: Tap Contacts and choose a contact. Then tap an item.
Visit the website
Call
Send an email
Send a text message
Add a phone
number to your
favorites list
See a map and
get directions
Note: The Contacts screen shown here includes the buttons across the bottom that
are available when you view Contacts from within the Phone application. These
buttons don’t appear if you open Contacts directly from the Home screen.
A star next to a phone number means the number is in your favorites list.
See your own phone number: Tap Contacts and scroll to the top of the list.
(Not available in all regions.)
Chapter 23 Contacts 179Nike + iPod
24
Activating Nike + iPod
When activated in Settings, the Nike + iPod application appears on the Home screen
(iPhone 3GS only). With a Nike + iPod Sensor (sold separately), the Nike + iPod
application provides audible feedback on your speed, distance, time elapsed, and
calories burned during a running or walking workout. When iPhone is connected to
iTunes on your computer, you can send your workout information to Nikeplus.com,
where you can track your progress, set goals, and participate in challenges.
See the Nike + iPod documentation for information about activating and using
Nike + iPod.
Turn Nike + iPod on or off: In Settings, choose Nike + iPod and turn Nike + iPod on or
off. When Nike + iPod is turned on, its icon appears on the Home screen.
180Additional Nike + iPod Settings
In Settings, choose Nike + iPod to activate and adjust settings for the Nike + iPod
application.
Choose a PowerSong: Choose PowerSong and select a song from your music library.
Turn spoken feedback on or off: Choose Spoken Feedback and select a male or
female voice to accompany your workout, or Off to turn off spoken feedback.
Set a distance preference: Choose Distance, then select Miles or Kilometers to
measure your workout distance.
Set your weight: Choose Weight, then flick to enter your weight.
Set the screen orientation: Choose Lock Screen, then select a screen orientation
preference.
Set up the Nike + iPod Sensor: Choose Sensor, then follow the onscreen instructions
to set up your sensor (sold separately).
You can use a Nike+ compatible remote (sold separately) to control Nike + iPod
wirelessly. Before using a remote for the first time, you must set it up on iPhone.
Set up the Nike + iPod remote: Choose Remote, then follow the onscreen instructions
to set up your remote (third-party product sold separately).
Chapter 24 Nike + iPod 181Accessibility
25
Accessibility Features
In addition to the many features that make iPhone easy to use for everyone,
accessibility features (available only on iPhone 3GS) are designed to make it easier
for users with visual, auditory, or other physical disabilities to use iPhone. These
accessibility features include:
• VoiceOver
• Zoom
• White on Black
• Mono Audio
• Speak Auto-text
With the exception of VoiceOver, these accessibility features work with all iPhone
applications, including third-party applications you download from the App Store.
VoiceOver works with all applications that come preinstalled on iPhone. In addition,
third-party developers can use the iPhone Accessibility API to make their applications
accessible for VoiceOver users.
For more information about the accessibility features of iPhone, go to
www.apple.com/accessibility.
Each accessibility feature can be turned on or off in the Accessibility settings on
iPhone. You can also turn accessibility features on or off in iTunes when iPhone is
connected to your computer.
Turn accessibility features on or off in iTunes:
1 Connect iPhone to your computer.
2 In iTunes, select iPhone in the sidebar.
3 In the Summary pane, click Configure Universal Access in the Options section.
1824 Select the accessibility features that you want to use and click OK.
VoiceOver
VoiceOver describes aloud what appears onscreen, so that you can use iPhone without
seeing it. VoiceOver speaks in the language specified in International settings, which
may be influenced by the Region Locale setting.
Note: VoiceOver isn’t available in all languages.
VoiceOver tells you about each element on the screen as it’s selected. When an
element is selected, it’s enclosed by a black rectangle (for the benefit of those who can
see the screen) and VoiceOver speaks the name or describes the item. The enclosing
rectangle is referred to as the VoiceOver cursor. If text is selected, VoiceOver reads the
text. If a control (such as a button or switch) is selected and Speak Hints is turned on,
VoiceOver may tell you the action of the item or provide instructions for you—for
example, “double-tap to open.”
When you go to a new screen, VoiceOver plays a sound and automatically selects and
speaks the first element of the screen (typically, the item in the upper-left corner).
VoiceOver also lets you know when the display changes to landscape or portrait,
and when the screen is locked or unlocked.
Setting Up VoiceOver
Important: VoiceOver changes the gestures used to control iPhone. Once VoiceOver
is turned on, you have to use VoiceOver gestures to operate iPhone—even to turn
VoiceOver off again to resume standard operation.
Turn VoiceOver on or off: In Settings, choose General > Accessibility > VoiceOver and
tap the VoiceOver On/Off switch.
You can also set Triple-click Home to turn VoiceOver on or off. See “Triple-click
Home” on page 191.
Note: You cannot use VoiceOver and Zoom at the same time.
Chapter 25 Accessibility 183Turn spoken hints on or off: In Settings, choose General > Accessibility > VoiceOver,
and tap the Speak Hints On/Off switch. Spoken hints are turned on by default.
Set the VoiceOver speaking rate: In Settings, choose General > Accessibility >
VoiceOver, and adjust the Speaking Rate slider.
You can choose what kind of feedback you get when you type. You can set VoiceOver
to speak characters, words, both, or nothing. If you choose to hear both characters and
words, VoiceOver speaks each character as you type it, then speaks the whole word
when you finish it by entering a space or punctuation.
Choose typing feedback: In Settings, choose General > Accessibility > VoiceOver >
Typing Feedback, then choose Characters, Words, Characters and Words, or Nothing.
Change the language spoken by VoiceOver: In Settings, choose General >
International > Language, then select a language and tap OK. Some languages may be
influenced by the Region Local setting. In Settings, choose General > International >
Region Format and select the format.
Note: VoiceOver isn’t available in all languages.
Practice gestures: In Settings, choose General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Practice
Gestures, then tap Practice VoiceOver Gestures. Practice the gestures described in
“VoiceOver Gestures,” below. When you’re finished practicing, tap Done.
VoiceOver Gestures
When VoiceOver is turned on, the standard touchscreen gestures have different effects.
These and some additional gestures allow you to move around the screen and to
control the individual elements when they’re selected. VoiceOver gestures include
using two and three fingers to tap or flick. For best results when using two- and threefinger gestures, relax and let your fingers touch the screen with some space between
your fingers.
You can use standard gestures when VoiceOver is turned on, by double-tapping and
holding your finger on the screen. A series of tones indicates that normal gestures
are in force. They remain in effect until you lift your finger. Then VoiceOver gestures
resume.
You can use many different techniques to enter VoiceOver gestures. For example, you
can enter a two-finger tap using two fingers from one hand, or one finger from each
hand. You can also use your thumbs. Try different techniques to discover which works
best for you.
If your gestures don’t work, try quicker movements, especially for double-tap and
flicking gestures. To flick, try quickly brushing the screen with your finger or fingers.
You can practice VoiceOver gestures in Settings: choose General > Accessibility >
VoiceOver > Practice Gestures and tap the Practice VoiceOver Gestures button.
Here’s a summary of key VoiceOver gestures:
184 Chapter 25 AccessibilityNavigate and Read
• Tap: Speak item.
• Flick right or left: Select the next or previous item.
• Flick up or down: Depends on the Rotor Control setting. See “Rotor Control” on
page 185.
• Two-finger tap: Stop speaking the current item.
• Two-finger flick up: Read all from top of screen.
• Two-finger flick down: Read all from current position.
• Three-finger flick up or down: Scroll one page at a time.
• Three-finger flick right or left: Go to the next or previous page (such as the Home
screen, Stocks, or Safari).
• Three-finger tap: Speak the scroll status (which page or rows are visible).
Select and Activate
• Double-tap: Activate selected item.
• Touch an item with one finger, tap the screen with another finger (“split-tapping”):
Activate item.
• Double-tap and hold (1 second) + standard gesture: Use a standard gesture.
The double-tap and hold gesture tells iPhone to interpret the subsequent gesture as
standard. For example, you can double-tap and hold, then without lifting your finger,
drag your finger to slide a switch.
• Two-finger double tap: Answer or end a call. Play or pause in iPod, YouTube, Voice
Memos, or Photos. Take a picture (Camera). Start or pause recording in Camera or
Voice Memos. Start or stop the stopwatch.
• Three-finger double tap: Mute or unmute VoiceOver.
• Three-finger triple tap: Turn the display on or off.
Do single-finger flicking gestures quickly, to distinguish them from dragging gestures.
Rotor Control
The rotor control is an invisible dial that you can use to change the results of up and
down flick gestures when VoiceOver is turned on.
Operate the rotor: Rotate two fingers on the iPhone screen to “turn” the dial to
choose between options.
Chapter 25 Accessibility 185The effect of the rotor depends on what you’re doing. For example, if you’re reading
text in an email you received, you can use the rotor to switch between hearing text
spoken word-by-word or character-by-character when you flick up or down. If you’re
browsing a webpage, use the rotor to choose whether you hear text word-by-word
or character-by-character, hear just the headers, hear just the links (all of them, visited
links, or links not yet visited), hear form elements, or hear descriptions of images. In
other words, you can use the rotor setting to hear all the text, or to jump from one
element to another of a certain type, such as headers or links.
Rotor options depend on the context of what you’re doing.
Reading text
• Select and hear text character-by-character
• Select and hear text word-by-word
Browsing a webpage
• Select and hear text character-by-character
• Select and hear text word-by-word
• Select and hear headers
• Select and hear links
• Select and hear form controls
• Select and hear visited links
• Select and hear links not visited
• Select and hear images
• Select and hear static text
• Zoom in or out
Entering text
• Move insertion point and hear text character-by-character
• Move insertion point and text word-by-word
• Text editing functions
• Auto-text
Using a control (such as the spinner for setting the time in Clock)
• Select and hear value character-by-character
• Select and hear value word-by-word
• Adjust the value of the control object
186 Chapter 25 AccessibilityUsing VoiceOver
Select items on the screen: Drag your finger over the screen. VoiceOver identifies
each element as you touch it. You can also move systematically from one element to
the next by flicking left or right with a single finger. Elements are selected from leftto-right, top-to-bottom. Flick right to go to the next element, or flick left to go to the
previous element.
“Tap” a selected item when VoiceOver is turned on: Double-tap anywhere on the
screen.
Speak the text of an element, character by character or word by word: With the
element selected, flick up or down with one finger. Flick down to read the next
character, or flick up to read the previous character. Twist the rotor control to read
word by word.
Adjust a slider: With a single finger, flick up to increase the setting or down to
decrease the setting. VoiceOver announces the setting as you adjust it.
Scroll a list or area of the screen: Flick up or down with three fingers. Flick down
to page down through the list, or flick up to page up through the list. When paging
through a list, VoiceOver speaks the range of items displayed (for example, “showing
rows 5 through 10”).
You can also scroll continuously through a list, instead of paging through it. Doubletap and hold. When you hear a series of tones, you can move your finger up or down
to scroll the list. Continuous scrolling stops when you lift your finger.
Use a list index: Some lists have an alphabetical index along the right side. The index
cannot be selected by flicking between elements; you must touch the index directly
to select it. With the index selected, flick up or down to move along the index. You can
also double-tap, then slide your finger up or down.
Unlock iPhone: Select the Unlock switch, then double-tap the screen.
Rearrange the Home screen: On the Home screen select the icon you want to move.
Double-tap and hold, then drag the icon. VoiceOver speaks the row and column
position as your drag the icon. Release the icon when it’s in the location you want. You
can drag additional icons. Drag an item to the left or right edge of the screen to move
it to another page of the Home screen. When you’re finished rearranging the icons,
press the Home button.
Chapter 25 Accessibility 187Mute VoiceOver Double-tap with three fingers. Double-tap again
with three fingers to turn speaking back on.
To turn off only VoiceOver sounds, set the
Ring/Silent switch to Silent.
Stop speaking an item Tap once with two fingers. Tap again with
two fingers to resume speaking. Speaking
automatically resumes when you select
another item.
Turn off the display while you use VoiceOver Triple-tap with three fingers. Triple-tap again with
three fingers to turn on the display again.
Speak entire screen from the top Flick up with two fingers.
Speak from current item to bottom of screen Flick down with two fingers.
Status information about iPhone can be heard by touching the top of the screen.
This can include the time, battery life, Wi-Fi signal strength, and more.
Entering and Editing Text
When you select a text field with VoiceOver, you can use the onscreen keyboard to
enter text. You can use the editing features of iPhone to cut, copy, or paste in the
text field.
Note: Safari doesn’t support copying webpage content. The editing features work only
in editable text fields.
Enter text:
1 Use VoiceOver to select an editable text field, then double tap to display the insertion
point and bring up the onscreen keyboard. If the field already contains text, the
insertion point is placed at the beginning or at the end of the text. Double-tap again
to place the insertion point at the opposite end. VoiceOver tells you the position of the
insertion point.
The insertion point and onscreen keyboard may appear automatically when you select
a text field. VoiceOver announces when you’re in editing mode.
2 To type, select a key on the keyboard by flicking left or right, then double-tap to
enter the character. Or drag you finger around the keyboard to select a key, and,
while holding the key with one finger, tap the screen with another finger to enter the
character. VoiceOver speaks the key when it’s selected, and again when it’s entered.
To enter an accented character, double-tap and hold until you hear a sound that
indicates the alternate characters have appeared, then drag left or right to select and
hear the choices. Release your finger to enter the current selection.
188 Chapter 25 AccessibilityMove the insertion point: Flick up or down to move the insertion point forward or
backward in the text. VoiceOver makes a sound when the insertion point moves, and
speaks the character that the insertion point moved across. Use the rotor to choose
whether you want to move the insertion point by character or by word.
Select text: Use the rotor to choose edit. Flick up or down to choose between the
Select and Select All functions, then double tap. If you chose Select, the word closest
to the insertion point is selected when you double-tap. If you chose Select All, the
entire text is selected.
Pinch to increase or decrease the selection.
Cut, Copy, or Paste: Make sure the rotor is set to edit. With text selected, flick up or
down to choose Cut, Copy, or Paste, then double-tap.
Undo: Shake iPhone, flick left or right to choose the action to undo, then double-tap.
Using Maps
With VoiceOver, you can zoom in or out, select pins, and get information about
locations.
Zoom in or out: Use the rotor to choose zoom mode, then flick up or down to zoom
in or out.
Select a pin: Touch a pin, or flick left or right to move from one item to another.
Get information about a location: With a pin selected, double-tap to display the
information flag. Flick left or right to select the flag, then double-tap to display the
information page.
Editing Videos and Voice Memos
You can use VoiceOver gestures to trim Camera videos and Voice Memo recordings.
Trim a voice memo: On the Voice Memos screen, select the button to the right of the
memo you want to trim, then double-tap. Then select Trim Memo and double-tap.
Select the beginning or end of the trim tool. Flick up to drag to the right, or flick down
to drag to the left. VoiceOver announces the amount of time the current position will
trim from the recording. To execute the trim, select Trim Voice Memo and double-tap.
Trim a video: While viewing a video, double-tap the screen to display the video
controls. Select the beginning or end of the trim tool. Then flick up to drag to the right,
or flick down to drag to the left. VoiceOver announces the amount of time the current
position will trim from the recording. To execute the trim, select Trim and double-tap.
Zoom
Many iPhone applications let you zoom in and out specific elements. For example,
you can double-tap or use the pinch gesture to expand webpage columns in Safari.
Zoom is a special accessibility feature that lets you magnify the entire screen of any
application you’re using to help you see what’s on the display.
Chapter 25 Accessibility 189Turn Zoom on or off: In Settings, choose General > Accessibility > Zoom and tap the
Zoom On/Off switch.
Note: You cannot use VoiceOver and Zoom at the same time.
Zoom in or out: Double-tap the screen with three fingers. By default, the screen is
magnified by 200 percent. If you manually change the magnification (by using the tapand-drag gesture, described below), iPhone automatically returns to that magnification
when you zoom in by double-tapping with three fingers.
Increase magnification: With three fingers, tap and drag toward the top of the
screen (to increase magnification) or toward the bottom of the screen (to decrease
magnification). The tap-and-drag gesture is similar to a double-tap, except you don’t
lift your fingers on the second tap—instead, drag your fingers on the screen. Once you
start dragging, you can drag with a single finger.
Move around the screen: When zoomed in, drag or flick the screen with three fingers.
Once you start dragging, you can drag with a single finger so that you can see more
of the screen. Hold a single finger near the edge of the display to pan to that side of
the screen image. Move your finger closer to the edge to pan more quickly. When you
open a new screen, Zoom always goes to the top-middle of the screen.
White on Black
Use White on Black to invert the colors on the iPhone display, which may make it
easier to read the screen. The screen looks like a photographic negative when White
on Black is turned on.
Invert the screen’s colors: In Settings, choose General > Accessibility and tap the
“White on Black” switch.
Mono Audio
Mono Audio combines the sound of the left and right channels into a mono signal
played on both sides. This enables users with hearing impairment in one ear to hear
the entire sound signal with the other ear.
Turn Mono Audio on or off: In Settings, choose General > Accessibility and tap the
Mono Audio switch.
Speak Auto-text
Speak Auto-text speaks the text corrections and suggestions iPhone makes when
you’re typing.
Turn Speak Auto-text on or off: In Settings, choose General > Accessibility and tap
the Speak Auto-text switch.
Speak Auto-text also works with VoiceOver or Zoom.
190 Chapter 25 AccessibilityTriple-click Home
Triple-click Home provides an easy way to turn some of the Accessibility features on
or off when you press the Home button quickly three times. You can set Triple-click
Home to turn VoiceOver on or off, turn White on Black on or off, or present the
options to:
• Turn VoiceOver on or off
• Turn Zoom on or off
• Turn White on Black on or off
Triple-click Home is turned off by default.
Set the Triple-click Home function: In Settings, choose General > Accessibility >
Triple-click Home and choose the function you want.
Closed Captioning and Other Helpful Features
Many features available on all models of iPhone help make iPhone accessible to all
users, including those with visual or auditory impairments.
Closed Captioning
You can turn on closed captioning for videos in iPod settings. See “Video” on page 158.
Voice Control
Voice Control (available only on iPhone 3GS) lets you make phone calls and control
iPod music playback by using voice commands. See “Voice Dialing” on page 48, and
“Using Voice Control with iPod” on page 77.
Large Phone Keypad
Make phone calls simply by tapping entries in your contacts and favorites lists. When
you need to dial a number, iPhone’s large numeric keypad makes it easy. See “Phone
Calls” on page 47.
Widescreen Keyboards
Several applications let you rotate iPhone when you’re typing so that you can use a
larger keyboard:
• Mail
• Safari
• Messages
• Notes
• Contacts
Chapter 25 Accessibility 191Visual Voicemail
The play and pause controls in visual voicemail let you control the playback of
messages. Drag the playhead on the scrubber bar to repeat a portion of the message
that’s hard to understand. See “Checking Voicemail” on page 52.
Assignable Ringtones
You can assign distinctive ringtones to individuals in your contacts list for audible
caller ID. You can purchase ringtones from the iTunes Store on iPhone. See “Purchasing
Ringtones” on page 162.
Instant Messaging (IM) Chat
The App Store features many Internet Messaging (IM) applications such as AIM,
BeejiveIM, ICQ, and Yahoo! Messenger that are optimized for iPhone.
Minimum Font Size for Mail Messages
To increase readability, set a minimum font size for Mail message text to Large,
Extra Large, or Giant. See “Mail” on page 152.
TTY Support (Available in Some Areas)
Use iPhone in TTY mode with the iPhone TTY Adapter (available separately) to use
a Teletype (TTY) machine. See “Using iPhone with a Teletype (TTY) Machine” on
page 154.
Universal Access in Mac OS X
Take advantage of the Universal Access features in Mac OS X when you use iTunes
to sync information and content from your iTunes library to iPhone. In the Finder,
choose Help > Mac Help, then search for “universal access.”
For more information about iPhone and Mac OS X accessibility features, go to
www.apple.com/accessibility.
192 Chapter 25 AccessibilityTroubleshooting
A Appendix
Apple iPhone Support Site
Comprehensive support information is available online at
www.apple.com/support/iphone.
General
Low-Battery Image Appears
iPhone is low on power and needs to charge for up to ten minutes before you can use
it. For information about charging iPhone, see “Charging the Battery” on page 43.
or
iPhone Doesn’t Respond
• iPhone may be low on power. Connect iPhone to your computer or to its power
adapter to charge. See “Charging the Battery” on page 43.
• Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button on top of iPhone for a few seconds until a
red slider appears, and then press and hold the Home button until the application
you were using quits.
• If that doesn’t work, turn iPhone off, then turn it on again. Press and hold the Sleep/
Wake button on top of iPhone for a few seconds until a red slider appears, and then
drag the slider. Then press and hold the Sleep/Wake button until the Apple logo
appears.
• If that doesn’t work, reset iPhone. Press and hold both the Sleep/Wake button and
the Home button for at least ten seconds, until the Apple logo appears.
193iPhone Still Doesn’t Respond After Reset
• Reset iPhone settings. From the Home screen choose Settings > General > Reset
> Reset All Settings. All your preferences are reset, but your data and media aren’t
deleted.
• If that doesn’t work, erase all content on iPhone. See “Resetting iPhone” on page 149.
• If that doesn’t work, restore the iPhone software. See “Updating and Restoring
iPhone Software” on page 204.
“This accessory is not made to work with iPhone” Appears
Make sure the dock connector is free of debris.
If you connect iPhone to an accessory not specifically made for it, iPhone may ask
if you want to turn on airplane mode. This is to eliminate radio interference from
cellular signals coming from iPhone. You may be able to use iPhone with the accessory
whether or not you turn on airplane mode. However, the accessory may not charge
iPhone.
If you turn on airplane mode, you won’t be able to make calls, send or receive
text messages, access the Internet, or use Bluetooth devices with iPhone until you
disconnect iPhone from the accessory or turn off airplane mode.
“This accessory is not supported by iPhone” Appears
The accessory you attached may not work with iPhone. Make sure the dock connector
is free of debris.
Connect-to-iTunes Screen Appears
iPhone needs to be activated. Connect iPhone to your computer and open iTunes if it
doesn’t open automatically.
iPhone Is Too Warm
If the interior temperature of iPhone 3G or later exceeds normal operating
temperatures, you may experience the following as it attempts to regulate its
temperature:
• iPhone stops charging
• the display dims
• the cellular signal is weak
• a temperature warning screen appears
Important: You cannot use iPhone while the temperature warning screen is displayed
except to make an emergency call. If none of the above measures succeeds in
lowering the internal temperature, iPhone automatically goes into a deep sleep mode
until it cools. You cannot make an emergency call when iPhone is in this mode. Move
iPhone to a cooler location and wait a few minutes before trying to use iPhone again.
194 Appendix A TroubleshootingiTunes and Syncing
iPhone Doesn’t Appear in iTunes
• The iPhone battery might need to be recharged. For information about charging
iPhone, see “Charging the Battery” on page 43.
• Disconnect other USB devices from your computer and connect iPhone to a
different USB 2.0 port on your computer (not on your keyboard).
• Turn iPhone off and back on again. Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button on top of
iPhone for a few seconds until a red slider appears, then drag the slider. Then press
and hold the Sleep/Wake button until the Apple logo appears. Tap Unlock and enter
your SIM’s PIN if the SIM is locked.
Important: If you enter the PIN incorrectly three times, you may need to enter a
Personal Unlocking Key (PUK) to enable your SIM card again. Refer to the SIM card
documentation or contact your carrier.
• Restart your computer and reconnect iPhone to your computer.
• Download and install (or reinstall) the latest version of iTunes from
www.apple.com/itunes.
Syncing Doesn’t Work
• The iPhone battery might need to be recharged. For information about charging
iPhone, see “Charging the Battery” on page 43.
• Disconnect other USB devices from your computer and connect iPhone to a
different USB 2.0 port on your computer (not on your keyboard).
• Turn iPhone off and back on again. Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button on top of
iPhone for a few seconds until a red slider appears, then drag the slider. Then press
and hold the Sleep/Wake button until the Apple logo appears. Tap Unlock and enter
your SIM’s PIN if the SIM is locked.
Important: If you enter the PIN incorrectly three times, you may need to enter a
Personal Unlocking Key (PUK) to enable your SIM card again. Refer to the SIM card
documentation or contact your carrier.
• Restart your computer and reconnect iPhone to your computer.
• Download and install (or reinstall) the latest version of iTunes from
www.apple.com/itunes.
Contacts, Calendars, or Bookmarks Don’t Sync
• Download and install (or reinstall) the latest version of iTunes from
www.apple.com/itunes.
Appendix A Troubleshooting 195Yahoo! or Google Contacts Doesn’t Sync
iTunes may not be able to connect with Yahoo! or Google. Make sure your computer
is connected to the Internet, and that you’ve entered the correct ID and password in
iTunes. Connect iPhone to your computer, click the Info tab in iTunes, click Configure in
the Contacts section, then enter your current ID and password.
Yahoo! Address Book Still Has Contacts Deleted From iPhone
Yahoo! Address Book doesn’t allow contacts containing a Messenger ID to be deleted
through syncing. To delete a contact containing a Messenger ID, log in to your Yahoo!
account online and delete the contact using Yahoo! Address Book.
Phone and Voicemail
Can’t Make or Receive Calls
• Check the cell signal icon in the status bar at the top of the screen. If there are no
bars, or if it says “No service,” try moving to a different location. If you’re indoors, try
going outdoors or moving closer to a window.
• Check to make sure you’re in an area with network coverage. Go to your carrier’s
website to see network coverage areas.
• Make sure airplane mode isn’t on. From the Home screen choose Settings, then turn
airplane mode off. If that doesn’t work, turn airplane mode on, wait 15 seconds, then
turn airplane mode off again.
• Turn iPhone off and back on again. Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button on top of
iPhone for a few seconds until a red slider appears, then drag the slider. Then press
and hold the Sleep/Wake button until the Apple logo appears. Tap Unlock and enter
your SIM’s PIN if the SIM is locked.
Important: If you enter the PIN incorrectly three times, you may need to enter a
Personal Unlocking Key (PUK) to enable your SIM card again. Refer to the SIM card
documentation or contact your carrier.
• There may be a problem with your wireless service. Call your carrier or go to your
carrier’s website.
• Restore the iPhone software. See “Updating and Restoring iPhone Software” on
page 204.
Visual Voicemail Isn’t Available
Visual Voicemail is delivered over the cellular data network. Because Data Roaming is
turned off by default, you may not have access to the Internet when traveling abroad
unless you turn Data Roaming on. In Settings choose General > Network, then tap
Data Roaming.
Important: Data roaming charges may apply when Data Roaming is on.
196 Appendix A TroubleshootingVisual Voicemail may be an optional service in some countries. Contact your carrier for
more information.
You Can’t Remember Your Voicemail Password
If iPhone prompts you for your password when you tap Voicemail and you don’t
remember your password, tap for instructions on resetting it.
Voicemail Service Is Called When You Tap Voicemail
If the voice instructions prompt you, enter your voicemail password. Otherwise, wait
until you hear any voice instruction, then end the call. After a time, Voicemail should
become available again.
This may occur if you removed the SIM card from iPhone and replace it with another
SIM card.
Safari, Text, Mail, and Contacts
Websites, Text, or Email Aren’t Available
• Check the cell signal icon in the status bar at the top of the screen. If there are no
bars, or if it says “No service,” try moving to a different location. If you’re indoors, try
going outdoors or moving closer to a window.
• Check to make sure you’re in an area with network coverage. Go to your carrier’s
website to see network coverage areas.
• If the cellular network isn’t available, connect to a Wi-Fi network if possible.
• Make sure airplane mode isn’t on. From the Home screen choose Settings, then turn
airplane mode off. If that doesn’t work, turn airplane mode on, wait 15 seconds, then
turn airplane mode off again.
• Make sure to include an area code for every phone number in your contacts list that
you use to send or receive text messages.
• Turn iPhone off and back on again. Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button on top of
iPhone for a few seconds until a red slider appears, then drag the slider. Then press
and hold the Sleep/Wake button until the Apple logo appears. Tap Unlock and enter
your SIM’s PIN if the SIM is locked.
Important: If you enter the PIN incorrectly three times, you may need to enter a
Personal Unlocking Key (PUK) to enable your SIM card again. Refer to the SIM card
documentation or contact your carrier.
• There may be a problem with your wireless service. Call your carrier or go to your
carrier’s website.
Appendix A Troubleshooting 197• If you’re traveling abroad, you may not have Internet access because Data Roaming
is turned off (the default). Turn Data Roaming on or connect to a Wi-Fi network.
To turn Data Roaming on, in Settings choose General > Network and tap Data
Roaming. Data roaming charges may apply.
Important: Data roaming charges may apply. To avoid data roaming charges, turn
Data Roaming off.
• Restore the iPhone software. See “Updating and Restoring iPhone Software” on
page 204.
Can’t Send Email
If iPhone is unable to send email, try the following:
• In Settings, choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars” and select the account you’re trying
to use. Tap Account Info, then tap SMTP under Outgoing Mail Server. Under Other
SMTP Server, tap the SMTP server for your carrier, then tap to turn the server on.
The Under Other SMTP settings also allow you to set up additional SMTP servers.
Contact your carrier or Internet service provider for configuration information.
• Set up your email account directly on iPhone instead of syncing it from iTunes.
In Settings, choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars,” tap Add Account and enter your
account information. If iPhone is unable to locate your service provider’s settings
when you enter your email address, go to www.apple.com/support and search for
HT1277 to get additional help in setting up your account.
• Turn iPhone off, then turn it on again. Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button on top
of iPhone for a few seconds until a red slider appears, and then drag the slider. Then
press and hold the Sleep/Wake button until the Apple logo appears.
• Turn off Wi-Fi so iPhone is connecting to the Internet via the cellular data network.
In Settings, choose Wi-Fi and turn off Wi-Fi.
For additional troubleshooting information, go to www.apple.com/support and search
for TS1426. If you still can’t send email, you can call an Apple Expert (not available in all
countries). Go to www.apple.com/support/expert for information. If Apple Expert is not
available in your country, get a free GMail, Yahoo!, or AOL account and try forwarding
your mail to that account.
Can’t Receive Email
If iPhone is unable to receive email, try the following:
• If you’re using one or more computers to check the same email account, that may
be creating a lock-out issue. For more information, go to www.apple.com/support
and search for TS2621.
198 Appendix A Troubleshooting• Set up your email account directly on iPhone instead of syncing it from iTunes.
In Settings, choose “Mail, Contacts, Calendars,” tap Add Account and enter your
account information. If iPhone is unable to locate your service provider’s settings
when you enter your email address, go to www.apple.com/support and search for
HT1277 to get additional help in setting up your account.
• Turn iPhone off, then turn it on again. Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button on top
of iPhone for a few seconds until a red slider appears, and then drag the slider. Then
press and hold the Sleep/Wake button until the Apple logo appears.
• Turn off Wi-Fi so iPhone is connecting to the Internet via the cellular data network.
In Settings, choose Wi-Fi and turn off Wi-Fi.
For additional troubleshooting information, go to www.apple.com/support and search
for TS1426. If you still can’t receive email, you can call an Apple Expert (not available in
all countries). Go to www.apple.com/support/expert for information. If Apple Expert
is not available in your country, get a free GMail, Yahoo!, or AOL account and try
forwarding your mail to that account.
Email Attachment Won’t Open
The file type may not be supported. iPhone supports the following email attachment
file formats:
.doc Microsoft Word
.docx Microsoft Word (XML)
.htm webpage
.html webpage
.key Keynote
.numbers Numbers
.pages Pages
.pdf Preview, Adobe Acrobat
.ppt Microsoft PowerPoint
.pptx Microsoft PowerPoint (XML)
.rtf Rich Text Format
.txt text
.vcf contact information
.xls Microsoft Excel
.xlsx Microsoft Excel (XML)
Appendix A Troubleshooting 199GAL Contacts Don’t Appear
Check your Microsoft Exchange settings to make sure you’re on the right server. In
Settings, tap “Mail, Contacts, Calendars” and choose an account to display its settings.
If you’re trying to search for GAL contacts in Contacts, tap Groups and tap Directories
at the bottom of the list.
Sound, Music, and Video
No Sound
• Unplug and reconnect the headset. Make sure the connector is pushed in all the
way.
• Make sure the volume isn’t turned down all the way.
• Music on iPhone might be paused. Try pressing the center button on the iPhone
headset (or the equivalent button on your Bluetooth headset) to resume playback.
Or from the Home screen, tap iPod, tap Now Playing, then tap .
• Check to see if a volume limit is set. From the Home screen choose Settings > iPod
> Volume Limit. For more information, see “Music” on page 158.
• Make sure you’re using the latest version of iTunes (go to www.apple.com/itunes).
• If you’re using the optional dock’s line out port, make sure your external speakers or
stereo are turned on and working properly.
Pressing Mic Button Doesn’t Resume Music Playback
iPhone goes to sleep after music has been paused for five minutes. Press the Home
or Sleep/Wake button to wake up iPhone.
Song, Video, or Other Items Won’t Play
The song may have been encoded in a format that iPhone doesn’t support. The
following audio file formats are supported by iPhone. These include formats for
audiobooks and podcasting:
• AAC (M4A, M4B, M4P, up to 320 Kbps)
• Apple Lossless (a high-quality compressed format)
• MP3 (up to 320 Kbps)
• MP3 Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
• WAV
• AA (audible.com spoken word, formats 2, 3, and 4)
• AAX (audible.com spoken word, AudibleEnhanced format)
• AIFF
200 Appendix A TroubleshootingThe following video file formats are supported by iPhone:
• H.264 (Baseline Profile Level 3.0)
• MPEG-4 (Simple Profile)
A song encoded using Apple Lossless format has full CD-quality sound, but takes up
only about half as much space as a song encoded using AIFF or WAV format. The same
song encoded in AAC or MP3 format takes up even less space. When you import music
from a CD using iTunes, it’s converted to AAC format by default.
Using iTunes for Windows, you can convert nonprotected WMA files to AAC or MP3
format. This can be useful if you have a library of music encoded in WMA format.
iPhone doesn’t support WMA, MPEG Layer 1, MPEG Layer 2 audio files, or audible.com
format 1.
If you have a song or video in your iTunes library that isn’t supported by iPhone,
you may be able to convert it to a format iPhone supports. See iTunes Help for more
information.
iTunes Stores
iTunes Store Isn’t Available
To use the iTunes Store, iPhone must be connected to the Internet. See “Connecting to
the Internet” on page 40. The iTunes Store isn’t available in all countries.
Can’t Purchase Content
To purchase content from the iTunes Store or App Store, you must have an iTunes
Store account. Open iTunes on your computer and choose Store > Create Account. You
can also set up an account on iPhone. See “Viewing Account Information” on page 166.
Note: The iTunes Store is available only in some countries.
Removing the SIM Card
If you need to send your iPhone in for service, or if you want to loan your iPhone to
someone and you still want to be able to make calls, you may be able to use the SIM
card inside iPhone with another phone.
Appendix A Troubleshooting 201Remove the SIM card: Insert the end of the SIM eject tool (or a small paper clip) into
the hole on the SIM tray. Press firmly and push it straight in until the tray pops out.
SIM eject SIM tray
tool
SIM card
Backing Up iPhone
iTunes creates backups of settings, downloaded applications and data, and other
information on iPhone. You can use a backup to restore these items to your iPhone
after a software restore or to transfer the information to another iPhone.
Backing up iPhone or restoring from a backup is not the same as syncing content
and other items (such as music, podcasts, ringtones, photos, videos, and applications
that you download via iTunes) with your iTunes library. Backups include settings,
downloaded applications and data, and other information that resides on iPhone.
You can restore these items from a backup using iTunes, but you may also have to sync
your iTunes library content again.
Applications downloaded from the App Store are backed up the next time you sync
with iTunes. Afterwards, only application data is backed up when you sync with iTunes.
Creating Backups
Backups can be created in the following ways:
• Once iPhone has been configured to sync with a particular computer, iTunes
automatically makes a backup of iPhone on that computer when you sync. iTunes
won’t automatically back up an iPhone that isn’t configured to sync with that
computer. If you’ve configured iPhone to automatically sync with iTunes on a
specific computer, iTunes will back up iPhone every time you connect it to that
computer. Automatic syncing is turned on by default. iTunes only makes one backup
each time you connect, even if you sync multiple times before disconnecting.
• If you choose to update the software on iPhone, iTunes will back up iPhone
automatically, even if it isn’t configured to sync with iTunes on that computer.
• If you choose to restore the software on iPhone, iTunes asks if you want to back up
iPhone before restoring.
If you use a Bluetooth headset or car kit with iPhone and you restore settings,
you must pair the Bluetooth device with iPhone again to use it.
202 Appendix A TroubleshootingFor more information about backups, including the settings and information stored in
a backup, go to www.apple.com/support and search for HT1766.
Restoring from a Backup
You can restore the settings, application data, and other information from a backup,
or use this feature to transfer these items to another iPhone.
Restore iPhone from a backup:
1 Connect iPhone to the computer you normally sync with.
2 In iTunes, Control-click iPhone in the sidebar and choose “Restore from Backup” from
the menu that appears.
3 Choose the backup that you want to restore from the pop-up menu, then click Restore.
If your backup is encrypted, you’ll need to enter your password.
After restoring from a backup, previous data is no longer accessible via the iPhone
user interface, but it isn’t erased from your iPhone. For information about erasing all
content and settings, see “Resetting iPhone” on page 149.
Important: Restoring iPhone from a backup restores all data in the backup, including
data for other applications. If you choose an old backup, restoring from it could replace
the data for applications with data that is not current.
Removing a Backup
You can remove a backup of iPhone from the list of backups in iTunes. You may want
to do this, for example, if a backup was created on someone else’s computer.
Remove a backup:
1 In iTunes, open iTunes Preferences.
• Windows: Choose Edit > Preferences.
• Mac: Choose iTunes > Preferences.
2 Click Devices (iPhone does not need to be connected).
3 Select the backup you want to remove, then click Delete Backup.
4 Confirm you wish to remove the selected backup by clicking Delete Backup.
5 Click OK to close the iTunes Preferences Window.
Appendix A Troubleshooting 203Updating and Restoring iPhone Software
You can use iTunes to update or reinstall iPhone software, restore default settings,
and delete all data on iPhone.
• If you update, the iPhone software is updated. Your downloaded applications,
settings, and data aren’t affected.
Note: In some cases, an update may also include restoring iPhone.
• If you restore, the latest version of iPhone software is reinstalled, settings are restored
to their defaults, and data stored on iPhone is deleted, including downloaded
applications, songs, videos, contacts, photos, calendar information, and any other
data. If you’ve backed up iPhone with iTunes on your computer, you can restore data
from the backup at the end of the restore process.
Deleted data is no longer accessible via the iPhone user interface, but isn’t erased from
your iPhone. For information about erasing all content and settings, see “Resetting
iPhone” on page 149.
Update or restore iPhone:
1 Make sure you have an Internet connection and have installed the latest version of
iTunes from www.apple.com/itunes.
2 Connect iPhone to your computer.
3 Select iPhone in the iTunes sidebar and click the Summary tab.
4 Click “Check for Update.” iTunes tells you if there’s a newer version of the iPhone
software available.
5 Click Update to install the latest version of the software. Or click Restore to restore.
Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the restore process.
For more information about updating and restoring iPhone software, go to
www.apple.com/support and search for HT1414.
204 Appendix A TroubleshootingOther Resources
B Appendix
Safety, Software, and Service Information
The following table describes where to get more iPhone-related safety, software, and
service information.
To learn about Do this
Using iPhone safely See the Important Product Information Guide at
www.apple.com/support/manuals/iphone for the
latest safety and regulatory information.
iPhone service and support, tips, forums, and
Apple software downloads
Go to www.apple.com/support/iphone.
Service and support from your carrier Contact your carrier or go to your carrier’s
website.
The latest information about iPhone Go to www.apple.com/iphone.
Using iTunes Open iTunes and choose Help > iTunes Help. For
an online iTunes tutorial (available in some areas
only), go to www.apple.com/support/itunes.
MobileMe Go to www.me.com.
Using iPhoto on Mac OS X Open iPhoto and choose Help > iPhoto Help.
Using Address Book on Mac OS X Open Address Book and choose Help > Address
Book Help.
Using iCal on Mac OS X Open iCal and choose Help > iCal Help.
205To learn about Do this
Microsoft Outlook, Windows Address Book,
Adobe Photoshop Album, and Adobe
Photoshop Elements
See the documentation that came with those
applications.
Finding your iPhone serial number or
International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)
number
You can find your iPhone serial and IMEI numbers
on the iPhone packaging. Or, on iPhone, choose
Settings > General > About from the Home
screen. In iTunes on your computer, hold down
the Control key and choose Help > About iTunes
(Windows) or iTunes > About iTunes (Mac), then
release the Control key. (Press the Space bar to
pause the scrolling.)
Obtaining warranty service First follow the advice in this guide and online
resources. Then go to www.apple.com/support
or see the Important Product Information Guide at
www.apple.com/support/manuals/iphone.
Battery replacement service Go to www.apple.com/support/iphone/service/
battery.
Using iPhone in an enterprise environment Go to www.apple.com/iphone/enterprise.
Viewing the User Guide on iPhone
The iPhone User Guide, optimized for viewing on iPhone, is available at
help.apple.com/iphone.
View the guide on iPhone: In Safari, tap , then tap the iPhone User Guide bookmark.
Add an icon for the guide to the Home screen: When viewing the guide, tap , then
tap “Add to Home Screen.”
The iPhone User Guide is available in many languages.
View guide in a different language: Tap “Change Language” at the bottom of the
screen on the main contents page, then choose the language you want.
Disposal and Recycling Information
Apple Used Mobile Phone Recycling Program (available in some areas): For free
recycling of your old mobile phone, a prepaid shipping label, and instructions, see:
www.apple.com/environment/recycling
206 Appendix B Other ResourcesiPhone Disposal and Recycling: You must dispose of iPhone properly according to
local laws and regulations. Because iPhone contains electronic components and a
battery, iPhone must be disposed of separately from household waste. When iPhone
reaches its end of life, contact local authorities to learn about disposal and recycling
options, or simply drop it off at your local Apple retail store or return it to Apple. The
battery will be removed and recycled in an environmentally friendly manner. For more
information, see: www.apple.com/environment/recycling
European Union—Electronics and Battery Disposal Information: This symbol means
that according to local laws and regulations your product and its battery should
be recycled separately from household waste. When this product reaches its end of
life, take it to a collection point designated by local authorities for the recycling of
electronic equipment. The improper disposal of waste electronic equipment from
the consumer may be subject to fines. The separate collection and recycling of your
product and its battery at the time of disposal will help conserve natural resources
and ensure that it is recycled in a manner that protects human health and the
environment.
For collection and recycling schemes for iPhone, go to:
www.apple.com/environment/recycling/nationalservices/europe.html
Battery Replacement for iPhone: The rechargeable battery in iPhone should be
replaced only by an authorized service provider. For battery replacement services go
to: www.apple.com/support/iphone/service/battery
Deutschland: Dieses Gerät enthält Batterien. Bitte nicht in den Hausmüll werfen.
Entsorgen Sie dieses Gerätes am Ende seines Lebenszyklus entsprechend der
maßgeblichen gesetzlichen Regelungen.
Nederlands: Gebruikte batterijen kunnen worden ingeleverd bij de chemokar of in een
speciale batterijcontainer voor klein chemisch afval (kca) worden gedeponeerd.
Türkiye: EEE yönetmelig?ine (Elektrikli ve Elektronik Es¸yalarda Bazi Zararli Maddelerin
Kullaniminin Sinirlandirilmasina Dair Yönetmelik) uygundur.
Apple and the Environment
At Apple, we recognize our responsibility to minimize the environmental
impacts of our operations and products. For more information go to:
www.apple.com/environment
Appendix B Other Resources 207Index
3G 21, 41
12-hour time 147
24-hour time 147
A
accessibility
features 182
Mono Audio 190
setting up iPhone using VoiceOver 11
settings 149
Speak Auto-text 190
Triple-click Home 191
VoiceOver 183
White on Black 190
Zoom 189
accounts 16, 150
“push” 18, 151
activating iPhone 10
adjusting brightness 142
Adobe Photoshop 97
Adobe Photoshop Elements 15
airplane mode
settings 138
status icon 21
turning on 138
alarms
deleting 133
setting 133
status icon 22
turning on or off 133
album covers 78
album tracks 79
alert
voicemail 52
alerts
adjusting volume 27, 141
calendar 96
turning on or off 141
alternate audio language 83
answering calls 39
anti-phishing. See Safari fraud warning
App Store
about 167
browsing 167
deleting applications 171
Genius 168
store account 159, 167
syncing 12
syncing purchased content 172
updating applications 172
verifying purchases 166
applications 23
deleting 171
attachments
email 62
audio
alternate language 83
mono 190
audio file formats, supported 201
audiobooks
syncing 12
Auto-Brightness 142
AutoFill 69, 156
auto-lock, setting time for 145
AV cables 84
B
backing up iPhone 14
backups
creating 202
removing 203
restoring from 203
battery
charging 43
low on power 44, 193
maximizing life 44
replacing 44, 206
status icon 22
Bluetooth
finding address 143
headset 26, 38, 39, 48, 49, 50, 74, 77, 78, 82, 104,
108, 126, 200, 202
routing calls back through iPhone 56
status icon 22
turning on or off 144
unpairing device 56
Index
208bookmarking
map locations 119
webpages 69
YouTube videos 108, 109
bookmarks, syncing 12, 14, 69
brightness
adjusting 142
setting to adjust automatically 142
browser cache, clearing 157
browsing
album covers 78
App Store 167
iTunes Music Store 161
YouTube videos 107
businesses, finding 121
buttons, changing 85
C
cable, Dock Connector to USB 11, 21
cache, clearing browser 157
Calculator 135
scientific 136
Calendar
about 91
searching 93
views 92
See also events
calendars, syncing 12, 14, 91
call forwarding 154
call options 49
call waiting, turning on or off 154
caller ID, hiding or showing 154
calls
no service 196
See also phone
Camera
deleting pictures 104
exposure 104
focus 104
seeing photos and videos you’ve taken 104, 105
taking pictures 104
upload pictures to your computer 106
caps lock, enabling 148
carrier services 155
Cc 152
cell signal, status icon 21
cellular network 41
charging battery 43
cleaning iPhone 46
Clock 132
clocks, adding 132
closed captioning, turning on or off 158
Compass
current coordinates 174
heading 174
True and Magnetic North 174
component AV cable 84
composite AV cable 84
computer requirements 9
conference calls 50
configuration profiles 18
connecting to Internet 40
contacts
adding and editing 178
adding from Maps 119
adding from text messages 89
assigning photo to 102
favorite 54
GAL (Global Address List) 59, 177, 200
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol) 177
seeing location of 119
send info by email 60
setting how displayed 153
setting how sorted 153
syncing 12, 13, 14, 176
using to call someone 47
Yahoo! Address Book 14
controls, using 28
converting
videos 73
converting unprotected WMA files 201
cookies 157
copying
images 100
photos and videos in MMS messages 88
text 33
Cover Flow 78
current approximate location 119, 174
cutting and pasting text 33
D
data, erasing 17, 45, 145, 149
date and time, setting 147
date format 148
debug console 157
declining calls 49
deleting
alarms 133
all content and settings 45, 149
applications from the App Store 171
clocks 132
contacts 178
contacts from Favorites 54
email account 151
email messages 64
notes 130
pictures 104
playlists 81
removing 203
songs from a playlist 81
videos 84
Index 209YouTube playlists 110
YouTube videos from a playlist 110
developer settings 157
Dialing a phone number 47
directions, getting 119
disconnecting iPhone from computer 19
display freezes 194
Dock Connector 125
Dock Connector to USB cable 11, 21
downloading
applications 170
podcasts 164
E
EDGE 40
editing
text 33
text conversations 89
videos 106
effects sounds, turning on or off 141
email accounts
syncing 12
emergency calls 51
ending calls 39
enterprise, using iPhone 206
equalizer 158
erasing data 17, 45, 145, 149
events, calendar 94
Exchange. See Microsoft Exchange
exposure 104
F
favorites
calling a contact from 47, 54
managing 54
sending text messages 87
Fetch New Data 151
file formats, supported 62, 199, 200, 201
Find My iPhone 17, 45
focus 104
force quit an application 46
formats
date, time, and telephone number 148
forwarding messages 60
G
GAL (Global Address List) 59, 177, 200
Genius Mixes 73, 80
Genius playlists 76, 79
Genius, App Store 168
gestures, VoiceOver 184
getting help 205
getting started 9
Google search engine 156
Google
Contacts 14, 196
searching the web 69
GPRS 40
GPS 116
grab points 34
H
hands-free phone calls 50, 144
headset
about 21, 39
center button 21, 26, 38, 39, 48, 49, 50, 74, 77, 78,
82, 104, 108, 126, 200
using with Voice Memos 125
headset button. See mic button
help, getting 205
hold, putting calls on 50
Home screen 23, 29
adding web clips 70
customizing 25
hybrid view 118
I
iCal 14, 205
ICCID number 143
icons
applications 23
status 21
See also buttons
images
copying 100
pasting 100
IMAP
accounts 59
searching email 64
IMEI number 143
installing
applications from the App Store 170
configuration profiles 18
international keyboards 35, 148
Internet, connecting to 40
iPhoto 15, 205
iPod
changing browse buttons 85
converting videos for iPhone 73
deleting videos 84
Genius Mixes 80
Genius playlists 79
headset controls 39
on-the-go playlists 81, 110
playing songs using Voice Control 77
repeating or shuffling songs 76
searching 79, 83
settings 158
Shake to Shuffle 73, 158
sleep timer 84
210 IndexiTunes Store
about 160
account 10, 159, 160, 163, 167
browsing 161
checking download status 165
purchasing ringtones 162
purchasing songs and albums 162
streaming or downloading podcasts 164
syncing purchased content 165
verifying purchases 166
iTunes U
syncing 12, 15, 71
iTunes
getting help 205
iPhone doesn’t appear in 195
settings panes 13
K
keyboards
Emoji 35
international 35, 148
typing on 32
keypad, numbers 50
L
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) 177
links
in email 62
on webpages 67
location. See Maps
Location Services 144
location warnings 150
locking iPhone 22, 26, 27
lyrics, displaying 75
M
Mac system requirements 9
magnetic north 173
Mail
account setup 59, 150
attachments 62, 199
Cc 152
checking for new messages 60, 64
deleting email account 151
deleting messages 64
forwarding messages 60
links 62
load additional messages 61
marking messages as unread 63
organizing email 65
password settings 151
problems opening an attachment 199
reading messages 61
replying to messages 60
resizing text column 61
saving drafts 60
searching 64
seeing recipients 63
sending email to someone you’ve texted 89
sending messages 59
sending photos and videos 60
sending webpage addresses 67
sending YouTube video links 108, 109
settings 150, 151
share contact information 60
signatures 152
storing email on iPhone or server 151
syncing email account settings 12
Yahoo! email account 18
zooming in a message 61
Maps
adding location to a contact 119
bookmarking location 119
current approximate location 116, 119
dropped pin 117
finding businesses 121
finding location 114
getting directions 119
GPS 116
hybrid view 118
satellite view 118
seeing location of a contact 119
share location 119
traffic conditions 121
zooming 115
Messages
contacting someone you’ve texted 89
editing conversations 89
following links in messages 89
previews 90
replying to messages 87
saving a photo or video clip 88
saving conversations 87
sending a photo or video clip 88
sending messages 86
setting alert sounds 90
settings 157
show earlier messages 87
mic button 39
microphone
about 39
built-in 125
muting 50
microphone, external 125
Microsoft Excel 156
Microsoft Exchange 16, 23, 25, 59, 176
push accounts 18
searching email 64
setting up account 16
syncing 16, 57, 91
Microsoft Internet Explorer 14, 69
Index 211Microsoft Outlook 14, 15
Microsoft Word 156
missed calls
number of 52
returning 47
MMS 23, 24, 86, 88, 89, 97, 98, 100, 101, 116, 119, 128,
157
See also Messages
MobileMe 16, 23, 25, 176
getting help 205
push accounts 18
searching email 64
security features 17, 45
sending photos to a gallery 100
setting up account 16
syncing 57, 69, 91
model number 142
modem firmware version 143
Mono Audio 190
movies
rented 15, 83
syncing 12
music
lyrics 75
managing manually 14
previewing 162
purchasing 162
searching 79
syncing 12, 15, 71
See also iPod
music videos
syncing 12
muting a call 50
N
navigating. See panning, scrolling
Network activity
status icon 22
networks 139
Nike + iPod
settings 159, 181
north, true and magnetic 173
Notes 130
searching 131
syncing 12
NTSC 159
O
on-the-go playlists 81
orientation, changing 66
Outlook Express. See Windows Address Book
Outlook. See Microsoft Outlook
overview, iPhone applications 23
P
pairing with Bluetooth headset 55
PAL 159
panning
maps 115
webpages 67
parental controls. See Restrictions
passcode 145
password
changing 155
voicemail 197
pasting
images 100
photos and videos in MMS messages 88
text 33
pausing songs and videos 39
PC system requirements 9
phone network name 142
Phone
adding and editing contacts 178
answering calls 39, 40, 49
call waiting 154
calling internationally 56
calling someone you’ve texted 89
carrier services 155
changing voicemail password 155
conference calls 50
declining calls 40, 49
emergency calls 51
ending calls 39, 40, 50
forwarding calls 154
hands-free 50
hiding or showing caller ID 154
locking SIM card 155
making calls 47
missed calls 52
muting calls 50
putting calls on hold 50
ring mode 54
routing calls back through iPhone 56
second calls 50
setting up voicemail 52
settings 153
silencing calls 49
silent mode 54
switching between calls 40, 50
turning on vibrate 54
unpairing Bluetooth device 56
using favorites 54
using speakerphone 50
using TTY machine 154
voice dialing 48
voicemail 51, 52
voicemail alerts 52
photo albums 99
212 Indexphotos
saving MMS attachments 88
sending in MMS messages 88
Photos
assigning photos to contacts 102
emailing photos 100
playing music during slideshow 100
sending in email messages 60
settings 99, 159
syncing 12, 15, 97
using photos as wallpaper 102
viewing slideshows 99
zooming photos 99
See also Camera
pictures
taking 104
See also Camera, Photos
PIN number 155
playlists, making 81
plug-ins 156
podcasts
downloading 164
streaming 164
syncing 12, 15, 71
pop-ups 156
power adapter 21
power, low 44
previewing
music 162
ringtones 162
videos 163
previewings
text messages 90
problems. See troubleshooting
purchased content
syncing 165, 172
purchasing
applications 167
iTunes content 72
music 160, 162
ringtones 162
videos 163
push accounts 18, 151
R
reading email 61
Recents, using to call someone 47
rechargeable batteries 44
removing
backups 203
SIM card 201
rented movies 83
renting
movies 15
videos 163
repeating 76
replacing battery 44, 206
replying to messages 60
requirements for using iPhone 9
reset iPhone 46
resizing webpage columns 67
restarting 46
restoring iPhone software 204
restoring settings and information 203
restrictions, setting 146
ring mode 28, 54, 141
ringer
adjusting volume 27, 141
turning on or off 141
Ring/Silent switch 28, 54
ringtones
previewing 162
purchasing 162
setting 55, 141
syncing 12
rotor control 185
routing calls back through iPhone 56
S
Safari
AutoFill 69, 156
bookmarking webpages 69
clearing cache 157
cookies 157
Debug Console 157
developer settings 157
fraud warning 156
Home screen web clips 70
navigating 67
opening webpages 66, 68
plug-ins 156
pop-ups 156
reloading webpages 67
resizing columns to fit screen 67
saving images to your Photo Library 67
searching the web 69
security 156
sending webpage addresses in email 67
settings 156
stopping webpages from loading 67
syncing bookmarks 12, 14
typing in text fields 68
zooming webpages 67
satellite view 118
screen 142
setting to adjust automatically 142
using 28
screen reader 11
scrolling
about 29
maps 115
webpages 67
Index 213search engine 156
searching
App Store 167
calendars 93
global 37
iTunes Music Store 161
Mail messages 64
music 79
notes 131
videos 83
searching the web 69
searching YouTube videos 107
security
erase data after ten failed passcode attempts 145
features 45
Find My iPhone 17, 45
setting passcode for iPhone 145
web 156
selecting text 34
sending
email 59
photos and video clips 88
photos from Photos 100
text messages 86
voice memos 88
serial number, finding 142, 206
service and support information 205
settings
accessibility 149
accounts 150
airplane mode 138
alarms 133
alerts 90, 96
auto-capitalization 148
auto-correction 33, 148
auto-lock 145
Bluetooth 144
brightness 142
Calendar 92, 96
date and time 92, 147
developer 157
email server 151
Fetch New Data 151
international 148
iPod 158
language 148
location services 144
Mail, Contacts, Calendars 150
Mail 150
messages 157
Nike + iPod 159, 181
notifications 140
passcode lock 145
Phone 153
Photos 99, 159
resetting 149
restrictions 146
Safari 69, 156
screen brightness 142
security 156
Shake to Shuffle 158
slideshow 99
sound 90, 96
Store 159
temperature 124
TV out 159
usage statistics 143
vibrate 54
video 158
VoiceOver 182
VPN 144
wallpaper 102, 142
Wi-Fi 139
Shake to Shuffle 73, 158
sharing
photos and videos in email messages 60
photos and videos in MMS messages 88
shuffling songs 76
signatures, email 152
silencing calls 49
silent mode 28, 54, 141
SIM card, locking 155
sleep. See locking iPhone
sleep timer 84
slideshows 99, 100
settings 159
SMS 86
See also Messages
software
getting help 205
updating and restoring 204
version 142
sound
adjusting ringer and alerts volume 141
adjusting volume 27
no sound 200
setting limit 158
Sound Check 158
sound effects 27
sounds
adjusting volume 40
calendar alert 96
setting ringtone 141
turning on or off 141
Speak Auto-text 190
speakerphone 50
SSL 151
star next to a phone number 179
Starbucks, browsing and purchasing music 161
status icons 21
stock information, Yahoo! 113
Stocks, adding and deleting quotes 112
214 Indexstopwatch, using 133
storage capacity 142
Store, settings 159
streaming podcasts 164
subtitles 83
surfing the web 66
switching between calls 50
syncing
calendars 91
getting calls during 19
Google Contacts 14, 196
iTunes library contents 12
Microsoft Exchange 16, 57, 91
MobileMe 16, 57, 91
photos 97
preventing 15
purchased songs 165
“Sync in progress” message 19
webpage bookmarks 69
Yahoo! Address Book 196
syncing voice memos 129
system requirements 9
T
taking pictures 104
telephone. See Phone
telephone number format 148
text
cutting or copying 33
pasting 33
typing 32
text messaging. See Messages
Text
typing in webpages 68
time format 148
time zone support 92, 93, 147, 153
time, setting 147
timer
setting 134
sleep 134
touchscreen, using 28
traffic conditions, checking 121
transfer settings and information 202
transferring
purchased content 73, 165
transferring purchased content 172
transferring settings and information 203
transition effects, setting 159
trimming videos 106
Triple-click Home setting 191
troubleshooting
backing up 202
can’t browse websites 197
can’t make a call 196
can’t open an attachment 199
can’t purchase music or applications 201
can’t text 197
display freezes 193
email not available 197
GAL contacts don’t appear 200
iPhone calls voicemail service 197
iPhone doesn’t appear in iTunes 195
iPhone doesn’t respond 193
iPhone doesn’t turn on 193
no sound 200
problems playing songs or other content 200
removing the SIM card 201
restarting 46
software update and restore 204
true north 173
TTY machine, using 154
turning iPhone on or off 26
TV shows
syncing 15
TV shows, syncing 12
TV signal settings 159
typing
keyboard 32
in webpage text fields 68
U
undoing edits 34
unlocking iPhone 27
unpairing Bluetooth device 56
unread messages, marking 63
unsupported audio file formats 201
updating iPhone software 204
usage statistics
battery percentage 143
resetting 143
seeing 143
USB
cable 11, 21
port 11
power adapter 21
V
vibrate, setting 54, 141
video settings 158
videos
alternate audio language 83
converting for iPhone 73
deleting 84
editing 106
previewing 163
purchasing 163
saving MMS attachments 88
searching 83
sending in MMS messages 88
subtitles 83
syncing 12, 15, 71
trimming 106
Index 215watching on a TV 84
See also iPod, Music, YouTube
virtual private network. See VPN
Voice Control
making phone calls 38, 48
playing songs 38, 77
using with headset 40
Voice Memos
attaching to MMS messages 128
emailing 128
recording 125
syncing 129
trimming 128
voicemail
about 51
alerts 52
changing password 155
checking and managing 52
forgotten password 197
greeting 52
setting up 52
VoiceOver
about 183
entering and editing text 188
gestures 184
rotor control 185
setting up iPhone using 11
volume
adjusting 27, 40
adjusting for ringer and alerts 141
setting limit 158
VPN
accessing networks using 42
configuring 144
set up by configuration profile 18
turning on or off 144
W
waking iPhone 27
wallpaper
choosing 142
settings 102
using photo as 102
warranty service 206
watching videos on a TV 84
weather information, Yahoo! 124
Weather
adding cities 123
deleting cities 124
temperature settings 124
viewing 123
web. See Safari
web clips, adding to Home screen 70
webpages
bookmarking 69
syncing 12, 14
White on Black 190
Wi-Fi
addresses 143
forgetting a network 140
joining networks 41, 139
settings 139
status icon 22
turning on or off 139
Windows Address Book 14
Windows XP 9
WMA files, converting 201
“Works with iPhone” logo 125
World Clock 132
Y
Yahoo!
Address Book 14, 196
search engine 156
search using 69
searching using 69
stock information 113
weather information 124
YouTube
bookmarking videos 108, 109
browsing videos 107
emailing links 108, 109
playing videos 108
searching for videos 107
Z
Zoom (Accessibility feature) 189
zooming
email messages 61
maps 115
photos 99
webpages 67
216 IndexK Apple Inc.
© 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
Apple, the Apple logo, Cover Flow, iCal, iPhoto, iPod,
iTunes, Keynote, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, Numbers,
Pages, Safari, and Spotlight are trademarks of Apple Inc.,
registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Finder, iPhone, Multi-Touch, and Shuffle are trademarks
of Apple Inc.
iTunes Store is a service mark of Apple Inc., registered in
the U.S. and other countries.
App Store and MobileMe are service marks of Apple Inc.
The Nike + iPod Sport Kit is covered by one or more
of U.S. patent numbers 6,018,705, 6,052,654, 6,493,652,
6,298,314, 6,611,789, 6,876,947, and 6,882,955, either
alone or when used in combination with a Nike + iPod
enabled iPod media player or iPhone 3GS.
The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are registered
trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of
such marks by Apple Inc. is under license.
Adobe and Photoshop are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the U.S.
and/or other countries.
Other company and product names mentioned herein
may be trademarks of their respective companies.
Mention of third-party products is for informational
purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement
nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility
with regard to the performance or use of these
products. All understandings, agreements, or warranties,
if any, take place directly between the vendors and the
prospective users. Every effort has been made to ensure
that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is
not responsible for printing or clerical errors.
019-1650/2009-09
ð
Macintosh
User’s Guide
the Includes setup, troubleshooting, and important health-related
information for the Macintosh LC 630 DOS Compatible K Apple Computer, Inc.
© 1995 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the
written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying
software license agreement.
The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other
countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without
the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair
competition in violation of federal and state laws.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is
not responsible for printing or clerical errors.
Apple Computer, Inc.
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014-2084
(408) 996-1010
Apple, the Apple logo, AppleShare, AppleTalk, ImageWriter, LaserWriter, Macintosh,
MacTCP, ProDOS, QuickTime, and StyleWriter are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.,
registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Apple Desktop Bus, AppleScript, Balloon Help, Disk First Aid, Finder, Macintosh PC
Exchange, PlainTalk, PowerTalk, and QuickDraw GX are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
Adobe, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems
Incorporated, which may be registered in certain jurisdictions.
Epson is a registered trademark of Seiko Epson Corporation.
ExposurePro is a registered trademark of Baseline Publishing, Inc.
Helvetica and Times are registered trademarks of Linotype-Hell AG and/or its subsidiaries.
Hewlett-Packard, LaserJet, and PCL are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company.
MacLink Plus is a trademark of Data Viz., Inc.
Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.Windows is a
trademark of Microsoft Corporation and SoftWindows is a trademark used under license.
NetWare is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc.
QMS is a registered trademark of QMS, Inc.
QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark, Inc.
Sound Blaster is a trademark of Creative Technology, Ltd.
SuperPaint is a trademark of Aldus Corporation, a subsidiary of Adobe Systems Incorporated
which may be registered in certain jurisdictions.
Tektronix is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc.
Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada.
Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an
endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the
performance or use of these products.iii
Communications regulation information vii
Preface Your DOS-compatible Macintosh computer ix
1 Getting Started 1
Plugging in the computer 1
Installing an expansion card 3
Connecting a monitor 3
Connecting the mouse and keyboard 6
Connecting other equipment 7
Turning the computer on 8
Problems turning your computer on? 10
What’s next? 11
Learning the basics 12
Reviewing the basics 13
Turning the computer off 14
Where to find answers 15
Contents2 Getting Help 17
Getting answers to your questions 18
Identifying objects on the screen 26
Learning useful shortcuts 27
3 Connecting Additional Equipment 29
Where to connect additional equipment 30
Connecting an Apple PlainTalk Microphone 31
Connecting external stereo speakers 32
Connecting a game controller 33
Expanding memory 34
Installing internal drives 34
4 Installing and Using Application Programs in the
Macintosh Environment 35
Installing Macintosh application programs 36
Working with several programs at a time 37
Backing up your files 38
5 Operating in the PC Environment 39
Switching between the Macintosh and PC environments 40
Setting up the PC environment 42
Working in the PC environment 44
Running network software 53
Using multimedia, MIDI, and game application programs 54
Using Macintosh peripherals in the PC environment 55
Using PC peripherals 59
iv Contents6 Configuring the PC Environment 61
Choosing settings 62
Configuring the PC serial ports 63
Setting the monitor 64
Setting the time and date 64
Setting shared memory 65
Choosing shared folders or volumes 67
Turning on PC sounds 69
Configuring drives C and D 70
Managing PC files from the Mac OS 71
Changing the size of the drive container 72
Understanding the status line 76
7 Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 77
When you have questions 77
When you run into trouble 77
Solutions to common problems 80
Initializing a hard disk 93
Repairing a damaged disk 97
Installing or reinstalling Mac OS system software 102
8 Troubleshooting in the PC Environment 113
When you have questions 113
Reinstalling the DOS-Compatibility Software 119
Contents vAppendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 129
Health-related information about computer use 129
Safety instructions 134
Handling your computer equipment 135
Cleaning your equipment 139
Locking and unlocking the mouse 141
Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card or Memory for the PC
Environment 143
Opening the computer 145
Installing a communication card 148
Installing a SIMM for the PC environment 149
Closing the computer 154
Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard 157
Appendix D Installing Macintosh Easy Open 159
Choosing an application to open a document 159
Using the Macintosh Easy Open control panel 161
Appendix E Installing Network Management Software 163
Installing NetWare client software 163
Installing Novell’s LAN Workplace for DOS TCP/IP software 167
Installing NetManage’s Chameleon TCP/IP software 169
Installing Windows for Workgroups 173
Installing Spry’s Air Series TCP/IP software 173
Installing Mosaic 177
Index 179
vi ContentsCommunications regulation information
FCC statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device
in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to
radio or television reception is suspected.
Radio and television interference
The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency
energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s
instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device
in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed
to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However,
there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by turning it off. If
the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices.
If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television reception, try to correct
the interference by using one or more of the following measures:
m Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops.
m Move the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio.
m Move the computer farther away from the television or radio.
m Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio.
(That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by
different circuit breakers or fuses.)
If necessary, consult an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple. See the service and support
information that came with your Apple product. Or, consult an experienced radio/television
technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet helpful: Interference
Handbook (stock number 004-000-00493-1). This booklet, prepared by the Federal
Communications Commission, is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402.
IMPORTANT Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by Apple Computer, Inc.,
could void the FCC Certification and negate your authority to operate the product.
This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of Apple
peripheral devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is
important that you use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and connectors between
system components to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets,
and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple peripheral devices and the proper shielded
cables and connectors through an Apple-authorized dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices,
contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance.
Communications regulation information viiDOC statement
DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio
noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard
entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Observation des normes—Classe B Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits
radioélectriques applicables aux appareils numériques de Classe B prescrites dans la norme
sur le matériel brouilleur : “Appareils Numériques”, NMB-003 édictée par le ministre des
Communications.
VCCI statement
CD-ROM drive
WARNING Making adjustments or performing procedures other than those specified in your
equipment’s manual may result in hazardous exposure.
WARNING Do not attempt to disassemble the cabinet containing the laser. The laser beam used in
this product is harmful to the eyes. The use of optical instruments, such as magnifying lenses,
with this product increases the potential hazard to your eyes. For your safety, have this
equipment serviced only by an Apple-authorized service provider.
If you have an internal Apple CD-ROM drive in your computer, your computer is a Class 1
laser product. The Class 1 label, located on the computer, indicates that the drive meets
minimum safety requirements. A service warning label is on the CD-ROM drive inside the
computer.
viii Communications regulation informationYour Macintosh includes hardware and software that let you use DOS and
Windows application programs directly on your Macintosh computer. It
contains a high-performance microprocessor that’s fully compatible with the
latest DOS and Windows software. You can
m simultaneously run Macintosh operating system (Mac OS) and PC
application programs
m switch between the Mac OS and PC environment at any time without
quitting the applications you’re using
m view the current environment on a single monitor
m use the same hard disk for both Mac OS and PC software
m share files and folders (directories) between the Mac OS and the PC
environment
m cut, copy, and paste data between Mac OS and DOS or Windows
documents
m use your Macintosh keyboard and mouse with PC software
m use your Macintosh modem, monitor, and printer with PC software, or
connect PC-compatible equipment
m use a joystick or other game controller with PC application programs
ix
Your DOS-Compatible Macintosh Computerm share the random-access memory (RAM) in your Macintosh with the PC
environment, or use a memory module (SIMM) for the exclusive use of the
PC environment
m use the built-in Macintosh serial ports with PC software
m access PC CD-ROM discs using an Apple CD-ROM drive
m play Sound Blaster-compatible sounds
m communicate with network servers and other computers running
PC software
To begin, follow the instructions in Chapters 1 and 2 to set up your
computer and get started using it. Read Chapters 3 and 4 when you are
ready to connect additional equipment to your computer and install
Mac OS application programs. Read Chapters 5 and 6 to start using DOS
and Windows application programs on your Macintosh computer. Turn to
Chapters 7 and 8 if you have questions or problems using your Macintosh.
x Your DOS-Compatible Macintosh ComputerMonitor cable
(sometimes built into the monitor)
Monitor power cord
(sometimes built into the monitor)
Computer power cord
Keyboard
Monitor Macintosh DOS-compatible computer
Mouse
Keyboard cable
(sometimes built
into the keyboard
as shown here)The illustration on the facing page shows all the equipment you need to set
up your computer and begin using it. Place your equipment on a sturdy, flat
surface near a grounded wall outlet. Before following the setup instructions in
this chapter, you may want to read “Arranging Your Office” in Appendix A
(in the section on health-related information) for tips on adjusting your work
furniture so that you’re comfortable when using the computer.
Plugging in the computer
Before you plug your Macintosh into a wall socket, carefully read all the
setup instructions in this chapter. Then, before you connect anything to your
Macintosh, follow the instructions in this section to plug it in. The plug
grounds the computer and protects it from electrical damage while you are
setting up.
1
1 Getting Started
Follow the instructions in this
chapter to set up your computer
and learn the basics.When you are ready to begin, follow these steps:
1 Plug the socket end of the computer’s power cord into the recessed power cord socket
(marked with the symbol ²) on the back of the computer.
2 Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip.
Choose a power outlet to which you have easy access.
IMPORTANT Be sure that at least one end of the power cord is within easy
reach so that you can unplug the computer when you need to.
If the computer starts up: If you hear a tone, the computer has started up and
you need to turn it off before proceeding. Press the power button (also called
the standby power button) located on the back of the computer to turn the
computer off.
Power cord plug Power cord socket Standby power button
WARNING This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded.Your
Macintosh is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that
has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC
outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug into
the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a
properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the purpose of the grounding
plug!
2 Chapter 1Installing an expansion card
If you purchased any expansion cards for your Macintosh or extra memory
for use in the PC environment, install the cards or memory now. (For
instructions, see Appendix B, “Installing an Expansion Card or Memory for
the PC Environment,” as well as the documentation that came with the cards
or memory module.) If you don’t have an expansion card or memory to install,
go on to the next section, “Connecting a Monitor.”
Connecting a monitor
You can connect many types of monitors to your Macintosh. To connect a
monitor from a manufacturer other than Apple, refer to the instructions that
came with the monitor.
Connecting the monitor power cord
Monitors have two cords to connect—a power cord and a monitor cable.
To connect the monitor power cord, follow these steps:
1 Place the monitor where you will be using it.
You can place a monitor with a 15-inch or smaller screen on top of your
computer. Don’t place larger monitors on the computer.
Keep these considerations in mind:
m Allow a few inches for air circulation around the sides of the computer
and monitor.
m Make sure that the top of the screen is slightly below eye level when you’re
sitting at the keyboard.
m Position the monitor to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from
overhead lights and windows.
m Consult “Arranging Your Office” in the section “Health-Related
Information About Computer Use” in Appendix A for suggestions on
locating your computer equipment.
Getting Started 32 Connect the monitor power cord to the monitor.
On some monitors, the cord is already attached.
3 Plug in the monitor power cord.
Be sure to plug the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or
power strip.
Monitor power cord
Monitor power socket
4 Chapter 1Connecting the monitor cable
After you plug in the monitor power cord, you connect the monitor cable to
the computer’s monitor port.
To connect the monitor cable, follow these steps:
1 Attach the monitor cable to the monitor.
On some monitors, the cable is already attached (as shown below).
2 Attach the monitor cable to the monitor port on the back panel of the computer.
The monitor port is on the upper-right corner of the back panel. It is marked
with the ª icon (symbol). Be sure you plug the cable into the correct port.
Monitor cable
ª Monitor port
Getting Started 5Connecting the mouse and keyboard
You have a choice of several keyboards for your Macintosh. The way you
connect the mouse and keyboard depends on whether the keyboard has a
separate cable or a built-in cable.
Connecting a keyboard with a separate cable
1 Plug the mouse cable into the port on either side of the keyboard.
Most right-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their right hand; most
left-handed people prefer to use their left hand. Plug the mouse into the port
on the side you prefer.
The plug and the port are marked with the × icon (symbol). Align the
symbols before you insert the plug. (The positions of the port and icon on
your keyboard may be different from those pictured here.)
By the way: A port marked with the × icon is called an Apple Desktop Bus
(ADB) port.
2 Plug the keyboard cable (both ends are the same) into the other port on the keyboard.
If you plugged the mouse cable in on the right, for example, plug the keyboard
cable in on the left.
3 Plug the keyboard cable into the port marked with the × icon on the back of the
computer.
Some monitors have a port to which you can connect the keyboard or mouse.
See the information that came with your monitor.
ADB icon
6 Chapter 1Connecting a keyboard with a built-in cable
1 Plug the mouse cable into the recessed port on the back of the keyboard.
The plug and the port are marked with the × icon (symbol). The positions of
the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured.
By the way: A port marked with the × icon is called an Apple Desktop Bus
(ADB) port.
2 Plug the keyboard cable into the port marked with the × icon on the back of the
computer.
Some monitors have a port to which you can connect the keyboard or mouse.
See the information that came with your monitor.
Connecting other equipment
If you are new to the Macintosh, it’s a good idea to get some experience using
your computer before you connect other equipment, such as a printer or
scanner. To learn basic Macintosh skills, continue with the instructions in
this chapter.
When you’re ready to connect other equipment to your Macintosh, see the
instructions in Chapter 3.
This cable plugs into the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port
on the back of the computer. The ADB port on the
computer is marked with the × icon.
Plug the mouse into the recessed port on
the keyboard. The flat part of the plug should
be pointing down, as shown here.
Getting Started 7Turning the computer on
Follow these steps to turn the computer on:
1 Turn on the monitor.
See the information that came with your monitor for the location of the
power button.
2 Turn on your computer by pressing the Power key.
The Power key is at the top of the keyboard. You can recognize this key by the
triangle outline on it (P).
You hear a tone from the computer as it starts up.
8 Chapter 13 Check to see what’s on your screen.
m If you see the Macintosh desktop, as in the illustration below, your system
software has already been installed, and your computer is ready to use.
Skip now to the section “What’s Next?” later in this chapter.
m If you see a blinking question mark, you need to install system software on
your computer’s hard disk. (System software is the set of programs your
computer uses to start itself up.) See “Installing or Reinstalling Mac OS
System Software” in Chapter 7 for information on how to install system
software.
m If you see anything else on your screen, or nothing at all, see the next
section, “Problems Turning Your Computer On?”
Getting Started 9
Macintosh desktop
Hard disk iconProblems turning your computer on?
If you don’t see anything on the screen, check these items to see if you can
identify the problem:
m Is the computer plugged into a power source? If it is plugged into a power
strip, is the power strip turned on?
m Is the computer turned on? The power-on light on the front panel should
be on. If it isn’t on, press the standby power button on the computer’s back
panel (marked with the symbol ¨).
m Are the keyboard and mouse cables connected correctly? (Don’t disconnect
the keyboard or mouse cable while the computer is on. You could damage
your equipment.)
m Is the monitor power cord plugged in?
m Is the monitor turned on? (Check the power-on light on the front of the
monitor.)
m Is the monitor cable attached firmly to both the monitor and computer?
m Is the brightness control on the monitor adjusted correctly? (On Apple
monitors, the brightness control is marked with the symbol Û.)
10 Chapter 1What’s next?
Congratulations! You’ve finished setting up your computer. Now continue
with one of the following steps:
m If you are new to the Macintosh, turn to the next section, “Learning
the Basics.”
m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting
Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide, your main source of information
when you’re working with the Mac OS (the Macintosh environment).
m If you want to connect other equipment, such as a printer, to your
computer, see Chapter 3, “Connecting Additional Equipment.”
m If you want to start using DOS or Windows application programs on your
Macintosh, turn to Chapter 5, “Operating in the PC Environment.”
Before you begin working with your computer, be sure to read the important
health and safety information in Appendix A.
IMPORTANT If you need to turn off your computer at any point, please see
“Turning the Computer Off” later in this chapter. It is very important to use
the correct procedure for shutting down your Macintosh before turning it off.
Getting Started 11Learning the basics
If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the easy-touse program called the Macintosh Tutorial. The tutorial teaches you the basic
skills you’ll need to use your computer in the Macintosh environment. To
start the tutorial, follow these steps:
1 Slide the mouse along your mouse pad or desk.
Hold the mouse as shown, with the cable pointing away from you. Don’t press
the mouse button (under your index finger). Notice that the arrow (8) on the
screen moves in the same direction that you move the mouse.
If the arrow doesn’t move, make sure that the cables connecting the mouse
and keyboard are secure and that your mouse is positioned as shown in the
illustration.
2 Move the tip of the arrow (8) to the question mark (h) in the upper-right portion of the
screen.
If you run out of room on your mouse pad or desk while moving the mouse,
pick up the mouse and place it where there’s more room. (The arrow on the
screen moves only when the mouse is in contact with the mouse pad or desk.)
3 With the tip of the arrow on the question mark, press and hold down the mouse button.
A list of choices (called a menu) appears. This is the Guide (h) menu, which
is the place to go when you have a question about how to use your computer
in the Macintosh environment (Mac OS). (The Guide [h] menu is not
available when you’re in the PC environment.)
Mouse button
12 Chapter 14 While holding down the mouse button, move the arrow until the words “Macintosh
Tutorial” are highlighted, then release the mouse button.
A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set this book aside
for now and follow the instructions on the screen. When you have completed
the tutorial, return to this book.
Reviewing the basics
The following illustration summarizes many of the basic skills and terms you
learned from the tutorial.
Getting Started 13
To throw away an item you
no longer want, drag it to the
Trash and choose Empty
Trash from the Special menu.
This icon represents your
computer’s internal hard disk.
To change the size or shape of
a window, drag the size box.
To bring hidden portions of a
window’s contents into view,
click the scroll arrows.
The strip across the
top of the screen is
called the menu bar.
The symbols and
words in it represent
menus of commands.
Icons are small pictures
that represent disks,
folders, programs, and
documents. To open
an icon, click the
icon twice quickly.
Windows are boxes
that display text,
graphics, or icons. To
bring a partially
covered window to the
front, click anywhere
in the window.
To close a window,
click the close box.
You can have several application
programs open at once. To see which
program is active or to switch from
one program to another, use this
menu (called the Application menu).
To find an answer to
a question about the
Macintosh
environment, look in
the Guide (h) menu.
To move a window,
drag it by the title bar.Turning the computer off
To turn the computer off, you choose Shut Down from the Special menu.
Detailed instructions follow.
1 Move the tip of the arrow to the word “Special” at the top center of the screen.
If the word “Special” does not appear at the top of the screen, you’re working
in the wrong program. Pull down the Application menu (to the right of the
Guide [h] menu) and choose Finder. Then try step 1 again.
2 With the tip of the arrow on the word “Special,” press and hold down the mouse button.
3 While holding down the mouse button, move the arrow down the list of choices until the
words “Shut Down” are highlighted, then release the mouse button.
You can also shut down your computer from the keyboard.
1 Press the Power key (marked with a triangle) on the keyboard.
You will see a message asking whether you want to shut down or continue
working.
2 Click Shut Down.
To turn the computer on, simply press the Power key again.
WARNING Do not turn the computer off by pressing the standby power
button on the back panel. If you do so, you may lose any work you
haven’t previously saved to a disk. You also risk losing any open
documents.
14 Chapter 1Where to find answers
When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several
places you can look for answers.
In this book
Use this book to help you set up your computer and learn about it,
or to find solutions to problems.
In the Guide menu
The Guide menu (marked with the h icon) is your main source
of information about the Macintosh environment. To learn how to
get different kinds of help from the Guide menu, see Chapter 2 in
this book.
In other manuals
For answers to questions about other equipment or about
application programs you have purchased, see the manuals
that came with the equipment or programs. Manuals for DOS
and Windows are included with your computer.
From Apple’s customer support hotline
If you can’t find an answer in any of the materials provided, call the
customer support hotline. (The phone number for the hotline is in
the service and support information that came with your computer.)
User’s Guide
Macintosh
Getting Started 15The Guide menu is your main source of information when you’re working
with your computer in the Macintosh environment. The menu is identified by
a question mark (h) in the upper-right corner of the screen.
(If you need instructions on using DOS or Windows, see the appropriate
manual.)
17
2 Getting Help
Use the instructions in this
chapter to learn about the help
available to you in the Guide menu.Getting answers to your questions
When you have a question while working in the Macintosh environment, you
can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu.
1 Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose
Finder to make it the active application program.
A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program.
2 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Macintosh Guide.
The Macintosh Guide window appears.
Whenever you use Macintosh Guide, its window remains in front of other
windows. If the window gets in your way, you can move it by dragging its
title bar (the gray bar across the top of the window).
18 Chapter 23 Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For.
Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information:
m Topics lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of
contents in a book.
m Index lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it
is like the index in a book.
m Look For lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase
that you type.
In the following sections you will practice using each method.
If you have problems while using Macintosh Guide, see “Tips for Using
Macintosh Guide” later in this chapter.
Getting answers with the Topics button
1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Topics button.
A list of general topics appears on the left side of the Macintosh Guide
window. (Depending on the hardware and software you have, the list of topics
may look different.)
Getting Help 192 Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics.
When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right
side of the Macintosh Guide window.
3 Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click
the question.
A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.
4 Read and follow the instructions in this window.
Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question
you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the
lower-right corner to see the next step.
5 When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to
return to the main Macintosh Guide window.
Now continue with the next section.
20 Chapter 2
Click here to see the next
step (if there is one).
To get instructions,
click a question…
…and then click OK.
If you want to
return to the main
Macintosh Guide
window, click here.Getting answers with the Index button
1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button.
An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window.
2 Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible.
You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or
by using the scroll bar at the right of the list.
3 Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.
When you click any index entry, a list of related questions appears on the
right side of the Macintosh Guide window.
Getting Help 21
Scroll bar
Slider
To get instructions,
click a question…
…and then click OK.4 Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or
double-click the question.
A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.
5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.
Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question
you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the
lower-right corner to see the next step.
6 When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to
return to the main Macintosh Guide window.
Now continue with the next section.
22 Chapter 2
Click here to see the next
step (if there is one).
If you want to
return to the main
Macintosh Guide
window, click here.Getting answers with the Look For button
1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button.
A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text.
2 Click the arrow button to activate the text box.
3 Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.
When you click Search, a list of questions related to the word or phrase you
typed appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.
Getting Help 23
To activate the text
box, click here.
Type a word or phrase
in the text box…
…and then click here.
To get instructions,
click a question…
…and then click OK.4 Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or doubleclick the question.
A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.
5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.
Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question
you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the
lower-right corner to display the next step.
6 When you have completed all the steps, click the close box in the upper-left corner to
close Macintosh Guide.
24 Chapter 2
If you want to close
Macintosh Guide,
click here.
Click here to see the next
step (if there is one).Tips for using Macintosh Guide
Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively:
m Macintosh Guide is available only in the Macintosh environment, and
only when you are in the Finder—the desktop area where you can see
the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have
help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see
Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu
(to the right of the Guide menu) and choose Finder.
m Follow the steps when you’re instructed to; don’t skip ahead or read
ahead. That way the computer can check to make sure you’ve done a
step correctly.
m Unlike most windows, the Macintosh Guide window stays in front of
other windows on the screen so that your instructions are never
covered. If you need to move the Guide window out of the way, drag
it by the title bar at the top of the window.
You can also move the window out of the way by clicking the zoom
box. Click the box once to shrink the window; click it a second time
to expand the window to its original size.
m If you need more information about an instruction or a term, click the
button labeled “Huh?” to get further explanation. (The “Huh?” button
is dimmed when no additional information is available.)
m If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click the
Topics button in the lower-left corner of the Guide window.
m When you’re finished using Macintosh Guide, click the close box in
the upper-left corner of the window.
Getting Help 25
Zoom box
Close box Title bar
Topics button “Huh?” button Right arrowIdentifying objects on the screen
Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself,
“What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as
Balloon Help.
Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other
items in the Macintosh environment using balloons like those you see in
comic strips.
Follow these steps to use Balloon Help:
1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Show Balloons.
2 Point to any object on the screen that you want to identify.
A balloon appears next to the object. In the following illustration, for
example, pointing to the Trash displays a balloon that explains how to use the
Trash to throw items away.
Although balloons appear next to items when you point to them, the way
you work does not change; you can still select icons, choose commands,
and so on.
3 When you’re finished using Balloon Help, choose Hide Balloons from the Guide menu.
26 Chapter 2Learning useful shortcuts
You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard
or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing
Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it.
Follow these steps to learn keyboard and mouse shortcuts:
1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Shortcuts.
The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears.
Getting Help 272 Click one of the category buttons.
Another window appears, describing shortcuts for that category.
3 Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected.
Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the
next window (if there is one).
4 When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button in
the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the
close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.
28 Chapter 2
If you want to
close the window,
click here.
Click here to see the next
window (if there is one).
Click here to return to
the main Macintosh
Shortcuts window for
more categories.The illustration below shows a basic Macintosh system. You can expand your
computer system by connecting additional hardware (such as a printer,
modem, or external audio speakers).
Mouse
Monitor
Computer
Keyboard
Hard disk drive
(internal)
Floppy disk drive
CD-ROM drive
(optional)
Volume buttons
Use these buttons to
change the volume of the
computer’s sound.
CD-ROM drive
Open/Close button
Power-on light
Headphone jack
Remote control sensor
-
f
29
3 Connecting Additional Equipment
Read this chapter for information on
expanding your computer system
with additional hardware.Where to connect additional equipment
The illustration on this page shows where equipment should be connected to
your computer.
For instructions on connecting additional equipment such as a printer or
scanner, see the manual that came with the equipment.
-
W Modem port
[ Printer port
Connects your Macintosh
to a printer or
LocalTalk network.
V ADB port
Connects your
Macintosh to input
equipment, such as a
keyboard or a trackball.
Å
g SCSI port
Connects your Macintosh to
SCSI equipment, such as hard
disk drives and scanners.
Connects an external
modem to your Macintosh. Sound output port
Connects your Macintosh
to headphones, externally
powered (amplified)
speakers, or other audio
output equipment.
Sound input port
Connects your Macintosh to a professional-quality
microphone or other audio input equipment.
F Security lock
port
Standby power button
² Power socket
ª Monitor port
Connects your monitor
to your Macintosh.
Communication card
access cover
Covers port for optional
communication card.
Joystick port
Connects your Macintosh
to a joystick or other game
controller. (For the PC
environment only.)
Video input card (optional)
Connects your Macintosh to a video camera,
VCR, or other video equipment.
TV tuner card (optional)
Connects your Macintosh
to an external TV antenna
or cable TV service.
¨
30 Chapter 3Connecting an Apple PlainTalk Microphone
Your computer has a sound input port, which you can use to connect an Apple
PlainTalk Microphone.
Use PlainTalk only: You should connect only the Apple PlainTalk
Microphone. Other models of microphone will not work with your
Macintosh.
To connect the microphone, do this:
m Plug the microphone’s connector into the sound input port (marked with the icon X)
on the back of the computer.
Sound
input port
Sound
output port
Connecting Additional Equipment 31Connecting external stereo speakers
You can take advantage of your computer’s stereo sound output by attaching
externally powered (amplified) speakers. (Only externally powered speakers
will work with your Macintosh.)
1 Assemble the speakers and the cable you need.
You need a cable with stereo miniplugs at each end to connect one or both
speakers to the computer. (Some speakers require a dual-plug adapter.
Others, like those shown here, accept a single stereo miniplug and are joined
by standard speaker wires.)
The following illustration shows the equipment configuration and the
connections for a computer sound system.
2 Turn off the Macintosh.
3 Plug a stereo miniplug into the sound output port on the Macintosh.
4 Plug a stereo miniplug into the Audio In port on one of the speakers.
If the speakers take a dual-plug cable, connect both plugs to the speakers’
Audio In ports.
Stereo miniplug
Audio In port
- Sound output port
Externally
powered
speakers
32 Chapter 35 Connect the speakers together with speaker wires, if necessary.
6 Turn on the computer.
You hear the computer’s sound through the external speakers.
Note: To control the volume of your external speakers, use the volume button
on the front of the computer. If you are playing an audio compact disc (CD),
you may also need to adjust the volume control in the program you’re using to
play CDs. For more information on sound and playing audio CDs, see the
“Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. For
information on hearing sounds in the PC environment, see “Turning On PC
Sounds” in Chapter 6.
Connecting a game controller
Connect a game controller, such as a joystick, as shown.
m Attach the joystick’s connector to the joystick port on the lower-right corner of the
computer’s back panel. Tighten the thumbscrews securely.
Joystick port
Connecting Additional Equipment 33Expanding memory
The random-access memory (RAM) in your computer can be expanded.
Installing additional RAM adds more memory chips to your computer and
expands its capabilities. The Technical Information booklet that came with
your computer describes how much additional memory can be installed in
your Macintosh.
You can also add up to 32 megabytes (MB) of RAM for use exclusively in the
PC environment. See Appendix B, “Installing an Expansion Card or Memory
for the PC Environment,” for further information.
Memory for your computer is provided in packages called Single Inline
Memory Modules (SIMMs). The SIMMs must be the correct type for your
computer. It is very important that the SIMMs be correctly installed in your
Macintosh. Incorrect installation can result in errors, unpredictable results,
and damage to your equipment and data.
Installing internal drives
Your Macintosh can hold up to three internal storage devices, including a
floppy disk drive, a CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) drive, and a
hard disk drive (several capacities are available). These drives may already be
installed. If you want to add or replace an internal drive, see your Appleauthorized dealer.
WARNING To avoid damage to your computer, Apple recommends that
only an Apple-certified technician install additional RAM. Consult the
service and support information that came with your computer for
instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or
Apple for service. If you attempt to install additional RAM yourself, any
damage you may cause to your equipment will not be covered by the
limited warranty on your computer. See an Apple-authorized dealer or
service provider for information about this or any other warranty
question.
34 Chapter 3Your computer has several Macintosh application programs already installed,
as well as some Macintosh programs that must installed before you can use
them. You will need to run an application program’s Installer program before
the application program will work. You’ll find these programs on your
hard disk.
You may want to experiment with AppleScript, one of the programs on your
hard disk. With AppleScript you can automate tasks in the Finder and other
scriptable programs (programs that support AppleScript). Instructions for
using AppleScript are included in the AppleScript folder.
If your computer has enough memory, you can install QuickDraw GX and
PowerTalk. QuickDraw GX gives your computer more powerful printing and
font capabilities. PowerTalk provides an open collaboration environment with
a universal mailbox and other electronic mail services. To install each of these
programs, open the folder of the item you want to install and double-click the
Installer icon.
Another program, Video Monitor, is for use with computers that have audiovisual (AV) capabilities. For information on using Video Monitor, see the
“Video” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
If you want to install DOS application programs, see Chapter 5, “Operating in
the PC Environment,” and refer to your DOS manual.
35
4
Installing and Using Application Programs
in the Macintosh Environment
Read this chapter for information on
installing and using application
programs in the Mac OS.Installing Macintosh application programs
You’ll probably want to buy and install additional application programs. See
the manuals you receive with your programs for instructions on installing and
using them.
In most cases, you’ll install a Macintosh application program on your internal
hard disk from floppy disks that contain the program. The following
illustration shows how to insert a floppy disk in your computer’s floppy
disk drive.
To use your programs most effectively, follow these guidelines:
m Put only one copy of each program on your hard disk. Having more than
one copy can cause errors.
m Whenever you copy a program disk to your hard disk, be careful not to
copy a System Folder. Always check to see what you’ve copied, and drag
any extra System Folders to the Trash.
m If a program malfunctions consistently, try installing a fresh copy. If that
doesn’t help, find out from the software manufacturer whether your version
of the program is compatible with the system software you’re using.
For instructions on how to eject floppy disks, see the “Disks” topic of
Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
Insert the floppy disk, metal
end first, into the floppy disk
drive of your computer.
36 Chapter 4Working with several programs at a time
You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your
computer’s memory allows.
All open programs in the Mac OS are listed in the Application menu at the
right end of the menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re
using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the
menu bar.
You can have programs open in both the Macintosh and PC environments at
the same time, but only your Macintosh programs appear in the Application
menu.
Finding out which programs are open
If you have several programs and windows open, you can find out which
program is active and which other programs are open by pulling down the
Application menu.
Switching programs
You can switch to another open program or desk accessory by choosing its
name from the Application menu.
If a program’s icon is dimmed in the menu, that means its windows are
hidden. Choosing the program from the Application menu displays its
windows.
You can also switch to another program by clicking in a window that belongs
to an open program, or by double-clicking a program icon (or the icon of a
document that was created with the program).
Installing and Using Application Programs in the Macintosh Environment 37
The Finder icon
Commands to hide or
display open windows
Open programs A checkmark indicates
the active program.For instructions on switching from the Macintosh environment to the PC
environment, see the section “Switching Between the Macintosh and PC
Environments” in Chapter 5.
Hiding and showing windows on the desktop
You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing
Hide Others from the Application menu.
The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden.
When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again.
If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the
Application menu.
Backing up your files
Making backup copies of important files is good protection against possible
damage to the originals.
m You can back up files stored on your hard disk by copying them to floppy
disks.
m You can back up an entire floppy disk by copying it to another floppy disk,
or to a hard disk.
m You can use a commercial backup program to copy new and changed files
from a hard disk to another hard disk, to a tape drive, or to a series of
floppy disks.
m If your computer is on a network, you can back up files by copying them to
a shared disk on the network.
To back up files in the Macintosh environment, copy the files to a disk
manually or use a Macintosh backup program. Do not use PC backup
programs in the Mac OS.
38 Chapter 4Your DOS-compatible Macintosh comes with standard versions of DOS and
Windows already installed. Also installed is software you can use to work in
both the Macintosh and PC environments and share data between the two
environments. This software is described in this chapter and the next.
This chapter covers how to
m switch between the Mac OS and the PC environment
m set up and operate in the PC environment
m use floppy disks and disk drives
m cut, copy, and paste data between Mac OS and DOS or Windows
documents
m run network software
m use multimedia, MIDI, and game applications
m use both Macintosh and PC peripheral devices in the PC environment
39
5 Operating in the PC Environment
Follow the instructions in this
chapter to start working in the PC
environment on your Macintosh.Switching between the Macintosh and PC environments
You switch between the Mac OS and the PC environment using the PC Setup
control panel. Follow these steps:
1 Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu.
2 Double-click the PC Setup icon to open the control panel
3 Click Switch to PC to switch to the PC environment.
4 To switch back to the Mac OS, press x-Return.
40 Chapter 5Switching with a keyboard command
You can set a keyboard command, or hot key, to switch between the Mac OS
and the PC environment. To set the hot key, you must be in the Macintosh
environment (if you are in the PC environment, press x-Return).
m To choose a hot key, open the PC Setup control panel and press the Tab key to select
the Hot Key text field; then type the keys you want to use.
The x key is automatically included. You can use any alphanumeric or special
key. You can also include other modifier keys (Option, Control, and/or Shift).
x-Return always switches from the PC to the Mac OS, regardless of the
control panel setting.
You can also switch to the PC by clicking Switch to PC in the control panel.
Ejecting disks in the PC environment
Here are a few commands you will find useful while you work in the PC
environment.
m To eject a disk from the Macintosh disk drive while you’re in the PC environment,
press x-E.
m To eject a CD-ROM disc in the PC environment, press x-Y.
For more details, see the section “Working in the PC Environment,” later in
this chapter.
Turning the PC on and off
You use the buttons near the bottom of the control panel to switch
environments, to restart the PC, or to shut the PC off.
m Switch to PC immediately switches to the PC environment.
m Start/Restart PC starts the PC if it’s off, or restarts it if it’s running (but
doesn’t switch to the PC environment).
m Shut down PC turns off the PC.
IMPORTANT Clicking Off at the top of the PC Setup control panel prevents
you from switching to the PC environment. When you restart the computer,
the PC environment is turned off and any RAM you requested for it is
available to the Mac OS.
Operating in the PC Environment 41Starting the PC automatically
To have the PC start automatically when you turn on your Macintosh:
m Click the checkbox next to Auto-start PC.
To make the PC environment appear when you turn on your Macintosh:
1 Click the checkbox next to Switch at Startup.
2 In the Control Panels folder, double-click the General Controls icon to open it.
3 Turn off the Shutdown Warning option in the General Controls panel.
If Shutdown Warning is turned on when you switch from the Mac OS to the
PC environment, you will not be able to switch back again for a few minutes.
Fading the screen
To have the screen fade briefly before switching environments, click the
checkbox next to Fade Screens.
Setting up the PC environment
In order to take advantage of certain utilities, you may need to modify your
DOS CONFIG.SYS file. For information about how to edit DOS files, see
your DOS manual. For information about the kinds of changes you might
need to make, read the information below.
Note: Your DOS system software also includes alternate versions of the
CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files that allow you to select from a
variety of memory management options each time you start DOS. For
information on how to install these alternate files, see “Replacing the
CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT Files” in the section “Reinstalling
the DOS-Compatibility Software” in Chapter 8.
42 Chapter 5Memory management utilities
If you use a memory management utility such as EMM386 or QEMM, you
need to configure it to be compatible with your DOS-compatibility hardware
and software.
IMPORTANT Apple does not recommend using automated memory
configuration utilities with your DOS-compatible Macintosh because they can
require more memory than management utilities you configure manually.
Additionally, some memory configuration utilities may not be able to
determine the exact nature of the DOS-compatibility hardware, and therefore
may not be compatible.
If you want to use EMM386 (included as part of DOS) and don’t require
expanded memory, set CONFIG.SYS to the following:
DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE NOEMS RAM=D000-EFFF
If you require expanded memory, set CONFIG.SYS to the following:
DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE RAM=D000-EFFF FRAME=D000
If you want to use QEMM, use the frame option (ST:F):
DEVICE=C:\QEMM\QEMM386.SYS RAM ST:F ARAM=B080-B7FF
ARAM=C900-DFFF R:1
If you want to use the Stealth mapping option (ST:M), set CONFIG.SYS to
DEVICE=C:\QEMM\QEMM386.SYS RAM ST:M X=C800-CFFF X=FC00-
FCFF X=FE00-FFFF ARAM=B080-B7FF ARAM=C900-DFFF R:2
Configure other memory management utilities such that D000 through EFFF
is the only area in the BIOS that can be mapped to upper memory.
To prevent the ROM BIOS from becoming corrupted when the
DOS-compatibility card is configured for 2 MB of memory, set the
switch in the CONFIG.SYS file to turn memory testing off.
DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS /TESTMEM:OFF
For more information on making the best use of memory, read the sections on
memory management in your DOS manual, or refer to the documentation for
your memory manager if you are using something other than EMM386.
Operating in the PC Environment 43Working in the PC environment
When you switch to DOS or Windows, you’re operating in a real PC world.
The floppy disk drive, mouse, and keyboard all act as they would with a
standard PC. There are, however, some mapping issues you need to be
aware of.
Floppy disk drives and floppy disks
m The Macintosh floppy disk drive is drive A. To eject a disk from this disk
drive while you’re in the PC environment, press x-E.
m If you insert a Mac OS-format floppy disk while you’re in the PC
environment, it is ejected.
You can access an unlocked floppy disk only in the environment that was in
the foreground when the floppy disk was inserted.
When you insert a locked PC disk, both environments have access to it.
Blank disks are formatted as DOS disks in the PC environment. In the
Mac OS, you can format disks for DOS or the Mac OS (among other choices).
Some blank disks are preformatted by the manufacturer. If you insert a new,
blank disk in the PC environment and it is ejected, it may have been
preformatted as a Macintosh disk. To use the disk in the PC environment, you
must first return to the Mac OS and reformat (reinitialize) the disk as a
DOS disk.
The Mac OS Disk Copy application program cannot read a DOS-formatted
floppy disk unless the disk is unlocked.
Floppy disks formatted in the PC environment in DOS 720K format are not
readable by some DOS computers. Instead, format the disk in the Macintosh
environment, choosing “DOS 720K” as the format. See “How do I prepare a
disk for use?” in the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the
Guide (h) menu.
Restarting the PC from a floppy disk
To restart (reboot) the PC environment from a floppy disk, insert the disk into
the floppy drive. Press x-Control-Alt-[keypad] period. When the floppy disk
is ejected, immediately reinsert it into the disk drive.
44 Chapter 5CD-ROM discs and drives
You can use DOS and Windows CD-ROM discs in Apple CD-ROM drives.
To eject a CD-ROM disc in the PC environment, press x-Y. If the CD-ROM
disc cannot be ejected (because a file is in use or the CD-ROM disc is being
shared), the Macintosh beeps.
You can listen to audio CDs in either the PC environment or Mac OS, but you
cannot control them from both environments at the same time. For example, if
you began listening to an audio CD while working in the PC environment
and then switched to the Mac OS, you would have to return to the PC
environment in order to adjust the CD’s volume.
Playing an audio CD in Windows while running low-level media tools, such
as PC Tools or Microsoft Anti-Virus, may cause your system to crash. It is
best to reduce computer activity to a minimum while using such tools.
You cannot use more than one CD-ROM drive at a time in the PC
environment.
The PC sets up a drive letter (E) for a CD-ROM drive even if no drive is
connected. If no CD-ROM drive is connected to your system, you can use this
drive letter and free some memory by editing the AUTOEXEC.BAT and
CONFIG.SYS files.
In the AUTOEXEC.BAT file, add REM to the beginning of the line
LH C:\DOS\MSCDEX /D:CDDRVR /L:E
In the CONFIG.SYS file, add REM to the beginning of the line
DEVICE=C:\Apple\CDROM.SYS /D:CDDRVR
Prefacing these commands with REM makes DOS ignore them.
Operating in the PC Environment 45Pointing device
The standard Macintosh pointing device has one button; most PC devices
have two. The button on the Macintosh pointing device behaves like the left
button on a PC device.
m To simulate the right button, press the = key on the keypad.
m To press the left and right buttons at the same time, press the mouse button
and the = key simultaneously.
If you have Windows installed, you can use its Mouse control panel to switch
the button assignment.
Note: DOS does not come with a mouse driver. A mouse driver for Windows
is installed on your system along with Windows, however.
Keyboard
The DOS-compatible Macintosh supports all Apple keyboards.
The Option key on an Apple keyboard can be used as the Alt key in the PC
environment.
The Apple Extended Keyboard and the Apple Design Keyboard can be used
normally. With the Apple Keyboard II, use the following equivalents for keys
on a PC keyboard. These equivalents also apply to the Apple Adjustable
Keyboard if the function key keyboard isn’t plugged in.
46 Chapter 5PC key Equivalent on Macintosh keyboard
F1 through F9 x-1 through 9
F10 x-0
F11 x-(minus)
F12 x-(equals)
F13 x-[
F14 x-]
F15 x-\
Home x-[keypad] 7
PageUp x-[keypad] 9
End x-[keypad] 1
PageDown x-[keypad] 3
Insert x-[keypad] 0
Del x-[keypad] (period)
Using the Apple Adjustable keyboard: If you are using the Apple Adjustable
keyboard, you cannot use key combinations made up of keys from the main
keyboard and function keys (for example, Shift-F1). This means you cannot
restart the PC using the x-Control-Alt-[keypad] period key combination.
Click Restart PC in the PC Setup control panel instead.
MacShare
MacShare is a PC application program that lets the PC view Mac OS folders
and volumes as drive letters. You can have as many shared drives as there are
drive letters.
m To specify the number of drive letters, modify your CONFIG.SYS file to include a
LASTDRIVE statement.
LASTDRIVE=x
where x is a letter between E and Z. (The PC reserves drives A through D
for its floppy and hard disk drives.)
Operating in the PC Environment 47For example, if you use M as your LASTDRIVE value, you could have up to
nine extra drives using drives labeled E through M. A CD-ROM drive, if
installed, uses E.
Each additional drive letter uses 100 bytes of PC memory.
Clipboard
You can exchange clipboard information between the PC environment and the
Mac OS. The type of information you can exchange depends on whether
you’re running DOS or Windows.
Windows Clipboard
You can exchange text, PICT, RTF, and bitmap files between the Mac OS and
Windows using the Copy and Paste commands from the Edit menu. You can
also purchase additional third-party software to provide translations for other
data types.
DOS “Clipboard”
If you’re running DOS, you can capture text or a PICT file from a region of
the screen that you define using the DOSCLIP TSR (Terminate-and-StayResident program). The memory-resident program is loaded automatically
each time you switch to DOS. You activate DOSCLIP by pressing a keyboard
combination, or keystroke, (preset to Shift-Control-C) and then selecting a
region to copy.
Keystroke starts process: On the PC side, enter the keystroke first; then,
holding down the mouse button, select a region to copy. (This process works
only if a DOS mouse driver is installed.) Releasing the mouse button sends
the selection to the Clipboard. In the Mac OS, you select the area first and
then issue the keystroke.
48 Chapter 5To capture text or a PICT file from a region on the screen if you don’t have a
DOS mouse driver installed, follow these instructions:
1 Activate DOSCLIP.
The DOSCLIP activation keystroke is preset to Shift-Control-C.
A cursor appears in the center of the screen.
2 Use the keyboard arrow keys to move the cursor to the upper-left corner of the region
you want to copy.
3 Holding down the Shift key, use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the lower-right
corner of the region.
4 Release the Shift key.
The selected area is copied to the Clipboard.
m You can paste text into DOS from the Mac OS. The preset keystroke is
Shift-Control-V.
Changing the predefined keystrokes in DOS
You change the preset keystrokes for copying and pasting by editing the
AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
m To change the keystroke for the Copy command, use the form
C:\APPLE\DOSCLIP/Cnm…
m To change the keystroke for the Paste command, use the form
C:\APPLE\DOSCLIP/Pnm…
In both cases, n is a number representing a key scan code from the following
table, and m… is one or more of the characters A, C, and S (for Alt, Control,
and Left- or Right-shift).
For example, the preset code for Copy is /C46CA—/C[opy using the key] 46
[which is C, plus the] C[ontrol key plus the] A[lt key]. To change the
keystroke to F3, you’d type the following:
C:\APPLE\DOSCLIP/C61
Note: To get on-screen help about other DOSCLIP options, type
DOSCLIP /? at the DOS prompt.
Operating in the PC Environment 49Key Scan code Key Scan code
0 11 ' " 40
1 2 , < 51
2 3 - _ 12
3 4 . > 52
4 5 / ? 53
5 6 ; : 39
6 7 = + 13
7 8 [ { 26
8 9 \ | 43
9 10 ] } 27
` ~ 41
+ (keypad) 78 tab 15
- (keypad) 74 alt 56
arrow (down) 80 bksp 14
arrow (left) 75 caps 58
arrow (right) 77 center 76
arrow (up) 72 ctrl 29
del 83 pgdn 81
end 79 pgup 73
enter 28 prtsc 55
esc 1 scroll 70
home 71 shift (left side) 42
ins 82 shift (right side) 54
num 69 space 57
continues .
50 Chapter 5Key Scan code Key Scan code
F1 59 F7 65
F2 60 F8 66
F3 61 F9 67
F4 62 F10 68
F5 63 F11 87
F6 64 F12 88
A 30 N 49
B 48 O 24
C 46 P 25
D 32 Q 16
E 18 R 19
F 33 S 31
G 34 T 20
H 35 U 22
I 23 V 47
J 36 W 17
K 37 X 45
L 38 Y 21
M 50 Z 44
Operating in the PC Environment 51Tips for using the Clipboard
When the PC environment is running, you have three separate clipboards to
work with—the Mac OS Clipboard, the Windows Clipboard, and DOSCLIP.
Translation between the clipboards takes place each time you switch between
the PC and Macintosh environments. When using these clipboards there are a
few things to keep in mind.
m If you copy an item to the Macintosh Clipboard, switch to Windows, and
then copy an item to the Windows Clipboard, the original Macintosh
Clipboard contents will be deleted. To prevent this, remove the PC
Clipboard extension from the Extensions folder (inside the System Folder
in the Mac OS).
m In order to translate the contents of the Macintosh Clipboard to the
Windows Clipboard, Windows must be already running when you switch
environments. If you switch to DOS and then launch Windows, the
Macintosh Clipboard will be translated into DOSCLIP, and the Windows
Clipboard will be blank.
m In order to translate the contents of the Macintosh Clipboard to DOSCLIP,
Windows must not be running when you switch environments. If Windows
is running when you switch to the PC, the Macintosh Clipboard will be
translated into the Windows Clipboard, and DOSCLIP will be blank.
m DOSCLIP contents cannot be pasted into Windows, or vice versa.
m Graphics can be copied from a DOS application program to DOSCLIP, but
graphics cannot be pasted into a DOS program from DOSCLIP.
m After copying a graphic from DOS using DOSCLIP, you may experience
difficulty in pasting the graphic into a Macintosh application program.
If this happens, try increasing the Macintosh program’s memory.
(See the question “How do I change a program’s memory size?“ in the
“Working with Programs” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the
Guide [h] menu.)
m Sounds cannot be copied between the Macintosh and the PC.
m Plain text is automatically translated from one environment to another, but
in order to retain font and style information, additional Macintosh Easy
Open translators must be used (for example, MacLink Plus from DataViz).
52 Chapter 5m When using DOSCLIP from within certain application programs, it may
not be possible to select the text using the mouse. In these cases, either use
the keyboard to select your text, or check that the standard DOS mouse
driver is not loaded.
m When the PC environment is active, all Macintosh programs are put in the
background to allow the PC Clipboard to run in the foreground. If you do
not want your Macintosh programs to run in the background while you are
in the PC environment, you must disable the Clipboard translation by
removing the PC Clipboard Extension from the Extensions folder (inside
the System Folder in the Mac OS).
Running network software
The DOS-Compatibility Software on your computer supports any networking
protocols, operating systems, or application programs that are compatible with
Novell’s Open Data-Link Interface specification (ODI).
m To set up the software, install your networking client software in the PC environment.
Networking client software such as Netware is not included with the DOScompatible Macintosh.
Compatible and incompatible protocols
You can run NetWare in the PC environment at the same time that you’re
running AppleTalk in the Mac OS.
To use IPX or TCP networking protocols, you must have an Ethernet card
installed in your computer’s communication slot. (The Ethernet card is not a
standard feature.)
You can use the IPX and TCP protocols at the same time in either the PC
environment or the Mac OS, or you can use one protocol in the PC
environment and the other protocol in the Mac OS. However, you cannot
use the same protocol in both environments at the same time.
If you want to use the IPX protocol in the PC environment and you have
installed MacIPX in the Mac OS, remove MacIPX from the Control Panels
folder or select AppleTalk as your network interface in the MacIPX
control panel.
Operating in the PC Environment 53If you want to use the TCP protocol in the PC environment, remove MacTCP
from the Control Panels folder or select an interface other than Ethernet in
the MacTCP control panel.
Network performance is improved by adding memory to the DOScompatibility card installed in your computer, as described in Appendix B.
For more information, see Appendix E, “Installing Network Management
Software.”
Using multimedia, MIDI, and game application programs
These types of programs, whether they are run in the PC or Macintosh
environment, see a marked performance improvement when there is a
memory SIMM on the DOS-compatibility card for the exclusive use of
the PC environment. See the Technical Specifications booklet to determine
whether your computer has a SIMM installed on the DOS-compatibility card.
You can also install a SIMM with greater memory capacity, as described
in Appendix B, “Installing an Expansion Card or Memory for the PC
Environment.” QuickTime application performance is especially improved
with a SIMM.
Some DOS-based MPEG players require a VGA monitor to output video. All
VGA modes can be displayed on Macintosh monitors supported by the DOScompatible Macintosh. If the monitor specified to display the PC is a VGA
monitor, select VGA in the Display box in the PC Setup control panel. You
cannot select VGA for a shared monitor configuration from the PC Setup
control panel if your monitor is not capable of displaying VGA. Multiscan
monitors can display VGA.
54 Chapter 5Using Macintosh peripherals in the PC environment
You use the serial ports of your Macintosh just like the serial ports of any
PC-compatible computer.
The maximum data transfer rate supported by the DOS-compatible hardware
when a COM port is mapped to a Macintosh serial port is 19,200 bits per
second (bps). If you’re capturing serial output to a Mac OS text file, there is
no limit.
Using printers
For DOS or Windows printing, use the LPT1.DOS or LPT1 serial port. In
general, you must use printers that are Macintosh-compatible and use their
corresponding printer extension for the Macintosh. However, in a PC Novell
NetWare environment you can print to a PC-compatible printer attached to a
Novell network. See Appendix E, “Installing Network Management
Software.”
DOS uses the printer selected in the Macintosh Chooser as the default LPT1
device. If you have a serial printer directly connected to a COM port,
however, DOS uses that printer instead.
The DOS-compatible software can process output for Epson and PostScript
printers, and for all printers that use Hewlett-Packard’s page control
language (PCL).
QuickDraw printers such as the StyleWriter or ImageWriter work only with
Epson emulation. (If a printer is not a PostScript or PCL printer, it’s
considered to be a QuickDraw printer.) For non-PostScript PCL printers, use
the appropriate PCL driver in the PC environment. For non-PostScript,
non-PCL printers, configure your DOS application program to use the
Epson LQ-2500 driver. If this driver isn’t available, try another Epson LQ
or LX series driver. Be sure to turn on the PCL option if it’s available for
your printer.
Operating in the PC Environment 55The Epson emulator works by first translating the DOS text to a similar
Macintosh font, then interpreting that text into a series of QuickDraw
commands. Some characters in the original DOS character set may not have
exact translations to a Macintosh font. The use of a PostScript font is
recommended in these cases, because the PostScript standard requires no
translation.
About color: Color printing is not supported under Epson emulation. When
printing from the PC to a color or grayscale QuickDraw printer, be sure to
select the Black & White option in the Print dialog box.
If you have a PCL printer, printing is limited to text-only or graphics-only
when printing over an AppleTalk network. To print text only, select your
printer’s driver in the Windows Control Panel. To print graphics only, choose
the LaserJet III driver from the Windows Control Panel. If you need to print
mixed graphics and text, many Windows programs bit-map their text so that
it becomes a graphic. Additionally, PCL printing of text and graphics together
is possible when printing over a Novell network, where a PC print server is
connected to the PCL printer and handles the print job. Select your printer’s
own driver in the Windows Control Panel.
For PostScript printers, use the Apple LaserWriter II NT driver (or another
PostScript driver if the Apple LaserWriter II NT driver is not available) or the
Windows PostScript driver.
IMPORTANT Be sure to make settings in the Mac OS PC Print Spooler that
match the drivers you use in the PC environment, or your printer will not
work correctly. See “Setting Preferences in the PC Print Spooler” for details.
Turning off Background Printing in the Macintosh Chooser may increase the
performance of some printers.
Configuring a printer for Windows: For better performance when you
configure a printer for Windows, select LPT1.DOS instead of LPT as
the port.
56 Chapter 5IMPORTANT If you try to print a file using a PostScript printer driver for a
non-PostScript printer, and the preferences are set to Epson, your file will not
be printed. Instead, the file will be moved to a folder called “Spooler
Rejected” in the Mac OS. To print the file, choose the proper printer driver in
the PC environment and try again.
Note: Data sent to the LPT1 port is automatically routed to the printer
selected in the Chooser in the Mac OS. There is no actual parallel port on
the DOS-compatible Macintosh.
AppleShare Print Server
The AppleShare Print Server should not be installed in a DOS-compatible
Macintosh because the server’s software conflicts with the PC Print Spooler.
You can, however, connect your DOS-compatible Macintosh to a network that
uses an AppleShare Print Server.
Setting preferences in the PC Print Spooler
You can set preferences in the PC Print Spooler to control a variety of
print functions.
To choose your Print Spooler settings, follow these steps:
1 In the Macintosh environment, open the Extensions folder inside the System Folder.
2 Find the PC Print Spooler icon and open it.
Operating in the PC Environment 573 Choose Preferences from the File menu.
A dialog box appears.
4 Choose your settings as appropriate.
The selection you make for “Interpret non-PostScript as” must match the
type of printer you have specified in the PC environment. If the settings are
mismatched, your printer may produce gibberish. In addition, the PCL option
works only if the printer is set up to accept PCL commands.
The selection you make for “When emulating an Epson printer” determines
how much of a page is available for printing. If you use the option that allows
gaps between pages, configure your application programs to print to a 60-line
page, rather than a 66-line page, or your margins will be off and your pages
will not print correctly.
5 Click OK.
66 lines maximum for Epson: Page sizes greater than 66 lines (standard letter
size paper) are not supported by the Epson driver. Legal and other larger sizes
will be cut off after either 60 or 66 lines, depending on the setting you’ve
chosen. If you find that your printing is clipped at either the top or bottom of
the page, click the No Gaps option.
58 Chapter 5Using PC peripherals
Because of the RS-422 implementation of the Macintosh, the following
RS-232 signals are not available to the PC:
m Carrier Detect (CD)
m Data Set Ready (DSR)
m Request to Send (RTS)
m Ring Indicator (RI)
Applications or serial devices requiring these signals won’t work.
While the DOS-compatible Macintosh does not support Carrier Detect (CD),
you can set most communications application programs to respond to the
CARRIER string sent back by most modems.
For more information about accessing serial ports from DOS, see the
documentation that came with your DOS software.
IMPORTANT The following chart lists the various signals present on the
Macintosh Mini DIN-8 connector, and on what pins these signals are present
on PC-style DB-9 and DB-25 connectors. This information may be of use if
you are planning to have a custom cable built. Refer to the manual for the
serial device that you plan to attach to the Macintosh for the recommended
serial connection, and use the chart below to find out what the proper
Macintosh wiring should be.
Macintosh signal Macintosh Mini DIN-8 DB-9 DB-25 RS-232 name
HSK0 1 4 20 DTR
HSK1 2 8 5, 8 CTS, DCD
TXD- 3 3 2 TXD
GND 4 5 7 GND
RXDA- 5 2 3 RXD
TXDA+ 6 N/C N/C
GP1 7 N/C N/C
RXD+ 8 5 7 GND
Operating in the PC Environment 59This chapter covers how to configure the PC environment and change PC
options using the PC Setup control panel.
Your Macintosh comes with the PC environment already configured and
ready to use. Read this chapter only if you want to change the way the PC
environment is set up, or if you have reinstalled the DOS-compatibility
software and need to reconfigure it.
You can control how your Macintosh and your DOS-compatible hardware and
software work together with the PC Setup control panel. You use the control
panel to accomplish the following tasks:
m choose folders or volumes to be shared between the Mac OS and the PC
environment
m turn the PC card on and off
m configure PC serial ports
m set display options
m set the shared memory size
m turn PC sounds on and off and use Sound Blaster sound capabilities
m configure PC drives
You also use the control panel to switch environments immediately and to
start, restart, or shut down the PC.
61
6 Configuring the PC Environment
Use the instructions in this chapter
if you need to change settings for
the PC environment.Choosing settings
To choose settings, follow these steps:
1 Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu.
2 Double-click the PC Setup control panel to open it.
3 When you have specified the settings you want, close the control panel.
All settings except RAM take effect as soon as you make them. If you
change the RAM setting, you must restart the Macintosh before the change
takes effect.
Online help available: To get brief on-screen explanations of items in the
control panel, choose Show Balloons from the Guide (h) menu. To get
detailed step-by-step help, see the “DOS Compatibility Software” topic of
Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
62 Chapter 6Configuring the PC serial ports
Your DOS-compatible Macintosh supports two serial ports, COM1 and
COM2. You can map these ports to an unused Macintosh printer port or
modem port, to a text file for later processing, or to a setting of None.
m To assign a Macintosh serial port to a COM port, make a selection in the COM port’s
pop-up menu.
When you map a port to a text file, a dialog box appears that you use to
specify a name and location for the file. Macintosh serial ports already in use
appear dimmed in the menu. (The printer port may be in use by AppleTalk,
which may be used for a network or LaserWriter connection; the modem port
may be in use by communications or fax software.) Changes to these
selections take place immediately.
Assigned ports may not be available to the Mac OS: Mac OS programs may no
longer be able to access ports that you’ve assigned to DOS. Allocate these
ports only when they’re needed, and deallocate them when they’re no longer
required by your DOS programs. (You won’t have to restart the computer to
have the changes take effect.)
The maximum baud rate supported by the DOS-compatible Macintosh when
a COM port is mapped to a Macintosh serial port is 19,200. However, when
the MODE command is issued in DOS and the serial port is set at 19,200
baud, the incorrect message “Function not supported on this computer” is
displayed. This occurs because DOS is looking for specific hardware (a PC
UART) that is not emulated by the DOS-compatible Macintosh. The
Macintosh actually does support 19,200 baud, and can be set by a number of
communication application programs.
Configuring the PC Environment 63Setting the monitor
The monitor connected to your Macintosh DOS-compatible system displays
the environment (Mac OS or PC) you’re working in. Even though you see
only one environment at a time, the other environment can still be active in
the background.
To set the monitor for the PC environment:
m Choose a monitor type in the Display pop-up menu.
See the Technical Information booklet that came with your computer for a list
of supported Macintosh monitors and for VGA and SVGA monitor
specifications.
If the DOS-compatibility software recognizes the monitor connected to your
computer as a non-multiscan display, it makes the appropriate selection for
you; other menu options are dimmed.
16" monitor requires driver: If you have a 16" monitor, the PC doesn’t use the
entire screen unless you install a display driver for the program that you’re
using. (DOS can’t use a video driver, so there will always be a large black
border around the DOS screen.) See “Reinstalling Video Drivers” in the
section “Reinstalling the DOS-Compatibility Software” in Chapter 8 for
instructions.
Setting the time and date
The PC environment uses the same date and time settings as the Mac OS. If
you change the time and date on the PC, it will not affect the time and date
on the Mac OS.
When you restart the PC, it synchronizes its time and date with the settings
you’ve chosen in the Mac OS. (The PC may lag up to 10 seconds behind the
Mac OS.)
64 Chapter 6Setting shared memory
You can install a 72-pin SIMM (memory module) on the DOS-compatible
card in your computer to give the card up to 32 MB of RAM for its exclusive
use. When no SIMM is installed, the card uses a portion of the RAM
installed in your Macintosh.
If your computer came with a SIMM already installed on the
DOS-compatible card, you cannot share memory between the Mac OS
and the PC environment. The PC uses the memory installed on the
DOS-compatible card exclusively. The shared memory options in the
PC Setup control panel will be dimmed (unavailable). See the Technical
Specifications booklet to determine whether your computer contains a
SIMM installed on the DOS-compatible card.
m Choose the amount of memory you want for your PC in the RAM pop-up menu.
In the RAM pop-up menu, a small square (M) shows the RAM that the PC is
currently using and a bullet (•) indicates how much RAM you assigned.
When the Macintosh starts up, it claims RAM for its own use before it sets
aside RAM for the PC. If the PC has less RAM than you installed, turn off
the Mac OS RAM disk (if you’re using one) in the Memory control panel.
You may also need to lower the disk cache size in the Memory control panel
to 128K or less.
Memory changes take place when you restart the Macintosh.
IMPORTANT Memory that you set aside for the PC environment is not
available to the Mac OS. To make this memory available, you must turn off
the PC (click the Off button at the top of the PC Setup control panel) and
restart the Macintosh.
Configuring the PC Environment 65Changing the amount of conventional memory
Many DOS and Windows programs require conventional memory to run.
At the same time, many device drivers and TSRs may be loaded into
conventional memory. If you find that you do not have enough conventional
memory to run some of your DOS or Windows programs, take the
following steps.
To increase Upper Memory Block (UMB) space to 122K instead of 64K, add
the following line to your CONFIG.SYS file:
DEVICE=C:\WINDOWS\EMM386.EXE RAM=D000-EFFF FRAME=D000
To load DOS into the UMB (high memory) also add the following to your
CONFIG.SYS file:
DOS=HIGH, UMB
Insert the LOADHIGH (LH) command before all TSRs and device drivers in
the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. For example:
LH C:\DOS\SMARTDRV.EXE /X
This will load these into UMB (high memory). If you run out of UMB space,
you may see an error message like this during the boot process:
Run time error R6009
-not enough space for environment.
In this case, remove LH from TSRs and device drivers one or two at a time,
and try again until the error message does not appear.
If a DOSCLIP copy command is executed from within Harvard Graphics 3.0,
then the PC crashes when Harvard Graphics is quit. To prevent this, use the
steps outlined above, making sure that SMARTDRV is one of the drivers
preceded with LH.
IMPORTANT To prevent the System BIOS from becoming corrupted when the
PC is configured for 2 MB of memory, set the switch in the CONFIG.SYS file
to turn memory testing off:
DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS /TESTMEM:OFF
66 Chapter 6Choosing shared folders or volumes
You can set up a Mac OS folder, Macintosh hard disk, shared disk, or
CD-ROM disc on a network to act as a PC drive.
Sharing a folder on your Macintosh hard disk is a convenient way to
transfer files between the Mac OS and the PC environment, especially if
you are dealing with many files, or large files.
You can share entire disks, or volumes. This is especially useful for network
volumes, CD-ROM drives, or other volumes that otherwise would not be
readily available to the PC environment. DOS treats all shared volumes as
network volumes. Some DOS commands, such as FORMAT, CHKDSK,
UNDELETE, and SUBST will not work on shared volumes.
m Choose an available drive letter from the Sharing pop-up menu in the PC Setup
control panel.
A dialog box appears, letting you select a folder or disk (volume) for
the drive.
Shared folders and volumes revert to their usual unshared status when you
shut down your Macintosh. To have a folder or volume automatically assigned
to a drive letter at startup, click the checkbox next to Attach at Startup. The
name of an automatically attached folder or volume appears underlined in the
Sharing pop-up menu. To turn off an assignment, choose the underlined item
in the menu.
IMPORTANT For the sharing functions to work properly, DOS must be running,
MacShare should be loaded as part of the AUTOEXEC.BAT file, and a
LASTDRIVE=x statement should appear in the CONFIG.SYS file, where
x is the highest drive letter available for sharing. AUTOEXEC.BAT and
CONFIG.SYS have x preset to M. See “MacShare” in the section “Working in
the PC Environment” in Chapter 5 for more information.
See the “Using DOS Files & Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the
Guide (h) menu, for more information on transferring files between the PC
environment and the Mac OS using floppy disks and other media.
IMPORTANT Use caution when handling the drive file. Erasing one of these is
equivalent to reformatting the hard drive it is emulating. The drive file is
locked when it is installed on your computer. If you must unlock it, be very
careful not to erase it.
Configuring the PC Environment 67Using shared folders
Because two operating systems have access to each shared folder, there may
be a noticeable slowdown in performance when using these folders for highspeed PC applications such as multimedia programs, or during large file
transfers between them. For optimum performance, place PC application
programs and their files in the C or D drive rather than in a shared folder.
The performance of Macintosh programs is unaffected by placing them in
shared folders.
Since the PC doesn’t understand the concept of resource forks the same way
the Macintosh does, information in a Macintosh file’s “resource fork” is lost
when it is copied by the PC. For example, if a Macintosh file is copied
between two shared folders using the COPY command in DOS, that file’s
original icon will be lost, and the file itself may be unusable in the Mac OS.
Many document files do not have resource forks and can be copied between
shared folders with no problems. The applications that created the files
contain the resource information for these files. However, QuickTime files
cannot be successfully copied between shared folders.
In some Microsoft application programs, there is a misrepresentation of the
shared drive icons. When you open a file from a shared folder in Microsoft
Excel or Microsoft Word, the shared drive icon may appear as a floppy disk
or CD. This does not affect the file’s content, and the file is still usable.
Do not attempt to use shared folders from a DOS shell run from Windows.
Strange text characters in a document
When using shared folders to exchange documents between the Mac OS and
the PC, in some cases a Macintosh application program may not be able to
interpret the file format of a PC document. When this happens, the
document’s formatting is displayed incorrectly and you may see strange
characters in the document.
m Try using a different application program.
m Translate the document into a different file format using one of the file
format translation utilities available for the Macintosh (such as MacLink
Plus Easy Open Translators from DataViz).
m Transfer the text using DOSCLIP.
m Use the Export feature found in many programs.
m Use a PC-Macintosh translation utility.
68 Chapter 6Turning on PC sounds
To have Sound Blaster and other PC sounds played through the Macintosh
speaker or through headphones, you need to make settings in both the PC
Setup control panel and in the Sound control panel.
Choosing a setting in the Sound pop-up menu
The Sound pop-up menu in the PC Setup control panel gives you three
choices:
m To hear PC sounds in both the PC environment and the Mac OS, choose
Enabled.
m To hear PC sounds only when you’re in the PC environment, choose
Auto Enabled.
m To shut off PC sounds entirely, choose Disabled.
Sound control panel takes precedence: The setting in the PC Setup control
panel’s Sound pop-up menu has no effect on sounds generated in the Mac OS.
If the volume is set to 0 in the Sound control panel, however, you won’t hear
any PC sounds no matter what the setting is in the PC Setup control panel’s
Sound menu.
For sounds generated by the Sound Blaster card and for sounds from the PC,
the Sound control panel must be set with the Internal CD playthrough option
turned on. For instructions, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide,
available in the Guide (h) menu.
The PC Sound control in the PC Setup control panel does not affect sounds
produced by the Sound Blaster card. Only PC-generated sounds such as the
system beep are affected by this control. To turn off both PC and Sound
Blaster-generated sounds, use the master volume control of the Mixer Control
application from the Audio program group, or turn off the Internal CD
playthrough in the Sound control panel in the Mac OS. (For instructions, see
the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.)
The Sound Blaster hardware installed in your DOS-compatible Macintosh is
not able to record sounds.
The DOS-compatible Macintosh does not fully support Sound Blaster 8-bit,
Sound Blaster 2.0, or Sound Blaster Pro drivers. If problems occur, use the
Sound Blaster 16 driver that comes with your computer.
Configuring the PC Environment 69Configuring drives C and D
You use the C: and D: pop-up menus to create or select PC drives. Drive C is
required; drive D is optional. You can use a PC-formatted SCSI hard drive
attached to your Macintosh, or you can create a drive container—a virtual PC
drive—on any Macintosh hard drive. You can even use a drive container
created by SoftPC or SoftWindows.
To use a PC-formatted SCSI drive as a startup (boot) drive, format the drive to
be bootable by using the FORMAT C: /S command.
m To create a drive container for drive C or D, choose New Drive File from the
C: or D: pop-up menu.
Set a location for the drive container, and give it a name and a size. Then
click Initialize Drive File.
When using a PC-formatted SCSI device as the PC’s C or D drive, ensure that
the driver for that device is not loaded by PC Exchange. This would cause PC
Exchange to mount the drive instead of the PC environment. Open the PC
Exchange control panel and click the Options button. Make sure the SCSI
driver for the device you want to use is not checked. Then click OK. This
ensures that the PC will be able to load the C drive.
Single versus multiple partitions: When you initialize a container this way, it
contains a single partition. To initialize a container with multiple partitions,
prepare it in DOS using the FDISK command instead of initializing it
through the PC Setup control panel. Then format it using the FORMAT
command. Use the /S parameter in the FORMAT command to make the
container bootable (for example, type FORMAT C: /S at the DOS prompt).
See the DOS manual for further instructions on using these commands.
m To change the drive container for drive C or D, choose Other Drive File from
the C: or D: pop-up menu, then locate the new drive container in the dialog box
that appears.
The change takes effect the next time you restart the PC. To have the change
take place immediately, click the Restart button at the bottom of the control
panel.
70 Chapter 6m To use a PC drive or partition, choose Drive Partition from the C: or D: pop-up menu.
A dialog box appears with a list of available partitions.
If you use a PC drive or partition and you have a utility that mounts these
devices on the Macintosh, unmount the drive or partition before starting the
PC by dragging its icon to the Trash.
If you intend to mount your PC drive file, partition, or disk on the Macintosh
using Macintosh PC Exchange, do not use a PC compression program. Drives
that are compressed cannot be mounted.
Managing PC files from the Mac OS
You can gain access to files in a drive container even if you’re in the Mac OS.
Follow these steps:
1 Double-click the drive container in the Finder.
The drive container appears as a disk icon on the Mac OS desktop.
2 Double-click the container’s disk icon.
The icon opens and you have access to the files inside it.
You can now manipulate these files as you would any Mac OS files.
Drive container may be read-only: If the PC is running, you won’t be able to
add anything to the drive container from the Mac OS. To do so, shut down the
PC from the PC Setup control panel and then do steps 1 and 2 above.
WARNING If you don’t unmount the drive or partition, you may lose data
because both the Macintosh and the PC may write to the device at the
same time.
Configuring the PC Environment 71Changing the size of the drive container
You may find, after installing software in a drive container, that the container
is too small or too large for your needs. You cannot change the size of an
existing drive container, but you can create a new one in the appropriate size
and move the software to it. You can also create an additional drive container
to supplement the existing one.
Two active containers maximum: For the following procedure to work,
drive D must be available for assignment to a new drive container. If both
drives C and D have been assigned, you must first set drive D to None and
drive C to the container you need to replace. (The contents of the container
mapped to drive D are unaffected.)
Calculating the proper size
To determine the proper size for the new container, follow these steps:
1 Make sure you’re in the Mac OS, then open the PC Setup control panel.
You see a small apple at the upper-left corner of the screen when you’re in the
Mac OS.
2 Check the name of the container associated with drive C.
The name of the container appears above the C: pop-up menu.
3 Locate the container in the Finder.
72 Chapter 64 Open the container’s Get Info window and note the container’s size.
To open the container’s Get Info window, select the container’s icon and
choose Get Info from the File menu.
5 Close the Get Info window by clicking its close box.
6 Switch to the PC environment.
7 At the DOS C: prompt, type DIR.
Note how much space is available.
8 Subtract the amount of available space on the drive from the container size.
The number you get is the current size you need for storage.
9 Add 10 percent to the result of the calculation in step 8.
It’s a good idea to have extra space available, because some applications may
need to write temporary work files to the drive, or you may need to add
software to the drive at a later time. The 10 percent figure, however, is
arbitrary; use a number that suits your needs.
If the current container is too large, the result of this calculation is the size
that the new container should be. Skip to step 12.
10 Determine the amount of storage needed by the additional software you want to install.
To do so, add together the individual storage space required for each program
you want to install. This information is probably available in the
documentation that came with your software.
11 Add the sums from steps 9 and 10.
The resulting sum is the size that the new container should be.
12 Press x-Return to switch back to the Mac OS.
Configuring the PC Environment 73Creating the new container
Now that you know what size the container should be, you’re ready to
create it.
1 Follow the instructions under “Configuring Drives C and D” earlier in this chapter to
create a new container for drive D.
You may need to remove some files from your hard disk to free enough space
for the new container.
2 Click Restart PC at the bottom of the PC Setup control panel.
3 Click Switch to PC.
You now have two drives available—drive C, your original container, and
drive D, the container you just created.
Moving the files
You can transfer your files from the old container to the new one in either the
Mac OS or the PC environment.
m To move files in the Mac OS, drag all the files from the existing drive container to
the new one.
To move the files in the PC environment, follow these steps:
1 At the DOS prompt, type FORMAT D: /S and press Return.
This command makes the new drive container bootable.
Answer Y when DOS asks if you’re sure.
2 When the DOS prompt returns, type the following command:
XCOPY C:\*.* D:\*.* /E /V
This command copies all the files and directories from your drive C container
to your drive D container.
3 Press x-Return to switch back to the Mac OS when copying is complete.
74 Chapter 64 In the PC Setup control panel, choose None from the D: pop-up menu.
Doing so deallocates drive D.
5 Choose Other Drive File from the C: pop-up menu and select the container you just
created.
Your new container is now associated with drive C.
6 Click Restart PC at the bottom of the PC Setup control panel.
7 Click Switch to PC.
8 At the DOS prompt, type DIR.
You should see a list of all the files you copied.
You may want to run some of your programs to verify that everything has
been copied correctly.
m To throw away the original drive container, first switch to the Mac OS. Then drag the
original container to the Trash and choose Empty Trash from the Special menu.
Doing so frees up the space on your hard disk that the container held in
reserve.
Configuring The PC Environment 75Understanding the status line
The status line at the bottom of the control panel gives you messages about
the status of the PC hardware and software. Messages can include any of the
following:
m DOS-compatibility card not present Your computer’s system software did not
recognize the DOS-compatible card installed in your computer. Reinstall
the PC software according to the directions in Chapter 8.
If reinstalling the software doesn’t help, contact an Apple-authorized
service provider for assistance, or call Apple’s customer support hotline.
(The phone number for the hotline is in the service and support
information that came with your computer.)
m PC Setup software not loaded An error occurred during the start-up process
and the DOS environment won’t run.
m PC is running You’ve clicked Start PC and the card is active.
m PC is shut down The card is installed but not running. To start the card,
click Start PC, or select Auto-Start PC and restart the computer.
m PC is turned off The Off button at the top of the PC Setup control panel
is selected.
m Not enough memory Your computer must have at least 8 megabytes (MB)
of RAM installed, and the PC requires at least 2 MB of free RAM if you
don’t have a SIMM installed on the DOS-compatible card for the exclusive
use of the PC. Turn off the RAM disk, if you’re using one, in the Memory
control panel, and restart your Macintosh.
76 Chapter 577
Consult this chapter if you experience
problems using the Mac OS.
When you have questions
If you want to know how to do a particular task in the Mac OS, refer to
Macintosh Guide in the Guide (h) menu. For instructions on using
Macintosh Guide, see Chapter 2 of this manual.
If you have problems working in the PC environment on your Macintosh, see
Chapter 8, “Troubleshooting in the PC Environment.”
If you have questions about using DOS, see your DOS manual.
When you run into trouble
While you’re using your computer, you may occasionally see a bomb icon
or an error message, or you may have a problem such as the pointer (8)
“freezing” on the screen. If you have trouble with your computer, take a few
minutes to read the information in this chapter. If your problem is related to a
particular procedure, you should also look for information on that procedure
in Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. For additional
troubleshooting information and a list of common questions relating to the
Mac OS, see the “Troubleshooting” topic of Macintosh Guide.
If you are unable to access Macintosh Guide (for example, if your screen
is “frozen”), refer to this chapter to see if you can resolve the problem.
7 Troubleshooting in the Macintosh EnvironmentTake your time
When you see an error message, you don’t have to take action immediately.
The message stays on the screen until you click the OK button or turn off the
Macintosh.
To help diagnose and correct the problem, gather as much information on the
situation as you can before starting over.
m Make a note of exactly what you were doing when the problem occurred.
Write down the message on the screen and its ID number (if any). Also list
the programs you were using and the names of any items you know have
been added to the System Folder since the system software was installed.
This information will help a service person diagnose the problem. (It is
helpful to keep a printed copy of the items in your System Folder. For
instructions on printing the contents of a folder, see the “Printing & Fonts”
topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide [h] menu.)
m Check the screen for any clues. Is a menu selected? What programs and
document icons are open? Note anything else that seems relevant.
m If you were typing text and were not able to save it before the problem
occurred, you can write down the parts of the text still visible on the
screen so that some of your work will be easy to replace.
m Ask other Macintosh users about the problem you’re having; they may have
a solution for it.
If you need repair service, consult the service and support information
that came with your computer for instructions on how to contact an Appleauthorized service provider or Apple for assistance.
78 Chapter 7Start over
Often you can eliminate a problem simply by clearing the computer’s memory
and starting over.
If you can, save any open documents before restarting the Macintosh. If your
system is frozen and does not respond to anything you do, or if you have a
“bomb” message on the screen, saving may not be possible. You can try
pressing x-Option-Esc to quit the program in use when the problem
occurred; if this works, you can then save the documents open in other
programs before restarting.
To restart your Macintosh, try the following steps:
1 If you can, choose Restart from the Special menu or from the dialog box that’s on the
screen.
Dialog boxes contain messages from the computer. If something goes wrong,
a message may appear on the screen, asking you to restart the computer.
2 If you can’t choose Restart, hold down the x and Control keys while you press the
Power key (marked with a triangle).
This key combination restarts the computer. (Use this key combination only
when you can’t choose Restart from the Special menu.)
3 If nothing happens, turn off your computer with the standby power button, wait at least
10 seconds, and then turn it on again.
4 If the standby power button doesn’t turn off the computer, unplug your Macintosh.
If you suspect that the problem is with other equipment, such as a printer or
an external hard disk that’s attached to your computer, turn that equipment off
for 10 seconds or longer, then turn it on again and restart the Macintosh.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 79Rebuild your desktop regularly
A process known as “rebuilding the desktop” helps your Macintosh keep
track of data on your startup disks. Although you usually use the hard disk in
your computer as a startup disk, you can also start up from any other disk that
has system software installed. It’s a good idea to rebuild the desktop of your
startup disks once a month or so.
To rebuild the desktop of a startup disk, follow these steps:
1 Hold down the Option and x keys while you start up your computer.
Do not release the keys until you see a message asking whether you want to
rebuild the desktop.
2 Click OK.
Solutions to common problems
The computer is turned on but the screen is dark.
One of the following is probably the cause:
m You have a screen saver program that darkens the screen when the
computer has not been used for a certain period.
Press a key or move the mouse to turn off the screen saver.
m The monitor’s brightness control (Û) is not adjusted properly.
Check the monitor’s brightness control and turn it up if necessary.
m The Macintosh or the monitor is not getting power.
Make sure the monitor is plugged in and turned on, and that the monitor
cable is firmly connected to both the computer and the monitor.
Make sure the computer’s power cord is firmly connected to the computer
and plugged into a grounded electrical outlet, and that the outlet has power.
If you have more than one monitor and only one is dark, check that it is set
up correctly in the Monitors control panel. For information on using more
than one monitor, see the “Monitors” topic of Macintosh Guide, available
in the Guide (h) menu.
80 Chapter 7m The monitor is plugged into the wrong port on the computer.
Make sure the monitor is plugged into the monitor port (marked with the
ª icon) on the upper-right corner of the computer’s back panel. If the
monitor is plugged into another port, it will not work.
If you are displaying video from your computer on a television screen, it is
normal for your computer monitor to be dark.
The computer won’t start up.
m The game controller is plugged into the wrong port.
Make sure the game controller is plugged into the joystick port on the
lower-right corner of the computer’s back panel. If the game controller is
plugged into another port, the computer will not start up.
The computer’s clock keeps time inaccurately.
Your computer has a clock that runs continuously. When the computer is
turned off, a battery keeps the clock running. If your clock begins to keep
time inaccurately, have your Apple-authorized service provider replace the
battery.
When you start up, a disk icon with a blinking question mark appears in the middle
of the screen.
This icon indicates that your Macintosh cannot find the system software it
needs to start up. One of the following is probably the cause:
m Your computer may be having a problem recognizing external equipment
that uses the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI).
Turn off all external SCSI equipment and disconnect the first SCSI device
in the chain from your computer’s SCSI port. Then restart the computer. If
the computer starts up after you disconnect your SCSI equipment, refer to
the manuals that came with the equipment for information on the proper
way to connect SCSI equipment and assign SCSI ID numbers.
If you have a printer connected to your computer’s SCSI port, make sure
your printer is not supposed to be connected to the printer port instead.
Check the manuals that came with your printer for information on how to
connect it properly.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 81m System software is not installed on the startup hard disk, the system
software is damaged, or the hard disk is not working properly.
Start up your computer using the Disk Tools floppy disk or (if you have a
built-in CD-ROM drive) with the CD-ROM disc that contains system
software. (For instructions on how to start up your computer from the
CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section
“Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this chapter.) Then follow the
instructions in “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter to test
your startup hard disk and repair any damage.
If repairing the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in “Installing or
Reinstalling Mac OS System Software” later in this chapter to reinstall
system software on your startup hard disk.
When you try to start up from a floppy disk, a disk icon with an X appears in the middle
of the screen and the floppy disk is ejected.
This icon indicates that the floppy disk you tried to start up from is not a
startup disk.
Wait a few seconds. The computer should start up from its internal hard
disk. Make sure you insert floppy disks only after the computer has begun
starting up.
82 Chapter 7A “sad Macintosh” icon appears and the computer won’t start up.
This icon indicates that your Macintosh cannot start up because of a problem
with the system software or the computer hardware.
Eject any floppy disks by turning off the computer and then holding down
the mouse button while you turn the computer on again. Try starting up with
the Disk Tools floppy disk or (if you have a built-in CD-ROM drive) with the
CD-ROM disc that contains system software. (For instructions on how to start
up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM
Disc” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this chapter.) If the “sad
Macintosh” icon appears again, consult the service and support information
that came with your computer for information on contacting an Appleauthorized service provider or Apple for assistance.
The Macintosh “hangs” or freezes during startup.
If the Mac OS is sharing 16MB or more of memory with the PC environment
and Disklight of Norton Utilities 3.1.1 is installed, the computer will freeze
during startup. This does not occur with 8MB or less shared memory. Restart
the Macintosh using one of the techniques described in “Start Over” in the
section “When You Run Into Trouble,” earlier in this chapter. Open the PC
Setup control panel and change the shared memory setting to 8 MB or less.
The hard disk icon does not appear on the desktop.
If you don’t see a hard disk icon on the desktop, try the following:
m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your computer, wait at least 10
seconds, and then turn it on again.
m If the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable
is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh.
m Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer.
See the manuals that came with your SCSI equipment for information on
setting SCSI ID numbers.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 83m If the hard disk is your startup disk, start your computer using the
Disk Tools floppy disk or (if you have a built-in CD-ROM drive) with the
CD-ROM disc that contains system software. (For instructions on how to
start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From
a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this
chapter.) Then follow the instructions in “Repairing a Damaged Disk”
later in this chapter to test your startup hard disk and repair any damage.
If repairing the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in “Installing or
Reinstalling Mac OS System Software” later in this chapter to reinstall
system software on your startup hard disk.
Icons do not appear correctly on your screen.
You need to rebuild the desktop—a process that helps your Macintosh keep
track of files and folders on your hard disks. For instructions, see “Rebuild
Your Desktop Regularly” in the section “When You Run Into Trouble” earlier
in this chapter.
If icons do not appear correctly after you rebuild the desktop, restart your
computer while pressing the Shift key to temporarily turn off system
extensions. When you see the “Welcome to Macintosh—extensions off”
message, release the Shift key and press the Option and x keys until you see
a message asking if you want to rebuild the desktop.
Your Macintosh can’t read a floppy disk.
If you see a message that a floppy disk is unreadable, try one of the following:
m If the disk has never been used, you may simply need to initialize it. For
instructions, see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in in the
Guide (h) menu.
m The disk may be damaged. See “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this
chapter for information on testing and repairing disks.
m The disk may be a DOS disk that the Macintosh environment cannot use.
Try switching to the PC environment and inserting the disk again.
84 Chapter 7If you are trying to use a DOS disk in the Macintosh environment, consider
the following:
m The disk may have been formatted incorrectly on a DOS computer (or in
the PC environment on your Macintosh). On DOS computers it’s possible
to format a standard double-sided disk in a high-density (1440K) format,
and vice versa. Disks formatted in this way cannot be read by a Macintosh
computer.
When formatting disks in the DOS environment for use in both the
Mac OS and DOS, always format standard double-sided disks in the 720K
format. Always format high-density disks in the 1440K format.
If a disk has been formatted incorrectly, switch to the PC environment and
copy the disk’s contents onto another disk that has been properly formatted.
The pointer (8) freezes on the screen.
Your system has a software problem.
m Press x-Option-Esc to quit the application program in use when the
problem occurred. If this works, you can save the documents open in other
programs before restarting.
m Restart your Macintosh. (For instructions, see “Start Over” in the section
“When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter.) Most software
problems are temporary, and restarting usually corrects the problem.
m Check the startup disk and program you were using when the problem
occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system
extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software.
m Sometimes incompatible system extensions or control panels can cause
system software problems. Restart while holding down the Shift key; this
temporarily turns off all system extensions. If your computer works
normally after you do this, remove all extensions from the Extensions
folder (inside the System Folder) and put them back into the Extensions
folder one at a time. Restart after you add each extension. This procedure
should identify any incompatible extensions.
You can also use the Extensions Manager control panel to turn off
individual extensions. For information on using this control panel to
manage system extensions, see the “Setting Options” topic of Macintosh
Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 85m If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See
“Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for
instructions.
A dialog box with a bomb appears.
Your system has a software problem.
m Write down what you were doing when the message appeared, the text of
the message, and the message number, if there is one.
m Restart your Macintosh. (See “Start Over” in the section “When You Run
Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter for instructions.) Most software
problems are temporary, and restarting usually corrects the problem.
m Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the
dialog box appeared. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and
system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software.
Reinstalling the system software may correct the problem.
m Sometimes incompatible system extensions or control panels can cause
system software problems. Restart while holding down the Shift key; this
temporarily turns off all system extensions. If your computer works
normally after you do this, remove all extensions from the Extensions
folder (inside the System Folder) and put them back into the Extensions
folder one at a time. Restart after you add each extension. This procedure
should identify any incompatible extensions.
You can also use the Extensions Manager control panel to turn off
individual extensions. For information on using this control panel to
manage system extensions, see the “Setting Options” topic of Macintosh
Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
m If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See
“Installing or Reinstalling Mac OS System Software” later in this chapter
for instructions.
86 Chapter 7The pointer (8) doesn’t move when you move the mouse.
One of the following situations is probably the cause:
m Your system has a software problem.
Press x-Option-Esc to quit the application program in use when the
problem occurred. If this works, you can save the documents open in other
programs before restarting.
Restart your Macintosh. See “Start Over” in the section “When You Run
Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter for instructions.
Check the startup disk and program you were using when the problem
occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system
extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software. Try
starting up the computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc
that contains system software. (For instructions on how to start up your
computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM
Disc” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this chapter.) If
your computer starts up normally, there may be an extension conflict.
If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See
“Installing or Reinstalling Mac OS System Software” later in this chapter
for instructions.
m The mouse is not connected properly.
Turn the computer off using the standby power button, check that the
mouse and keyboard cables are connected properly, and then restart the
computer.
m Signals from the mouse are not reaching the computer, either because the
mouse needs cleaning or because there is something wrong with the
mouse.
Clean the mouse according to the instructions in Appendix A of this book.
If you have another mouse or pointing device, try connecting and using it.
(Turn off the computer before connecting it.) If the new device works, there
is probably something wrong with the mouse you replaced.
If none of these procedures solves the problem, consult the service and
support information that came with your computer for instructions on how to
contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 87Typing on the keyboard produces nothing on the screen.
One of the following is probably the cause:
m Your system has a software problem.
Restart your Macintosh. For instructions, see “Start Over” in the section
“When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter.
Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the
problem occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and
system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software.
If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See
“Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for
instructions.
m You haven’t selected any text or set the insertion point (i).
Make sure the program you want to type in is the active program. Then
place the pointer (8) in the active window and click to set an insertion
point (i) or drag to select text (if you want to replace the text with your
typing).
m The keyboard is not connected properly.
Turn off the computer using the standby power button, then check that the
keyboard cable is connected properly at both ends.
If you have a keyboard with an ADB port (marked with the × icon) on
each end, turn off the Macintosh using the standby power button and plug
the keyboard cable into the other ADB port on the keyboard. (You may
have to unplug the mouse to do this.) Then restart the computer.
m The keyboard is damaged.
If you have access to another keyboard, try using it instead. (Turn the
computer off before connecting it.) If the new keyboard works, there is
probably something wrong with the one you replaced.
If none of these procedures solves the problem, consult the service and
support information that came with your computer for instructions on how
to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.
88 Chapter 7You can’t start an application program or it quits unexpectedly. Or, when you try to open
a program, you see a message that not enough memory is available.
One of the following is probably the cause:
m The Macintosh ran out of memory.
Quit the programs that you have open and then open the program you want
to use, or restart your Macintosh.
Use the Memory control panel to turn on virtual memory. For more
information on virtual memory, see the “Memory” topic of Macintosh
Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
m The program needs more memory.
Use the program’s Info window to give it more memory. For more
information on increasing a program’s memory, see the “Memory” topic
of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
m The program requires special hardware, such as a floating-point unit
(FPU), and your computer doesn’t have the hardware installed.
Check the documentation that came with the program to find out if the
program requires a Macintosh with special hardware, such as an FPU. Then
check the Technical Information booklet that came with your Macintosh to
find out if your computer is equipped with such special hardware, or if the
hardware can be installed. Consult your Apple-authorized service provider
for information on installing special hardware in your computer.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 89You see a message that an application program can’t be found.
The following dialog box appears if you try to open a document that was
created with software that is not on your hard disk.
Normally, you see this message if you try to open a document that came from
another Macintosh with software that is different from yours.
m The Macintosh Easy Open control panel is not installed. This is a control
panel that you can use to open documents when you don’t have the
program that created them. Reinstall the control panel from the system
software disks or CD-ROM disc containing system software that came with
your computer. (See the section “Installing or Reinstalling Mac OS System
Software” later in this chapter for instructions.) See Appendix D for
instructions on using Macintosh Easy Open.
m Some documents can be opened by more than one application program.
Try starting a program that you think might be able to open the document,
and then choose Open from the program’s File menu to try to open the
document.
m Purchase and install the correct software to use the document, or find out
if the creator of the document can convert it to a form that one of your
programs can use.
m Don’t try to open the files in the System Folder. Most of the files in the
System Folder are used by your computer for internal purposes and are not
intended to be opened.
m Rebuild the desktop by holding down the Option and x keys while starting
up your computer. Keep holding down the keys until you see a message
asking whether you want to rebuild the desktop. Click OK.
90 Chapter 7m If the document is from a DOS computer and you want to open it in the
Macintosh environment, use the PC Exchange control panel to specify
which Macintosh program will open the document. For information about
working with DOS documents in the Mac OS, see the “Using DOS Files &
Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
You experience problems using a DOS document.
If you can’t open a DOS document using a Macintosh program, try the
following:
m Open the document from within the program by choosing Open in the
program’s File menu.
m Use the PC Exchange control panel to change the document’s type to one
that can be opened by the program.
If a DOS document is displayed incorrectly, or you see strange codes or
characters in the document, try one of the following:
m Your application program may have special procedures for opening and
saving documents with different file formats. See the information that
came with your program.
m Try opening the document in another program.
Note: Some characters that can be displayed on the Macintosh are not
accurately displayed on DOS computers.
For more information about working with DOS documents in the Mac OS,
see the “Using DOS Files & Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the
Guide (h) menu.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 91The Mac OS is running out of memory even though I’m not running any PC programs.
When sharing memory with the PC environment, the Macintosh allocates a
portion of its memory to the PC. Because of this, the Mac OS may not be able
to load all your system extensions, including the PC Setup control panel.
If this problem occurs, try the following:
m Add memory to the DOS-compatibility card, as described in Appendix B.
m Decrease the shared memory setting.
m Remove PowerTalk and QuickDraw GX from the Extensions folder inside
the System Folder.
m Remove any other system extensions you don’t need.
m Change the name of the PC Setup control panel to !PC Setup so that it
loads first.
Shared memory assigned to the PC isn’t available to the Mac OS until you
turn off the PC. If the previous suggestions don’t solve your problem, click the
Off button at the top of the PC Setup control panel and restart the Macintosh.
92 Chapter 7Initializing a hard disk
Before you can use a new disk, the disk must be prepared so that the
computer knows where to store information on the disk. This preparation is
called initializing (or formatting) the disk.
When do you need to initialize a hard disk?
The hard disk inside your computer was initialized at the factory, so you
shouldn’t need to initialize it. You need to initialize a hard disk only if
m you purchase a hard disk that has not been initialized at the factory
m your hard disk is damaged
If a hard disk needs to be initialized, the disk’s icon does not appear on the
desktop when you start up the computer using another disk.
Starting up from a CD-ROM disc
To initialize, test, or repair a hard disk, or to install system software on a hard
disk, you need to start up your computer from another disk. If your computer
has a CD-ROM drive, you can start up your computer using the CD-ROM
disc containing system software that came with the computer.
To start up the computer using the CD-ROM disc, follow these steps:
1 Turn your computer on.
2 Press the Open/Close button on your CD-ROM drive, and quickly insert the CD-ROM disc
containing system software into the drive.
3 Immediately press and hold down the C key on your keyboard.
Continue to hold down the key until you see the “Welcome to Macintosh”
message.
WARNING Initializing a disk erases any information that may be on it.
Before you initialize a damaged disk, try to repair it as described in
“Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 93If a blinking question mark appears, or if the computer starts up from your hard
disk: You did not insert the CD-ROM disc quickly enough for the computer to
recognize it as a startup disk. Follow these steps:
1 Shut down your computer.
The CD-ROM disc will remain in the CD-ROM drive.
2 Turn the computer on.
3 Immediately press and hold down the C key on the keyboard.
Continue to hold down the key until you see the “Welcome to Macintosh”
message.
Starting up from a floppy disk
To initialize, test, or repair a hard disk, or to install system software on a
hard disk, you need to start up your computer from another disk. If you don’t
have a built-in CD-ROM drive, you can start up the computer using either
the Disk Tools or Install Disk 1 floppy disk that came with your computer.
To start up your computer using a floppy disk, follow these steps:
1 Shut down your computer.
2 Insert the floppy disk into the disk drive.
If you want to initialize, test, or repair your hard disk, use the Disk Tools
disk to start up your computer. If you want to install Mac OS system software,
use the Install Disk 1 disk.
3 Turn the computer on.
94 Chapter 7Reinitializing your computer’s internal hard disk
You initialize the internal hard disk using a program called Internal HD
Format, which is on the floppy disk labeled Disk Tools that came with your
computer. If your computer came with a CD-ROM drive and you didn’t
receive floppy disks, you can find Internal HD Format on the CD-ROM disc
that contains system software.
1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains
system software.
See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy
Disk” earlier in this section.
2 Double-click the Internal HD Format icon to open it.
You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Internal HD Format.
3 Type a name for your disk in the name box.
4 If you want to make sure that none of the hard disk’s original information is recognizable
after reinitialization, choose Zero Data in the Options menu.
If you choose Zero Data, initialization may take a few minutes. (If you don’t
choose Zero Data, initialization will take less than 30 seconds.)
5 Click Initialize.
A message informs you that initializing the disk erases all information on it.
6 Click OK.
During initialization, a status bar shows you the progress of the initialization.
7 When the initialization is complete, click Done.
If a message reports that initialization failed, try again. If initialization fails
a second time, take the disk to your Apple-authorized service provider for
repair.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 95Initializing an external SCSI hard disk
You initialize an Apple external SCSI hard disk using a program called Apple
HD SC Setup, which is on the floppy disk labeled Disk Tools that came with
your computer. If your computer came with a CD-ROM drive and you didn’t
receive floppy disks, you can find Apple HD SC Setup on the CD-ROM disc
that contains system software.
1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains
system software.
See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy
Disk” earlier in this section.
2 Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon.
You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Apple HD SC Setup.
3 Click Drive until the disk you want to initialize appears.
You cannot initialize the disk that you used to start up your computer or the
disk that contains the Apple HD SC Setup program.
4 Click Initialize.
96 Chapter 7
SCSI ID number of the currently selected hard disk
Name of the currently selected hard disk5 Click Init to initialize the hard disk.
6 If a message appears asking you to name the disk, type a name and then click OK.
7 Click Quit when you see a message reporting that initialization was successful.
If a message reports that initialization failed, try again. If initialization fails a
second time, take the disk to your Apple-authorized service provider for
repair.
Repairing a damaged disk
Disks can become damaged by repeated use and handling.
When do you need to repair a disk?
If you see a message reporting that a disk is damaged or unreadable, you may
need to repair the disk.
Try these suggestions first
If you can’t start up from a hard disk or you don’t see the hard disk icon on the
desktop, try the following:
m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your Macintosh, wait at least 10
seconds, and then turn it on again.
m If the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable
is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh.
m If the hard disk is your startup disk, start up with a different startup disk. If
the hard disk’s icon appears on your desktop, reinstall system software on
the hard disk (see “Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this
chapter).
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 97
Click here to initialize the disk. m Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer.
Each device must have a unique ID number (the computer itself has the ID
number 7). Also check that the chain of devices is terminated properly. For
information on setting SCSI ID numbers and terminating a SCSI chain,
see the manuals that came with your SCSI equipment.
m Test the disk following the instructions that come next.
Checking for damage on your internal hard disk
You can check for damage on your internal hard disk with the Internal HD
Format program, which is on the floppy disk labeled Disk Tools that came with
your computer. If your computer has a built-in CD-ROM drive and you didn’t
receive floppy disks, you can find the Internal HD Format program on the
CD-ROM disc that contains system software. You can use Internal HD Format
at any time to check for damaged blocks (segments of the hard disk that
cannot reliably be used to store information).
1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains
system software.
See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy
Disk” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter.
2 Open the Internal HD Format icon.
You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Internal HD Format.
3 Choose Scan All Blocks in the Functions menu.
If the program finds damaged blocks, it marks them so the computer will not
store information in them. This process does not harm any information on the
hard disk.
98 Chapter 7Testing an external SCSI hard disk
You can test an external Apple SCSI hard disk with the Apple HD SC Setup
program, which is on the floppy disk labeled Disk Tools that came with your
computer. If your computer has a built-in CD-ROM drive, and you didn’t
receive floppy disks, you can find the Apple HD SC Setup program on the
CD-ROM disc that contains system software.
1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains
system software.
See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy
Disk” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter.
2 Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon.
You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Apple HD SC Setup.
3 Click Drive until the disk you want appears.
4 Click Test.
5 When a message tells you that testing is complete, click Quit.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 99
SCSI ID number of the currently selected hard disk
Name of the currently selected hard diskIf the test reveals a problem, you may be able to correct it by using Disk First
Aid or another disk repair program (see the instructions in the next section),
or you may need to reinitialize the disk (see “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier
in this chapter). Consult an Apple-authorized service provider for assistance,
if necessary.
How to repair a hard disk or floppy disk
You can repair some types of disk damage by using the Disk First Aid
program, which is included either on the Disk Tools floppy disk or on the
CD-ROM disc containing system software that came with your computer.
1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains
system software.
See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy
Disk” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter.
2 Open the Disk First Aid icon.
You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Disk First Aid.
3 Click the icon of the disk you want to test.
Disk icons appear in a box at the top of the Disk First Aid window.
100 Chapter 74 Click Repair to begin testing and repairing the disk.
You can’t repair the startup disk or the disk that contains the Disk First Aid
program, but you can test these disks by clicking Verify. If the program
reveals a problem with either of these disks, start up the computer from
another disk so that you can repair the damaged disk.
If you want to test and repair another disk, click its icon and then click
Repair.
5 When testing and repair are finished, choose Quit from the File menu.
If Disk First Aid cannot correct the problem
m Try repairing the disk again. Sometimes repeating the process corrects the
problem.
m Use another disk repair or recovery program. Some disk repair programs
let you recover information from a damaged disk.
m Consult a computer repair specialist for help.
m Once you have recovered all the information you can, erase (reinitialize)
the disk. If initialization doesn’t work, discard the damaged disk (if it’s a
floppy disk), or take it to your Apple-authorized service provider for repair
(if it’s a hard disk).
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 101Installing or reinstalling Mac OS system software
System software is the set of programs and other files that the Mac OS uses to
start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs you
use. System software is kept in the folder called the System Folder. When you
turn on your computer, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk that
contains the system software. The startup disk is usually the hard disk that’s
inside your computer, although another hard disk or a floppy disk can also be
a startup disk.
The accessory kit that came with your Macintosh provides system software on
either a set of floppy disks or a CD-ROM disc. You can use the floppy disks
or the CD-ROM disc to install the system software on your Macintosh if you
need to do so.
When should you install system software?
Your Macintosh came with all the necessary system software installed on its
internal hard disk, so you don’t need to install system software on that disk
unless you encounter software problems.
If you have a new hard disk or a newly initialized hard disk that doesn’t
contain system software, or if you want to upgrade to a more recent version of
system software on a hard disk, follow the instructions in “Installing System
Software” later in this chapter.
If you want to install DOS on a drive container or another volume that
you’re using as a PC drive, see “Reinstalling PC Software” in the section
“Reinstalling the DOS-Compatibility Software” in Chapter 8.
When should you reinstall system software?
If you have a problem with your system software, you may see this icon in the
middle of the screen:
If this icon appears, follow the instructions in “Repairing a Damaged Disk”
earlier in this chapter to test your startup hard disk and repair any damage.
102 Chapter 7If repairing the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in the next section,
“Installing System Software,” to reinstall system software on your startup
hard disk.
Installing system software
Follow the steps in this section to do what is commonly called a “normal”
installation of system software.
If you’re installing system software on a hard disk for the first time, make sure
that your hard disk has been initialized, a process that prepares the disk to
store information. If you see the hard disk’s icon on the desktop when you
start up the computer, the disk has been initialized. If no disk icon appears
when you start up, see “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter for
instructions.
To do a normal installation, follow these steps:
1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains
system software.
See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy
Disk” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter.
2 Find and open the Disk First Aid icon.
You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Disk First Aid.
After Disk First Aid starts, follow the instructions on the screen. Disk First
Aid checks your hard disk for any problems.
3 When Disk First Aid has finished checking your hard disk, choose Quit from the
File menu.
4 Shut down your computer.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 1035 Start up your computer from the Install Disk 1 disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains
system software.
See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy
Disk” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter.
The Installer’s Welcome screen appears. You may have to double-click the
System Software Installer icon to open the Installer program.
6 Click OK.
The Easy Install dialog box appears.
7 Make sure that the hard disk named in the box is the one on which you want to install
system software.
If it isn’t, click Switch Disk until the correct disk name appears.
8 Click Install.
9 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
If you’re installing system software from floppy disks, you see messages
asking you to insert different disks.
104 Chapter 7
Parts of system
software to be
installed
Disk on which
system software
will be installed
Click here to install the
software you need.
Click here to install on
a different disk.10 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, click Restart.
If a message reports that installation was not successful, try installing again.
(Follow the instructions on the screen.)
If, after reinstalling system software by doing a normal installation, you still
experience problems with your computer, follow the steps in the next section
for doing a “clean” installation of system software.
IMPORTANT Certain system extensions or application programs that were
originally on your hard disk may not be installed with the Installer program.
If you notice that a certain extension or program was not installed, you may
need to install it separately. You can find these additional extensions and
programs on the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. If you don’t
have a CD-ROM drive, see the service and support information that came
with your computer for information on how to contact Apple directly for
assistance.
Doing a clean installation of system software
The steps in this section outline what is commonly called a “clean”
installation of system software. Do a clean installation if you can’t determine
what is damaged in your System Folder (especially if you think any special
software, such as control panels, system extensions, or custom utilities, may be
causing the problems you’re experiencing). You should also do a clean
installation if you’re still having problems with your computer after you’ve
reinstalled system software by doing a normal installation.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 105Testing your hard disk
To prepare your hard disk for a clean installation, follow these steps:
1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains
system software.
See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy
Disk” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter.
2 Find and open the Disk First Aid icon.
You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Disk First Aid.
After Disk First Aid starts, follow the instructions on the screen. Disk First
Aid checks your hard disk for any problems.
3 When Disk First Aid has finished checking your hard disk, choose Quit from the
File menu.
Preparing an external SCSI hard disk for reinstallation of system software
If you’re reinstalling system software on an Apple external SCSI hard disk,
follow these additional steps. If you’re reinstalling system software on your
internal hard disk, skip to the next section, “Installing New System Software.”
1 Find and open the Apple HD SC Setup icon.
You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Apple HD SC Setup.
2 Click Drive until the disk on which you want to reinstall system software appears.
3 Click Update and follow the instructions on the screen.
106 Chapter 74 When you see a message that the update (preparation for reinstalling system software)
was successful, click Quit.
The external SCSI hard disk is now prepared for reinstalling system software,
and you can proceed with the installation.
Installing new system software
1 Insert the Install Disk 1 disk into the floppy disk drive, or insert the CD-ROM disc that
contains system software into the CD-ROM drive.
The Installer’s Welcome screen appears. You may have to double-click the
System Software Installer icon to open the Installer program.
2 Click Continue.
The Easy Install dialog box appears.
3 Make sure that the hard disk named in the Destination Disk box is the one on which you
want to install system software.
If it isn’t, click Switch Disk until the correct disk name appears.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 107
Parts of system
software to be
installed
Disk on which
system software
will be installed
Click here to install the
software you need.
Click here to install on
a different disk.4 Hold down Shift–x–K to start the clean installation.
The following dialog box appears.
5 Click the Install New System Folder button and click OK.
The Easy Install dialog box appears. The Install button has changed to Clean
Install, and the contents of your old System Folder have been moved to a new
folder named Previous System Folder.
6 Click Clean Install.
7 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
It takes a few minutes to complete the installation.
8 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, you may need to
click Restart.
You need to click Restart only if you installed software onto the startup disk.
If a message reports that installation was not successful, try repeating the
clean installation procedure.
108 Chapter 7
Click here to install the
software you need.Replacing special software
1 Copy any special software items from the Previous System Folder back to your System
Folder one item at a time, restarting the computer after copying each item.
Special software consists of items such as control panels, system extensions,
or custom utilities that you may have added to your System Folder.
IMPORTANT Be very careful not to replace (copy over) any of the files in the
System Folder with files from the Previous System Folder.
2 Check after each restart to make sure your computer is not having any software
problems.
If any of your special software items causes software problems, contact the
software manufacturer for assistance or an upgrade.
Doing a custom installation
For most Macintosh users, the Easy Install procedure described in the
previous sections is appropriate, because it automatically installs all the items
you need. However, if you’d like to select a combination of system software
files for your specific needs, you can customize your system software
installation. You use custom installation to install or update one or more
specific files, or to save space on your hard disk by installing only the files
you want.
To install customized system software, follow these steps:
1 Insert the Install Disk 1 disk into the floppy disk drive, or insert the CD-ROM disc that
contains system software into the CD-ROM drive.
The Installer’s Welcome screen appears. You may have to double-click the
System Software Installer icon to open the Installer program.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 1092 Click OK.
The Easy Install dialog box appears.
3 Choose Custom Install from the pop-up menu.
The Custom Install dialog box appears, listing all available system software
components.
4 Scroll through the list of components, clicking the checkbox next to each component
you want to install.
110 Chapter 7To get additional information about a component, click the box with the letter
i in it to the right of the component.
5 Click Install.
6 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
7 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, click Quit.
If a message reports that installation was not successful, try installing again.
(Follow the instructions on the screen.)
8 Restart your Macintosh.
The system software is installed and your computer is ready to use.
Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment 111When you have questions
Read this chapter when you have questions about using the PC environment
on your Macintosh.
If you have questions about using DOS or DOS application programs, see
your DOS manual or the manuals that came with your programs.
WARNING If you have a problem with your DOS-compatibility hardware
or software and nothing presented in this manual solves it, consult the
service and support information that came with your computer for
instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or
Apple for assistance. If you attempt to repair the DOS-compatibility
hardware yourself, any damage you may cause to the DOS-compatibility
hardware will not be covered by the limited warranty on your DOScompatible Macintosh. Contact an Apple-authorized dealer or service
provider for additional information about this or any other warranty
question.
113
8 Troubleshooting in the PC Environment
Consult this chapter if you have
problems using the PC environment
on your Macintosh.When I try to switch to DOS, my screen is blank or has no synchronization.
If the monitor has never worked in DOS, it is most likely not able to
synchronize properly to the DOS video signal. Refer to the information in the
Technical Information booklet on monitor specifications and video modes, and
check with your monitor vendor to see if your monitor conforms to these
specifications.
If your monitor was working previously, verify that its type is selected in the
Display pop-up menu of the PC Setup control panel.
If its type doesn’t show, use the Display pop-up menu to select the correct
type. Restart the computer and, immediately after the chime sounds, hold
down the x-Option-P-R keys. When you hear another chime, release the keys.
Then open the PC Setup control panel again. You’ll get a message that PC
Setup is not properly installed. This is normal. Verify the settings, and restart
the computer again.
The Macintosh “hangs” or freezes during startup.
If the Mac OS is sharing 16 MB or more of memory with the PC
environment, and Disklight of Norton Utilities 3.1.1 is installed, the computer
will freeze during startup. This does not occur with 8 MB or less shared
memory. Restart the Macintosh using one of the techniques described in
“Start Over” in the section “When You Run Into Trouble” in Chapter 7. Open
the PC Setup control panel and change the shared memory setting to 8 MB
or less.
The DOS-compatibility software doesn’t seem to be installed.
Open the Control Panels folder and look for the PC Setup control panel. If
you find it, the DOS-compatibility software is installed. If not, or if you find
it but it doesn’t work, there may be a problem with the software. Reinstall the
software according to the instructions in “Reinstalling the DOS-compatibility
Software,” later in this chapter.
If you do find the PC Setup control panel, open it. If drive C is mapped to a
drive container, a drive container has been created. If drive C is not mapped
to a drive container, follow the instructions in “Creating a Drive Container”
in the section “Reinstalling the DOS-Compatibility Software” later in this
chapter.
114 Chapter 8When I switch to the PC environment, I see this message: “Non-system disk or disk
error. Replace and strike any key when ready.”
The DOS-compatibility hardware can’t find DOS.
Switch to the Mac OS by pressing x-Return, open the PC Setup control
panel, and make sure drive C is mapped to a drive container. If not, follow the
instructions under “Configuring Drives C and D” in Chapter 6.
If drive C is mapped to a drive container, it may not be the drive container
that holds DOS. If other drive containers have been created, double-click each
one in the Mac OS and look for DOS folders and files. If you locate a
container with DOS in it, map it to drive C.
If no drive container exists, the PC software may not be installed. First, create
a drive container by following the instructions under “Configuring Drives
C and D” in Chapter 6. Then follow the instructions under “Reinstalling PC
Software” in the section “Reinstalling the DOS-Compatibility Software” later
in this chapter.
I’m running applications in both environments and they seem sluggish.
You may be sharing Macintosh RAM with the PC. Performance may improve
if you give the PC environment its own memory by installing a SIMM
(memory module) on the DOS-compatibility card in your computer. For
instructions, see Appendix B.
Additionally, significant drive access in one environment (including file
sharing) can cause a slowdown in the other.
There is a delay when switching between environments.
When switching would interfere with a Mac OS system task, there is a slight
delay until the task is completed.
There also may be a delay while clipboard information is transferred between
the two environments. (If there’s a large amount of information on the
clipboard, you may actually see the translator window.)
If Shutdown Warning is turned on in the General Controls panel in the Mac
OS, you cannot switch back to the Mac OS immediately after switching to the
PC. Wait a few minutes and try switching again. To fix the problem, open the
General Controls panel in the Mac OS and turn off the Shutdown
Warning option.
Troubleshooting in the PC Environment 115I switched to the PC environment and I can’t figure out how to switch back to the
Mac OS.
Press x-Return at any time to switch to the Mac OS.
Inserting a PC-format disk in the Mac OS brings up an initialization message.
Macintosh PC Exchange may not be installed. Look in the Control Panels
folder for a control panel called Macintosh PC Exchange. If you don’t find it,
reinstall Macintosh PC Exchange from the floppy disks or CD-ROM disc that
contains system software.
I’m in the PC environment and I can’t figure out how to eject a floppy disk.
Press x-E.
I’m in the PC environment and I can’t figure out how to eject a CD-ROM disc.
Press x-Y.
The PC drive file I initialized has only one partition.
Macintosh PC Exchange configures drives to have a single partition. The DOS
program FDISK can configure a drive with up to four partitions. See your
DOS manual for more information.
The PC won’t start up, and there’s a message saying there is not enough free memory.
Your computer must have at least 8 MB of RAM installed. If you don’t have a
SIMM installed for the exclusive use of the PC environment (see the Technical
Information booklet), the PC requires at least 2 MB of free RAM if you are
using DOS, and 4 MB if you are using Windows. Turn off the RAM disk, if
you’re using one, in the Memory control panel. Additionally, set the disk
cache size in the Memory control panel to 128K or less.
116 Chapter 8The PC Setup icon has a red slash through it at startup.
If PC Setup doesn’t have enough memory to allocate to the PC at startup time,
it will turn itself off. Check the Memory control panel for disk cache and
RAM disk sizes; the disk cache should be set no higher than 128K, and the
RAM disk should be off (or have a small amount of memory allocated to it).
Restart the Macintosh if you change either of these settings.
If these steps don’t correct the problem, throw away the PC Setup Prefs file in
the Preferences folder within the System Folder and restart the Macintosh.
Then use the PC Setup control panel to recreate your settings.
When I switch to the Mac OS from the PC environment, the following message appears:
“PC Clipboard requires additional system services in order to function. Please ensure
that the DOS-compatibility card is successfully installed.”
Macintosh Easy Open software is either not installed or has been turned off.
Turn on the Macintosh Easy Open control panel, or reinstall it from the DOS
Compatibility Installer (for the Mac OS) disk. If your computer has a built-in
CD-ROM drive and you don’t have the floppy disk, use the DOS Compatibility
Installer program on the CD-ROM disc that contains system software.
I set the DOS-compatibility card to use 4 MB (or more) of RAM, but I get an error
message from my PC application program saying that there’s not enough memory
to run it.
If you are sharing memory between the Macintosh and PC, the Mac OS may
be using some of the RAM you requested for the PC. Turn off the RAM disk,
if you’re using one, in the Memory control panel; then restart the Macintosh.
A PC program displays a message that it needs 540K to run, but I have 4MB of memory
allocated to the PC environment.
The program is referring to conventional memory. Most of the balance of the
4 MB of memory you assigned to the PC is used by the EMM386 memory
management software. Configure your application program to use more
extended memory and less conventional memory. You may also need to
disable some device drivers or other software in your CONFIG.SYS and
AUTOEXEC.BAT files to free up more conventional RAM. See the section
on managing memory in your DOS manual for more information.
Troubleshooting in the PC Environment 117The Mac OS is running out of memory even though I’m not running any PC programs.
When sharing memory with the PC environment, the Macintosh allocates a
portion of its memory to the PC. Because of this, the Mac OS may not be
able to load all your system extensions, including the PC Setup control panel.
If this problem occurs, try the following:
m Add memory to the DOS-compatibility card, as described in Appendix B.
m Decrease the shared memory setting.
m Remove PowerTalk and QuickDraw GX from the Extensions folder inside
the System Folder.
m Remove any other system extensions you don’t need.
m Change the name of the PC Setup control panel to !PC Setup so that it
loads first.
Shared memory assigned to the PC isn’t available to the Mac OS until you
turn off the PC. If the previous suggestions don’t solve your problem, click the
Off button at the top of the PC Setup control panel and restart the Macintosh.
My monitor flashes oddly when I switch environments.
This is a natural effect when a single monitor is used by two different
environments. Turn on the Fade Screens option in the PC Setup control panel.
The PC environment is frozen, and pressing Control-Alt-Delete doesn’t reset the system.
Press the x-Control-Alt-[keypad] period keys. The system will reset with a
cold start.
When I print a document in the PC environment, the top and bottom get clipped.
In the Mac OS, open PC Print Spooler in the Extensions folder, choose
Preferences from the File menu, and click “Gaps between pages (60-lines).”
In the PC environment, configure your applications to print to a 60 line page,
rather than a 66-line page, or your margins will be off and your pages will
not print correctly.
118 Chapter 8When I start up certain software in the PC environment, my Apple monitor shows a
jumbled image and the display rolls.
Some application programs that write directly to the hardware (especially
games) may cause the Apple 13", 14", and 16" monitors to lose video
synchronization at program startup. Call the software company to see if the
software has a switch to force it to make BIOS calls (or if an upgrade is
available with this feature).
DOS begins to start up but then the screen freezes. My cursor blinks, but I cannot
type anything.
Press x-Control-Alt-[keyboard] period to restart the PC. When you see the
message “Starting MS-DOS,” press and hold the F5 key. This will bypass your
CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files. Edit the CONFIG.SYS file so that
the HIMEM.SYS driver looks like the following:
DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS /TESTMEM:OFF
Restart the PC; it should now start up normally.
Reinstalling the DOS-compatibility software
Your Macintosh DOS-compatible computer comes with the
DOS-compatibility hardware and software already installed. You
should reinstall the software only if you are having severe software problems.
Follow the instructions in this section.
There are several steps to reinstalling your DOS-compatibility software:
m install the Mac OS software
m create a storage area (called a drive container) for DOS software
m set aside RAM for the PC environment, if necessary
m install the Microsoft MS-DOS operating system (and Microsoft Windows
if you wish)
m install the additional DOS software that came with your DOS-compatible
computer
m install your own PC software
For information on setting up the software after you install it, including
additional changes you may need to make to the DOS AUTOEXEC.BAT and
CONFIG.SYS files, see Chapter 5.
Troubleshooting in the PC Environment 119Reinstalling Mac OS software
You’ll install several extensions and control panels in your System Folder.
1 Start up your Macintosh while holding down the Shift key.
This starts the Macintosh with extensions turned off.
2 Insert the floppy disk named DOS Compatibility Installer Disk (for Mac OS Environment)
into the floppy disk drive.
If your computer has a built in CD-ROM drive, and you don’t have this floppy
disk, insert the CD-ROM disc that contains system software.
3 Find the DOS Compatibility Installer icon and double-click it to open it.
4 Click Install in the dialog box that appears.
The software is automatically installed onto your hard disk.
5 When the installation is complete, click Quit and restart your Macintosh.
The following Mac OS software is now installed in your System Folder:
Name Location
Macintosh Easy Open Control Panels folder
PC Exchange Control Panels folder
PC Setup Control Panels folder
PC Setup Guide Additions Extensions folder
PC Clipboard Extensions folder
PC Clipboard Translators Extensions folder
PC Print Spooler Extensions folder
PC Network Extension Extensions folder
120 Chapter 8Creating a drive container
A drive container is a file on a Macintosh hard disk that acts as a hard drive
for the PC. You create a drive container using the PC Setup control panel.
1 Open the PC Setup control panel.
2 Choose New Drive File from the C: pop-up menu.
A dialog box appears.
3 Choose a location for the drive container.
The drive container can be on any hard disk attached to the Macintosh. At
least 40 MB of free space is recommended.
Troubleshooting in the PC Environment 121It’s best to locate the container at the root level of your hard disk (not in any
folders or sub-folders) so that you can locate it easily.
4 Type a name for the drive container.
You can type up to 31 characters. Pick a descriptive name such as PC Drive or
PC Container so that you can easily identify it.
When you finish, press the Tab key to move to the Size field.
5 Type a size (in MB) for the drive container.
At least 40 MB is recommended. The exact amount of space you need
depends on what application programs you intend to install for DOS and
Windows. Check the documentation that came with the programs to see
how much space you’ll need, then allow some extra room for growth.
(The software included with your DOS-compatible computer requires
about 25 MB.)
6 Check Initialize Drive File to automatically initialize the drive container with a single
partition.
If you want more than one partition, you can leave the box unchecked and use
the FDISK and FORMAT programs after you’ve installed DOS. (See your
DOS manual for instructions and information about the FDISK and
FORMAT commands and their options.)
7 Click Create.
Assigning RAM to the PC
The PC needs memory to operate. You can provide memory with a memory
module (SIMM) installed on the DOS-compatibility card in your computer,
or by assigning it RAM from your Macintosh. If a memory module is
installed on the DOS-compatibility card, the RAM pop-up menu options
will be dimmed (unavailable). The amount of memory available to the PC
will depend of the amount of RAM on the installed SIMM. See the Technical
Specifications booklet to find out whether your DOS-compatibility card
includes a SIMM and what RAM capacity the SIMM has. If a SIMM is
installed, skip to “Reinstalling PC Software,” next.
122 Chapter 8Memory installed on the DOS-compatibility card in your computer is for the
exclusive use of the PC environment, and provides a marked increase in
performance of PC applications.
If no memory module is installed, you need to assign RAM to the PC.
1 Choose a memory size from the RAM pop-up menu in the PC Setup control panel.
If you’re installing DOS only, choose a minimum of 2 MB. If you intend to
install Windows, choose a minimum of 4 MB.
Note: Windows performance will increase if you allocate more memory to
the PC. However, RAM assigned to the PC is not available in the Mac OS
until you turn off the card in the PC Setup control panel and restart the
computer.
2 Restart the Macintosh.
IMPORTANT If the RAM size is set to 2 MB, modify the CONFIG.SYS file in
DOS as follows:
DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS /TESTMEM:OFF
Reinstalling PC software
You begin by installing the Microsoft MS-DOS operating system included
with your computer. You can also install Microsoft Windows if you wish.
1 Open the PC Setup control panel and click Switch to PC.
The Macintosh desktop disappears, and you see a message about a missing
operating system or about a disk error. Ignore the message.
2 Insert the CD-ROM disc containing DOS and Windows software into the computer’s
CD-ROM drive.
If you are using floppy disks, insert the Microsoft MS-DOS Setup floppy disk
and press Return.
The DOS disks and manual are in the same shrink-wrapped package.
3 If you are using the CD-ROM disc, find and open Microsoft MS-DOS Setup.
Troubleshooting in the PC Environment 1234 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
If you are using floppy disks, press x-E to eject a disk when necessary.
Note: The MS-DOS installation disks do not include a DOS mouse driver.
A mouse driver for Windows is automatically installed, however, if you install
Microsoft Windows. Mouse drivers for DOS are widely available from thirdparty sources.
5 When DOS installation is complete, you may want to install Windows. If you are using
the CD-ROM disc, find and open the file called Windows Series Installation Instruction
Diskette 1 of 6, type A:setup, and press Return.
If you are using floppy disks, insert the disk labeled Windows Series
Installation Instruction Diskette 1 of 6, type A:setup, and press Return.
The Windows disks and manual are in the same shrink-wrapped package.
You can skip this and the next step if you don’t want to install Windows.
6 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
If you are using floppy disks, press x-E to eject a disk when necessary.
The following PC software is now installed:
DOS (directory)
WINDOWS (directory)
COMMAND.COM
AUTOEXEC.BAT
CONFIG.SYS
124 Chapter 8Installing additional PC software
Your DOS-compatible computer comes with additional software utilities that
you may want to install. The following table describes the function of each
program. For more information on using these programs, see Chapter 5,
“Operating in the PC Environment.”
Program name Function
DOSCLIP Lets you copy and paste between DOS and Mac OS.
WINCLIP Lets you copy and paste between Windows and Mac OS.
MACSHARE Lets you share Mac OS volumes and folders with the PC environment.
CDROM Lets you access your Macintosh CD-ROM drive from the PC environment.
MACODI Provides support for accessing networks in the PC environment.
To install the additional software, follow these steps:
1 With the PC environment on the screen, insert the disk named DOS Compatibility
Installer Disk (for PC Environment) into the disk drive.
2 Choose one of the options below to install software for either DOS alone or both DOS
and Windows.
m To install software for DOS alone, type A:INSTALL at the DOS prompt
and press Return.
m To install software for both DOS and Windows, start Windows, select the
Run command from the File menu, type A:SETUP for the program name,
and click OK.
3 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
Troubleshooting in the PC Environment 125Replacing the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files
Your DOS-compatible PC software includes alternate versions of the
CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files that let you select from a variety of
DOS memory-management options. Each time you start DOS, you will see a
menu that asks if you want to optimize memory for just DOS, for a DOS
program that requires maximum conventional memory, for a DOS program
that requires maximum expanded memory, or if you want to start Windows
immediately.
To install the alternate CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files, follow
these instructions:
1 Switch to the PC environment.
2 At the DOS prompt, type the following:
C:
REN CONFIG.SYS CONFIG.BAK
REN AUTOEXEC.BAT AUTOEXEC.BAK
COPY ALT_CFGS\CONFIG.APL CONFIG.SYS
COPY ALT_CFGS\AUTOEXEC.APL AUTOEXEC.BAT
3 To restart the PC with the alternate files installed, type Control-Alt-[keypad] period.
If your keyboard has a Delete key, you can press Control-Alt-Delete instead.
The PC restarts and the new menu appears.
Modifying the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files
You may want to modify the CONFIG.SYS file by hand to meet specific
needs. Use the DOS Edit command (or any other DOS or Windows editor)
and make the changes listed below.
IMPORTANT Make backup copies of your original files before you change
them. That way you still have your originals in case problems develop.
Be sure to save the file when you are finished. To prevent the ROM BIOS
from becoming corrupted when the PC is configured for 2 MB of memory, be
sure to add the underlined text to the indicated line:
DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS/ TESTMEM:OFF
126 Chapter 8If you do not intend to use software that requires expanded memory (EMS),
make the following change:
DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE NOEMS RAM=D000-EFFF
If you intend to use software that does use expanded memory, or you’re
unsure what you may need in the future, make the following change:
DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE RAM=D000-EFFF FRAME=D000
Depending on how you have reconfigured the file, your CONFIG.SYS file
should look something like this:
DEVICE=C:\DOS\SETVER.EXE
DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS /TESTMEM:OFF
DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE RAM=D000-EFFF FRAME=D000
DOS=HIGH,UMB
FILES=30
LASTDRIVE=M
Additionally, your AUTOEXEC.BAT file should contain the following:
LH C:\DOS\SMARTDRV.EXE /X
@ECHO OFF
PROMPT $p$g
PATH C:\WINDOWS;C:\DOS
SET TEMP=C:\DOS
(The reference to Windows in the PATH line applies only if you chose to
install Windows.)
See your DOS manual to learn how to edit and save your DOS files.
IMPORTANT Some memory configuration utilities, such as MEMMAKER,
may not be able to determine the exact nature of the hardware of the DOScompatible computer and, therefore, may not be compatible. Additionally,
using third-party compression software such as DriveSpace on a drive
container prevents you from accessing the container or the files within it
from the Mac OS. For these reasons, Apple does not recommend using these
programs with your DOS-compatible computer.
Troubleshooting in the PC Environment 127Bypassing the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files at startup
To bypass the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files during the startup
process, press and hold the F5 key (x-5 on non-extended keyboards) after the
memory testing is complete.
Reinstalling Sound Blaster software
To install Sound Blaster software, follow these steps:
1 Insert the Sound Blaster Software Installation disk in the floppy disk drive while the PC is
in the foreground.
2 From DOS, type A:INSTALL and press Return.
3 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
4 Restart DOS to use the new software.
To do so, press Control-Alt-[keypad] period.
See the enclosed manual, Using PC Sounds with the DOS-Compatibility Card,
for information about using the Sound Blaster utilities.
Reinstalling video drivers
If you intend to run Windows with 256 colors at a resolution of 640 by 480
pixels, or if you intend to use an Apple 16" or VGA display with 16 colors at a
resolution of 800 by 600 pixels, follow these steps:
1 Insert the Display Drivers Disk 1 disk in the floppy disk drive while the PC is in the
foreground.
2 From DOS, type A: and press Return to set the current drive to A.
3 Type SETUP and press Return to run the setup program.
Follow the instructions on the screen to install the video drivers. Select
Windows 3.1 as the application.
Note: If you are using an Apple 16" monitor, DOS is displayed at a resolution
of 640 by 480 pixels centered on your monitor and surrounded by a large
black border.
128 Chapter 8For your own safety and that of your equipment, follow all the instructions in
this chapter. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others.
Health-related information about computer use
Muscle soreness, eye fatigue, and other discomforts and injuries sometimes
associated with using computers can occur from performing any number of
activities. In fact, misuse of the same muscles during multiple activities can
create a problem that might not otherwise exist. For example, if you engage
in nonwork activities that involve repetitive stress on the wrist—such as
bicycling—and also use your computer’s keyboard improperly, you may
increase your likelihood of developing wrist problems. Some individuals are
at greater risk of developing these problems because of their health,
physiology, lifestyle, and general exposure to stress. Work organization and
conditions, such as workstation setup and lighting, also play a part in your
overall health and comfort. Preventing health problems is a multifaceted task
that requires careful attention to the way you use your body every hour of
every day.
The most common health effects associated with using a computer are
musculoskeletal discomfort and eye fatigue. We’ll discuss each area of
concern below.
129
Appendix A
Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips
Read this appendix for important
health and safety instructions,
as well as tips on keeping your
computer in good working order.Musculoskeletal discomfort
As with any activity that involves sitting for long periods of time, using a
computer can make your muscles sore and stiff. To minimize these effects, set
up your work environment carefully, using the guidelines that follow, and take
frequent breaks to rest tired muscles. To make working with your computer
more comfortable, allow enough space in your work area so that you can
change position frequently and maintain a relaxed posture.
Another type of musculoskeletal concern is repetitive stress injuries (RSIs),
also known as cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs). These problems can
occur when a certain muscle or tendon is repeatedly overused and forced into
an unnatural position. The exact causes of RSIs are not totally understood, but
in addition to awkward posture, such factors as the amount of repetition, the
force used in the activity, the individual’s physiology, workplace stress level,
and lifestyle may affect the likelihood of experiencing an RSI.
RSIs did not suddenly arise when computers were invented; tennis elbow and
writer’s cramp, for example, are two RSIs that have been with us for a long
time. Although less common than other RSIs, one serious RSI discussed more
often today is a wrist problem called carpal tunnel syndrome, which may be
aggravated by improper use of computer keyboards. This nerve disorder
results from excessive pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the
wrist to the hand.
This section offers advice on setting up your work area to enhance your
comfort while you use your computer. Since the effects of repetitive
movements associated with using a computer can be compounded by those of
other work and leisure activities to produce or aggravate physical problems,
proper use of your computer system must be considered as just one element
of a healthy lifestyle.
No one, of course, can guarantee that you won’t have problems even when you
follow the most expert advice on using computer equipment. You should
always check with a qualified health specialist if muscle, joint, or eye
problems occur.
130 Appendix AEye fatigue
Eye fatigue can occur whenever the eyes are focused on a nearby object for a
long time. This problem occurs because the eye muscles must work harder to
view an object that’s closer than about 20 feet (6 meters). Improper lighting
can hasten the development of eye fatigue. Although eye fatigue is annoying,
there’s no evidence that it leads to permanent damage.
Whenever you’re engaged in an activity that involves close-up work—such as
reading a magazine, doing craft work, or using a computer—be sure to have
sufficient glare-free lighting and give your eyes frequent rest breaks by
looking up and focusing on distant objects. Remember to have your eyes
examined regularly.
To prevent discomfort and eye fatigue:
m Arrange your workspace so that the furniture is properly adjusted for you
and doesn’t contribute to an awkward working posture.
m Take frequent short breaks to give your muscles and eyes a chance to rest.
Arranging your office
Here are some guidelines for adjusting the furniture in your office to
accommodate your physical size and shape.
m An adjustable chair that provides firm, comfortable support is best. Adjust
the height of the chair so your thighs are horizontal and your feet flat on
the floor.
The back of the chair should support your lower back (lumbar region).
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for adjusting the backrest to fit your
body properly.
m When you use the computer keyboard, your shoulders should be relaxed.
Your upper arm and forearm should form an approximate right angle, with
your wrist and hand in roughly a straight line.
Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 131You may have to raise your chair so your forearms and hands are at the
proper angle to the keyboard. If this makes it impossible to rest your feet
flat on the floor, you can use a footrest with adjustable height and tilt to
make up for any gap between the floor and your feet. Or you may lower
the desktop to eliminate the need for a footrest. Another option is to use a
desk with a keyboard tray that’s lower than the regular work surface.
m Position the mouse at the same height as your keyboard. Allow adequate
space to use the mouse comfortably.
m Arrange the monitor so the top of the screen is slightly below your eye
level when you’re sitting at the keyboard. The best distance from your eyes
to the screen is up to you, although most people seem to prefer 18 to 28
inches (45 to 70 cm).
m Position the monitor to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from
overhead lights and windows. You may want to use a tiltable monitor
stand. The stand lets you set the monitor at the best angle for viewing,
helping to reduce or eliminate glare from lighting sources you can’t move.
Thighs horizontal
Shoulders relaxed
Screen positioned to avoid
reflected glare
Forearms and hands
in a straight line
Forearms level
or tilted up slightly
Lower back supported
Feet flat on the floor
Top of the screen at or slightly
below eye level (You may need
to adjust the height of your
monitor by placing something
under it or by raising your
work surface.)
Clearance under work surface
45–70 cm (18–28 in.)
132 Appendix AAvoiding fatigue
m Change your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel
tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue.
m Use a light touch when typing or using a mouse and keep your hands and
fingers relaxed.
m Some computer users may develop discomfort in their hands, wrists, or
arms after intensive work without breaks. If you begin to develop chronic
pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists, or arms, consult a qualified
health specialist.
m Allow adequate work space so that you can use your keyboard and mouse
comfortably. Place papers or other items so you can view them easily while
using your computer. A document stand may make reading papers more
comfortable.
m Eye muscles must work harder to focus on nearby objects. Occasionally
focus your eyes on a distant object, and blink often while you work.
m Clean your screen regularly. Keeping the screen clean helps reduce
unwanted reflections.
What about electromagnetic emissions?
There has been recent public discussion of the possible health effects of
prolonged exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low
frequency (VLF) electromagnetic fields. Such fields are associated with
electromagnetic sources such as television sets, electrical wiring, and some
household appliances—as well as computer monitors.
Apple has reviewed scientific reports and sought the counsel of government
regulatory agencies and respected health organizations. Based on the
prevailing evidence and opinions, Apple believes that the electric and
magnetic fields produced by computer monitors do not pose a health risk.
In response to those customers who wish to reduce their exposure to
electromagnetic fields, Apple has lowered the emission levels of our products.
We are also actively encouraging further scientific research so we can
continue to promote the health and safety of our customers and employees.
Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 133Safety instructions
For your own safety and that of your equipment, always take the following
precautions.
Turn off the computer completely and disconnect the power plug (by pulling
the plug, not the cord) if any of the following conditions exists:
m the power cord or plug becomes frayed or otherwise damaged
m you spill something into the case
m your Macintosh is exposed to rain or any other excess moisture
m your Macintosh has been dropped or the case has been otherwise damaged
m you suspect that your Macintosh needs service or repair
m you want to clean the case (use only the recommended procedure
described later in this chapter)
Be sure that you always do the following:
m Keep your Macintosh away from sources of liquids, such as wash basins,
bathtubs, shower stalls, and so on.
m Protect your Macintosh from dampness or wet weather, such as rain, snow,
and so on.
m Read all the installation instructions carefully before you plug your
Macintosh into a wall socket.
m Keep these instructions handy for reference by you and others.
m Follow all instructions and warnings dealing with your system.
WARNING Electrical equipment may be hazardous if misused. Operation
of this product, or similar products, must always be supervised by an
adult. Do not allow children access to the interior of any electrical
product and do not permit them to handle any cables.
134 Appendix AHandling your computer equipment
Follow these guidelines for handling your computer and its components:
m When setting up your computer, place components on a sturdy, flat surface,
and carefully follow all setup instructions.
m When connecting or disconnecting a cable, always hold the cable by its
connector (the plug, not the cord).
m Turn off your computer and all its components before connecting or
disconnecting any cables to add or remove any component. Failure to do so
could seriously damage your equipment.
m Never force a connector into a port. If the connector and port do not join
with reasonable ease, they probably don’t match. Make sure that the
connector matches the port and that you have positioned the connector
correctly in relation to the port.
m Take care not to spill any food or liquid on the computer, keyboard, mouse,
or other components. If you do, turn your computer off immediately and
unplug it before cleaning up the spill. Depending on what you spilled and
how much of it got into your equipment, you may have to bring your
equipment to an Apple-authorized service provider.
m Protect the computer and its components from direct sunlight and rain or
other moisture.
m Keep all ventilation openings clear and unobstructed. Without proper air
circulation, components can overheat, causing damage or unreliable
operation.
WARNING This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your
Macintosh is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that
has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC
outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug into
the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a
properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the purpose of the grounding
plug!
Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 135Handling the monitor
Follow these procedures for handling a monitor:
m Turn down the screen brightness control if you leave the computer turned
on for extended periods. If the brightness is not turned down, the image on
the screen could “burn in” and damage the screen.
You can also use a “screen saver” program, which dims or varies the image
on the screen when the computer has been idle for a specified period of
time. These programs are available from independent suppliers and user
groups.
m Make sure that the ventilation openings on the computer and the monitor
are clear and unobstructed.
m Some large monitors cannot safely be placed on top of the computer.
Check the instructions that came with the monitor for setup information.
m If there is interference on the monitor’s screen or on a television or radio
near your computer, move the affected equipment farther away.
Handling the keyboard
Take care not to spill any liquid on the keyboard. If you do, turn off your
computer immediately.
m If you spill liquid that is thin and clear, unplug the keyboard, turn it upside
down to let the liquid drain out, and let it dry for 24 hours at room
temperature. If, after you take these steps, the keyboard doesn’t work, take
it to an Apple-authorized service provider for repair.
m If you spill liquid that is greasy, sweet, or sticky, unplug the keyboard and
take it to an Apple-authorized service provider for repair.
136 Appendix AHandling floppy disks
Ejecting a disk
For instructions on ejecting a floppy disk, a CD-ROM disc, or a removable
media disk from the Mac OS, see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide,
available in the Guide (h) menu.
For instructions on ejecting disks in the PC environment, see “Ejecting Disks
in the PC Environment” in the section “Switching Between the Macintosh
and PC Environments” in Chapter 5.
125° F (52° C)
50° F (10° C)
Keep disks dry.
Do not use a
pencil or an
eraser on a disk
or disk label.
Store disks at
temperatures
between 50° F
and 125° F.
Do not touch the
exposed part of the
disk behind the
metal shutter.
Keep disks away
from magnets.
Avoid exposing
disks to extremely
hot temperatures.
Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 137If you can’t eject a floppy disk
If you can’t eject a floppy disk in the usual way, try the following in order:
m Hold down the x and Shift keys and press the number 1 key on your
keyboard to eject a disk in the internal disk drive.
m Turn off the computer. If the disk isn’t ejected, then hold down the button
on your mouse or other pointing device while you turn the computer on
again.
m Locate the small hole near the disk drive’s opening, and carefully insert the
end of a large straightened paper clip into it. Push gently until the disk is
ejected. Do not use excessive force.
If nothing works, take the computer or disk drive to your Apple-authorized
service provider to have the disk removed.
Power supply
The power supply in your computer is a high-voltage component and should
not be opened for any reason, even when the computer is off. If the power
supply needs service, contact your Apple-authorized dealer or service
provider.
138 Appendix ACleaning your equipment
Follow these general rules when cleaning the outside of your computer and
its components:
m Use a damp, soft, lint-free cloth to clean the computer’s exterior. Avoid
getting moisture in any openings.
m Don’t use aerosol sprays, solvents, or abrasives.
Cleaning the computer case
To clean the case, do the following:
1 Turn off the computer completely and then disconnect the power plug. (Pull the plug,
not the cord.)
2 Wipe the surfaces lightly with a clean, soft cloth dampened with water.
Cleaning the monitor
To clean the screen, put household glass cleaner on a soft cloth and wipe the
screen. Don’t spray the cleaner directly on the screen, because the liquid
might drip into the monitor or computer.
Cleaning the mouse
The mouse contains a small ball that must roll smoothly for the mouse to
work properly. You can keep this ball free of dirt and grease by using the
mouse on a clean, lint-free surface and cleaning it occasionally.
You need a few cotton swabs and a clean, soft, lint-free cloth.
1 Turn off your computer.
Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 1392 Turn the mouse upside down and turn the plastic ring on the bottom counterclockwise to
disengage it.
If you have an older mouse, you may need to press the plastic ring (rather
than turn it) to disengage it.
If the mouse is locked, see the next section, “Locking and Unlocking the
Mouse,” for instructions on how to unlock it.
3 Turn the mouse right-side up with one hand and catch the ring and the ball with your
other hand.
4 Clean the three small rollers inside the mouse with a cotton swab moistened with water.
Rotate the rollers to clean all around them.
5 Wipe the mouse ball with a clean, soft, dry, and lint-free cloth.
6 If necessary, wash the mouse ball with warm soapy water (use a mild soap such as a
dishwashing liquid) and then dry the mouse ball thoroughly.
7 Gently blow into the mouse case to remove any dust that has collected there.
140 Appendix A8 Put the ball and the ring back in place.
Your mouse should roll smoothly across your mouse pad or desk. If it doesn’t,
repeat these instructions carefully.
Locking and unlocking the mouse
If you have a newer mouse, you can lock it so the ball can’t be removed. A
locking mouse has a small hole on the plastic ring.
To lock the mouse, follow these steps:
1 Insert a straightened paper clip into the hole on the plastic ring.
2 Press down on the paper clip while you turn the ring clockwise.
Turn the ring a very short distance, until it stops. When the recessed area on
the ring is not lined up with the recessed area surrounding the ring, the mouse
is locked.
The mouse ring is locked when the recessed area on the ring
does not line up with the recessed area surrounding the ring.
Recessed area on ring
Recessed area surrounding ring
Insert a straightened paper clip into this hole.
(The hole may be located here on your mouse.)
Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 141To unlock the mouse, follow these steps:
1 Insert a straightened paper clip into the hole on the plastic ring.
2 Press down on the paper clip while you turn the ring counterclockwise.
Turn the ring a very short distance. When the recessed area on the ring is
lined up with the recessed area surrounding the ring, the mouse is unlocked.
The mouse ring is unlocked when the recessed area on the
ring lines up with the recessed area surrounding the ring.
Recessed area on ring
Recessed area surrounding ring
Insert a straightened paper clip into this hole.
(The hole may be located here on your mouse.)
142 Appendix AExpansion cards are printed circuit boards that can be installed in your
computer to give it special capabilities, such as enhanced video capabilities,
networking and communications, and additional processing power.
You can install an expansion card by following the instructions that came
with the card, or by following the instructions in this appendix. However, be
sure to read this appendix for instructions that may be specific to your
computer.
If your computer comes with a Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM)
installed on the DOS-compatibility card, you can remove it or replace it with
a SIMM that has a higher memory capacity.
143
Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card
or Memory for the PC Environment
Read this appendix for instructions
on installing an expansion card
in your computer or memory
for the PC environment. If your computer does not already have a SIMM installed on the
DOS-compatibility card, you can add a SIMM that provides up to 32 MB
(megabytes) of RAM for the exclusive use of your PC. The SIMM that your
card uses is the same type of SIMM that your computer uses. Follow the
instructions in this appendix to install a SIMM.
Cards fit into slots on the computer’s logic board—the board that holds the
components that make your computer work. There are three types of slots on
your computer’s logic board, each labeled on the board:
m a communication slot for an internal modem or an Ethernet card
m a video-in slot for a card that brings signals into the computer from a
videocassette recorder (VCR), laserdisc player, video camera, or similar
equipment
WARNING To avoid damage to your computer, Apple recommends that
only an Apple-certified technician install additional RAM. Consult the
service and support information that came with your Apple product for
instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or
Apple for service. If you attempt to install additional RAM yourself, any
damage you may cause to your equipment will not be covered by the
limited warranty on your computer. See an Apple-authorized dealer or
service provider for additional information about this or any other
warranty question.
144 Appendix Bm an LC-compatible 68030 processor-direct slot (PDS). The
DOS-compatibility card is already installed in this slot; you cannot add
another card to it.
Note: The process you use to install a TV tuner card is different from the one
described in this appendix. See the documentation that came with that card
for instructions.
Installing an expansion card or SIMM involves three steps:
m opening the computer
m inserting the card or SIMM into a particular slot
m closing the computer
WARNING To avoid damaging your computer and expansion card, do
not attempt to install any expansion card without first checking the
documentation for that card. If the documentation specifies that an
Apple-certified technician must install the card (usually because
the installation requires special training or tools), consult the service
and support information that came with your computer for instructions
on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for
assistance. If you attempt to install the card yourself, any damage you
may cause to the computer or card will not be covered by the limited
warranty on your computer. If the card is not an Apple-labeled product,
check with an Apple-authorized dealer or service provider to see if you
can install it yourself.
Video-in slot
Communication slot
Vertical plate
LC-compatible PDS slot
(with DOS-compatibility card installed)
Installing an Expansion Card or Memory for the PC Environment 145Opening the computer
1 Shut down your computer by choosing Shut Down from the Special menu.
You can also press the Power key on the keyboard.
2 Unplug all the cables except the power cord from your computer.
Leaving the power cord plugged in helps protect the computer from damage
caused by electrostatic discharge.
IMPORTANT To avoid generating static electricity that may damage
components, do not walk around the room until you have completed the
installation of the expansion card or SIMM and closed the computer.
Additionally, move the logic board as little as possible while it is outside the
computer case.
3 Place your thumbs on the two tabs at the top of the back panel, and press down.
4 Pulling gently, swing the panel down, and slip it out.
Remove the back panel.
146 Appendix B5 If there are security screws on the vertical plate on the back of the computer, remove
them with a Phillips screwdriver.
6 Unplug the power cord from your computer.
7 Swing the handle out from its storage position. Then grasp the handle and gently but
firmly pull it toward you.
The vertical plate and the logic board to which it’s attached slide all the way
out of the computer.
What you do next depends on the type of equipment you want to install.
If there are security screws, remove both screws from the vertical plate.
Installing an Expansion Card or Memory for the PC Environment 147Installing a communication card
1 If your communication card has ports for connecting equipment, remove the plastic
access cover from the vertical plate.
2 Remove the communication card from its static-proof bag.
Hold the card by its edges to avoid touching any connectors on the card.
3 Locate the slot on the logic board labeled COMMUNICATION SLOT.
Communication slot
Push the two plastic tabs apart and pull off the
metal retainer so the access cover can come off.
Vertical plate
Metal retainer
148 Appendix B4 Align the card over the communication slot.
5 Press down on the card until the connector is solidly in place.
Don’t force the card. If you meet resistance, pull the card out and try again.
To see if the card is properly connected, lift it gently. If it resists and stays in
place, it’s connected.
Installing or replacing a SIMM for the PC environment
Your computer may have come with a SIMM already installed on the
DOS-compatibility card inside your computer. The SIMM provides memory
for the exclusive use of the PC environment. (See the Technical Information
booklet to find out whether your computer has such a SIMM installed.) To
replace the SIMM with a SIMM of greater capacity, or to install a SIMM if
you don’t already have one installed, follow the instructions in this section.
Note: The SIMMs used by the DOS-compatibility card are the same
72-pin SIMMs used to expand memory in your Macintosh. They are
interchangeable.
Communication slot
Vertical plate
Communication
port access hole
Installing an Expansion Card or Memory for the PC Environment 149Removing a SIMM
If your computer has a SIMM already installed on the DOS-compatibility
card, follow these steps to remove it.
1 Push the metal clips at either end of the SIMM away from the SIMM.
Use your fingernails.
2 Rotate the SIMM until it is at a slight angle.
Rotate the SIMM away from its vertical position
to disengage it from the SIMM slot.
To release the SIMM, move the metal clip on each side away from the SIMM.
SIMM slot Vertical plate
150 Appendix B3 Gently pull the SIMM from its slot.
Hold the SIMM only by its edges. Don’t touch the connectors along the
bottom edge.
Handle the SIMM by the sides only, so that you
don’t touch the connectors along the bottom edge.
Pull the SIMM from the SIMM slot.
(It comes out at a slight angle.)
Installing an Expansion Card or Memory for the PC Environment 151Installing a SIMM
1 Remove the SIMM from its static-proof bag.
Handle the SIMM by its edges. Avoid touching the connectors.
2 Insert the SIMM into the SIMM slot on the DOS-compatibility card assembly, as shown
in the illustration. (Your SIMM may have components on one side or on both sides, as
shown.)
The SIMM fits into the slot only one way.
Make sure the notch on the SIMM is on this side.
Insert the SIMM into the SIMM slot.
(Insert the SIMM at a slight angle.)
Connectors
SIMM slot Vertical plate
152 Appendix B3 Rotate the SIMM gently to the back until you feel it snap into place.
The plastic pin on the SIMM slot
should engage the hole in the SIMM.
Be sure that the metal clips snap into place.
Rotate the SIMM back until it snaps into place.
Installing an Expansion Card or Memory for the PC Environment 153Closing the computer
1 Slip the base of the logic board into the guide rails inside the computer case and swing
the handle back into its storage position.
2 Press the reset button on the logic board, and then slide the logic board back into the
computer.
1 Press the reset button located on the main logic board
(the bottom-most layer) with a ball-point pen or similar object.
2 Gently but firmly
push the vertical plate
back into the computer
until the logic board is
solidly in place.
Make sure the logic board slides
into the guides that are on both
sides of the computer’s interior.
Swing the handle up,
into its storage position.
154 Appendix B3 If you removed security screws earlier, reinsert them now.
4 Slip the three hooks at the base of the back panel into the grooves in the computer case.
5 Swing the back panel up and snap it into place.
Snap the plastic back panel into place.
Slip the three hooks on the back panel
into the grooves in the computer case.
Insert security screws here.
Installing an Expansion Card or Memory for the PC Environment 1556 Plug the cables back into the computer.
7 Reconnect the power cord.
Your computer is now ready to turn on and use.
WARNING Never turn on your computer unless all of its internal and
external parts are in place. Operating the computer when it is open or
missing parts can be dangerous, and can damage your computer.
156 Appendix B157
Your computer keyboard contains certain special keys that typewriter
keyboards don’t have. Many of these keys allow you to give commands to
the computer without using the mouse. For example, in many application
programs, pressing the x (Command) key at the same time as the Q key is
often an alternative method of quitting a program.
The following table describes what you can do with the special keys on your
keyboard. The number of special keys on your keyboard may vary from this
list; it depends on the model of keyboard you have.
For information on how keys on Apple keyboards correspond to the keys
on a PC keyboard, see “Keyboard” in the section “Working in the PC
Environment” in Chapter 5.
Special keys on Apple keyboards
Arrow keys Use to move the insertion point, as an alternative to using the
pointer. In some programs, the arrow keys have other functions.
Caps Lock key Use to capitalize a series of letters (numbers and symbols
aren’t affected).
Clear key Use to delete the current selection (or use the Delete key).
In some programs, Clear has other functions.
x (Command) key Use in combination with other keys as an alternative to
choosing a menu command.
continued .
num
lock
clear
caps
lock
Read this appendix to learn
how to use the special
keys on your keyboard.
Appendix C
Special Keys on Your KeyboardSpecial keys on Apple keyboards (continued)
Control key In combination with other keys, this key provides shortcuts or
modifies other actions.
Delete key Use to delete selected material, or the character to the left of the
insertion point.
Enter key In a dialog box, pressing Enter is the same as clicking the
outlined button. In some programs, pressing this key confirms
information you have provided.
Escape key The function of this key depends on the program you’re using.
Function keys Some programs allow you to use the 12 function keys to give
commands. You can assign commands or action sequences to
function keys with special utility programs.
Option key Use in combination with other keys to produce special
characters or modify actions.
Numeric keys Use to produce numbers and mathematical symbols; some
programs use these keys as function keys to initiate actions.
Power key On some models, press to turn on the computer. Also press to
shut down the computer on certain models.
Return key Use to move the insertion point to the beginning of the next line.
In a dialog box, pressing Return is the same as clicking the
outlined button.
Shift key Use to produce capital letters (or the upper character
on the key).
Other special keys The function of these keys depends on the operating system
and program you’re using.
Tab key Use to move the insertion point to the next stopping place
(such as a tab stop or field in a dialog box or program).
tab
help home
end
ins
del
page
up
page
down
shift
return
num
lock
clear = /
*
7
4
0
8
5
2
9
6
3
enter
1
.
option
alt
F1
esc
enter
delete
control
158 Appendix CYou use Macintosh Easy Open software to open a document when you don’t have the
application that created it.
When you choose Open from an application’s File menu with Macintosh Easy
Open installed, you may see more documents than you did before. You’ll also
see additional information when you use a list view of the files in a folder
(including DOS, Windows, and ProDOS documents).
Choosing an application to open a document
Without Macintosh Easy Open, you see this message when you try to open a
document created by an application missing from your computer.
159
Appendix D
Using Macintosh Easy Open
Follow the instructions in this
chapter if you have problems
opening some documents.With Macintosh Easy Open installed, you see a list of programs that can open
the document.
m Double-click any application in the dialog box to open the document.
If you don’t like the results you see when the document opens, quit the
application and try again using a different choice from the list.
If Macintosh Easy Open can’t find any application to open your document,
you see this dialog box:
Note: Macintosh Easy Open lists only the programs that will produce the
best results. To see applications that may produce less than optimum results,
deselect “Show only recommended choices.”
160 Appendix DUsing the Macintosh Easy Open control panel
You use the Macintosh Easy Open control panel to set preferences when
you’ve installed additional translators available from your software retailer.
Such translators give you more choices for opening documents.
On/Off
If you turn off Macintosh Easy Open, it won’t try to find applications to open
your documents. You’ll still see extra information in list views.
Always Show Choices
When you use additional translators purchased from your software retailer,
you can set preferences that determine which application opens a document.
If you turn on Always Show Choices, Macintosh Easy Open presents the full
list of applications and translators to open your documents, even if you have
indicated a preference.
Include Choices from Servers
Turn off this option if you want Macintosh Easy Open to search for programs
only on hard disks directly connected to your Macintosh, ignoring programs
on shared disks. (Using applications over the network is slower than using
them on a hard disk.)
Delete Preferences
Click this button to erase the record of choices you’ve made for specific
translator preferences (useful only if you’ve previously installed translators
purchased from your software retailer). You may want to erase your
preferences when you install new translation software in order to have
Macintosh Easy Open prompt you for new choices.
Using Macintosh Easy Open 161In this chapter
The DOS-compatibility card inside your computer supports network drivers
that conform to Novell's Open Data-Link Interface (ODI). This appendix
contains instructions for installing such network management software. It
covers
m installing NetWare client software
m installing Novell’s LAN Workplace for DOS TCP/IP software
m installing NetManage’s Chameleon TCP/IP software
m installing Windows for Workgroups
m installing Spry’s Air Series TCP/IP software
m installing Mosaic
Installing NetWare client software
The instructions below will guide you through installation of client software
for Novell NetWare versions 3.12, 4.01, and 4.02. PersonalNetWare is not
supported at this time. You must have Windows installed before installing the
NetWare client software. If you need to reinstall Windows, see “Reinstalling
PC Software” in the section “Reinstalling the DOS-Compatibility Software”
in Chapter 8.
163
Appendix E
Installing Network Management SoftwareBefore you start, be sure you have the appropriate floppy disks for the version
of NetWare you wish to install.
In addition, you need to know the Ethernet frame type in use on your
network segment. You must choose the appropriate frame type in Step 11
below. If you are not certain which one to select, ask your network
administrator before you begin the installation.
1 Insert the Novell NetWare Client for DOS WSDOS_1 disk into the disk drive.
2 At the DOS prompt, type the following:
A:
INSTALL
3 The NetWare Client Install screen appears.
Follow the instructions, pressing Return for each selection.
4 Define the directory for NetWare.
The default is C:\NWCLIENT. Press Return once to confirm the entry and
press it again to execute this step.
5 Edit the CONFIG.SYS file.
Change your LASTDRIVE statement so that it reads LASTDRIVE=Z.
6 Add the following line to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file:
CALL C:\NWCLIENT\STARTNET.BAT
Press Y-Return.
7 Decide whether you wish to load the Windows support in the directory where you have
loaded Windows.
Press Y or N. If yes, press Return once to confirm the Windows subdirectory
entry and again to execute this step.
8 Select the driver for the network board. Press Return.
9 A message asks you to insert another disk. Follow the instructions on the screen.
10 In the dialog box, select Power Macintosh 6100 Ethernet Adapter and press Return.
164 Appendix E11 In the dialog box for selecting a frame type, press Return.
12 Use the arrow keys to choose the appropriate frame type for the Novell server you will be
using.
13 Press Return. Then press Esc to continue.
14 Press Return to copy the MACODI.COM driver to the NetWare subdirectory.
15 Following the instructions on the screen, insert the NetWare Client for DOS WSDOS_1
disk again.
16 If you wish to add files and a NetWare group to the Windows directory, insert the
NetWare Client for MS Windows WSWIN_1 disk and follow the instructions on the
screen.
When installation is complete, a dialog box appears asking you to reboot
(restart) the computer.
17 Eject the disk by pressing x-E.
18 Press Control-Alt-Delete.
You now have additional network drives and mappings available. Your first
network drive letter is Novell’s default of F, unless this drive is already in use
on your machine, or if your network is set up to use a different starting drive.
19 To log into the network, type:
F:
LOGIN
PASSWORD:
Installing Network Management Software 165Conserving memory
During NetWare client installation you add the line
CALL C:\NWCLIENT\STARTNET.BAT
to the beginning of the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. This command then loads four
programs into DOS memory—LSL.COM, MACODI.COM, IPXODI.COM,
and VLM.EXE (in this order). To conserve memory in the lower DOS region,
you may wish to edit the STARTNET.BAT file (installed with your NetWare
software) to load those four programs with the LOADHIGH (LH) command.
See your DOS documentation for details on manually optimizing DOS
memory. (Be aware that the Microsoft utility MEMMAKER does not work
with the DOS-compatible Macintosh.)
Mapping drive letters
When you map a network resource as a drive letter, the Macintosh PC Setup
control panel recognizes that those drive letters are unavailable for use as
shared folders. However, when the network no longer uses the drive letter, PC
Setup will still show them as unavailable for sharing folders until you restart
the PC.
In addition, if a drive letter is being shared before you start up the PC and
Novell needs to use that drive letter, then the Novell network drive will take
precedence over that shared drive letter.
For further information, see your Novell installation and administration
manuals, or contact your network adminstrator.
166 Appendix EInstalling Novell’s LAN Workplace for DOS TCP/IP software
IMPORTANT You must not have MacTCP installed when you run DOS TCP/IP
software; the two will conflict with one another.
You can use the IPX and TCP protocols at the same time in either the PC
environment or the Mac OS, or you can use one protocol in the PC
environment and the other protocol in the Mac OS. However, you cannot use
the same protocol in both environments at the same time.
If you want to use the IPX protocol in the PC environment and you have
previously installed MacIPX in the Mac OS, remove MacIPX from the
Control Panels folder or select AppleTalk as your network interface in the
MacIPX control panel.
If you want to use the TCP protocol in the PC environment and you have
previously installed MacTCP in the Mac OS, remove MacTCP from the
Control Panels folder or select an interface other than Ethernet in the
MacTCP control panel.
You must have Windows installed before installing the LAN Workplace
for DOS software. If you need to reinstall Windows, see “Reinstalling PC
Software” in the section “Reinstalling the DOS-Compatibility Software” in
Chapter 8.
In addition, you need to know the following information before you start:
m A legitimate, assigned IP address for the machine on which you’re
installing the TCP/IP software (for example, 222.111.11.1). For connecting to
the Internet, your service provider will tell you the correct address. For
TCP/IP networking within your company, your network administrator can
provide you with an address.
If you have either a BOOTP or an RARP server to dynamically assign IP
addresses, you don’t need to know the IP address before beginning the
installation.
Installing Network Management Software 167m If you are on a network with a subnet mask, you need the IP address for
that mask, for example:
255.0.0.0 for client Class A IP addresses
(those between 0.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254]
255.255.0.0 for client Class B IP addresses
(those between 128.0.0.1 and 191.255.255.254]
255.255.255.0 for client Class C IP addresses
(those between 192.0.0.1 and 223.255.255.254]
m If you will connect to a TCP/IP host through a router, you need to know
the IP address for that router.
m The name of your domain name server (for example, server.edu).
m The IP address of your domain name server.
Once you have this information, you can proceed with the installation by
following Novell’s instructions and answering the on-screen prompts.
168 Appendix EInstalling NetManage’s Chameleon TCP/IP software
IMPORTANT You must not have MacTCP installed when you run DOS TCP/IP
software; the two will conflict with one another.
You can use the IPX and TCP protocols at the same time in either the PC
environment or the Mac OS, or you can use one protocol in the PC
environment and the other protocol in the Mac OS. However, you cannot use
the same protocol in both environments at the same time.
If you want to use the IPX protocol in the PC environment and you have
previously installed MacIPX in the Mac OS, remove MacIPX from the
Control Panels folder or select AppleTalk as your network interface in the
MacIPX control panel.
If you want to use the TCP protocol in the PC environment and you have
previously installed MacTCP in the Mac OS, remove MacTCP from the
Control Panels folder or select an interface other than Ethernet in the
MacTCP control panel.
You must have Windows installed before installing the Chameleon TCP/IP
software. If you need to reinstall Windows, see “Reinstalling PC Software” in
the section “Reinstalling the DOS-Compatibility Software” in Chapter 8.
In addition, you need to know the following information before you start:
m A legitimate, assigned IP address for the machine on which you’re
installing the TCP/IP software (for example, 222.111.11.1). For connecting to
the Internet, your service provider will tell you the correct address. For
TCP/IP networking within your company, your network administrator can
provide you with an address.
m The name of your domain name server (for example, server.edu).
m The IP address of your domain name server (for example, 111.222.0.0).
m The IP address of your Internet gateway, if any.
Once you have this information, you can proceed.
Installing Network Management Software 169To install Chameleon from Windows:
1 In the Program Manager, choose Run from the File menu.
2 Type A:\SETUP.
Follow the on-screen instructions and prompts. Near the end of the
installation, you will be asked to respond to a series of dialog boxes. Respond
as follows:
ADD INTERFACE
Click OK.
INTERNET ADDRESS
Enter the address provided by your network administrator or service provider.
SUBNET MASK
Click OK. The software will supply the correct mask.
HOST NAME
Select a name for your client machine.
DOMAIN NAME
Enter the name for your domain name server.
3 Choose Domain Servers from the Services menu.
4 Enter the IP address of the domain name server.
5 Choose Gateway from the Services menu.
6 Enter the IP address of the Internet gateway, if any.
7 Save the settings by pressing Alt-F-S.
If you will be using a dial-up TCP/IP connection, skip to the next section,
“Restarting Windows.” If not, proceed with step 8.
8 Go to the C:\NWCLIENT directory
9 Copy NET.CFG to NET.OLD. (Save a copy of the existing NET.CFG file.)
170 Appendix E10 Modify the NET.CFG file.
A sample modified file is shown below. Note the addition of the Protocol
statements in the Link Driver section and the addition of the Protocol TCP/IP
section. The frame types and IP addresses used in your environment may be
different from this example.
Link Driver MACODI
Protocol IPX E0 ETHERNET_802.2
Frame ETHERNET_802.2
Frame Ethernet_II
; Frame Ethernet_802.3
; Frame Ethernet_SNAP
Protocol RARP 8035 ethernet_ii
Protocol ARP 806 ethernet_ii
Protocol IP 800 ethernet_ii
PORT 300
INT 10
; node address 12d43
NetWare DOS Requester
FIRST NETWORK DRIVE = F
Protocol TCPIP
ip_router 17.131.1.0
ip_netmask 255.0.0.0
ip_address 17.131.0.14
PATH LANG_CFG C:\NET\LANG
PATH SCRIPT C:\NET\SCRIPT
PATH PROFILE C:\NET\PROFILE
PATH LWP_CFG C:\NET\HSTACC
PATH TCP_CFG C:\NET\TCP
Link Support
Buffers 4 1500
MemPool 4096
Installing Network Management Software 171Restarting Windows
1 Restart the PC.
2 Start Windows.
You see the Chameleon group window.
Testing the installation
If you will be using a direct connection to a domain name server, you can test
the installation by using the Ping application program.
1 Double-click the Custom icon in the Chameleon group to open it.
2 Double-click the Ping icon.
3 Click Start.
4 Enter the name for a domain name server.
You should get a response back within a few seconds.
Using a dial-up service
If you will be using a dial-up service such as Portal, you may need to edit the
configuration file to reflect any differences between the default setup and
your setup. Click the Custom icon in Windows, open the appropriate .CFG
file, and edit the file.
You can test the installation by using Ping. For example, with Portal:
1 Connect using Alt-C.
2 Ping the name news.ip.portal.com.
You should get a response back within a few seconds.
172 Appendix EInstalling Windows for Workgroups
To support networking with your DOS-compatibility hardware, you need to
install software that supports ODI (Open Data-Link Interface) drivers. Follow
these steps:
1 Install Windows for Workgroups 3.1.1, electing to not install the networking software.
2 Follow the instructions in “Installing NetWare Client Software,” earlier in this appendix.
3 Follow the instructions in “Installing NetManage’s Chameleon TCP/IP Software,” earlier
in this appendix.
Installing Spry’s Air Series TCP/IP Software
IMPORTANT You must not have MacTCP installed when you run DOS TCP/IP
software; the two will conflict with one another.
You can use the IPX and TCP protocols at the same time in either the PC
environment or the Mac OS, or you can use one protocol in the PC
environment and the other protocol in the Mac OS. However, you cannot use
the same protocol in both environments at the same time.
If you want to use the IPX protocol in the PC environment and you have
previously installed MacIPX in the Mac OS, remove MacIPX from the
Control Panels folder or select AppleTalk as your network interface in the
MacIPX control panel.
If you want to use the TCP protocol in the PC environment and you have
previously installed MacTCP in the Mac OS, remove MacTCP from the
Control Panels folder or select an interface other than Ethernet in the
MacTCP control panel.
You must have Windows installed before installing Spry’s Air Series TCP/IP
software. If you need to reinstall Windows, see “Reinstalling PC Software” in
the section “Reinstalling the DOS-Compatibility Software” in Chapter 8.
Installing Network Management Software 173If your PC is using a VGA driver, and your Air Series software is version 3.0,
you need to make the following change. (These instructions assume that you
have Windows installed in the C:\WINDOWS directory. If Windows is
elsewhere, type the actual Windows location.)
1 Make sure the Air Series Setup disk is not read-only.
2 Place the disk in drive A.
3 Type the following at the DOS prompt:
A:
COPY SETUP.BMP SETUP.OLD
COPY C:\WINDOWS\RIVETS.BMP A:SETUP.BMP
In addition, you will need to know the following information before you
start:
m Your Internet e-mail address.
m A legitimate, assigned IP address for the machine on which you're
installing the TCP/IP software (for example, 222.111.11.1). For connecting to
the Internet, your service provider will tell you the correct address. For
TCP/IP networking within your company, your network administrator can
provide you with an address.
m If you are on a network with a subnet mask, the IP address for that mask,
for example:
255.0.0.0 for client Class A IP addresses
(those between 0.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254),
255.255.0.0 for client Class B IP addresses
(those between 128.0.0.1 and 191.255.255.254), and
255.255.255.0 for client Class C IP addresses
(those between 192.0.0.1 and 223.255.255.254).
m If you will connect through a gateway, the IP address for that device.
m The name of your domain name server (for example, server.edu).
Once you have this information, you can proceed.
174 Appendix ETo install Air Series from Windows:
1 In the Program Manager, open the File menu and choose Run.
2 Type A:\SETUP.
Follow the instructions you see on the screen.
3 When the installation asks you to select the Ethernet card manufacturer and type,
choose anything.
Note the name of the adapter you select (for example, 3Com is 3C5x9). The
Apple driver is not on the list, so you will need to edit the AUTOEXEC.BAT
file after completing the installation.
4 When the installation asks if you want to update the AUTOEXEC.BAT file, select YES.
5 Once the installation is complete, exit Windows.
6 Edit the AUTOEXEC.BAT file as follows. (You can use any convenient text editor, such as
EDIT in the DOS directory.)
m Comment out the line
CALL C:\NWCLIENT\STARTNET.BAT
m Change the line
C:\AIR\BIN\
to
C:\AIR\BIN\MACODI
m If you are are on a NetWare local area network and using the Novell VLM
redirector, add the line
C:\NWCLIENT\VLM
after the line
C:\AIR\BIN\TCPIP
m If you are using NETx, add the line
C:\NWCLIENT\VLM
before the line
C:\AIR\BIN\TCPIP
Installing Network Management Software 1757 Restart the PC.
8 Log into the network and start Windows.
You should now see the Air Series group window.
Testing the installation
To test the installation:
1 Double-click the Air Telnet icon to open it.
An Open Telnet Session dialog box appears.
2 Double-click the name of your domain name server.
You see a VT100 window with a login prompt.
176 Appendix EInstalling Mosaic
IMPORTANT You must not have MacTCP installed when you run DOS TCP/IP
software; the two will conflict with one another.
You can use the IPX and TCP protocols at the same time in either the PC
environment or the Mac OS, or you can use one protocol in the PC
environment and the other protocol in the Mac OS. However, you cannot use
the same protocol in both environments at the same time.
If you want to use the IPX protocol in the PC environment and you have
previously installed MacIPX in the Mac OS, remove MacIPX from the
Control Panels folder or select AppleTalk as your network interface in the
MacIPX control panel.
If you want to use the TCP protocol in the PC environment and you have
previously installed MacTCP in the Mac OS, remove MacTCP from the
Control Panels folder or select an interface other than Ethernet in the
MacTCP control panel.
You must have Windows installed before installing the Mosaic software. If
you need to reinstall Windows, see “Reinstalling PC Software” in the section
“Reinstalling the DOS-Compatibility Software” in Chapter 8.
In addition, you must have already installed
m A TCP/IP software package.
m Win32s, which allows Windows to run 32-bit applications. Win32s is
freeware and can be found on a number of on-line services.
To install Mosaic:
1 In the Program Manager, choose Run from the File menu.
2 Type C:\WIN32\DISK1\SETUP.
3 Answer all the dialog boxes to complete the installation.
4 After Win32s is installed, a Group window labeled Win32 Applications appears.
5 Press Alt-F-New to create an icon for Mosaic.
6 In the New Program Object dialog box, select Program Item.
Installing Network Management Software 1777 Fill in the Program Item Properties dialog box as follows:
Description: Mosaic
Command Line: C:\MOSAIC\MOSAIC.EXE
Working Directory: C:\MOSAIC
8 Click OK.
A Mosaic icon appears in the Win32 Applications Group window.
9 Copy the C:\MOSAIC\MOSAIC.INI directory to the C:\WINDOWS\ directory.
You are now ready to use Mosaic.
178 Appendix EA
active program, identifying 13, 37
ADB. See Apple Desktop Bus
Alt key (PC), simulating 46
Apple Adjustable keyboard, equivalent
Macintosh and PC keys 46–47
Apple-authorized service provider,
contacting
can’t eject a floppy disk 138
damaged disks 100, 101
DOS-compatibility hardware/software
problems 113
installing additional RAM (SIMMs) or
internal drives 34, 144, 145
installing system extensions or
programs 105
liquid or other spills on computer
equipment 135, 136
radio or television interference vii
repair service 78, 83, 87
replacing the clock battery 81
servicing the CD-ROM drive viii
servicing the power supply 138
Apple Desktop Bus (ADB), port
on computer 6, 7, 30
on keyboard 6, 7, 88
Apple HD SC Setup program
96, 99, 106–107
Apple Keyboard II, equivalent Macintosh
and PC keys 46–47
Apple LaserWriter II NT printer
driver 56
Apple PlainTalk Microphone,
connecting 31
AppleScript program 35
AppleShare Print Server, conflict with
PC Print Spooler 57
AppleTalk 53, 56
Application menu 13, 37–38
application programs
installing (Mac OS) 36, 105
Macintosh Easy Open and 159–161
MacShare (PC environment)
47–48, 67, 125
memory management and 89, 117
Mixer Control 69
performance issues using shared
folders 68
PowerTalk 35, 92, 118
QuickDraw GX 35, 92, 118
Sound Blaster 69
switching (Mac OS) 37–38
troubleshooting 89–91, 115, 117–119
working with several at a time
(Mac OS) 37–38
179
Indexarrow keys 157
arrow pointer. See pointer
audio compact discs, playing 33
Audio In port on external speakers 32
AUTOEXEC.BAT file (DOS)
bypassing at startup 119, 128
changing preset keystrokes for
DOSCLIP 49–51
freeing up RAM 117
installing NetWare client software
164, 166
installing Spry Air Series TCP/IP
software 175
loading files into high memory
(UMB) 66
loading MacShare program 67
modification guidelines 126–127
replacing with an alternate
version 126
using CD-ROM drive letter if no
CD-ROM drive is connected 45
using expanded memory 117, 127
Auto-start PC checkbox, PC Setup
control panel 42
B
background printing
(PC environment) 56
backing up files (Mac OS) 38
Balloon Help 26
basic Macintosh system, illustration 29
battery in computer’s clock, replacing 81
baud rate, for a COM port mapped to a
serial port 63
BIOS. See ROM BIOS; System BIOS
blinking question mark on screen
9, 81–82, 94, 102
“bomb” message on screen 77, 79
brightness control on monitor
10, 80, 136
C
C: or D: pop-up menu, PC Setup control
panel 70–71, 72–73, 75
cables
keyboard 6, 7
monitor 5
mouse 6, 7
safe handling of 135
Caps Lock key 157
carpal tunnel syndrome 130
CD-ROM discs
ejecting while in PC environment
41, 45, 116
playing an audio CD in Windows
while running low-level media
tools 45
starting the computer from 93–94
using DOS or Windows CD-ROM
discs 45
CDROM DOS utility 125
CD-ROM drive
illustration 29
installing 34
PC drive letter for 45
chair, adjusting for computer use
131, 132
cleaning computer equipment 139–141
clean installation of system software
105–109
Clear key 157
Clipboard, exchanging information
between PC environment and
Mac OS 48–53, 115
clock
keeps time inaccurately 81
setting time and date 64
close box 13
closing the computer 154–156
color printing (PC environment) 56
COM1/COM2 serial ports 63
x-Control-Alt-[keypad] period keys,
to restart the computer (PC
environment) 44, 47, 118, 119
180 Indexx-Control-Power key, to restart the
computer (Mac OS) 79
x-E, to eject a disk in PC environment
41, 44
x key 157
x-Option-Esc, to quit an application
program (Mac OS) 79, 85, 87
x-Option, restarting the computer to
rebuild the desktop 80, 84, 90
x-Return, to switch back to Mac OS
40, 41, 116
x-Y, to eject a CD-ROM disc in PC
environment 41, 45
communication card
access cover 30, 148
installing 143–149, 154–156
communication slot on logic board
144, 145, 148, 149
COM port, mapped to Macintosh serial
port 55, 63
compression programs, PC Exchange
and 71
computer equipment
arranging and adjusting for optimal
use 130, 131–132
cleaning 139–141
closing the computer 154–156
components of a basic Macintosh
system 29
guidelines for handling 135–138
opening the computer 146–147
safety precautions 134, 156
CONFIG.SYS file (DOS)
bypassing at startup 119, 128
changing if RAM size is set to 2MB
123, 126
freeing up RAM 117
increasing high memory (UMB) 66
installing NetWare client
software 164
modification guidelines 126–127
replacing with an alternate
version 126
sharing Mac OS folders and volumes
as PC drives 47–48, 67
turning memory testing off 66
using CD-ROM drive letter if no
CD-ROM drive is connected 45
using expanded memory 43, 117, 127
using memory-management
utilities 43
configuring the PC environment 61–76.
See also PC environment
connecting
additional equipment 29–33
Apple PlainTalk Microphone 31
external stereo speakers 32–33
game controller or joystick 33
keyboard and mouse 6–7
monitor 3–5
containers. See drive containers
Control-Alt-[keypad] period, to restart
DOS 118, 119, 126, 128
Control key 158
control panels
Extensions Manager 85, 86
Macintosh Easy Open 90, 117, 161
MacIPX 53
MacTCP 54
Memory 65, 89, 116, 117
Mouse (Windows) 46
PC Exchange 70, 91, 116
PC Setup 40–42, 61–76, 92, 114–115,
118, 121–123
Sound 69
Control Panels folder 53, 54, 116
conventional memory 66, 117.
See also memory
cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) 130
customer service. See Apple-authorized
service provider; customer
support hotline
customer support hotline 15
custom installation of system software
(Mac OS) 109–111
Custom Install dialog box 110
Index 181D
damaged disks, repairing 82, 84, 97–101
dampness, protecting the computer from
134, 135
data transfer rate for COM port mapped
to Macintosh serial port 55, 63
date and time, setting
(PC environment) 64
DB-9/DB-25 connectors (PC
environment), signals present
on 59
Delete key 158
desk accessories, working with several at
a time 37
desktop, rebuilding 80, 84
dialog boxes
Custom Install 110
dialog box with a bomb appears on
screen 86
Easy Install 104, 107, 108
Disk First Aid program
100–101, 103, 106
disks. See CD-ROM discs; floppy disks;
hard disks
Disk Tools disk (or CD-ROM disc
containing system software)
initializing hard disks 94–96
installing system software 103
starting up from, for problem
diagnosis 82–84, 87
testing/repairing hard disks 98–100
Display Drivers Disk 1 disk 128
Display pop-up menu, PC Setup control
panel 64
documents. See files
DOS “Clipboard” (DOSCLIP)
48–53, 125
DOS commands that do not work on
shared volumes 67
DOS-compatibility card. See also PC
environment
installing a SIMM 143–147, 149–156
LC-compatible PDS slot 145
network management software support
53–54, 163–178
SIMM installed for exclusive use of
PC environment 65, 76, 116,
122, 149
system software doesn’t recognize 76
DOS Compatibility Installer Disk (for
Mac OS Environment) 117, 120
DOS Compatibility Installer Disk (for PC
Environment) 125
DOS-compatibility software. See also
AUTOEXEC.BAT file;
CONFIG.SYS file; PC
environment; PC Setup control
panel; Windows
networking protocol support
53–54, 163–178
reinstalling 119–128
troubleshooting 114, 115
DOS disks
using in Mac OS 85
using in PC environment 44
drive containers
accessing PC files in 71
choosing a location for 121–122
choosing or changing size of
72–74, 121–122
creating 70–71, 74, 121–122
naming 122
partitioning 70–71, 116, 122
throwing away 75
transferring files from an old to a new
container 74–75
troubleshooting 114–115
DriveSpace DOS utility, compatibility
issues with 127
182 IndexE
Easy Install dialog box 104, 107, 108
ejecting disks
can’t eject a disk 138
while in Mac OS 137
while in PC environment 41, 44, 45,
116, 137
electromagnetic emissions, health effects
of exposure to 133
EMM386 memory management DOS
utility 43, 117
Empty Trash command (Special menu)
13, 75
Enter key 158
Epson emulation, PC environment print
output and 55–56, 57
error messages 77–79. See also messages
Escape key 158
expansion card
installing 3, 143–147, 149–156
Extensions folder
PC Clipboard extension 52, 53
PC Print Spooler 57, 118
removing/replacing system extensions
85, 86
Extensions Manager control panel 85, 86
eye fatigue associated with computer use
129, 131, 133
F
fading the screen before switching
environments 42
fatigue from computer use, avoiding
131, 133
FDISK DOS utility 116
files
accessing PC files in a drive
container 71
backing up (Mac OS) 38
opening with Macintosh Easy Open
159–161
transferring between Mac OS and PC
environment 67–68
transferring from an old to a new
container 75
troubleshooting 68, 90–91
Finder, making active 18
floating-point unit (FPU) 89
floppy disk drive
illustration 29
installing 34
floppy disks
backing up files on (Mac OS) 38
Disk First Aid program and 100–101
DOS 720K format, problems with 44
ejecting 41, 44, 116, 137–138
formatting for use in both Mac OS and
DOS 85
guidelines for handling 137
inserting 36
locked/unlocked (PC environment) 44
repairing 84, 100–101
restarting the PC environment
from 44
starting the computer from 82, 94
unreadable 84–85
using a DOS disk in Mac OS 85, 116
using a Mac OS disk in PC
environment 44
folders
AppleScript 35
Control Panels 53, 54, 116
Extensions 52, 53, 57, 85, 86, 118
performance issues with shared
folders 68
Previous System Folder 109
sharing with PC environment 47–48,
67–68, 125
Spooler Rejected 57
System Folder 36, 102, 109
Function keys 158
furniture for computer use, arranging
130, 131–132
Index 183G
game applications, SIMMs and 54
game controller, connecting 33, 81
graphics
DOSCLIP and 52
printing in PC environment 56
grounding plug 2, 135
Guide menu. See also Macintosh Guide
defined 13, 15, 17
Macintosh Guide command 18
running the Macintosh Tutorial from
12–13
Shortcuts command 27–28
Show/Hide Balloons commands
26, 62
H
hard disks
backing up files on 38
checking for damage 98, 103, 106
Disk First Aid program and
100–101, 103, 106
icon 9, 13, 83
initializing/reinitializing 93–97
installing 34
repairing a damaged disk
82, 84, 97–101
testing an external SCSI hard disk
99–100
using a PC-formatted SCSI drive as a
startup drive 70
headphone jack, illustration 29
health-related information about
computer use 129–133
help. See Apple-authorized service
provider; Balloon Help;
customer support hotline;
Macintosh Guide
Hewlett-Packard page control language
(PCL) 55, 58
Hide Balloons command
(Guide menu) 26
Hide Others command (Application
menu) 38
hiding/showing windows on the
desktop 38
high memory (UMB), increasing (PC
environment) 66
HIMEM.SYS driver (DOS) 119
hot key, to switch between Mac OS and
PC environment 41
hotline. See customer support hotline
“Huh?” button in Macintosh Guide
window 25
I
icons
ADB 6, 7
Apple HD SC Setup 96, 99, 106
blinking question mark 9, 81, 102
defined 13
Disk First Aid 100, 103, 106
disk with an “X” 82
hard disk 9, 13, 83
“sad Macintosh” 83
Trash 13
Index button in Macintosh Guide window
19, 21–22
initializing
an external SCSI hard disk 96–97
an internal hard disk 93–95
Install Disk 1 disk 94, 104, 107, 109
Installer program 104–105, 107–111
installing. See also reinstalling
application programs (Mac OS) 36
communication cards 143–149,
154–156
internal drives 34
network management software
163–178
PC software utilities 125
Single Inline Memory Modules
(SIMMs) 143–147, 149–156
system software 102–111
Windows for Workgroups 173
184 Indexinterference with radio and television
reception vii, 136
internal drives, installing 34
Internal HD Format program 95, 98
IPX networking protocol, compatibility
issues 53–54, 167, 169,
173, 177
J
joystick, connecting 33
joystick port 30, 33, 81
K
keyboard. See also keys
connecting 6–7
correct posture for using 131–132
damaged or connection problems
with 88
guidelines for handling 136
support for various Apple keyboards
(in PC environment) 46–47
keyboard cable 6, 7
keyboard shortcuts 27–28
keyboard tray 132
keys. See also keyboard
equivalent Macintosh and PC keys
46–47
special keys on Apple keyboards
157–158
key scan code table for DOSCLIP
keystrokes 49–51
L
LaserJet III printer driver (PC
environment) 56
LC-compatible PDS slot on logic
board 145
liquid spills on computer equipment
134, 135, 136
locking the mouse 141
logic board 144–145, 147, 154
Look For button in Macintosh Guide
window 19, 23–24
LPT1.DOS/LPT1 port for printing in PC
environment 55, 56
M
Macintosh Easy Open program
control panel 90, 117, 161
translators 52, 161
using 159–161
Macintosh environment (Mac OS)
backing up files 38
Clipboard tips 52–53
initializing a hard disk 93–97
installing and working with
application programs 36–38
installing system software
102–111, 119–123
Mac OS software installed in System
Folder 120
network protocol compatibility with
PC environment 53–54
PC Print Spooler settings
56, 57–58, 118
problems and solutions 77–92
repairing a damaged disk 97–101
switching to and from 40–42,
117, 118
Macintosh Guide. See also Guide menu
closing 24, 25
“Huh?” button 25
moving or shrinking the window 25
opening the Macintosh Guide
window 18
returning to the Macintosh Guide
window 20, 22, 25
tips for using 25
using the Index button 19, 21–22
using the Look For button 19, 23–24
using the Topics button 19–20
Index 185Macintosh peripherals, using in PC
environment 55–58
Macintosh Shortcuts window 27–28
Macintosh system, illustration 29
Macintosh Tutorial 12–13
MacIPX, Control Panels folder 53
MACODI DOS utility 125
Mac OS. See Macintosh environment
MacShare program 47–48, 67, 125
MacTCP, compatibility issues with DOS
TCP/IP software 54, 167, 169,
173, 177
MEMMAKER DOS utility, compatibility
issues with 127, 166
memory. See also Single Inline Memory
Modules (SIMMs)
assigning to PC environment
65, 122–123
changing the RAM setting, PC control
panel 62
conserving when using NetWare client
software 166
conventional memory
increasing for DOS or Windows
programs 66
versus extended memory 117
expanding 34, 143–147, 149–156
not enough memory 76, 89, 92,
116–118
shared memory
pre-installed SIMMs and 65, 76,
116, 122–123
setting 65, 122–123
troubleshooting 92, 114
virtual memory 89
Memory control panel 65, 89, 116, 117
memory-management DOS utilities
43, 117
menu bar 13
messages, on PC Setup control panel
status line 76. See also
error messages
microphone, connecting 31
Microsoft MS-DOS Setup disk (or
CD-ROM disc containing
DOS/Windows software) 123
MIDI application programs, SIMMs
and 54
Mini DIN-8 connector (Mac OS), signals
present on 59
Mixer Control program 69
MODE command (DOS) 63
modem port 30
moisture, protecting the computer from
134, 135
monitor. See also screen
brightness control 10, 80, 136
cleaning the screen 133, 139
connecting 3–5
guidelines for handling 136
positioning for optimal use 3, 132
setting for PC environment 64
synchronization to DOS video signal
114, 119
troubleshooting 80–81, 114, 118, 119
turning on 8
monitor cable, connecting 5
monitor port 5, 30
monitor power cord, connecting 3, 4
Mosaic network software, installing
177–178
mouse. See also pointing device
cleaning 139–141
connecting 6–7
connection problems 87
how to use 12
locking/unlocking 141–142
mouse button 12
mouse cable 6, 7
Mouse control panel (Windows) 46
mouse drivers, DOS and Windows
46, 124
mouse shortcuts 27–28
MPEG players (DOS-based), video
output requirements 54
MS-DOS and Windows, reinstalling
123–124
multimedia application programs,
SIMMs and 54
musculoskeletal discomfort associated
with computer use 129, 130
186 IndexN
NetManage Chameleon TCP/IP software,
installing 169–172
NetWare client software, installing
163–166
network management software and
protocols 53–54, 163–178
networks, backing up files on
(Mac OS) 38
Novell LAN Workplace for DOS TCP/IP
software, installing 167–168
Novell NetWare Client for DOS
WSDOS 1 disk 164, 165
Novell NetWare Client for MS Windows
WSWIN 1 disk 165
Novell network, PCL printing of text and
graphics (PC environment) 56
Novell Open Data-Link Interface (ODI)
DOS compatibility with 53, 163
Windows for Workgroups and 173
numeric keys 158
O
ODI. See Novell Open Data-Link
Interface
online help. See Balloon Help;
Macintosh Guide
opening the computer 146–147
Option key 46, 158
P
page size, setting 58, 118
partitions for drive containers 70–71,
116, 122
PC Clipboard Extension (Mac OS)
52, 53
PC environment. See also
AUTOEXEC.BAT file;
CONFIG.SYS file; PC Setup
control panel; Windows
answers to common problems
113–119
configuring drives C and D 70–71
configuring the PC serial ports 63
conventional memory 66, 117
creating and using PC drive containers
70–75, 114–115, 121–122
DOSCLIP 48–53, 125
DOS commands that do not work on
shared volumes 67
ejecting disks 41, 44, 45, 116,
137–138
exchanging Clipboard information
with Mac OS 48–53, 125
expanding memory 34, 143–147,
149–156
installing PC utilities 125
memory-management utilities 43, 117
network management software and
protocols 53–54, 163–178
not enough memory 76, 116–118
PC Print Spooler settings and 56,
57–58, 118
PC software installed during
installation 124
playing sounds 69
reinstalling DOS-compatibility
software 119–128
RS-232 signal support 59
setting the monitor for 64
setting the time and date 64
setting up 42–43
shared memory 65, 122–123
SIMMs and 65, 76, 116, 122–123
starting automatically 42
switching back and forth from Mac
OS 40–42, 117, 118
using a PC-formatted SCSI drive as a
startup drive 70
using CD-ROM discs 45
using floppy disks 44
using Macintosh-compatible printers
and peripherals 55–57
using Mac OS folders and volumes as
PC drives 47–48, 67–68, 125
using PC peripherals 59
Index 187PC Exchange control panel 70, 91, 116
PCL (Hewlett-Packard page control
language) 55, 58
PC peripherals, using 59
PC Print Spooler, setting preferences in
56, 57–58, 118
PC Setup control panel
changing RAM setting 62
choosing settings 61–62
configuring the PC serial ports 63
creating and using drive containers
70–71, 72–74, 114–115,
121–122
mapping drive letters when using
NetWare client software 166
memory management, troubleshooting
117, 118
setting shared memory 65, 92, 123
setting the monitor for PC
environment 64
sharing folders or volumes 67
status line messages 76
switching between Mac OS and PC
environment 40–42
turning on PC sounds 69
plugging in
the computer 1–2
the monitor 4
pointer
doesn’t move when you move the
mouse 87
“freezes” on the screen 85–86
learning how to move 12
pointing device. See also mouse
simulating a PC pointing device 46
ports
ADB 6, 7, 30, 88
Audio In, on external speakers 32
COM 55, 63
illustration 30
joining connectors to, safety
instructions 135
joystick 30, 33, 81
LPT1.DOS/LPT1 55, 56
monitor 5, 30
sound input/output 30, 31, 32
PostScript-compatible print output
(PC environment) 55, 56, 57
PostScript printer drivers
(PC environment) 56, 57
power button. See standby power button
power cord
computer 2
monitor 3–4
Power key 8, 14, 158
power-on light 10, 29
power socket 30
power supply, servicing 138
PowerTalk program 35, 92, 118
precautions. See safety instructions
Previous System Folder 109
printer port 30
printing
page size and 58, 118
using Macintosh-compatible printers
in PC environment 55–58
programs. See application programs
Q
QEMM memory management DOS
utility 43
QuickDraw GX program 35, 92, 118
QuickDraw printers, Epson emulation
and 55–56
R
radio reception, interference with
vii, 136
RAM. See memory; Single Inline
Memory Modules (SIMMs)
RAM disk 65, 116, 117. See also
memory
188 IndexRAM pop-up menu, PC Setup control
panel 65, 122, 123
rebuilding the desktop 80, 84
reinitializing the internal hard disk 95
reinstalling. See also installing
DOS-compatibility software 119–128
MS-DOS and Windows 123–124
Sound Blaster software 128
system software 102–111
video drivers 128
remote control sensor, illustration 29
repairing disks 82, 84, 97–101
repetitive stress injuries (RSIs) 130
resource forks 68
Restart command (Special menu) 79
restarting the computer
Mac OS 79
PC environment 44, 47, 119
Return key 158
ROM BIOS, DOS memory management
and 43, 126
RS-232 signal support in PC
environment 59
S
safety instructions
for CD-ROM drive viii
general precautions 134
turning on the computer 156
screen. See also monitor
appears dark 10, 80–81
cleaning 133, 139
fading before switching
environments 42
minimizing glare and reflections
132, 133
screen saver programs 80, 136
scroll arrows, defined 13
SCSI equipment, computer doesn’t
recognize 81
SCSI external hard disk
initializing 96–97
preparing for reinstallation of system
software 106–107
testing 99–100
using a PC-formatted SCSI drive as a
startup drive 70
SCSI ID numbers 96, 98, 99
security lock port 30
serial ports 55, 56, 63
shared drives, using Mac OS folders or
volumes as PC drives 47–48,
67–68
shared folders/volumes
MacShare and 47–48, 67, 125
strange text characters in shared
documents 68
using 67–68
shared memory. See also memory
pre-installed SIMMs and 65, 76, 116,
122–123
setting 65, 122–123
troubleshooting 92, 114
shared volumes, DOS commands that do
not work on 67
Sharing pop-up menu, PC Setup control
panel 67
Shift key 158
Shortcuts command, Guide menu 27–28
Show All command
(Application menu) 38
Show Balloons command (Guide menu)
26, 62
showing/hiding windows on the
desktop 38
Shut Down command (Special menu) 14
Shut Down PC button, PC Setup
control panel 41
SIMMs. See Single Inline
Memory Modules
SIMM slot 150–153
Index 189Single Inline Memory Modules
(SIMMs). See also memory
installed for exclusive use of the
PC environment 65, 76, 116,
122, 149
installing 34, 143–147, 149–156
performance improvements and
54, 122–123
sharing memory and 65, 122
size box, defined 13
Sound Blaster (PC environment)
playing sounds 69
reinstalling software 128
Sound Blaster Software Installation
disk 128
Sound control panel 69
sound input/output ports 30, 31, 32
Sound pop-up menu, PC Setup control
panel 69
sounds, turning on (PC environment) 69
speakers, connecting 32–33
Special menu
Empty Trash command 13, 75
Restart command 79
Shut Down command 14
spills on computer equipment, safety
instructions 134, 135, 136
Spooler Rejected folder 57
Spry Air Series TCP/IP software,
installing 173–176
standby power button 2, 14, 30, 79
starting the computer. See also turning on
the computer
from a CD-ROM disc 93–94
from a floppy disk 82, 94
troubleshooting 80–84, 114, 119
Start/Restart PC button, PC Setup control
panel 41
startup disk 84, 87, 102
static electricity, avoiding
generating 146
status line on PC Setup control panel 76
stereo miniplug 32
stereo speakers, connecting 32–33
switching application programs
(Mac OS) 37–38
switching environments 40–42, 114,
115–116, 118
Switch to PC button, PC Setup control
panel 41
System BIOS, preventing corruption
of 66
system extensions
installing 105
Mac OS is unable to load 118
removing/replacing 85, 86
turning off 84, 85, 86
System Folder 36, 102, 109
system software (Mac OS)
blinking question mark and
9, 81–82, 102
installing or reinstalling 102–111
T
Tab key 158
TCP networking protocol, compatibility
issues 53–54, 167, 169,
173, 177
television reception, interference with
vii, 136
temperature ranges, for storing floppy
disks 137
time and date, setting in PC
environment 64
title bar, defined 13
Topics button in Macintosh Guide
window 19–20
transferring files
from an old to a new drive container
74–75
between Mac OS and PC environment
67–68
translating documents into different file
formats 68
190 IndexTrash
emptying 13, 75
icon 13
troubleshooting in Mac OS. See also
troubleshooting in PC
environment
answers to common problems 80–92
application program problems 36,
89–91
blinking question mark on screen 9,
81–82, 94, 102
“bomb” message on screen 77, 79
clock keeps time inaccurately 81
computer doesn’t recognize SCSI
equipment 81
computer “hangs” or freezes during
startup 83
dialog box with a bomb appears on
screen 86
ejecting a floppy disk 138
error messages 77–79
icons do not appear correctly on
screen 84
initializing/reinitializing a hard disk
93–97
installing/reinstalling system software
102–111
keyboard problems 88
messages on PC Setup control panel
status line 76
monitor problems 10, 80–81
mouse connection problems 87
not enough memory 89, 92
opening files 90–91
performance issues with shared
folders 68
pointer doesn’t move 85–86, 87
rebuilding the desktop 80, 84
repairing a damaged disk 97–101
restarting the computer 79
“sad Macintosh” icon appears 83
screen is dark 10, 80–81
starting the computer 10, 80–84
strange text characters when using
shared folders 68
system software installation
problems 82
turning the computer on 10
typing produces nothing on screen 88
unreadable floppy disks 84–85
using a DOS document in Mac OS 91
troubleshooting in PC environment. See
also troubleshooting in Mac OS
answers to common problems
114–119
application program problems 115,
117–119
bypassing CONFIG.SYS and
AUTOEXEC.BAT at
startup 119
computer “hangs” or freezes during
startup 114, 119
Disklight of Norton Utilities, shared
memory issues 114
DOS-compatibility software problems
114, 115
ejecting a floppy disk or CD-ROM
disc 116, 138
Macintosh Easy Open software not
installed or turned off 117
memory-management issues 114,
116–118
monitor synchronization
problems 114
not enough memory 116–117,
117–118
PC crashes when Harvard Graphics is
quit 66
PC environment is frozen 114, 118
PC Setup memory issues 117
performance issues with shared
folders 68
printing, top and bottom of page get
clipped 118
running out of UMB (high memory)
space 66
Index 191shared memory problems 114
Sound Blaster support 69
strange text characters when using
shared folders 68
switching environments 114,
115–116, 117, 118
using a PC-format disk in Mac
OS 116
turning off
the computer 14, 134, 135
PC environment 41
sounds 69
system extensions 84, 85, 86
turning on. See also starting the computer
the computer 8, 10, 156
PC environment 41, 42
sounds 69
tutorial, starting the Macintosh Tutorial
12–13
TV tuner card, installing 145
TV tuner card port 30
typing produces nothing on screen,
troubleshooting 88
U
UMB (high memory), increasing (PC
environment) 66
unlocking the mouse 142
V
ventilation for computer equipment
135, 136
vertical plate 145, 147–150, 152, 154
VGA modes displayed on Macintosh
monitors 54
video drivers 64, 128
video input card port 30
video-in slot on logic board 144, 145
Video Monitor program 35
video signal (DOS), monitor
specifications and 114, 119
virtual memory 89. See also memory
volume buttons on computer 29, 33
volumes (Mac OS), sharing with PC
environment 47–48, 67–68
W, X, Y, Z
warranty on computer, limitations of
34, 113, 144, 145
WINCLIP Windows utility 125
Windows. See also PC environment
Mosaic network software and
177–178
Novell LAN Workplace for DOS
TCP/IP software and 167
performance based on memory 123
printing on Macintosh-compatible
printers 55–57
reinstalling 123–124
Spry Air Series TCP/IP software and
173, 174–176
Windows Clipboard, exchanging
information with Mac OS
48, 52–53
Windows control panel, selecting printer
drivers 56
Windows for Workgroups, installing 173
windows on the desktop 13, 38
Windows PostScript driver 56
Windows Series Installation Instruction
Diskette 1 of 6 124
work space, arranging 130, 131–132
192 Index
Apple
QuickTake 100
User’s Guide for MacintoshK Apple Computer, Inc.
© 1994 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the
written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying
software license agreement.
The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other
countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without
the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair
competition in violation of federal and state laws.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is
not responsible for printing or clerical errors.
Apple Computer, Inc.
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014-6299
(408) 996-1010
© Image Software 1992, 1993, 1994.
Portions Copyright Eastman Kodak Company.
Apple, the Apple logo, AppleTalk, EtherTalk, LocalTalk, Macintosh, and PowerBook are
trademarks of Apple Computer Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Apple
SuperDrive, GeoPort, QuickTake, and QuickTime are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
Adobe, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems
Incorporated, which may be registered in certain jurisdictions.
Classic is a registered trademark licensed to Apple Computer, Inc.
ExposurePro is a registered trademark of Baseline Publishing, Inc.
Helvetica and Times are registered trademarks of Linotype Company.
QMS is a registered trademark of QMS, Inc.
QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark, Inc.
SuperPaint is a registered trademark of Aldus Corporation.
Tektronix is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc.
Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada.
Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an
endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the
performance or use of these products.iii
Communications regulation information vi
1 Getting Started With the QuickTake 100 Camera 1
Do you have what you need? 2
System requirements 2
Your camera at a glance 3
Charging the batteries 4
Installing the batteries 5
Installing the QuickTake software 6
Custom installation 7
What if you upgrade your Macintosh system software? 8
What next? 8
2 Using the Camera to Take Pictures 9
Turning on the camera 10
Taking pictures 11
Focal range and flash range 11
ContentsUsing the controls 12
Flash settings 12
Resolution settings 13
Pictures taken and pictures available 14
Battery level 14
Timer 15
Waking the camera 16
3 Using the Camera With Your Macintosh 17
Connecting the camera to your Macintosh 18
Looking at the pictures in the camera 20
Transferring pictures to your Macintosh 21
Opening pictures on the Macintosh 22
Opening a picture in the image window 22
Opening a slide table 23
Working with your pictures 24
Editing slide names 25
Getting information about a slide 25
Opening a slide to a full-size image 26
Zoom views in the image window 27
Changing the printed size of a picture 27
Cropping a picture 28
Changing the bit depth of a picture 29
Copying a picture to another application 29
Rotating a picture 30
Saving a picture 31
Printing your pictures 33
Printing a slide table 33
Printing a single image 34
iv ContentsNaming the camera 35
Setting the clock in the camera 36
Taking pictures from the Macintosh 37
Erasing pictures from the camera 38
Using the camera with a power adapter 39
Traveling with the camera 40
Using the battery booster pack with the camera 40
4 QuickTake Software Menu Commands 41
The File menu 42
The Edit menu 46
The Image menu 47
The Camera menu 49
The Windows menu 50
5 Maintenance and Troubleshooting 51
Caring for your camera 51
Solving problems 52
Appendix A Specifications 55
Appendix B Battery Information 57
Appendix C Using the Camera with a Windows-Based PC 61
Appendix D Using QuickTake Setup 63
Index 65
Contents vCommunications regulation information
Radio and television interference
The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency
energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s
instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device
in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed
to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However,
there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by turning it off. If
the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices.
If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television reception, try to correct
the interference by using one or more of the following measures:
m Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops.
m Move the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio.
m Move the computer farther away from the television or radio.
m Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio.
(That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by
different circuit breakers or fuses.)
If necessary, consult an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple. See the service and support
information that came with your Apple product. Or, consult an experienced radio/television
technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet helpful: Interference
Handbook (stock number 004-000-00493-1). This booklet, prepared by the Federal
Communications Commission, is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402.
IMPORTANT Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by Apple Computer, Inc.,
could void the FCC Certification and negate your authority to operate the product.
This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of Apple
peripheral devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is
important that you use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and connectors between
system components to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets,
and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple peripheral devices and the proper shielded
cables and connectors through an Apple-authorized dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices,
contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance.
vi Communications Regulation InformationFCC statement
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device
in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to
radio or television reception is suspected.
DOC statement
DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio
noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard
entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Observation des normes—Classe B Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits
radioélectriques applicables aux appareils numériques de Classe B prescrites dans la norme
sur le matériel brouilleur : “Appareils Numériques”, NMB-003 édictée par le ministre des
Communications.
VCCI statement
Communications Regulation Information viiThe QuickTake 100 is an easy-to-use camera that produces high-quality
pictures you can quickly transfer to your Macintosh computer. With the
QuickTake 100 you can capture images, and with your Macintosh you can
manipulate and modify those images to suit your purposes. The QuickTake
100 is a valuable new tool for graphic artists, publishing professionals, and
anyone who wants to use images to communicate.
IMPORTANT Save this manual. It contains important safety and operating
instructions.
In this chapter
m An inventory of items you need
m System requirements
m Features of the camera
m How to charge NiCad batteries
m Installing batteries in the camera
m Installing the QuickTake software
1
1
Getting Started
With the QuickTake 100 CameraDo you have what you need?
Before you begin, unpack the QuickTake 100 package. Be sure you have the
items shown in this illustration:
System requirements
To use the QuickTake 100 camera with your computer, you need
m a Macintosh with a 68020 or higher central processing unit (any Macintosh
except a Macintosh Plus, SE, Classic, Portable, or PowerBook 100)
m system software version 7.0.1• (with Tune-Up 1.1.1) or a later version
m 4 MB of RAM with 8 MB of virtual memory or 8MB of RAM
m an Apple SuperDrive (or any floppy drive that can read high-density disks)
m a hard drive with at least 10 MB available
QuickTake 100 camera Battery charger
Rechargeable NiCad
batteries
Serial cable QuickTake software
Neck strap
2 Chapter 1Your camera at a glance
This illustration shows the front, rear, and bottom of the camera.
Shutter release
Serial port and
power adapter port
(behind the cover)
Sliding lens cover
(opened)
Camera lens
Viewfinder lens (with light sensors
above and below, for the light meter) Built-in flash
Viewfinder Battery compartment
Control buttons
Control panel display
Timer light
Adjustable neck strap
Tripod mounting hole Neck strap
attachment points
Front view
Rear view
Bottom view
Getting Started With the QuickTake 100 Camera 3Charging the batteries
The three NiCad batteries you received with the QuickTake 100 must be
charged before you can use them. Use the battery charger that came with the
camera.
1 Insert the batteries into the charger.
2 Plug the battery charger into an electrical outlet.
It takes five hours to fully charge three NiCad batteries. (Be sure to fully
charge the batteries the first time you use them.) If you want to take pictures
right away, you can use three AA non-rechargeable batteries (not included) in
the camera. For information about battery care, see Appendix B.
3 Unplug the battery charger, remove the batteries, and install them in the camera.
See instructions for installing batteries on the next page.
WARNING To reduce the risk of injury, charge only rechargeable nickelcadmium batteries in the battery charger that came with the QuickTake
100 camera. Charging other types of batteries may cause them to leak or
explode, resulting in personal injury and property damage.
Make sure you position the + and –
ends of each battery as indicated on
the battery charger.
When batteries are charging, this
red light glows.
4 Chapter 1Installing the batteries
Use the three NiCad batteries that came with your camera. If the NiCad
batteries are being charged, you can substitute three AA non-rechargeable
batteries in the camera.
1 Flip open the door to the battery compartment.
2 Insert the batteries into the camera.
3 Close the battery compartment door.
See also: Appendix B, “Battery Information.”
Position the – and + ends of each
battery as indicated on the door.
Arrange the ribbon under the batteries so you can use
it to pull them out when you need to replace them.
WARNING Do not mix different types of batteries in the camera. Use
only three NiCad batteries or three AA non-rechargeable batteries.
Mixing batteries may cause a fire or a small explosion.
Getting Started With the QuickTake 100 Camera 5Installing the QuickTake software
Before you can transfer images from your camera to your Macintosh
computer, you need to install the necessary software on your Macintosh.
You’ll need the QuickTake disks that came with your camera. The disks
contain
m the Installer, a program that installs everything you need
m QuickTake 1.0, a program that transfers pictures from the camera to your
Macintosh
m other files needed by the QuickTake 100 camera
IMPORTANT If you have system software version 7.0.1• on your Macintosh, you
must turn on AppleTalk before you install QuickTake software. Open the
Chooser and make sure that AppleTalk is active.
1 Insert the appropriate installation disk into a floppy disk drive.
The choice depends on whether you have a Power Macintosh or not.
m If you have a Power Macintosh, insert QuickTake for Power Macintosh.
m Otherwise, insert QuickTake Install Disk 1.
If necessary, open the disk icon.
2 Double-click the Installer icon to open it.
3 In the Welcome dialog box that appears, click OK.
6 Chapter 1
Use the Installer to install
the QuickTake software.
For important late-breaking
information, open the Read Me.4 In the Installer dialog box, click Install.
A status box keeps you informed of progress during installation.
5 When you see a message on your screen, follow directions and insert the next disk.
Near the end of the process, you’ll be asked to insert the first disk again.
6 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, click Restart.
The Installer restarts your Macintosh. You’ll find a new folder containing the
QuickTake software on your hard disk.
Custom installation
If you click the Customize button in the Installer, you’ll see a list of specific
items you can install individually. To ensure that all the necessary software is
installed, use Easy Install instead.
Getting Started With the QuickTake 100 Camera 7
Make sure you install
the QuickTake
software on the disk
you use as your
startup disk.
When you’re ready to
begin, click Install.
To switch to a
different disk,
click Switch Disk.What if you upgrade your Macintosh system software?
If you decide to replace or upgrade your Macintosh system software after
you’ve installed the QuickTake software, you may not be able to open the
QuickTake application program. To fix this problem, reinstall the QuickTake
software.
As an alternative, you can use the custom Installer:
1 Insert the appropriate installation disk into a floppy disk drive.
The choice depends on whether you have a Power Macintosh or not.
m If you have a Power Macintosh, insert QuickTake for Power Macintosh.
m Otherwise, insert QuickTake Install Disk 1.
If necessary, open the disk icon.
2 Double-click the Installer icon to open it.
3 In the Welcome dialog box that appears, click OK.
4 In the Installer dialog box, click Customize.
5 Choose Shared Library Manager from the list.
6 Click Install.
7 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, click Restart.
You have reinstalled the Shared Library Manager, and you can open the
QuickTake program again.
What next?
To begin taking pictures, go on to Chapter 2.
8 Chapter 1
Use the Installer to install
the QuickTake software.Because the QuickTake 100 camera is small and light and runs on batteries,
you can take pictures with it anywhere.
In this chapter
m Turning on the camera
m Taking pictures
m Using the controls
m Waking the camera from sleep
9
2 Using the Camera to Take PicturesTurning on the camera
To turn the camera on, slide open the lens cover.
Lens cover Be careful not to touch
the camera lens.
10 Chapter 2Taking pictures
Look straight through the viewfinder and take time to frame the subject you
want to photograph. Hold the camera steady, and press the shutter release.
Because the camera delays briefly before taking the picture, be sure to hold it
still until you hear the shutter click. When the camera is ready for the next
picture (in a few seconds), a green light glows in the viewfinder. The pictures
can remain in the camera’s memory up to one year (or until you erase them).
Focal range and flash range
Try to keep a distance of at least four feet between you and the object you
want to photograph. The camera can focus on objects as close as four feet and
as far away as infinity. Objects closer than four feet may be out of focus, but
objects in the range between four feet and infinity will be properly focused.
The flash can illuminate objects as close as four feet and as far away as nine
feet.
4' 9' (Distance) Infinity
Focus
Flash
Press the shutter release.
Viewfinder
You can hold the camera horizontally or vertically.
Using the Camera to Take Pictures 11Using the controls
When the camera is on, the control panel display appears.
Flash settings
There are three possible settings for the flash. Each time you press the flash
button, you cycle from one setting to the next.
A
To let the camera’s light
sensor determine when
to flash, press the button
until you see this icon.
For a flash with
every picture,
press the button
until you see this icon.
To turn off the flash,
press the button until
you see this icon.
A stands for automatic.
When you turn on or
wake the camera, this
setting always appears.
When your subject is in
shadow, and the background
is brighter, use this setting.
A
Flash button
Erase All button
(explained in Chapter 3)
Control panel display Resolution button
Timer button
12 Chapter 2Resolution settings
There are two possible settings for resolution. Each time you press the
resolution button, you toggle from one setting to the other.
m Standard resolution means 320 x 240 pixels. You can take up to 32
standard-resolution pictures.
m High resolution means 640 x 480 pixels. Each picture contains more detail.
You can take a maximum of eight high-resolution pictures; they take more
space in memory than standard-resolution pictures.
m You can mix high- and standard-resolution pictures on the camera, all in
24-bit color.
A A
For standard resolution,
press the button until
you see this icon.
For high resolution,
press the button until
you see this icon.
Using the Camera to Take Pictures 13Pictures taken and pictures available
The number in the center of the control panel shows how many pictures
you’ve taken. The smaller number next to the resolution icon shows how
many pictures you can take before the camera is full.
Battery level
Just below the center of the panel is a battery icon. It tells you how much
power is left in your batteries.
If the batteries run out, the pictures in your camera are safe, but you need
fresh batteries to take any more pictures. For information about battery care,
see Appendix B.
A A A
Batteries fully
charged (or power
adapter connected)
Batteries running low Batteries empty
Recharge them or replace
them with fresh batteries.
A A
Pictures taken Pictures you can take at the
selected resolution
This number changes when you
change the resolution setting.
The camera automatically switches
to standard resolution when there
isn’t enough memory for a
high-resolution picture.
14 Chapter 2Timer
The timer gives you 10 seconds before the camera takes a picture.
1 Press the timer button.
2 Press the shutter and prepare for the picture.
On the top front of the camera, a red indicator light glows steadily for eight
seconds, then it blinks rapidly for another two seconds. When time is up, the
camera takes the picture.
A
When the timer is on,
the timer icon blinks.
Using the Camera to Take Pictures 15Waking the camera
To conserve battery power, the camera goes to sleep after 60 seconds of
inactivity (or after 5 minutes of inactivity when connected to your
Macintosh). To wake it, you can press and release the shutter, or close and
reopen the sliding lens cover.
If the camera is connected to your Macintosh, you must close and reopen the
lens cover to wake it. Pressing the shutter won’t work.
To wake the camera, press
and release the shutter.
Or close and reopen the lens cover.
16 Chapter 2When you finish taking pictures (or when the camera is full), you can connect
it to your Macintosh computer and transfer the pictures to the computer.
In this chapter
m Connecting the camera to your Macintosh
m Looking at the pictures on the camera
m Transferring pictures to your Macintosh
m Working with pictures
m Saving a picture
m Printing your pictures
m Naming the camera
m Setting the clock in the camera
m Taking pictures from your Macintosh
m Erasing pictures from the camera
m Using the camera with an AC power adapter
17
3 Using the Camera With Your MacintoshConnecting the camera to your Macintosh
Use the serial cable that came with your camera.
1 Turn off the camera (shut the lens cover).
2 Plug one end of the serial cable into the modem or printer port on your Macintosh.
If both ports are in use, free the one that’s most convenient and connect the
camera.
IMPORTANT It is not necessary to turn off your Macintosh before you connect
and disconnect the serial cable. (As long as a serial port is free, it’s not active.)
However, if you want to connect or disconnect other devices (for example,
SCSI devices), you should check the appropriate manuals first. In many cases
you must turn off the Macintosh before you connect or disconnect a cable.
These icons identify the printer and
modem ports on your Macintosh.
Connect the camera to either port.
Some Macintosh computers have a
combined serial port with two icons.
18 Chapter 33 Plug the other end of the cable into the serial port on the camera.
4 Turn on the camera (open the lens cover).
When the camera is connected and turned on, an animated rectangle appears
on the control panel display.
The edge of the
rectangle moves.
Press the cover in and slide it open. Serial port
Using the Camera With Your Macintosh 19Looking at the pictures in the camera
While the pictures are in the camera, you can see what they look like and
work with them. (To move them to your Macintosh before you work with
them, see the next section, “Transferring Pictures to Your Macintosh.”)
1 Connect the camera to your Macintosh.
For instructions, see “Connecting the Camera to Your Macintosh,” earlier in
this chapter.
2 If necessary, turn on the camera by sliding open the lens cover.
3 On your Macintosh, double-click the QuickTake icon to open it.
4 Choose View Slides in Camera from the Camera menu.
The pictures appear in a slide table on your Macintosh screen.
For information about what you can do with the pictures, see “Working With
Your Pictures,” later in this chapter.
20 Chapter 3Transferring pictures to your Macintosh
Before you can transfer pictures from the camera, it must be connected to
your Macintosh. For instructions, see “Connecting the Camera to Your
Macintosh,” earlier in this chapter.
1 If the camera is off, turn it on by sliding open the lens cover.
When the camera is connected and turned on, an animated rectangle appears
on the control panel display.
2 On your Macintosh, double-click the QuickTake icon to open it.
3 Choose Move All Camera Images to Disk from the Camera menu.
In the box that appears, choose the location you want for the pictures.
After the images have been moved to your Macintosh, a message appears that
gives you a chance to erase the images from the camera. (If you prefer, you
can use the Erase All button. See “Erasing Pictures From the Camera,” later
in this chapter.)
Using the Camera With Your Macintosh 21
When you’re ready,
click Save.
To create a new folder for the
pictures, click this button.Opening pictures on the Macintosh
Once the pictures are on your Macintosh, you can use the QuickTake software
to look at them, make some changes, and save the pictures in a variety of
formats and bit depths. (See “Working with Pictures,” later in this chapter.)
Opening a picture in the image window
1 On your Macintosh, double-click the QuickTake icon to open it.
2 Choose Open from the File menu.
3 In the box that appears, click the picture you want to see and click Open.
22 Chapter 3
The X means Show
Preview is on. You see
a preview of any
QuickTake picture
you select.
The picture appears in
an image window.Opening a slide table
1 On your Macintosh, double-click the QuickTake icon to open it.
2 Choose Open Slide Table from the File menu.
3 In the box that appears, find the pictures you want to see.
4 To open the slide table, click the Choose button.
The pictures appear in a slide table window.
5 To see a picture in detail, double-click the slide.
Using the Camera With Your Macintosh 23
When you’ve found the
pictures you want to
open as a slide table,
click Choose.
In this example, the
pictures contained in
the Mixed Pictures
folder will open
as a slide table.
A slide like this represents an
image with no preview imported
from another application program.
To see the image here, choose
Create Slide from the Image menu.Working with your pictures
Whether the pictures are in the camera or have been moved to your
Macintosh, you can use the QuickTake software to look at them, make some
changes, and save the pictures in a variety of formats and bit depths.
With slides you can
m edit the name under each slide, giving slides the names you want
m use the Get Info command to get specific information (such as the image’s
width and height)
m print the slide table
m open slides to full-size images
With a full-size image you can
m see different zoom views of an image
m print the image
m change the size of the printed image
m crop the image
m change the image’s bit depth
m use the Copy command to copy the image (or selected parts of it) to paste
into a document in another application program
With slides or a full-size image you can
m change the picture’s orientation by rotating it from vertical to horizontal
(and vice versa)
m save the pictures you like, using the Save or Save As command
On the next few pages you’ll find instructions for doing the tasks listed here.
24 Chapter 3Editing slide names
You can give your slides names that mean something to you.
Getting information about a slide
1 Click the slide.
2 Choose Get Info from the File menu.
An information window appears.
Using the Camera With Your Macintosh 25
Select the name
under the slide and
type a new name.Opening a slide to a full-size image
To see the picture full size, double-click the slide.
26 Chapter 3
Double-click the slide
to see it full size.Zoom views in the image window
To see the picture in the image window enlarged, actual size, or reduced,
choose View from the Image menu, then choose an item from the submenu.
When you open an image the first time, the QuickTake software uses all the
pixels to present the best possible image on your monitor. With a highresolution image, the picture appears at 200% magnification.
Changing the printed size of a picture
To change the size of a printed picture, choose Resize from the Image menu.
In the box that appears, you can specify one aspect (width, height, or
resolution) of the size you want the picture to be. (Resizing affects the entire
picture displayed in the image window. You can’t select and resize one section
of the picture.)
Using the Camera With Your Macintosh 27
High-resolution images show
144 dots per inch (dpi).
Standard resolution images
show 72 dpi.
When you choose Zoom In,
the image doubles in size.
When you choose Zoom Out,
the image shrinks to half its
previous size.
To change the width, height, or
resolution of a printed picture, type
the number you want in the space
provided. You can define one
aspect of the size; QuickTake
calculates the other two aspects.
To choose the unit of
measure you want
(inches or
centimeters), use this
pop-up menu.
This represents a QuickTake
high-resolution image.
This shows the size
of the picture when
it’s printed.Cropping a picture
1 Drag the pointer to include just the part of the picture you want in the selection
rectangle.
If you don’t get it right the first time, click outside the selection rectangle (or
press x-Z) to cancel the selection. Then try again.
2 Choose Crop from the Image menu.
The cropped image appears.
28 Chapter 3
Inside the
rectangle is the
part of the image
you keep.Changing the bit depth of a picture
You may want to change the image bit depth of a picture you take. For
example, if the picture uses millions of colors, but you plan to print it on a
grayscale printer, you can change the image bit depth to 256 shades of gray.
Changing bit depth and compression scheme can reduce the amount of disk
space required to store an image, but the changes may affect image quality.
To change the bit depth, choose Change Image Depth from the Image menu.
Then choose the bit depth you want. If you’re not happy with the result,
choose Undo from the Edit menu.
Copying a picture to another application
You can copy QuickTake pictures and paste them into documents in other
applications. (You cannot paste them into other QuickTake pictures.)
1 Drag the pointer to include in the selection rectangle the part of the picture you want to
copy.
To copy the entire image, choose Select All from the Edit menu.
2 Choose Copy from the Edit menu.
3 Position the pointer in the target document and choose Paste from the Edit menu.
A copy of the selected image appears in the document.
Using the Camera With Your Macintosh 29
This is an optimized palette
depending on the scene or
subject in the picture.Rotating a picture
To rotate the selected slide or picture, choose Rotate from the Image menu. A
submenu appears, and you can specify how far you want to turn the slide or
picture.
In the slide table, you can only rotate pictures that are in the PICT QuickTake
format. You can rotate a single, full-size image in any format.
If you rotate a picture that’s in the camera, you must save it to make the
change permanent. (If you’ve already moved the image to the Macintosh, the
computer remembers the change whether you save it or not.)
30 Chapter 3Saving a picture
If you want to preserve changes you make, you have to save the modified
picture. The Save and Save As commands in the QuickTake software behave
like the same commands in other Macintosh application programs. In
addition, the QuickTake software provides features that allow you to choose a
specific file format (such as PICT or TIFF), bit depth, and file compression.
1 To save the picture in the active image window, choose Save As from the File menu.
2 In the box that appears, type a name for the picture.
Using the Camera With Your Macintosh 31
Type a name for
the picture here.3 Choose the file format you want from the pop-up menu.
The file format you choose depends on the requirements of the application
into which you plan to import the picture.
m PICT is the basic Macintosh file format for images and is used by almost all
Macintosh programs that read image files.
The PICT QuickTake format is created (and compressed) by the camera.
To open images in this format on a Macintosh, you need the QuickTake
Image and QuickTime extensions. To open images saved in the compressed
PICT formats, you need only the QuickTime extension. To open images
saved in PICT with no compression, use any application that reads PICT.
m TIFF stands for Tagged Image File Format. TIFF is another commonly used
file format for storing bitmapped images in various resolutions.
4 Choose the image depth you want from the pop-up menu.
The image depth you choose depends on the printer to which you plan to
send the picture or the monitor on which you plan to display it.
5 Click the Save button (or press Return).
32 Chapter 3
These three formats use JPEG
compression for a smaller file size,
but with some loss of image quality.
If you use 256 colors, Custom Colors
adjust to the scene or subject, showing
an image at its best. However, this setting
may cause other color images on your
desktop to look strange.
Default colors for a 256-color monitorPrinting your pictures
You can use the QuickTake application to print the pictures you take, and you
can print them while they are on the camera or after you transfer them to your
Macintosh.
Printing a slide table
1 Open the slide table you want to print.
2 Choose Print from the File menu.
3 In the box that appears, choose the settings you want.
In a short while, the printed slide table is ready at your printer.
Using the Camera With Your Macintosh 33
When the options are
set the way you want
them, click Print.
IMPORTANT Be sure
to click Color/ Grayscale
before you print
QuickTake images.34 Chapter 3
Printing a single image
1 Make sure the picture you want to print is opened as a full-size image.
2 Choose Print from the File menu.
3 In the box that appears, choose the settings you want.
Sometimes a printed high-resolution picture is smaller than it appears on your
screen.
m A high-resolution image takes full advantage of its 640 x 480 pixels on the
screen and appears at twice its actual size. (The title bar of the image
window tells you the magnification is 200%.) Its printed size is 100%.
m A standard-resolution image appears in a 320 x 240 pixel size on screen
and the same size when it prints. (The magnification is 100%.)
To change the size of a printed picture, use the Resize command. For details,
see “Changing the Printed Size of a Picture,” earlier in this chapter.
When the options are
set the way you want
them, click Print.
IMPORTANT Be sure
to click Color/ Grayscale
before you print
QuickTake images.Naming the camera
You can give your camera a name. When you look at the pictures while
they’re on the camera, its name appears as the title of the slide table window.
The camera must be connected to your Macintosh. For instructions, see
“Connecting the Camera to Your Macintosh,” earlier in this chapter.
1 On your Macintosh, double-click the QuickTake icon to open it.
2 Choose Set Camera Name from the Camera menu.
3 In the box that appears, type the name you want.
4 When you’re finished, click Set.
Using the Camera With Your Macintosh 35
The name you type
can contain up to
31 characters.Setting the clock in the camera
The camera’s internal clock keeps track of the date and time you take each
picture. This information is useful, and in some circumstances important, so
take time now to set the clock.
The camera must be connected to your Macintosh. (For instructions, see
“Connecting the Camera to Your Macintosh,” earlier in this chapter.) If you
want to check the date and time on the Macintosh before you set the camera,
use the General Controls panel.
1 If necessary, turn on the camera by sliding open the lens cover.
2 On your Macintosh, double-click the QuickTake icon to open it.
3 Choose Set Camera Date & Time from the Camera menu.
4 To set the camera to match your Macintosh, click OK in the box that appears.
Whenever you want to check the accuracy of the camera’s clock, choose Set
Camera Date & Time from the Camera menu.
IMPORTANT If the batteries in your QuickTake camera go dead or you remove
them and don’t replace them immediately, the camera’s clock stops. To
guarantee that the clock in the camera matches the clock on your Macintosh,
you must connect the camera to the computer and repeat the procedure
described here.
36 Chapter 3Taking pictures from the Macintosh
You can use the camera controls on your Macintosh to take pictures.
1 Connect the camera to your Macintosh.
For instructions, see “Connecting the Camera to Your Macintosh” earlier in
this chapter.
2 Arrange the camera so it’s in a position to take the picture you want.
3 Choose Camera Controls from the Camera menu.
4 In the box that appears, change any settings to suit your needs.
For details about the different settings, see “Using the Controls” in Chapter 2.
5 When you’re ready, click Take a Picture.
You can use the Erase All button to erase the pictures on the camera.
Remember that the control erases all the images permanently.
Using the Camera With Your Macintosh 37
Resolution button
Timer button
Flash button
Erase All buttonErasing pictures from the camera
After you transfer your pictures to your Macintosh, you should erase them
from the camera to make room for new pictures.
If the camera is connected to your Macintosh, there’s another way to erase
pictures. You can open the QuickTake program and choose Camera Controls
from the Camera menu. Then click the Erase All button on the Macintosh
screen.
WARNING This erases all of the pictures in the camera. You cannot
erase a few and leave the rest in the camera.
To erase all the pictures in the camera,
lightly press the Erase All button.
(Use any small, pointed object.)
As the pictures are erased, the Trash icon in the
control panel display blinks. In a few seconds,
the display shows 0 (zero) pictures taken.
38 Chapter 3Using the camera with a power adapter
To conserve battery power, you can use a power adapter and plug the camera
into an available power outlet. Use only the QuickTake 100 AC Adapter (part
number M2851LL/A) or the PowerBook AC Adapter with the QuickTake 100.
It’s a good idea to use the power adapter for power while the camera is
connected to your Macintosh. (Note: The power adapter does not recharge
batteries in the camera. If you have rechargeable batteries, use the charger
that came with the QuickTake 100. See “Charging the Batteries” in Chapter 1.)
WARNING Never alter the plug on the power adapter. If it will not fit an
electrical outlet, have a proper outlet installed by a qualifed electrician.
Improper connection may result in electrical shock. Use of a power
adapter not recommended or sold by Apple Computer, Inc., may result
in a risk of fire, electrical shock, or injury.
Using the Camera With Your Macintosh 39Traveling with the camera
The QuickTake 100 Travel Case (part number M2848G/A) is available at
authorized Apple resellers. The travel case includes a leather camera grip and
a protective carrying case.
Using the battery booster pack with the camera
The QuickTake 100 Battery Booster Pack (part number M2655G/A) is
available at authorized Apple resellers. The booster pack lets you take
thousands of pictures with your QuickTake 100 camera. It comes with eight
AA lithium batteries and plugs into the power adapter port on your camera.
QuickTake 100 Battery Booster Pack
QuickTake 100 Travel Case
40 Chapter 341
This chapter explains what happens when you choose any of the commands
from the QuickTake software menus.
In this chapter
m The File menu
m The Edit menu
m The Image menu
m The Camera menu
m The Windows menu
4 QuickTake Software Menu CommandsThe File menu
The commands in the File menu work on the contents of windows or folders.
m Open Brings up a box that you can use to locate and open your pictures.
When you open the selected picture, it appears by itself in an image window.
42 Chapter 4
The X means Show
Preview is on. You see
a preview of any
QuickTake picture
you select.m Open Slide Table Brings up a box which you can use to open slides of all the
pictures in a folder you select.
The pictures in the selected folder appear together in a slide table window.
m Close Closes the active window. If you haven’t saved changes to the picture
in the image window, a message appears asking you whether you want to
save the picture before closing the window.
m Save Saves a picture you’ve opened, including any changes you’ve made to
it. Use Save (rather than the Save As command) for routine saving of your
pictures.
m Save As Saves a picture the first time you open it and want to save it. Also
lets you save it with a different name, or in a different folder, or on a
different disk, or in a different file format.
QuickTake Software Menu Commands 43
When you’ve chosen
the folder containing the
pictures you want to
see, click here.
To change the file format and bit depth
of an image, use these pop-up menus.The file format you choose depends on the requirements of the application
program into which you plan to import the picture.
The image depth you choose depends on the printer to which you plan to
send the picture or the monitor on which you plan to display it.
m Page Setup Lets you set the page size, orientation, and other options for
pictures that you print using QuickTake software.
44 Chapter 4
To select
enhancements to
the printed image,
click Options.
When the options are
set the way you want
them, click OK.m Print Prints the picture displayed in the image window. A box appears with
options for printing your document.
m Quit Ends a session with the QuickTake software. If you’ve modified the
picture in the image window but haven’t saved it, a message appears asking
you whether you want to save the picture before quitting the program.
QuickTake Software Menu Commands 45
When the options are
set the way you want
them, click Print.
IMPORTANT Be sure
to click Color/ Grayscale
before you print
QuickTake images.The Edit menu
The commands in the Edit menu let you work with selected parts of the
picture in the image window.
m Undo Cancels your most recent changes to the picture. For example, if you
used the Crop command and don’t like the results, you can choose Undo to
cancel the crop.
m Cut Removes the material you have selected and places it on the Clipboard.
You can only use the Cut command to edit the names of pictures in the
slide table.
m Copy Copies the material you have selected to the Clipboard. The original
material stays where it was when you selected it.
m Paste Copies the material on the Clipboard to the active window in another
program (not QuickTake). The program you are using determines where
you can paste the material and how much freedom you have to move it
around. You can continue to paste copies until you cut or copy a new
selection (which replaces the old contents of the Clipboard).
m Select All Selects everything in the picture, placing the selection rectangle
around the outer edge of the picture.
46 Chapter 4The Image menu
The commands in the Image menu work with the picture in the image
window, and some of them work with slides in the slide table.
m View Lets you see a picture in the image window enlarged or reduced or at
its actual size (100%). Each time you choose Zoom In, the image doubles
in size. When you choose Zoom Out, the image shrinks to half its previous
size.
m Rotate Rotates the selected slide or picture. When you choose Rotate, a
submenu appears that lets you specify how far you want to turn the slide or
picture.
In the slide table, you can only rotate pictures that are in the QuickTake
format. Full-size images can be rotated in any format.
If you rotate a picture that’s in the camera, you must save it to make the
change permanent. (If you’ve already moved the image to the Macintosh, the
computer remembers the change whether you save it or not.)
QuickTake Software Menu Commands 47m Resize Brings up a box that lets you specify one aspect (width, height, or
resolution) of the size you want the picture to be. (Resizing affects the
entire picture displayed in the image window. You can’t select and resize
one section of the picture.) You can change the dimensions of the image to
meet your specific requirements.
m Crop Trims a picture to include only the part you’ve selected with the
selection rectangle.
m Change Image Depth Lets you change the bit depth of the picture in the
image window. For example, if you don’t need all the information
contained in millions of colors, changing to 256 shades of gray reduces the
size of the file on your disk.
m Create Slide Creates a preview image so you can see pictures from other
sources alongside your QuickTake pictures in the slide table.
m Sort Slides By Lets you choose to sort slides in numerical order by date or
alphabetical order by name.
48 Chapter 4
To change the width, height, or
resolution of a printed picture, type
the number you want in the space
provided. You can define only one
aspect of the size; QuickTake
calculates the other two aspects.
To choose the unit of
measure you want,
use this pop-up
menu.
This represents a QuickTake
high-resolution image.
This shows the size
(in inches or
centimeters) of the
picture when it’s
printed.The Camera menu
The commands in the Camera menu work with the camera. You must connect
the camera to your Macintosh before you can use this menu. (For instructions
on connecting the camera to your Macintosh, see Chapter 3.)
m View Slides in Camera Lets you see slides of the pictures currently in the
camera.
m Move All Camera Images to Disk Transfers pictures from the camera to your
Macintosh. When you choose this command, a box appears that lets you
specify where to save the pictures.
QuickTake Software Menu Commands 49m Set Camera Name Brings up a box that lets you give a unique name to your
camera. This is especially helpful if more than one camera may transfer
pictures to a particular Macintosh.
m Set Camera Date & Time Brings up a box that tells you whether the clock
needs to be reset to match your Macintosh. If it does, click OK.
m Camera Controls Brings up a control panel like the one on the camera.
The Windows menu
The Windows menu lists the names of all the QuickTake windows currently
open. You can choose which window should be frontmost. (If you haven’t
saved and named their contents, image windows are identified as Image 1,
Image 2, and so on.)
50 Chapter 4
The name you type can
contain up to 31 characters.
When you’re ready, click Set.
To change the resolution, click here.
To turn on (or turn off) the timer, click here.
To change the flash
To erase the
pictures in the
camera, click here.
To take a picture, click here.This chapter offers suggestions to help you care for your camera and solve
problems.
In this chapter
m Maintenance tips
m Problem-solving tips
Caring for your camera
These suggestions should help you maintain the QuickTake 100 camera:
m Protect the camera from moisture and excessive heat.
m Don’t use harsh or abrasive cleaners on the camera. Wipe off dust with a
clean, dry cloth.
m When you are not taking pictures, close the lens cover to protect the lens
and keep it clean (and to extend battery life).
51
5 Maintenance and Troubleshootingm To clean the lens, first blow away any surface dust or dirt. Breathe on the
lens to form a mist, then gently wipe away the mist with a soft, lint-free
cloth or lens cleaning tissue. Don’t press hard, or you may scratch the lens.
Never wipe a dry lens.
m If you store the camera for an extended period, remove the batteries. When
you replace the batteries, remember to reset the date and time. (For
instructions, see “Setting the Clock in the Camera” in Chapter 3.)
Solving problems
This section describes some problems you might encounter, and offers
solutions you can try.
IMPORTANT If you have a problem with your camera and nothing
recommended here solves it, contact your authorized service provider.
Camera won’t take pictures
m The camera may not be turned on. Make sure the lens cover is open.
m The camera may be asleep. Press the shutter release or close and then open
the lens cover.
m If you just took a flash picture, the flash may be recharging. Look for the
green light in the viewfinder. When it comes on, the camera is ready to
take another picture.
m The batteries may be low or dead. Replace the batteries or connect the AC
power adapter to the camera.
m The batteries may not be installed correctly. (See “Installing the Batteries”
in Chapter 1.)
WARNING Don’t use solvents or solutions unless they are specifically
designed for cleaning camera lenses. Don’t use chemically treated tissues
intended for eyeglasses.
52 Chapter 5m The camera’s memory may have no room for another picture. Transfer the
pictures from the camera to your Macintosh, then erase the pictures. (See
“Erasing Pictures From the Camera” in Chapter 3.)
m The camera may be connected to your Macintosh. You can use the camera
controls on the Macintosh to take pictures (see “Taking Pictures From the
Macintosh” in Chapter 3), or disconnect the serial cable from the camera.
Can’t see anything through the viewfinder
m Make sure the lens cover is open.
m Move the camera around slightly as you look through it. You need to look
straight through the viewfinder.
Flash fails to go off
m Make sure the flash is turned on. (See “Flash Settings” in Chapter 2.)
m The batteries may be low or dead. Replace the batteries.
m The batteries may not be installed correctly. (See “Installing the Batteries”
in Chapter 1.)
The Macintosh doesn’t recognize the camera
Different devices and programs may compete with the camera for the use of a
serial port on your Macintosh. If there’s a problem, a message tells you that
the camera is not responding. Make sure the serial cable is connected
properly, the camera is turned on, and the batteries have enough power.
If you have system software version 7.0.1•, try the following to resolve the
problem:
m Turn on AppleTalk in the Chooser. AppleTalk must be turned on to use the
QuickTake software with system software version 7.0.1•.
m Determine whether you have a LocalTalk device connected to the printer
port. If you do, connect the camera to the modem port.
m If you have a non-LocalTalk device, or no device at all, connected to the
printer port, open the Network control panel and change the setting from
LocalTalk to Remote Only. (If you use an EtherTalk network, leave the
setting on EtherTalk.) Then connect the camera to either port.
Maintenance and Troubleshooting 53Pictures are fuzzy, blurry, or blotchy
m The lens may be dirty. Clean the lens. (See “Caring for Your Camera,”
earlier in this chapter.)
m The subject or the camera may have moved. Hold the camera steady, and
use the flash. (See “Taking Pictures” and “Flash Settings” in Chapter 2.)
m The subject may be out of focal range. Keep a distance of at least four feet
between you and the subject. The flash illuminates subjects between four
and nine feet from the camera.
m The resolution setting may not be appropriate for the subject. Change to
high resolution. (See “Resolution Settings” in Chapter 2.)
Pictures are too dark (underexposed)
m There may not be enough light to take a picture. Turn on the flash. (See
“Flash Settings” in Chapter 2.)
m The subject may be too far away for the flash to have an effect. Make sure
the subject is no more than nine feet away. (See “Focal Range and Flash
Range” in Chapter 2.)
Pictures are too light (overexposed)
m If the camera is set to use flash with every picture, that may be too much
light. Change to automatic flash. (See “Flash Settings” in Chapter 2.)
m The subject may be too close. Make sure the subject is at least four feet
away. (See “Focal Range and Flash Range” in Chapter 2.)
m The camera may be pointed directly at a bright light. Try a different angle.
m The light sensors (above and below the viewfinder lens) may be dirty. Use
a soft, dry cloth to clean them. (To locate the light sensors, see “Your
Camera at a Glance” in Chapter 1.)
m One or both of the light sensors may be covered inadvertently. Be careful
not to obstruct the light sensors while you take pictures.
Part of a picture is missing
m Some part of the lens may be covered. Keep your hands, the neck strap,
and other objects away from the lens and the built-in flash.
54 Chapter 5Physical
m Depth 6.1 in. (155 mm)
m Width 5.3 in. (135 mm)
m Height 2.2 in. (55 mm)
m Weight 1 lb. (0.5 kg)
Technical
m Type CCD Still Frame Camera
m Image size 320 x 240 pixels standard resolution;
640 x 480 high resolution
m Interface GeoPort (Macintosh); RS-232C serial (Windows)
m Bit depth 24-bit color
m Memory 1 MB Flash EPROM
55
Appendix A
SpecificationsCamera
m Lens field of view 8 mm (equivalent to 50-mm lens on a 35-mm film
camera)
m ISO equivalent to approximately ISO 85
m Focus range 4 feet to infinity
m Aperture ƒ2.8 to ƒ16
m Shutter speed 1/30 second to 1/175 second
m Flash range 4 feet to 9 feet
Temperature
m Operating 0° to 40° C (32° to 104° F)
m Storage (6 months) –40° to 47° C (–40° to 117° F)
m Transit (72 hours) –40° to 65° C (–40° to 149° F)
m Humidity Classified as Class 1 equipment
Power requirements
m Standby <500 mW
m Operating <4.5 W
Operating environment
m Temperature 0° to 40° C (32° to 104° F)
m Humidity 20 to 95 percent, noncondensing
Electrical requirements
m Internal power 3 AA batteries (3.6 V DC to 5.4 V DC)
m External power 4.5 V DC/1.75 A to 8.0 V DC/1.0 A
Accessories
m QuickTake 100 Travel Case (part number M2848G/A)
m QuickTake 100 Battery Booster Pack (part number M2655G/A)
56 Appendix AThe QuickTake camera comes with three AA rechargeable NiCad (nickelcadmium) batteries and a battery charger. In place of the NiCad batteries, the
camera can use other AA batteries. This appendix contains important
information about the battery charger and the batteries you can use in the
QuickTake camera.
Important safety instructions for using the battery charger
m Save this manual. It contains important safety and operating instructions.
m Before using the battery charger, read all instructions and cautionary
markings on the charger, the batteries, and the QuickTake camera.
m The battery charger is designed for indoor use only. Do not expose the
charger to rain or snow.
m Charge only NiCad rechargeable batteries. Charging other types of
batteries with the charger that came with the camera may cause them to
leak or explode, resulting in personal injury and property damage.
m Use of an attachment (such as a battery charger, power supply, or serial
cable) not recommended specifically for use with QuickTake 100 and sold
by Apple Computer may result in a risk of fire, electrical shock, or injury.
m Do not plug the charger into an extension cord.
57
Appendix B
Battery Informationm If the charger has been hit, dropped, or damaged in any way, do not
operate it. Take it to an authorized service provider for repair.
m Do not disassemble the charger. If it needs service or repair, take it to an
authorized service provider. Incorrect reassembly may result in fire or
electric shock.
m To reduce the risk of electric shock, unplug the charger from the electrical
outlet before you attempt to clean it. Turning off power to the outlet will
not reduce this risk.
Caring for batteries
Here are some general suggestions for good battery care.
m Always handle batteries carefully.
m Do not short-circuit battery terminals (that is, do not touch both terminals
with a metal object). Do not carry loose batteries in a pocket or purse
where they may mix with coins, keys, or other metal objects. Doing so may
cause an explosion or a fire.
m Do not drop, puncture, disassemble, mutilate, or incinerate the batteries.
m Recharge batteries only as described in this manual and only in ventilated
areas.
m Intense heat can shorten battery life. Do not leave batteries in hot locations
(such as the trunk of a car) for more than a day or two.
m Do not leave NiCad batteries in storage for longer than 6 months without
recharging them. Store unused batteries in a dry place at normal room
temperature.
m Dispose of used batteries according to the battery manufacturer’s
instructions.
58 Appendix BWays to improve battery performance
Here are some tips that may help you get the most from your batteries.
m When you replace used batteries, replace all the old ones with new ones.
Mixing new and used batteries weakens the performance of the new ones.
(If you are using rechargeable batteries, replace batteries that are running
low with a complete set of fully charged batteries.)
m Batteries work best when the contact surfaces are clean. If necessary, clean
these surfaces by gently rubbing with a clean pencil eraser or a cloth.
Rechargeable NiCad batteries
If you’ve used a set of rechargeable batteries for a while, and they seem not to
last as long as when they were new, discharge them completely before
recharging them. Unless the batteries are wearing out, this should improve
their lasting power.
WARNING Damaged nickel-cadmium (NiCad) batteries may leak small
amounts of potassium hydroxide. This substance can cause severe burns
to the skin and eyes. If you touch a damaged battery, immediately rinse
your hands and any other affected areas with water for at least 5
minutes. Do not use soap.
Battery Information 59You can use the QuickTake 100 camera with a computer running Windows
software, but you’ll need a special cable and the Windows version of the
QuickTake software. You can purchase the QuickTake 100 Connection Kit for
Windows with everything you need.
61
Appendix C
Using the Camera with a Windows-Based PCThe QuickTake Setup control panel puts a camera icon on the desktop for
convenient access to images on the QuickTake 100 camera. (By the way, you
don’t need the camera icon to use the QuickTake 1.0 application program.)
1 Make sure the camera is connected to your Macintosh and turned on.
2 Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu.
3 Open QuickTake Setup.
4 In the box that appears, click Connect To Camera.
63
Appendix D
Using QuickTake Setup64 Appendix D
The camera icon appears on your desktop. You can use the control panel to
m rename the camera
m make sure the camera’s clock is reset automatically when you connect your
QuickTake 100 to the Macintosh
m control the camera’s sleep schedule
m erase the images on the camera
5 To see the images on the camera, double-click the camera icon to open it.
You have several options for using the images on the camera:
m To open an image in the QuickTake 1.0 application program, double-click
the image icon. You can use QuickTake 1.0 to save images in formats other
than PICT QuickTake (the original format of images on the camera).
m To view the images and edit them, use an appropriate image-editing,
image-database, or word-processing program.
m To move the images to your hard disk, drag them to the disk. You can open
and view images on the camera but cannot save them there.
6 To close the control panel, click its close box.
7 To remove the camera from your desktop, drag the icon to the Trash.
By the way, you can move the QuickTake Setup icon out of the Control Panels
folder to a more convenient place.
This icon represents your
QuickTake 100 camera.
(You don’t need this icon
on your desktop to use
QuickTake 1.0.)
IMPORTANT This erases everything on the camera.
You cannot select individual images to erase.
To change the time that
elapses before the camera
goes to sleep, use this
pop-up menu.
To rename your
camera, type a name
and click Set Name.A
AC adapter 39
accessories 56
aperture 56
AppleTalk 6, 53
applications, copying pictures to 29
B
batteries 57–59
caring for 58
charging 4
checking level of 14
cleaning 59
conserving with power adapter 39
conserving with sleep 16
damaged 59
discharging 59
disposing of 58
improving performance of 59
installing 5
rechargeable 57–59
recharging 58
removing for long-term storage 52
replacing 59
safety instructions for 4, 5, 59
storing 58
troubleshooting 59
types to use 57
battery booster pack 40
battery charger
caring for 57–58
charging batteries with 4
safety instructions for 57–58
battery compartment 3
battery terminals 58
bit depth, changing 29, 43–44, 48
bit depth specifications 55
C
cable, connecting 18–19
Camera Controls command (Camera
menu) 37–38, 50
camera icon on desktop 63–64
camera lens 3
Camera menu 49–50
Camera Controls command 37–38, 50
Move All Camera Images to Disk
command 21, 49
Set Camera Date & Time command
36, 50
Set Camera Name command 35, 50
View Slides in Camera command
20, 49
65
Indexcamera specifications 56
care
of batteries 58
of battery charger 57–58
of camera 51–52
Change Image Depth command (Image
menu) 29, 48
charging batteries 4
cleaning
batteries 59
camera 51–52
lens 52
clock, setting 36, 50
resetting automatically 64
Close command (File menu) 43
closing active windows 43
color, 24-bit 13
colors (image depth) 44, 48
commands, undoing 46
compression scheme, changing 29
connecting camera to Macintosh 18–20
control buttons 3
control panel, QuickTake Setup 63–64
control panel display 3, 12
controls 12–15
battery level 14
flash settings 12
pictures taken and pictures
available 14
resolution settings 13
timer 15
Copy command (Edit menu) 29, 46
copying pictures 46
to another application 29
Create Slide command (Image menu)
23, 48
Crop command (Image menu) 28, 48
cropping pictures 28, 48
customizing software installation 7
Cut command (Edit menu) 46
D
date, setting 36, 50
desktop, camera icon on 63–64
disposing of batteries 58
E
editing slide names 25, 46
Edit menu 46
Copy command 29, 46
Cut command 46
Paste command 29, 46
Select All command 29, 46
Undo command 29, 46
electrical requirements 56
Erase All button
in QuickTake software 37–38
on camera 38
Erase Camera button 64
erasing pictures 37–38, 64
EtherTalk network 53
F
file format, changing 31–32, 43–44
File menu 42–45
Close command 43
Get Info command 25
Open command 42
Open Slide Table command 23, 43
Page Setup command 44
Print command 33–34, 44
Quit command 44
Save As command 43–44
Save command 43
flash
location of 3
range of 11, 54, 56
recharging 52
setting 12
troubleshooting 53
66 IndexFlash button
in QuickTake software 37
on camera 12
flash icon 12
focal range 11, 54, 56
folders
creating for pictures 21
opening pictures in 23, 43
format, changing 31–32, 43–44
framing subjects 11
G
Get Info command (File menu) 25
grayscale printing 29, 33–34, 45
green light in viewfinder 11, 52
H
hard disk, moving images to 64
high resolution, setting 13
high-resolution images 27
printing 34
humidity 56
I, J, K
icons
camera on desktop 63–64
flash 12
modem port 18
printer port 18
QuickTake 20, 22
resolution 14
serial port 18
timer 15
Trash 38
image depth, changing 29, 32, 43–44, 48
Image menu 47–48
Change Image Depth command
29, 48
Create Slide command 23, 48
Crop command 28, 48
Resize command 27, 48
Rotate command 30, 47
Sort Slides By command 48
View command 27, 47
image size specifications 55
image window
changing image depth in 48
cropping pictures in 48
opening pictures in 22
resizing images in 48
rotating pictures in 47
zoom views in 27, 47
images. See pictures
Installer 6–7
installing
batteries 5
QuickTake software 6–8
custom installation 7
interface 55
interference vi–vii
L
lens 3, 10
cleaning 52
field of view 56
troubleshooting 54
lens cover 3
keeping closed 51
turning camera off with 18
turning camera on with 10, 19
waking camera with 16
lighting 54. See also flash
lights
green light in viewfinder 11, 52
red timer light 3, 15
light sensors 12, 54
LocalTalk devices 53
looking at pictures in camera 20
Index 67M
Macintosh
connecting camera to 18–20
failure to recognize camera 53
opening pictures on 22–23
taking pictures from 37
transferring pictures to 21
using camera with 17–39
working with pictures on 24–39
maintenance 51–53
memory, full 53
memory specifications 55
menu commands 41–50. See also
specific menu or command
modem port 18
modem port icon 18
Move All Camera Images to Disk
command (Camera menu)
21, 49
moving images to hard disk 64
N
naming
camera 35, 50, 64
pictures 31
slides 25
neck strap 3
NiCad batteries. See batteries
O
Open command (File menu) 42
opening pictures 22–23, 42, 64
in image window 22
in QuickTake 1.0 64
in slide table 23, 43
opening slides to full-size image 26
Open Slide Table command (File menu)
23, 43
operating environment 56
P
Page Setup command (File menu) 44
Paste command (Edit menu) 29, 46
pasting pictures 46
into other applications 29
PC, Windows-based 61
photography. See taking pictures
physical specifications 55
PICT format 31–32, 44
PICT QuickTake format 30, 32, 44
pictures
changing image depth of 32, 48
changing printed size of 27
changing size with Resize command
27, 48
changing size with View command
27, 47
copying 46
copying to another application 29
creating folder for 21
creating slides 23
cropping 28, 48
date and time stamp for 36, 50
editing slide names 25, 46
erasing from camera 21, 38, 64
getting information about slides 25
moving to hard disk 64
naming 31
number taken and number
available 14
opening 22–23, 42
opening slides to full-size image 26
opening slide table 23
previewing 22, 42, 48
printing options for 44
printing single image 34
printing slide table 33
quality of 54
rotating 30, 47
saving 31–32, 43–44
sorting slides 48
68 Indextaking with camera 11–15
taking with Macintosh 37
transferring to Macintosh 21, 49
troubleshooting 52–54
undoing changes to 46
viewing different sizes of 27
viewing in camera 20, 49
working with 24–39
working with selected parts of 46
pixels 13
ports
modem port 18
power adapter port 3, 40
printer port 18, 53
serial port 3, 18–19, 53
power. See batteries; power adapter
power adapter 39
power adapter port 3, 40
PowerBook AC Adapter 39
power requirements 56
previewing pictures 22, 42, 48
Print command (File menu) 33–34, 44
printer port 18, 53
printer port icon 18
printers, grayscale 29, 33–34, 45
printing pictures 33–34, 44–45
grayscale 29, 33–34, 45
high-resolution images 34
low-resolution images 34
options for 43–44
printing a single image 34
printing slide table 33
Q
QuickTake icon 20, 22
QuickTake 100 AC Adapter 39
QuickTake 100 Battery Booster Pack 40
QuickTake 100 Connection Kit for
Windows 61
QuickTake 100 Travel Case 40
QuickTake Setup 63–64
QuickTake software
AppleTalk and 6, 53
changing pictures with 24–25, 27–31
copying pictures to another
application with 29
erasing pictures with 38
installing 6–8
menu commands 41–50
naming camera with 35
opening pictures with 22–31
printing pictures with 33–34
quitting 45
saving pictures with 31–32
setting clock with 36
taking pictures with 37
transferring pictures with 21
upgraded system software and 8
viewing pictures with 20, 26–27
Windows version of 61
Quit command (File menu) 44
R
rechargeable batteries 57–59
recharging 4, 57–58
discharging 59
recharging flash 52
red timer light 3, 15
renaming the camera 64
repair 58
replacing batteries 59
resetting the clock automatically 64
Resize command (Image menu) 27, 48
Resolution button
in QuickTake software 37
on camera 12
resolution icons 14
resolution settings 13
Rotate command (Image menu) 30, 47
rotating pictures and slides 30, 47
Index 69S
safety instructions
batteries 5, 59
battery charger 4, 57–58
Save As command (File menu) 31,
43–44
Save command (File menu) 31, 43
saving pictures 31–32, 43–44
Select All command (Edit menu) 29, 46
selecting whole picture 29, 46
serial cable
connecting 18–19
disconnecting 53
serial port 3, 18–19, 53
serial port icon 18
service 52, 58
Set Camera Date & Time command
(Camera menu) 36, 50
Set Camera Name command (Camera
menu) 35, 50
setting camera clock 36, 50, 64
shadowed subjects, photographing 12
Show Preview 22, 42
shutter 3, 11
waking camera with 16
shutter speed 56
sleep
setting time for 64
waking from 16
slides
creating 23
editing names of 25, 46
getting information about 25
opening to full-size image 26
previewing 48
rotating 47
sorting 48
viewing in camera 20
slide table 20
creating slides in 48
opening 23
printing 34
rotating pictures in 47
sorting slides in 48
software. See applications; QuickTake
software
sorting slides 48
Sort Slides By command (Image
menu) 48
specifications 55–56
standard resolution, setting 13
standard resolution images 27
printing 34
storing
batteries 58
camera 52, 56
system requirements 2
system software
version 7.0.1•, QuickTake software
and 6, 53
upgrading 8
T
taking pictures 11–15
focusing 11, 54, 56
framing subjects 11
from Macintosh 37
of shadowed subjects 12
resolution settings 13
tracking pictures taken and pictures
available 14
troubleshooting 52–54
with or without flash 11–12
with timer 15
technical specifications 55–56
temperature specifications 56
TIFF format 31–32, 44
70 Indextime, setting 36, 50
Timer button
in QuickTake software 37
on camera 12, 15
timer icon 15
timer light 3, 15
transferring pictures to Macintosh 21, 49
Trash icon 38
travel case 40
traveling with the camera 40
tripod mounting hole 3
troubleshooting 52–54
batteries 59
flash 53
Macintosh doesn’t recognize
camera 53
picture quality 54
taking pictures 52–53
viewfinder 53
turning off camera 18
turning off flash 12
turning on camera 10, 19
U
Undo command (Edit menu) 29, 46
upgrading system software 8
V
View command (Image menu) 27, 47
viewfinder
framing subject with 11
green light in 11, 52
location of 3
troubleshooting 53
viewfinder lens 3
viewing pictures in camera 20
View Slide in Camera command (Camera
menu) 20, 49
W, X, Y
waking the camera 16
windows, closing 43
Windows-based PCs, using camera
with 61
Windows menu 50
Z
zoom views in image window 27, 47
Index 71Apple Computer, Inc.
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, California 95014-6299
408.996.1010
TLX 171-576
030-6161-A
Printed in U.S.A.
ð
Personal
LaserWriter300
User’s Guide
ðK Apple Computer, Inc.
This manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rights reserved.
Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or
part, without written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the software or to
make a backup copy of the software. The same proprietary and copyright notices must
be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original. This exception does
not allow copies to be made for others, whether or not sold, but all of the material
purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given, or loaned to another person.
Under the law, copying includes translating into another language or format.
You may use the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copies cannot be
made for this purpose.
The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other
countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes
without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and
unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws.
© Apple Computer, Inc., 1993
20525 Mariani Avenue
Cupertino, CA 95014-6299
(408) 996-1010
Apple, the Apple logo, AppleTalk, LaserWriter, and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple
Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Chicago, Finder, Geneva, GrayShare, Monaco, New York, System 7, and TrueType are
trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
Adobe, Adobe Illustrator, and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems,
Incorporated, registered in the United States. Adobe Photoshop is a trademark of
Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Helvetica, Palatino, and Times are registered trademarks of Linotype Co.
ITC Avant Garde, ITC Bookman, ITC Zapf Chancery, and ITC Zapf Dingbats are
registered trademarks of International Typeface Corporation.
MacPaint is a registered trademark of Claris Corporation.
QMS is a registered trademark, and ColorScript is a trademark, of QMS, Inc.
QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark, Inc.
Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada.
Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes
neither an endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with
regard to the performance or use of these products.Radio and television interference v
Preface About Your Personal LaserWriter 300 vii
Energy conservation mode vii
TrueType fonts viii
GrayShare viii
Sharing your printer viii
Printing grayscale viii
Chapter 1 Setting Up Your Printer 1
Choosing a location for the printer 1
Carrying the Personal LaserWriter 300 2
Important safety instructions 2
Connecting the printer to a Macintosh 3
Choosing a port 3
Installing the printer software 4
System requirements 4
Installation 5
Chapter 2 Adding Toner and Paper 7
Removing the plastic shipping restraints 7
Installing or changing a toner cartridge 8
Plugging in the printer 10
Loading the paper cassette 11
Loading 3-hole punched paper 13
Loading letterhead paper 13
Loading legal-size paper 14
Chapter 3 Printing 15
Turning on the printer 15
Choosing face-down or face-up delivery 16
Using the Chooser the first time you print 17
Defining the page setup 18
Printing a document 19
Printing paper or envelopes with the manual feed slot 20
iii
ContentsPrinting on both sides of a page 21
Sharing your printer with other users 21
Using a shared printer connected to another Macintosh 23
Controlling the use of your printer by others 24
Chapter 4 Tips and Troubleshooting 25
Safety precautions 25
Checking the printer’s status lights 27
Solving some common problems 28
About paper 37
About fonts 38
How to use different kinds of fonts 38
Use restraint when choosing fonts 39
Add emphasis and contrast 39
Be careful setting alignment and columns 40
Choose the right size 40
Find out more 40
Appendix Specifications 41
Index 43
iv ContentsImportant
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the
specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if
interference to radio or television reception is suspected.
Radio and television interference
The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can
radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and used
properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s instructions—it
may cause interference with radio and television reception.
This equipment has been tested and complies with the limits for a
Class B digital device in accordance with the speci?cations in Part
15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide
reasonable protection against such interference in a residential
installation. However, there is no guarantee that the interference
will not occur in a particular installation.
You can determine whether your computer is causing interference
by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused
by the computer or one of the peripheral devices.
If your computer system does cause interference to radio or
television reception, try to correct the interference by using one
or more of the following measures:
m Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference
stops.
m Move the computer to one side or the other of the television
or radio.
m Move the computer farther away from the television or radio.
m Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit
from the television or radio. (That is, make certain the
computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled
by different circuit breakers or fuses.)
If necessary, consult your authorized Apple dealer or an
experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions.
You may find helpful the following booklet, prepared by the
Federal Communications Commission: Interference Handbook
(stock number 004-000-00345-4). This booklet is available from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
vS Important: Changes or modifications to this product not
authorized by Apple Computer, Inc., could void the FCC
Certification and negate your authority to operate the
product.
This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions
that included the use of shielded cables and connectors
between system components. It is important that you use
shielded cables and connectors to reduce the possibility of
causing interference to radios, television sets, and other
electronic devices. For Apple peripheral devices, you can
obtain the proper shielded cables from your authorized Apple
dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices, contact the
manufacturer or dealer for assistance. S
DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not
exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital
apparatus set out in the radio interference regulations of the
Canadian Department of Communications.
Observation des normes—Classe B Le présent appareil
numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les
limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la Classe B
prescrites dans les règlements sur le brouillage radioélectrique
édictés par le Ministère des Communications du Canada.
s Warning: Making adjustments or performing procedures
other than those specified in your equipment’s manual may
result in hazardous exposure. s
s Warning: Do not attempt to disassemble the cabinet
containing the laser. The laser beam used in this product is
harmful to the eyes. The use of optical instruments, such as
magnifying lenses, with this product increases the potential
hazard to your eyes. For your safety, have this equipment
serviced only by an authorized Apple service provider. s
This printer is a Class 1 laser product. It carries a Class 1 label
underneath the printer and a service warning label inside the
printer.
Service warning label
Class 1 label
viAbout Your Personal
LaserWriter 300
The Personal LaserWriter 300 includes many features designed to
produce high-quality text and graphics and deliver the
performance of higher-priced laser printers. This preface
describes the printer’s main features:
m Energy conservation mode maintains your printer in a
standby state that conserves energy by shutting off most of
the printer’s functions when they are not in use. The printer
“wakes up” automatically when you print a document.
m TrueType fonts produce sharp characters at any size on the
screen or printer.
m GrayShare software lets you print grayscale images and
share your personal printer with other users on a network.
Energy conservation mode
One of the first things you will notice about your Personal
LaserWriter 300 is that it has no power on/off switch. This is
because it is equipped with energy conservation mode, an
automatic on/off feature that conserves energy by shutting off
most of the printer’s functions when they are not in use. The
printer remains in a standby state.
When the printer detects something to be printed, it “wakes up”
and goes to full power. After printing your document, the printer
automatically returns to standby.
As long as the Personal LaserWriter 300 is plugged in, it will be on
standby. While on standby, the Ready/In Use status light (marked
with the icon U) glows steadily. When you send the printer
something to be printed, the light will flash and you will hear a fan
come on.
The Personal LaserWriter 300 is intended to be plugged in and on
standby continuously. There is no need to unplug it, except for
maintenance or moving. The printer consumes very little energy
when it is on standby—less than 10 watts, about the same amount
as a night-light.
vii
PrefaceTrueType fonts
All fonts supplied with the LaserWriter are TrueType fonts.
TrueType is a font technology from Apple Computer that produces
sharp characters at any size on the screen or printer.
The disks provided with your LaserWriter contain many widely
used font families, including ITC Avant Garde®
, ITC Bookman®
,
Courier, Helvetica®
, Helvetica Narrow, New Century Schoolbook,
Palatino®
, and Times®
, as well as four Apple fonts—Chicago,
Geneva, Monaco, and New York—and three special-purpose fonts:
Symbol, ITC Zapf Chancery®
, and ITC Zapf Dingbats®
.
The Personal LaserWriter 300 is compatible with all font
technologies for the Macintosh, including TrueType, bitmaps, and
Type 1 fonts used with Adobe Type Manager.
See “About Fonts” in Chapter 4, “Tips and Troubleshooting,” for
more information.
GrayShare
Sharing your printer
With the GrayShare printer software provided, you can either use
the Personal LaserWriter 300 as a personal printer available to your
Macintosh only, or share the printer with additional users
connected to your network.
When you share the printer, it remains connected to your own
Macintosh. Network users can see the printer’s name and select it
in the Macintosh Chooser like any other network printer. The
documents they send to your printer are stored temporarily on
your computer’s disk and printed in the order received.
You have complete control over the shared printer. You can turn
sharing on or off at any time. You use the Print Monitor program
in your Macintosh system software to view and delete the print
jobs that have been sent to your printer. Chapter 3 provides
complete instructions about sharing.
Printing grayscale
The Personal LaserWriter 300 prints images in more than 30 levels
of gray. Grayscale printing produces finer images. Choosing
grayscale printing is explained in “Printing a Document” in
Chapter 3.
viii Preface: About Your Personal LaserWriter 300Setting Up Your Printer
This chapter tells you how to connect the printer to your
computer and install the printer software.
S Important: Do not plug the printer in at this time. After you
connect the printer to your computer, and install the printer
software, you should continue with Chapter 2, “Adding Toner
and Paper.” After you add the toner, you can plug the printer
in. Plugging the printer in before adding toner can cause a
paper jam when the printer starts up for the first time. S
Choosing a location for the printer
Choose a flat, stable surface with adequate room around the
printer as shown. The area should be well ventilated and away
from direct sunlight or sources of heat, cold, or humidity.
Allow 4 inches (10 cm) at the back of the printer for airflow.
Allow 21 inches (52 cm) at the front of the
printer to allow access to the paper cassette.
Allow space for airflow
around the vent.
1
Chapter 1Carrying the Personal LaserWriter 300
To carry the Personal LaserWriter 300, hold it firmly and level with
both hands. Holding the printer in positions other than the one
shown may cause an accident.
Place the LaserWriter on the flat, stable surface you have chosen.
s Warning: Never lift the LaserWriter by the front and rear of
the cassette, or the face-down delivery tray; otherwise, the
printer may drop and be damaged. s
Important safety instructions
Always take the following precautions:
m Protect the printer from dampness and sources of liquids.
m Don’t use devices that produce open flames, such as Bunsen
burners, near the printer.
m Don’t use alcohol-based or ammonia-based cleaners on or
around the printer.
m Clean the printer with only a damp cloth and, if necessary, a
mild soap or detergent. Be careful to avoid getting liquid in
the printer or the power cord receptacle.
Disconnect the power plug immediately if any of the following
situations occur:
m The power cord or plug is frayed or damaged.
m Liquid gets spilled on or into the printer.
m The printer needs cleaning, servicing, or repair.
s Warning: Electrical equipment may be hazardous if misused.
Operation of the printer must always be supervised by an
adult. Do not allow children access to the interior of the
printer and do not permit them to handle any cables. s
2 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your PrinterConnecting the printer to a Macintosh
To connect the printer, you need an Apple Peripheral-8 cable, part
number M0197. The Apple Peripheral-8 cable has special shielding
to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios,
television sets, and other electronic devices. If you do not have an
Apple Peripheral-8 cable, you can obtain one from an authorized
Apple dealer.
Choosing a port
Your Macintosh has a printer port (marked with the icon [) and
a modem port (marked with the icon W). You can attach the
printer cable to either of these ports.
If your computer is connected to a network, your printer port may
already be connected to a network cable. If the printer port is
unavailable, you can use the modem port.
S Important: If your computer is not connected to a network,
and you plug your printer cable into the printer port, you
must make sure that AppleTalk is inactive in the Macintosh
Chooser desk accessory. See “Using the Chooser the First
Time You Print” in Chapter 3. S
No matter which Macintosh you have,
these icons identify the printer
and modem ports.
Press the cable firmly into
this notch to secure it.
Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Printer 3Installing the printer software
Before you can print, you may need to install the software from
the disks that came with your printer. To protect the disks, it is a
good practice to lock them before use. See your Macintosh User’s
Guide for information on locking floppy disks.
v Is your software already installed? Some Macintosh
computers come with printer software already installed on the
hard disk. If your computer has the LaserWriter 300 software
already installed, you do not need to install the printer
software. v
To see if your computer already has the LaserWriter 300 software,
open the Apple (K) menu and choose the Chooser. If the
LaserWriter 300 software is on your hard disk, the LaserWriter 300
icon will appear in the Chooser.
If you see the LaserWriter 300 icon, skip this section of this book,
and go on to Chapter 2, “Adding Toner and Paper.”
System requirements
The printer software can operate on a Macintosh using System 7
with at least 2 MB of memory, or System 6.0.7 with at least 1 MB of
memory. Performance is best using System 7 with at least 4 MB of
memory, or System 6.0.7 with at least 2 MB of memory.
If your system software is an earlier version, you need to obtain a
system software upgrade from your computer or software dealer.
4 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Printer
LaserWriter 300 iconInstallation
Before you install the printer software, quit any application
programs that may be open. If you have virus protection software,
turn it off.
Then follow these steps:
1. Insert the LaserWriter 300 Install disk and open the
disk icon.
A window appears, showing the contents of the disk.
2. Drag the TeachText icon to your hard disk.
If you already have a copy of TeachText on your hard disk, you
don’t need to drag this icon.
3. Double-click the Installer icon to open it.
The Installer’s Welcome screen describes the items that will
be installed on your disk.
4. Click OK to clear the Welcome screen and display the
Easy Install dialog box.
v Installing customized printer software: These instructions
cover the Easy Install process, which is recommended for
most Macintosh users. If you click Customize before you click
Install, you can select individual items to install from the disks.
This is not recommended unless you are an experienced user
and know which items to select. v
continues .
Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Printer 55. Make sure that the disk indicated on the screen is the
one on which you want to install printer software.
If the wrong disk name appears, click Switch Disk until the
correct name appears.
6. Click Install.
If any of your system’s application programs are open, a
message appears warning you that you must quit the
applications before installing the printer software. Click
Continue to quit the applications.
Status messages inform you of progress during installation.
7. Insert additional disks when messages on your screen
request them.
8. When you see a message reporting that the installation
was successful, click Restart.
Go on to Chapter 2 to install a toner cartridge and load the
paper cassette, and then to Chapter 3 when you’re ready to
begin printing.
If you have virus protection software, turn it back on after the
installation.
v Read the ReadMe file: The ReadMe file on the LaserWriter
300 Install disk contains the latest information about your
Personal LaserWriter 300. Double-click this file to
open and read it; then choose Quit from the File menu
to close it. v
6 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your PrinterAdding Toner and Paper
This chapter tells you how to install a toner cartridge into the
printer and load paper into a cassette.
S Important: If you are setting up your Personal LaserWriter
300 for the first time, please add toner and paper before you
plug your printer into an outlet. Otherwise, a paper jam may
occur when your printer starts up. S
Removing the plastic shipping restraints
If you are installing a toner cartridge for the first time, you must
remove the two orange plastic shipping restraints from inside the
printer before you can install the cartridge.
1. Open the printer access door.
2. Remove the shipping restraints.
Press on the restraints to remove them.
If you are installing for the first time,
remove the plastic shipping restraints.
Press the release
button to open the
access door.
7
Chapter 2Installing or changing a toner cartridge
Toner is the powdered ink that produces the image on the paper.
Follow these steps to install a toner cartridge into the printer.
1. Open the printer access door.
2. If you are replacing a used cartridge, remove the old
cartridge and set it aside.
3. Unpack the new toner cartridge and gently rock it to
distribute the toner inside.
Save the protective bag. If you move or transport your printer,
you will need to remove the cartridge and transport it
separately in the bag.
Do not expose the cartridge to direct sunlight. Don’t expose it
to room light for more than five minutes, or the life of the
cartridge may be reduced.
Gently rock the toner cartridge.
Press the release button
to open the access door.
8 Chapter 2: Adding Toner and Paper4. Pull the tab to remove the tape.
s Warning: Be sure to pull the tape in the direction shown.
Don’t pull it too quickly or at too sharp an angle; otherwise,
the tape may break. s
5. Insert the cartridge into the printer.
Line up the markings on the sides of the cartridge with the
arrows in the printer.
6. With both hands, press down gently on the cartridge to
secure it in place.
7. Close the access door.
Align arrows.
Pull the tape
completely out.
Pull the tape in the direction
shown. Do not pull it to either
side or it may break.
Chapter 2: Adding Toner and Paper 9Plugging in the printer
A power cord is supplied with your printer.
Be sure the power cord is within easy reach, in case you want to
unplug the printer.
When you plug the power cord into an outlet, the Ready/In Use
light comes on.
s Warning: The Personal LaserWriter 300 is equipped with a
three-wire grounding plug—a plug that has a third
(grounding) pin. This plug fits only a grounding-type AC
outlet. If you are unable to insert the plug into an outlet,
contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a
properly grounded one. This equipment is meant to be
electrically grounded. Do not defeat the purpose of the
grounding plug! s
Press the power cord firmly
into this notch to secure it.
10 Chapter 2: Adding Toner and PaperLoading the paper cassette
The universal paper cassette supplied with your printer holds up
to 100 sheets of copier-weight bond paper. The paper size can be
U.S. Letter, A4, U.S. Legal, or Executive. For good advice on paper
quality, see Chapter 4, “Tips and Troubleshooting.”
To load the paper cassette:
1. Take the cassette out of the printer and place it on a flat
surface.
If you are loading the paper cassette for the first time, remove
the orange cardboard and plastic shipping inserts.
2. Adjust the sliding backstop in the cassette so it clicks
into the notch for the appropriate paper size.
Be sure the backstop is in one of the notches. Setting it
between notches will result in a printing error.
To change paper size, slide the paper guide in the direction of
the arrow and line up the paper guide pointer with the paper
size you want.
continues .
Adjustable paper guide
Sliding backstop
If you are installing for the
first time, turn the paper
cassette over and press both
clips to remove the plastic insert.
Chapter 2: Adding Toner and Paper 113. Insert a stack of paper that fits below the top edge of
the paper bracket inside the cassette.
4. Slide the cassette into the printer.
To remove the cassette to refill it, grasp it and pull firmly
straight out.
Push firmly to make sure
the cassette is in place.
Make sure paper fits under
the corner brackets.
Insert paper this end first.
Corner bracket
12 Chapter 2: Adding Toner and PaperLoading 3-hole punched paper
Follow the instructions for loading ordinary paper, and position
the sheets as shown below.
Loading letterhead paper
Follow the instructions for loading ordinary paper, and position
the sheets as shown below.
Insert letterhead paper face down with the top
of the page at this end of the cassette.
The holes should line up
along this side of the cassette.
Chapter 2: Adding Toner and Paper 13Loading legal-size paper
Follow the instructions for loading ordinary paper, adjusting the
sliding backstop to accommodate legal-size paper.
Slide the cassette firmly into the printer. The cassette and paper
will extend out the back of the printer.
14 Chapter 2: Adding Toner and PaperPrinting
This chapter explains how to print documents on a Personal
LaserWriter 300 connected to your own Macintosh, to share the
printer with other users on a network, and to use shared printers
connected to other computers on the network.
More printing instructions can be found in the manuals for your
applications, such as word processing programs. These programs
may include additional printing controls.
Before you use the printer, you should have installed the software
as described in Chapter 1, and installed a toner cartridge and
paper cassette as shown in Chapter 2.
Turning on the printer
One of the first things you will notice about your Personal
LaserWriter 300 is that it has no power on/off switch. As soon as
the printer is plugged into an outlet, its power is on and the
printer is in a standby state. There is no wait for the printer to
warm up.
The Personal LaserWriter 300 is equipped with an energy
conservation mode, an automatic on/off feature that conserves
energy by shutting off most of the printer’s functions when they
are not in use. The printer remains on standby.
When the printer detects something to be printed, it “wakes up”
and goes to full power. After printing your document, the printer
automatically returns to standby.
As long as the printer is plugged in, it will be on standby. While on
standby, the printer’s Ready/In Use status light (marked with the
icon U) glows steadily. When you send the printer something to
be printed, the light will flash and you will hear a fan come on.
The Personal LaserWriter 300 is intended to be plugged in and on
standby continuously. There is no need to unplug it, except for
maintenance or moving. When it is on standby the printer
consumes very little energy—less than 10 watts, about the same
amount as a night-light.
15
Chapter 3Choosing face-down or face-up delivery
You can select either face-down or face-up paper delivery with
your Personal LaserWriter 300, depending on the type of paper
you are using.
When you choose face-down delivery, paper comes out into the
delivery tray on top of the printer, face down and stacked in order.
The delivery tray can hold at least 25 sheets of standard copierweight bond paper. Face-down delivery is useful when you want
your document collated; but it is limited to plain paper only.
To select face-down delivery, set the paper delivery selector as
shown here:
In face-up delivery, paper comes out of the face-up delivery slot at
the back of the printer. Face-up delivery uses a straight paper
path, which helps to avoid paper jams and curl. Face-up delivery is
required for envelopes, transparencies, labels, and other special
papers.
If you choose face-up delivery, be sure there is enough space
behind the printer for the paper to come out.
To select face-up delivery, set the paper delivery selector as shown
here:
Set the selector for
face-up delivery.
Paper delivery selector
Set the selector for
face-down delivery.
Paper delivery selector
16 Chapter 3: PrintingUsing the Chooser the first time you print
You use the Chooser desk accessory to tell the Macintosh where
to send print jobs.
In the Chooser, you choose the port to which you connected the
Personal LaserWriter 300, and can also choose among printers
connected to your network, if any.
S Important: Once you choose the printer in the Chooser, you
won’t need to repeat this step unless you change printers or
change the way your printer is connected. S
1. Choose the Chooser from the Apple (K) menu.
2. After you choose the printer, close the Chooser.
Chapter 3: Printing 17
First click the
LaserWriter 300
icon in this box.
Then click the serial port
that you used to connect
the printer.
Click here to share the
printer over a network
or to create a log of
printed jobs. See
“Sharing Your Printer
With Other Users.”
Be sure to make
AppleTalk inactive if
your computer is not
on a network and
you connected the
printer to the printer
port (marked with
the icon [).
Background Printing lets
you use your computer
for other things while it
is printing. For details,
see the Print Monitor
instructions in your
Macintosh User’s Guide.Defining the page setup
The Page Setup command is found in the File menu of nearly all
Macintosh programs. Depending on the program you are using,
some of the options in this dialog box may change. You need to
choose Page Setup only if you want to change settings.
18 Chapter 3: Printing
Click here to reduce the image by 4%. This
makes the printed dots proportional to the
dots on your screen so there is no distortion
when you print a bitmapped image.
Click here to reduce
the margins and print
closer to the edge of
the page.
Click one of these
icons to choose
vertical or
horizontal page
orientation.
Type any size from
5% to 999% or
choose a preset
size.
Click
Options to
display the
page setup
options.
Choose from six
paper sizes: U.S.
Letter, U.S. Legal,
Executive, A4,
#10 Envelope,
and Monarch
Envelope.Printing a document
The Personal LaserWriter 300 prints your document using the
cassette or manual feed. See the next section for instructions if
you choose Manual Feed as the paper source.
1. Open the document you want to print or select its icon
in the Macintosh Finder.
2. Choose Print from the File menu.
3. Choose the appropriate settings and click Print.
After a moment, the Ready/In Use light begins to blink. Then
you will hear the fan come on. There will be a brief wait
before printing.
Chapter 3: Printing 19
To print more
than one copy,
type a number
here.
Choose from an
alert message or
a system sound
to notify you
when a print job
is finished.
Choose the paper source
from the top menu. To print
the first page on special
paper, click “First from” and
use both menus.
If you don’t want to print
all pages, click in these
boxes and type the first
and last page to print.
Click here to display
the printer’s density
control. See “The
Image Is Too Light or
Too Dark” in Chapter 4
for details.
Choose Grayscale or
Black and White
printing. If your
document contains
colors or shades of
gray, Grayscale
produces a sharper
image. Black and
White printing is
faster, but produces
a coarser image. Printing paper or envelopes with the
manual feed slot
If you want to use paper that is different from the paper in the
cassette, you can use the manual feed slot to insert sheets one at a
time as the document is printed. You can also use this slot to print
on envelopes and other nonstandard paper sizes.
1. Open the document you want to print or select its icon
in the Macintosh Finder.
2. Choose Print from the File menu.
3. In the Print dialog box, choose Manual Feed from the
Paper Source pop-up menu.
4. Click Print.
The sheet you inserted is printed. If the document has
additional pages, a message on your screen will alert you each
time a new sheet is needed. To avoid paper jams, always wait
for the prompt before inserting a new sheet.
5. Insert a sheet of paper or envelope as shown. Be sure to
keep the page straight so it feeds correctly.
Feed envelopes
flap side down.
Align along this edge.
20 Chapter 3: Printing
Choose Manual Feed.Printing on both sides of a page
Follow these steps to print a document using both sides of the
paper.
1. Print the first side of the page using manual feed or the
paper cassette.
2. Take out the printed sheet, turn it over, and print the
second side using manual feed, inserting the sheet as
shown here.
Always use manual feed for printing the second side. To avoid
jams, don’t load already printed pages into the paper cassette.
Sharing your printer with other users
If your Macintosh is connected to a network, you can set up your
printer to let other users on the network use it.
Follow these steps to turn on the printer’s sharing feature:
1. Choose the Chooser from the Apple (K) menu.
2. Click the LaserWriter 300 icon.
continues .
Top of sheet
Chapter 3: Printing 21
Click the LaserWriter
300 icon in this box.
Click the serial port to
which you connected
the printer.
Click Setup. Make AppleTalk
active.3. Make AppleTalk active if it is not already active.
4. Click Setup.
5. Click Share this Printer and enter the options for the
shared printer and in the Setup dialog box.
Background printing is automatically turned on when a
printer is shared. For details, see the Print Monitor
instructions in your Macintosh User’s Guide.
6. Click OK.
7. Close the Chooser window.
Network users can now choose your printer in their Chooser
(see the next section for details).
22 Chapter 3: Printing
Click to place an
X in this
checkbox.
Type a name for
the printer. This
is the name
other users will
see in their
own Chooser.
Type a password
if you want to
share the
printer with
only users who
know the
password.
Click to place an X here if you want to keep a
record of all print jobs. The log file (a text file) is
kept in the Printer Preferences folder in the
Preferences folder inside your System Folder.Using a shared printer connected to another
Macintosh
To print on a shared Personal LaserWriter 300, network users must
have the LaserWriter 300 driver installed on their computers,
AppleTalk must be active, and the shared printer and Macintosh
must be turned on.
Each user wanting to use the shared printer should use the
LaserWriter 300 installation disks and follow the instructions in
Chapter 1 to install the printer software.
Once the software is installed, the shared printer appears in the
list of network printers available in the Chooser desk accessory.
1. Choose the Chooser from the Apple (K) menu.
2. Click the LaserWriter 300 icon.
3. In the list of printers on the right, click the name of the
shared LaserWriter you want to use.
You can click the Get Info button in the Chooser window to
see whether any fonts in your system are unavailable on the
selected printer. If your document contains any such fonts,
printing will be slower, because information about the fonts
must be sent from your computer to the printer. (For faster
printing, use a printer on which the fonts are available, or
install the fonts on the Macintosh to which the shared printer
is connected.)
4. Close the Chooser.
Your Macintosh will now send all subsequent print jobs to the
shared printer.
Chapter 3: Printing 23
First click the
LaserWriter 300 icon.
Then click the
name of the
shared printer.Controlling the use of your printer by others
After you turn on the sharing feature, you still have complete
control over the shared printer:
m You can turn sharing on or off at any time.
m You can type a password in the Sharing Setup dialog box so
only those who know the password can use your printer.
m You can use the Print Monitor program in your Macintosh
system software to view a list of print jobs that have been sent
to your printer, and to delete any jobs in the list.
The Print Monitor program is available when you have
Background Printing turned on in the Chooser, and comes on
automatically when others use your shared printer. Refer to your
Macintosh User’s Guide for more information about the Print
Monitor program.
v Your computer’s performance: When others use your printer,
their documents are printed in the background so your work
is not interrupted. While your computer is printing in the
background, you may experience an occasional pause or other
symptoms of reduced performance. v
24 Chapter 3: PrintingTips and Troubleshooting
This chapter provides solutions to printing problems you may
encounter while using your printer.
s Warning: If you have a problem with your printer and
nothing presented in this chapter solves it, see the service and
support information that came with your printer or computer.
If you attempt to repair the printer yourself, any damage you
may cause to the printer will not be covered by the limited
warranty. s
See page 2 for additional safety information.
Safety precautions
Consider these rules of safety before you open the printer or
attempt to troubleshoot problems:
m Don’t attempt to disassemble the printer.
m Don’t use oil inside the printer.
m Don’t use ammonia-based cleaners on or around the printer.
They may react with the toner.
m Don’t use alcohol-based cleaners on or around the printer.
They may react with the plastic case.
m Don’t leave the access door open. Exposing the toner
cartridge to light may damage the cartridge.
continues .
25
Chapter 4m Don’t open the drum-protection shutter on the toner
cartridge.
m Be sure the power cord is within easy reach, should you want
to unplug the printer at any time. Since the Personal
LaserWriter 300 has no power switch, unplugging it is the only
way to turn it off.
m Never try to manually defeat the interlock switches inside the
printer.
S Important: The fixing assembly in the printer operates at
very high temperatures. When you need to open the printer,
be careful not to touch the fixing assembly. S
Some odor from the heat of the printing process is normal.
Fixing assembly.
This area gets very hot.
26 Chapter 4: Tips and TroubleshootingChecking the printer’s status lights
Always check the status lights first when a printing problem
occurs. These often tell you the cause of the problem.
m The Ready/In Use light should glow steadily whenever the
printer is on, and blink when it is printing.
m The Paper Out light is on only when there is no paper in the
cassette, or the printer is waiting for manual feed.
m The Paper Jam light is on when any obstruction occurs in the
paper path.
Paper Out light
Ready/In Use light
Paper Jam light
Chapter 4: Tips and Troubleshooting 27Solving some common problems
The Chooser doesn’t show the LaserWriter 300 icon
If the LaserWriter 300 icon is missing from the box that identifies
different printer types, you need to install the printer software
from the disks that came with your printer.
To install the software, follow the instructions in “Installing the
Printer Software” in Chapter 1. Then make sure you select the
printer, as shown in “Using the Chooser the First Time You Print,”
in Chapter 3.
The Macintosh can’t find the printer
If you have selected the printer icon in the Chooser but nothing
prints or you get a message that no printer has been found, one of
the following may be the cause:
m The printer has been unplugged. Make sure it is plugged
securely into an outlet (the green status light should be on).
m In the Chooser, you may have chosen the wrong printer or
selected the wrong serial port (the modem port instead of the
printer port, or vice versa). Select the correct Chooser options
as described in “Using the Chooser the First Time You Print,”
in Chapter 3.
m There’s a loose plug somewhere. Check to make sure that
both ends of the cable are properly connected. See Chapter 1,
“Setting Up Your Printer.”
m If you are connected to a network and are printing on a
shared Personal LaserWriter 300, check to be sure you have
chosen the correct zone in the Chooser. The Macintosh to
which the printer is connected must be turned on.
If you still can’t resolve the problem, the printer may not be
functioning properly. Contact an authorized Apple service
provider about repairs.
28 Chapter 4: Tips and Troubleshooting
If there’s no
LaserWriter 300
icon here, you
haven’t installed
the printer
software
correctly.Printing takes a long time
Printing may be slow on pages containing complex graphics or
pages printed using landscape (horizontal) orientation.
The processing speed of your computer and the amount of
memory it has directly affect printing time. A faster computer or
more memory results in faster printing.
The printer won’t print a particular page or document
If a document contains a page with very complex graphic images,
the printer may be unable to print the page. You will see a
message telling you that your printer has “insufficient memory.”
Remove some of the complex detail from that page (or spread the
information over two pages) and try again to print it. You are
more likely to experience this problem when printing legal-size
documents.
Chapter 4: Tips and Troubleshooting 29Type looks jagged or some text changes to the Geneva font
The most likely cause of this problem is that you are using a nonTrueType font.
LaserWriter 300 printers use two kinds of fonts: outline fonts and
bitmapped fonts. TrueType fonts are outline fonts. Each character
in an outline font is produced by instructions that describe its
shape. A character from an outline font can be printed smoothly
in any size you specify. Your Personal LaserWriter 300 comes with
a set of TrueType fonts (see “About Fonts,” later in this chapter).
Bitmapped fonts are fixed in shape and size: Your printer can
produce smooth bitmapped characters only in the sizes for which
it has instructions (a map of dots for each font size). If you use a
bitmapped font in a size for which your printer does not have
instructions, your system tries to create the size you want. The
resulting type can look jagged. Even a font that looks good on
your screen can look bad when printed out.
The best solution to this problem is to switch to a TrueType
version of the font you want to use. To see if you have a TrueType
version:
1. Find your Fonts on your system.
If you have System 7, version 7.1 or higher, open your System
Folder and then open your Fonts folder.
If you have an earlier version of System 7, open your System
Folder.
If you have System 6, insert your LaserWriter 300 Install disk
and double-click the Font-DA Mover.
30 Chapter 4: Tips and Troubleshooting2. Look in the list of fonts for the font you wish to use.
If it is a TrueType font, its icon will look something like this:
If it is a non-TrueType font, its icon will look like this:
If you are using System 6, you will see a list of font names in
the Font-DA Mover. If the font name has a number next to it,
then it is a non-TrueType font.
If a TrueType version of your font is available, use it in your
documents.
When your computer runs low on memory, TrueType turns itself
off and some TrueType fonts may be displayed and printed in the
Geneva font. If you’ve installed fixed-size versions of your
TrueType fonts, they will not change to Geneva, but they will look
very jagged when TrueType is turned off.
For more help with fonts, see “About Fonts,” later in this chapter.
Chapter 4: Tips and Troubleshooting 31
This number tells you
the size of the font.The printer prints on only part of the paper
Make sure you have selected the appropriate paper size in the
Page Setup dialog box.
Check the adjustment of the sliding backstop in the paper
cassette to make sure it is correct for your paper size. See
“Loading the Paper Cassette” in Chapter 2.
Paper is jammed
To avoid paper jams, make sure the paper cassette is properly
loaded with one of the recommended paper types. (See “Paper
Feeds Improperly,” next.) If you are using manual feed, be sure to
wait for the prompt before inserting a new sheet.
Paper jams are sometimes caused by moving or jarring the printer.
32 Chapter 4: Tips and TroubleshootingIf the Paper Jam status light is on, follow these steps:
1. Remove the paper cassette.
Be sure the paper is loaded correctly in the paper cassette.
The stack of paper should fit under all the corner brackets.
With the paper cassette removed, look inside the printer and
remove any jammed sheets you see.
2. Open the printer and remove the cartridge.
Look inside the printer and remove any jammed sheets you
see. Pull the sheet straight out. Avoid pulling at an angle that
might tear the paper and leave scraps inside the printer.
Replace the toner cartridge when done.
continues .
Chapter 4: Tips and Troubleshooting 333. Open the printer’s back door as shown below. Press the
paper release lever and pull the jammed sheet out
through the front.
This type of jam is often caused by an interruption in printing.
4. If the paper is wrapped around the roller, remove it as
shown below.
Press the
paper release lever.
34 Chapter 4: Tips and TroubleshootingPaper feeds improperly
If paper tears, gets skewed, or comes through the printer
crumpled, it may not be entering the printer properly.
Remove any jammed sheets from inside the printer. Remove the
paper cassette, turn the stack of paper over, and replace the
cassette (most paper has one side that prints better). It may also
help to fan the edge of the stack with your thumb, in case some of
the sheets are stuck together.
Make sure the stack of paper is loaded correctly into the paper
cassette, and fits under all the corner brackets.
Some papers cause jams because they are not intended for use
with laser printers. See “About Paper,” later in this chapter, for
advice on choosing papers.
Unwanted lines or stripes appear
If white or dark lines appear on the page, try the following:
m Remove the toner cartridge and rock it to redistribute the
toner. Be sure to hold the cartridge horizontally.
Chapter 4: Tips and Troubleshooting 35Toner stains appear on printed pages
If the printed pages are not clean, there may be a buildup of toner
on the printing rollers. If stains appear on the backs of printed
pages, you may have printed an image that is larger than the
paper, causing toner to be deposited in the paper path.
To clean the rollers, print several blank pages until the stains
disappear.
The image is too light or too dark
If printing is too light or too dark, try the following:
m Take out the toner cartridge and rock it gently to distribute
toner. If this doesn’t help, you may need to replace the
cartridge. See “Installing or Changing a Toner Cartridge” in
Chapter 2 for instructions.
m Choose Print from the File menu and click Options to display
the Print Density control.
m If the problem occurs on paper other than the recommended
copier-weight bond, the toner may not adhere well to the
paper you are using. Try using a fresh package of paper. For
advice on choosing paper for your laser printer, see “About
Paper,” next.
36 Chapter 4: Tips and Troubleshooting
Drag the slider toward the
right to darken the image.About paper
Many problems, such as toner smearing, paper curling, or paper
feeding improperly, can be caused by the paper you are using. To
assure good results, use only paper, envelopes, and transparencies
that are manufactured for use with laser printers and photocopy
machines.
Make sure any paper you use is free of tears, wrinkles, dust, and
oil stains. Paper with cutouts or perforations is not recommended.
Here is a list of papers to avoid:
m extremely slick or shiny paper
m erasable typewriter paper
m paper that is highly textured
m coated paper
m stapled paper
m envelopes that contain fasteners or snaps
m multipart forms
s Warning: Do not use paper printed using low-temperature
dyes or thermography. Such materials can peel away from the
paper or melt inside the LaserWriter and cause damage.
Colored paper can be used as long as the color is added
during the paper-making process, not after, and the color
can withstand the heat generated by the printer’s fixing
assembly (approximately 190° C or 374° F). Envelopes,
transparencies, and labels are acceptable as long as they
contain no fasteners and can withstand the heat generated
by the fixing assembly. s
The paper cassette can hold U.S. Letter, A4, U.S. Legal, and
Executive paper.
Chapter 4: Tips and Troubleshooting 37About fonts
The disks provided with your LaserWriter contain fonts from the
most widely used font families. Font families (also called
typefaces) can be classified into two groups: serif and sans serif.
The small accents at the ends of the strokes of the letters are
serifs. Fonts that do not have these accents are “sans” serifs.
How to use different kinds of fonts
Serif fonts are considered more readable than sans serif fonts. For
long passages of text, typographers generally choose serif fonts.
Sans serif fonts are used for headlines and short passages.
Your font disks contain seven serif typefaces: ITC Bookman®
,
Courier, New Century Schoolbook, Palatino®
, Times®
, Chicago,
and New York. All but Courier are commonly used for both long
passages and headlines or captions. Courier is designed to look
like output from a typewriter, and does not give a page a typeset
appearance. Times is the most commonly used typeface in the
selection, and is considered to be one of the most readable fonts.
The disks include five sans serif typefaces: ITC Avant Garde®
,
Helvetica®
, Helvetica Narrow, Geneva, and Monaco. These fonts
are appropriate for headlines, posters, and captions; they are
sometimes also used for short passages in brochures, invitations,
and so forth. Helvetica and Helvetica Narrow are the most widely
used of the sans serif typefaces in the selection. Because of its
compact width, Helvetica Narrow is also convenient for
mathematical expressions and spreadsheets.
Your font disks also contain three special-purpose fonts: Symbol,
ITC Zapf Chancery®
, and ITC Zapf Dingbats®
. Symbol is handy for
technical documents that contain equations and formulas. Zapf
Chancery is highly decorative, and is useful for invitations,
diplomas, and the like. Zapf Dingbats contains arrows, pointing
fingers, small pictures (icons), and other symbols for decorating
and illustrating your documents.
38 Chapter 4: Tips and Troubleshooting
T T
Serif Sans SerifUse restraint when choosing fonts
A good rule of thumb to use when choosing fonts for your
documents is: Avoid using more than two font families on the
same page.
It is fine to use several sizes and styles (such as bold or italic) of
the same font family on the same page. Using too many font
families on the same page gives your document a “ransom note”
appearance. A good combination is one sans serif font for your
headings and one serif font for your body text. Avoid combining
two serif or two sans serif font families on a page.
The two-font family rule does not apply to the Symbol and ITC
Zapf Dingbats®
fonts: You can add these as needed in addition to
the regular fonts you have chosen.
Add emphasis and contrast
To add emphasis and contrast to your documents, use bold, italic,
and, occasionally, all caps.
Don’t underline unless there is a special purpose for it, as in a
formula or equation. Underlining is a throwback to the typewriter
and gives your document an unprofessional look.
Italics is the best choice for putting emphasis on passages within
your body text. It is also useful for book titles and foreign phrases.
Bold is best used for headings. Type set in bold looks important
and authoritative. Using all caps has a similar effect. Use type set
in all caps sparingly, however, because it is very difficult to read.
Don’t use outline or shadow styles except for decoration on
posters, in logos, and similar pieces.
Chapter 4: Tips and Troubleshooting 39Be careful setting alignment and columns
Properly aligning your text can enhance or detract from your
document’s readability. One of the most common mistakes is to
set a document in many narrow columns, with full justification
(text lined up on the left and right). This allows for only a few
words per line, and “darkens” a page by eliminating the white
space around the edges of the text.
Flush-left alignment with a ragged right edge lends an informal
feeling, and is generally considered to be the most readable of
settings.
Centering is useful for formal announcements or invitations, but
avoid centering long passages.
Choose the right size
Use 9- to 12-point type for long passages of body text. Smaller
sizes can be very difficult to read. Note, however, that different
typefaces of the same point size vary in “visual size”: 9-point
Helvetica looks larger than 9-point Times.
Find out more
There are many excellent sources to help you produce
professional-looking documents. Look for books and magazines
on desktop publishing, graphic design, and typography.
40 Chapter 4: Tips and Troubleshooting41
Specifications
Print quality
m 300 dots per inch for text and graphics
Printer RAM
m 512K of RAM
Printer fonts
m Standard TrueType font families. The Personal LaserWriter 300
can support additional fonts from Apple and from other
suppliers.
Speed
m Four pages per minute maximum. Actual speed depends on
the images printed and the computer used.
Interface
m Serial, externally clocked
Life expectancy
m Minimum life expectancy is 150,000 pages, with no monthly
page limit.
Paper feed
m Automatic feed from paper cassette; manual feed for single
sheets
Printing materials
Apple recommends 20-lb. photocopy bond (75 g/m
2
). You can use
16-lb. (64 g/m
2
) to 28-lb. (105 g/m
2
) paper with manual feed; the
paper cassette accepts 16-lb. (64 g/m
2
) to 24-lb. (90 g/m
2
) paper.
Accepts most letterhead and colored stock, and medium-weight
laser printer transparencies. Print labels using manual feed. Use
envelopes recommended for laser printers. Print envelopes,
transparencies, and other special media using manual feed and
face-up delivery.
Paper sizes and capacity
The paper cassette can hold up to 100 sheets of U.S. Letter, U.S.
Legal, A4, and Executive paper sizes.
Imageable area
m Maximum printable line: 203 mm (8.00 in.)
m Minimum top and bottom margins: 6.35 mm (0.25 in.)
m Minimum left and right margins: 6.35 mm (0.25 in.)
Actual imageable area may vary depending on the application
program.
AppendixDimensions
m Height: 16.1 cm (6.3 in.)
m Width: 38.5 cm (15.2 in.)
m Depth: 37.9 cm (14.9 in.)
Weight
m 7 kg (15.4 lb.) not including cartridge
Operating environment
Temperature
m 50° to 90.5° F (10° to 32.5° C)
Humidity
m 20 to 80 percent, noncondensing
Toner cartridge storage environment
m 32° to 95° F (0° to 35° C)
Input electrical requirements
U.S./Japan
m 100–120 V (±10%), 50–60 Hz (±2 Hz)
Europe/Australia
m 220–240 V (±10%), 50 Hz (±2 Hz)
Power consumption
Operating
m 450 W maximum at 115 V or 220 V
Standby
m 10 W or less
Ozone emission
m Less than 0.05 parts per million maximum, measured in
accordance with ECMA 129 or UL114 standards for ozone
density measurement
Laser Specifications
m Type: Anode Common Type
m Wavelength: 775–795 nm
m Output power: 5 MW
42 Appendix: SpecificationsA
alert message, choosing 19
alignment, design tips 40
Apple Peripheral-8 cable 3
AppleTalk, setting up printer for 21–22
Avant Garde®
font 38
B
background printing
on network 22, 24
setting up in Choose 17
bitmapped fonts
Page Setup for 18
TrueType fonts vs. 30
Black and White printing, choosing 19
bold font, using 39
Bookman®
font 38
C
cable
checking 28
connecting to printer port 3
carrying the printer 2
cassette feed, printing with 19. See also paper
cassette
centering 40
changing toner cartridge 8–9
Chicago font 38
Chooser
LaserWriter 300 icon missing from 28
printer problems and 28
setting up printer in 17
setting up for network in 21–23
cleaning the printer 2, 25
colored paper 37
columns, design tips 40
connecting the printer 3
Courier font 38
customized software, installing 5–6
D
density control, displaying 19, 36
design tips 39, 40
E
Easy Install dialog box 5
electrical requirements 42
energy conservation mode vii, 15
envelopes
acceptable types of 37
face-up delivery required for 16
printing 20
environmental requirements 42
F
fixing assembly caution 26
font families 38
combining 39
fonts
about 38–40
adding emphasis or contrast with 39
choosing 38–39
finding 30–31
jagged type problems 30–31
mixing types of 39
shared printer and 23
sizes 40
TrueType viii
TrueType vs. bitmapped 30
43
IndexG
Geneva font 38
TrueType fonts printed as 31
graphics, print speed and 29
grayscale printing viii
choosing 19
GrayShare software viii
H
Helvetica®
font 38
Helvetica Narrow font 38
horizontal page orientation
choosing 18
print speed and 29
I
icons
font 31
Installer 5
LaserWriter 300 4
printer and modem port 3
Installer icon 5
installing paper cassette 11–12
installing printer software 4–6
installing toner cartridge 7–9
“insufficient memory” message 29
italic font, using 39
ITC Avant Garde font®
38
ITC Bookman®
font 38
ITC Zapf Chancery®
font 38
ITC Zapf Dingbats®
font 38, 39
J, K
jagged type problems 30–31
L
labels
acceptable types of 37
face-up delivery required for 16
landscape orientation. See horizontal page
orientation
laser specifications 42
LaserWriter 300 icon 4
missing from Chooser 28
legal-size paper
“insufficient memory” message with 29
loading 14
letterhead paper, loading 13
location for printer 1
log file, for shared printer 22
M
Macintosh computer, connecting to 3
maintenance, safety precaution vi, 2, 25–26.
See also troubleshooting
manual feed, printing with 20
paper jam and 32
on second side 21
margins
design tips 40
imageable area 41
reducing 18
memory capacity
print speed and 29
TrueType fonts and 31
modem port 3
modem port icon 3
Monaco font 38
multiple copies, printing 19
N
network
connecting printer on 3
GrayShare software for viii
setting up in Chooser 17
sharing printer on 21–24
New Century Schoolbook font 38
New York font 38
O
operating environment 42
ozone emission 42
P, Q
page orientation, choosing 18
Page Setup
defining 18
design tips 40
Palatino®
font 38
44 Indexpaper
about 37
face-down vs. face-up delivery 16
feeding improperly 35
jammed 32–34
loading 13–14
Page Setup options 18
printing both sides of 21
printing on only part of 32
printing too light or dark on 36
sizes and types 11, 18, 37, 41
status lights 27
unwanted lines or stripes on 35
paper cassette
capacity 41
loading 11–12
printing with 19
removing 12
removing paper jam from 33
paper delivery selector 16
paper jams 32–34
Paper Jam status light 27
Paper Out status light 27
paper release lever 34
password, for shared printer 22, 24
plugging in the printer 10
portrait (vertical page) orientation,
choosing 18
ports 3
setting up in Chooser 17
power consumption 42
power cord, plugging in 10
Print Density control 36
Print dialog box 19, 20
printer icon. See LaserWriter 300 icon
printer port
connecting to 3
setting up in Chooser 17
printer port icon 3
printing 15–24
on both sides of page 21
with cassette feed 19
Chooser setup for 17
face-down vs. face-up delivery 16
with manual feed 20
Page Setup options 18
problems. See troubleshooting
“turning on” printer 15
Print Monitor program, controlling printer
with 24
problems. See troubleshooting
R
radio interference vii
cable for preventing 3
ReadMe file 6
Ready/In Use status light vii, 15
reducing printed image 18
roller
cleaning toner from 36
paper wrapped around 34
S
safety precautions vi, 2
grounding plug 10
troubleshooting and 25–26
sans serif fonts 38
selected pages, printing 19
serial port, setting up in Chooser 17
serif fonts 38
setup 1–6
carrying the printer 2
in Chooser 17
connecting to Macintosh 3
face-down vs. face-up delivery 16
installing software 4–6
installing toner cartridge 7–9
loading paper cassette 11–12
location options 1
Page Setup 18
plugging in printer 10
for printer sharing 21–24
safety precautions 2
turning on printer 15
shared printer
controlling 24
setup for 21–23
shipping restraints, removing 7
software
GrayShare viii
installing 4–6
preinstalled 4
TrueType fonts viii
Index 45specifications 41–42
standby status vii, 15
status lights
Paper Jam 27
Paper Out 27
Ready/In Use vii, 15, 27
Symbol font 38, 39
system software
fonts and 30, 31
requirements 4
T
television interference v–vi
cable for preventing 3
3-hole punched paper, loading 13
Times®
font 38
toner 8
pages stained with 36
redistributing 35, 36
toner cartridge
changing 8–9
installing 7–9
transparencies, face-up delivery required
for 16
troubleshooting 28–36
“insufficient memory” message 29
jagged type 30–31
LaserWriter 300 icon missing 28
paper feed problems 35
paper types to avoid 37
printing on only part of paper 32
printing too light or dark 36
printing too slow 29
safety precautions 25–26
toner stains on page 36
unwanted lines or stripes on page 35
warranty caution 25
TrueType fonts viii
bitmapped fonts vs. 30
finding 30–31
turning off the printer 26
turning on printer 15
typefaces. See fonts
U
underlining 39
V
vertical page orientation, choosing 18
W, X, Y
warranty caution 25
Z
Zapf Chancery®
font 38
Zapf Dingbats®
font 38, 39
46 IndexApple Computer, Inc.
20525 Mariani Avenue
Cupertino, California 95014-6299
(408) 996-1010
TLX 171-576
030-3858-A
Printed in U.S.A.
MASTER ART FOR BLACK LOGO
Cinema Tools 4
Manuel de
l’utilisateurK Apple Inc.
© 2007 Apple Inc. Tous droits réservés.
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Le logo Apple est une marque d’Apple Inc., déposée
aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays. En l’absence du
consentement écrit préalable d’Apple, l’utilisation à des
fins commerciales de ce logo via le clavier (Option + 1)
pourra constituer un acte de contrefaçon et/ou de concurrence déloyale.
Tout a été mis en œuvre pour que les informations pré-
sentées dans ce manuel soient exactes. Apple n’est pas
responsable des erreurs de reproduction et d’impression.
Remarque : comme Apple publie fréquemment de nouvelles versions et des mises à jour de son logiciel système, de ses applications et de ses sites Internet, il se
peut que les images incluses dans cet ouvrage soient
légèrement différentes de ce qui apparaît à l’écran.
Apple Inc.
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 950142084
408-996-1010
www.apple.com
Apple, le logo Apple, Final Cut, Final Cut Pro,
Final Cut Studio, FireWire, Mac, Mac OS, Monaco et
QuickTime sont des marques d’Apple Inc., déposées
aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays.
Cinema Tools, Finder et OfflineRT sont des marques
d’Apple Inc.
AppleCare et Apple Store sont des marques de service
d’Apple Inc., déposée aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays.
Les autres noms de produits et de sociétés sont la propriété de leurs détenteurs respectifs. Les produits commercialisés par des entreprises tierces ne sont mentionnés que
pour information, sans aucune intention de préconisation
ni de recommandation. Apple décline toute responsabilité
quant à l’utilisation et au fonctionnement de ces produits.
Les photos de production du film « Koffee House
Mayhem » sont utilisées avec l’aimable autorisation
de Jean-Paul Bonjour. « Koffee House Mayhem »
© 2004 Jean-Paul Bonjour. Tous droits réservés.
http://www.jbonjour.com
Les photos de production du film « A Sus Ordenes » sont
utilisées avec l’aimable autorisation d’Eric Escobar. « A Sus
Ordenes » © 2004 Eric Escobar. Tous droits réservés.
http://www.kontentfilms.com 3
1 Table des matières
Préface 7 Introduction à Cinema Tools
8 Montage numérique de film
10 Pourquoi la vidéo 24P ?
10 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
11 Montage offline et online
11 À propos de ce manuel
12 Sites Web Apple
Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Chapitre 1 17 Avant de commencer votre projet
17 Avant de tourner votre film
18 Choix du film à utiliser
19 Transfert du film sur bande vidéo
19 Télécinéma
20 Techniques de transfert déconseillées
21 Quelle quantité de données faut-il transférer ?
23 Infos générales sur la vitesse de défilement des images
23 Utilisation de la vidéo NTSC
25 Utilisation de la vidéo PAL
26 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
27 Prise en compte du timecode
30 À propos du son
30 Choix d’un enregistreur audio
30 Choix d’un format de timecode audio
31 Mixage de l’audio final
32 Synchronisation de l’audio et de la vidéo
34 Utilisation de Final Cut Pro
34 Réglage de la base temps des séquences
34 Sortie sur bande lors d’un montage à 24 ips
35 Utilisation d’effets4 Table des matières
Chapitre 2 37 Le flux de production de Cinema Tools
37 Étapes fondamentales du flux de production
37 Création de la base de données Cinema Tools
41 Capture des plans sources
45 Connexion des plans à la base de données
45 Préparation des plans pour le montage
46 Montage des plans dans Final Cut Pro
46 Génération de listes de film et de listes des modifications dans Cinema Tools
47 Cinema Tools Exemples de flux de production
47 Jusqu’où peut-on aller dans Final Cut Pro ?
49 Si vous avez utilisé des transferts scene-and-take
50 Si vous avez utilisé des transferts camera-roll
Chapitre 3 53 L’interface utilisateur de Cinema Tools
53 Cinema Tools Fenêtres et zones de dialogues
64 Les zones de dialogues disponibles dans Final Cut Pro et Cinema Tools
Chapitre 4 69 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools
71 Choix du mode de création de la base de données
71 Réalisation de la capture avant la création de la base de données
71 Si vous disposez d’une liste télécinéma ou d’un fichier ALE
72 Si vous ne disposez pas d’une liste télécinéma ou d’un fichier ALE
74 Autres usages de la base de données
74 Création et configuration d’une nouvelle base de données
74 Création d’une nouvelle base de données à l’aide de Cinema Tools
75 Création d’une nouvelle base de données à l’aide de Final Cut Pro
77 Réglages de la zone de dialogue Nouvelle base de donées
80 Utilisation de la base de données
80 Ouvrir une base de données existante
80 Recherche et ouverture d’enregistrements de base de donnée
84 Sauvegarde, copie, renommage et verrouillage de bases de données
84 Accès à des informations sur un plan source
85 Saisie d’informations dans la base de données
85 Importation des informations de la base de données
91 Saisie manuelle des informations de base de données
102 Utilisation de la fonction Identify pour saisir et calculer des informations de base de
données
104 Modification d’informations dans la base de données
105 Suppression d’un enregistrement de la base de données
105 Changement de l’affiche d’un plan
106 Modification des réglages de base de données par défaut
107 Modification de tous les identifiants de bobine ou de bande
108 Vérification et correction de numéros de code de bordure de timecodeTable des matières 5
Chapitre 5 111 Capture des plans sources et création d’un lien avec la base de données
111 Préparation de la capture
112 Comment éviter les pertes d’images
113 Configuration de votre matériel afin de capturer un timecode exact
114 Avant de capturer de l’audio
115 Génération d’une liste de capture par lot dans Cinema Tools
121 Ce qu’il faut savoir avant de capturer des plans individuellement
121 Connexion des plans sources capturés à la base de données
123 Utilisation de la commande Connect Clips pour connecter des plans sources
124 Utilisation de la fenêtre Detail View pour connecter et déconnecter des plans sources
125 Utilisation de la fenêtre Clip pour connecter ou déconnecter des plans source
126 Réparation des liens rompus entre les plans et les enregistrements
127 Reconnexion de plans individuels ayant été renommés ou déplacés
127 Détection des liens rompus et reconnexion de groupes de plans ayant été déplacés
Chapitre 6 129 Préparation des plans sources pour le montage
129 Choix d’une méthode de préparation des plans sources en vue du montage
131 Utilisation de la fonction de conformation
133 Inversion du pulldown télécinéma
145 Ajustements de la vitesse audio
146 Synchronisation séparée de l’audio et de la vidéo capturés
147 Division ou suppression de sections de plans sources avant le montage
Chapitre 7 151 Montage dans Final Cut Pro
151 À propos des configurations simplifiées et du paramétrage de la base temps
153 Utilisation de vidéo à 25 ips conformée à 24 ips
154 Affichage d’informations relatives au film dans Final Cut Pro
159 Ouverture de plans Final Cut Pro dans Cinema Tools
159 Restrictions concernant l’utilisation de pistes multiples
160 Utilisation d’effets, de filtres et de transitions
165 Détection des usages multiples des plans sources
166 Exactitude des listes de conformation lors du montage
de vidéo pulldown 3:2 ou 24 & 1
Chapitre 8 167 Création de listes de film et de listes de modification
168 Sélection du format de liste
169 Listes que vous pouvez exporter
174 Exportation de listes de film à l’aide de Final Cut Pro
182 Création de listes de modification
Chapitre 9 191 Observations à propos de l’exportation et création de listes EDL audio
192 Observations à propos de l’exportation sur bande vidéo
192 Observations à propos de l’exportation audio
193 Exportation d’une liste EDL audio6 Table des matières
Chapitre 10 199 Utilisation de fichiers EDL, XML et ALE externes
199 Création de listes de film basées sur une liste EDL ou
un fichier XML
204 Utilisation de fichiers ALE
Partie II Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
Chapitre 11 209 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P et de listes EDL 24 ips
210 Éléments à prendre en compte lors de la création sur film
211 Montage de vidéo 24P avec Final Cut Pro
211 Utilisation du même système Final Cut Pro pour le montage 24p offline et online
212 Utilisation de la vidéo 24p avec Final Cut Pro et Cinema Tools
213 Utilisation de Final Cut Pro comme système de montage 24p online
214 Utilisation de Final Cut Pro comme système de montage offline 24P
218 Ajout et suppression du pulldown dans les plans 24P
219 Utilisation du pulldown 2:3:3:2
220 Suppression de pulldown 2:3:3:2 avec Final Cut Pro
221 Suppression de pulldown 2:3:3:2 ou 2:3:2:3 avec Cinema Tools
225 Modèles de pulldown applicables à la vidéo 23,98 ips
227 Ajout d’un pulldown à une vidéo de 23,98 ips
227 Utilisation de listes EDL audio pour le son à deux systèmes
Partie III Annexes
Annexe A 231 Principes généraux
231 Notions élémentaires sur le film
237 Montage selon les méthodes traditionnelles
239 Montage à l’aide des méthodes numériques
Annexe B 245 Création de listes de films avec Cinema Tools
246 À propos de la méthode basée sur les plans
247 À propos de la méthode basée sur le timecode
Annexe C 249 Solutions aux problèmes
fréquents et assistance client
249 Solutions aux problèmes fréquents
252 Contact de l’assistance AppleCare
Glossaire 253
Index 263 7
Préface
Introduction à Cinema Tools
Cinema Tools associé à Final Cut Pro est une solution qui
apporte des possibilités sans précédent aux professionnels
du montage de film et de vidéo 24p.
Aujourd’hui, dans la postproduction, les monteurs et les réalisateurs se trouvent souvent
confrontés à une multitude de formats, de fréquences d’images et de flux de production
au sein du même projet. Un projet est souvent tourné, monté et sorti dans des formats
totalement différents à chaque étape de la production. Pour les monteurs et les réalisateurs qui souhaitent tourner et finaliser sur film, Cinema Tools devient un composant
essentiel du processus de postproduction lors du montage avec Final Cut Pro, en permettant de monter de la vidéo transférée à partir d’un film et de faire le suivi des opérations
de montage numérique dans le but de pouvoir conformer ensuite les copies de travail
et les coupes au négatif de caméra original.
Par exemple, lorsque vous travaillez sur pellicule il est nécessaire de suivre la correspondance entre les images de la pellicule d’origine et leur contrepartie vidéo. Cinema Tools
exploite une base de données sophistiquée qui suit et assure cette correspondance
quel que soit le standard vidéo que vous utilisez, ce qui garantit que le film peut être
conformé pour refléter votre montage dans Final Cut Pro.
Vous pouvez aussi convertir les plans vidéo capturés en vidéo à 24 images par seconde
(ips). Pour le format NTSC, cela inclut une fonction de télécinéma inversé qui élimine les
images supplémentaires ajoutées durant le procédé de pulldown 3:2 couramment utilisé
pour le transfert du film sur bande vidéo ou pour convertir à la baisse de la vidéo 24P.
Cinema Tools, en combinaison avec Final Cut Pro, propose des outils conçus pour rendre
le montage numérique de films et l’utilisation de la vidéo 24p plus faciles et moins chers,
en offrant des fonctionnalités que l’on ne trouvait, jusque là, que dans des systèmes de
montage haut de gamme ou très spécialisés.
L’intégration entre Cinema Tools et Final Cut Pro permet d’effectuer les tâches les plus
courantes de Cinema Tools directement à partir de Final Cut Pro, Cinema Tools effectuant
les tâches automatiquement en arrière-plan.8 Préface Introduction à Cinema Tools
Montage numérique de film
La technologie informatique est en train de bouleverser le processus de création ciné-
matographique. De nos jours, la grande majorité des longs métrages sont montés
numériquement, sur des systèmes de montage non linéaires de haute technologie et
très coûteux, conçus à cet effet. Jusqu’à il y a peu, ce type d’outil n’était pas disponible
pour les réalisateurs disposant d’un budget limité.
Cinema Tools complète Final Cut Pro en lui apportant les fonctionnalités de systèmes
professionnels coûtant beaucoup plus cher, et ce à un prix abordable pour tous les réalisateurs. Si vous tournez en 35 mm ou en 16 mm et souhaitez faire un montage numé-
rique et une finalisation sur film, Cinema Tools vous permet de monter les transferts
vidéo provenant de votre film à l’aide de Final Cut Pro, puis de produire une liste de
conformation précise pouvant être utilisée pour la finalisation du film.
Même si vous ne prévoyez pas de conformer le négatif de caméra original, sachez que
Cinema Tools fournit une grande variété d’outils pour la capture et le traitement de la
vidéo de votre film.
En quoi Cinema Tools est-il utile pour le montage d’un film ?
Pour beaucoup, la pellicule constitue encore le meilleur support de capture d’images.
Si votre objectif consiste à sortir votre film en salle ou à le projeter lors d’un festival,
vous devrez disposer de l’œuvre finale sur pellicule. L’utilisation de Final Cut Pro avec
Cinema Tools ne change pas le processus d’exposition de la pellicule dans la caméra
ni la projection du film dans une salle de cinéma ; c’est toutes les opérations situées
entre ces deux activités qui peuvent profiter des avancées technologiques.
Le montage d’un film, de façon classique, c’est découper et coller bout à bout des morceaux de pellicule pour réaliser une copie de travail du film, une opération longue et fastidieuse et qui avait tendance à décourager l’expérimentation avec des versions de scène
alternatives. Le transfert de la pellicule sur vidéo rend possible l’utilisation d’un système
de montage non linéaire pour le montage de votre projet. La souplesse de ces systèmes
simplifie l’assemblage de chaque scène et vous offre la possibilité d’essayer plusieurs
options de montage. Le montage final vidéo n’est généralement pas utilisé, ce sont les
décisions de montage prises qui comptent vraiment. Elles constituent les informations
nécessaires pour couper et coller (conformation) le négatif original afin d’aboutir au film
final. La difficulté est de faire correspondre le timecode des raccords vidéo au numéros de
bord du négatif, afin qu’un monteur négatif puisse créer sur pellicule une version précise
du montage vidéo.Préface Introduction à Cinema Tools 9
Voilà où Cinema Tools entre en jeu. Cinema Tools effectue un suivi de la correspondance
entre le négatif original de la caméra et le transfert vidéo. Une fois que le montage dans
Final Cut Pro est fini, vous pouvez utiliser Cinema Tools pour générer une liste de conformation basée sur les coupes que vous avez faites. Armé de cette liste, un monteur négatif peut transformer le négatif original de la caméra en film abouti.
Si des projections et des modifications de la copie de travail font partie de votre processus
de production, vous pouvez également utiliser Cinema Tools pour créer des listes de modification décrivant les changements à réaliser sur la copie de travail afin qu’elle corresponde
à la nouvelle version de la séquence montée dans Final Cut Pro.
Quelles sont les tâches prises en charge par Cinema Tools
Cinema Tools assure le suivi de tous les éléments qui contribuent à la réalisation de l’œuvre
finale. Il « connaît » la correspondance entre le négatif original, les bandes vidéo transfé-
rées et les plans vidéo capturés sur l’ordinateur de montage. Il collabore avec Final Cut Pro
pour stocker des informations sur la façon dont les plans vidéo sont utilisés et génère la
liste de conformation nécessaire pour transformer le négatif de caméra original en film
monté final.
Cinema Tools contrôle aussi la présence ou l’absence de problèmes pouvant se poser
dans le cadre de l’utilisation de Final Cut Pro, le plus courant étant la présence de doublons de plans sources : un plan (ou une partie de plan) utilisé plusieurs fois. Outre la
création de listes d’éléments dupliqués, vous pouvez utiliser Cinema Tools pour géné-
rer d’autres listes, telles qu’une liste traitant des effets d’optique, c’est-à-dire des emplacement des transitions, effets de mouvement (vidéo à une vitesse de défilement
différente de la vitesse normale) et titres.
Cinema Tools peut aussi travailler sur le son, en relevant la relation entre l’audio utilisé
dans Final Cut Pro et les sources sonores originales. Il est possible d’utiliser l’audio monté
provenant de Final Cut Pro pour créer une liste EDL (pour l’anglais Edit Decision List) et
de traiter (ou de finaliser) l’audio dans un studio de postproduction audio spécialisé.
Il est important de garder à l’esprit que vous n’utilisez Final Cut Pro que pour prendre
les décisions de montage ; on ne tire en général pas de copie vidéo à partir de ce travail, puisque la vidéo de travail est en général compressée et assortie de timecode
gravé (fenêtre d’affichage) et d’informations sur le film. C’est la cut list basée sur le
montage, que Cinema Tools permet de générer, qui constitue l’objectif principal.
Tournage
du film
Conversion
du film
en vidéo
Conformation
du négatif
original
Montage dans Final Cut Pro
avec Cinema Tools Cut list
Négatif original Création
de copies
d’exploitation10 Préface Introduction à Cinema Tools
Pourquoi la vidéo 24P ?
La prolifération des normes vidéo haute définition (HD) et la volonté de diffuser des contenus vidéo dans le monde entier ont créé une demande pour une norme vidéo qui puisse
être convertie facilement vers toutes les autres normes. Par ailleurs, une norme facilement
convertible en film et offrant une méthode aisée et de haute qualité pour la création et le
montage vidéo avant la finalisation sur film, s’avère nécessaire.
La vidéo 24p permet tout cela. Elle utilise la même vitesse de défilement de 24 ips que
les films, ce qui permet de tirer parti des dispositifs de conversion existants pour créer
des versions NTSC et PAL de votre projet. Elle utilise le balayage progressif pour créer
une sortie convenant à la projection sur grand écran et la conversion en film.
De plus, la vidéo 24p permet de produire des transfert télécinéma 24 ips de haute qualité
à partir d’un film. Ceux-ci sont particulièrement utiles si vous comptez diffuser le produit
finalisé selon différents standard TV.
Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
Avec l’apparition des enregistreurs vidéo 24p HD, il est de plus en plus nécessaire que
Final Cut Pro prenne en charge plusieurs aspects du montage 24 ips (dans certains cas,
il s’agit en réalité d’un montage 23,98 ips). Pour cela, Final Cut Pro et Cinema Tools proposent les fonctions suivantes :
 L’importation et l’exportation de listes EDL 24 ips et 23,98 ips.
 La possibilité de convertir des listes EDL 29,97 ips NTSC en 23,98 ips ou en listes
EDL 24 ips.
 Une fonction de télécinéma inversé permettant d’annuler le pulldown 3:2 utilisé lors
de la conversion de pellicule ou de vidéo 24 ips en format NTSC 29,97 ips.
 La possibilité de supprimer le pulldown 2:3:3:2 ou 2:3:2:3 de fichier de données NTSC
afin de pouvoir monter à 24 ips ou 23,98 ips.
 La possibilité de sortir de la vidéo 23,98 ips via FireWire au format NTSC de 29,97 ips.
 La possibilité de mettre en correspondance les coupes d’audio dans une bande vidéo
avec les bandes audio de production originales et de générer une liste EDL audio
pouvant être utilisée pour recapturer et finaliser l’audio si l’on prévoit de le recapturer ailleurs pour le traitement final.
Plusieurs des fonctionnalités mentionnées ci-avant figurent dans Final Cut Pro et ne
requièrent pas Cinema Tools. Ces fonctionnalités sont toutefois décrites dans le présent
manuel parce qu’elles concernent l’utilisation de la vidéo 24p, ce qui intéresse particuliè-
rement de nombreux réalisateurs. Consultez la section « Infos générales sur la vitesse de
défilement des images » à la page 23 pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation des différentes
fréquences d’images.Préface Introduction à Cinema Tools 11
Montage offline et online
Si vous utilisez un format 24p haute résolution, comme, par exemple, la vidéo HD non
compressée, vous voudrez peut-être réaliser des copies basse résolution de votre métrage
pour économiser l’espace disque et la puissance de calcul de votre ordinateur. Dans ce cas,
le processus de montage comporte quatre grandes étapes :
 Production (génération de la vidéo maîtresse) : transfert ou tournage du film en
vidéo HD 24p sans compression.
 Montage offline : conversion du métrage en vidéo NTSC ou PAL (d’une résolution
généralement inférieure à 24p) et montage.
 Compatibilité de formats : exportation d’un projet Final Cut Pro ou d’une liste EDL
contenant vos décisions de montage finales.
 Montage online : remplacement du métrage basse résolution et création d’une
bande originale en pleine résolution.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Montage de vidéo 24P avec Final Cut Pro » à
la page 211.
À propos de ce manuel
Le présent manuel ne documente pas seulement tous les aspects de l’utilisation
de l’application Cinema Tools, mais aussi les fonctions liées de Final Cut Pro.
Ce manuel est un document PDF avec hyperliens et doté de nombreuses fonctions
qui facilitent l’obtention des informations que vous recherchez.
 La page d’entrée donne un accès rapide à diverses fonctionnalités, y compris à l’index
et au site web de Cinema Tools.
 Une liste de signets complète vous permet de choisir ce que vous souhaitez voir
en un instant, simplement en cliquant sur le lien.
 Tous les renvois du texte sont reliés. Vous pouvez cliquer sur n’importe quel renvoi
afin d’y accéder immédiatement. Vous pouvez ensuite utiliser le bouton Précédent
de la barre de navigation pour revenir à l’endroit où vous vous trouviez avant de cliquer sur le renvoi.
 La table des matières et l’index sont également reliés. Si vous cliquez sur une entrée
de l’une de ces deux sections, vous passez directement à la page concernée.
Source du
master 24P
Capture
de vidéo
Montage
online (24 ips)
Montage
de plans
Liste EDL
24 ips
Vidéo NTSC
ou PAL
Vidéo 24P
Conversion
en 24 ips
Final Cut Pro avec Cinema Tools
(montage offline)
Master 24P
monté12 Préface Introduction à Cinema Tools
 Vous pouvez aussi utiliser le champ de recherche pour rechercher un terme ou
une expression particulière.
Ce manuel vous présente des informations conceptuelles de fond, des instructions
étape par étape et un glossaire spécialisé. Il est conçu pour fournir les informations
dont vous avez besoin pour commencer à travailler sans tarder et tirer pleinement parti
des riches fonctionnalités de Cinema Tools.
 Si vous souhaitez commencer par quelques informations élémentaires sur la comparaison entre le montage traditionnel et le montage numérique, consultez l’annexe A,
« Principes généraux », à la page 231.
 Pour obtenir des informations détaillées sur l’utilisation de Cinema Tools, ainsi que
des remarques préliminaires sur la planification d’un projet, consultez la première
partie intitulée « Utilisation de Cinema Tools, » ci-après.
 Si vous êtes intéressé par l’utilisation conjointe de Final Cut Pro et Cinema Tools
pour le traitement de la vidéo 24P, consultez la deuxième partie intitulée « Utilisation
de la vidéo 24P » à la page 207.
Remarque : ce manuel ne prétend pas être un guide complet sur l’art de faire un film.
La plupart des informations sur la réalisation de films présentées ici sont de nature très
générale et sont fournies pour contextualiser la terminologie utilisée pour décrire les
fonctions de Cinema Tools.
Sites Web Apple
Plusieurs sites web Apple contiennent des informations destinées à vous aider à profiter
pleinement de la puissance de Cinema Tools et de votre système Apple.
Site Web de Cinema Tools
Pour des informations et des mises à jour générales ainsi que pour les dernières nouvelles
sur Cinema Tools, visitez le site web suivant :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/finalcutstudio/finalcutpro/cinematools.html
Site Web Apple Service et Support
Pour des mises à jour logicielles et des réponses aux questions les plus fréquemment
posées sur tous les produits Apple, y compris Cinema Tools, visitez ce site web :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/support
Vous aurez également accès aux caractéristiques des produits, à la documentation de
référence et aux articles techniques concernant les produits Apple ou de tierce partie.
Pour des informations de support technique sur Cinema Tools, allez à l’adresse
suivante :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/support/cinematoolsPréface Introduction à Cinema Tools 13
Autres sites web Apple
Démarrez à la page d’accueil du site web Apple pour tout savoir sur les produits Apple :
 http://www.apple.com/fr
QuickTime est une technologie standard de reproduction de la vidéo, du son, d’animation,
de texte de musique et de scènes de réalité virtuelle (RV) à 360°. QuickTime permet de
produire de la vidéo numérique très performante, très compatible et de qualité élevée.
Visitez le site web de QuickTime pour des informations sur les types de données pris en
charge, une visite guidée de l’interface de QuickTime, des spécifications, etc :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/quicktime
FireWire est l’une des normes standard de périphériques les plus rapides jamais développées, ce qui la rend particulièrement adaptée à l’utilisation des périphériques multimé-
dias, tels que les caméscopes ou les disques durs ultra rapides de dernière génération.
Visit this website for information about FireWire technology and available third-party
FireWire products:
 http://www.apple.com/fr/firewire
Pour plus d’informations sur les séminaires, événements et outils tiers de publication
sur le web, de conception et impression, de musique et d’audio, de films sur ordinateur
et d’art multimédia en général, allez à cette adresse :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/pro
Pour des ressources, des récits et des informations sur des projets éducatifs menés par
d’autres à l’aide de logiciels Apple, notamment Cinema Tools, allez à cette adresse :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/education
Rendez-vous sur Apple Store pour acheter du logiciel, du matériel et des accessoires
directement auprès d’Apple et profiter de promotions et rabais portant également
sur des produits logiciels et matériels tiers :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/storeI
Partie I : Utilisation de
Cinema Tools
Cette section détaille l’utilisation de Cinema Tools pendant
le montage de projets de film.
Chapitre 1 Avant de commencer votre projet
Chapitre 2 Le flux de production de Cinema Tools
Chapitre 3 L’interface utilisateur de Cinema Tools
Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools
Chapitre 5 Capture des plans sources et création d’un lien avec la base de données
Chapitre 6 Préparation des plans sources pour le montage
Chapitre 7 Montage dans Final Cut Pro
Chapitre 8 Création de listes de film et de listes de modification
Chapitre 9 Observations à propos de l’exportation et création de listes EDL audio
Chapitre 10 Utilisation de fichiers EDL, XML et ALE externes 1
17
1 Avant de commencer votre projet
Planifiez votre projet au plus tôt afin de garantir sa réussite.
Le succès de la production d’un film requiert une planification minutieuse avant même
d’avoir filmé la première scène. Si vous envisagez de procéder au montage numérique
du film, pensez aux tâches supplémentaires que cela implique. Pensez notamment au film
à utiliser, à la méthode d’enregistrement du son et à d’autres aspects de votre production.
Dans ce chapitre vous trouverez des informations générales relatives aux difficultés
susceptibles de survenir :
 choix du film à utiliser,
 choix du mode de transfert du film sur bande vidéo,
 incompatibilités de vitesses de défilement entre le film, votre format vidéo et votre
base temps de montage,
 questions relatives au son, notamment quel enregistreur et timecode utiliser et comment synchroniser le son avec la vidéo,
 questions relatives à Final Cut Pro, notamment quant à la sélection de la base temps
d’une séquence et l’utilisation d’effets.
Remarque : la plupart de ces informations sont de nature générale et ne constituent
pas un guide complet pour la création d’un film. L’industrie du film numérique change
rapidement, à tel point que ce que vous lisez ici n’est certainement pas le mot de la fin.
Avant de tourner votre film
Avant de commencer, vous devez discuter de votre projet avec toutes les personnes
impliquées dans le processus, à savoir :
 les fournisseurs du matériel qui seront utilisés pendant la production,
 les personnes impliquées dans la production elle-même,
 le studio chargé du développement de votre film, de la création de copies
de travail et de la version finale,
 le studio de transfert sur bande vidéo,
 le monteur qui utilise Cinema Tools et Final Cut Pro (si ce n’est vous-même),
 le monteur négatif,
 le studio de postproduction.18 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Toutes ces personnes connaissent parfaitement leur métier ; elles peuvent vous communiquer des informations d’une importance capitale qui vous permettront de réussir
votre projet facilement sans vous heurter constamment à des obstacles.
Choix du film à utiliser
Lorsque vous créez un film, la première chose à faire est d’en choisir le format. Pour
ce faire, vous devez prendre en compte les caractéristiques requises par Cinema Tools.
Cinema Tools prend en charge les formats de film 35 mm à 4 perforation, 35 mm à 3 perforations et 16 mm-20. Consultez la section « Notions élémentaires sur le film » à la page 231
pour des détails sur ces formats.
Vous choisirez probablement le format de votre film en fonction de votre budget. Il est
recommandé d’employer le même format tout au long de la production, même si cette
condition n’est pas nécessaire pour utiliser Cinema Tools. Chaque enregistrement de la
base de données possède son propre réglage de format de film.
Apprenez à gérer votre budget
Au cours de la production de votre film, vous serez parfois confronté au dilemme suivant : choisir entre « faire les choses bien » et « faire les choses relativement bien ». Le
choix que vous ferez dépendra du montant de votre budget ou du temps dont vous
disposez. Assurez-vous de bien comprendre les conséquences de vos décisions avant
de choisir des solutions qui, sur le long terme, pourraient vous coûter davantage de
temps et d’argent que prévu. Des difficultés liées à des décisions prises plus tôt au
cours du processus, telles que la décision de ne pas avoir recours à une liste télécinéma par exemple, peuvent resurgir plus tard et vous prendre de court.
Si vous réalisez ce type de projet pour la première fois, il est fortement conseillé de vous
adresser à des professionnels spécialisés pour chacune des tâches. Vous pouvez faire
des économies en en dépensant un peu sur des tâches que vous pouvez réaliser vousmême, comme, par exemple, en faisant appel à un studio de postproduction audio.
Par ailleurs, ne sous-estimez pas l’importance de l’utilisation d’une cut list pour conformer une copie de travail avant de conformer le négatif. La création et le montage
d’une copie de travail rend votre projet plus onéreux, mais une mauvaise conformation du négatif original peut avoir des conséquences irréparables sur votre film.Chapitre 1 Avant de commencer votre projet 19
I
Transfert du film sur bande vidéo
Pour effectuer le montage numérique de votre film, vous devez le transférer sur bande
vidéo afin que l’ordinateur puisse le capturer. Il existe différentes méthodes de transfert mais vous devez avant tout disposer d’un moyen fiable permettant de faire coïncider les numéros de bord du film avec le timecode de la vidéo montée. Ce lien permet
à Cinema Tools de calculer avec précision des numéros de bord spécifiques à partir des
valeurs de timecode des points de sortie et d’entrée de chaque coupe.
Les vitesses de défilement du film et de la vidéo doivent également être prises en considération avant d’effectuer le transfert. En effet, ces vitesses affectent la base temps
et ont un impact sur la précision de la cut list créée par Cinema Tools.
Télécinéma
La méthode la plus courante pour transférer un film sur bande vidéo est, de loin, le télécinéma. Les télécinémas sont des appareils qui numérisent une à une toutes les images d’un
film à l’aide d’un capteur d’image CCD (Charge-coupled device) pour les convertir en images vidéo, qui fournit une image d’une excellente qualité. Il permet en outre de bloquer
le lien entre le film et la vidéo (aucun décalage ne se produit), ce qui constitue un énorme
avantage dans le cadre de l’utilisation de Cinema Tools.
En général, un télécinéma ménage davantage votre film et offre une correction de couleur
et un contrôle opérationnel plus sophistiqués que les chaînes de films, décrites ci-dessous.
Le télécinéma présente un autre avantage, celui de pouvoir créer la vidéo à partir du négatif original, alors que la plupart des autres méthodes requièrent la création préalable d’un
film positif (copie de travail). (La création d’une copie de travail est onéreuse, mais vous
réaliserez qu’elle s’avère d’une grande utilité par la suite puisqu’elle procure la meilleure
manière de regarder le film sur grand écran et de détecter d’éventuels problèmes, ce qui
facilite la sélection des prises à utiliser. Autre avantage de poids des copies de travail: elles
vous permettent de tester la cut list avant de travailler sur le négatif.)
La plupart des télécinémas actuels ne se contentent pas de fournir un transfert de haute
q ualité, ils peuvent également lire les numéros de bord du film et accéder au générateur
de timecode du magnétoscope, afin d’incruster ces numéros sur la bande vidéo. Cette
méthode de transfert permet en outre de synchroniser l’audio et la vidéo. Le système
est capable de contrôler la source audio et d’incruster le timecode audio ainsi que le
timecode vidéo et les numéros de bord.20 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Dans la plupart des cas, les télécinémas produisent une liste qui peut servir de référence
pour créer la base de données Cinema Tools. Cela permet d’automatiser la capture vidéo
sur l’ordinateur.
Les studios de télécinéma sont de plus en plus souvent capables de capturer aussi les
plans vidéo à votre place et de vous fournir les plans sur un disque DVD ou sur un périphérique FireWire en même temps que la liste télécinéma et les bandes vidéo.
Techniques de transfert déconseillées
Vous trouverez ci-dessous certaines techniques de transfert qu’il est préférable de
ne pas utiliser.
Chaînes de film
Évitez, si possible, d’utiliser une « chaîne de film ». Il s’agit d’une technologie relativement
dépassée par rapport au télécinéma. Une chaîne de film, c’est en fait un projecteur de
film relié à une caméra vidéo. En général, les chaînes de film ne gèrent pas les fonctionnalités telles que la lecture des numéros de bord ou le contrôle des magnétoscopes et ne
peuvent pas créer un positif vidéo à partir d’un film négatif. Pour utiliser une chaîne de
film, vous devez créer une copie de travail.
Les chaînes de film sont généralement moins coûteuses que les télécinémas, mais la création d’une copie de travail entraîne une augmentation significative du coût. Le plus grand
défi est de parvenir à définir le lien entre les numéros de bord du film et le timecode de
la vidéo. Cela est généralement réalisé à l’aide de perforations (ou d’autres types de marqueurs d’images) placées sur des images connues.
Important : certaines chaînes de film plus anciennes ne permettent pas la synchronisation du projecteur et du magnétoscope, ce qui peut entraîner un décalage entre le film
et la vidéo.
Que faire si vous voulez un original propre ?
Si vous prévoyez de conformer le négatif de caméra original, la présence d’un timecode
et de numéros de bord gravés sur les plans vidéo que vous montez dans Final Cut Pro
ne pose pas nécessairement de problème, en particulier si vous utilisez un format vidéo
très comprimé.
Les numéros gravés peuvent toutefois constituer un problème si vous prévoyez d’utiliser la vidéo montée pour des projections ou la diffusion. Si les numéros gravés sont
très précieux aux yeux des monteurs, ils peuvent distraire lorsque l’on regarde un projet monté. Voici deux méthodes pour minimiser l’impact de ce problème :
 Convertissez la vidéo au format Letterbox au cours de la capture en utilisant des proportions de 2:35 afin qu’il y ait assez d’espace sous la vidéo pour afficher les numéros.
 Ne flashez les informations gravées que sur la première image. Bien que cela ne soit
pas aussi pratique que la gravure continue, cela donne au monteur la possibilité de
s’assurer que le lien entre numéro de bord et timecode est correct.Chapitre 1 Avant de commencer votre projet 21
I
Enregistrement d’une image projetée à l’aide d’un caméscope
En raison du fort pourcentage d’erreurs susceptible de se produire et des heures de
travail supplémentaires à consacrer au suivi des numéros de bord, cette méthode de
transfert est complètement déconseillée.
Projeter votre film afin de l’enregistrer à l’aide d’un caméscope revient relativement
bon marché mais la présence d’erreurs est quasiment inévitable dans le découpage
final du négatif. Avec les systèmes de télécinéma et de chaîne de film, le film et la vidéo
sont en général synchronisés, ce qui garantit un transfert réussi quelles que soient les
vitesses choisies. Dans ce type de transfert, même si les vitesses du projecteur et du
caméscope sont quasi idéales, elles se décaleront progressivement au cours du transfert et il sera alors impossible de garantir un lien fiable entre les numéros de bord du
film et le timecode vidéo. Cela signifie que du temps supplémentaire devra être consacré à l’examen de la cut list afin de vérifier l’exactitude des images utilisées. Il se peut
en outre qu’une fois sur bande vidéo, les images soient affectées d’un scintillement
important, ce qui rend difficile la lecture de certaines d’entre elles et la sélection de
celles qui serviront au montage.
Étant donné que la bande vidéo ne sert presque exclusivement qu’à sélectionner des
points de coupe, sa qualité ne revêt pas une grande importance. Comme dans le cas
des chaînes de film, vous devez créer une copie de travail pour projeter votre film. Avec
ce type de transfert, il est très important de pouvoir corriger votre cut list avant de travailler sur le négatif original.
Quelle quantité de données faut-il transférer ?
Pour déterminer la quantité de données du film à transférer sur support vidéo, vous
devez considérer plusieurs facteurs, dont le plus important sera sans doute le coût.
Il dépend du temps passé par l’opérateur télécinéma sur la réalisation du transfert.
Vous devez déterminer au préalable s’il est plus intéressant de transférer des bobines
entières de film (transfert « camera-roll »), y compris les mauvaises prises et les scènes
qui ne seront pas employées, ou de consacrer du temps à la détection de prises particulières afin de ne transférer que celles dont vous ferez usage (transfert « scene-and-take »).22 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Transferts camera-roll
Cinema Tools utilise une base de données pour réaliser un suivi du lien entre les numé-
ros de bord du film et les timecodes audio et vidéo. La base de données est conçue pour
contenir un enregistrement par prise, mais cette condition n’est pas obligatoire. Si vous
transférez sur bande vidéo une bobine de film entière sans interruption, Cinema Tools
n’aura besoin que d’un enregistrement pour établir le lien entre les numéros de bord
et le timecode vidéo. Toutes les coupes utilisant l’une ou l’autre portion de ce grand plan
unique pourront être associées avec précision aux numéros de bord correspondants
du négatif caméra original. Un des inconvénients de cette méthode de transfert, c’est
le volume important des fichiers, en particulier en cas d’utilisation de longs passages
de métrage.
Par ailleurs, l’audio, de par la façon dont il est enregistré, est difficile à synchroniser
sur télécinéma quand il s’agit d’un transfert caméra-bobine. Pendant la production,
l’enregistrement audio démarre généralement avant que le film ne se mette à tourner et s’interrompt après l’arrêt de la caméra. Il est également courant de tourner un
film sans son (technique appelée plans MOS [Motion Omit Sound]). Cela signifie qu’il
est impossible, même si la synchronisation audio est établie en début de bobine, de
la conserver tout au long de la bobine. Vous devez dans ce cas synchroniser chaque
plan individuellement. La base de données de Cinema Tools inclut des fonctionnalités permettant de réaliser un suivi des bandes son et du timecode du film original.
Après la capture, un long plan peut être subdivisé en plusieurs petits plans, ce qui vous permet de supprimer la vidéo superflue. Même en présence de plusieurs plans, Cinema Tools
est capable de créer une cut list complète avec un seul enregistrement. Une autre méthode
consiste à ajouter manuellement des enregistrements pour chaque plan, ce qui permet
de tirer parti des capacités de base de données étendues de Cinema Tools. Consultez
la section « Création de la base de données Cinema Tools » à la page 37 pour une
approche détaillée des options possibles.
Transfert scene-and-take
Les transferts scène et prise sont un peu plus onéreux que les transferts caméra-bobine
mais offrent des avantages importants :
 Avec les transferts scène et prise, l’audio est plus facile à synchroniser durant le transfert.
 La liste télécinéma contient un enregistrement par prise, ce qui constitue une base
de données solide une fois importée dans Cinema Tools.
 À partir d’une base de données préétablie, Cinema Tools peut exporter une liste
de capture par lot. Grâce à cette liste (et au contrôle de périphérique approprié),
Final Cut Pro peut capturer et numériser les prises appropriées avec un effort minimal pour vous.
Il est possible, grâce à une liste de film précise et à un clap, d’accélérer le processus
du transfert et d’en réduire le coût.Chapitre 1 Avant de commencer votre projet 23
I
Infos générales sur la vitesse de défilement des images
Pour transférer un film sur support vidéo, il faut prendre en compte la différence de
vitesse de défilement entre le film et la vidéo. Les films sont presque toujours tournés
en 24 images par seconde (ips) ou 23,98 ips, alors que l’on utilise généralement 25 ips
pour livrer le projet final sous la forme de vidéo PAL. La vitesse de la vidéo est, selon le
format vidéo choisi, de 29,97 ips (NTSC), de 25 ips (PAL) ou de 24 ou 23,98 ips (24p).
La vitesse de défilement de votre vidéo (que vous synchronisiez l’audio durant le transfert télécinéma ou pas) et la vitesse à laquelle vous souhaitez réaliser le montage peuvent déterminer les étapes à suivre pour préparer vos plans en vue du montage. Il est
conseillé de lire la section « Choix d’une méthode de préparation des plans sources en
vue du montage » à la page 129 avant de choisir les vitesses de défilement.
Utilisation de la vidéo NTSC
À l’origine, la vitesse de défilement de la vidéo NTSC était de 30 ips. Lorsque la couleur fut
ajoutée, elle dut être légèrement modifiée de façon à atteindre la valeur de 29,97 ips. La
fréquence de trame de la vidéo NTSC est de 59,94. On dit souvent que la vidéo NTSC
a une fréquence d’images de 30 ips, mais, bien que la différence soit minime, elle ne peut
pas être ignorée lors du transfert d’un film sur vidéo (à cause de son impact sur la synchronisation audio, comme c’est expliqué à la section « Synchronisation de l’audio et de la
vidéo » à la page 32).
Vous devez à présent penser au problème suivant: comment distribuer les 24 ips du film
sur les 29,97 ips de la vidéo NTSC. Deux options s’offrent à vous :
 réaliser un 3:2 pulldown
 lire le film à 29.97 ips
Réalisation d’un 3:2 pulldown
La méthode la plus courante pour passer des 24 ips du film aux 29,97 ips de la vidéo est
d’effectuer un pulldown 3:2 (appelé 2:3:2:3 pulldown). En alternant l’enregistrement de
deux trames d’une image du film et de trois trames de l’image suivante, les 24 images qui
défilent en 1 seconde de film finissent par remplir les 30 images d’une seconde de vidéo. 24 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Remarque : la fréquence d’images de la vidéo NTSC est de 29,97 ips. La fréquence
d’images du film est changée en 23,98 ips pour créer le modèle 3:2.
Comme illustré ci-dessus, le modèle 3:2 (qui est en réalité un modèle 2:3:2:3 étant donné
que l’image A est enregistrée en deux trames, suivie de l’image B enregistrée en trois trames) est reproduit au bout de quatre images du film. Presque tous les spots publicitaires
de haute qualité, les films et les programmes de télévision en différé utilisent ce procédé
avant la diffusion.
Notez qu’après ce pull-down, les images du film ne correspondent pas exactement
à celles de la vidéo. En effet, la durée d’une image vidéo ne correspond qu’aux quatre
cinquièmes de la durée d’une image du film. En raison de cet écart, si vous comparez
un nombre précis d’images vidéo et le nombre correspondant d’images du film, vous
vous rendrez compte que les deux durées sont rarement exactement les mêmes. Pour
que la synchronisation de l’ensemble soit maintenue, il faut généralement ajouter (ou
supprimer) une fraction d’une image du film à la durée de la coupe suivante. Cela signifie que Cinema Tools doit parfois ajouter (ou supprimer), dans la liste de conformation,
une image du film à la fin d’une coupe pour conserver la synchronisation. Pour cette
raison, si vous montez une vidéo à laquelle a été appliqué un 3:2 pull-down, la cut list
de Cinema Tools n’est précise qu’à plus ou moins 1 image pour chaque coupe.
Avant
(23,98 ips)
A B A B B C C D D D
A B C D A D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D B C
A A B B B C C D D D A A B B B C C D D D A A B B C C D D D A A B B B D B C C D D D A B A B B C C D D
A B C D
A A B B B C C D D D
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
3:2 Pulldown
Après
(29,97 ips)
Une secondeChapitre 1 Avant de commencer votre projet 25
I
Ce problème de précision peut être résolu facilement à l’aide de la fonction Reverse Telecine (ou du matériel ou des logiciels de tierce partie) pour supprimer les trames supplé-
mentaires et revenir aux 24 ips originales du film avant de commencer le montage
numérique, à condition qu’il y ait une relation de un à un entre les images de la vidéo et
les images du film. Le choix de 24 ips (ou de 23,98 ips, voir « Synchronisation de l’audio
et de la vidéo » à la page 32) comme base temps de montage Final Cut Pro dans l’Éditeur de préréglage de séquence vous permet de monter la vidéo et de générer une liste
de conformation très précise. Consultez la section « Choix d’une méthode de préparation des plans sources en vue du montage » à la page 129 pour en savoir plus sur ces
options.
Lecture du film à 29,97 ips
Une autre option en matière de transferts de vidéo NTSC consiste à faire tourner le film
à 29,97 ips. De cette manière, les images du film coïncident exactement avec celles de la
vidéo, mais l’action du film subit une accélération de 25 pour cent. En raison de facteurs
liés à la synchronisation audio, cette méthode est rarement employée ou recommandée.
Utilisation de la vidéo PAL
La vitesse de défilement de la vidéo PAL est d’exactement 25 ips. Deux méthodes peuvent être utilisées pour transférer un film sur une bande vidéo PAL : lire le film à 25 ips
(méthode appelée 24 @ 25) et ajouter deux trames supplémentaires par seconde (similaire au pulldown 3:2 de la vidéo NTSC, appelé méthode 24 & 1, ou à la méthode de
pulldown 24 @ 25).
Qu’est-ce qu’une image A ?
Il est souvent fait référence aux images « A » au sujet de la vidéo pulldown 3:2. Comme
le montre l’illustration ci-avant, l’image A est la seule dont toutes les trames tiennent
dans une image vidéo. Les autres images (B, C et D) apparaissent dans deux images
vidéo. L’image A étant le point de départ du modèle vidéo à cinq images, il est souhaitable qu’elle soit la première image de chacun des plans vidéo. En général, les images A
sont placées aux numéros de timecode « non-drop frame » se terminant par « 5 » et « 0 ».
Consultez la section « À propos des images A » à la page 142 pour en savoir plus.26 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Méthode 24 @ 25
En lisant le film à 25 ips, les images du film coïncident exactement avec les images de
la vidéo. L’inconvénient réside dans le fait que l’action subit une accélération de 4 pour
cent et qu’il faut par conséquent accélérer l’audio dans les mêmes proportions pour
conserver la synchronisation. Pour tirer parti de la grande variété disponible d’équipements vidéo à 25 ips, vous pouvez choisir de réaliser le montage avec des images plus
rapides de 4 pour cent. Vous pouvez également choisir la fonction Conform (conformation) de Cinema Tools pour faire passer la base temps du plan à 24 ips, corrigeant ainsi
la vitesse. La vidéo peut ensuite être montée à l’aide de Final Cut Pro à condition que
les séquences qui l’utilisent aient une base temps de 24 ips.
Remarque : Final Cut Pro comprend une configuration simplifiée et un préréglage de
séquence dont les noms contiennent « 24 @ 25 », ainsi qu’un format de timecode appelé
« 24 @ 25 ». Ils sont tous les deux destinés à être utilisés avec des plans provenant de
vidéo PAL à 25 ips mais ayant été conformés à la vidéo 24 ips. Consultez la section
« Utilisation de vidéo à 25 ips conformée à 24 ips » à la page 153 pour en savoir plus.
Méthode 24&1
L’ajout de deux trames vidéo supplémentaires par seconde (appelée également méthode
de pulldown 24 @ 25 dans Final Cut Pro) offre l’avantage de conserver la vitesse originale
du film tout en perdant la relation univoque film vers vidéo. Cette méthode consiste à
enregistrer une trame vidéo supplémentaire toutes les 12 images du film.
Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
Avec sa fréquence d’images et son balayage progressif, la vidéo 24p convient bien aux
transferts télécinéma. Il utilise la même vitesse que le film et permet par conséquent
une concordance parfaite des images du film et de la vidéo, sans conversion de vitesse.
24 ips
25 ips
1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 6 7
Première trame de la seconde suivante
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
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11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
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16
16
17
17
18
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
19 20 21 22 23 24
Une Seconde
1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 6 7
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Trame répétée Trame répétée
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
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12
12 24
24
Une seconde
24 ips
25 ipsChapitre 1 Avant de commencer votre projet 27
I
Votre système Final Cut Pro doit être équipé d’un matériel spécialisé pour capturer de la
vidéo 24P, que ce soit en plans compressés ou décompressés. Vous pouvez également utiliser certaines caméras DV, telles que la Panasonic AG-DVX100, pour tourner de la vidéo
24P et utiliser la méthode 2:3:3:2 pulldown pour l’enregistrer sur bande à 29,97 ips (NTSC).
À l’aide de Final Cut Pro et de Cinema Tools, vous pouvez capturer cette vidéo et supprimer le 2:3:3:2 pulldown afin de pouvoir effectuer le montage à 24 ips. Consultez la section
« Ajout et suppression du pulldown dans les plans 24P » à la page 218 pour en savoir
plus.
Remarque : lorsque l’enregistreur de bande vidéo 24p est utilisé au sein d’un système
NTSC, sa fréquence d’images est en réalité de 23,976 ips (on parle de 23,98 ips) pour être
compatible avec la fréquence d’images de 29,97 ips du NTSC.
Prise en compte du timecode
Il est important de prendre en considération les remarques générales ci-dessous concernant le timecode. Si vous utilisez de la vidéo NTSC, vous pouvez choisir entre deux
formats de timecode.
Conseils généraux relatifs au timecode
Si votre appareil audio ou vidéo vous permet de définir les réglages du timecode, il est
recommandé de régler la partie « heures » du timecode de sorte qu’elle corresponde au
numéro de la bande vidéo. Il est ainsi beaucoup plus facile de savoir de quelle bande provient un plan. Il est également fortement conseillé de ne pas « passer minuit » sur une
bande. Cela arrive lorsque le timecode passe de 23:59:59:29 à 00:00:00:00 lors de la lecture.
Vous avez le choix entre le timecode record run et le timecode free run au cours de
la production :
 Timecode record run : le générateur de timecode s’arrête chaque fois que vous arrêtez
l’enregistrement. Vous obtenez de cette manière une bande à timecode continu
puisque chaque fois que vous commencez à enregistrer, le timecode reprend au
point où il s’était arrêté précédemment.
 Timecode free run : le générateur de timecode tourne sans arrêt. Une rupture de
timecode est donc générée chaque fois que vous relancez l’enregistrement.
Pour éviter d’éventuels problèmes au moment de la capture des plans, il est recommandé d’employer la méthode record run, ce qui permet d’éviter les ruptures de
timecode sur une bande.
Dans le cas où une bande contiendrait des ruptures de timecode (avec des sauts de
numérotation entre les prises), veillez à laisser suffisamment de temps (poignées) pour
les pre-roll et post-roll requis durant la capture lorsque vous listez vos plans. Consultez
la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour des informations supplémentaires sur l’utilisation du timecode.28 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
À propos du timecode NTSC
Le timecode NTSC normal (appelé non-drop frame fonctionne comme son nom l’indique :
chaque image utilise le numéro libre suivant. Il y a 30 images par seconde, 60 secondes par
minute et 60 minutes par heure. Étant donné que la vitesse d’images réelle de la norme
NTSC est un peu inférieure à 30 ips (29,97 ips), le timecode non-drop frame finit par prendre du retard (3 secondes et 18 images par heure) par rapport au temps réel écoulé.
Pour compenser cela, le timecode drop frame saute en avant de deux images par minute,
sauf pour les minutes se terminant par « 0 ». (Le saut se fait uniquement par rapport aux
numéros, pas par rapport aux images vidéo.) Cette correction permet de faire coïncider
le timecode avec le temps réel, mais rend le montage numérique du film plus confus.
Avec le timecode non-drop frame, une fois que vous avez trouvé une image A, vous
savez que l’image A suivante correspond au numéro de cette image plus 5, et ainsi de
suite. Si vous trouvez par exemple une image A à 1:23:14:15, vous savez que toutes les
images terminant par « 5 » et « 0 » seront des images A. Avec le timecode drop frame,
il est difficile d’établir ce type de lien.
Remarque : en général, les images A sont placées aux numéros de timecode « non-drop
frame » se terminant par « 5 » et « 0 ».
Il est vivement recommandé de ne pas utiliser de timecode non-drop frame pour la
vidéo et l’audio dans vos projets de montage, même si Cinema Tools et Final Cut Pro
sont capables de le traiter. Quel que soit le type de timecode que vous utilisez,
n’oubliez pas d’utiliser le même pour les bandes vidéo et pour les bandes audio.
Remarque : le timecode PAL ne pose pas ce problème : il lit à une vitesse réelle de 25 ips.
Qu’arrive-t-il au timecode après que vous ayez utilisé la fonction
Reverse Telecine ?
La fonction Reverse Telecine (utilisée pour convertir de la vidéo 29,97 ips en vidéo 23,98 ips)
a une incidence directe sur le timecode des images vidéo. Comme Cinema Tools doit géné-
rer un nouveau timecode 23,98 ips pour les images (à partir du timecode original), il se
peut qu’il y ait une différence entre les numéros de timecode gravés et les numéros affichés dans Final Cut Pro. Bien que les différences de timecode entre la fenêtre d’affichage
et le timecode de Final Cut Pro puissent provoquer une certaine confusion, Cinema Tools
gère le nouveau timecode de la vidéo 23,98 ips et est capable de le remettre en correspondance avec les valeurs NTSC ou PAL originales et donc avec les numéros de bord du film.
Remarque : la fonction Reverse Telecine est généralement utilisée pour convertir de
la vidéo NTSC en 23,98 ips afin qu’elle corresponde au timecode audio, mais elle peut
aussi convertir la vidéo en 24 ips. Chapitre 1 Avant de commencer votre projet 29
I
Le timecode passe par les modifications suivantes : le télécinéma inversé supprime six
images par seconde afin que les valeurs de timecode coïncident toujours au début de
chaque seconde. Cela signifie qu’un plan qui dure 38 secondes s’il est lu à la vitesse NTSC
de 29,97 ips conservera sa durée de 38 secondes s’il est lu à la vitesse de 23,98 ips du télé-
cinéma inversé.
Dans l’illustration ci-avant, les trames NTSC bleues représentent les trames supprimées au
cours du processus de télécinéma inversé sur un plan à l’aide du pulldown 3:2 traditionnel.
(Consultez la section « Ajout et suppression du pulldown dans les plans 24P » à la
page 218 pour des informations sur le pulldown 2:3:3:2.) La fenêtre d’affichage du timecode
NTSC sera différente de ce que Final Cut Pro affiche pour toutes les images
sauf la première de chaque seconde, quelle que soit la longueur du plan.
Qu’arrive-t-il au timecode après que vous ayez utilisé la fonction
Conform ?
L’on utilise la fonction Conform dans trois situations :
 Conversion de vidéo 25 ips PAL en 24 ips : le timecode n’est pas modifié, ce qui garantit
qu’une liste EDL exportée après le montage des plans fera bien référence au timecode
PAL original. L’inconvénient, c’est que le timecode, à 25 ips, ne représente plus exactement le passage du temps réel lors de la lecture à 24 ips car chaque image est affichée un peu plus longtemps. Consultez la section « Utilisation de vidéo à 25 ips
conformée à 24 ips » à la page 153 pour en savoir plus.
 Conformation de vidéo 29,97 ips en 29,97 ips : le timecode n’est pas modifié. Ce processus est utilisé pour corriger des problèmes dans un fichier QuickTime avant l’utilisation
de la fonction Reverse Telecine. Consultez l’annexe C, « Solutions aux problèmes
fréquents et assistance client », à la page 249 pour en savoir plus.
 Conversion de vidéo 29,97 ips NTSC en 23,98 ips : le timecode est modifié, un numéro
étant passé toutes les cinq images. Cette situation de conformation est rare.
Consultez la section « Utilisation de la fonction de conformation » à la page 131 pour
en savoir plus.
1:00 1:11 1:01 1:02 1:03 1:04 1:05 1:16 1:06 1:07 1:08 1:09 1:10 1:12 1:13 1:14 1:15 1:17 1:18 1:19 1:20 1:21 1:22 1:23 1:24 1:25 1:26 1:27 1:28 1:29 2:00 2:01 2:02
1:00 1:01 1:02 1:03 1:04 1:05 1:06 1:07 1:08 1:09 1:10 1:11 1:12 1:13 1:14 1:15 1:16 1:17 1:18 1:19 1:20 1:21 1:22 1:23 2:00 2:01 2:02
Images vidéo NTSC (29,97 ips)
Images vidéo télécinéma inversé (23,98 ips)
Début du plan Trames éliminées Une seconde30 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
À propos du son
Le son d’un film étant enregistré séparément sur un enregistreur audio, certains aspects
sont à prendre en considération :
 choix du type d’enregistreur audio à utiliser
 format de timecode à utiliser
 mode de mixage audio final
 mode de synchronisation de l’audio et de la vidéo
Choix d’un enregistreur audio
Il existe plusieurs types d’enregistreurs audio : le magnétophone analogique (en géné-
ral un Nagra), le magnétophone numérique (DAT, pour Digital Audio Tape) ou l’enregistreur de disques numériques. Qu’il soit analogique ou numérique, l’essentiel est qu’il
gère les timecodes.
Choix d’un format de timecode audio
Contrairement à la vidéo ou au film, qui doivent être structurés avec une vitesse spécifique, l’audio est linéaire et dépourvu de divisions dues aux images. L’ajout de timecode
à l’audio sert donc à déterminer des points dans le temps afin de faciliter la synchronisation de l’audio avec les images de la vidéo ou du film.
Durant le tournage, vous pouvez choisir le format de timecode audio à utiliser (généralement 30 ips, 29,97 ips, 25 ips, 24 ips ou 23,98 ips). Vous pouvez également choisir, pour
les formats 30 ips et 29,97 ips, d’utiliser le timecode drop frame ou non-drop frame. Pour
les transferts de vidéo NTSC, il est fortement recommandé d’utiliser le timecode non-drop
frame tant pour la vidéo que pour l’audio (même si Cinema Tools est compatible avec les
deux). Consultez la section « À propos du timecode NTSC » à la page 28 pour en savoir
plus sur les timecodes drop frame et non-drop frame.
Au moment de choisir votre réglage de timecode audio, vous devez tenir compte du mode
de mixage du son final :
 Si le mixage final doit être réalisé à l’aide de Final Cut Pro : ce réglage doit correspondre
au réglage Editing Timebase dans l’Éditeur de préréglage de séquence de Final Cut Pro.
 Si le mixage final doit être réalisé dans un studio de postproduction audio : le timecode
doit être compatible avec l’équipement du studio.
Remarque : contactez le studio afin de confirmer ces réglages avant de commencer
le tournage.
En général, si vous synchronisez l’audio au cours du transfert télécinéma, le timecode
doit correspondre à celui du format vidéo (29,97 ips pour NTSC, 25 ips pour PAL ou
24 ips pour 24p). Consultez le monteur son avant le tournage, afin de vous assurer
qu’il pourra travailler avec le timecode choisi.Chapitre 1 Avant de commencer votre projet 31
I
Mixage de l’audio final
La méthode utilisée pour mixer l’audio final dépend de la complexité de la bande
sonore (le nombre de pistes, les effets sonores et l’overdubbing peuvent la rendre très
complexe) et de votre budget. Vous pouvez soit finaliser l’audio dans Final Cut Pro soit
le faire finaliser dans un studio de postproduction.
Finishing the Audio With Final Cut Pro
Si vous capturez des plans audio en haute qualité, vous pouvez terminer l’audio de
votre projet à l’aide de Final Cut Pro, qui comprend des outils de montage du son
sophistiqués. N’oubliez toutefois pas qu’il faut absolument disposer d’audio de bonne
qualité pour faire un bon film et que choisir de ne pas confier l’audio à un studio de
postproduction audio familier aux problèmes liés à la création d’audio pour les films
peut donner des résultats décevants.
Vous pouvez exporter l’audio de Final Cut Pro sous la forme d’un fichier Open Media
Framework (OMF) pouvant être utilisé dans un studio de postproduction audio. Un
fichier OMF exporté contient le son ainsi que les informations sur les point d’entrée
et de sortie audio. Cela signifie que tous les éléments d’effets sonores que peut contenir votre projet sont inclus dans le fichier. Lorsque vous utilisez un fichier OMF, la qualité de l’enregistrement doit être optimale car elle correspond exactement à ce que
les spectateurs entendront. Veillez par conséquent à utiliser un appareil de capture
de bonne qualité et des niveaux d’enregistrement appropriés.
Exportation de listes EDL audio
Une autre façon de faire consiste à utiliser des plans de moindre qualité dans Final Cut Pro,
puis à les exporter dans une liste EDL audio (Edit Decision List) que l’on fournit au studio
de postproduction audio. Dans le studio, des éléments audio de haute qualité peuvent
être capturés directement à partir de la source sonore d’origine, puis montés en se basant
sur la liste EDL. Pour que cela marche, il faut que le timecode et les numéros des bandes
sonores originales soient consignés et utilisés pour créer la liste EDL audio.
Les plans audio capturés dans des plans vidéo ne conservent pas leur timecode ni leur
numéros de bobine originaux et la liste EDL de Final Cut Pro ne peut pas être utilisée par
les studios de postproduction audio. Cela arrive souvent avec les plans créés à partir d’un
transfert scene-and-take, car l’audio est alors synchronisé avec le film, puis enregistré sur
la bande vidéo et perd le timecode audio original. Toutefois, étant donné que la liste télécinéma produite lors du transfert contient généralement les informations de timecode et de
numéro de bande de l’audio et de la vidéo, il suffit de l’importer dans la base de données
de Cinema Tools afin que la base de données puisse assurer le suivi de l’audio et que vous
puissiez exporter une liste EDL audio depuis Cinema Tools une fois le montage terminé.
Consultez la section « Exportation d’une liste EDL audio » à la page 193 pour en savoir
plus sur ce procédé.32 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Synchronisation de l’audio et de la vidéo
Le son de production d’un film est enregistré séparément sur un enregistreur audio ; ce
procédé est connu sous le nom de méthode du système d’enregistrement dual (ou double) system recording. La synchronisation du son avec le film et la bande vidéo (pour une
synchronisation labiale parfaite) est une étape fondamentale dans la réalisation d’un film.
La méthode de synchronisation dépendra de l’équipement dont vous disposez ainsi que
du moment choisi pour la synchronisation. D’autres considérations liées au format vidéo,
à la méthode de transfert télécinéma et au timecode employés ont également un impact
sur le processus et ne doivent pas être oubliées.
La synchronisation est particulièrement importante lors des trois étapes suivantes :
 durant le transfert télécinéma
 durant le montage
 au moment de la création de la version finale
Pour conserver la synchronisation à chacune de ces étapes, différentes stratégies peuvent
s’avérer nécessaires. Veillez à planifier votre travail en conséquence.
Synchronisation : informations générales
La synchronisation du son avec l’image vidéo ne doit pas poser de problème majeur si
les précautions nécessaires ont été prises lors du tournage. La synchronisation du son
comporte deux aspects : l’établissement de la synchronisation à un point particulier
de chaque plan et la lecture du son à la bonne vitesse afin qu’il reste synchronisé.
Lorsque vous filmez, vous devez créer des repères sonores et visuels qui serviront à
la synchronisation. La méthode la plus courante consiste à utiliser un clap (également
appelé ardoise ou claquette) au début de chaque prise. L’idéal est d’employer un clap
avec timecode sur lequel est affiché le timecode de l’enregistreur audio. Pour synchroniser l’audio et la vidéo, positionnez la vidéo sur la première image où le clap est refermé,
puis localisez le son (ou timecode) correspondant. Sachez que pour des raisons liées à la
production, il est parfois nécessaire que le clap soit effectué à la fin de la prise. En géné-
ral, il doit alors être tenu à l’envers.
Le transfert par télécinéma engendrant souvent une accélération ou un ralentissement
du film, la vitesse audio doit également être modifiée. Si la synchronisation audio se fait
au cours du transfert, le changement de vitesse s’effectue à ce moment-là. Si la synchronisation audio/bande vidéo est effectuée après le transfert, le changement de vitesse doit
également être effectué au cours de cette synchronisation.Chapitre 1 Avant de commencer votre projet 33
I
Synchronisation au cours du transfert par télécinéma
Lors du tournage, l’enregistreur audio démarre généralement juste avant que la caméra
ne se mette à tourner et s’arrête un petit peu après la caméra. Comme l’enregistrement
audio obtenu est plus long que le film, il n’est pas possible de lire en même temps la
bande sonore et le film pendant plusieurs prises consécutives tout en conservant la synchronisation. Si vous souhaitez que le transfert par télécinéma enregistre l’audio synchronisé sur la bande vidéo, vous devez soit utiliser le transfert scene-and-take en synchronisant
chaque prise séparément, soit créer une bande audio synchronisée avant de réaliser un
transfert camera-roll.
La synchronisation durant le transfert télécinéma permet non seulement d’obtenir des
bandes vidéo avec audio synchronisé prêtes pour la capture, mais présente également
un autre avantage : la liste télécinéma inclut généralement les informations de timecode
et de numéro de bande audio. L’importation de la liste dans Cinema Tools permet d’exporter une liste EDL audio afin qu’un studio de postproduction audio puisse ensuite recapturer les plans audio à une qualité supérieure, si nécessaire.
Transferts de vidéo NTSC
Lorsque vous transférez un film sur bande NTSC, il est toujours nécessaire de lire le film
à une vitesse plus lente de 0,1 pour cent que 24 ips (c’est-à-dire à 23,976 ips ou 23.98 ips)
afin de compenser la vitesse réelle de 29,97 ips de la bande NTSC (au lieu de la vitesse
idéale de 30 ips). La vitesse du film ayant été réduite, celle de l’audio doit l’être à son tour
pour que la synchronisation soit conservée.
Transferts de vidéo PAL
Pour les transferts de vidéo PAL à l’aide de la méthode 24@25 (en augmentant la vitesse
du film à 25 ips), l’audio doit également être accéléré si vous le synchronisez durant le
transfert par télécinéma ou si vous avez l’intention de monter la vidéo à cette vitesse.
Si vous transférez le film sur bande à l’aide de la méthode 24&1 (en enregistrant une
trame vidéo supplémentaire toutes les douze images du film), vous devez lire l’audio
à sa vitesse normale sans vous préoccuper du point où la synchronisation est établie.
Dans ce cas, utilisez un timecode audio de 25 ips.
Synchronisation dans Final Cut Pro
Si vous ne synchronisez pas le son et les images sur la bande via le transfert télécinéma,
ils seront capturés séparément dans Final Cut Pro : éléments audio et plans vidéo. Vous
pouvez les synchroniser par la suite dans Final Cut Pro en utilisant les plans avec clap
(méthode expliquée dans la section « Synchronisation : informations générales » à la
page 32). Une fois que deux plans (ou plus) sont synchronisés, vous pouvez les fusionner
en un seul plan grâce à la fonction des plans fusionnés de Final Cut Pro. Consultez la section « Synchronisation séparée de l’audio et de la vidéo capturés » à la page 146 ainsi
que la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour en savoir plus.34 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Utilisation de Final Cut Pro
Les décisions que vous prenez pour le transfert télécinéma et la façon dont vous utilisez
l’audio influent sur votre utilisation de Final Cut Pro au cours du processus de montage.
Réglage de la base temps des séquences
Dans Final Cut Pro, vous devez définir la base temps de sorte que les séquences correspondent à la fréquence d’images des plans capturés.
Important : ne placez pas des plans dans une séquence dont la vitesse de défilement
est différente de la leur, car vous risquez d’obtenir une liste de film inexacte. Si vous
souhaitez par exemple effectuer un montage à 24 ips, assurez-vous que les vitesses de
vos plans sont toutes réglées sur 24 ips (en utilisant soit la fonction Reverse telecine
(télécinéma inversé), soit la fonction Conform (conformation)).
Consultez la section « À propos des configurations simplifiées et du paramétrage de la
base temps » à la page 151 et la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour des détails sur la
définition de la base temps de montage pour des séquences.
Sortie sur bande lors d’un montage à 24 ips
Le montage à 24 ips offre l’avantage d’une concordance parfaite entre les images du film
et les images vidéo, permettant ainsi la création de listes de conformation très précises.
L’un des inconvénients provient du fait qu’un magnétoscope 24P est nécessaire pour enregistrer directement la vidéo à 24 ips (car l’enregistrement avec des appareils vidéo NTSC
ou PAL standard est compliqué). Cela peut poser problème si vous souhaitez enregistrer
votre projet monté sur une cassette vidéo (soit pour la montrer à d’autres personnes, soit
pour la donner au monteur négatif, comme référence visuelle à utiliser avec la cut list).
Il existe cependant des solutions :
 Si vous utilisez de la vidéo NTSC : vous pouvez utiliser la fonction d’insertion de pulldown
de Final Cut Pro pour appliquer un modèle de pulldown à la vidéo et donc sortir la
vidéo à 29,97 ips. Consultez la section « Modèles de pulldown applicables à la vidéo
23,98 ips » à la page 225 pour en savoir plus. Il existe également des cartes et des applications de tierce partie qui peuvent réaliser un 3:2 pulldown sur la vidéo, permettant
ainsi la vitesse NTSC de 29,97 ips.
 Si vous utilisez de la vidéo PAL : si vous envisagez d’enregistrer votre projet sur bande
vidéo au terme de votre travail, il s’avère plus simple de réaliser le montage à 25 ips
(après avoir augmenté la vitesse du film afin de conserver la concordance des images).Chapitre 1 Avant de commencer votre projet 35
I
Utilisation d’effets
Final Cut Pro offre des possibilités d’effets étendues, notamment des effets de film courants
tels que les fondus, les balayages, les modifications de vitesse et les textes de génériques.
N’oubliez pas que la sortie vidéo de Final Cut Pro n’est pas conçue pour être transférée sur
film et ces effets doivent être créés par une fonction spécialisée pour les trucages optiques
ou créés numériquement à l’aide de numérisations haute résolution du métrage à combiner. Consultez la section « Utilisation d’effets, de filtres et de transitions » à la page 160
pour obtenir des informations supplémentaires, y compris un aperçu des étapes élémentaires d’insertion d’effets et de transitions dans un film monté numériquement.2
37
2 Le flux de production de
Cinema Tools
Cinema Tools s’inscrit facilement dans un flux de production
de montage de film.
L’objectif premier de Cinema Tools est de créer une cut list précise en fonction des
montages réalisés dans Final Cut Pro. Il existe un certain nombre d’étapes cruciales pour
y parvenir mais pour la plupart, le flux de production de Cinema Tools lui-même dépend
de l’équipement utilisé, de votre standard vidéo et de la façon dont vous travaillez.
Étapes fondamentales du flux de production
Voici à quoi ressemble un flux de production dans Cinema Tools (chacun de ces étapes
est décrite en détail dans les rubriques qui suivent) :
Étape 1: création de la base de données Cinema Tools
Étape 2: capture des plans sources avec Final Cut Pro
Étape 3: connexion des plans à la base de données
Étape 4: préparation des plans pour le montage
Étape 5: montage des plans dans Final Cut Pro
Étape 6: création de listes de conformation et d’autres listes avec Cinema Tools
Création de la base de données Cinema Tools
Le point central de Cinema Tools est sa base de données, dans laquelle les liaisons entre
les éléments de votre film (le film, la vidéo et le son) sont établies et suivies. Bien qu’il ne
soit pas obligatoire de créer une base de données avant de commencer le montage, cette
étape peut fournir des outils utiles pour la capture de plans et la planification du montage.38 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Fonctionnement de la base de données
La base de données peut contenir une fiche ou bien des milliers selon la manière dont
vous choisissez d’utiliser Cinema Tools. Ces fiches sont mises en correspondance avec les
montages réalisés dans Final Cut Pro afin de créer la cut list. Pour être valide, une fiche doit
comporter des valeurs relatives à la caméra, le rush, ou la bobine laboratoire, le code de
bordure et être reliée à un plan ou comporter des valeurs de bande vidéo et de timecode
vidéo (point d’entrée et durée).
Lorsque vous exportez la cut list après avoir monté la vidéo dans Final Cut Pro,
Cinema Tools regarde chaque montage et cherche la fiche approprié dans sa base
de données afin de déterminer les numéros de clé et la codification manuelle qui
correspondent (code de bordure). Cinema Tools recherche d’abord une fiche qui est
reliée au nom du plan utilisé dans le montage. S’il la trouve, il localise le fichier du
plan, une note est ajoutée à la cut list et Cinema Tools passe au montage suivant.
Si aucun enregistrement n’est trouvé sur la base du nom de plan d’une coupe ou si le
plan n’est pas localisé, Cinema Tools analyse le numéro de bande vidéo pour voir si des
enregistrements portent le même numéro (« 001 » est différent de « 0001 »). Si c’est le cas,
il recherche ensuite si les points d’entrée et de sortie du montage sont à la portée d’une
des fiches. Si cette condition est également remplie, le montage est ajouté à la cut list et
Cinema Tools passe au montage suivant.
Si une fiche utilisant le nom du chemin d’accès à un plan ou un numéro de bobine vidéo
avec des données de timecode appropriées est introuvable, « » apparaît dans la
cut list et une note est ajoutée à la liste des éléments manquants. Si une fiche est trouvée
mais qu’elle est incomplète (numéro de clé manquant, par exemple), « » est
placé dans ces champs et une note est ajoutée à la liste des éléments manquants.
Consultez le chapitre 8, « Création de listes de film et de listes de modification », à la
page 167 et l’annexe B, « Création de listes de films avec Cinema Tools », à la page 245
pour des détails sur ce processus et la liste des éléments manquants.
Base de données simple ou détaillée
Cinema Tools est conçu pour vous permettre de créer un enregistrement pour toute
une bobine de caméra, pour chaque prise ou entre ces deux extrêmes, selon la façon
dont vous travaillez. Chaque enregistrement peut contenir :
 les numéros de scène, de plan et de prise avec descriptions,
 le numéro de la bobine de caméra du film, le code de bordure, le timecode et le numéro
de bobine de la vidéo,
 le numéro de bobine et le timecode audio,
 une affiche de plan avec une image représentative du plan,
 des réglages de base tels que les formats du timecode et du film.Chapitre 2 Le flux de production de Cinema Tools 39
I
Les fiches peuvent être saisies manuellement ou importées d’une liste télécinéma. Vous
pouvez modifier, supprimer et ajouter des fiches à la base de données en fonction des
nécessités, même si elles sont basées sur la liste télécinéma. Vous pouvez également
fusionner des bases de données. Si vous travaillez avec des rushes par exemple, vous
pouvez créer une nouvelle base de données pour chaque session et toutes les fusionner
une fois que le tournage est terminé.
La liste télécinéma des transferts scene-and-take, dans lesquels seules les prises de
films spécifiées sont transférées sur vidéo, peut fournir les informations basiques à la
base de données. Vous pouvez ajouter d’autres fiches, des commentaires ou d’autres
informations si besoin est.
La liste télécinéma des transferts camera-roll fournit des informations pour une seule
fiche (le code de bordure et le timecode vidéo utilisés au début du transfert). Si les
numéros de clé et le timecode vidéo du film sont continus tout au long du transfert,
cette seule fiche suffit à Cinema Tools pour générer une cut list pour cette bobine de film.
Importation de listes télécinéma
Vous pouvez importer la liste télécinéma à l’aide de Cinema Tools ou de Final Cut Pro.
Vous pouvez choisir l’une des deux méthodes en fonction de votre flux de production.
Dans les deux cas, vous pouvez assigner une lettre de caméra, qui est ajoutée aux
entrées de prise, à l’importation. Cela est utilise dans les cas où plusieurs caméras sont
utilisées pour chaque prise. Consultez la rubrique « Attribution de lettres de caméra » à
la page 86 pour en savoir plus.
Consultez la rubrique « Importation d’informations à partir d’une liste télécinéma ou
d’un fichier ALE » à la page 85 pour en savoir plus sur l’importation de listes télécinéma.
Importation de listes télécinéma à l’aide de Cinema Tools
Pour importer une liste télécinéma dans Cinema Tools, vous devez d’abord disposer
d’une base de données ouverte. La base de données peut être une base de données
existante à laquelle vous ajoutez de nouveaux enregistrements ou une nouvelle sans
enregistrement.
Une fois que les enregistrements ont été importés, vous pouvez exporter une liste de
capture par lot de Cinema Tools que vous pouvez ensuite importer dans Final Cut Pro
pour automatiser le processus de capture des plans.
Importation de listes télécinéma à l’aide de Final Cut Pro
Lorsque vous importez une liste télécinéma à l’aide de Final Cut Pro, vous spécifiez si
vous voulez l’importer dans une base de données Cinema Tools existante ou créer une
nouvelle base de données. 40 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Lors de l’ajout d’enregistrements à la base de données Cinema Tools sélectionnée, chaque
enregistrement crée un plan offline dans le Navigateur de Final Cut Pro pour que les plans
puissent être capturés par lot. Les informations relatives au film provenant de la liste
télécinéma sont ajoutées automatiquement à chaque plan. Vous pouvez afficher ces
informations de plusieurs façons pendant le montage des plans dans Final Cut Pro.
Consultez la rubrique « Affichage d’informations relatives au film dans Final Cut Pro » à
la page 154 pour en savoir plus.
Entrée manuelle de fiches de la base de données
La raison la plus courante d’entrer manuellement une fiche dans la base de données
est qu’il n’y a pas de liste disponible à partir du processus de transfert du film vers la
vidéo. Certaines méthodes de tranfert du film vers la vidéo, telles que les chaînes de
films, ne produisent pas de liste.
Chaque enregistrement, dans une base de données, doit faire référence à un fichier de
données possédant un timecode et des numéros de bord continus. Avec les transferts
scene-and-take, chaque prise nécessite sa propre fiche puisque les numéros de bord de
film sont ignorés en sautant d’une prise à l’autre pendant le transfert.
Avec les transferts camera-roll, comme la bobine de film et l’enregistreur vidéo tournent
continuellement du début à la fin, vous n’avez besoin que d’un seul enregistrement pour
l’ensemble du plan, même si vous le subdivisez ultérieurement en plans plus petits (ces
derniers gardent le timecode original) et supprimez les portions non utilisées. Cela est dû
au fait que Cinema Tools peut utiliser le numéro de bobine vidéo et les points de montage
d’une coupe pour calculer les numéros de bord appropriés, tant que les informations de
bobine vidéo et de point de montage figurent dans un enregistrement.
Pour saisir des enregistrements de base de données manuellement, vous devez connaître
le numéro de bord et le numéro de timecode vidéo d’une image du plan. Le plus simple
est d’avoir ces valeurs gravées dans la vidéo grâce au transfert.Chapitre 2 Le flux de production de Cinema Tools 41
I
Consultez le chapitre 4, « Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools »,
à la page 69 pour des détails sur la création et la gestion de base de données
Cinema Tools.
Capture des plans sources
Vous devez capturer la vidéo et l’audio sur l’ordinateur du montage. Votre manière de
procéder dépendra en majeure partie du support utilisé pour le transfert télécinéma.
Si vous avez utilisé un magnétoscope analogue, tel qu’un Sony Betacam, la vidéo et
l’audio doivent être convertis en format numérique et compressés avant de pouvoir
être utilisés. Si vous avez utilisé un magnétoscope numérique, tel qu’un Sony Digital
Betacam, la vidéo et l’audio sont déjà numériques mais doivent être capturés et
compressés. Dans les deux cas, un matériel spécialisé avec des connexions adéquates
est généralement nécessaire.
Si vous avez utilisé un système DV, la vidéo (et l’audio, en fonction du type de transfert) est
déjà numérique et compressée et a seulement besoin d’être capturée à l’aide de FireWire.
Important : lorsque vous utilisez le contrôle de périphériques en série, n’oubliez pas de
calibrer son décalage de capture. Consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour obtenir
plus d’informations. Consultez aussi la rubrique « Configuration de votre matériel afin de
capturer un timecode exact » à la page 113 pour en savoir plus sur la capture de plans.
Les numéros de fenêtre d’affichage sont-ils corrects ?
Il peut y avoir plusieurs raisons à l’affichage de valeurs de fenêtre d’affichage incorrectes.
Elles vont de la saisie de valeurs incorrectes à la détection automatique incorrecte. Vous
devez vérifier que les valeurs de fenêtre d’affichage sont correctes. Il est essentiel que
ces valeurs soient correctes si vous devez compter sur elle. Le numéro de clé se vérifie
généralement en comparant la valeur affichée avec une valeur documentée sur une
image perforée ou marquée près de la tête du plan. N’oubliez pas de vérifier cela au
moins une fois par bobine de caméra (l’idéal étant de faire la vérification pour chaque
prise). Comparez le timecode dans la fenêtre d’affichage avec la valeur affichée par la
platine de la bande vidéo.42 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Dans tous les cas, il se peut que vous décidiez de recompresser les fichiers pour en
diminuer la taille et les rendre plus faciles à exploiter. En utilisant le bon codec par
exemple, vous pourrez monter sur un ordinateur portable plus ancien.
Tactiques de capture
Il existe diverses manières de capturer la vidéo et l’audio. Déterminer le meilleur
choix pour vous dépend d’un certain nombre de facteurs, en particulier si vous avez
le contrôle du périphérique de la platine de la bande source et le type de transfert
utilisé (camera-roll ou scene-and-take).
Contrôle de périphérique
La première question à se poser avant de déterminer la méthode à suivre pour capturer la
vidéo et l’audio est de savoir si Final Cut Pro prend en charge le contrôle de périphérique
pour la platine que vous utilisez. Le contrôle de périphérique vous permet de capturer
avec précision la vidéo et l’audio que vous voulez suivant un procédé pouvant être répété
de manière exacte si nécessaire. Vous pouvez même définir une « capture par lot » qui
automatise le processus et vous laisse libre de vous concentrer sur d’autres tâches.
La capture sans contrôle de périphérique présente plusieurs inconvénients. Les plans
capturés manuellement n’ont pas de temps de début et de fin précis. Si vous cherchez à
faire correspondre les temps de début et de fin d’une liste télécinéma, vous devez rogner
les plans après les avoir capturés. De plus, sans contrôle de périphérique le timecode d’un
plan ne correspond pas au timecode de la bande. Final Cut Pro permet de changer le
timecode d’un plan, mais pour que ce timecode corresponde à la bande source, vous
devez disposer d’une référence visuelle (une perforation ou une image marqué)
possédant une valeur de timecode connue.
À propos de la compression
La compression, en termes de vidéo numérique, est une méthode de transformation
du contenu en fichiers plus petits utilisant moins d’espace sur le disque dur et
potentiellement moins d’énergie de la part du processeur au moment de les afficher.
L’inconvénient, c’est que les images sont de qualité moindre.
Il est important d’avoir à l’esprit que la vidéo montée à partir de Final Cut Pro et utilisée
avec Cinema Tools ne sera généralement pas utilisée si une grande qualité est exigée.
L’usage le plus courant de la vidéo montée est de servir de guide visuel allant avec la cut
list pour le monteur négatif. Cela signifie que la qualité de la vidéo doit juste être assez
bonne pour que vous puissiez faire vos choix de montage et lire les valeurs de la fenêtre
d’affichage. Cependant, vos choix de montage étant parfois basés sur des repères visuels
subtils, il vaut mieux ne pas s’embarquer dans un choix de compression excessif.
Important : n’utilisez pas de codecs de compression temporelle, comme, par exemple,
le MPEG-2. En plus d’être difficiles à monter, ces fichiers ne peuvent pas bénéficier de la
fonction Reverse Telecine. Chapitre 2 Le flux de production de Cinema Tools 43
I
Pour en savoir plus sur le contrôle de périphérique, consultez la documentation de
Final Cut Pro.
Transferts camera-roll
Pour effectuer des transferts camera-roll, vous devez soit capturer la bande entière soit
capturer manuellement un plan pour chaque prise. Si la bande utilise un timecode
vidéo et des numéros de bord de film continus, Cinema Tools n’a besoin que d’un seul
enregistrement de base de données établissant la relation entre les deux.
Si Final Cut Pro a un contrôle de périphérique de votre magnétoscope source, la meilleure
façon de capturer les prises souhaitées consiste à utiliser la fenêtre Log and Capture de
Final Cut Pro et à saisir les points d’entrée et de sortie et le numéro de bande de chaque.
Vous pouvez alors utiliser la capture par lot pour terminer le processus. Il n’est pas
nécessaire de créer une fiche dans la base de données pour chaque plan du moment
que vous ne changez pas le timecode.
Sans contrôle de périphérique, vous devez capturer manuellement soit les prises désirées
soit la bande entière. Il se peut que vous ayez à rogner chaque prise que vous capturez
manuellement et vous devrez également définir manuellement le timecode pour qu’il
corresponde à la bande source. L’avantage de capturer la bande entière est que vous n’avez
à définir le timecode du plan qu’une seule fois (en partant du principe que la bande source
avait un timecode continu). L’inconvénient, c’est la quantité d’espace disque nécessaire,
bien qu’une fois que la bande est capturée, vous pouvez utiliser Final Cut Pro pour créer
des sous-plans des prises utiles, puis supprimer le contenu inutilisé.
Consultez le chapitre 5, « Capture des plans sources et création d’un lien avec la base
de données », à la page 111 pour des détails sur la capture de plans.
Transfert scene-and-take
En réalisant des transferts scene-and-take, les fiches de la base de données de Cinema Tools
sont généralement adaptées à la capture par lot. Vous pouvez exporter une liste des
captures de Cinema Tools, puis l’importer dans le Navigateur de Final Cut Pro. Final Cut Pro
peut ensuite réaliser une capture par lot (en partant du principe qu’il puisse contrôler
le périphérique source) et créer des plans comme indiqué dans la liste Cinema Tools.
Ces plans peuvent ensuite être facilement liés aux fiches de la base de données de
Cinema Tools. 44 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Finalisation avec de la vidéo de haute qualité
Si vous voulez fournir une sortie vidéo de haute qualité au terme du projet, vous devez
tenir compte de plusieurs points.
Lorsque vous capturez de la vidéo pour le montage offline initial, vous pouvez la capturer
avec une compression relativement haute et inclure un timecode et des numéros de
bord gravés. La compression permet à votre ordinateur de traiter la vidéo plus facilement
et nécessite moins d’espace sur votre disque dur, ce qui vous permet de capturer plus de
vidéo pour prendre les décisions en matière de montage.
Une fois que vous avez fini le montage offline, vous pouvez utiliser Final Cut Pro pour
recapturer uniquement la vidéo réellement utilisée dans les coupes à l’aide d’un codec
de haute qualité et d’une version de la vidéo sans timecode ni numéros de bord gravés.
Consultez le chapitre 11, « Utilisation de la vidéo 24P et de listes EDL 24 ips », à la
page 209 pour en savoir plus sur ce processus. Consultez aussi la documentation
Final Cut Pro pour en savoir plus sur les flux de production du montage offline et online.Chapitre 2 Le flux de production de Cinema Tools 45
I
Connexion des plans à la base de données
Une fois que vous avez capturé les plans sources, vous pouvez les connecter à la base de
données Cinema Tools (on parle aussi de lier les plans à la base de données). Lier un plan
à la base de données permet à Cinema Tools d’accéder au plan d’une fiche en créant la
cut list, ce qui réduit la probabilité d’avoir des problèmes d’entrées de timecode.
Lors de la création d’une liste de conformation, Cinema Tools commence par analyser le
chemin d’accès aux plans utilisés dans le montage et les remet en correspondance avec
la base de données. Le fait que Cinema Tools soit capable de travailler avec le fichier du
plan de cette façon réduit la possibilité d’une erreur de timecode pouvant provoquer des
imprécisions dans la liste de conformation. Ceci est primordial lorsque vous effectuez un
montage à 24 ips. Consultez l’annexe B, « Création de listes de films avec Cinema Tools »,
à la page 245 pour en savoir plus sur la façon dont Cinema Tools génère une liste de
conformation. Consultez également la rubrique « Connexion des plans sources capturés
à la base de données » à la page 121 pour obtenir plus d’informations.
Préparation des plans pour le montage
Cinema Tools présente deux puissantes fonctions pouvant être utilisées sur les plans
avant de les monter : la fonction Reverse Telecine et la fonction Conform.
Reverse Telecine
La fonction Reverse Telecine (pour les transferts NTSC uniquement) permet de supprimer
les trames supplémentaires ajoutées lors du processus pull-down 3:2 d’un transfert
télécinéma. Vous devez l’utiliser lorsque vous montez de la vidéo à 23.98 ips. Consultez la
rubrique « Infos générales sur la vitesse de défilement des images » à la page 23 pour
des informations sur ce qu’est un pulldown 3:2 et pourquoi vous pouvez vouloir l’inverser.
Consultez la rubrique « Inversion du pulldown télécinéma » à la page 133 pour des
détails sur son utilisation.
Remarque : la fonction Reverse Telecine ne peut pas être utilisée avec de la vidéo
comprimée dans le temps, comme, par exemple, la vidéo au format MPEG-2.
Conform
La fonction Conform est utile à la fois pour corriger les erreurs présentes dans des plans
vidéo et pour changer la fréquence d’images (base temps) d’un plan. Cinema Tools vous
permet de sélectionner la fréquence d’images à laquelle vous souhaitez conformer un plan.
Afin de comprendre la fonction Conform, il faut connaître la nature des fichiers vidéo
QuickTime. Chaque image vidéo au sein d’un fichier QuickTime a un réglage de durée qui
définit pendant combien de temps l’image doit être affichée (dans les vidéos QuickTime
basées sur NTSC ou PAL normales, toutes les images ont la même durée). Par exemple, le
taux vidéo NTSC a une valeur correspondant à 1/30e de seconde (plus exactement 1/29,97e
de seconde) attribué à chaque image. Le taux vidéo PAL correspond à 1/25e de seconde. 46 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Il arrive parfois qu’à la capture de plans vidéo, la durée de certaines images soit définie
sur une valeur légèrement différente. Alors que les différences ne sont pas visibles lors
de la lecture du plan, elles peuvent provoquer des problèmes lorsque Cinema Tools
crée la liste de conformation ou lorsque vous utilisez la fonction Reverse Telecine. Dans
ce cas, vous devez conformer le plan à sa fréquence d’images actuelle.
Il peut également vous arriver de vouloir changer la fréquence d’images d’un plan. Si vous
avez transféré du film à 24 ips en vidéo en l’accélérant (soit à 29,97 ips pour le standard
NTSC, soit à 25 ips pour le standard PAL — en prenant soin d’assurer à chaque fois une
relation individuelle entre images du film et images de la vidéo), le mouvement à l’écran
sera plus rapide que dans le film d’origine et il faudra rectifier la vitesse de lecture de la
bande son pour compenser. Vous pouvez utiliser la fonction Conform pour changer la
fréquence d’images et la définir sur 24 ips pour que la lecture se fasse à la fréquence
originale du film et soit synchronisée avec l’audio. Consultez la rubrique « Utilisation de la
fonction de conformation » à la page 131 pour des détails sur l’utilisation de la fonction
Conform.
Remarque : n’oubliez pas qu’il faut utiliser la fonction Conform sur un plan avant de le
monter dans Final Cut Pro. Vérifiez aussi que la base temps dans l’Éditeur de préréglage
de séquence de Final Cut Pro est réglé sur la même vitesse que la vitesse à laquelle
vous conformez le plan.
Consultez la rubrique « Choix d’une méthode de préparation des plans sources en vue
du montage » à la page 129 pour en savoir plus.
Montage des plans dans Final Cut Pro
On monte les plans dans Final Cut Pro plus ou moins comme n’importe quel autre
projet vidéo, mais il a quelques points importants à garder à l’esprit. Ces points sont
expliqués dans le chapitre 7, « Montage dans Final Cut Pro », à la page 151.
Génération de listes de film et de listes des modifications
dans Cinema Tools
Une fois que vous avez monté vos plans et êtes satisfaits du montage numérique de
votre projet, vous êtes prêt à générer des listes relatives au film qui décrivent la façon
dont le négatif ou la copie de travail doit être monté. La cut list reprend les informations
de montage et de titrage.
Il existe un certain nombre d’autres listes utiles pouvant être générées à tout moment.
Un fichier de liste de film peut contenir une des listes suivantes :
 liste des éléments manquants : liste contenant les informations nécessaires
introuvables dans la base de données ;
 liste des doublons : liste des utilisations multiples d’une même source ;Chapitre 2 Le flux de production de Cinema Tools 47
I
 liste optique : liste destinée aux effets spéciaux, décrivant les transitions et les effets
de mouvement ;
 liste Pull : liste destinée à aider le laboratoire à tirer les négatifs dont il a besoin ;
 liste des scènes : liste de toutes les scènes utilisées dans votre projet et des plans
utilisés pour les effets d’optique.
Vous pouvez également exporter une liste des modifications, ce qui s’avère utile si votre flux
de production comprend des visionnements et des modifications de votre copie de travail.
La liste des modifications part du principe qu’une copie de travail a été montée selon les
spécifications de la liste de conformation (ou de la liste de modifications antérieure) et elle
indique d’autres modifications à apporter à la copie de travail en fonction des modifications
que vous avez apportées à la séquence dans Final Cut Pro. Consultez la rubrique « Quand
utilise-t-on des listes de modification ? » à la page 182 pour voir un organigramme du
processus de la liste des modifications et de la copie de travail.
Consultez le chapitre 8, « Création de listes de film et de listes de modification », à la
page 167 pour plus de détails sur les listes relatives au film qui sont disponibles.
Cinema Tools Exemples de flux de production
Cette rubrique présente divers scénarios du flux de production de la base de données
Cinema Tools. N’oubliez pas qu’il en existe de nombreuses variantes et qu’il n’est souvent
pas nécessaire de suivre ces étapes dans l’ordre exact. Il est aussi possible d’utiliser des
parties de plusieurs flux de production. Consultez la rubrique « Étapes fondamentales du
flux de production » à la page 37 pour des détails sur les différentes étapes.
La première rubrique décrit l’intégration entre Final Cut Pro et Cinema Tools. Elle est
suivie par des rubriques qui couvrent deux groupes de flux de production : ceux qui
utilisent des transferts scene-and-take et ceux qui utilisent des transferts camera-roll.
Celles-ci sont ensuite divisées à nouveau en fonction de la disponibilité d’une liste
télécinéma et du contrôle de périphérique de votre lecture vidéo lors du processus
de capture.
Jusqu’où peut-on aller dans Final Cut Pro ?
Grâce à niveau d’intégration élevé entre Cinema Tools et Final Cut Pro, vous avez plusieurs
possibilités pour chaque étape de flux de production. Par exemple, vous pouvez importer
la liste télécinéma dans Cinema Tools et exporter une liste de capture par lot pour
Final Cut Pro ou vous pouvez importer la liste télécinéma directement dans Final Cut Pro.
Vos choix seront déterminés par votre situation et vos préférences en matière de
méthodes de travail. Parmi les fonctions liées à Cinema Tools que vous pouvez exécuter
directement à partir de Final Cut Pro il y a les fonctions suivantes :
 Importation de fichiers de liste télécinéma48 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
 Conformation de vidéo à 25 ips en 24 ips
 Inversion du télécinéma (en utilisant les derniers réglages utilisés dans Cinema Tools)
 Ouverture d’un plan dans la fenêtre Clip de Cinema Tools
 Synchronisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools avec un groupe de plans
sélectionnés
Voici une illustration représentant le flux de production idéal mettant l’accent sur
l’utilisation de méthodes Final Cut Pro.
Dans cet exemple, vous pouvez utiliser Final Cut Pro, Cinema Tools effectuant des tâches
en arrière-plan, si nécessaire. Vous devez utiliser Cinema Tools manuellement si vous
souhaitez ajouter des informations dans la base de données en plus de ce que la liste
télécinéma a fourni ou si vous avez rencontré un problème unique avec le télécinéma
inversé et devez configurer ses réglages.
Étapes effectuées à partir de
Final Cut Pro
Implication de
Cinema Tools
Traitement des plans
(si nécessaire)
• Télécinéma inverse
• Conformation (25 @ 24)
Synchronisation des plans
capturés avec la base de
données Cinema Tools
Montage des plans
Importation d’une liste
dans le projet Final Cut Pro
pour créer les plans offline
à capturer
Capture des plans par lots
Exportation des listes
Cinema Tools
crée les listes
Cinema Tools
effectue le traitement
Une nouvelle base de données
Cinema Tools est créée
Les plans sont connectés à la
base de données Cinema Tools
Création d’un nouveau projet
Final Cut ProChapitre 2 Le flux de production de Cinema Tools 49
I
Si vous avez utilisé des transferts scene-and-take
Comme les transferts scene-and-take nécessitent un enregistrement de base de données
pour chaque prise (à cause des numéros de bord non continus), une première décision
importante va dépendre de l’existence ou non d’une liste télécinéma.
Flux de production pour un transfert scene-and-take avec une liste
télécinéma
Oui Non
Génération d’une liste
de capture par
lot avec Cinema Tools
Importation de la liste par lot
dans le navigateur Final
Cut Pro et capture par lot
Utilisation de la commande
Connect Clips de Cinema
Tools pour connecter les
plans à la base de données
Contrôle de
périphériques ?
Oui Non
Importation de la liste
télécinéma dans
la base de données
Création d’une base
de données vide
Connexion des plans
à la base de données
Numéro de
bord incrusté ?
Trimming des plans pour
les faire correspondre
aux enregistrements de
la base de données
Capturer chaque plan
manuellement à l’aide
de Final Cut Pro
Connexion des plans
à la base de données
Utilisation de la
fonction Identify
pour déterminer
et saisir le numéro
de bord et le timecode
d’une image connue
de chaque plan
Capturer chaque plan
manuellement à l’aide
de Final Cut Pro
Indique les étapes utilisant des processus automatisés.
Les boîtes bleues illustrent le processus préféré, qui comprend les étapes
les plus automatisées et produit la cut list la plus précise.50 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Flux de production pour un transfert scene-and-take sans liste
télécinéma
Si vous avez utilisé des transferts camera-roll
Le premier point à considérer lors de l’utilisation de transferts camera-roll est la méthode
de génération de la liste de film que vous comptez utiliser. Consultez l’annexe B, « Création
de listes de films avec Cinema Tools », à la page 245 pour obtenir des explications su les
deux méthodes disponibles. Il est fortement recommandé de synchroniser l’audio et la
vidéo avant de capturer les plans.
Oui Non
Génération d’une liste
de capture par
lot avec Cinema Tools
Importation de la liste par lot
dans le navigateur Final
Cut Pro et capture par lot
Utilisation de la commande
Connect Clips de Cinema
Tools pour connecter les
plans à la base de données
Contrôle de
périphériques ?
Oui Non
Ajout dans la base de
données Cinema Tools d’une
entrée pour chaque plan
Création d’une base
de données vide
Connexion des plans
à la base de données
Numéro de
bord incrusté ?
Trimming des plans pour
les faire correspondre
aux enregistrements de
la base de données
Capturer chaque plan
manuellement à l’aide
de Final Cut Pro
Connexion des plans
à la base de données
Utilisation de la
fonction Identify
pour déterminer
et saisir le numéro
de bord et le timecode
d’une image connue
de chaque plan
Capturer chaque plan
manuellement à l’aide
de Final Cut Pro
Indique les étapes utilisant des processus automatisés.
Les boîtes bleues illustrent le processus préféré, qui comprend les étapes
les plus automatisées et produit la cut list la plus précise.Chapitre 2 Le flux de production de Cinema Tools 51
I
Flux de production pour un transfert camera-roll (méthode basée
sur le plan)
Oui Non
Oui Non
Contrôle de
périphériques ?
Importation de la liste
dans la base de données
(devrait générer un
enregistrement par bobine)
Saisie d’au moins un
enregistrement par bobine
définissant la relation entre
numéro de bord et timecode
Facultatif : saisie d’unenregistrement supplémentaire par
plan (recommandé en cas de
contrôle de périphériques)
Facultatif : saisie d’un enregistrement supplémentaire par
plan (recommandé en cas de
contrôle de périphérique)
Génération d’une liste de
capture par lot avec
Cinema Tools
Importation de la liste par lot
dans le navigateur Final
Cut Pro et capture par lot
Utilisation de la commande
Connect Clips de Cinema
Tools pour la connexion
à la base de données
Liste
télécinéma ?
Oui Non
Création d’une base
de données vide
Indique les étapes utilisant des processus automatisés.
Les boîtes bleues illustrent le processus préféré, qui comprend les étapes
les plus automatisées et produit la cut list la plus précise.
Connexion des plans
à la base de données
Numéro de
bord incrusté ?
Trimming des plans pour
les faire correspondre
aux enregistrements de
la base de données
Capturer chaque plan
manuellement à l’aide
de Final Cut Pro
Connexion des plans
à la base de données
Utilisation de la
fonction Identify
pour déterminer
et saisir le numéro
de bord et le timecode
d’une image connue
de chaque plan
Capturer chaque plan
manuellement à l’aide
de Final Cut Pro52 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Flux de production pour un transfert camera-roll (méthode basée
sur le timecode)
Saisie d’au moins un enregistrement définissant la relation
entre numéro de bord
et timecode
Importation de la liste dans
la base de données (devrait
générer un enregistrement
par bobine)
Liste
télécinéma ?
Oui Non
Création d’une base
de données vide
Utilisation de Final Cut Pro
pour capturer l’intégralité
de la bobine sous forme
de plan unique ou capturer
les prises souhaitées sous
forme de plans séparés
(en prenant soin que
le timecode ne soit
pas modifié)3
53
3 L’interface utilisateur de
Cinema Tools
Cinema Tools dispose de tout un ensemble de fenêtres et de
zones de dialogue pour vous permettre d’accéder à ses puissantes fonctions.
Certaines fenêtres et zones de dialogue sont génériques, comme, par exemple, les zones
de dialogue de sélection de fichier, alors que d’autres sont spécialisées pour des fonctions
et des réglages uniques. La plupart de ces fenêtres et zones de dialogue s’ouvrent depuis
Cinema Tools ; trois zones de dialogues liées s’ouvrent aussi depuis Final Cut Pro.
Cinema Tools Fenêtres et zones de dialogues
Les fenêtres et zones de dialogue suivantes s’ouvrent à partir de Cinema Tools.
Fenêtre Welcome
La première fois que vous ouvrez Cinema Tools, une fenêtre de bienvenue apparaît.
Par la suite, Cinema Tools ouvre la base de données qui était ouverte la dernière fois
que vous avez fermé Cinema Tools. Si aucune base de données n’était ouverte lorsque
vous avez fermé Cinema Tools, la fenêtre Welcome apparaît à nouveau. 54 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Sélectionnez une option, puis cliquez sur Continue.
 Create a New Database : ouvre la zone de dialogue New Database pour vous permettre
de configurer une nouvelle base de données.
 Open Existing Database : ouvre une zone de dialogue de sélection de fichiers pour
vous permettre de sélectionner une base de données existante à ouvrir.
 View Documentation : ouvre le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Cinema Tools dans Aperçu.
Zone de dialogue New Database
La zone de dialogue New Database permet de définir des réglages élémentaires chaque
fois que vous créez une base de données Cinema Tools. Ces réglages s’appliquent à tous
les enregistrements que vous créez dans la base de données. La fenêtre Detail View permet de modifier individuellement ces réglages pour chaque enregistrement de la base
de données.
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue New Database :
m Choisissez Database > New Database (ou appuyez sur Commande + Maj + N).
Remarque : la base de données courante se ferme, si une base de données était ouverte.
Pour des informations sur les réglages par défaut de votre base de données, consultez
la section « Réglages de la zone de dialogue Nouvelle base de donées » à la page 77.
Fenêtre Detail View
La fenêtre Detail View permet d’afficher, de saisir et de modifier les informations d’un
enregistrement de base de données. Lorsque vous ouvrez une base de données existante, la fenêtre Detail View affiche le premier enregistrement. Les numéros spécifiques
de la fenêtre Detail View (numéros de bande, de bobine, de bord ainsi que la codification manuelle) décrivent tous des valeurs concernant la première image du plan source
associé à l’enregistrement de la base de données.
La fenêtre Detail View s’affiche en même temps que la fenêtre List View chaque fois
que vous ouvrez une base de données. Chapitre 3 L’interface utilisateur de Cinema Tools 55
I
Pour afficher la fenêtre Detail View, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Choisissez Window > Detail View (ou appuyez sur Commande + 2).
m Si nécessaire, faites glisser la fenêtre List View vers un autre endroit de l’écran.
m Si nécessaire, cliquez sur la fenêtre Detail View pour la faire passer au premier plan.
Le bouton qui se trouve dans le coin inférieur droit de la fenêtre est intitulé soit :
 Open Clip : avec un plan connecté (comme illustré ci-avant), le bouton est intitulé Open
Clip. Cliquez sur Open Clip pour ouvrir la fenêtre Clip qui affiche le plan connecté.
 Connect Clip : si aucun plan n’est connecté à l’enregistrement de base de données, le
bouton Open Clip est intitulé Connect Clip. Cliquez sur le bouton Connect Clip pour
ouvrir une zone de dialogue de sélection de fichier. Une fois le fichier de plan localisé
et sélectionné, la fenêtre Clip s’ouvre et l’affiche.
De plus, placer le pointeur au-dessus de la vignette affiche une bulle d’aide indiquant
l’emplacement du plan. Cela est particulièrement utile si le plan est absent, car cela
vous permet de voir où Cinema Tools s’attend à trouver le plan.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation de la fenêtre Detail View, consultez la section
« Saisie manuelle des informations de base de données » à la page 91.56 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Fenêtre List View
Tous les enregistrements de la base de données ouverte apparaissent sous forme de liste
dans la fenêtre List View. Elle peut afficher une liste de tous les enregistrements de la base
de données ou, si vous utilisez la fonction Find, uniquement les enregistrements trouvés.
Les fenêtres List View et Detail View s’affichent chaque fois que vous ouvrez une base de
données.
Pour afficher la fenêtre List View, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Choisissez Window > List View (ou appuyez sur Commande + 1).
m Faites glisser la fenêtre Detail View vers un autre endroit de l’écran.
m Cliquez sur la fenêtre List View pour la faire passer au premier plan.
Les boutons Show All et Find permettent d’afficher rapidement tous les enregistrements
de la base de données ouvertes (cliquez sur Show All) ou d’afficher rapidement les enregistrements trouvés à l’aide de la zone de dialogue Find (cliquez sur Find).
Le menu local qui se trouve dans le coin supérieur gauche de la fenêtre permet de
sélectionner le mode d’affichage en sélectionnant le type d’informations à afficher :
 Keycode : affiche des informations sur le film telles que les numéros de bord et de bobine.
 Video : affiche les informations de timecode et de bande vidéo.
 Sound : affiche les informations de timecode et de bande audio.
 Ink Numbers : affiche des informations sur la copie de travail, telles que la codification
manuelle et les rushes.Chapitre 3 L’interface utilisateur de Cinema Tools 57
I
Colonne Display Mode
Les colonnes suivantes apparaissent dans tous les modes d’affichages :
 Slate : une combinaison des champs Scene et Take, séparés par un tiret
 Clip : le nom du plan connecté à chaque enregistrement de la base de données
Les colonnes suivantes apparaissent en mode d’affichage Keycode :
 Lab Roll : valeur spécifiée dans le champ Lab Roll (dans la fenêtre Detail View)
 Cam Roll : valeur spécifiée dans le champ Cam Roll
 Keycode : valeur spécifiée dans le champ Key
Les colonnes suivantes apparaissent en mode d’affichage Video :
 Reel : valeur spécifiée dans le champ Video Reel
 Timecode : valeur spécifiée dans le champ Video Timecode
Les colonnes suivantes apparaissent en mode d’affichage Sound :
 Roll : valeur spécifiée dans le champ Sound Roll
 Timecode : valeur spécifiée dans le champ Sound Timecode
Les colonnes suivantes apparaissent en mode d’affichage Ink Numbers :
 Lab Roll : la valeur spécifiée dans le champ Lab Roll
 Daily roll : valeur spécifiée dans le champ Daily Roll
 Ink number : valeur spécifiée dans le champ Ink
Tri des colonnes
Par défaut, les colonnes sont triées par ordre croissant de la valeur Slate. Il est possible de
trier les données en fonction de n’importe quelle colonne affichée en cliquant sur le nom
de la colonne souhaitée. Le nom de la colonne change de couleur pour indiquer qu’elle
sert de critère de tri, puis une flèche indiquant l’ordre du tri s’affiche. Une flèche orientée
vers le haut indique un ordre croissant, alors qu’une flèche orientée vers le bas indique un
ordre décroissant. Cliquez sur le nom de la colonne pour changer le sens du tri.
Localisation des enregistrements comportant des éléments manquants
Le tri des colonnes peut aider à retrouver des enregistrements comportant des éléments
manquants. Par exemple, la sélection de la colonne Cam Roll rassemble tous les enregistrements n’ayant pas d’entrée dans ce champ et les place tout en bas (ou en haut) de la
liste, en fonction du sens de la flèche.
Recherche d’enregistrements spécifiques
Vous pouvez localiser un enregistrement à l’aide d’un numéro de bord ou d’un numéro
de timecode spécifique en triant les colonnes. Par exemple, en sélectionnant la colonne
Keycode, les enregistrements sont classés en fonction de leur numéros de bord. Vous
pouvez alors faire défiler la liste pour retrouver un enregistrement à l’aide d’une image
du film donnée.58 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Sélection d’enregistrements
Il y a plusieurs façons de sélectionner des enregistrements dans une base de données
Cinema Tools.
Remarque : vous pouvez ne sélectionner qu’un seul enregistrement à la fois.
Pour sélectionner un enregistrement de la base de données, procédez de l’une des
manières suivantes :
m Cliquez sur n’importe quel enregistrement affiché.
m Double-cliquez sur un enregistrement pour ouvrir son plan dans la fenêtre Clip.
m Utilisez la touche Flèche vers le haut du clavier pour sélectionner l’enregistrement qui
se trouve juste au-dessus de l’enregistrement sélectionné.
m Utilisez la touche Flèche vers le bas du clavier pour sélectionner l’enregistrement qui se
trouve juste au-dessous de l’enregistrement sélectionné.
m Utilisez la touche Page préc. du clavier pour monter d’une page d’enregistrements dans
la liste.
m Utilisez la touche Page suiv. du clavier pour descendre d’une page d’enregistrements
dans la liste.
Une fois un enregistrement sélectionné, il reste sélectionné lorsque vous changez le
mode d’affichage.
Modification des données affichées
Il n’est pas possible de modifier les réglages d’un enregistrement dans la fenêtre List View.
Pour faire des modifications, utilisez la fenêtre Detail View.
Pour afficher un enregistrement dans la fenêtre List View, dans la fenêtre Detail
View, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Cliquez sur l’enregistrement.
Remarque : un double clic sur un enregistrement l’ouvre également dans la fenêtre Clip.
m Sélectionnez l’enregistrement à l’aide des touches fléchées du clavier.
Zone de dialogue Find
Il est possible de sélectionner des enregistrements spécifiques pour les afficher dans la
fenêtre List View en créant un ensemble d’enregistrements trouvés. Il est possible par
exemple de créer une liste de tous les enregistrements liés à une scène donnée. Utilisez pour cela la zone de dialogue Find.Chapitre 3 L’interface utilisateur de Cinema Tools 59
I
Pour ouvrir la zone dialogue Find, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Choisissez Database > Find (ou appuyez sur Commande + F).
m Cliquez sur Find dans la fenêtre List View.
Consultez la section « Recherche et ouverture d’enregistrements de base de donnée » à
la page 80 pour des détails sur la création d’ensembles d’enregistrements trouvés.
Fenêtre Clip
La fenêtre Clip permet de lire le plan sélectionné, d’identifier le timecode et le numéro
de bord d’une image donnée, d’afficher des informations générales sur le plan et de le
traiter à l’aide des fonctions Reverse Telecine et Conform.
Pour ouvrir la fenêtre Clip, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Choisissez File > Open Clip (ou appuyez sur Commande + O), localisez un plan, puis
cliquez sur Choose.
m Cliquez sur Open Clip dans la fenêtre Detail View (si un plan est connecté à l’enregistrement actuel).
m Cliquez sur Connect Clip dans la fenêtre Detail View, puis sélectionnez un plan (si aucun
plan n’est connecté à l’enregistrement).
Remarque : il est possible d’ouvrir plusieurs fenêtres Clip en même temps. Elles s’ajoutent au menu Window et en disparaissent de façon dynamique au fur et à mesure que
vous les ouvrez et les fermez. 60 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Vous pouvez lire le plan en cliquant sur le bouton de lecture (triangle situé à gauche
de la Timeline) ou en appuyant sur la barre d’espace.
Remarque : pour lire le plan en utilisant la barre d’espace, veillez à ce qu’aucun champ
de texte de la sous-fenêtre Identify ne soit sélectionné. Vous pouvez appuyer sur la touche de tabulation autant de fois que cela est nécessaire ou cliquer sur le bouton Analysis pour désélectionner les champs de texte.
Si le plan contient de l’audio, vous pouvez contrôler le volume en cliquant sur l’icône de
haut-parleur qui se trouve près du bouton de lecture, puis en faisant glisser le curseur de
volume. Vous pouvez aussi faire glisser la tête de lecture pour faire défiler le plan. Vous
pouvez cliquer sur les boutons avec la flèche vers la gauche ou vers la droite qui se trouvent à l’extrême droite de la Chronologie ou appuyer sur les touches Flèche gauche ou
Flèche droite du clavier pour faire défiler le plan une image à la fois.
La plupart des boutons qui se trouvent dans le bas de la fenêtre ouvrent des fenêtres
ou des zones de dialogue supplémentaires et sont aussi disponibles dans le menu Clip :
 Set Poster Frame : affecte l’image actuellement affichée aux vignettes de la fenêtre
Detail View.
 Disconnect Clip : le bouton Disconnect Clip change selon que le plan actuel est connecté à la base de données ou pas. Avec un plan connecté (comme illustré ci-avant),
le bouton est intitulé Disconnect Clip. Cliquez sur Disconnect Clip pour déconnecter le
plan de la base de données.
 Enter in Database : si le plan actuel n’est pas connecté à la base de données, le bouton Disconnect Clip s’intitule Enter in Database. Cliquez sur Enter in Database pour
ouvrir une zone de dialogue dans laquelle vous pouvez connecter le plan à un enregistrement existant ou un nouvel enregistrement en tapant des valeurs de scène et
de prise.
 Reverse Telecine : ouvre la zone de dialogue Reverse Telecine (télécinéma inversé).
 Conform : ouvre la zone de dialogue Conform Clip.
 Boutons Previous Clip et Next Clip (flèches) : les flèches vers la gauche et vers la droite qui
se trouvent dans le coin inférieur droit de la fenêtre Clip permettent de passer facilement à l’enregistrement précédent ou suivant (tels qu’ils sont affichés et triés dans la
fenêtre List View) assigné à un plan.
Remarque : ces boutons ne sont actifs que lorsque le plan courant est relié à un
enregistrement de la base de données courante et cet enregistrement fait partir
des résultats de recherche de la fenêtre List View. L’un de ces boutons est estompé
lorsqu’il n’y a pas de plan précédent ou suivant.Chapitre 3 L’interface utilisateur de Cinema Tools 61
I
Les deux boutons qui se trouvent dans le coin supérieur droit déterminent quelles
informations sont affichées dans la partie droite de la fenêtre.
 Identify : affiche les informations du plan provenant de la base de données Cinema Tools
à laquelle il est connecté. Vous pouvez utiliser la sous-fenêtre Identify pour saisir des
informations de film et de timecode dans la base de données ou pour obtenir des
informations sur l’image affichée dans la fenêtre Clip. De plus, les réglages sont mis à
jour pour toujours afficher les informations relatives à l’image affichée lorsque vous faites défiler un plan. Consultez la section « Utilisation de la fonction Identify pour saisir
et calculer des informations de base de données » à la page 102 pour des informations sur l’utilisation de la fonction Identify.
 Analysis : affiche les informations de fichier d’un plan. Ces informations comprennent
à la fois des informations spécifiques aux fichiers (nom et taille, emplacement et date
de création) ainsi que des informations spécifiques au contenu (durée, vitesse de défilement, format d’image et type de compression utilisé).
Zone de dialogue Reverse Telecine
On utilise la zone de dialogue Reverse Telecine pour convertir de la vidéo pulldown 3:2
NTSC ou de la vidéo pulldown 2:3:3:2 en 24 ips.
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue Reverse Telecine, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
m Sélectionnez Clip > Reverse Telecine (uniquement disponible si la fenêtre Clip est ouverte).62 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
m Cliquez sur Reverse Telecine dans la fenêtre Clip.
Consultez la section « Inversion du pulldown télécinéma » à la page 133 pour des détails
sur l’utilisation de cette fonction. Il existe aussi une forme simplifiée de la zone de dialogue Reverse Telecine qui s’affiche si le ou les plans ont été capturés depuis un caméscope numérique DV 24P, tel que le Panasonic AG-DVX100. Les informations sur la cadence
de pulldown de ces plans sont incorporées de telle façon que Cinema Tools puisse les lire,
si bien que si Cinema Tools détecte ces informations de cadence, la zone de dialogue du
télécinéma inversé automatique s’affiche. Consultez la section « Suppression de pulldown 2:3:3:2 ou 2:3:2:3 avec Cinema Tools » à la page 221 pour en savoir plus.
Zone de dialogue Conform Clip
La zone de dialogue Conform Clip sert à régler la durée de chaque image du plan actuel
sur une valeur spécifique. Par exemple, sélectionnez 24,0 pour régler la durée de chaque
image sur 1/24 de seconde. Cela permet de changer la vitesse de défilement d’un plan capturé ou de s’assurer de la précision et de la cohérence de la vitesse de défilement d’un plan.
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue Conform Clip, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Sélectionnez Clip > Conform (uniquement disponible si la fenêtre Clip est ouverte).
m Cliquez sur Conform dans la fenêtre Clip.
Remarque : vous devez disposer d’un accès en lecture et écriture au fichier du plan
pour pouvoir utiliser la fonction Conform.
Important : la fonction Conform modifie le fichier de données source.
Consultez la section « Utilisation de la fonction de conformation » à la page 131 pour
des détails sur l’utilisation de cette fonction.Chapitre 3 L’interface utilisateur de Cinema Tools 63
I
Zone de dialogue Change Reel
La zone de dialogue Change Reel vous permet d’introduire des modifications d’ensemble dans les paramètres de bande vidéo, bande-son, bobine de caméra ou de laboratoire
des enregistrements de la base de données. Par exemple, il se peut que le nombre de
zéros initiaux diffère (« 001 » par rapport à « 0001 ») entre les numéros de bande vidéo
de Final Cut Pro et ceux que vous avez saisi dans la base de données Cinema Tools. Cette
zone de dialogue vous permet de modifier toutes les occurrences d’un numéro de bande
ou de bobine.
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue Change Reel :
m Choisissez Database > Change Reel.
Zone de dialogue Database Properties
La zone de dialogue Database Properties affiche une grande variété d’informations sur
la base de données actuelle, y compris les paramètres par défaut et des statistiques sur
les enregistrements.
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue Database Properties :
m Choisissez Database > Database Properties (ou appuyez sur Commande + I). 64 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Les zones de dialogues disponibles dans Final Cut Pro et
Cinema Tools
Les zones de dialogue suivantes s’ouvrent tant à partir de Final Cut Pro que de
Cinema Tools.
Zone de dialogue Export Film Lists
On utilise la zone de dialogue Export Film Lists pour exporter des listes de film au format PDF. Il faut définir le type d’informations et les listes à exporter, la plus importante
étant la liste de conformation. Il faut définir aussi les éléments que vous souhaitez voir
figurer dans la liste de film exportée. On utilise généralement cette zone de dialogue
une fois que l’on a fini le montage des plans du film, mais vous pouvez l’utiliser à tout
moment pour vérifier l’état de la coupe.
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue Export Film Lists à partir de Final Cut Pro :
m Dans Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez Fichier > Exporter > Listes de films Cinema Tools.
(Cette commande n’est disponible que lorsque la Chronologie de Final Cut Pro
est active ou lorsque vous avez sélectionné une séquence dans le Navigateur.)
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue Export Film Lists à partir de Cinema Tools :
1 Dans Cinema Tools, choisissez File > Export > Film Lists from EDL ou File > Export >
Film Lists from XML.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, localisez le fichier EDL ou XML sur lequel vous
souhaitez baser la liste de film exportée, puis cliquez sur Choose.
Consultez le chapitre 8, « Création de listes de film et de listes de modification », à la
page 167 pour des détails sur les réglages de cette zone de dialogue.
Consultez le chapitre 10, « Utilisation de fichiers EDL, XML et ALE externes », à la
page 199 pour des détails sur la génération de listes de film à partir de listes EDL externes.Chapitre 3 L’interface utilisateur de Cinema Tools 65
I
Zone de dialogue Export XML Film Lists
On utilise la zone de dialogue Export XML Film Lists pour exporter des listes de film au
format XML. Il faut définir le type d’informations et les listes à exporter, la plus importante étant la liste de conformation. Contrairement à l’exportation de listes de film au
format PDF, tous les éléments possibles figurent d’office dans la liste exportée, vous
n’avez pas besoin de sélectionner les éléments à exporter. On utilise généralement
cette zone de dialogue une fois que l’on a fini le montage des plans du film, mais vous
pouvez l’utiliser à tout moment pour vérifier l’état de la coupe.
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue Export XML Film Lists à partir de Final Cut Pro :
m In Final Cut Pro, choisissez File > Export > Cinema Tools XML Film Lists. (Cette commande n’est disponible que lorsque la Chronologie de Final Cut Pro est active ou lorsque vous avez sélectionné une séquence dans le Navigateur.)
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue Export XML Film Lists à partir de Cinema Tools :
1 Dans Cinema Tools, choisissez File > Export > XML Film Lists from EDL ou File >
Export > XML Film Lists from XML.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, localisez le fichier EDL ou XML sur lequel vous
souhaitez baser la liste de film exportée, puis cliquez sur Choose.
Consultez le chapitre 8, « Création de listes de film et de listes de modification », à la
page 167 pour des détails sur les réglages de cette zone de dialogue.
Consultez le chapitre 10, « Utilisation de fichiers EDL, XML et ALE externes », à la
page 199 pour des détails sur la génération de listes de film à partir de listes EDL externes.66 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Zone de dialogue Export Change List
On utilise la zone de dialogue Export Change List pour faire des sélections relatives
à l’exportation d’une liste décrivant les différences entre deux versions d’une même
séquence montée dans Final Cut Pro. Il est possible d’inclure une liste Pull de modifications, qui ne détaille que le film à traiter pour effectuer les modifications.
Important : pour pouvoir exporter une liste des modifications, vous devez avoir enregistré un fichier de programme Cinema Tools de la version précédente de la séquence. Consultez la section « Création de listes de modification » à la page 182 pour en savoir plus.
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue Export Change List à partir de Final Cut Pro :
1 In Final Cut Pro, choose File > Export > Cinema Tools Change List. (Cette commande
n’est disponible que lorsque la Chronologie de Final Cut Pro est active ou lorsque vous
avez sélectionné une séquence dans le Navigateur.)
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, localisez le fichier de programme Cinema Tools
de la version précédente de cette séquence, puis cliquez sur Open.
La zone de dialogue Export Change List apparaît.
Lorsque vous exportez un fichier de liste des modifications à partir de Final Cut Pro,
vous pouvez aussi exporter une nouvelle liste de conformation (ainsi que toutes les
autres listes disponibles dans la zone de dialogue Export Film Lists) pour la séquence.
Ces autres listes fournissent des informations sur la séquence entière, plutôt que des
informations sur les modifications uniquement.
L’ouverture de la zone de dialogue Export Change List à partir de Cinema Tools nécessite la présence de deux fichiers de programme Cinema Tools : un pour l’ancienne version de la séquence et un autre pour la version actuelle de la séquence.Chapitre 3 L’interface utilisateur de Cinema Tools 67
I
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue Export Change List à partir de Cinema Tools :
1 In Cinema Tools, choose File > Export > Change List.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, localisez le fichier de programme Cinema Tools
de la version précédente de cette séquence, puis cliquez sur Open.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, localisez le fichier de programme Cinema Tools
de la version courante de cette séquence, puis cliquez sur Open.
La zone de dialogue Export Change List apparaît.
Consultez la section « Création de listes de modification » à la page 182 pour des détails
sur les réglages de la zone de dialogue Export Change List.
Zone de dialogue Export Audio EDL
L’audio est souvent remonté dans un studio de postproduction audio à l’aide de maté-
riel et de logiciels de haute qualité et d’outils de traitement haut de gamme. Selon la
façon dont vous montez, il se peut que la sortie EDL de Final Cut Pro ne contienne pas
le numéro de bande et le timecode des bandes audio de production originales. Ces
informations se trouvent souvent dans la liste télécinéma que vous importez dans
Cinema Tools ou peuvent être saisies manuellement.
On ouvre en général la zone de dialogue Export Audio EDL à partir de Final Cut Pro.
Vous pouvez aussi l’ouvrir à partir de Cinema Tools, si nécessaire, bien que des étapes
supplémentaires soient nécessaires, y compris la création d’un fichier de programme
dans la zone de dialogue Export Film Lists.
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue Export Audio EDL depuis Final Cut Pro :
m Dans Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez Fichier > Exporter > EDL audio Cinema Tools. (Cette
commande n’est disponible que lorsque la Chronologie de Final Cut Pro est active ou
lorsque vous avez sélectionné une séquence dans le Navigateur.)68 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue Export Audio EDL depuis Cinema Tools :
1 Dans Cinema Tools, sélectionnez File > Export > Audio EDL from Program DB.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’affiche, sélectionnez le fichier de programme à utiliser,
puis cliquez sur Open.
La zone de dialogue Export Audio EDL s’affiche.
Consultez la section « Exportation d’une liste EDL audio » à la page 193 pour des détails
sur l’exportation de listes EDL audio.4
69
4 Création et utilisation d’une base
de données Cinema Tools
Le cœur de Cinema Tools est constitué par sa base de
données, qui offre de puissants outils d’organisation.
Une base de données Cinema Tools contient des enregistrements qui :
 décrivent vos plans sources ;
 effectuent le suivi du lien entre les bobines et le code de bordure du film (numéros
de bord, codification manuelle ou les deux) et les bandes et le timecode vidéo ;
 peuvent également effectuer le suivi d’autres éléments tels que les scènes, les plans,
les prises, les bandes son et le timecode audio.
Vous pouvez créer une base de données pour chaque projet de film. Grâce aux bases
de données, vous pouvez exporter des listes de film à partir desquelles le monteur de
film pourra savoir comment couper votre négatif original.
Hormis cet usage, les bases de données peuvent tout simplement servir d’outils
d’organisation. Ces derniers fonctionnent selon le code habituellement utilisé dans la
postproduction de films en gérant des éléments importants tels que la scène, le plan
et la prise ; la caméra et les bobines de laboratoire ; les numéros de code de bordure ;
les bandes vidéo et numéros de timecode ; les bandes son et les numéros de timecode
et les plans source.
Selon votre situation, il se peut que vous puissiez simplifier le processus de création de
la base de données en construisant celle-ci à partir d’une liste télécinéma ou en créant
un seul enregistrement de base de données par bobine.70 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Structure de base d’une base de données Cinema Tools
Une base de données contient des enregistrements. Chaque enregistrement décrit
un plan source. Un enregistrement peut être créé pour trois types de plans sources :
 Si vous avez utilisé un transfert scène-prise : vous disposez d’un enregistrement
de base de données par prise, chaque plan source correspondant à une prise.
 Si vous avez utilisé un transfert télécinéma caméra-bobine : vous disposez d’un
enregistrement de base de données par bobine dans lequel chaque plan source
correspond à une bobine (contenant habituellement plusieurs prises).
 Si vous avez subdivisé les plans source en groupes de prises : chaque enregistrement
de base de données est associé à un plan source contenant plusieurs prises.
Un plan source
comportant une prise
Take 1
Un enregistrement de
base de
donnée
Un plan source
comportant une bobine
Un enregistrement de
base de
données
Un plan source
comportant plusieurs prises
Take 1 Take 2 Take 3
Un enregis-
trement de
base de
donnéesChapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 71
I
Choix du mode de création de la base de données
Le mode de création de la base de données dépend de l’usage auquel vous la destinez et
de la disponibilité ou non d’une liste télécinéma ou d’un fichier ALE (Avid Log Exchange).
Si vous ne l’avez pas encore fait, jetez un coup d’œil à la section « Le flux de production
de Cinema Tools » à la page 37. Utilisez les exemples ci-dessous pour savoir quelles
étapes suivre pour créer votre base de données et capturer vos plans. Les étapes à
suivre et l’ordre à respecter dépendent de facteurs qui sont brièvement expliqués dans
les exemples de travail.
Réalisation de la capture avant la création de la base de données
Il est possible de capturer les plans sources avant de créer la base de données, puis de
construire la base de données Cinema Tools en important une liste de capture de lots
créée à l’aide Final Cut Pro. Cette méthode est plus compliquée que la création à partir
d’une liste télécinéma ou d’un fichier ALE car vous devez ensuite ajouter manuellement
les informations de numéros de bord et de bobine de film à chaque enregistrement.
Consultez à ce sujet la section « Importation des informations relatives à une base de
données dans une liste de capture de lots Final Cut Pro » à la page 89.
Si vous disposez d’une liste télécinéma ou d’un fichier ALE
Une liste télécinéma, que l’on nomme parfois aussi un fichier FLEX, est un fichier créé par
un technicien de télécinéma au cours d’un transfert télécinéma. Vous pouvez également
utiliser un fichier ALE (Avid Log Exchange) de la même manière qu’une liste télécinéma.
La liste télécinéma enregistre les numéros de bord du négatif caméra original et le
timecode du transfert vidéo, puis assure le suivi de leur lien.
Pour créer une base de données à partir d’une liste existante :
1 Créez une nouvelle base de données vide.
Consultez à ce sujet la section « Création et configuration d’une nouvelle base de
données » à la page 74.
Avantages de l’utilisation d’une liste télécinéma ou d’un fichier ALE
La création de votre base de données à partir d’une liste présente les avantages suivants :
 Gain de temps : vous pouvez créer des enregistrements à partir d’une liste télécinéma.
La création et la saisie des informations de chaque enregistrement ne se fait pas
manuellement. Vous pouvez ensuite créer une liste de capture par lot à partir de
la base de données, ce qui permet d’accélérer le processus de capture.
 Exactitude : si la liste ne contient aucune erreur, l’exactitude de la base de données
obtenue est assurée, ce qui vous épargne tout souci d’erreur de saisie éventuelle.
L’utilisation de la liste de capture par lot de la base de données permet aussi de
s’assurer que les fichiers de données source que vous capturez correspondent bien
aux informations qui figurent dans la base de données.72 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
2 Créez des enregistrements à partir de la liste.
Consultez à ce sujet la section « Importation d’informations à partir d’une liste
télécinéma ou d’un fichier ALE » à la page 85.
Si vous ne disposez pas d’une liste télécinéma ou
d’un fichier ALE
Bien qu’il soit plus rapide de créer une base de données à partir d’une liste, vous pouvez
également vous en passer.
Pour créer une base de données sans liste :
1 Créez une nouvelle base de données vide.
Consultez à ce sujet la section « Création et configuration d’une nouvelle base de
données » à la page 74.
2 Saisissez manuellement les informations des enregistrements.
Consultez à ce propos la section « Gain de temps potentiel lors du transfert camera-roll »
à la page 73 et « Saisie manuelle des informations de base de données » à la page 91.
Remarque : vous pourriez aussi capturer les plans sources avant de créer la base de
données et construire la base de données Cinema Tools en important une liste de
capture par lot créée dans Final Cut Pro. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Importation
des informations relatives à une base de données dans une liste de capture de lots
Final Cut Pro » à la page 89.
Le lien entre les numéros de code de bordure et le timecode est-il
continu ou discontinu ?
Le lien entre le numéro de code de bordure et la timecode dans une bobine est
continu si la bobine a été transférée vers la vidéo sans arrêt.
Le lien entre le numéro de code de bordure et le timecode est non continu si :
 vous avez utilisé le transfert télécinéma scene-and-take, c’est-à-dire que
l’enregistrement vidéo a été interrompu puis relancé entre chaque prise ;
 la bobine du film était composée de prises jointes les unes aux autres avant
d’être transférée sur bande vidéo.
Remarque : occasionnellement, le lien entre le numéro de code de bordure et le
timecode est brisé lorsque, au cours de la prise de vue, l’équipe de prise de vues a ouvert
une caméra pour en contrôler, nettoyer ou remplacer des pièces (on parle souvent de
contrôler le couloir). Dans les cas où la caméra est ouverte pour ces motifs, le film est en
général déchargé, puis rechargé. Il se peut qu’il soit rechargé sur un numéro de
perforation différent. Cela signifie que le technicien du télécinéma devra s’arrêter, recadrer
et faire une coupe, ce qui entraînera une rupture du lien entre les numéros de code de
bordure et le timecode dans la bobine. Cela doit apparaître dans la liste télécinéma.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 73
I
Gain de temps potentiel lors du transfert camera-roll
Si vous effectuez un transfert camera-roll et que vous devez créer manuellement votre
base de données, gagnez du temps en créant un enregistrement par bobine, en
fonction du caractère continu ou non du lien entre les numéros du code de bordure
et le timecode pour chaque transfert camera-roll.
Si le lien code de bordure/timecode est continu sur chaque bobine
Vous pouvez créer un enregistrement de base de données par bobine et Cinema Tools peut
utiliser la méthode des timecodes pour localiser les enregistrements de base de données
pour créer des listes de films. Dans ce cas, chaque bobine représente un plan source.
Tant que vous créez des enregistrements de base de données précis pour les bobines,
Cinema Tools sera capable de créer des listes de films précises. Toutefois, si vous connectez
aussi les plans sources aux enregistrements de base de données, vous augmentez les
chances de pouvoir réaliser un mise en correspondance correcte même en cas d’erreur de
timecode. Pour en savoir plus, consultez les sections « Flux de production pour un
transfert camera-roll (méthode basée sur le timecode) » à la page 52 et « Création de
listes de films avec Cinema Tools » à la page 245.
Il peut s’avérer utile, même si le lien code de bordure/timecode est continu, de prendre
le temps de créer un enregistrement par plan source afin de pouvoir travailler de façon
plus organisée. Par exemple :
 Une base de données peut servir à vérifier sur quelle bande son se trouve une prise
particulière ou quelle bobine de laboratoire contient le négatif dont vous avez besoin.
 Vous pouvez prévoir des enregistrements pour chaque plan afin de pouvoir ajouter
des commentaires sur différents plans.
 Chaque enregistrement de la base de données contient une affiche du plan
correspondant, ce qui permet de se repérer visuellement et d’accéder à un plan
pour le lire dans sa totalité à partir de la base de données.
Si le lien code de bordure/timecode est discontinu sur chaque bobine
Vous devez créer des enregistrements de base de données séparés pour chaque plan
et connecter chaque plan à l’enregistrement correspondant. Chaque enregistrement
doit contenir le numéro de bord ou la codification manuelle de la première image du
plan correspondant afin que Cinema Tools puisse suivre parfaitement le lien entre le
numéro du code de bordure et le timecode tout au long de votre séquence.74 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Autres usages de la base de données
Vous pouvez également utiliser votre base de données à d’autres fins que de faire
coïncider la vidéo et le film. Si c’est le cas, tenez compte de ce qui suit avant de créer
vos bases de données :
 Bases de données individuelles pour les rushes : si vous disposez de rushes quotidiens
à traiter et à synchroniser séparément, vous pouvez créer des bases de données
individuelles pour chaque session quotidienne. Pensez alors à utiliser la date des
rushes comme intitulé de chaque fichier de base de données. Vous pouvez ensuite
les fusionner dans une base de données principale en important toutes les bases
de données dans une seule base de données.
 Création d’une liste EDL audio (Edit Decision List) : si vous prévoyez de fournir une liste
audio EDL à la postproduction audio, vérifiez que les informations de timecode audio,
timecode vidéo et la bande son ont bien été saisies pour chaque enregistrement de
base de données. La création de la base de données par importation de la liste
télécinéma est la façon la plus facile et la plus efficace de s’assurer que toutes les
informations nécessaires figurent bien dans la base de données.
Création et configuration d’une nouvelle base de données
Lorsque vous créez une nouvelle base de données Cinema Tools, vous définissez des
réglages par défaut pour le projet dans la zone de dialogue New Database.
Remarque : lorsque vous importez les données qui figurent dans la liste télécinéma, le
format de film, la vitesse du timecode vidéo, la vitesse du timecode audio et la vitesse
télécinéma de la liste sont définis automatiquement dans Cinema Tools. Les informations
contenues dans la liste télécinéma ont la priorité sur les réglages par défaut. Cinema Tools
utilisera donc les réglages de la liste même sils diffèrent des réglages par défaut.
Vous pouvez créer une nouvelle base de données à l’aide de Cinema Tools ou de
Final Cut Pro.
Création d’une nouvelle base de données à l’aide de
Cinema Tools
Vous pouvez créer une nouvelle base de données et définir ses réglages par défaut
directement dans Cinema Tools.
Pour créer une nouvelle base de données :
1 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Ouvrez Cinema Tools et cliquez sur Create a New Database dans la fenêtre Welcome,
si elle apparaît.
 Choisissez Database > New Database (ou appuyez sur Commande + Maj + N).
Remarque : le menu New Database ne sera pas disponible si une base de données
Cinema Tools est ouverte. Fermez toute base de données ouverte pour pouvoir
accéder à la commande de menu New Database.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 75
I
2 Dans la zone de dialogue New Database, définissez des réglages par défaut pour votre
base de données, puis cliquez sur OK. Consultez la section « Réglages de la zone de
dialogue Nouvelle base de donées » à la page 77 pour des informations sur les réglages.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue Create a new database, choisissez un emplacement pour
le fichier et donnez-lui un nom.
Une base de données vide est créée dans laquelle vous pouvez saisir des informations.
Pour savoir comment procéder, consultez la section « Saisie d’informations dans la base
de données » à la page 85.
Création d’une nouvelle base de données à l’aide de
Final Cut Pro
Vous pouvez utiliser deux méthodes pour créer une base de données Cinema Tools
à l’aide de Final Cut Pro :
 Synchronisation d’un ensemble de plans avec une nouvelle base de données
 Importation d’un fichier de liste télécinéma dans une nouvelle base de données
Synchronisation d’un ensemble de plans sélectionnés pour créer une
nouvelle base de données
Vous pouvez utiliser la commande Synchroniser avec Cinema Tools si vous voulez ajouter
un ou plusieurs plans des plans qui figurent dans le Navigateur de Final Cut Pro dans une
nouvelle base de données Cinema Tools. Cela peut s’avérer utile lorsque vous avez capturé
un ensemble de plans manuellement mais ne disposez pas de la liste télécinéma
correspondante ou lorsque vous souhaitez créer une base de données séparée pour
un ensemble de plans qui figure déjà dans une base de données.
Pour créer une nouvelle base de données à l’aide de la commande Synchroniser
avec Cinema Tools :
1 Dans le Navigateur de Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez les plans à ajouter dans la nouvelle
base de données Cinema Tools.
Il peut s’agir de plans qui figurent déjà dans une base de données ou de nouveaux
plans qui ne figurent encore dans aucune base de données. 76 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
2 Choisissez Outils > Synchroniser avec Cinema Tools.
Une zone de dialogue apparaît dans laquelle vous pouvez configurer le processus
de synchronisation.
Le champ Base de donées indique la base de données sélectionnée.
3 Sélectionnez la case Ajouter de nouveaux enregistrements.
Cette option doit être sélectionnée en cas de synchronisation avec une nouvelle base
de données.
4 Sélectionnez la case Connecter automatiquement si vous voulez que la base de
données connecte automatiquement les plans à tout nouvel enregistrement qui est
créé dans la base de données.
5 Cliquez sur Nouvelle base de données pour créer une nouvelle base de données
Cinema Tools.
6 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, saisissez le nom et l’emplacement de la base de
données et configurez ses réglages par défaut. Consultez la section « Réglages de la
zone de dialogue Nouvelle base de donées » à la page 77 pour des informations sur ces
réglages.
7 Pour fermer la zone de dialogue, cliquez sur Save lorsque vous avez fini.
8 Cliquez sur OK.
Une nouvelle base de données Cinema Tools est créée et les plans sélectionnés y sont
ajoutés en même temps que toutes les informations relatives au film qu’ils peuvent
contenir. Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 77
I
Consultez la section « Synchronisation de plans Final Cut Pro avec Cinema Tools » à la
page 155 pour en savoir plus sur la commande Synchronize with Cinema Tools, y compris
sur la façon de l’utiliser pour synchroniser des plans avec une base de données existante.
Importation d’un fichier de liste télécinéma pour créer une nouvelle
base de données
Lorsque vous importez un fichier de liste télécinéma dans Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez
choisir de l’importer dans une base de données Cinema Tools existante ou dans une
nouvelle. Consultez la section « Importation de listes télécinéma à l’aide de
Final Cut Pro » à la page 87 pour en savoir plus.
Réglages de la zone de dialogue Nouvelle base de donées
Au moment de choisir vos réglages, rappelez-vous les points suivants :
 Le fait de sélectionner des réglages par défaut ne vous oblige pas à les utiliser dans
les enregistrements de la base de données. Les réglages par défaut sont appliqués
automatiquement aux nouveaux enregistrements de base de données, mais vous
pouvez changer le format de film, la vitesse du timecode vidéo et la vitesse du
timecode audio pour chaque plan séparément dans la fenêtre Detail View.
 Lorsque vous importez les données qui figurent dans la liste télécinéma, le format de film,
la vitesse du timecode vidéo, la vitesse du timecode audio et la vitesse télécinéma de la
liste sont définis automatiquement dans Cinema Tools. Les informations contenues dans
la liste télécinéma ont la priorité sur les réglages par défaut. Cinema Tools utilisera donc
les réglages de la liste même s’ils diffèrent des réglages par défaut.
Pour modifier des réglages par défaut, consultez la section « Modification des réglages
de base de données par défaut » à la page 106.
? Astuce : si vous combinez des bases de données existantes ou si vous voulez contrôler des
attributs tels que les réglages par défaut, les noms de fichier et les dates de modification
d’une base de données existante, choisissez Database > Database Properties. La zone de
dialogue Database Properties affiche le chemin d’accès complet et la taille du fichier de
la base de données, ainsi que ses dates de création et de modification. Vous pouvez voir
les réglages de projet par défaut pour le format de film, la vitesse du timecode vidéo et
la vitesse du timecode audio.78 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Format de film
Cinema Tools prend en charge les formats 35 mm à 4 perforations, 35 mm à 3 perforations
et 16 mm-20. (Consultez l’annexe A, « Principes généraux », à la page 231 pour des
informations sur ces formats.)
Le même film est généralement utilisé pour tout le projet afin de conserver le format.
Vous pouvez cependant choisir un format différent pour chaque prise dans la fenêtre
Detail View. Si par exemple certains de vos plans sont inversés alors que la majorité
sont normaux, vous pouvez spécifier le format de film inversé pour ces plans dans la
fenêtre Detail View.
Pour choisir un format de film par défaut :
m Sélectionnez le format de film utilisé dans le projet dans le menu local Film Standard :
 35 mm 4p : film 35 mm, 4 perforations par image
 16 mm 20 : film 16 mm, 20 images par numéro de bord
 35 mm 3p : film 35 mm, 3 perforations par image
Vitesse du timecode (Video TC Rate)
Cinema Tools gère quatre vitesses de timecode vidéo. Consultez l’annexe A, « Principes
généraux », à la page 231 pour des informations sur les vitesses de timecode. Le laboratoire
qui transfère votre film sur bande vidéo peut vous dire quel type de timecode est
enregistré sur la bande vidéo.
Pour choisir une vitesse de timecode vidéo par défaut :
m Sélectionnez le type de timecode enregistré sur les bandes vidéo pour votre projet
dans le menu local Video TC Rate :
 30 NDF : Timecode Non-drop frame NTSC à 29,97 ips
 30 DF : Timecode NTSC drop frame à 29.97 ips
 25 FPS : Timecode PAL à 25 ips
 24 FPS : Timecode vidéo à 24 ips ou 23,98 ipsChapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 79
I
Vitesse du timecode audio
Le timecode est généralement enregistré en même temps que les pistes sonores sur les
bandes son de production. Ce timecode peut être utilisé pour localiser l’audio d’un plan
particulier. Par ailleurs, de nombreux systèmes l’utilisent pour synchroniser l’audio et la
vidéo. La saisie des bandes audio et du timecode audio dans la base de données vise
principalement à faire correspondre l’audio à une liste EDL audio, opération expliquée
à la section « Exportation d’une liste EDL audio » à la page 193.
Pour choisir une vitesse de timecode audio par défaut :
m Sélectionnez le type de timecode enregistré sur les bandes son de production dans
le menu local Sound TC Rate :
 30 NDF : Timecode Non-drop frame NTSC à 29,97 ips
 30 DF : Timecode NTSC drop frame à 29.97 ips
 25 FPS : Timecode PAL à 25 ips
 24 FPS : Timecode vidéo à 24 ips ou 23,98 ips
Vitesse télécinéma
La vitesse télécinéma (appelée TK Speed dans la fenêtre Detail View, dans la sous-fenêtre
Identify de la fenêtre Clip et, facultativement, dans la fenêtre Navigateur de Final Cut Pro)
fait référence à la fréquence d’images du film dans le matériel de télécinéma durant le
transfert sur bande vidéo.
Si vous travaillez avec la vidéo NTSC, vous choisirez généralement une vitesse télécinéma
de 24 ips, alors que la vitesse télécinéma réelle est d’approximativement 23,98 ips. Le
menu local Telecine Speed vous permet aussi de sélectionner une vitesse de 30 ips car
il est possible de transférer un film vers une vidéo NTSC lorsque le film tourne à une
vitesse de 30 ips (en réalité 29,97 ips).
Si vous travaillez sur vidéo PAL, consultez la section « Infos générales sur la vitesse de
défilement des images » à la page 23 pour savoir quelle vitesse choisir.
Si votre film a été transféré sur bande vidéo à une vitesse télécinéma de 24 ips, sélectionnez
24 ips comme vitesse télécinéma. Si votre film a été transféré sur bande vidéo à une vitesse
téléciméma de 25 ips, choisissez 25 ips.80 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Pour choisir une vitesse télécinéma par défaut :
m Dans le menu local Telecine Speed, sélectionnez la vitesse à laquelle le film a été transféré :
 24 : vitesse télécinéma de 24 ips ou 23,98 ips
 25 : vitesse télécinéma de 25 ips
 30 : vitesse télécinéma de 29.97 ips
Utilisation de la base de données
Pour utiliser la base de données, vous devez savoir réaliser les tâches suivantes :
 Ouvrir une base de données existante
 Recherche et ouverture d’enregistrements de base de donnée
 Sauvegarde, copie, renommage et verrouillage de bases de données
 Accéder aux informations relatives à un plan.
Ouvrir une base de données existante
La première étape, lorsque vous utilisez une base de données, consiste à l’ouvrir.
Pour ouvrir une base de données existante :
m Choisissez Database > Open Database (ou appuyez sur Commande + Maj + O), puis
sélectionnez la base de données souhaitée dans la zone de dialogue.
Tous les enregistrements de la base de données ouverte sont répertoriés dans la
fenêtre List View.
Remarque : si une base de données était ouverte, elle se ferme.
Recherche et ouverture d’enregistrements de base de donnée
Les enregistrements sont généralement ouverts à partir de la fenêtre List View. Le groupe
d’enregistrements qui apparaît dans cette fenêtre est souvent appelé (ensemble trouvé)
found set, car vous avez utilisé la commande Find pour spécifier ces enregistrements.
Pour afficher un enregistrement de la base de données dans la fenêtre Detail View :
m Sélectionnez l’enregistrement dans la fenêtre List View. Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 81
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Pour afficher des enregistrements particuliers dans la fenêtre List View :
m Utilisez la zone de dialogue Find. Consultez la section sur l’utilisation de la commande
Find (ci-dessous) pour des détails.
Pour naviguer dans les enregistrements de la fenêtre Detail View :
m Cliquez sur les boutons Previous Record et Next Record.
Pour rechercher un numéro de bord :
m Dans la fenêtre List View, choisissez Keycode dans le menu local, puis cliquez sur
le titre de la colonne Keycode pour effectuer le tri par numéro de bord.
Consultez la section « Fenêtre List View » à la page 56 pour en savoir plus.
Pour utiliser la commande Find afin de rechercher des enregistrements dans
la base de données ouverte :
1 Ouvrez la zone de dialogue Find en procédant de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Choisissez Database > Find (ou appuyez sur Commande + F).
 Cliquez sur le bouton Find dans la fenêtre List View.
Boutons Previous Record
et Next Record82 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
2 Choisissez l’un des éléments suivants dans le menu local Results :
 Replace Current Found Records : les enregistrements trouvés remplacent ceux qui sont
affichés dans la fenêtre List View.
 Add to Current Found Records : les enregistrements trouvés sont ajoutés à ceux de
la fenêtre List View.
? Astuce : l’option Add to Current Found Records est utile lorsque vous souhaitez rechercher
des enregistrements de plus d’une scène, mais pas pour toutes les scènes. Par exemple,
pour n’afficher que les enregistrements des scènes 5 et 6, choisissez Replace Current
Found Records, saisissez « 5 » dans le champ Scene, puis cliquez sur Find Records. Ensuite,
choisissez Add to Current Found Records, saisissez « 6 » dans le champ Scene, et cliquez
sur Find Records. Seuls les enregistrements des scènes 5 et 6 apparaissent dans la fenêtre
List View.
3 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Pour rechercher tous les enregistrements qui figurent dans la base de données ouverte :
laissez les champs Scene et Take vides et cliquez sur Show All Records.
 Pour rechercher tous les enregistrements relatifs à une scène ou un plan particulier :
saisissez l’identifiant de la scène ou du plan dans le champ Scene, laissez le champ Take
vide, puis cliquez sur le bouton Find Records. (Le champ Take est ignoré, à moins que
vous ne sélectionniez la case Show only exact matches.)
Par exemple, si vous saisissez « 1 » dans le champ Scene puis cliquez sur Find Records,
Cinema Tools recherche tous les enregistrements associés à la scène 1, y compris les
plans 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, etc. Si vous saisissez « 1A » dans le champ Scene, seuls les
enregistrements du plan 1A sont recherchés.
 Pour rechercher l’enregistrement relatif à une scène ou prise particulière : saisissez les
identifiants de la scène et de la prise dans les champs Scene et Take, sélectionnez
Show only exact matches, puis cliquez sur Find Records.
Les enregistrements trouvés apparaissent dans la fenêtre List View.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 83
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Détails relatifs à la scène, le plan et la prise
La façon dont Cinema Tools interprète les numéros de scène peut donner des résultats
inattendus lors de l’utilisation de la zone de dialogue Find.
Cinema Tools traite les numéro de scène comme ayant jusqu’à quatre parties :
 Préfixe : partie facultative composée d’une ou plusieurs lettres qui figure devant le
numéro de scène, généralement utilisée pour identifier une scène nouvelle et unique
ajoutée au script. Par exemple, le « A » dans la scène A54C-3. Les préfixes n’identifient
toutefois pas toujours des scènes uniques, les lettres utilisées dans le préfixe contrôlent
la façon dont ils affectent l’utilisation de la zone de dialogue Find (décrit plus loin).
 Numéro de scène : le premier groupe de chiffres. Selon le préfixe, il peut s’agir du
numéro de scène entier, bien qu’avec certains préfixes, le préfixe fasse partie intégrante
du numéro de scène (comme décrit plus loin).
 Suffixe : groupe d’une ou plusieurs lettres qui suit le numéro de scène et qui identifie
le plan de la scène. Par exemple, le « C » dans la scène A54C-3.
 Numéro de prise : numéro qui suit le suffixe (indicateur de prise) qui identifie la
prise. Il est généralement précédé par un trait d’union (que vous n’avez pas besoin
de saisir dans la zone de dialogue Find). Par exemple, le « 3 » dans la scène A54C-3.
La difficulté consiste à déterminer si le préfixe indique une scène unique ou pas. Les
préfixes qui utilisent les lettres de A à D sont traités comme faisant référence à des scènes
uniques. Les préfixes qui utilisent les lettres de E à Z sont traités comme étant des lettres
de modification du numéro de scène, mais pas comme indiquant une scène unique. Par
exemple, si vous utilisez la zone de dialogue Find pour rechercher la scène 54, vous
trouverez les enregistrements « 54, » « G54 » et « K54 » (qui sont tous considérés comme
étant la scène 54), mais pas « A54, » « B54, » « C54 » ni « D54 » (qui sont considérés
comme étant des scènes différentes).
Les suffixes identifient les plans qui composent une scène. Si vous recherchez la scène 54,
vous trouverez tous les plans de la scène 54, comme, par exemple, les enregistrements
« 54A » et « 54F », mais pas l’enregistrement « B54A » car le préfixe en fait une scène
différente. Les numéros de prise sont liés à des plans spécifiques qui, à leur tour, sont liés
à des scènes spécifiques. Si vous recherchez la scène « 54 », vous trouverez tous les plans
et toutes les prises de cette scène.
Si vous saisissez « 54A » dans le champ Scene de la zone de dialogue, vous ne trouverez
que les enregistrements relatifs au plan A de la scène 54 ; vous ne trouverez pas les
enregistrements relatifs à la scène 54B. Si vous saisissez un nombre dans le champ Take,
vous ne trouverez que les plans qui utilisent cette prise. Par exemple, saisir « 54A » dans
le champ Scene et « 3 » dans le champ Take ne vous permettra de trouver que
l’enregistrement « 54A-3 ». Saisir « 54 » dans le champ Scene (sans spécifier de plan) et
« 3 » dans le champ Take, vous permettra de trouver tous les enregistrements de la scène
54 qui ont une prise 3, comme, par exemple, les enregistrements « 54A-3 » et « 54D-3 ».84 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Sauvegarde, copie, renommage et verrouillage de bases
de données
Comme vous le faites avec toutes vos données importantes, veillez à réaliser des copies
de sauvegarde de vos fichiers de bases de données Cinema Tools et de verrouiller ces
fichiers afin de ne pas courir le risque de les modifier ou de les supprimer. Utilisez à cette
fin n’importe quelle méthode standard de copie et de verrouillage de fichiers. Vous
pouvez sauvegarder vos fichiers sur le disque dur de votre ordinateur ou sur une unité
de stockage amovible. Avant de verrouiller un fichier de base de données, assurez-vous
que la base des données est fermée.
Vous pouvez également employer la méthode standard de votre choix pour modifier le
nom d’un fichier de base de données. La modification du nom de fichier d’une base de
données (contrairement à la modification du nom de fichier d’un plan source) n’affecte
pas les fonctions de la base de données ni son contenu.
Important : il est déconseillé de modifier le nom de fichier d’un plan source (dans le
Finder) car cela entraîne la rupture du lien entre le plan source et la base de données.
Vous pouvez toutefois reconnecter des plans à la base de données à l’aide de la
commande Reconnect.
Accès à des informations sur un plan source
La sous-fenêtre Analysis de la fenêtre Clip vous permet d’accéder à des informations
spécifiques sur un plan source.
La sous-fenêtre Analysis affiche le chemin complet (l’emplacement) et le nom du fichier
ainsi que la taille et les dates de création et de modification de ce dernier. La durée du
plan y est également indiquée.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 85
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Apparaissent aussi des informations relatives aux différentes piste d’un plan :
 Pour les pistes vidéo : vous voyez les dimensions de l’image et la fréquence d’images,
le compresseur utilisé et la qualité de la compression, le débit de données et s’il s’agit
d’un fichier autonome ou d’un fichier de données de référence. Consultez la section
« La différence entre les fichiers de données autonomes et les fichiers de données de
référence » à la page 149 pour en savoir plus.
 Pour les pistes audio : vous voyez la fréquence d’échantillonnage et le nombre de canaux
pour jusqu’à deux pistes.
Saisie d’informations dans la base de données
Comme l’explique la section « Choix du mode de création de la base de données » à la
page 71, il existe deux méthodes principales pour créer une base de données :
 Vous pouvez générer la base de données en important une liste télécinéma, un fichier
ALE ou une liste de capture par lot Final Cut Pro.
 Vous pouvez saisir manuellement les informations.
Même si vous créez votre base de données à partir d’une liste télécinéma, il est probable
que vous deviez ultérieurement apporter des modifications ou faire des ajouts aux
enregistrements. Procédez à ces changements via les fenêtres Detail View ou Clip. (Dans
la fenêtre Clip, vous ne pouvez modifier que des enregistrements de base de données
existants.)
Important : pour pouvoir saisir des informations dans une base de données, vous devez
disposer d’une base de données existante. Pour créer une base de données vide, consultez
la section « Création et configuration d’une nouvelle base de données » à la page 74.
Importation des informations de la base de données
Vous pouvez créer une base de données en important les données d’une liste télécinéma,
d’un fichier ALE, d’une liste de capture par lot Final Cut Pro ou d’une base de données
Cinema Tools existante.
Importation d’informations à partir d’une liste télécinéma ou
d’un fichier ALE
Vous pouvez saisir des informations dans la base de données en important la liste
télécinéma provenant du transfert film vers vidéo.
Cinema Tools gère les listes télécinéma suivantes :
 Fichiers de listes télécinéma ATN de Aaton
 Fichiers d’historique FLX (Film Log EDL Exchange, généralement abrégé en FLEx)
provenant du logiciel TLC (Time Logic Controller software)86 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
 Fichiers d’historique FTL (Film Transfer List) provenant d’Evertz
 Fichiers ALE (Avid Log Exchange) (différent des listes télécinéma du point de vue
technique, mais contiennent les mêmes informations)
Vous pouvez importer des fichiers de liste télécinéma à l’aide de soit Cinema Tools
soit Final Cut Pro.
Attribution de lettres de caméra
Pour importer le fichier de liste télécinéma à l’aide de Cinema Tools ou de Final Cut Pro,
vous pouvez attribuer une lettre de caméra de A à E à tous les enregistrements importés.
La lettre de caméra est ajoutée à l’entrée de prise de chaque enregistrement.
Cela est utile en cas d’utilisation de plusieurs caméras par prise, les lettres permettant
de distinguer aisément les plans des différentes caméras. De plus, si vous configurez
un multiplan dans Final Cut Pro, les lettres de caméra seront utilisées pour créer les
différents angles.
Importation de listes télécinéma à l’aide de Cinema Tools
Pour importer une liste télécinéma dans Cinema Tools, vous devez d’abord disposer
d’une base de données ouverte. La base de données peut être une base de données
existante à laquelle vous ajoutez de nouveaux enregistrements ou une nouvelle sans
enregistrement.
Pour importer une liste télécinéma à l’aide de Cinema Tools :
1 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Ouvrez une base de données Cinema Tools existante. Consultez la section « Ouvrir
une base de données existante » à la page 80 pour en savoir plus.
 Créez une nouvelle base de données Cinema Tools. Consultez la section « Création
et configuration d’une nouvelle base de données » à la page 74 pour en savoir plus.
2 Importez le fichier de liste télécinéma en choisissant File > Import > Telecine Log (ou
en appuyant sur Commande + L).
3 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’ouvre, sélectionnez la liste télécinéma ou le fichier ALE.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 87
I
4 Pour affecter une lettre de caméra aux enregistrements importés, sélectionnez la case
Append a camera letter et choisissez une lettre de caméra dans le menu local.
5 Cliquez sur Open.
Les données de la liste sont importées dans la base de données ouverte et chaque
nouvel enregistrement est affiché dans la fenêtre List View.
Une fois que Cinema Tools a fini de créer les enregistrements pour une liste télécinéma,
il affiche le nombre d’événements que la liste contient et le nombre de ces événements
qui ont été importés dans la base de données. Certaines entrées de la liste télécinéma
font référence à des coupes pour lesquelles aucune donnée de film n’a été transférée.
Aucun enregistrement n’est créé pour ces entrées.
Une fois que les enregistrements ont été importés, vous pouvez exporter une liste de
capture par lot de Cinema Tools que vous pouvez ensuite importer dans Final Cut Pro
pour automatiser le processus de capture des plans. Consultez la section « Génération
d’une liste de capture par lot dans Cinema Tools » à la page 115 pour en savoir plus.
Importation de listes télécinéma à l’aide de Final Cut Pro
Lorsque vous importez une liste télécinéma à l’aide de Final Cut Pro, vous spécifiez si vous
voulez l’importer dans une base de données Cinema Tools existante ou créer une nouvelle
base de données.
Lors de l’ajout d’enregistrements à la base de données Cinema Tools sélectionnée, chaque
enregistrement crée un plan offline dans le Navigateur de Final Cut Pro pour que les plans
puissent être capturés par lot. Les informations relatives au film qui figurent dans la liste
télécinéma sont aussi ajoutées à chacun de ces plans.
Pour importer une liste télécinéma à l’aide de Final Cut Pro :
1 Créez un nouveau projet ou ouvrez un projet existant.
Ce projet contient les plans offline créés lors de l’importation du fichier de liste télécinéma.
2 Sélectionnez le projet dans le Navigateur.
3 Choisissez Fichier > Importer > Liste télécinéma Cinema Tools.88 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
La zone de dialogue d’importation de liste télécinéma Cinema Tools est alors affichée.
4 Utilisez la partie supérieure de la zone de dialogue pour sélectionner le fichier de liste
télécinéma à importer.
5 Pour affecter une lettre de caméra aux enregistrements importés, sélectionnez la case
Ajouter une lettre à la caméra et choisissez une lettre de caméra dans le menu local.
6 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Cliquez sur Nouvelle base de donées pour créer une nouvelle base de données
Cinema Tools dans laquelle importer le fichier de liste télécinéma. Cela a pour effet
d’ouvrir une nouvelle zone de dialogue dans laquelle vous pouvez saisir le nom et
l’emplacement de la base de données ainsi que configurer ses réglages par défaut.
Consultez la section « Réglages de la zone de dialogue Nouvelle base de donées » à la
page 77 pour des informations sur ces réglages. Cliquez sur Enregistrer lorsque vous
avez fini.
 Cliquez sur Choisir une base de donées pour ouvrir une zone de dialogue dans
laquelle vous pouvez sélectionner la base de données existante dans laquelle vous
voulez importer les enregistrements du fichier de liste télécinéma. Cliquez sur Ouvrir
lorsque vous avez fini.
Sélectionnez le fichier
de liste télécinéma à
importer.
Choisissez de créer une
nouvelle base de données
ou d’importer le fichier
dans une base de données.
Choisissez la lettre de
caméra à ajouter aux
prises importées (si
nécessaire).
Indique le nom de la
base de données
sélectionnée.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 89
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La base de données sélectionnée, nouvelle ou préexistante, apparaît dans le champ
Base de donées de la zone de dialogue d’importation de liste télécinéma Cinema Tools.
7 Cliquez sur Ouvrir pour importer le fichier de liste télécinéma sélectionné dans la base
de données Cinema Tools sélectionnée.
Une fois que les enregistrements ont été importés et que les plans offline ont été ajoutés
au Navigateur, vous pouvez utiliser Final Cut Pro pour capturer les plans par lot. Consultez
la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour des informations sur la capture de plans par lot.
Importation des informations relatives à une base de données dans
une liste de capture de lots Final Cut Pro
Il se peut que vous souhaitiez créer des enregistrements de base de données en important
une liste de capture par lot Final Cut Pro si :
 vous ne disposez pas de liste télécinéma ni de fichier ALE ;
 vous avez déjà capturé par lots les plans dont vous voulez disposer dans Final Cut Pro
et vous voulez que des enregistrements soient créés dans la base de données pour ces
plans sources et non pour les prises énumérées dans votre liste télécinéma.
Remarque : la création d’enregistrements dans la base de données à partir d’une liste de
capture par lot Final Cut Pro n’est pas l’idéal, car vous perdez l’avantage d’utiliser une liste
télécinéma ou un fichier ALE pour construire votre base de données. Ainsi, une liste de
capture par lot Final Cut Pro ne contient pas d’indication de numéro de bord ou de
bobine de caméra ou de laboratoire, des informations qui seraient importées d’une
liste télécinéma. Consultez également la section « Avantages de l’utilisation d’une liste
télécinéma ou d’un fichier ALE » à la page 71.
? Astuce : dans la plupart des cas, au lieu d’exporter une liste de capture par lot Final Cut Pro,
puis de l’importer dans une base de données Cinema Tools, utilisez la fonction Final Cut Pro
intitulée « Synchroniser avec Cinema Tools ». Consultez la section « Synchronisation de
plans Final Cut Pro avec Cinema Tools » à la page 155 pour en savoir plus.
Pour importer les informations relatives à une base de données dans une liste de
capture par lot Final Cut Pro :
1 Assurez-vous qu’une base de données Cinema Tools est ouverte.
2 Dans Cinema Tools, sélectionnez File > Import > Final Cut Pro Batch List.
3 Dans la boîte de dialogue qui apparaît, sélectionnez la liste de capture par lot que vous
avez exportée depuis Final Cut Pro.
4 Cliquez sur Open pour importer la liste de capture par lot.
Les données de la liste sont utilisées pour créer les enregistrements de la base de données. 90 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Remarque : les plans sources ne sont pas encore connectés à des enregistrements de
la base de données. Vous devez utiliser la commande Connect Clips pour les relier. Pour
en savoir plus, consultez la section « Utilisation de la commande Connect Clips pour
connecter des plans sources » à la page 123.
5 Dans chaque enregistrement, saisissez le numéro du code de bordure et l’identifiant de
la bobine de film (ces éléments sont nécessaires pour créer une cut list ou une liste de
modification).
Remarque : étant donné qu’une liste de capture par lot Final Cut Pro contient tout ce
qui apparaît dans le Navigateur Final Cut Pro, il se peut qu’elle contienne des plans ou
des séquences dont vous ne voulez pas. Procédez par conséquent à la suppression de
tous les enregistrements inutiles. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Suppression d’un
enregistrement de la base de données » à la page 105.
Importation d’une base de données Cinema Tools existante
Il est possible d’importer une base de données Cinema Tools dans une autre base de
données Cinema Tools. Cette opération peut s’avérer nécessaire dans les cas suivants :
 Il se peut que vous souhaitiez créer des bases de données séparées à des fins
d’organisation et d’archivage, puis les rassembler au sein d’une base de données
maîtresse. Des bases de données séparées peuvent être utiles pour vos rushes par
exemple. Si vous souhaitez gérer vos rushes en créant une base de données portant
une date comme nom pour chacun des jours de tournage, vous pouvez importer la liste
télécinéma pour la session quotidienne en question, exporter une liste de capture par
lot, capturer les plans, puis utiliser la commande Connect Clips de Cinema Tools pour
connecter tous les plans à ce fichier de base de données portant une date comme nom.
Ensuite, vous pouvez importer ce fichier de base de données dans une base de données
maîtresse contenant toutes les bases de données quotidiennes.
 Si vous devez corriger les réglages de projet par défaut d’une base de données.
Pour ce faire, créez une nouvelle base de données vide avec les réglages par défaut
corrects, puis import votre fichier de base de données original dans la nouvelle.
Pour importer un fichier de base de données dans un autre fichier :
1 Ouvrez la base de données dans laquelle vous avez importé un autre fichier de base
de données en choisissant Database > Open Database (ou en appuyant sur
Commande + Maj + O), puis en sélectionnant la base de données dans la zone de dialogue.
2 Choisissez File > Import > Database.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’affiche, sélectionnez la base de données à importer.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 91
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Saisie manuelle des informations de base de données
Vous pouvez utiliser la fenêtre Detail View pour modifier manuellement les informations des
enregistrements. Vous devez d’abord créer des enregistrements dans la base de données.
Remarque : si un enregistrement de base de données a déjà été créé pour un plan, vous
pouvez aussi utiliser la fenêtre Identify de la fenêtre Clip pour saisir des informations.
Consultez la section « Utilisation de la fonction Identify pour saisir et calculer des
informations de base de données » à la page 102 pour en savoir plus.
Description du lien entre les scènes, les plans et les prises
Pour saisir des informations de scène, de plan et de prise dans la base de données,
vous devez savoir comment les scènes, les plans et les prises sont compris par la base
de données.
Un film est composé d’une série de scènes et chaque scène est généralement
composée de plusieurs plans ou angles de vue. Un plan est un enregistrement continu
sans interruptions. Lors d’un tournage, il peut y avoir plusieurs prises par plan, une prise
est donc une version d’un plan. Une scène peut compter plusieurs plans. Le tableau cidessous présente un exemple de lien entre les scènes, les prises et les plans dans une
base de données Cinema Tools.
Scène 1
Prise de vue
1A
Prise de vue
1
Prise de vue
1B
Prise 1
Prise 2
Prise 4
Prise 2
Prise 3
Prise 5
Clap 1-1
Clap 1-2
Clap 1-4
Clap 1A-2
Clap 1A-3
Clap 1B-592 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Création d’un enregistrement de base de données
Vous devez créer des enregistrements de base de données si vous saisissez les informations
de base de données manuellement.
Pour créer un enregistrement :
1 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Choisissez Database > New Record (ou appuyez sur Commande + N).
 Cliquez sur New Record dans la fenêtre Detail View.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, saisissez des identifiants pour la scène et la prise
ou laissez ces champs vides, puis cliquez sur OK. Pour en savoir plus, lisez l’encadré
ci-dessous « Utilisation d’identifiants de scène, de plan et de prise, ».
Remarque : il n’est pas nécessaire de saisir quoi que ce soit dans les champs Scene et Take
pour utiliser Cinema Tools pour mettre en correspondance vos modifications numériques
et vos négatifs de caméra originaux. Vous pouvez laisser ces champs vides ou les compléter
ultérieurement. Souvenez-vous aussi que les entrées de scène et de prise sont utilisées
pour créer les noms des plans, si vous exportez une liste de capture par lot. Consultez
la section « Génération d’une liste de capture par lot dans Cinema Tools » à la page 115
pour en savoir plus.
La fenêtre Detail View apparaît une fois que vous cliquez sur OK.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 93
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Utilisation d’identifiants de scène, de plan et de prise
Un identifiant peut comprendre des chiffres et des lettres et compter jusqu’à
15 caractères.
 Take identifier : si le plan source associé à un enregistrement de base de données
contient plus d’une prise, vous pouvez vous représenter l’identifiant de prise comme
un identifiant de sous-plan source. Si le plan source associé à un enregistrement
de base de données ne contient qu’une seule prise, vous pouvez vous représenter
l’identifiant de prise comme un identifiant de plan source.
 Scene identifier : l’identifiant que vous saisissez dans le champ Scene identifie en
réalité tant la scène que le plan (la position de la caméra) pour le plan en question.
On inscrit généralement dans ce champ la combinaison de lettres ou de chiffres qui
apparaît dans le champ Scene du clap. La méthode généralement employée pour
identifier les scènes et les plans est d’attribuer un chiffre à la scène et d’ajouter une
lettre pour spécifier le plan de la scène. Ainsi, si un clap indique « Scène 12B », il fait
référence à la prise B de la scène 12. Cette information est reflétée dans la fenêtre
Detail View ; le premier nombre indiqué dans le champ Scene apparaît en regard
du mot « Scene » dans la fenêtre Detail View. En regard du mot « Shot », par contre,
tant le numéro que la lettre apparaissent.
Par exemple, si vous saisissez « 1D » dans le champ Scene, vous voyez apparaître
ce qui suit dans le coin supérieur gauche de la fenêtre Detail View :
 « 1 » en regard du mot « Scene »
 « 1D » en regard du mot « Shot »
Astuce : dans le champ Scene, vous pouvez saisir une lettre (de A à D) devant le premier
numéro, elle fera partie intégrante de l’identifiant de scène. Ajouter une lettre devant un
identifiant de scène est une convention d’appellation utile lorsque vous devez ajouter une
scène au milieu d’une série de scènes. Imaginons, que vous ajoutiez une scène nommée
A2 entre la scène 1 et la scène 2. Le nouvel ordre serait donc scène 1, scène A2, scène 2,
scène 3, et ainsi de suite. L’ajout d’autres lettres (de E à Z) n’ajoute pas de nouvelle scène.
Par exemple, la scène G2 est identique à la scène 2. Pour plus d’informations, reportezvous à la section « Détails relatifs à la scène, le plan et la prise » à la page 83.94 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Saisie d’informations dans un enregistrement de base de données
Une fois que vous avez créé un enregistrement de base de données, vous pouvez saisir
les informations sur son plan.
Pour saisir des informations dans un enregistrement de base de données :
1 Assurez-vous que l’enregistrement souhaité apparaît dans la fenêtre Detail View.
(Si nécessaire, cliquez sur l’enregistrement, dans la fenêtre List View, pour l’ouvrir
dans la fenêtre Detail View.)
Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Recherche et ouverture d’enregistrements de
base de donnée » à la page 80.
2 Saisissez des informations et des réglages dans la fenêtre Detail View.
« Réglages de la fenêtre Detail View, » ensuite, décrivez tous les réglages et spécifiez ceux
qui sont obligatoires si vous prévoyez d’utiliser la base de données pour générer des listes
de conformation ou de modification.
Utilisez la touche de tabulation pour passer d’un champ ou d’un réglage à l’autre.
? Astuce : lorsque vous reliez un plan à enregistrement de base de données et que cet
enregistrement ne contient pas encore le timecode, le numéro de bobine et la durée
du timecode du plan, Cinema Tools recherche ces informations dans le fichier du plan
et les introduit automatiquement dans l’enregistrement.
Si vous connaissez le code de bordure ou le numéro de timecode d’une autre image
d’plan, la fonction Identify peut vous aider à déterminer le timecode ou numéro de
code de bordure correct de la première image d’un plan. Consultez à ce sujet la section
« Utilisation de la fonction Identify pour saisir et calculer des informations de base de
données » à la page 102.
3 Cliquez sur Save.
Les informations affichées dans la fenêtre Detail View ne sont définitivement saisies dans la
base de données que si vous les enregistrez. Vous pouvez choisir Database > Revert Record
(ou appuyer sur Commande + R) pour revenir à la dernière version enregistrée de
l’enregistrement.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 95
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Réglages de la fenêtre Detail View
La fenêtre Detail View contient des champs et des boutons servant à la création
d’enregistrements de base de données. Parmi ces réglages, seul un petit nombre sert
à la création de cut lists ou de listes de modification à partir de la base de données.
Réglages nécessaires
Les réglages nécessaires dépendant du type de liste à créer et de la méthode que vous
allez utiliser pour la créer.
Ces réglages sont nécessaires si vous prévoyez de générer une liste de conformation
ou de modifier une liste de modifications :
 Lab, camera, or daily roll
 Key number or ink number
Par ailleurs, chaque plan source doit être associé à un enregistrement, sauf si vous pouvez
utiliser la méthode basée sur le timecode pour créer les cut lists ou les listes de modification
(consultez à ce sujet la section « Gain de temps potentiel lors du transfert camera-roll »
à la page 73).
Pour utiliser la méthode basée sur le timecode afin de créer des cut lists ou des listes
de modification, les éléments suivants sont également requis :
 Video reel
 Timecode vidéo et durée
Ces réglages sont nécessaires pour exporter une liste audio EDL :
 Chaque plan source doit être connecté à un enregistrement ou la bande vidéo,
le timecode vidéo et la durée doivent être saisis pour chaque enregistrement.
 Chaque enregistrement doit comporter le numéro de la bande audio, le timecode
audio et la vitesse du timecode audio (Sound TC Rate).96 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Réglages de la fenêtre Detail View
La fenêtre Detail View contient les champs et boutons suivants :
Boutons et champs Database
Ces boutons et champs s’appliquent à la base de données entière.
 Boutons Previous Record et Next Record (flèches) : cliquez sur ces boutons pour passer à
l’enregistrement précédent ou suivant (selon l’ordre en vigueur dans la fenêtre List View).
Remarque : l’un de ces boutons est estompé lorsque vous vous trouvez au début
ou à la fin de la liste et qu’il n’y a pas de plan précédent ou suivant.
Vous pouvez utiliser comme raccourci les touches fléchées vers la droite et vers la
gauche de votre clavier. Si vous avez apporté des modifications à l’enregistrement
courant, une zone de dialogue vous demandant si vous souhaitez enregistrer ces
modifications apparaît.
 Bouton New Record : cliquez sur ce bouton pour créer un nouvel enregistrement. Dans
la zone de dialogue qui s’ouvre, saisissez les identifiants de scène et de prise du nouvel
enregistrement. Consultez la section « Utilisation d’identifiants de scène, de plan et de
prise » à la page 93 pour en savoir plus.
 Bouton Save : cliquez sur ce bouton si vous avez ajouté ou modifié des données dans
l’enregistrement actuel. Ces ajouts ou modifications ne seront enregistrés que si vous
cliquez sur le bouton Save.
 Zone Telecine Session : cette zone, au centre droit de la fenêtre, indique le nom du fichier
de liste télécinéma importé dans la base de données (si d’application).
 Champ Telecine Session Notes : saisissez d’éventuels commentaires sur la session
télécinéma.
Remarque : ce champ n’est disponible que si vous avez importé un fichier de liste
télécinéma dans la base de données.
Champ pour la
prise de notes
Champ destiné
aux notes sur
les sessions
télécinéma
Boutons Previous
Record et Next RecordChapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 97
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Champs Scene et Shot Description
Ne remplissez ces champs qu’une seule fois par scène. Une fois les données saisies,
elles sont ajoutées à tous les enregistrements existants et nouveaux correspondant
à la même scène.
 Champ de description Scene : décrivez la scène.
 Champ de description Shot : décrivez la prise de vue.
 Champs Script Pages : saisissez la première et la dernière page de script associées
à la scène et à la prise.
Réglages du film
Les réglages suivants portent sur le film.
 Champ Scene : saisissez ou modifiez l’identifiant de la scène dans ce champ. Consultez
la section « Utilisation d’identifiants de scène, de plan et de prise » à la page 93 pour
en savoir plus.
 Champ Take : saisissez un identifiant de prise dans ce champ. En règle générale, des
chiffres sont utilisés mais vous pouvez saisir n’importe quelle combinaison de caractères
(maximum 15). Si le plan source comporte plusieurs prises, considérez l’identifiant de
prise comme un identifiant de sous-plan.
À propos des descriptions de scènes et de prises de vue
Toutes les prises de vue d’une scène sont reliées à cette scène et tous les plans
sources d’une prise de vue sont reliés à cette prise de vue. Comme la base de
données mémorise ces liens, vous n’avez à saisir ces descriptions qu’une fois pour
chaque scène et prise de vue.
Lorsque vous saisissez ou modifiez la description d’une scène, les mêmes informations
apparaissent pour toutes les prises de vue associées à la scène, dans les enregistrements
existants comme dans ceux que vous créerez ultérieurement et qui porteront le même
identifiant de scène. De la même façon, toutes données descriptives que vous saisissez
pour un plan apparaîtra dans les enregistrements de base de données existants avec
le même identifiant de plan.
Dans l’exemple ci-après, tous les enregistrements de la scène A54 auront le même
texte descriptif (« Outside ») et les mêmes numéros de page (de 146 à 167). Toutes
les prises du plan (A54J) auront le même texte descriptif (« Left » dans cet exemple)
et les mêmes numéros de page (de 148 à 155). Chaque prise de ce plan aura aussi
une entrée de note de prise unique.98 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
 Champ Cam Roll : (si vous prévoyez de créer une liste de conformation ou une liste de
modifications, vous devez compléter un des champs de bobine.) Si vous procédez à un
montage à partir des bobines d’une caméra, saisissez l’identifiant de bobine attribué
par l’assistant cameraman au cours de la production. Cet identifiant doit être le même
que celui qui est affiché sur le clap de la prise.
Remarque : souvent, la bobine de caméra et la bobine de laboratoire sont identiques et
peuvent donc porter le même identifiant. Vous pouvez saisir des données dans l’un de
ces deux champs ou dans les deux. Veillez cependant à être cohérent. Lorsque vous créez
une cut list ou une liste de modification, Cinema Tools vous donne l’option d’afficher la
bobine caméra, la bobine laboratoire ou la bobine des rushes. Quelle que soit l’option
choisie, elle doit apparaître dans tous les enregistrements de la base de données, sinon
Cinema Tools signalera une erreur lorsque vous exporterez une liste de film.
 Champ Lab Roll : (si vous prévoyez de créer une liste de conformation ou une liste de
modifications, vous devez compléter un des champs de bobine.) Si les données que
vous montez proviennent de bobines de laboratoire, saisissez l’identifiant attribué
par le laboratoire qui a traité votre film. Ou alors saisissez l’identifiant d’une bobine
créée à partir de prises choisies, pour l’impression (cette bobine est parfois appelée
négatif A). Souvent, la bobine de caméra et la bobine de laboratoire sont identiques
et peuvent donc porter le même identifiant (consultez la note ci-avant).
 Champ Daily Roll : (si vous prévoyez de créer une liste de conformation ou une liste
de modifications, vous devez compléter un des champs de bobine.) Si vous procédez
au montage à partir des rushes, saisissez l’identifiant attribué à la bobine de rushes
d’où le plan source est tiré.
 Champs Key : (si vous prévoyez de créer une liste de conformation ou une liste de
modifications, ces champs ou les champs de codification manuelle sont obligatoires.)
Le premier champ doit contenir le préfixe utilisé tout au long de la bobine de film. Par
exemple, pour le numéro de clé KJ 29 1010 5867+07, le préfixe de clé est « KJ 29 1010 »
que l’on saisit sous la forme « KJ291010 ». Vous pouvez saisir jusqu’à huit caractères (y
compris les espaces, bien que vous passerez les espaces dans la plupart des cas, comme
dans cet exemple). Dans le deuxième champ, saisissez la deuxième partie du numéro de
bord (numéro d’image) de la première image du plan. Par exemple, pour le numéro de
clé KJ 29 1010 5867+07, le numéro d’image est « 5867+07 ». Le numéro d’image indique
chaque pied ou demi-pied de la bobine, complété du numéro de comptage d’image.
Si vous connaissez le numéro de clé d’une autre partie du plan, la fonction Identify peut
déterminer et saisir le numéro de clé (champs Key) de la première image du plan.
Consultez à ce sujet la section « Utilisation de la fonction Identify pour la saisie de
numéros de code de bordure et de timecode dans la base de données » à la
page 102.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 99
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 Champs Ink : (si vous prévoyez de créer une liste de conformation ou une liste de
modifications, ces champs ou les champs de clé sont obligatoires.) Saisissez le numéro
du préfixe dans le premier champ et le numéro d’image dans le second. Par exemple,
dans la codification manuelle 123 4567+08, le préfixe est « 123 » et le numéro d’image
est « 4567+08 », ce qui indique que l’image apparaît à 4567 pieds et 8 images.
 Menu local TK Speed : ce menu local vous donne la possibilité de spécifier
individuellement la vitesse de transfert de télécinéma pour chaque enregistrement
de la base de données. Si l’enregistrement de base de données a été créé à partir
d’une liste télécinéma, ce réglage devrait déjà être correct et il ne devrait pas être
nécessaire de le modifier. Si vous créez la base de données manuellement, la valeur
de ce menu local devrait refléter le réglage de la vitesse du film de télécinéma que
vous avez choisi lorsque vous avez défini les valeurs par défaut au niveau du projet.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Vitesse télécinéma » à la page 79.
 Menu local Film Std : ce menu permet de spécifier individuellement le format du film
pour chaque enregistrement de la base de données. Si l’enregistrement de base de
données a été créé à partir d’une liste télécinéma, ce réglage devrait déjà être correct
et il ne devrait pas être nécessaire de le modifier. Si vous créez la base de données
manuellement, cette valeur doit refléter le réglage choisi dans la zone de dialogue
New Database.
Pour les plans qui sont en sens inverse, vous pouvez spécifier un sens inverse pour le
format de film en choisissant 35.4p.rev (pour les films 35 mm à 4 perforations) ou
16.20.rev (pour les films 16 mm-20). Un film en sens inverse est un film dont les
numéros de bord sont en ordre décroissant plutôt que croissant. Cette situation se
produit par exemple quand le film a été tourné en sens inverse ou quand la bobine
a été placée à l’envers dans la caméra et que les numéros de bord sont alors lus dans
l’ordre inverse. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Format de film » à la page 78.
Pour les plans qui utilisent le format 35 mm à 3 perforations, choisissez de décalage
de la perforation du numéro de bord. Ce décalage (3 perf. •1, 3 perf. •2 ou 3 perf. •3)
fait référence à la relation entre la perforation marquée du symbole « • » et l’image
du film à ce point. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Décalages 35 mm à 3
perforations » à la page 235.
Remarque : le film 35 mm à 3 perforations en sens inverse n’est pas pris en charge.100 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Réglages vidéo
Les réglages suivants portent sur les bandes vidéo.
 Champ Video Reel : (à moins que tous les plans que vous allez monter ne soient
connectés à la base de données, ce champ est obligatoire si vous prévoyez de créer
une liste de conformation, une liste de modifications ou une liste audio EDL.) Saisissez
l’identifiant de la bande vidéo contenant cette prise. Ce champ doit être rempli sans
faute si vous souhaitez garantir l’exactitude de la cut list ou de la liste de modification.
Lorsque vous reliez un plan à un enregistrement de base de données qui ne contient
pas encore l’identifiant de bande, Cinema Tools recherche cette information dans le
fichier du plan et l’introduit automatiquement dans l’enregistrement. Veillez à ne pas
commettre d’erreurs lors de la saisie de cet identifiant afin que l’enregistrement puisse
être associé au plan approprié après le montage numérique de votre film. Par exemple,
« 001 » est différent de « 0001 ».
 Champ Video Timecode : (à moins que tous les plans que vous allez monter ne soient
connectés à la base de données, ce champ est obligatoire si vous prévoyez de créer
une liste de conformation, une liste de modifications ou une liste audio EDL.)
Saisissez le numéro de timecode de la première image du plan. Le lien entre les
numéros de code et le timecode est établi lors du transfert du film sur bande vidéo
et ces informations sont en général saisies automatiquement lorsque vous créez la
base de données à partir d’une liste télécinéma. Lorsque vous reliez un plan à un
enregistrement de la base de données qui ne contient pas encore le timecode du
plan, Cinema Tools recherche cette information dans le fichier du plan et l’introduit
automatiquement dans l’enregistrement. Vous pouvez aussi déterminer la valeur du
timecode pour ce champ en jetant un coup d’œil à la première image du plan, à
condition que le numéro de bord et le timecode soient gravés dans la vidéo.
? Tip : si vous saisissez les informations de bande vidéo et de timecode dans la fenêtre Detail
View, vous pouvez utiliser la base de données pour localiser du matériel source sur la bande
vidéo pendant le montage. Si vous êtes par exemple en train de monter un plan et que
vous souhaitez vérifier le contenu d’une partie du plan dont la netteté est médiocre, il est
alors nécessaire d’utiliser la bande vidéo, où l’image est de meilleure qualité. Vous pouvez
consulter l’enregistrement de base de données du plan pour voir quelle bande contient le
matériel et l’emplacement de timecode sur la bande.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 101
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 Champ Video Duration : (à moins que tous les plans que vous allez monter ne soient
connectés à la base de données, ce champ est obligatoire si vous prévoyez de créer
une liste de conformation, une liste de modifications ou une liste audio EDL.) Saisissez
la durée du timecode du plan source. Cette valeur peut provenir d’une liste télécinéma.
Lorsque vous reliez un plan à un enregistrement de base de données qui ne contient
pas encore le timecode du plan, Cinema Tools recherche cette information dans le
fichier du plan et l’introduit automatiquement dans l’enregistrement. Cette durée est
exprimée en heures, minutes, secondes et images, ce qui peut vous sembler plus
parlant que la longueur exprimée en pieds et images. La durée du timecode est
particulièrement importante si vous souhaitez réaliser une capture par lot ou créer
une cut list ou une liste de modification en faisant correspondre le programme monté
avec la bande et le timecode vidéo.
 Menu local Video TC Rate : ce menu local affiche la vitesse de timecode vidéo par défaut
que vous avez choisie lorsque vous avez créé la base de données ou le format qui
figurait dans la liste télécinéma que vous avez importée pour créer la base de données.
Le laboratoire qui transfère votre film sur bande vidéo peut vous dire quel type de
timecode vidéo est enregistré sur la bande vidéo. Consultez la section « Vitesse du
timecode (Video TC Rate) » à la page 78 pour en savoir plus.
Réglages du son
Les réglages suivants portent sur les bandes son.
 Champ Sound Roll : (obligatoire si vous prévoyez de créer une liste audio EDL.)
Saisissez le nom de la bande son.
 Champ Sound Timecode : (obligatoire si vous prévoyez de créer une liste audio EDL.)
Saisissez le numéro de timecode audio de début du plan. Le format du timecode
audio peut être différent de celui du timecode vidéo.
 Champ Sound TC Rate : (obligatoire si vous prévoyez de créer une liste audio EDL.)
Saisissez le type de timecode utilisé sur les bandes son de production.
Bouton Clip et réglages
Ce qui suit s’applique en particulier au plan lié à cet enregistrement.
 Bouton Connect Clip/Open Clip : si aucun plan n’a été associé à l’enregistrement, ce
bouton s’intitule Connect Clip. Si un plan est déjà associé, il s’intitule Open Clip.
 Cliquez sur Connect Clip pour sélectionner un plan source à relier à cet enregistrement.
Lorsque vous sélectionnez un plan, il est relié à la base de données et sa première
image s’affiche dans la zone située sous le bouton Connect Clip/Open Clip.
 Cliquez sur Open Clip pour ouvrir la fenêtre du plan relié. Si le plan est introuvable,
une zone de dialogue s’ouvre pour vous permettre de sélectionner le bon plan.
 Appuyez sur la touche Commande pour passer d’Open Clip à Disconnect Clip.
Cliquez sur Disconnect Clip pour annuler le lien entre le plan et la base de données.
 Champ Take Notes : saisissez-y les commentaires que vous souhaitez inclure à propos
du plan source.102 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Utilisation de la fonction Identify pour saisir et calculer des
informations de base de données
Vous pouvez utiliser la fonction Identify de la fenêtre Clip pour déterminer le numéro de
bord, le numéro de codification manuelle ou les valeurs de timecode des plans de la base
de données. Ces valeurs sont obligatoires dans la base de données pour la première
image du plan, mais il se peut qu’elles ne soient pas disponibles si vous ne créez pas les
enregistrements de base de données à partir d’une liste télécinéma ou si vos plans n’ont
pas de fenêtre d’affichage.
Pour utiliser la fonction Identify afin de déterminer ou de vérifier le code de bordure
ou le timecode :
 Vous devez connaître le numéro de bord, la codification manuelle ou le timecode
d’au moins une des images du plan.
 Le plan doit posséder un enregistrement dans la base de données.
 Le lien numéro de bord/timecode doit être continu. Consultez à ce sujet la section
« Le lien entre les numéros de code de bordure et le timecode est-il continu ou
discontinu ? » à la page 72.
N’oubliez pas qu’avec la fonction Identify, les champs Key, Ink, Video Timecode et Sound
Timecode doivent toujours refléter les valeurs de l’image affichée dans la fenêtre Clip, alors
que dans la fenêtre Detail View, ces champs sont associés à la première image du plan.
Toutefois, la fonction Identify calcule et introduit les valeurs de la première image qui
apparaissent dans la fenêtre Detail View.
Utilisation de la fonction Identify pour la saisie de numéros de code
de bordure et de timecode dans la base de données
Si vous connaissez le code de bordure (numéro de bord ou codification manuelle) et
le timecode de toute image d’un plan, vous pouvez utiliser la fonction Identify pour
déterminer ces valeurs pour la première image du plan. Ces informations seront alors
saisies automatiquement dans la base de données.
Cette fonction est particulièrement utile si vous travaillez sur une bande vidéo sans
fenêtre d’affichage, car vous devez dans ce cas marquer physiquement une image de
chaque plan pour assurer le suivi des timecodes et codes de bordure. Si l’image marquée
n’est pas la toute première image du plan, la fonction Identify peut calculer les valeurs de
la première image, qui sont alors automatiquement saisies dans la base de données.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 103
I
Pour saisir les valeurs du code de bordure et du timecode dans la base de données :
1 Si le plan souhaité n’est pas encore ouvert, ouvrez-le dans la fenêtre Clip en procédant
de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Choisissez File > Open Clip (ou appuyez sur Commande + O), puis utilisez la zone
de dialogue pour sélectionner le plan.
 Cliquez sur Open Clip, dans la fenêtre Detail View de l’enregistrement dans la base
de données du plan.
2 Cliquez sur Identify dans la fenêtre Clip pour afficher les réglages relatifs à l’image actuelle.
3 Localisez l’image marquée dans la zone de lecture du plan.
? Astuce : utilisez les touches fléchées du clavier pour avancer et reculer image par image.
Les réglages Identify sont mis à jour pour afficher les informations de chaque image
lorsque vous vous déplacez dans un plan afin que vous puissiez localiser l’image marquée.
4 Saisissez, dans les champs appropriés, les valeurs de code de bordure et de timecode
de l’image marquée (l’image affichée dans la fenêtre Clip).
Remarque : vous pouvez utiliser soit la codification manuelle, soit les numéros de bord.
Dans ce cas, ne remplissez pas le champ inutile.
Remarque : pour réinitialiser les valeurs aux valeurs en vigueur à l’ouverture du plan
dans la fenêtre, cliquez sur Revert.
5 Lorsque vous identifiez un plan de 35 mm à 3 perforations, vous devez aussi choisir
le décalage (3 perf. •1, 3 perf. •2 ou 3 perf. •3) dans le menu local Film Std.
Remarque : en principe, vous ne devez pas modifier le réglage du menu local Film Std
si vous utilisez l’un des autres formats de film.
6 Cliquez sur Save.
Saisissez les
valeurs de
numéro de bord
ou de codification
manuelle de
l’image marquée.
Saisissez la valeur
de timecode
vidéo de l’image
marquée.104 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
L’enregistrement de base de données correspondant à ce plan est immédiatement
actualisé avec les valeurs de la première image du plan. De plus, la durée du plan est
calculée et saisie.
À propos de la modification de données à l’aide de la fonction Identify
Vous ne pouvez utiliser la fonction Identify pour un plan que si un enregistrement de
base de données a été créé pour ce plan. La sous-fenêtre Identify de la fenêtre Clip
contient des champs et des menus locaux pour des réglages qui apparaissent aussi
dans la fenêtre Detail View. Vous pouvez modifier ces réglages à l’aide de la fonction
Identify, mais gardez les points suivants à l’esprit :
 Les champs Key, Ink, Video Timecode et Sound Timecode doivent toujours refléter les
valeurs de l’image affichée dans la fenêtre Clip, alors que dans la fenêtre Detail View,
ces champs sont associés à la première image du plan. C’est pourquoi il se peut que
ce que vous voyez ou saisissez dans la sous-fenêtre Identify de la fenêtre Clip diffère
de ce que vous voyez ou saisissez dans la fenêtre Detail View. Consultez à ce sujet la
section « Utilisation de la fonction Identify pour saisir et calculer des informations de
base de données » à la page 102.
 La fonction Identify ne permet de faire le suivi des numéros de bord que si la relation
entre les numéros de bord et les timecodes est continue, comme c’est le cas avec la
plupart des transferts caméra-bande. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Le lien entre les
numéros de code de bordure et le timecode est-il continu ou discontinu ? » à la
page 72.
Si vous avez modifié les valeurs dans la fenêtre et souhaitez revenir aux valeurs
antérieures, cliquez sur Revert plutôt que sur Save. Lorsque vous cliquez sur Save,
l’enregistrement de base de données est mis à jour et ces modifications sont reflétées
dans la fenêtre Detail View.
Modification d’informations dans la base de données
Vous pouvez modifier toute information de la base de données en modifiant des réglages
dans la fenêtre Detail View et dans la sous-fenêtre Identify de la fenêtre Clip. Certains
des calculs que vous faites à l’aide de la fonction Identify modifient automatiquement
des informations qui figurent dans la base de données. Consultez la section « Utilisation
de la fonction Identify pour saisir et calculer des informations de base de données » à la
page 102 pour en savoir plus. Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 105
I
Suppression d’un enregistrement de la base de données
Il se peut que vous n’ayez plus besoin de certains enregistrements. Vous pouvez alors
les supprimer de la base de données.
Remarque : soyez très prudent lors de cette opération car elle est irréversible.
Pour supprimer un enregistrement de la base de données :
1 Ouvrez l’enregistrement dans la fenêtre Detail View ou sélectionnez-le dans la fenêtre
List View.
2 Choisissez Database > Delete Record (ou appuyez sur Commande + Suppr).
Remarque : lorsque vous supprimez un enregistrement de base de données qui est
connecté à un fichier de données source, vous ne supprimez pas le fichier du disque
dur. Vous ne supprimez que l enregistrement de base de données.
Changement de l’affiche d’un plan
Par défaut, lorsqu’un plan relié à un enregistrement est ouvert dans la fenêtre Clip, une
vignette de la première image du plan est affichée dans la fenêtre Detail View. Cette
image est appelée affiche du plan. Vous pouvez choisir une autre affiche si cette image
n’est pas pertinente (si elle est noire par exemple).
L’affiche de plan par défaut n’apparaît dans la fenêtre Detail View qu’une fois que :
 le plan est relié à un enregistrement de la base de données
 le plan est ouvert dans la fenêtre Clip
Pour choisir une nouvelle affiche :
1 Si le plan souhaité n’est pas encore ouvert, ouvrez-le dans la fenêtre Clip en procédant
de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Choisissez File > Open Clip (ou appuyez sur Commande + O), puis utilisez la zone
de dialogue pour sélectionner le plan.
 Cliquez sur Open Clip, dans la fenêtre Detail View de l’enregistrement dans la base
de données du plan.
2 Dans la zone de lecture du plan, repérez l’image à utiliser comme affiche.106 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
? Tip : utilisez les touches fléchées du clavier pour avancer et reculer image par image.
3 Cliquez sur Set Poster Frame une fois que l’image souhaitée apparaît dans la zone
de lecture du plan.
La nouvelle affiche apparaît dans la fenêtre Detail View du plan.
Remarque : quelle que soit l’affiche choisie, la fenêtre Clip s’ouvre toujours sur la
première image du plan.
Modification des réglages de base de données par défaut
Bien que vous ne puissiez pas modifier les réglages par défaut d’une base de données
directement, vous pouvez obtenir le même résultat en créant une nouvelle base de
données possédant les réglages souhaités, puis en important la base de données
original dedans.
Pour modifier les réglages par défaut d’une base de données :
m Créez une nouvelle base de données, attribuez-lui des réglages par défaut, puis importez-y
la base de données originale. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Importation d’une base de
données Cinema Tools existante » à la page 90.
Vous pouvez faire glisser la tête
de lecture pour localiser et
afficher l’image que vous
voulez utiliser comme affiche
de plan.
Cliquez sur le bouton Set Poster
Frame pour que l’image
courante apparaisse comme
vignette dans la fenêtre Detail
View.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 107
I
Modification de tous les identifiants de bobine ou de bande
Il s’avère parfois nécessaire de modifier tous les identifiants de bobine ou de bande
contenus dans une base de données. Par exemple pour passer d’un identifiant de bobine
non compatible EDL à un identifiant compatible, ou pour faire concorder les identifiants
d’une base de données avec ceux d’une liste EDL.
Remarque : si vous comptez exporter une liste de capture par lot à partir de la base de
données, pensez à apporter les modifications de bobine ou de bande avant d’exporter
la liste.
Pour modifier toutes les occurrences d’un nom de bobine ou de bande dans une
base de données :
1 Cliquez sur le bouton Show All dans la fenêtre List View pour vous assurer que tous
les enregistrements de base de données apparaissent bien dans la fenêtre List View.
2 Choisissez Database > Change Reel.
3 Effectuez les réglages suivants dans la zone de dialogue Change Reel :
 Choisissez le type de bande ou de bobine.
 Dans le champ From, saisissez l’identifiant à modifier.
 Dans le champ To, saisissez le nouvel identifiant.
4 Cliquez sur OK.
Lorsque vous cliquez sur OK, une recherche est lancée dans tous les enregistrements
de la fenêtre List View et tous les identifiants trouvés à modifier sont remplacés par le
nouvel identifiant.
Choisissez le type
de bande ou de
bobine.
Saisissez l’ancien et le
nouvel identifiant.108 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Vérification et correction de numéros de code de bordure
de timecode
Si vous connaissez les valeurs de timecode, de numéro de bord ou de codification manuelle
d’une image de plan, que ce soit par une image marquée ou par une fenêtre d’affichage,
vous pouvez utiliser la fonction Identify pour vérifier ces valeurs pour le plan. Cette
vérification est importante car l’exactitude de votre cut list ou de votre liste de modification
repose sur ces valeurs.
La vérification de valeurs à l’aide de la fonction Identify est particulièrement utile lorsque :
 vous constatez une différence entre le timecode et les numéros de bord ou de clé de la
fenêtre d’affichage et les valeurs de la base de données Cinema Tools ou de Final Cut Pro ;
 vous avez saisi les valeurs manuellement et souhaitez contrôler la saisie.
Important : la fonction Identify ne permet de faire le suivi des numéros de code de
bordure que si la relation entre les numéros de code de bordure et les timecodes est
continue, comme c’est le cas avec la plupart des transferts caméra-bande. Consultez
à ce sujet la section « Le lien entre les numéros de code de bordure et le timecode est-il
continu ou discontinu ? » à la page 72. Si la relation entre les numéros de code de
bordure et les timecodes est non continue, vous pouvez vérifier et corriger les valeurs
de numéro de code de bordure et de timecode pour les plans source en comparant
visuellement ces valeurs avec la fenêtre d’affichage et, si nécessaire, en corrigeant
manuellement les valeurs de numéro de code de bordure et de timecode dans
Cinema Tools et les valeurs de timecode dans Final Cut Pro.
Pour vérifier et corriger les valeurs de code de bordure et de timecode saisies pour
un plan :
1 Si le plan souhaité n’est pas encore ouvert, ouvrez-le dans la fenêtre Clip en procédant
de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Choisissez File > Open Clip (ou appuyez sur Commande + O), puis utilisez la zone
de dialogue pour sélectionner le plan.
 Cliquez sur Open Clip, dans la fenêtre Detail View de l’enregistrement dans la base
de données du plan.Chapitre 4 Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools 109
I
2 Dans la zone de lecture de plan, localisez une image près du début du plan dont vous
connaissez le numéro de code de bordure ou la valeur de timecode. Cela ne pose
aucun problème si votre bande vidéo contient une fenêtre d’affichage.
3 Si nécessaire, cliquez sur Identify pour afficher les réglages de l’enregistrement.
4 Regardez si les valeurs des champs Key, Ink et Video Timecode de la sous-fenêtre Identify
correspondent à la fenêtre d’affichage de l’image dans la fenêtre Clip. (Vous pouvez
utiliser soit la codification manuelle, soit les numéros de bord. Dans ce cas, ne remplissez
pas le champ inutile.)
5 Si l’une ou l’autre valeur des champs Key, Ink ou Video Timecode est incorrecte, saisissez
la valeur correcte dans le champ correspondant.
6 Dans la zone de lecture de plan, localisez une image près de la fin du plan et répétez
les étapes 4 et 5.
 Si les valeurs du code de bordure et du timecode sont exactes au début du plan mais pas
à la fin : il se peut que des images aient été perdues durant la capture et vous devez
alors recapturer le plan. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Comment éviter les pertes
d’images » à la page 112. Il se peut aussi que cela soit dû au fait que le plan n’aie pas
de relation entre numéro de code de bordure et timecode continue, au quel cas la
fonction Identify ne peut pas vous aider à confirmer les valeurs de numéro de code de
bordure et de timecode parce que cette fonction utilise un calcul basé sur une relation
entre numéro de code de bordure et timecode continue.
Cliquez sur Identify pour afficher les
réglages de l’image courante.
Valeur de timecode gravée Valeur de code de bordure gravée110 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
 Si la valeur de timecode est incorrecte : ouvrez la même image dans Final Cut Pro
et regardez si la valeur de timecode est correcte. Si ce n’est pas le cas, corrigez
le timecode dans Final Cut Pro. Utilisez pour cela la zone de dialogue Modifier
le timecode. Consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour en savoir plus sur
la façon de modifier le timecode.
Si vous avez utilisé le contrôle de périphérique série, l’inexactitude de timecode peut être
dû au fait que vous n’avez pas défini le décalage de timecode voulu dans Final Cut Pro
pour l’appareil que vous avez utilisé. Ce réglage doit être effectué une fois pour chaque
périphérique et par ordinateur. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section consacrée à
l’étalonnage du signal de timecode dans la documentation de Final Cut Pro.
7 Si vous avez saisi de nouveaux nombres dans les champs, cliquez sur Save. Si les valeurs
étaient déjà correctes, fermez la fenêtre.5
111
5 Capture des plans sources et
création d’un lien avec la base
de données
La clef de la réussite d’un projet est l’établissement des liaisons
entre les plans sources et la base de données Cinema Tools.
Une fois créée la base de données du projet, vous pouvez enfin capturer vos plans source
à l’aide de Final Cut Pro. (Les plans sources sont les premiers fichiers multimédias que
vous traitez lorsque vous commencez le montage.)
Après la capture, établissez des liens entre les enregistrements de la base de données
et les plans sources.
? Astuce : utilisez les scénarios de la section « Le flux de production de Cinema Tools » à
la page 37 pour connaître les étapes élémentaires nécessaires pour capturer vos plans
sources et établir un lien entre eux et la base de données. Les étapes à suivre et l’ordre
à respecter dépendent de facteurs qui sont brièvement expliqués dans les exemples de
travail. Il n’est par exemple pas toujours nécessaire de créer un lien entre les plans et la
base de données.
Préparation de la capture
Des informations détaillées sur la capture des plans sont présentées dans la documentation
de Final Cut Pro. Avant de procéder à la capture, prenez en considération certains des
facteurs susceptibles d’affecter votre projet :
 comment éviter les pertes d’images au cours de la capture,
 comment configurer votre matériel pour la capture vidéo,
 les facteurs liés à la capture d’audio,
 comment préparer une capture par lot (si vous disposez d’une platine vidéo avec
contrôle de périphérique),
 les facteurs liés à la capture individuelle de plans sources (si vous ne disposez pas de
contrôle de périphérique). 112 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Comment éviter les pertes d’images
Si les performances de votre ordinateur sont médiocres ou que votre disque de travail
n’est pas suffisamment rapide, des images peuvent être perdues au cours de la capture,
ce qui signifie que plusieurs images ne sont pas capturées. Lorsqu’une image est
perdue lors de la capture, l’image précédente est répétée. Ainsi, une image que vous
voyez lors du montage peut ne pas être l’image vue lors de la coupe du film. Les pertes
d’images peuvent entraîner des erreurs de timecode et donc engendrer une cut list
incorrecte et des problèmes lors de la procédure de télécinéma inversé. Vous pouvez
éviter ce problème dans Final Cut Pro en réglant le programme pour qu’il arrête la
capture et vous prévienne lorsqu’une image est perdue.
Pour régler Final Cut Pro afin d’arrêter la capture lorsque des images sont perdues :
1 Dans Final Cut Pro, choisissez Final Cut Pro > Préférences.
2 Dans l’onglet Généralités, assurez-vous que l’option « Interrompre la capture si perte
d’images » est sélectionnée.
Si cette option est sélectionnée, un message s’affiche dès que des images sont perdues
en cours de capture et cette dernière est interrompue.
En cas de perte d’images, assurez-vous d’abord qu’aucune autre application n’est ouverte
et ralentit de ce fait les performances de l’ordinateur. Ensuite, capturez à nouveau le plan
source.
Un message d’avertissement est affiché si vous essayez d’utiliser la fonction Télécinéma
inversé pour un plan source ayant perdu des images.
Avertissement sur l’utilisation d’Offline RT Media avec Cinema Tools
Lorsque vous capturez des données avec la configuration simplifiée Offline RT dans
Final Cut Pro, les données capturées sont légèrement compressées, ce qui vous permet
de capturer plus de plans source sur votre disque dur, approximativement 2 heures de
vidéo par gigaoctet (Go) d’espace disque. Sachez toutefois qu’une capture avec
compression Offline RT rend la lecture des numéros de bord et des timecodes
incrustés très difficile, voire impossible. La fenêtre d’affichage est en général nécessaire
pour vérifier et corriger, le cas échéant, les numéros de bord et les timecodes, ainsi que
pour utiliser la fonction Télécinéma inverse de Cinema Tools. C’est pour cette raison
que l’utilisation d’Offline RT avec Cinema Tools n’est pas idéale.
Pour obtenir plus d’informations sur OfflineRT, consultez la documentation de
Final Cut Pro.Chapitre 5 Capture des plans sources et création d’un lien avec la base de données 113
I
Configuration de votre matériel afin de capturer
un timecode exact
La capacité de Final Cut Pro de capturer un timecode précis image par image pour
chaque plan dépend aussi de la configuration de votre matériel de capture. Cette
opération s’avère très simple si vous utilisez des platines DV. Dans Final Cut Pro 3 et
les versions ultérieures, la capture de vidéo avec une platine DV à l’aide de FireWire
à la fois pour le contrôle de périphérique et l’entrée audio et vidéo rendra un timecode
exact à 100 %. Si en revanche la capture est réalisée à l’aide d’une platine avec contrôle
de périphérique série (par exemple une platine Digital Betacam ou Beta SP), certaines
opérations supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour garantir l’exactitude du timecode.
Si vous capturez à l’aide d’une platine dotée du contrôle de
périphérique série
Avant de procéder à la capture à l’aide d’une platine équipée du contrôle de
périphérique série, suivez ces conseils pour garantir l’exactitude du timecode :
 asservissez votre platine et votre interface de capture vidéo,
 calibrez le décalage du timecode.
Synchronisation (genlock) de la platine et de l’interface de capture vidéo
Connectez d’abord la platine à l’ordinateur à l’aide du câble de contrôle de périphérique
série (via un adaptateur d’interface série recommandé), puis branchez tous les
connecteurs audio et vidéo nécessaires. Ensuite, assurez-vous que votre platine est
synchronisée (genlock) avec votre interface de capture vidéo. Le terme Genlock se
réfère au verrouillage de la synchronisation entre deux périphériques vidéo à l’aide
d’un générateur de signaux de référence.
Qu’est-ce que le Contrôle de périphérique ?
Le contrôle de périphérique permet à Final Cut Pro de contrôler votre caméra ou votre
platine vidéo. Si votre platine ou caméra vidéo utilise un protocole pris en charge par
Final Cut Pro, Final Cut Pro peut échanger les données du timecode et du contrôle de
périphérique avec la caméra ou la platine. Si vous disposez du contrôle de périphérique,
vous pouvez repérer et capturer plusieurs plans sources à la fois (réaliser une capture
par lot). Dans le cas contraire, vous devez capturer les plans sources un par un.
Consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour obtenir des informations sur les
protocoles de contrôle de périphérique pris en charge.114 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Si votre platine et votre appareil de capture vidéo prennent en charge l’asservissement
(également appelé la synchronisation externe), connectez-les à un générateur de signaux
classique (en général, il s’agit d’un générateur de signaux de référence produisant un
signal vidéo noir continu). Réalisez cette connexion à l’aide des connecteurs genlock de
votre platine vidéo et de votre interface de capture (qui sont parfois intitulés reference
video). De cette manière, la platine et l’interface de capture vidéo sont synchronisées et
le timecode sera toujours exact.
Important : si vous effectuez la capture à partir d’une platine utilisant le contrôle de
périphérique série, mais que votre interface de capture vidéo ne peut pas être synchronisée
avec la platine, l’exactitude du timecode capturé avec vos plans ne peut pas être garantie.
Calibrage du décalage du timecode
Même si votre magnétoscope et votre interface de capture vidéo sont asservis, si
vous utilisez le contrôle de périphérique série plutôt que le contrôle de périphérique
FireWire pour la capture, il est toujours essentiel de calibrer le décalage de capture
(dans l’onglet Final Cut Pro Device Control Preset de) avant la capture. Pour utiliser
le contrôle de périphérique série, vous devez régler cette option sur la platine et sur
l’ordinateur. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section consacrée au calibrage du signal
de timecode dans la documentation de Final Cut Pro.
Avant de capturer de l’audio
Before you capture your audio with Final Cut Pro, you need to take into account the
following :
 Si vous pouvez régler la vitesse de l’audio sur la platine audio dont vous disposez pour
la synchroniser avec la fréquence d’images de montage si nécessaire : utilisez la platine
audio pour ce faire avant de capturer l’audio dans votre ordinateur. Consultez la section
« Choix d’une méthode de préparation des plans sources en vue du montage » à la
page 129 pour connaître les cas où cet ajustement est nécessaire.
Remarque : si vous n’avez pas de platine audio, il existe d’autres moyens d’ajuster
l’audio après la capture. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Ajustements de la vitesse
audio » à la page 145.
 Si vous allez monter à 24 ips (la fréquence d’images à laquelle le film a été enregistré) :
capturez l’audio à la fréquence d’images à laquelle il a été enregistré.
 Avant de capturer un plan audio à synchroniser avec un plan vidéo : vérifiez que votre
platine audio pilotable est bien asservi à une interface de capture vidéo installée sur
votre ordinateur. (consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour en savoir plus sur
le procédé de genlock de la platine audio et de l’interface de capture). Par ailleurs,
sélectionnez dans Final Cut Pro l’option « Synchroniser la capture audio avec la source
vidéo éventuelle » dans l’onglet Généralités de la fenêtre Préférences utilisateur.Chapitre 5 Capture des plans sources et création d’un lien avec la base de données 115
I
Génération d’une liste de capture par lot dans Cinema Tools
Si vous disposez d’une platine ou d’une caméra dotée du contrôle de périphérique (soit
une caméra DV avec FireWire, soit un magnétoscope ou une caméra vidéo haut de
gamme), la manière la plus simple de transférer les données dans votre ordinateur est
la capture par lot. Avec la capture par lot, vous connectez un magnétoscope ou une
caméra vidéo à votre ordinateur, puis, sur la base d’une liste de plans source générée par
Cinema Tools, Final Cut Pro copie tous les plans source de la bande vers l’ordinateur. En
d’autres termes, lorsque vous utilisez la capture par lot, vous n’avez pas besoin d’utiliser
votre magnétoscope ou caméra vidéo pour localiser manuellement chaque plan source
avant de le capturer avec Final Cut Pro.
Pour configurer une capture par lot, vous devez spécifier les plans à capturer (après la
création de votre base de données Cinema Tools) et Cinema Tools crée une liste à partir
des informations de la base de données. Une fois cette liste de capture par lot importée
dans Final Cut Pro, ces plans sources apparaissent dans le Navigateur comme plans
offline, étant donné qu’ils sont listés et prêts à être capturés par lot. Si vos rushes se
trouvent sur plusieurs bandes, vous pouvez également effectuer une capture par lot.
Lorsqu’une capture par lot commence, une liste de toutes les bandes vidéo nécessaires
s’affiche. Une fois que tous les plans d’une bande ont été capturés, vous êtes invité à
choisir une autre bande.
Avantages de l’utilisation d’une liste de capture par lot Cinema Tools
 Gain de temps : Cinema Tools crée pour vous la liste de capture par lot, vous
épargnant la création manuelle.
 Exactitude : la liste de capture par lot capture les plans sources qui correspondent
aux fiches de votre base de données.
 Clarté des noms des plans sources : lorsque la capture par lot est réalisée à partir de
la liste de capture par lot d’une base de données, vos fichiers de plans sources sont
intitulés en fonction des identifiants de prise et de scène. Par exemple, le fichier de
la scène 10, prise 1 sera intitulé 10-1.
 Lien automatique entre les plans sources et la base de données : la commande Connect
Clips vous permet d’établir un lien automatique entre vos plans sources capturés et
les enregistrements appropriés de la base de données.116 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Remarque : vous ne devez pas obligatoirement créer une liste de capture par lot à partir
d’une base de données Cinema Tools. Vous pouvez aussi d’abord capturer par lot les
plans avec Final Cut Pro, puis générer une base de données à partir de la liste de capture
par lot Final Cut Pro. Cette méthode n’est cependant pas idéale, car vous perdez les
avantages liés à la création de votre base de données à partir d’une liste télécinéma ou
d’un fichier ALE (Avid Log Exchange). Le principal inconvénient, c’est que les informations
des numéros de bord et de bobine ne sont pas ajoutées à chaque enregistrement de la
base de données, vous devez donc accomplir cette tâche manuellement. Consultez la
section « Importation des informations relatives à une base de données dans une liste
de capture de lots Final Cut Pro » à la page 89 pour en savoir plus.
À propos des différences entre les listes de capture par lot standard
et XML
Dans Cinema Tools, vous pouvez créer des listes de capture par lot standard ou XML.
Les liste de capture par lot standard sont des fichiers au format Texte qui contiennent
des informations sur les bobines, les noms des plans (sur la base du contenu des champs
de plan et de prise), les commentaires et le timecode.
Les listes de capture par lot XML contiennent les mêmes informations que les listes
standard, plus toutes les informations sur le film, comme, par exemple, les valeurs
des numéros de bord, le type de film et la vitesse de télécinéma. Ces informations
supplémentaires sont ajoutées aux entrées de tous les plans dans le Navigateur
Final Cut Pro, où vous pouvez les afficher. Chapitre 5 Capture des plans sources et création d’un lien avec la base de données 117
I
Attribution du nom des plans capturés par lot par Cinema Tools
Si vous capturez des plans avec une liste de capture par lot et si les enregistrements
de la base de données contiennent les identifiants de scène et de prise, Cinema Tools
nomme les plans à partir des identifiants de scène et de prise (séparés par un tiret).
Par exemple, le plan de la scène 10, prise 1 sera intitulé « 10-1 ». S’il n’y a pas
d’identifiants de scène et de prise, Cinema Tools crée un nom de plan en fonction de
la bande et du timecode de la vidéo. Par exemple, le plan provenant de la bande 001
et commençant par la valeur de timecode 01:35:30:15 sera intitulé « 001-01.35.30.15 ».
Cinema Tools veille à ne jamais attribuer le même nom à deux plans distincts. Si, par
exemple, les plans de deux caméras distinctes possèdent les même identifiants de scène
et de prise. Lorsque cela se produit, les noms des plans sont distingués par l’ajout des
identifiants de bobine ou bande aux plans après le premier. Ainsi, les plans de la scène 4,
prise 4, bobine 1A et 1B seront intitulés « 4-4 » et « 4-4B » respectivement. En l’absence
d’identifiant de bobine ou de bande, ces plans porteraient les noms “4-4” et “4-4_1.”
Remarque : avant d’exporter une liste de capture par lot depuis Cinema Tools, il est
recommandé d’effectuer un tri en fonction du critère Slate dans la fenêtre List View,
afin de voir s’il existe des plans ayant les mêmes descriptions dans la colonne Slate.
Si des plans présentent exactement les mêmes informations dans la colonne Slate,
modifiez les champs Scene ou Take dans les enregistrements de la base de données
afin de les différencier. Vous garantissez ainsi que tous les plans de la liste de capture
par lot auront des noms différents.
Important : afin que le processus de connexion des plans soit le plus automatisé
possible, ne modifiez pas les noms de fichiers donnés par Cinema Tools aux plans
sources lors de la capture.118 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Utilisation de listes de capture par lot standard
L’exportation de listes de capture par lot standard et leur importation dans
Final Cut Pro est un processus simple.
Pour exporter une liste de capture par lot standard à partir de Cinema Tools :
1 Assurez-vous que la fenêtre List View contient les enregistrements des plans à capturer.
Pour afficher tous les enregistrements de la base de données, cliquez sur Show All dans
la fenêtre List View.
Important : la liste de capture par lot ne contient que les enregistrements où apparaissent
la bande vidéo, le timecode de départ et des valeurs de durée du timecode. Par ailleurs,
aucun enregistrement déjà associé à un plan n’apparaîtra dans la liste de capture par lot.
2 Sélectionnez File > Export > Batch Capture.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue Export Batch Capture, sélectionnez les plans à capturer et
cliquez sur OK :
 Vidéo Final Cut Pro : choisissez cette option pour capturer la totalité de la vidéo et de
l’audio contenus dans les plans sources. Lorsque vous choisissez cette option, la liste
de capture par lot inclut la bande et le timecode vidéo saisis dans l’enregistrement
de chaque plan.
 Final Cut Pro Audio : choisissez cette option pour ne capturer que l’audio des plans
sources. Lorsque vous choisissez cette option, la liste de capture par lot inclut la
bande son et le timecode audio saisis dans l’enregistrement de chaque plan.
Dans la fenêtre List View,
affichez les
enregistrements de base
de données auxquels
vous souhaitez connecter
des plans. Chapitre 5 Capture des plans sources et création d’un lien avec la base de données 119
I
4 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’affiche, sélectionnez un emplacement pour la liste de
capture par lot et donnez-lui un nom.
5 Cliquez sur Save.
Une liste de capture par lot au format Texte est crée et enregistrée à l’emplacement
spécifié.
? Astuce : vous pouvez modifier la liste de capture par lot dans un éditeur de texte.
Veillez toutefois à ne pas supprimer les tabulations qui séparent les champs de chaque
ligne. Vous pouvez en revanche supprimer les lignes des plans que vous ne souhaitez
pas capturer.
Pour importer une liste de capture par lot standard Cinema Tools dans Final Cut Pro :
1 Ouvrez un projet existant ou créez un nouveau projet dans Final Cut Pro.
2 Dans Final Cut Pro, choisissez File > Import > Batch List at [ips en vigueur], où « ips en
vigueur » est la fréquence d’images préréglée de la séquence.
Vous pouvez modifier la fréquence d’images préréglée de la séquence en choisissant
Audio/Video Settings dans le menu de Final Cut Pro.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, sélectionnez la liste de capture par lot que vous
avez exportée à partir de Cinema Tools, puis cliquez sur Choose.
Les plans apparaissent dans le Navigateur en tant que plans offline, prêts pour la capture
par lot. Consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour des détails sur la capture par lot.
Important : si votre vidéo a un timecode non-drop frame, vérifiez que Non-Drop Frame
est sélectionné dans le menu local Default Timecode, dans l’onglet Device Control Presets
Final Cut Pro de la zone de dialogue Audio/Video Settings avant de lancer la capture.
Utilisation de listes de capture par lot XML
L’exportation de listes de capture par lot XML à partir de Cinema Tools et l’importation
de ces dernières dans Final Cut Pro est un processus similaire au processus utilisés pour
les listes de capture par lot standard.
Pour exporter une liste de capture par lot XML à partir de Cinema Tools :
1 Assurez-vous que la fenêtre List View contient les enregistrements des plans à capturer.
Pour afficher tous les enregistrements de la base de données, cliquez sur Show All dans
la fenêtre List View.
Important : la liste de capture par lot ne contient que les enregistrements où apparaissent
la bande vidéo, le timecode de départ et des valeurs de durée du timecode. Par ailleurs,
aucun enregistrement déjà associé à un plan n’apparaîtra dans la liste de capture par lot.120 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
2 Choisissez File > Export > XML Batch List.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’affiche, sélectionnez un emplacement pour la liste
de capture par lot et donnez-lui un nom.
4 Cliquez sur Save.
Une liste de capture par lot XML est créée et enregistrée à l’emplacement spécifié.
Pour importer une liste de capture par lot XML Cinema Tools dans Final Cut Pro :
1 Dans Final Cut Pro, choisissez Fichier > Importer > XML.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, sélectionnez la liste de capture par lot XML
que vous avez exportée à partir de Cinema Tools, puis cliquez sur Choose.
La zone de dialogue Importer le fichier XML apparaît.
3 Sélectionnez le projet auquel il faut ajouter les plans de la liste par lot à l’aide du menu
local Destination.
Vous pouvez aussi créer un nouveau projet à l’aide de ce menu local.
4 Choisissez le préréglage de séquence par défaut à utiliser dans le menu local Default.
5 Lors de l’importation de fichiers XML exportés à partir de Cinema Tools, vous pouvez
laisser toutes les cases désélectionnées.
6 Cliquez sur OK pour importer le fichier XML.
Les plans apparaissent dans le Navigateur en tant que plans offline, prêts pour la capture
par lot. Consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour des détails sur la capture par lot.
De plus, vous pouvez afficher les détails du film, comme, par exemple, des informations
sur le keycode et la vitesse de film télécinéma (la vitesse TK), dans le Navigateur.
Consultez la section « Affichage d’informations relatives au film dans le Navigateur » à
la page 157 pour des informations sur l’ajout de colonnes de film dans le Navigateur.Chapitre 5 Capture des plans sources et création d’un lien avec la base de données 121
I
Ce qu’il faut savoir avant de capturer des plans individuellement
Il est également possible de capturer des plans individuellement avec Final Cut Pro sans
avoir recours au contrôle de périphérique. (Consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro
pour des détails sur la capture de plans individuels.)
Pour capturer vos plans, pensez aux points suivants :
 Si vous n’utilisez pas le contrôle de périphérique, Final Cut Pro ne peut pas recevoir le
timecode correct pour les plans lors de la capture. Cela signifie que vous devez corriger
le timecode pour chaque plan source dans Final Cut Pro. Pour ce faire, ouvrez chaque
plan dans le Visualiseur et prenez note de la valeur de timecode qui apparaît dans la
fenêtre d’affichage de la première image. Ensuite, choisissez Modify >Timecode et
saisissez la valeur que vous avez notée dans le champ Source. Cochez la case Drop
Frame, si nécessaire. Enfin, mettez à jour les numéros de bord du plan dans la base de
données de Cinema Tools à l’aide de la fonction Identify comme décrit dans la section
« Vérification et correction de numéros de code de bordure de timecode » à la
page 108.
 Si une perte d’images survient lors de la capture, la cut list risque de contenir des
informations inexactes et le processus de télécinéma inversé risque de ne pas
fonctionner correctement.
 Si votre vidéo a un timecode non-drop frame, vérifiez que Non-Drop Frame est
sélectionné dans le menu local Default Timecode, dans l’onglet Device Control Presets
de Final Cut Pro. Pour le faire rapidement, vous pouvez choisir DV-NDF dans la zone de
dialogue Configuration simplifiée de Final Cut Pro. (Consultez la documentation de
Final Cut Pro pour plus de détails sur l’utilisation de configurations simplifiées.)
 L’attribution de noms aux plans sources est importante car vous devrez relier ces
derniers à la base de données. Pour rendre le processus d’établissement de ce lien le
plus facile possible, utilisez des conventions de noms qui utilisent les identifiants de
scène et de prise. Par exemple, le plan de la scène 33, prise 1 serait intitulé « 33-1 ».
Vous pouvez utiliser des traits d’union dans les noms de plans mais pas de barre
oblique ni de deux-points.
Connexion des plans sources capturés à la base de données
Les plans sources et les enregistrements de la base de données étant créés par des
méthodes différentes et à des moments différents, le lien entre les deux doit être établi
après leur création. On parle de la connexion d’un plan à un enregistrement. La méthode
que vous allez utiliser pour connecter les plans à la base de données dépend de la
façon dont vous les avez capturés.122 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
 Si vous avez capturé vos plans sources à l’aide d’une liste de capture par lot : utilisez la
commande Connect Clips pour relier automatiquement tous vos plans sources à la
base de données. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Utilisation de la commande
Connect Clips pour connecter des plans sources » à la page 123.
 Si vous n’avez pas capturé vos plans sources à l’aide d’une liste de capture par lot : vous
devez relier individuellement chaque plan source aux enregistrements de la base de
données via la fenêtre Detail View ou la fenêtre Clip. Ces deux méthodes étant d’une
facilité d’usage équivalente, votre choix dépendra de la fenêtre qui se trouve déjà
ouverte. La fenêtre Clip est plus pratique si vous souhaitez sélectionner une nouvelle
affiche pour chaque plan ou si vous souhaitez utiliser la fonction Conform ou Reverse
Telecine sur chaque plan, immédiatement après l’avoir relié à la base de données.
Pour connecter vos plans, pensez à ces quelques règles :
 Chaque enregistrement de la base de données ne peut être connecté qu’à un plan
et chaque plan ne peut être connecté qu’à un enregistrement dans la même base
de données. En d’autres termes, vous ne pouvez pas connecter deux plans à un
enregistrement ni connecter un plan à deux enregistrements dans la même base
de données. (Un plan peut toutefois être connecté à des enregistrements de plusieurs
bases de données. Par exemple, vous pourriez avoir un plan connecté à un
enregistrement dans une base de données principale et à un enregistrement dans une
seconde base de données plus petite représentant une séquence montée.) Consultez
la section « Synchronisation d’un ensemble de plans sélectionnés pour créer une
nouvelle base de données » à la page 75 pour en savoir plus. Un enregistrement de
la base de données ne doit pas nécessairement être connecté à un plan.
 Vous pouvez relier des plans sources aux enregistrements à n’importe quel moment
situé entre la capture des plans et l’exportation des listes.
 Si vous utilisez un transfert camera-roll avec un lien numéros de bord/timecode continu,
vous pouvez utiliser la méthode de création de liste de film basée sur le timecode, afin
de ne pas devoir relier vos plans sources aux enregistrements. Pour plus d’informations,
consultez les sections « Gain de temps potentiel lors du transfert camera-roll » à la
page 73 et l’annexe B, « Création de listes de films avec Cinema Tools », à la page 245.
Évitez de déplacer vos plans sources ou d’en modifier le nom dans
le Finder
Une fois qu’un plan source est relié à la base de données, le lien doit demeurer intact
jusqu’au moment de la création de listes de film. Si le lien est rompu, les listes seront
incomplètes. Un lien entre un plan et une base de données est rompu dans les cas
suivants :
 le nom de fichier du plan source est modifié,
 le fichier du plan source est déplacé ou supprimé.
Pour rétablir des liens rompus, consultez « Réparation des liens rompus entre les
plans et les enregistrements » à la page 126.Chapitre 5 Capture des plans sources et création d’un lien avec la base de données 123
I
Utilisation de la commande Connect Clips pour connecter
des plans sources
Si vous avez capturé vos plans à l’aide d’une liste de capture par lot, la commande
Connect Clips peut connecter vos fichiers de plans capturés aux enregistrements
appropriés de la base de données.
Remarque : la commande Connect Clips ne fonctionne pas pour les plans sources
renommés après avoir été capturés ni pour les enregistrements qui sont déjà
connectés à un plan. Si l’enregistrement n’est pas relié au plan adéquat, utilisez
la commande Reconnect Clip pour corriger cette erreur.
Pour utiliser la commande Connect Clips afin de relier des plans à la base de données :
1 Assurez-vous que la fenêtre List View contient les enregistrements auxquels vous
souhaitez relier des plans.
Pour afficher tous les enregistrements de la base de données, cliquez sur Show All
dans la fenêtre List View.
2 Choisissez Database > Connect Clips.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, naviguez jusqu’au dossier contenant les plans,
puis sélectionnez un plan source dans le dossier.
Cinema Tools pourra se connecter à tous les plans se trouvant dans le dossier
contenant le plan sélectionné.
4 Cliquez sur Choose.
Pour chaque enregistrement n’ayant pas de plan associé, Cinema Tools recherche dans
le dossier sélectionné un plan dont le nom correspond. Chaque fois que Cinema Tools
en trouve un, il le connecte à l’enregistrement approprié.
Remarque : l’affiche de chaque plan relié n’apparaît dans la fenêtre Detail View que
si vous ouvrez ce plan dans la fenêtre Clip. Dans la fenêtre Detail View, cliquez sur le
bouton Open Clip pour ouvrir la fenêtre Clip et faire apparaître l’affiche.
Dans la fenêtre
List View, affichez les
enregistrements de base
de données auxquels
vous souhaitez connecter
des plans. 124 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Utilisation de la fenêtre Detail View pour connecter et
déconnecter des plans sources
Dans la fenêtre Detail View, il est possible de déterminer si un enregistrement est relié
à un plan en examinant le bouton situé au-dessus de l’affiche du plan.
Si le bouton s’intitule Open Clip, c’est que l’enregistrement actuel est déjà connecté à
un plan. Si le bouton s’intitule Connect Clip, c’est que l’enregistrement actuel n’est pas
connecté à un plan.
Pour utiliser la fenêtre Detail View afin de connecter un plan à un enregistrement :
1 Ouvrez la fiche de la base de données dans la fenêtre Detail View.
Consultez la section « Recherche et ouverture d’enregistrements de base de donnée » à
la page 80 pour en savoir plus.
2 Cliquez sur le bouton Connect Clip.
Remarque : si le bouton s’intitule Open Clip, c’est que l’enregistrement est déjà connecté
à un plan.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’affiche, sélectionnez un plan à relier à l’enregistrement
actuel.
Lorsque vous sélectionnez le plan, trois choses se produisent:
 Le plan est connecté à la base de données.
 Une affiche de la première image du plan apparaît dans la fenêtre Detail View et
le nom du plan apparaît au-dessus de l’affiche.
? Astuce : de plus, placer le pointeur au-dessus de la vignette affiche une bulle d’aide
contenant l’emplacement du plan. Cela est particulièrement utile si le plan est absent,
car cela vous permet de voir où Cinema Tools s’attend à trouver le plan.
Le bouton Open Clip
remplace le bouton Connect
Clip si un plan est déjà
connecté à l’enregistrement.
Le nom du plan apparaît
au-dessus de l’affiche
du plan.Chapitre 5 Capture des plans sources et création d’un lien avec la base de données 125
I
 Une fenêtre Clip s’ouvre pour le plan. Si vous souhaitez changer d’affiche pour
représenter le plan, positionnez-vous sur l’image souhaitée, puis cliquez sur le bouton
Poster Frame. Pour en savoir plus sur la fenêtre Clip, consultez la section « Fenêtre
Clip » à la page 59.
Remarque : si vous ne souhaitez pas que la fenêtre Clip s’ouvre après avoir connecté un
plan, appuyez sur la touche Commande lorsque vous cliquez sur le bouton Connect Clip.
Pour utiliser la fenêtre Detail View afin de déconnecter un plan capturé :
1 Ouvrez l’enregistrement dans la fenêtre Detail View, puis appuyez sur la touche Commande.
Le bouton Open Clip se transforme en bouton Disconnect Clip.
2 Cliquez sur Disconnect Clip.
Remarque : cette action permet de rompre le lien entre le plan source et l’enregistrement
de sorte qu’ils ne sont plus connectés. Le plan n’est pas supprimé de votre disque dur.
Utilisation de la fenêtre Clip pour connecter ou déconnecter
des plans source
Lorsqu’un plan n’est pas connecté à un enregistrement de base de données, la fenêtre
Clip contient un bouton nommé Enter in Database. Si un plan est déjà connecté, ce
bouton s’intitule Disconnect Clip.
Le bouton Enter in Database vous permet de connecter un plan source à un enregistrement
de base de données existant ou de créer un nouvel enregistrement de base de données et
d’y connecter le plan.
Pour utiliser la fenêtre Clip pour connecter un plan source à la base de données :
1 Choisissez File > Open Clip pour ouvrir le plan dans la fenêtre Clip, puis sélectionnez
le plan dans la zone de dialogue.
2 Cliquez sur le bouton Enter in Database.
Ce bouton se transforme en
Disconnect Clip une fois que
le plan est connecté à une
base de données.126 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
3 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’ouvre, saisissez un identifiant de scène et de prise pour
le plan source.
Important : les textes saisis sont sensibles à la casse. De plus, ne saisissez pas de trait
d’union entre le numéro de prise et la valeur pour la scène/la prise.
Consultez la section « Utilisation d’identifiants de scène, de plan et de prise » à la
page 93 pour en savoir plus.
4 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Cliquez sur OK pour connecter ce plan à l’enregistrement existant correspondant à
la scène et à la prise que vous avez spécifiées dans la zone de dialogue. S’il n’y a pas
d’enregistrement pour cette scène et cette prise, un nouvel enregistrement est créé.
 Cliquez sur New Record pour créer un nouvel enregistrement, même si un
enregistrement correspond déjà à la scène et à la prise que vous avez saisies.
Dans les deux cas, le plan source de la fenêtre Clip est connecté à l’enregistrement de
sorte que le lien est établi dans la base de données. Un plan source peut être connecté
à un enregistrement dans plusieurs bases de données, mais dans une même base de
données, il ne peut être connecté ou relié qu’à un seul enregistrement. Si le plan source
est déplacé ou renommé, le lien doit être rétabli.
Pour utiliser la fenêtre Clip pour annuler le lien d’un plan capturé :
1 Ouvrez le plan dans la fenêtre Clip.
2 Cliquez sur Disconnect Clip.
Remarque : cette action permet de rompre le lien entre le plan source et l’enregistrement
de sorte qu’ils ne sont plus connectés. Le plan n’est pas supprimé de votre disque dur.
Réparation des liens rompus entre les plans et les
enregistrements
Lorsqu’un plan source qui a été connecté à la base de données est déplacé ou renommé,
son lien avec la base de données est rompu et ce plan doit être à nouveau connecté. Pour
des plans individuels, cliquez sur le bouton Open Clip de la fenêtre Detail View : une zone
de dialogue s’ouvre dans laquelle vous pouvez reconnecter le plan à son enregistrement.
Si un groupe (dossier) de plans sources a été déplacé, vous pouvez utiliser la commande
Reconnect Clips du menu Database pour rétablir les liens de tous les plans qui partagent
le même dossier que le plan sélectionné (il suffit de sélectionner un plan par dossier). Chapitre 5 Capture des plans sources et création d’un lien avec la base de données 127
I
Reconnexion de plans individuels ayant été renommés
ou déplacés
Vous pouvez facilement reconnecter un plan individuel dont le lien avec la base
de données est brisé.
Pour reconnecter un plan source qui a été renommé ou déplacé :
1 Ouvrez la fiche de la base de données dans la fenêtre Detail View.
Consultez la section « Recherche et ouverture d’enregistrements de base de donnée » à
la page 80 pour en savoir plus.
2 Cliquez sur Open Clip.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, cliquez sur Reconnect, puis sélectionnez le plan.
Le plan est connecté à l’enregistrement de la base de données.
Détection des liens rompus et reconnexion de groupes de plans
ayant été déplacés
Pour les plans qui ont été déplacés (mais dont le nom n’a pas été modifié), la commande
Reconnect Clips du menu Database permet de détecter aisément les liens rompus et de
les réparer pour plusieurs plans d’un même dossier. Cette commande rétablit les liens de
tous les plans qui partagent le même dossier que le premier plan sélectionné, de sorte
que vous ne devez sélectionner qu’un plan par dossier.
Remarque : lorsqu’un volume de disque contenant des plans est démonté, Cinema Tools
ne peut pas retrouver les plans tant que ce volume n’a pas été remonté. La commande
Reconnect Clips ne permet pas de réparer ce genre de rupture temporaire de lien. Il vous
suffit de remonter le volume pour rétablir les liens.
Pour détecter et rétablir les liens rompus suite au déplacement des plans sources :
1 Assurez-vous que la fenêtre List View contient le groupe d’enregistrements dans lequel
vous souhaitez rechercher des liens rompus.
Pour afficher tous les enregistrements de la base de données, cliquez sur Show All dans
la fenêtre List View.
2 Choisissez Database > Reconnect Clips.128 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Une recherche est effectuée dans le groupe d’enregistrements de la fenêtre List View. Si une
rupture de lien est détectée, une zone de dialogue vous demande de sélectionner le plan.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue, sélectionnez le plan correct pour l’enregistrement courant,
puis cliquez sur Open.
Cinema Tools modifie le lien pour refléter le nouvel emplacement du plan et rétablit les
liens vers d’autres plans qui se trouvent dans le dossier contenant le plan sélectionné.
Si le nom des plans n’a pas été modifié, il suffit de sélectionner un plan par dossier.6
129
6 Préparation des plans sources
pour le montage
Un examen de vos plans sources avant de débuter le montage
peut vous faciliter ensuite le travail.
Une fois que vous avez créé la base de données Cinema Tools et capturé vos plans
sources, vous devez, avant de passer au montage, suivre certaines étapes importantes.
Consultez la section « Choix d’une méthode de préparation des plans sources en vue
du montage, » qui suit pour des informations sur ces processus.
Si vous avez capturé l’audio et la vidéo séparément, consultez la section « Synchronisation
séparée de l’audio et de la vidéo capturés » à la page 146.
Par ailleurs, afin d’utiliser au mieux votre espace disque, il est conseillé d’éliminer une partie
des données capturées avant de commencer le montage. Consultez la section « Division
ou suppression de sections de plans sources avant le montage » à la page 147 pour en
savoir plus.
Choix d’une méthode de préparation des plans sources en
vue du montage
Pour déterminer les étapes à suivre pour préparer vos plans sources, vous devez prendre
en considération la vitesse du télécinéma, le type de vidéo (NTSC ou PAL) et la vitesse que
vous envisagez d’utiliser pour le montage.
Vos principaux objectifs sont de :
 régler la vitesse de défilement vidéo sur la vitesse que vous souhaitez utiliser pour
le montage,
 conserver ou rétablir la synchronisation audio/vidéo.
Remarque : pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation de la vidéo 24P, consultez le chapitre 11,
« Utilisation de la vidéo 24P et de listes EDL 24 ips », à la page 209.130 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Sélection d’une vitesse de montage
Il est généralement recommandé de monter votre film à la vitesse à laquelle il a été
tourné et enregistré. Par exemple, si vous filmez, enregistrez et montez à 24 ips, l’audio,
la vidéo et le son et les images originaux sont à la même vitesse. Lorsque la vitesse du
montage est la même que celle du tournage et de l’enregistrement, vous pouvez
numériser directement à partir des enregistrements sonores originaux car l’image et
le son sont synchronisés. Aucun réglage de synchronisation n’est alors nécessaire.
Sachez cependant qu’il existe une exception : dans un environnement NTSC, dans lequel
vous devez utiliser un équipement NTSC et sortir le fruit de votre travail sur des bandes
NTSC, il se peut que vous préfériez monter à 23,98 ips parce que vous pouvez alors
profiter de la fonction pulldown Real-Time Effects de Final Cut Pro qui vous permet de
sortir votre vidéo à 23,98 ips sur un périphérique FireWire externe sous la forme de vidéo
à 29,97 ips. Vous avez le choix entre trois modèles de pulldown (2:3:2:3, 2:3:3:2 et 2:2:2:4).
Ces modèles de pulldown ne sont pas disponibles pour la vidéo à 24 ips.
Remarque : de plus, Final Cut Pro dispose de deux options de pulldown pour la vidéo PAL
à 24 ips qui vous permettent de sortir la vidéo à 24 ips sur un périphérique FireWire externe
sous la forme de vidéo à 25 ips.
Consultez la section « Ajout d’un pulldown à une vidéo de 23,98 ips » à la page 227
pour en savoir plus sur l’ajout d’un pulldown à l’aide de Final Cut Pro. Consultez la
documentation de Final Cut Pro pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation de la fonction de
pulldown Real-Time Effects.
Rappelez-vous que si vous enregistrez à 24 ips puis convertissez en 23,98 ips, votre vidéo
est lue à une vitesse légèrement inférieure à celle de l’enregistrement original. Étant
légèrement plus lente, elle est appelée pulled down. Lorsque de la vidéo est ajustée en 24
images, le son numérisé doit lui aussi être ajusté, soit en ralentissant légèrement la lecture
de la bande ou du disque audio original pendant la numérisation (par exemple, au cours
du processus de transfert télécinéma) soit en ajustant la vitesse du plan à 99,9 pour cent
après la capture.
Méthodes de préparation des plans sources
Il y a plusieurs façons d’ajuster vos plans sources à la fréquence d’images à laquelle
vous souhaitez faire le montage :
 Utilisez du matériel spécialisé pour capturer à la vitesse de défilement choisie : si vous
utilisez l’appareil adéquat, vous pouvez convertir la vitesse de défilement des images
en temps réel pendant que les plans sont capturés et régler la vitesse audio pour la
faire concorder. Une fois que vous l’avez fait, les plans sont déjà synchronisés et vous
n’avez plus besoin des fonctions Cinema Tools Reverse Telecine ou Conform pour la
conversion de la fréquence d’images.Chapitre 6 Préparation des plans sources pour le montage 131
I
 Utilisez la fonction de télécinéma inversé dans les cas suivants : si vos plans ont la fréquence
d’images NTSC standard de 29,97 ips, vous pouvez utiliser la fonction Reverse Telecine
pour inverser le pulldown 3:2 qui fut utilisé pour convertir les plans en 29,97 ips, en
supprimant les trames supplémentaires créées par l’ajustement en 24 images et en
convertissant les plans en 23,98 ips ou 24 ips. Lorsque les plans contiennent à la fois
de l’audio et de la vidéo, la fonction de télécinéma inversé adapte également la vitesse
audio, afin que l’audio et la vidéo restent synchronisés après le changement de vitesse.
 Utilisez la fonction de conformation : si vos plans ont la fréquence d’images PAL standard
de 25 ips, vous pouvez utiliser la fonction Conform pour les convertir à la fréquence
d’images à laquelle vous voulez faire le montage. Lorsque les plans contiennent à la fois
de l’audio et de la vidéo, la fonction de conformation adapte également la vitesse audio,
afin que l’audio et la vidéo restent synchronisés après le changement de vitesse.
Remarque : si l’audio a été enregistré séparément et qu’il ne fait pas partie des plans
sources, vous devez également synchroniser les éléments audio et vidéo et les fusionner
en un seul plan dans Final Cut Pro. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Synchronisation
séparée de l’audio et de la vidéo capturés » à la page 146.
Utilisation de la fonction de conformation
Conformer un plan à une vitesse signifie attribuer à chaque image du plan une durée
identique exprimée en secondes, basée sur une vitesse que vous spécifiez. Par exemple,
si vous conformez un plan de 360 images à la vitesse de 24 images par seconde, chaque
image représente 1/24 de seconde et la durée totale du plan est égale à 360/24 secondes,
c’est-à-dire 15 secondes. Utilisez la fonction de conformation pour convertir la vitesse
d’un plan en vue du montage. Si le plan contient à la fois de l’audio et de la vidéo, la
fonction de conformation adapte également la vitesse audio, afin que l’audio et la vidéo
restent synchronisés.
Pour savoir s’il faut ou non utiliser la fonction Conform, consultez la section « Choix
d’une méthode de préparation des plans sources en vue du montage » à la page 129.
Important : la conformation modifie le fichier de données source proprement dit.
Vous devez disposer d’autorisations de lecture et d’écriture sur le fichier de données
pour que la fonction Conform soit disponible. De plus, vous ne pouvez pas utiliser
la commande Annuler pour rétablir la fréquence d’images originale du fichier, par
contre vous pouvez utiliser la fonction Conform une seconde fois pour rétablir la
fréquence d’images originale, si nécessaire. 132 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Conformation d’un plan à la fois
La conformation se fait un plan à la fois.
Pour conformer un plan dans Cinema Tools :
1 Choisissez File > Open Clip, puis sélectionnez le plan voulu dans la zone de dialogue.
2 Dans la fenêtre Clip, cliquez sur le bouton Conform.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue Conform Clip, choisissez une nouvelle vitesse dans le menu
local « Conform to », puis cliquez sur Conform.
Vous pouvez aussi conformer des plans à 25 ips en 24 ips à partir de Final Cut Pro.
Pour conformer un plan dans Final Cut Pro :
1 Sélectionnez le ou les plans à conformer de 25 ips à 24 ips dans le Navigateur.
2 Choisissez Tools > Conform 25 to 24.
Les plans sont conformés à 24 ips.
Remarque : si l’un ou l’autre des plans sélectionnés n’est pas à 25 ips, un avertissement
disant que ce ou ces plans ne seront pas traités apparaît.
Conformation par lot de plusieurs plans à la fois
Si vous ne souhaitez pas conformer la vitesse de chaque plan individuellement, vous
pouvez le faire pour tous les plans d’un dossier sélectionné en utilisant la fonction de
conformation par lot « Batch conform ».
Pour procéder à une conformation par lot dans Cinema Tools :
1 Veillez à placer tous les plans à conformer dans le même dossier.
2 Choisissez File > Batch Conform.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’affiche, sélectionnez n’importe quel fichier de plan
source dans le dossier contenant les plans à conformer, puis cliquez sur Choose.
Remarque : il suffit de sélectionner un fichier. Tous les plans du dossier seront conformés.Chapitre 6 Préparation des plans sources pour le montage 133
I
4 Dans la zone de dialogue Batch Conform, choisissez une vitesse dans le menu local
Conform to, puis cliquez sur Conform.
Au terme de ce processus, vous obtenez les résultats suivants :
 Les plans sont conformés à la fréquence d’images sélectionnée et placés dans un
dossier créé par Cinema Tools nommé Conformed [fréquence d’images] où « fréquence
d’images » est la nouvelle fréquence d’images des plans. Un dossier peut par exemple
porter le nom « Conformed 24.0 ».
 Si Cinema Tools n’est pas en mesure d’effectuer jusqu’au bout le processus de
conformation d’un plan, ce dernier est placé dans un sous-dossier spécial créé par
Cinema Tools et nommé Skipped (Ignorés). (Les plans ne sont pas traités s’il ne
contiennent pas de piste vidéo, si leur vitesse n’est pas gérée ou si aucun codec n’est
détecté pour leur piste vidéo.)
 Un fichier texte nommé « conform.log » apparaît au premier niveau du dossier. Il s’agit
d’un historique qui indique la date et l’heure du début et de la fin du traitement pour
chaque plan. Si des problèmes surgissent, tels qu’un manque d’espace disque ou de
mémoire, un message d’erreur décrivant le problème apparaît également dans
l’historique.
Inversion du pulldown télécinéma
Lorsque vous utilisez un télécinéma pour convertir un film à 24 ips ou 23,98 ips en vidéo
NTSC à 29,97 ips, la façon typique de distribuer les images du film dans les images NTSC est
la méthode pulldown 3:2. La méthode du pulldown 3:2, comme l’explique la section « Infos
générales sur la vitesse de défilement des images » à la page 23, consiste à insérer des
trames vidéo supplémentaires. Le télécinéma inversé supprime les trames supplémentaires
(comme illustré ci-après) en rétablissant la fréquence d’images du film. En d’autres termes,
le télécinéma inversé inverse le pulldown 3:2. En inversant (ou supprimant) le pulldown 3:2,
les images de la vidéo et celles du film concordent parfaitement de sorte que vos cut lists
sont exactes. 134 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Remarque : la fonction Reverse Telecine ne peut pas être utilisée avec de la vidéo
comprimée dans le temps, comme, par exemple, la vidéo au format MPEG-2.
Important : si vos plans sources proviennent d’un type spécial de caméscope DV
capable de filmer en mode 24p, tel que le Panasonic AG-DVX100 camcorder, c’est
une forme simplifiée de la zone de dialogue Reverse Telecine qui s’affiche. Consultez
la section « Suppression de pulldown 2:3:3:2 ou 2:3:2:3 avec Cinema Tools » à la
page 221 pour des instructions sur l’inversion du pulldown de plans provenant d’une
caméra DV compatible 24p.
A A B B B C C D D D A A B B B C C D D D A A B B C C D D D A A B B B D B C C D D D A B A B B C C D D A B A B B C C D D D
A B C D A D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D B C
A B C D
A A B B C C D D
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
D
Field
2
B
Field
1
Avant
(29,97 ips)
Après
(23,98 ips)
Une seconde
3:2 Suppression du pulldown
Conseils d’utilisation du télécinéma inversé
 Le télécinéma inversé est plus efficace si la vidéo capturée n’a pas subi de pertes de
données. Si vous essayez d’utiliser la fonction Reverse Telecine sur un plan ayant subi
des pertes d’images, un avertissement apparaît. Consultez la section « Comment
éviter les pertes d’images » à la page 112 pour en savoir plus.
 Si vous devez inverser le pulldown de plusieurs plans, il est conseillé d’utiliser la
fonction Batch Reverse Telecine (télécinéma inversé par lot) afin de pouvoir les
traiter simultanément. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Utilisation de la fonction
Batch Reverse Telecine » à la page 141.
 L’inversion du pulldown 3:2 à l’aide d’un logiciel est une opération qui exige
beaucoup de temps. Vous devrez prévoir un temps d’attente pendant que
l’ordinateur traite les données. Il est plus rapide d’effectuer un télécinéma inversé
matériel à l’aide d’une carte de capture de tierce partie pendant que la vidéo est
capturée sur votre ordinateur.Chapitre 6 Préparation des plans sources pour le montage 135
I
Spécification des informations de capture de trame
Vous devez saisir des informations de capture de trame dans la zone de dialogue
Reverse Telecine. Tous vos plans sont en général créés à partir du même matériel et
des mêmes réglages, il suffit donc d’analyser quelques images d’un plan pour déterminer
le mode de capture de trame. Un plan peut être capturé comme une trame ou deux
trames, avec une priorité de trame 1 ou de trame 2.
Dans la fenêtre d’affichage des images vidéo, observez les numéros de bord et les
timecodes pour déterminer la séquence d’images et vérifier si la vidéo comporte une
trame ou deux. La fenêtre d’affichage des numéros de bord inclut généralement les
indicateurs de types d’images A, B, C et D. (En outre, le timecode place souvent le
numéro « 1 » à la fin pour indiquer la trame 1 et « 2 » pour indiquer la trame 2.) Dans
la fenêtre Clip, utilisez les touches fléchées de votre clavier pour faire défiler quelques
images d’un plan et observer la séquence de numéros d’image du film. Consultez le
tableau ci-dessous pour trouver vos informations de trame.
Si la séquence d’images
répétée est Alors votre vidéo contient
Dans la zone de dialogue
Reverse Telecine, sélectionnez
comme Capture Mode
AA, BB, BC, CD, DD
ou
A1A2, B1B2, B3C1, C2D1, D2D3
Les deux trames, avec priorité de
la trame 1
Trame 1 - trame 2
AB, BB, CC, DD, DA,
ou
A2B1, B2B3, C1C2, D1D2, D3A1
Les deux trames, avec priorité de
la trame 2
Trame 2 - trame 1
A, B, B, C, D
ou
A1, B1, B3, C2, D1
Une trame, avec priorité de la
trame 1
Trame 1 uniquement
A, B, C, D, D
ou
A2, B2, C1, D1, D3
Une trame, avec priorité de la
trame 2
Trame 2 uniquement 136 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Utilisation de la fonction Reverse Telecine sur un unique plan source
dans Cinema Tools
Utilisez la fonction de télécinéma inversé à plan unique pour procéder au télécinéma
inversé sur un seul plan. Vous pouvez aussi procéder au télécinéma inversé sur des
plans à l’aide de Final Cut Pro. Consultez la section « Utilisation de la fonction Reverse
Telecine sur des plans source dans Final Cut Pro » à la page 140 pour en savoir plus.
La fenêtre d’affichage est généralement nécessaire pour utiliser la fonction Reverse
Telecine car vous devez pouvoir observer les numéros de bord ou les timecodes
directement sur le plan pour décider des réglages de télécinéma inversé. Cependant,
si vos plans sources proviennent d’un type particulier de caméscope gérant le 24P, tel
que le modèle AG-DVX100 de Panasonic, la fenêtre d’affichage n’est pas nécessaire
pour inverser le pulldown. Consultez la section « Suppression de pulldown 2:3:3:2 ou
2:3:2:3 avec Cinema Tools » à la page 221 pour en savoir plus.
Remarque : pour que le télécinéma inversé fonctionne correctement, le fichier de
données ne peut pas être utilisé par une autre application. De plus, le plan ne peut pas
être ouvert dans le Finder ni protégé en écriture. Si vous procédez au télécinéma
inversé sur des plans qui sont ouverts dans une autre application, un message d’alerte
apparaît pour vous prévenir que le fichier est en cours d’utilisation.
Qu’est-ce que la priorité de trame ?
La priorité de trame d’un plan capturé est déterminée par le matériel de télécinéma et
n’est généralement pas configurable par l’utilisateur. Les images vidéo sont composées
de deux trames ; une trame contient toutes les lignes paires de la vidéo et l’autre
toutes les lignes impaires. Sur le télécinéma, les deux trames sont numérisées à des
moments différents, ce qui signifie que la cadre du film peut avancer entre le moment
où la première trame est numérisée et le moment où la seconde trame est numérisée :
 Lorsqu’une seule trame est capturée : la priorité de trame 1 signifie que seule la
trame 1 est capturée, tandis que la priorité de trame 2 signifie que seule la trame 2
est capturée.
 Lorsque les deux trames sont capturées : la priorité de trame 1 signifie que chaque
image capturée est numérisée à partir de deux trames vidéo, mais que la trame 1
survient plus tôt.
Remarque : avec la priorité de trame 1, les deux trames vidéo numérisées dans chaque
image capturée doivent présenter la même adresse de timecode, car le timecode
SMPTE est spécifié comme débutant à la trame 1. La priorité de trame 2, lorsque les
deux trames sont capturées, signifie que la trame 2 survient plus tôt et que l’image
capturée contient des trames vidéo présentant deux valeurs de timecode différentes.Chapitre 6 Préparation des plans sources pour le montage 137
I
Pour utiliser la fonction Reverse Telecine sur un unique plan dans Cinema Tools :
1 Choisissez File > Open Clip, puis sélectionnez le plan voulu dans la zone de dialogue.
2 Dans la fenêtre Clip, positionnez la tête de lecture de manière à ce qu’une image fixe
avec une fenêtre d’affichage aisément lisible soit affichée.
Vous devez voir la fenêtre d’affichage pour pouvoir identifier le type d’image dans la zone
de dialogue Reverse Telecine. N’importe quelle image du plan peut convenir (le
télécinéma inversé sera appliqué à la totalité du plan quelle que soit l’image affichée).
3 Dans la fenêtre Clip, cliquez sur Reverse Telecine.
4 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, sélectionnez le mode de capture qui indique la
capture de trame correcte pour le plan :
 Trame 1 uniquement : sélectionnez cette option si la vidéo ne contient que la trame 1.
 Trame 2 uniquement : sélectionnez cette option si la vidéo ne contient que la trame 2.
 Field 1 - Field 2 : sélectionnez cette option si la vidéo contient les deux trames et que
la trame 1 est prédominante (celle qui apparaît en premier).
 Field 2 - Field 1 : sélectionnez cette option si la vidéo contient les deux trames et que
la trame 2 est prédominante (celle qui apparaît en premier).
Consultez la section « Spécification des informations de capture de trame » à la page 135
pour en savoir plus.
Remarque : si Cinema Tools trouve les informations de pulldown incrustées dans les plans
sources, la zone de dialogue apparaît dans sa version simplifiée. Consultez à ce sujet la
section « Suppression de pulldown 2:3:3:2 ou 2:3:2:3 avec Cinema Tools » à la page 221.
5 Sélectionnez l’élément en bas de la fenêtre qui indique le type d’image affichée dans
la fenêtre Clip. 138 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Le type d’image dépend du mode de capture de trame choisi.
6 Sélectionnez New (smaller) ou Same (faster) pour spécifier le type de fichier que
la fonction Reverse Telecine doit créer :
 New (smaller) : crée un nouveau fichier de plan ne contenant pas les images
supplémentaires insérées par le pulldown 3:2. La taille du nouveau fichier est réduite
d’environ 20 pour cent, mais cette méthode est plus lente. Que le fichier original soit
une référence ou autonome, cette méthode crée un fichier autonome. Consultez
la section « La différence entre les fichiers de données autonomes et les fichiers de
données de référence » à la page 149 pour en savoir plus.
 Same (faster) : modifie le fichier du plan pour faire en sorte que les images surnuméraires
ne soient pas visibles pour le système de montage, mais ne supprime pas ces données
du fichier. Ce processus est plus rapide, mais ne réduit pas la taille du fichier. Le fichier
qui en résulte est autonome s’il était autonome à l’origine ou une référence s’il était une
référence à l’origine.
Remarque : la méthode Same (faster) n’est disponible que si le plan a été capturé ou
recompressé afin d’obtenir seulement une trame par image. Cela est dû au fait que
l’inversion du pulldown 3:2 d’un plan contenant deux trames par image requiert le
désentrelacement de deux images distinctes, en supprimant une trame de chacune de
ces images, puis en créant une nouvelle image à partir des deux autres trames. Lorsque
vous créez de nouvelles images, vous devez également créer un nouveau fichier de film.
Choisissez le type d’image qui correspond à
l’image affichée dans la fenêtre Clip.
Si vous souhaitez que vos sélections soient
affichées en tant que lettres et chiffres (par
exemple, A2, B2, C1, etc), choisissez Style 2
dans le menu local.
Différents choix sont disponibles selon le
mode de capture sélectionné.Chapitre 6 Préparation des plans sources pour le montage 139
I
? Tip : si vous choisissez la méthode New (smaller), le fichier original devient inutile mais
n’est pas automatiquement supprimé. Une zone de dialogue suggère de nommer le
nouveau fichier de la même façon que l’original, mais en ajoutant l’extension « .rev ».
Pour supprimer le fichier original en le remplaçant par le nouveau fichier, supprimez
l’extension « .rev » dans la zone de dialogue afin que le nouveau fichier porte le même
nom que l’original. Mais n’oubliez pas que si vous supprimez le fichier original, vous ne
pourrez pas utiliser la télécinéma inversé une seconde fois pour essayer un autre réglage.
7 Dans le menu local « Conform to », choisissez la fréquence d’images qui vous permet
de maintenir ou de restaurer la synchronisation audio-video :
 23.98 : cette vitesse est utile si vous comptez utiliser ultérieurement la fonction
pulldown de Final Cut Pro qui permet de sortir la vidéo 23,98 ips à 29,97 ips
(Consultez la section « Modèles de pulldown applicables à la vidéo 23,98 ips » à la
page 225 pour en savoir plus.)
 24.0 : vous pouvez avoir intérêt à conformer et à monter les plans à cette vitesse si
vous comptez les inclure à un projet contenant d’autres plans à exactement 24 ips.
Remarque : si le plan contient à la fois la vidéo et l’audio et si vous choisissez 24.0
dans ce menu local, la fonction Reverse Telecine accélère très légèrement l’audio
pour qu’elle soit synchrone avec la vitesse de 24 ips et non de 23,98.
8 Laissez la case Standard Upper/Lower sélectionnée.
Il est recommandé de sélectionner la case Standard Upper/Lower à moins que vous ne
trouviez que le processus de télécinéma inversé ne produit pas les bons résultats. Elle
n’est utile que lorsque les deux trames vidéo sont capturées, mais est sans effet si une
seule trame est capturée. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Vérification des
résultats du télécinéma inversé » à la page 140.
9 Cliquez sur OK pour lancer le télécinéma inversé.
Si vous avez sélectionné l’option New (smaller), vous devez attribuer une destination et
un nom au nouveau plan inversé. Si le plan d’origine était connecté à un enregistrement
de base de données, le nouveau plan inversé remplace cette connexion (qu’il écrase ou
non l’ancien plan).
Remarque : on tombe parfois sur des plans qui possèdent des durées d’image individuelles
plus longues que ce qu’elles ne devraient être. Dans ce cas, la fonction Reverse Telecine
peut signaler des pertes d’images qui, en réalité, ne se sont pas produites. Si ce message
apparaît, utilisez la fonction Conform, expliquée à la section « Utilisation de la fonction
de conformation » à la page 131 pour conformer le plan à 29,97 ips, puis relancez le
télécinéma inversé. La fonction Conform garantit une longueur uniforme de tous les plans.
Choisissez une vitesse.
Laissez cette case
sélectionnée.140 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Si vous avez créé un nouveau fichier (par défaut, avec l’extension « .rev ») et n’avez
pas supprimé le fichier original, vous pouvez procéder une seconde fois au télécinéma
inversé, si nécessaire (par exemple, pour essayer un autre réglage de trame).
Pour préparer une seconde utilisation de la fonction Reverse Telecine sur un plan
unique :
1 Déconnectez le fichier inversé courant de son enregistrement de base de données.
2 Connectez le fichier original à l’enregistrement de base de données.
3 Renommez ou déplacez le fichier inversé courant si vous ne voulez pas qu’il soit écrasé.
Vous pouvez maintenant utiliser la fonction Reverse Telecine sur un plan unique dans
Cinema Tools comme décrit à la page 137.
Utilisation de la fonction Reverse Telecine sur des plans source dans
Final Cut Pro
Final Cut Pro contient une commande de menu qui permet de procéder au télécinéma
inversé sur les plans sélectionnés dans le Navigateur.
Il est important de comprendre que, si c’est Final Cut Pro qui lance le processus de
télécinéma inversé, c’est Cinema Tools qui effectue l’opération. De plus, vous n’avez
pas les mêmes choix que lorsque vous utilisez le télécinéma inversé directement dans
Cinema Tools (les réglages qui sont utilisés pour le processus de télécinéma inversé à l’aide
de Final Cut Pro sont les derniers réglages utilisés dans Cinema Tools). C’est pourquoi il est
recommandé de toujours procéder au télécinéma inversé sur un plan directement dans
Cinema Tools pour vérifier que les réglages sont corrects avant de traiter des plans à l’aide
de Final Cut Pro.
Vérification des résultats du télécinéma inversé
Après un transfert pulldown 3:2 télécinéma, la trame du dessus est généralement la
trame 1 et celle du dessous la trame 2, sauf si le format DV est utilisé. Normalement,
lorsque la case « Standard upper/lower » est sélectionnée, Cinema Tools détermine ce
qu’il faut faire et les plans sont traités correctement. Il arrive cependant (très rarement)
que lors de la capture ou du traitement de la vidéo, l’ordre des trames soit interverti,
ce qui entraîne des résultats erronés du télécinéma inversé.
Pour savoir si des erreurs se sont produites, observez les images d’un plan sur lequel
le télécinéma inversé a été appliqué. En examinant chaque image du plan, vous devez
constater que la série d’images A, B, C et D est répétée et que chaque lettre est bien
lisible. Vous ne devriez pas voir de scintillement intertrame. Les numéros d’images
doivent se suivre en ordre croissant et doivent également être bien lisibles. Si ce n’est
pas le cas, procédez de nouveau au télécinéma inversé, mais cette fois sans sélectionner
l’option « Standard upper/lower ». Chapitre 6 Préparation des plans sources pour le montage 141
I
Important : appliquer le télécinéma inversé à l’aide de Final Cut Pro modifie le fichier
de données original (vous n’avez pas la possibilité de créer un nouveau fichier de
données comme dans Cinema Tools). Vous devez disposer de privilèges de lecture
et d’écriture sur les fichiers de données.
Pour utiliser Final Cut Pro pour procéder au télécinéma inversé sur des plans sources :
1 Dans le Navigateur de Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez les plans à traiter.
Remarque : seuls les fichiers utilisant une fréquence d’images de 29,97 ips sont traités.
2 Choisissez Tools > Cinema Tools Reverse Telecine.
Cinema Tools s’ouvre et applique le télécinéma inversé en affichant une zone de
dialogue qui montre la progression de la tâche.
Utilisation de la fonction Batch Reverse Telecine
Si vous devez inverser le pulldown 3:2 de plusieurs plans, vous pouvez utiliser la
commande Batch Reverse Telecine (télécinéma inversé par lot) afin de pouvoir les
traiter simultanément.
Remarque : si vos plans sources ont été enregistrés à l’aide d’un type particulier de
caméscope DV 24P, tel que le modèle AG-DVX100 de Panasonic, consultez la section
« Suppression de pulldown 2:3:3:2 ou 2:3:2:3 avec Cinema Tools » à la page 221.
Préparation avant de procéder à un télécinéma inversé par lot
Il y a deux choses à faire avant de procéder à un télécinéma inversé par lot :
 Commencez par appliquer le télécinéma inversé à un seul plan et observez le résultat
afin de vous assurer que les réglages sont corrects. Vous trouverez des instructions à
ce sujet dans la section « Utilisation de la fonction Reverse Telecine sur un unique
plan source dans Cinema Tools » à la page 136.
 Si vous travaillez sur de la vidéo contenant deux trames, assurez-vous que tous vos plans
ont la même priorité de trame. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Spécification
des informations de capture de trame » à la page 135. Certains matériels de
numérisation peuvent basculer de façon imprévisible entre la priorité de trame 1 et la
priorité de trame 2. S’il s’avère que la priorité de certains de vos plans diffère des autres
plans, vous pouvez séparer vos plans en deux lots et les traiter séparément.142 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
À propos des images A
Si votre vidéo a une fenêtre d’affichage, la façon la plus simple de localiser une image
« A » est de jeter un œil au numéro de bord dans l’image vidéo qui, normalement, est
suivi d’une lettre indiquant le type d’image. Cette lettre s’appelle indicateur de type
d’image. Les images A comprennent toutes les images possédant un indicateur de type
d’image commençant par « A », y compris les images AA (on parle aussi de A1A2), AB
(on parle aussi de A2B1), A1 ou A2. Lorsque vous regardez la vidéo une image à la fois,
l’indicateur de type d’image d’une image A est « A » tandis que le numéro d’image est
fixe (il ne scintille pas entre deux images).
Si vous utilisez un timecode non-drop frame et que vos plans sources n’ont pas encore
été montés, les images A surviennent systématiquement toutes les 5 images.
Généralement, tout numéro de timecode se terminant par « 0 » ou « 5 » est une image A
(par exemple, 1:23:14:10 et 1:23:14:15).
Pendant le télécinéma inversé par lot, si un plan commence à un numéro de timecode
qui n’est pas divisible par cinq (numéro de timecode se terminant par « 5 » ou « 0 »),
Cinema Tools ajuste les images depuis le début du plan, afin que le plan commence à
l’image suivante avec un numéro de timecode se terminant par « 0 » ou « 5 ». Cela
permet de s’assurer que tous les plans sources commencent sur une image A. Les plans
qui sont ajustés sont consignés dans le fichier d’historique de télécinéma inversé par
lot, qui est nommé « reverse.log ».
Il est plus difficile de localiser les images A lorsque les numéros de bord ne sont pas
incrustés dans la vidéo. Si votre vidéo présente beaucoup de mouvement, vous
parviendrez peut-être à distinguer l’une des images du film original aux côtés d’une
image vidéo. Dans ce cas, recherchez une image vidéo composée de deux trames de
l’image originale correspondante, qui soit précédée et suivie d’images de film distinctes.
Cette image doit être une image A.
L’indicateur de type
d’image dans la fenêtre
d’affichage vous
indique qu’il s’agit
d’une image A.Chapitre 6 Préparation des plans sources pour le montage 143
I
Utilisation du télécinéma inversé par lot sur plusieurs plans
Avant d’utiliser le télécinéma inversé par lot pour traiter plusieurs plans sources à la fois,
lisez la section « Préparation avant de procéder à un télécinéma inversé par lot » à la
page 141.
Pour utiliser le télécinéma inversé par lot :
1 Placez tous les plans à traiter dans le même dossier.
2 Choisissez File > Batch Reverse Telecine.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’affiche, sélectionnez n’importe quel fichier de plan
source dans le dossier contenant les plans sources, puis cliquez sur Choose.
4 Dans la zone de dialogue Batch Reverse Telecine, sélectionnez le mode de capture qui
indique la capture de trame correcte pour le plan :
 Trame 1 uniquement : sélectionnez cette option si la vidéo ne contient que la trame 1.
 Trame 2 uniquement : sélectionnez cette option si la vidéo ne contient que la trame 2.
 F1 - F2 : sélectionnez cette option si la vidéo contient les deux trames et que la trame 1
est prédominante (celle qui apparaît en premier).
 F2 - F1 : sélectionnez cette option si la vidéo contient les deux trames et que la trame 2
est prédominante (celle qui apparaît en premier).
Consultez la section « Spécification des informations de capture de trame » à la page 135
pour en savoir plus.
Remarque : si Cinema Tools trouve les informations de pulldown incrustées dans les plans
sources, la zone de dialogue apparaît dans sa version simplifiée. Consultez à ce sujet la
section « Suppression de pulldown 2:3:3:2 ou 2:3:2:3 avec Cinema Tools » à la page 221.
5 Dans le menu local « Conform to », choisissez la fréquence d’images qui vous permet
de maintenir ou de restaurer la synchronisation audio-video :
 23.98 : cette vitesse est utile si vous comptez utiliser ultérieurement la fonction pulldown
de Final Cut Pro qui permet de sortir la vidéo 23,98 ips à 29,97 ips. (Consultez la section
« Modèles de pulldown applicables à la vidéo 23,98 ips » à la page 225 pour en savoir
plus.)
Sélectionnez les
informations de capture
de trame pour ce plan.144 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
 24.0 : vous pouvez avoir intérêt à conformer et à monter les plans à cette vitesse si
vous comptez les inclure à un projet contenant d’autres plans à exactement 24 ips.
Remarque : si le plan contient à la fois la vidéo et l’audio et si vous choisissez 24.0
dans ce menu local, la fonction Reverse Telecine accélère très légèrement l’audio
pour qu’elle soit synchrone avec la vitesse de 24 ips et non de 23,98.
6 Laissez la case « Standard Upper/Lower » sélectionnée.
Il est recommandé de sélectionner la case « Standard Upper/Lower » à moins que vous
ne trouviez que le processus de télécinéma inversé ne produit pas les bons résultats. Pour
en savoir plus, consultez la section « Vérification des résultats du télécinéma inversé » à
la page 140.
7 Pour enregistrer les plans d’origine dans un dossier distinct, laissez la case Keep Originals
sélectionnée. Si vous ne souhaitez pas enregistrer les plans originaux, ne la sélectionnez
pas (si elle n’est pas sélectionnée, les plans originaux sont supprimés chaque fois qu’un
nouveau plan est créé).
Important : vous ne pouvez pas annuler une opération de télécinéma inversé. Si vous
n’enregistrez pas les plans originaux et si vous trouvez ultérieurement que l’un des
réglages n’était pas correct, vous devrez recapturer les plans pour corriger le réglage
et procéder au télécinéma inversé sur les plans une seconde fois.
8 Cliquez sur OK pour lancer le télécinéma inversé par lot.
Une fois le processus terminé, la situation est la suivante :
 Pour chaque plan du dossier est créé un nouveau plan portant le même nom. Il est
alors placé dans un sous-dossier créé par Cinema Tools nommé Reversed.
 Si vous avez sélectionné Keep Originals, les fichiers d’origine sont placés dans un
sous-dossier créé par Cinema Tools et nommé Originals.
 Si Cinema Tools ne peut effectuer le processus de télécinéma inverse pour un plan,
ce dernier est transféré à un sous-dossier Cinema Tools nommé Skipped. Un plan
n’est pas traité s’il ne contient pas de piste vidéo, si sa vitesse n’est pas gérée ou si
aucun codec n’est détecté pour la piste vidéo.
 Un fichier texte nommé « reverse.log » apparaît au premier niveau du dossier par
lequel vous avez commencé. Ce fichier précise la date et l’heure du lancement et
de la fin du processus, ainsi que l’heure de début de chaque plan. Si des problèmes
surgissent, tels qu’un manque d’espace disque ou de mémoire, un message d’erreur
décrivant le problème apparaît également dans l’historique.
De plus, vous devrez utiliser la commande Reconnect pour reconnecter les plans inversés
nouvellement créés aux enregistrements correspondants. Consultez la section « Réparation
des liens rompus entre les plans et les enregistrements » à la page 126 pour en savoir
plus.Chapitre 6 Préparation des plans sources pour le montage 145
I
Utilisation du télécinéma inversé par lot une seconde fois
Si, après avoir procédé au télécinéma inversé par lot, vous devez modifier un réglage
et procéder à un nouveau télécinéma inversé par lot, procédez comme suit.
Pour préparer l’utilisation du télécinéma inversé par lot une seconde fois :
1 Déplacez les plans du dossier Originals dans leur dossier original.
Remarque : si vous n’avez pas sélectionné Keep Originals, vous devez recapturer
les plans originaux.
2 Si vous souhaitez garder la version inversée des plans tout en en créant une nouvelle
version, vous devez les déplacer du dossier Reversed dans un autre dossier ou renommer
le dossier Reversed (par exemple, en Reversed 1).
Vous pouvez laisser les fichiers courants là où ils se trouvent si vous souhaitez les écraser.
3 De même, vous devez déplacer ou renommer le fichier « reverse.log » si vous souhaitez
le garder.
4 Procédez comme décrit à la section « Utilisation du télécinéma inversé par lot sur
plusieurs plans » à la page 143.
Remarque : si vous reconnectez les plans inversés originaux aux enregistrements de base
de données, les nouveaux plans inversés devraient être connectés automatiquement à la
base de données.
Ajustements de la vitesse audio
Si vous devez procéder à des ajustements de la vitesse audio pour rétablir la
synchronisation avec la vidéo, il y a plusieurs façons de faire.
Remarque : les fonctions de télécinéma inversé et de conformation ajustent
automatiquement la vitesse audio d’un plan afin de l’adapter à la vitesse de
défilement vidéo de ce plan.
 Vous pouvez modifier la vitesse de défilement à l’aide de la commande Vitesse
de Final Cut Pro. Défaites d’abord le lien entre le plan audio et le plan vidéo.
Sélectionnez l’élément audio dans la timeline, choisissez Modifier > Vitesse et
saisissez un nouveau pourcentage de vitesse. Par exemple, pour ralentir un plan
audio de 0,1 pour cent, saisissez « 99,9 ». Reliez à nouveau le plan audio et le plan
vidéo lorsque vous avez fini de modifier la vitesse du plan audio.
 Certains équipements d’enregistrement et de lecture audio permettent d’ajuster la
vitesse de lecture pour la synchroniser avec la vidéo. Ce type d’appareil permet de
capturer l’audio à la vitesse de synchronisation appropriée.146 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
 Il existe des appareils spécialisés, tels que ceux de chez Aaton, qui sont conçus pour
contrôler et ajuster l’audio de manière à ce que la synchronisation soit possible avec
n’importe quelle vitesse vidéo. Ces appareils s’utilisent avant de capturer l’audio dans
votre ordinateur.
 Si vous n’avez pas besoin d’ajuster la vitesse de l’audio pour le montage, mais devez
l’ajuster pour le projet fini, vous pouvez faire finaliser l’audio par une société de
postproduction audio capable d’ajuster la vitesse.
Synchronisation séparée de l’audio et de la vidéo capturés
Si votre son et vos images n’ont pas été pas synchronisés sur la bande vidéo, mais ont
été capturés séparément, vous pouvez les synchroniser dans Final Cut Pro.
Dans Final Cut Pro, une fonctionnalité nommée les plans fusionnés vous permet de lier
un ou plusieurs fichiers de données source entre eux afin d’en faire un seul et unique
plan. Vous devez d’abord les synchroniser, puis les fusionner en un plan unique.
Les claps de vos prises de vue vous donnent les repères audibles et visibles permettant
de synchroniser vos éléments audio et vidéo. Vous pouvez utiliser plusieurs techniques
pour synchroniser des plans avant de les fusionner, en fonction de la façon dont vous
avez filmé votre métrage :
 Si vos clips vidéo et audio ne couvrent pas exactement les mêmes valeurs de timecode
et si vous avez mis un clap au début de tous vos plans à l’aide d’une claquette : vous
pouvez utiliser des points d’entrée pour aligner tous les plans à fusionner.
De cette manière, le début du plan fusionné obtenu correspond au point d’entrée utilisé
et tous les éléments sont alignés sur ce point. La fin du plan fusionné correspond à la fin
de l’élément possédant la dernière valeur de timecode.
 Si vos plans vidéo et audio ne couvrent pas exactement les mêmes valeurs de timecode
et si un ou plusieurs plans ont un clap de fin : vous pouvez utiliser des points de sortie
pour aligner tous les plans à fusionner.
Vidéo
Audio
Audio
Plan fusionnéChapitre 6 Préparation des plans sources pour le montage 147
I
De cette manière, la fin du plan fusionné obtenu correspond au point de sortie utilisé
et tous les éléments sont alignés sur ce point. Le début du plan fusionné correspond
au début de l’élément possédant la première valeur de timecode.
Pour des détails sur la façon de synchroniser et de fusionner des plans dans Final Cut Pro,
consultez la section, dans la documentation de Final Cut Pro qui décrit l’utilisation de
plans fusionnés.
Division ou suppression de sections de plans sources avant
le montage
Avant de monter votre contenu Final Cut Pro, vous avez la possibilité de diviser ou de
supprimer encore des parties de plans sources. Si vous avez capturé vos données à l’aide
d’une liste de capture par lot et du contrôle de périphérique, vos fichiers de plans
contiennent sans doute exactement les données souhaitées. Il se peut toutefois que vous
ayez besoin de diviser ces plans sources capturés en prises individuelles ou d’en éliminer
certaines données avant de passer au montage et ce, afin d’utiliser rationnellement l’espace
disque disponible.
Stratégies pour la division de plans sources avant le montage
Avant de commencer, si la relation entre le numéro de code de bordure et le timecode
n’est pas continue sur l’ensemble de la bobine de caméra dont provient un plan source,
sachez que vous devez faire deux ou trois choses importantes après avoir subdivisé des
plans sources :
 Créez un nouvel enregistrement de base de données pour le nouveau plan source
généré suite à la division d’un plan et assurez-vous qu’il est connecté à l’enregistrement.
 Mettez à jour l’enregistrement du plan de manière à ce que le numéro de code de
la nouvelle première image du plan soit correct. (Cela n’est nécessaire que si vous
supprimez du matériel au début d’un plan.)
Remarque : consultez la section « Le lien entre les numéros de code de bordure et le
timecode est-il continu ou discontinu ? » à la page 72 pour en savoir plus.
Vidéo
Audio
Audio
Plan fusionné148 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Il y a plusieurs façons de subdiviser des plans sources avant le montage :
 Final Cut Pro simplifie la division de plans sources en plans plus petits. La première
étape consiste à créer un ou plusieurs sous-plans du plan dans le navigateur. Utilisez
ensuite le gestionnaire de données pour supprimer les sections de plan qui n’ont pas
été sélectionnées comme sous-plan. Consultez la section sur la création et l’utilisation
de sous-plans dans la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour en savoir plus.
 Une autre méthode de sélection et d’enregistrement de sections d’un plan consiste
à utiliser QuickTime Pro. Si vous utilisez QuickTime Pro pour ce faire, n’oubliez pas de
choisir « Film autonome » dans la zone de dialogue « Enregistrer sous ». Consultez à
ce sujet la section « La différence entre les fichiers de données autonomes et les
fichiers de données de référence » à la page 149.
 Si les images que vous utilisez sont perforées ou marquées d’un repère (plutôt que
dotées d’une fenêtre d’affichage) pour identifier les numéros de bord des plans sources,
veillez à ne pas éliminer les images marquées d’un repère.
 Si la méthode pulldown 3:2 a été utilisée lors du transfert télécinéma, il est recommandé
de faire commencer chaque plan source à une image A. Après le pulldown 3:2, les images
A sont les seules images du film à ne pas être divisées en deux images vidéo. Pour cette
raison et parce que l’image A est le point de départ du modèle récurrent à cinq images
de la vidéo, il est préférable qu’une image A soit la première image dans tous les plans
vidéo. Consultez à ce sujet la section « À propos des images A » à la page 142.Chapitre 6 Préparation des plans sources pour le montage 149
I
Suppression d’un fichier de plan source
Pour éliminer un fichier de plan source indésirable avant de commencer le montage,
faites-le glisser dans la Corbeille. puis supprimez l’éventuel enregistrement de la base de
données Cinema Tools auquel ce plan était connecté. Consultez la section « Suppression
d’un enregistrement de la base de données » à la page 105 pour en savoir plus.
La différence entre les fichiers de données autonomes et les fichiers
de données de référence
Il y a deux types de fichiers vidéo et audio que vous devez connaître, en particulier si
vous subdivisez un fichier de données volumineux en fichiers de données plus petits
à l’aide de QuickTime Pro. Comme les fichiers vidéo ont tendance à être volumineux,
le type de fichier de données que vous créez peut avoir un impact énorme sur l’espace
disque.
 Fichiers de données autonomes : un fichier de données autonome est complet,
vous pouvez supprimer le fichier original, sa copie pourra toujours être lue
indépendamment. C’est pourquoi les fichiers de données autonomes sont
généralement très volumineux. Il est recommandé d’enregistrer vos données
sous la forme d’un fichier autonome si vous prévoyez de ne pas utiliser une grande
partie de l’original ; vous pourrez alors supprimer l’original une fois que vous aurez
enregistré les parties dont vous avez besoin.
 Fichiers de données de référence : un fichier de données de référence est un fichier
contenant des dépendances du fichier de données original. Les fichiers de
référence ne contiennent en réalité aucunes données, ils ne contiennent que des
pointeurs vers des parties bien précises du fichier de données original. Les fichiers
de ces plans ne sont pas volumineux. Si vous supprimez, déplacez ou renommez
le fichier de données original, tous les fichiers qui y font référence ne pourront plus
être lus comme ils ne pourront plus localiser l’original.
Une façon de savoir si un fichier de données est autonome ou de référence consiste à
l’ouvrir dans la fenêtre Cinema Tools Clip et à cliquez sur le bouton Analysis. La sousfenêtre Analysis affiche cette information. Une autre façon de le savoir consiste à regarder
la taille du fichier; les fichiers de données contenant des dépendances sont assez petits
(une vingtaine de 20 kilo-octets), alors que les fichiers de données autonomes, même
les plus courts, peuvent avoir une taille de plusieurs centaines de mégaoctets ou plus.7
151
7 Montage dans Final Cut Pro
Le montage de plans sources issus d’un support film avec
Final Cut Pro présente un certain nombre de points originaux.
Une fois vos plans sources capturés et préparés, vous pouvez les monter dans
Final Cut Pro. Avant de commencer le montage des images provenant d’une pellicule,
vous devez tenir compte des éléments suivants :
 les configurations simplifiées (Easy Setups) fournies aux utilisateurs de Cinema Tools
et la nécessité de régler la base temps ;
 les restrictions concernant l’utilisation de pistes audio et vidéo multiples ;
 le processus de création d’effets et de transitions pour le film ;
 la méthode utilisée pour détecter les usages multiples de vos données sources.
À propos des configurations simplifiées et du paramétrage
de la base temps
Cinema Tools installe des configurations simplifiées qui facilitent la configuration
de Final Cut Pro pour les utilisateurs de Cinema Tools. Lorsque vous sélectionnez
les configurations simplifiées Final Cut Pro, les réglages de séquence, les réglages de
capture, les réglages de contrôle de périphérique et les réglages vidéo externes sont
tous préconfigurés et vous n’avez pas besoin de les configurer individuellement. Il est
recommandé aux utilisateurs de Cinema Tools de profiter de ces configurations simplifiées :
 23.98fps from DV PAL : sélectionnez cette configuration simplifiée pour capturer de
la vidéo au format PAL et régler la base temps sur 23,98 ips. Cette option part du
principe que vous allez conformer la vidéo capturée à 23,98 ips.
 24fps from DV PAL : sélectionnez cette option pour capturer de la vidéo au format PAL
et régler la base temps sur 24 ips. Cette option part du principe que vous allez conformer
la vidéo capturée à 24 ips.
 23.98fps from DV NTSC : sélectionnez cette option pour capturer de la vidéo au
format NTSC (au format de timecode non-drop frame) et pour régler la base temps
sur 23,98 ips. Cette option part du principe que vous allez inverser la projection
télécinéma de la vidéo capturée à 23,98 ips.152 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
 24fps from DV NTSC : sélectionnez cette option pour capturer de la vidéo au format NTSC
(au format de timecode non-drop frame) et pour régler la base temps sur 24 ips. Cette
option part du principe que vous allez inverser la projection télécinéma de la vidéo
capturée à 24 ips.
 DV NTSC NDF : sélectionnez cette option pour capturer de la vidéo au format NTSC
(au format de timecode non-drop frame) et pour régler la base temps sur 29,97 ips.
Cette option part du principe que vous n’allez pas inverser la projection télécinéma
de la vidéo capturée.
 DV PAL 24 @ 25 : choisissez cette option pour capturer de la vidéo PAL et régler la base
temps sur 24 ips, tout en utilisant un timecode de 25 ips. Cette configuration assume
part du principe que vous allez conformer la vidéo capturée de 25 ips à 24 ips.
Consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour des détails sur l’accès et l’utilisation
des configurations simplifiées.
Important : si vous n’utilisez pas de configuration simplifiée, vous devez tout de même
régler la base temps sur la vitesse de défilement de vos plans sources avant de commencer
le montage. De cette façon, les nouvelles séquences que vous créerez dans Final Cut Pro
seront réglées pour la vitesse de défilement que vous visez pour le montage. Consultez la
documentation de Final Cut Pro pour des détails sur la configuration de la base temps dans
l’éditeur de préréglage de séquence.
Toutes les configurations simplifiées conçues spécialement pour les utilisateurs de
Cinema Tools, à l’exception de « DV PAL 24 @ 25 », ont Cinema Tools dans leur titre.
Par exemple, « Cinema Tools - 23.98fps from DV NTSC ».
Par défaut, les Easy Setups pour les utilisateurs de Cinema Tools ne s’affichent pas dans
le menu local de la zone de dialogue Choose Setup. Pour que tous les Easy Setups du
menu local (ceux de Cinema Tools compris) s’affichent, cochez la case Show All dans
la zone de dialogue.
Ou, pour ajouter des configurations simplifiées spécifiques au menu local, vous pouvez
ajouter un astérisque (*) à la fin du nom du fichier de la configuration simplifiée.
Par exemple, modifiez le nom de fichier « Cinema Tools - 23.98fps from DV NTSC »
comme ceci : « Cinema Tools - 23.98fps from DV NTSC* ».
Les fichiers de configuration simplifiée se trouvent à l’emplacement suivant :
/Library/Application Support/Final Cut Pro System Support/Custom Settings/.Chapitre 7 Montage dans Final Cut Pro 153
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Utilisation de vidéo à 25 ips conformée à 24 ips
La méthode la plus courante pour le transfert d’un film à 24 ips en vidéo PAL est la
méthode 24 @ 25 (décrite à la section « Méthode 24 @ 25 » à la page 26). Comme cette
méthode nécessite que le film tourne 4 pour cent plus vite, il se peut que vous
rencontriez des problèmes de synchronisation audio, au minimum, l’action à l’écran
sera accélérée.
Pour solutionner les problèmes de synchronisation audio, vous pouvez utiliser la
fonction Conform pour ralentir à nouveau la vidéo à sa vitesse originale de 24 ips.
Comme le processus de conformation ne modifie par le timecode de 25 ips créé lors
du transfert du film, vous pouvez conserver ce format de timecode pendant le montage
dans la base temps de 24 ips. Cela peut être utile dans les situations où le monteur
négatif préfère recevoir une EDL de 25 ips plutôt qu’une liste de conformation pour
la remise en correspondance du film .
Consultez la section « Utilisation de la fonction de conformation » à la page 131 pour
en savoir plus sur la conformation de vidéo.
À propos du timecode
Lorsque vous conformez de la vidéo à 25 ips en 24 ips, la fréquence de timecode
est réglée sur 24 @ 25.
Remarque : comme la base temps et la lecture sont basées sur 24 ips, le timecode de
25 ips ne représente plus exactement le véritable écoulement du temps. Par exemple,
la lecture de 38 secondes de vidéo durera en réalité 40 secondes.
Vous pouvez voir la fréquence de timecode d’un plan dans la fenêtre Item Properties.
Pour vérifier la fréquence de timecode d’un plan :
1 Dans le Navigateur, sélectionnez le plan à vérifier.
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes pour ouvrir la fenêtre Propriétés de l’élément :
 Choisissez Édition > Propriétés de l’élément > Infos de stockage.
 Cliquez tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée sur le plan, puis choisissez
Item Properties > Logging Info dans le menu contextuel.
Pour les plans qui ont été conformés de 25 ips à 24 ips, « 24 @ 25 » est affiché dans
la ligne TC Rate.154 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
À propos des préréglages de séquence
Il y a deux préréglages de séquence conçus pour la vidéo PAL à 24 ips :
 DV PAL 48 kHz - 24 @ 25 : ce préréglage utilise une base temps de 24 ips et un timecode
de 25 ips pour les points d’entrée et de sortie source comme d’enregistrement, tout
en conservant le timecode source original de 25 ips. La configuration simplifiée
DV PAL 24 @ 25 utilise ce préréglage de séquence. Lorsque vous exportez une EDL,
elle est basée sur des valeurs de timecode de 25 ips. Il est recommandé d’utiliser ce
préréglage de séquence lorsque vous prévoyez d’exporter une EDL de 25 ips plutôt
qu’une liste de conformation.
 DV PAL 48 kHz - 24 : ce préréglage utilise une base temps de 24 ips et un timecode
de 24 ips pour les points d’entrée et de sortie source comme d’enregistrement, tout
en remplaçant le timecode source original de 25 ips. Il est recommandé d’utiliser ce
préréglage de séquence lorsque vous prévoyez d’exporter une liste de conformation.
Affichage d’informations relatives au film dans Final Cut Pro
Vous pouvez afficher toute une série d’informations relatives au film lors du montage
des plans du film dans Final Cut Pro. Il y a quatre zones que vous pouvez contrôler :
 La fenêtre Propriétés de l’élément : l’onglet Film de la fenêtre Propriétés de l’élément
contient les informations relatives au film auquel appartient le plan. Consultez la
section « Affichage d’informations relatives au film dans la fenêtre Propriétés de
l’élément » à la page 157 pour en savoir plus.
 Le Navigateur : vous pouvez ajouter des colonnes contenant des informations relatives
au film telles que les numéros de bord et la vitesse télécinéma (champ Vitesse TK). Ces
informations apparaissent aussi dans la fenêtre Propriétés de l’élément. Consultez la
section « Affichage d’informations relatives au film dans le Navigateur » à la page 157
pour en savoir plus.
 Le Visualiseur et le Canevas : vous pouvez ajouter le keycode et la codification manuelle
aux valeurs de timecode de l’incrustation. Consultez la section « Affichage
d’incrustations relatives au film dans le Visualiseur et le Canevas » à la page 157 pour
en savoir plus.
 La Chronologie, le Visualiseur et le Canevas : vous pouvez afficher le numéro d’image
au format pieds et images. Consultez la section « Affichage de numéros d’image basés
sur le film » à la page 158 pour en savoir plus.
Pour afficher des informations relatives au film dans Final Cut Pro, vous devez d’abord
importer les informations en provenance de Cinema Tools. Il y a trois façon de le faire :
 Lorsque vous importez une liste de capture par lot XML exportée à partir de
Cinema Tools, les informations relatives au film sont elles aussi importées. Consultez
la section « Utilisation de listes de capture par lot XML » à la page 119 pour en savoir
plus.Chapitre 7 Montage dans Final Cut Pro 155
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 Utilisez Final Cut Pro pour importer une liste télécinéma. Cela ajoute les informations
relatives au film qui figurent dans le fichier de la liste télécinéma aux plans offline.
Consultez la section « Importation de listes télécinéma à l’aide de Final Cut Pro » à la
page 87 pour en savoir plus.
 Utilisez la commande Synchroniser avec Cinema Tools décrite ci-après.
Important : il n’est pas nécessaire d’importer ni d’afficher des informations relatives
au film dans Final Cut Pro pour exporter des listes de film.
Synchronisation de plans Final Cut Pro avec Cinema Tools
La modification d’informations relatives au film ou leur ajout à des plans ne peut pas se
faire manuellement dans Final Cut Pro. Les informations doivent être importées depuis
une base de données Cinema Tools. Final Cut Pro permet de synchroniser un ou plusieurs
plans sélectionnés avec une base de données Cinema Tools. C’est particulièrement utile
lorsque vous avez importé une liste télécinéma et capturé les plans car la synchronisation
des plans avec leur base de données connectera automatiquement les plans aux
enregistrements correspondants. Vous pouvez aussi créer une nouvelle base de données
qui ajoutera les informations de chaque plan à l’enregistrement correspondant.
? Astuce : créer une nouvelle base de données à partir d’un groupe de plan qui figurent
déjà dans une autre base de données permet de créer des bases de données spécialisées
à partir de Final Cut Pro. Toutes les informations relatives au film que les plans contiennent
déjà sont ajoutées automatiquement aux enregistrements correspondants dans la
nouvelle base de données.
Pour synchroniser des plans Final Cut Pro avec une base de données Cinema Tools :
1 Dans le Navigateur de Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez les plans à synchroniser avec une
base de données Cinema Tools.
Il peut s’agir de plans qui figurent déjà dans la base de données et dont les informations
doivent être mises à jour ou de plans qui ne figurent pas dans la base de données. Dans
ce cas, de nouveaux enregistrements sont ajoutés à la base de données pour chaque
plan et toutes les informations d’application sont ajoutées aux différents enregistrements.
2 Choisissez Outils > Synchroniser avec Cinema Tools.
Une zone de dialogue apparaît dans laquelle vous pouvez configurer le processus
de synchronisation.
Le champ Database indique la base de données sélectionnée. 156 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
3 Sélectionnez la case « Ajouter de nouveaux enregistrements » si vous souhaitez ajouter
automatiquement à la base de données de nouveaux enregistrements pour les plans
sélectionnés qui n’y figurent pas encore.
Cette option doit être sélectionnée en cas de synchronisation avec une nouvelle base
de données.
4 Sélectionnez la case Connecter automatiquement si vous voulez que la base de
données connecte automatiquement les plans à tout nouvel enregistrement qui est
créé dans la base de données.
5 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Si la base de données affichée dans le champ Database est la bonne, cliquez sur OK.
(Le champ Base de donées est mis à jour si vous utilisez le bouton Nouvelle base de
donées ou Choisir un base de donées.)
 Cliquez sur Nouvelle base de données pour créer une nouvelle base de données
Cinema Tools. Cela a pour effet d’ouvrir une zone de dialogue dans laquelle vous
pouvez saisir le nom et l’emplacement de la base de données ainsi que définir des
réglages par défaut. Consultez la section « Réglages de la zone de dialogue Nouvelle
base de donées » à la page 77 pour des informations sur ces réglages. Cliquez sur
Enregistrer lorsque vous avez fini.
 Cliquez sur Choisir una base de donées pour sélectionner une base de données
existante. Cela a pour effet d’ouvrir une zone de dialogue dans laquelle vous pouvez
sélectionner la base de données existante avec laquelle les plans doivent être
synchronisés. Cliquez sur Ouvrir lorsque vous avez fini.
6 Si vous avez utilisé le bouton Nouvelle base de données ou Choisir un base de donées,
cliquez sur OK.
Les plans sélectionnés sont synchronisés avec la base de données sélectionnée. Chapitre 7 Montage dans Final Cut Pro 157
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Affichage d’informations relatives au film dans la fenêtre Propriétés de
l’élément
L’onglet Film de la fenêtre Propriétés de l’élément contient les informations relatives au
film de chaque plan.
Pour afficher des informations relatives au film dans la fenêtre Propriétés de
l’élément :
1 Sélectionnez un plan dans le Navigateur.
2 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Choisissez Édition > Propriétés de l’élément > Film.
 Cliquez tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée sur le plan, puis choisissez
Propriétés de l’élément > Film dans le menu contextuel.
 Appuyez sur Commande + ç pour ouvrir la fenêtre Propriétés de l’élément, puis
cliquez sur l’onglet Film.
Remarque : les commentaires ajoutés à un enregistrement dans Cinema Tools ou à un
enregistrement dans un fichier de liste télécinéma apparaissent dans la ligne Take Note.
Affichage d’informations relatives au film dans le Navigateur
Vous pouvez ajouter des colonnes au Navigateur pour afficher les informations
relatives au film dont vous avez besoin.
Pour ajouter des colonnes au Navigateur :
m Cliquez tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée sur l’en-tête la colonne devant
laquelle vous souhaitez insérer la nouvelle colonne, puis choisissez la colonne à ajouter
dans le menu contextuel.
Consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour en savoir plus sur l’organisation des
colonnes dans le Navigateur.
Remarque : les commentaires ajoutés à un enregistrement dans Cinema Tools ou à un
enregistrement dans un fichier de liste télécinéma apparaissent dans la colonne Take Note.
Affichage d’incrustations relatives au film dans le Visualiseur et le Canevas
Vous pouvez configurer les incrustations du Visualiseur et du Canevas pour afficher
le keycode et la codification manuelle d’un plan en plus du timecode.
Pour afficher des incrustations relatives au film dans le Visualiseur et le Canevas :
1 Cliquez dans le Visualiseur ou le Canevas pour l’activer.
2 Choisissez Présentation > Afficher les incrustations (ou appuyez sur Option + Contrôle + W).
3 Pour configurer l’incrustation, choisissez Présentation > Incrustations de timecode pour
afficher la liste des éléments que vous pouvez afficher. Cliquez sur l’élément souhaité
pour l’afficher ou le masquer. (Des coches apparaissent en regard des éléments qui
sont affichés.)158 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Affichage de numéros d’image basés sur le film
Vous pouvez configurer le format d’affichage du timecode d’un projet en mode
pieds+image, ce qui donne aux monteurs une façon plus familière de juger la longueur
d’un projet. Ce réglage affecte l’affichage du temps dans le haut de la Chronologie ainsi
que dans les champs pour le timecode, dans le haut du Visualiseur et du Canevas.
Pour configurer un projet de façon à afficher le timecode en mode pieds+image :
1 Sélectionnez l’onglet Project dans le Navigateur.
2 Choisissez Édition > Propriétés du projet.
La fenêtre Propriétés du projet apparaît.
3 Choisissez Pieds+images dans le menu local Affichage du temps.
4 Choisissez le format de film dans le menu local Standard de film par défaut. Le format
de film détermine le nombre d’images par pied.
Important : pour vous assurer que les bonnes listes de film seront exportées, vérifiez que
ce réglage correspond bien au format de film défini dans la base de données Cinema Tools.
Consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour en savoir plus sur la fenêtre
Propriétés du projet.
Vous pouvez aussi contrôler l’affichage du timecode dans la Chronologie, le Visualiseur
et le Canevas séparément.
Pour modifier l’affichage du timecode dans la Chronologie, le Visualiseur ou le Canevas :
m Cliquez tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée dans un champ de timecode,
dans la fenêtre dont vous souhaitez modifier l’affichage du timecode, puis choisissez
le mode souhaité dans le menu contextuel.
Cela affecte les champs de timecode qui se trouvent dans le haut du Visualiseur et du
Canevas ainsi que les champs de timecode des onglets du Visualiseur. Pour la Chronologie,
cela affecte le timecode affiché dans le haut de la fenêtre ainsi que le champ Timecode
actuel. Le timecode est affiché dans l’éditeur de transition et cela affecte aussi les
fenêtres Ajustage.Chapitre 7 Montage dans Final Cut Pro 159
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Important : les valeurs de pieds et d’image qui sont affichées diffèrent du keycode
et de la codification manuelle. Les valeurs de pieds et d’image commencent toujours
à 0000+00 au début de la séquence ou du plan.
Lorsque vous utilisez le mode d’affichage du timecode Feet+Frame, vous pouvez saisir
des valeurs aux endroits où vous pouvez saisir des valeurs de timecode. Par exemple,
vous pouvez saisir une valeur dans le champ Current Timecode du Visualiseur pour
positionner la tête de lecture dans la Chronologie. Pour être sûr que le nombre que
vous avez saisi est correctement interprété par Final Cut Pro, utilisez l’un des caractères
suivants pour séparer les valeurs de pieds et d’images : signe plus (+), esperluette (&),
point (.) ou virgule (,).
Ouverture de plans Final Cut Pro dans Cinema Tools
Vous ne pouvez pas modifier des éléments directement dans une base de données
Cinema Tools pendant que vous êtes dans Final Cut Pro. Vous pouvez toutefois ouvrir
un plan dans Cinema Tools à partir de Final Cut Pro pour apporter des modifications
à l’enregistrement de base de données de ce plan. Une fois que c’est fait, vous devez
synchroniser ce plan afin que les modifications apparaissent dans Final Cut Pro.
Pour ouvrir un plan dans Cinema Tools à partir de Final Cut Pro :
1 Sélectionnez un plan ou un groupe de plans dans le Navigateur .
2 Choisissez Présentation > Ouvrir dans Cinema Tools.
Le plan s’ouvre dans une fenêtre Cinema Tools Clip. Si vous avez sélectionné plusieurs
plans, chacun s’ouvre dans sa propre fenêtre Clip. Toute modification que vous apportez,
comme, par exemple, à un numéro de bobine de caméra, est ajoutée à l’enregistrement
de base de données du plan.
Une fois que vous avez fini d’apporter des modifications, vous pouvez synchroniser
les plans dans Final Cut Pro avec la base de données Cinema Tools modifiée. Consultez
la section « Synchronisation de plans Final Cut Pro avec Cinema Tools » à la page 155
pour en savoir plus.
Restrictions concernant l’utilisation de pistes multiples
Final Cut Pro vous permet de réaliser des montages sur des pistes audio et vidéo
multiples. Bien qu’il y ait des avantages à utiliser de nombreuses pistes, il faut garder
certaines restrictions à l’esprit lorsque vous utilisez Final Cut Pro avec Cinema Tools :
 Lorsque vous exportez vos listes de film, vous spécifiez la piste vidéo sur laquelle la liste
doit être basée. Si vous avez mis des titres et des images superposées sur une seconde
piste vidéo, vous devez exporter une seconde liste de film contenant ces informations.
 Si vous devez exporter une liste EDL audio, vous devez restreindre l’audio aux huit
premières pistes de la timeline de Final Cut Pro. Consultez la section « Exportation
d’une liste EDL audio » à la page 193 pour en savoir plus.160 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Utilisation d’effets, de filtres et de transitions
Final Cut Pro provides extensive effects capabilities for video, including common film
effects such as dissolves, wipes, motion effects, and titles. Lorsque vous comptez terminer
votre projet sur pellicule souvenez-vous que ces effets doivent être recréés sur pellicule,
mais vous pouvez néanmoins utiliser Final Cut Pro lors du processus de création pour
choisir et essayer les effets souhaités.
Les effets et les transitions des films montés numériquement sont en général effectués
des différentes façons suivantes (en raison de la nature très évolutive de l’industrie du
cinéma, votre expérience de la chose est peut-être différente) :
 Transitions, titres et animations de base : ces effets sont habituellement recréés dans des
studios, spécialisés dans le tirage optique ou par contact, qui utilisent les instructions
contenues dans une liste de film générée par Cinema Tools. Certains types de transitions
peuvent être créés à l’aide de la méthode du tirage par contact (parfois appelé tirage A/B
roll ), où le support d’émulsion du négatif original et la pellicule sont en contact pendant
que le film original est projeté sur le nouveau tirage. Les transitions, titres et animations
peuvent aussi être réalisés par tirage optique, où les effets sont générés par un procédé
de manipulation et de projection du négatif original sur une autre pellicule à travers la
lentille d’une tireuse optique. Ce processus est souvent appelé création d’effets d’optique..
Certains facteurs de décision pour le choix entre le tirage optique et le tirage par contact
sont détaillés dans la section « Tirage par contact et tirage optique » à la page 163.
 Effets complexes nécessitant du compositing : les effets tels que le fond bleu et les
animations peuvent être recréés numériquement en haute définition sur une station
de travail numérique de pointe, puis appliqués sur le film grâce à un enregistreur sur
film numérique. Cette méthode est parfois appelée méthode film-numérique-film. Le
négatif de caméra original est d’abord numérisé, puis la copie numérique résultant
de la numérisation est importée dans un poste de travail de film numérique et les
effets spéciaux y sont créés avant d’être réenregistrés sur film. Certains laboratoires
d’effets numériques offrent ce service en utilisant votre liste de film comme référence
pour déterminer l’emplacement et la durée des effets d’animation et de compositing
en surimpression tels que les fonds bleus. La méthode film-numérique-film peut
donner de très bons résultats, mais il est important de savoir qu’elle peut s’avérer
beaucoup plus chère que la méthode de tirage optique.
 Effets impliquant des filtres et une correction de couleur : la restauration de films numériques
et la suppression des artefacts sont d’autres types de manipulations numériques pour
lesquelles la méthode film-numérique-film est utilisée. Les manipulations numériques
de ce genre sont documentées dans la liste des effets de filtre, qui fait partie de la liste
optique. Toutes les corrections de couleur et effets de type filtre effectués dans le film
fini sont créés par un spécialiste dans un atelier de tirage de films ou à l’aide de la
méthode film-numérique-film. Vous pouvez travailler directement avec un spécialiste
de la couleur (souvent désigné par le terme anglais de color timer) pour effectuer
l’étalonnage de votre film.Chapitre 7 Montage dans Final Cut Pro 161
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Ajout de titres, de surimpressions et de transitions
Le flux de production suivant illustre la façon dont des effets, de surimpressions
(d’images superposées) et des transitions peuvent être ajoutées à un film monté
dans Final Cut Pro. Cette description est très succincte et comprend des étapes
d’intégration d’effets optiques et d’effets de tirage par contact, mais vous ne pouvez
utiliser que l’une ou l’autre des deux méthodes.
Important : l’évolution très rapide de ce secteur et la variété des possibilités offertes
font que la méthode de travail la mieux adaptée pour vous n’est pas forcément celle
qui suit. Renseignez-vous auprès de votre laboratoire pour obtenir des informations
les plus précises et les conseils les mieux adaptés à votre cas personnel.
Étape 1: assurez-vous que votre laboratoire répond à vos besoins et qu’il peut
vous assister
Si votre budget le permet, il est conseillé de consulter le laboratoire (l’atelier d’effets
spéciaux ou tout autre atelier qui tirera vos effets) avant le montage pour voir ce qu’il
peut offrir. Souvent, les laboratoires disposent d’effets standard parmi lesquels vous
pouvez faire votre choix, les effets personnalisés pouvant coûter nettement plus cher
ou ne pas être disponibles. Le laboratoire peut aussi vous expliquer ce que vous devrez
fournir exactement.
Étape 2: créations d’effets et de transitions dans Final Cut Pro
Vous avez intérêt à faire différentes expérimentations en termes de styles et de durées
dans Final Cut Pro. Cela vous permettra de communiquer avec précision vos besoins
à votre laboratoire.
Comme vous pouvez exporter une liste de conformation distincte pour chaque piste vidéo,
vous pouvez ajouter des titres et des images superposées à plusieurs pistes vidéo, comme
versions alternatives par exemple, et choisir laquelle inclure dans la liste de film à exporter.
Étape 3: exportation d’une liste de film
Une fois que vous avez terminé votre montage, exportez une liste de film en suivant la
procédure décrite dans le chapitre 8, « Création de listes de film et de listes de
modification », à la page 167. La liste de film peut contenir plusieurs types de listes
différents. La liste optique contient la description des effets de transition, de filtre et de
mouvement. Vous devrez aussi exporter une liste de film pour chaque piste vidéo
contenant des titres ou des images superposées. Si vous avez l’intention de créer toutes
vos transitions par contact au lieu de créer des effets d’optique, sélectionnez « Toutes des
cuts » dans le menu local Transitions. Consultez également la section « Répartition des
transitions entre le tirage par contact et le tirage optique » à la page 164.162 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Étape 4: (tirage optique) confiez la liste de film et les images appropriées
au laboratoire
Si vos effets et vos transitions sont créés via la méthode optique, le laboratoire utilise les
spécifications et les descriptions de votre liste de film pour créer les effets d’optique. Le
laboratoire a besoin des bonnes séquences de film pour créer les effets d’optique. Il se peut
que le laboratoire de trucage optique vous demande de fournir des intermédiaires positifs
ou que le laboratoire les imprime. Il se peut que le laboratoire vous demande aussi une
bande vidéo de votre film comme référence. Si vous avez réalisé une copie de travail, vous
pouvez la fournir comme référence au laboratoire ou lui donner une copie couleur (un
« internégatif ») des parties de la copie de travail qui contiennent les effets d’optique. Toutes
ces options peuvent faire l’objet d’une discussion préalable entre le laboratoire et vous.
Étape 5: (tirage optique) effectuez le transfert des effets d’optique par télécinéma,
ajoutez-les à la base de données, capturez-les dans votre séquence, puis exportez
une cut list
Si vous décidez de créer des effets d’optiques pour votre film, cette étape est idéale car
elle fournit une cut list qui détaille très précisément les effets d’optique et elle vous
permet de visualiser les effets dans votre séquence afin de voir s’ils vous conviennent.
Par contre, si vous disposez d’une copie de travail, le monteur négatif pourra l’utiliser
comme guide pour découper les effets d’optique de votre film afin que vous n’ayez
pas à les transférer sur bande vidéo ni à créer une nouvelle cut list. N’oubliez pas de
demander à votre monteur négatif ce dont il a besoin.
À propos des interpositifs
Le métrage d’origine étant négatif, toute la pellicule doit être développée à partir
d’images négatives afin d’obtenir une image positive normale. Cela signifie que vos
effets d’optique doivent être négatifs lorsqu’ils sont collés sur votre négatif original.
Le laboratoire optique utilise habituellement un tirage à faible contraste des parties
correspondantes du négatif original, appelé interpositif, comme source à partir de
laquelle sont assemblés les effets d’optique. Une fois que les effets d’optique ont été
assemblés à partir de l’interpositif, ils sont développés comme des effets d’optiques
négatifs qui peuvent être collés sur le négatif original.
D’habitude, avant la création de l’interpositif final, un ou plusieurs tirages de test sont
réalisés avec l’aide d’un spécialiste de la couleur pour trouver la combinaison d’exposition
et de balance de couleurs idéale.
Remarque : dans certains cas, lorsque les effets d’optique nécessitent une image très
stable (comme dans le cas d’images sous du texte), un interpositif de calage est nécessaire.
L’utilisation d’un interpositif de calage diminue le flottement latéral indésirable de la
pellicule dans le cadre de la lentille de la tireuse optique. Le laboratoire d’effets optiques
vous indiquera si un interpositif de calage est nécessaire. Chapitre 7 Montage dans Final Cut Pro 163
I
Étape 6: (tirage optique) confiez le négatif optique au monteur négatif
À partir du moment où vous avez visionné les effets d’optique et que vous en êtes
satisfait, confiez le négatif optique, le négatif original et la liste de film complète au
monteur négatif. Grâce à la liste de film (et à la copie de travail éventuelle), le monteur
négatif pourra couper et coller les effets dans votre film.
Étape 7: (tirage par contact) confiez la liste de film à la personne chargée du tirage
par contact
Lorsque le négatif conformé est prêt à être imprimé sur tireuse par contact, assurezvous que le technicien a reçu une liste de film contenant des informations sur les titres,
les images superposées et les transitions à inclure dans le film.
Remarque : le monteur négatif établit une liste des repères de tirage, incluant les
transitions, cette liste est ensuite confiée au tireur avec le négatif original découpé.
Tirage par contact et tirage optique
Le choix entre le tirage par contact et le tirage optique dépend de plusieurs facteurs. Il est
possible d’utiliser une méthode pour créer certains effets et l’autre méthode pour en créer
d’autres. Voici les éléments à prendre en compte :
 Conservation du métrage original : le tirage par contact implique la découpe et le collage
du négatif original. Le tirage optique aboutit de fait à la création d’un nouveau négatif,
ce qui permet de réutiliser le métrage original.
 Prévisualisation : si vos transitions sont imprimées par un imprimeur par contact, vous
ne pouvez pas voir les transitions finies avant le montage du négatif, mais si elles sont
imprimées sur une tireuse optique, vous pouvez. Une fois sur pellicule, il se peut que
les transitions et les effets n’apparaissent pas exactement tels qu’ils étaient sur votre
système de montage numérique. Pour avoir une idée exacte de l’aspect que prendra
une transition une fois le film terminé, faites-la réaliser par la méthode optique avant
de finaliser le montage. Transférez ensuite l’effet d’optique sur bande vidéo. Il est
possible d’effectuer le montage de l’effet transféré dans votre programme numérique
afin de le prévisualiser.
 Coût : si vous avez des transitions de longueur standard et si ces dernières sont
nombreuses, cela vous coûtera sans doute moins cher de les tirer sur une tireuse
par contact.
Alors que le tirage optique offre l’avantage de donner un nouveau négatif que vous
pouvez monter dans votre programme numérique pour voir à quoi il ressemble et
inclure dans votre liste de conformation, le négatif du tirage optique doit d’abord
être transféré sur vidéo pour un coût supplémentaire.
Il est judicieux de comparer les coûts des différentes méthodes de réalisation de vos
transitions. 164 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
 Longueur : à l’inverse du tirage optique, le tirage par contact impose une longueur de
transition standard. Cinema Tools identifie les longueurs standard pour les données
à 24 ips ou 23,98 ips comme des durées de 16, 24, 32, 48, 64 et 96 images. Cinema Tools
identifie les longueurs standard pour les données à 29,97 ips sous la forme d’une
« durée » de 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 ou 120 images. (Vérifiez les longueurs standard requises
pour les différentes fréquences d’image avec votre imprimeur par contact.)
Comparaison des devis
Pour obtenir des devis afin de comparer les coûts du tirage par contact et du tirage
optique, vous devez exporter deux versions de la liste de film.
Pour exporter différentes listes de film à donner aux tireurs pour l’obtention de devis :
1 Dans la zone de dialogue Exporter les listes de film, choisissez « Toutes des cuts » dans le
menu local Transitions pour exporter une liste de film pour un devis de tirage par contact.
2 Après l’exportation, sélectionnez « Toutes des trucages optiques » dans le menu
local Transitions pour exporter une liste film destinée à à obtenir un devis pour le
tirage optique.
Répartition des transitions entre le tirage par contact et le tirage optique
Vous pouvez faire créer les transitions de longueur standard par un imprimeur
par contact et le reste des transitions sous la forme d’effets d’optique.
Pour ce faire, vous devez exporter une liste de film dans laquelle les transitions de longueur
standard sont répertoriées comme coupes pour le tirage par contact et les transitions de
longueur non standard sont répertoriées comme effets d’optique.Chapitre 7 Montage dans Final Cut Pro 165
I
Pour exporter une liste de film prenant en charge à la fois le tirage par contact
et le tirage optique :
m Dans la zone de dialogue Exporter les listes de films, choisissez « Les standards sont des
cuts » dans le menu local Transitions.
Pour plus de renseignements sur la création d’une liste de film, consultez la section
« Exportation de listes de film à l’aide de Final Cut Pro » à la page 174.
Détection des usages multiples des plans sources
Cinema Tools permet de détecter les utilisations multiples du même élément source
dans votre séquence montée. Ce suivi est nécessaire pour deux raisons :
 Si vous voulez utiliser le même contenu source plus d’une fois dans votre projet : vous
pouvez exporter une liste des contretypes et la fournir au laboratoire dans le cadre
d’une commande de contretype négatif.
 Si vous ne voulez pas dépenser d’argent pour la création d’un contretype négatif : vous
devez faire attention à ne pas utiliser le même contenu plus d’une fois lors du montage
car vous ne disposez que d’un seul négatif de caméra original. Lors d’un montage
numérique, il est tellement facile d’utiliser plusieurs fois un même élément source
que vous risquez de ne pas vous en rendre compte, Cinema Tools vous offre toutefois
la possibilité de vérifier régulièrement de telles utilisations multiples.
Lorsqu’il détermine si certaines images ont été utilisées plus d’une fois, Cinema Tools part
du principe qu’au moins la moitié d’une image sera perdu au point d’entrée et au point
de sortie de chaque coupe du film à cause du collage de bobine A et B typique.
Cinema Tools, désigne ces images sous le nom cut handles (images de transition). Some
negative cutters may want to use more than a half-frame on each side of a cut. Dans la
zone de dialogue Export Film Lists, vous pouvez spécifier jusqu’à cinq images et demi
d’images de transition. Si vous incorporez par accident dans une séquence des images
requises comme images de transition, Cinema Tools les signale comme doublons dans
la liste des doublons et dans les avertissements en cas de doublons.166 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Il est important de rechercher les utilisations multiples avant de finaliser l’image et de
préparer le montage du négatif original. Pour apprendre comment exporter une liste
des doublons et inclure des informations sur l’utilisation de doublons dans une liste
de film, consultez le chapitre 8, « Création de listes de film et de listes de modification »,
à la page 167.
Si vous montez votre projet en plusieurs séquences (par exemple, une séquence par
bobine), il est recommandé de rassembler toutes les séquences avant d’exporter une
liste des doublons. De cette manière, Cinema Tools sera en mesure de rechercher les
utilisations multiples dans la totalité du projet. Le plus facile, c’est de placer toutes les
séquences dans une séquence imbriquée avant de produire une liste des doublons.
Cependant, si vous avez l’intention d’exporter une liste de film, n’imbriquez pas une partie
de séquence dans une autre séquence. Seule l’imbrication de séquence entière est prise
en charge lorsque vous exportez une liste Cinema Tools. Consultez la documentation de
Final Cut Pro pour des informations sur la création de séquences imbriquées.
Exactitude des listes de conformation lors du montage
de vidéo pulldown 3:2 ou 24 & 1
Avec la vidéo NTSC pulldown 3:2 ou la vidéo PAL 24 & 1 (également appelée vidéo
pulldown 24 @ 25 dans Final Cut Pro), toute image de film remise en correspondance
à partir de vos coupes peut en fait être située juste avant ou juste après le point de
montage original. (Vous trouverez des explications plus complètes à la section « Infos
générales sur la vitesse de défilement des images » à la page 23.)
Avec la vidéo NTSC pulldown 3:2, vous pouvez éviter de telles imprécisions de remise
en correspondance en utilisant la fonction Cinema Tools Reverse Telecine ou du
matériel de télécinéma inverse de tierce partie pour inverser le pulldown télécinéma
3:2 avant de commencer le montage.
Si vous n’avez pas inversé le pulldown 3:2 en vidéo NTSC (ou si vous travaillez en vidéo
PAL 24 & 1), vous pouvez toujours éviter les imprécisions de liste de conformation en
soignant le montage. L’objectif étant que pour chaque plan, l’image montrant le clap,
ou la dernière image du plan précédent, n’apparaisse pas dans le film terminé :
 Lorsque vous déterminez des points de coupe dans un plan, veillez à ne pas placer
le point d’entrée sur la première image valable du plan (ou le point de sortie sur la
dernière image). En d’autres termes, fixez le point d’entrée à au moins une image
après le début de votre plan et le point de sortie à au moins une image avant la
dernière image du plan.
 Si vous devez faire un raccord sur la première ou la dernière image d’un plan, notez
le numéro de bord de la fenêtre d’affichage, puis vérifiez la cut list plus tard pour
confirmer que le numéro de bord est identique dans la cut list.
 Évitez de placer des points de sortie ou d’entrée à des images possédant deux
champs provenant de deux images différentes du film. Ne placez pas un raccord sur
une image BC ou CD par exemple. 8
167
8 Création de listes de film et
de listes de modification
Cinema Tools vous permet de créer différentes listes relatives
à votre projet de montage.
Une fois que vous avez fini le montage et que vous êtes prêt pour le montage des négatifs de caméra originaux ou pour la conformation d’une copie de travail, le temps est
venu d’exporter une liste de films. En utilisant les informations de la base de données,
Cinema Tools convertit les modifications effectuées dans Final Cut Pro en informations
pourvant servir de guide à un monteur de film. Ces informations sont fournies sous la
forme d’une cut list. De nombreuses autres listes utiles pour le film peuvent être exportées avec la cut list. Toutes ces listes, y compris la cut list, sont appelées listes de film.
Un fichier de liste de film peut contenir plusieurs listes associées, comme par exemple
les listes suivantes :
 liste de coupe : liste des informations de montage et de titrage (on parle aussi de liste
d’assemblage) ;
 liste des éléments manquants : liste contenant les informations nécessaires introuvables
dans la base de données ;
 liste des doublons : liste des utilisations multiples d’une même source ;
 liste optique : liste destinée aux effets spéciaux, décrivant les transitions, les filtres
et les effets de mouvement ;
 liste Pull : liste destinée à aider le laboratoire à tirer les négatifs dont il a besoin ;
 liste des scènes : liste de toutes les scènes utilisées dans votre projet et des plans utilisés
pour les effets d’optique.
Vous pouvez créer une autre sorte de liste appelée liste des modifications, après la création d’une première cut list. La liste des modifications part du principe qu’une copie de
travail a été montée selon les spécifications de la liste de conformation (ou de la liste
de modifications antérieure) et elle indique d’autres modifications à apporter à la copie
de travail en fonction des modifications que vous avez apportées à la séquence dans
Final Cut Pro. Pour plus de renseignements sur la création de listes de modification,
consultez la section « Création de listes de modification » à la page 182.168 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Sélection du format de liste
Cinema Tools propose deux formats pour l’exportation des listes :
 Fichier PDF : format permettant une visualisation aisée contenant uniquement les informations que vous spécifiez
 Fichier XML : format pour l’utilisation avec un autre logiciel contenant toutes les informations sur le film provenant de la séquence
Consultez la section « Exportation de listes de film à l’aide de Final Cut Pro » à la
page 174 pour des informations sur la création de listes de film PDF et XML à l’aide de
Final Cut Pro et la section « Création de listes de film basées sur une liste EDL ou un fichier XML » à la page 199 pour des informations sur la création de listes de film à l’aide de
Cinema Tools.
Remarque : Cinema Tools ne prend plus en charge l’exportation de listes de film au
format Texte.
À propos des listes de film au format PDF
L’exportation d’une liste de film au format PDF crée un fichier pouvant être ouvert dans
Aperçu ou dans tout autre visualiseur PDF. Vous pouvez choisir les éléments qui doivent
figurer dans la liste et même en déterminer l’ordre.
? Astuce : bien qu’il ne soit pas possible de modifier directement le texte d’un fichier PDF
lorsqu’il est visualisé à l’aide de l’application Aperçu, vous pouvez utiliser l’outil d’annotation d’Aperçu pour ajouter vos commentaires. Pour plus d’informations, reportez-vous à
l’Aide Aperçu.
À propos des listes de film au format XML
L’exportation d’une liste de film au format XML crée un fichier contenant toutes
les informations relatives au film provenant de la séquence Final Cut Pro.
Important : les listes de film au format XML ne sont pas liées aux autres fichiers XML
que l’on peut exporter à partir de Final Cut Pro.
Contrairement aux listes de film au format PDF, les listes de film au format XML ne sont
pas conçues pour une impression aisée ni pour la lecture par des humains. Le format XML
est destiné à l’échange d’informations entre applications logicielles. La raison d’être des
listes de film au format XML est de fournir toutes les informations sur une séquence
Final Cut Pro dans un format que l’utilisateur peut importer dans un autre logiciel personnalisé utilisé dans la flux de production du film.
Remarque : vous pouvez ouvrir une liste de film au format XML dans un éditeur de Texte,
comme, par exemple, TextEdit, pour voir la structure et les informations qu’elle contient. Chapitre 8 Création de listes de film et de listes de modification 169
I
Listes que vous pouvez exporter
Vous pouvez exporter une grande variété de listes très utiles à l’aide des zones de dialogue Export Film Lists et Export XML Film Lists. Lorsque vous exportez une liste de
film, un seul fichier de liste de film contenant toutes les listes sélectionnées dans la
zone de dialogue est généré. Toute liste non sélectionnée ne sera pas incluse dans
le fichier de liste de film exporté.
Remarque : toutes les listes que vous exportez dans la liste de film sont basées sur
la piste vidéo que vous avez sélectionnée dans le menu local Track. Vous pouvez sélectionner une autre piste et exporter une seconde liste si nécessaire. Par exemple, si votre
séquence contient des titres (y compris d’éventuelles images superposées) sur la piste
vidéo 2, vous pouvez exporter une seconde liste de film contenant les informations de
montage de ces derniers. Cela permet de configurer des pistes de titrage alternatives
et d’exporter des listes de film pour chacune des versions.
Cut list
La première liste que vous pouvez sélectionner pour l’exporter est la cut list (liste de conformation). La liste de conformation que vous exportez depuis Final Cut Pro est la liste contenant les instructions de montage du négatif d’origine ou de la copie de travail, afin qu’il
ou elle corresponde au montage numérique. On appelle également ces listes des listes
d’assemblage.
Liste des éléments manquants :
La liste des éléments manquants répertorie tous les plans d’une séquence pour lesquels
soit aucun enregistrement correspondant n’a été trouvé dans la base de données, soit
les informations sont incomplètes. Il est important d’exporter et d’examiner la liste des
éléments manquants afin de s’assurer qu’aucun élément ne manque avant que le monteur négatif ne commence la conformation du négatif.
L’élément manquant est spécifié pour chaque plan apparaissant dans la liste des éléments
manquants. Le numéro de plan pour lequel ce plan apparaît dans la cut list est indiqué sur
une ligne distincte.
Si un des éléments suivants vient à manquer, il apparaîtra dans la liste des éléments
manquants :
 Laboratoire, caméra ou bobine journalière.
 Numéro de clé ou codification manuelle.
De plus, chaque plan source doit être connecté à un enregistrement, sauf si vous utilisez
la méthode de création de cut list basée sur le timecode (consultez la section « Gain de
temps potentiel lors du transfert camera-roll » à la page 73). Pour utiliser la méthode de
création de cut list basée sur le timecode, chaque enregistrement doit également inclure
les éléments suivants :
 video reel
 timecode et durée170 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Traitement des éléments manquants
Le traitement d’un élément manquant consiste soit à trouver, s’il existe, l’enregistrement
de base de données correspondant et à compléter les informations manquantes, soit à
créer un nouvel enregistrement dans la base de données s’il n’y en a pas. Pour localiser
l’enregistrement, deux méthodes sont possibles.
Si le nom du plan figure dans la liste des éléments manquants :
Vous pouvez utilisez ce nom pour rechercher le plan dans la fenêtre List View. Dans la
fenêtre List View, cliquez sur Clip pour trier les enregistrements par nom de plan. Ou,
si le nom du plan contient son identifiant de scène, vous pouvez utiliser la commande
Find pour rechercher le plan par l’identifiant de scène. Si aucun enregistrement correspondant au plan n’est trouvé, créez-en un, puis connectez-y le plan. Utilisez la fonction
Identify de la fenêtre Clip pour saisir les informations requises.
Si la bande vidéo et le timecode figurent dans la liste des éléments manquants :
Vous pouvez utiliser la bande vidéo et le timecode pour rechercher l’enregistrement
de base de données existant du plan. Dans la fenêtre List View, choisissez Video dans
le menu local du haut de la fenêtre. Cliquez sur Reel ou sur Timecode pour trier les
enregistrements par bande vidéo ou par timecode. Recherchez la bande vidéo ou la
valeur de timecode manquante (ou une valeur de timecode similaire). N’oubliez pas
que la valeur de timecode qui figure dans la liste des éléments manquants ne correspond généralement pas exactement à l’enregistrement de base de données parce
que la valeur de timecode de la base de données correspond à la première image du
plan. Vous aurez trouvé l’enregistrement de base de données recherché si la valeur de
timecode de la liste des éléments manquants apparaît avant la fin de la durée de
timecode spécifiée dans l enregistrement de base de données.
Remarque : n’oubliez pas que le nom de bande vidéo doit apparaître exactement tel
qu’il est dans la liste des éléments manquants. Par exemple, la bande « 001 » ne correspond pas à la bande « 0001. »
 Si vous trouvez la valeur de timecode, mais si le nom de la bande vidéo ne correspond pas
à celle qui figure dans la liste des éléments manquants : mettez à jour le nom de la
bande dans l’enregistrement de base de données ou modifiez-le dans Final Cut Pro.
 Si le nom de la bande correspond à un ou plusieurs enregistrements de la base de données, mais si la liste des éléments manquants indique que l’enregistrement de base de
données manque : le timecode est incorrect. La meilleure façon de résoudre ce problème est de créer un enregistrement dans la base de données et d’y connecter le
plan source. Vous pouvez ensuite utiliser la fonction Identify pour déterminer et saisir le code de bordure et le timecode du plan. Si vous créez un enregistrement,
supprimez l’enregistrement incorrect. Vous pouvez aussi mettre à jour les champs
Video Timecode ou Video Duration de l’enregistrement, mais il vous faudra alors
également mettre à jour les champs Key et Ink. Chapitre 8 Création de listes de film et de listes de modification 171
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Liste des doublons et avertissements en cas de doublons
Lorsque l’on effectue un montage numérique, il est très facile d’inclure un plan ou une
partie de plan plusieurs fois dans le montage. Lorsque cela se produit, vous devez soit
créer un double du négatif soit remodifier le programme pour supprimer les doublons,
parce que la séquence n’existe qu’une seule fois sur le négatif de caméra original. Mais
vous devez d’abord savoir où les doublons se trouvent. C’est précisément à cela que
servent la liste des doublons et les avertissements en cas de doublons.
Liste des doublons
La liste des doublons est le document que vous fournissez au laboratoire si vous souhaitez que ce dernier tire des plans spécifiques de vos bandes de négatif et et en fasse
des doubles négatifs. Elle répertorie tous les plans utilisés plus d’une fois.
Remarque : les éléments faisant partie d’effets d’optique ne sont pas considérés
comme des utilisations multiples. Toutefois, placer une transition de fondu entre deux
plans lorsqu’il n’y a pas d’autre séquence source entre les deux (comme, par exemple,
deux plans qui constituaient un seul et même plan à l’origine) donne des doublons.
Avertissements en cas de doublons
Si vous choisissez le menu local « Warn from the Duplicates » dans la zone de dialogue
Export Film Lists, un message d’avertissement apparaît à l’endroit des doublons dans la
liste de conformation. Le message indique quelles images sont utilisées plus d’une fois
et l’endroit exact où elles sont utilisées dans votre projet de montage. Tous ces messages
figurent aussi dans la liste des avertissements de doublons.
Liste optique
La liste optique sert de liste principale pour les effets de transition, de filtre et de mouvement. Dans le cas d’une série de transitions et d’effets de mouvement connectés, la
liste optique les combine et les décrit comme un seul effet d’optique. La liste optique
est confiée aux services de réalisation d’effets afin de préciser la manière dont les plans
à effets doivent être assemblés.
Remarque : les titres, une sorte d’effet d’optique parmi d’autres, utilisent une seconde
piste vidéo et ne figurent pas dans la liste optique. Vous pouvez exporter une liste de
conformation distincte pour la piste qui contient les titres.
Consultez la section « Utilisation d’effets, de filtres et de transitions » à la page 160
pour en savoir plus.172 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Une liste optique comporte en réalité jusqu’à quatre listes distinctes :
 La liste optique : cette liste contient une entrée pour chaque événement de liste de
conformation qui utilise un effet d’optique. En fonction du type d’effet d’optique, chaque entrée est liée à l’une des trois listes d’effets (voir description ci-après) qui composent la liste optique. Ces listes d’effets contiennent les détails des effets d’optique.
 La liste des effets de transition : cette liste contient une entrée pour chaque entrée de liste
optique qui contient un effet de transition tel qu’un fondu enchaîné ou un balayage.
Consultez la section « Liste des effets de transition » à la page 172 pour en savoir plus.
 La liste des effets de filtre : cette liste contient une entrée pour chaque entrée de liste
optique qui contient un effet de filtre tel qu’un flou ou un étalonnage. Consultez
la section « Liste des effets de filtre » à la page 173 pour en savoir plus.
 La liste des effets de mouvement : cette liste contient une entrée pour chaque entrée de
liste optique qui contient un effet de mouvement tel qu’une modification de vitesse par
Time Remapping. Consultez la section « Liste des effets de mouvement » à la page 173
pour en savoir plus.
Comment les entrées des listes sont liées
Si une entrée de liste optique contient plusieurs types d’effets, comme un effet de transition, un effet de filtre et un effet de mouvement, l’entrée de liste optique n’est liée qu’à
une seule des listes d’effets.
 Si l’entrée de liste optique comprend un effet de transition : l’entrée est liée à une entrée
de la liste des effets de transition. Si l’entrée de liste optique contient également un
effet de filtre, l’entrée de la liste des effets de transition est liée à une entrée de la liste
des effets de filtre qui, à son tour, est liée à une entrée de la liste d’effets de mouvement si un tel effet de mouvement est également utilisé.
 Si l’entrée de liste optique contient uniquement un filtre et un effet de mouvement : l’entrée
est liée à une entrée de la liste des effets de filtre, qui est liée à une entrée de la liste
d’effets de mouvement.
 Si l’entrée de liste optique contient uniquement un effet de mouvement : l’entrée est liée
directement à une entrée de la liste des effets de mouvement.
Chaque entrée de la liste d’effets contient le numéro d’entrée de liste optique original,
ainsi que le numéro de l’événement de liste de conformation original auquel l’entrée
s’applique, ce qui permet de relier facilement les différentes listes entre elles.
Liste des effets de transition
La liste des effets de transition contient des informations sur les fondus, les fondus
enchaînés et les autres transitions provenant de votre programme monté. Les transitions
peuvent être traitées comme des coupes ou comme des effets d’optique, selon ce que
vous choisissez dans le menu local Transitions dans la zone de dialogue Export Film Lists.
Si vous décidez de traiter toutes les transitions comme des coupes, la liste des effets de
transition sera vide et les transitions seront détaillées comme des coupes dans la cut list.Chapitre 8 Création de listes de film et de listes de modification 173
I
Liste des effets de filtre
La liste des effets de filtre contient des informations, comprenant le nom du filtre
et sa catégorie, sur tous les effets de filtre appliqués à la séquence.
Liste des effets de mouvement
Si un plan a une vitesse différente de la vitesse avant normale de 24 ips, une entrée est
créée dans la liste des effets de mouvement, tandis que la liste optique fait référence à
la liste des effets de mouvement pour ce plan.
Un système de montage numérique peut faire défiler un plan à n’importe quelle vitesse
pour créer un effet de mouvement de façon numérique, mais ni la bande vidéo ni la pellicule ne peuvent reproduire toutes les vitesses de défilement d’un système de montage
numérique. Par conséquent, sachez que les effets qui sont recréés sur le négatif ne ressembleront pas forcément aux effets de mouvement tels qu’ils apparaissaient dans le système
de montage.
Important : en raison des changements de vitesse de défilement qu’impliquent les effets
de mouvement, les numéros de bord indiqués dans la liste des effets de mouvement ne
seront pas forcément exacts. Si vous disposez d’une fenêtre d’affichage des numéros de
bord, vous devriez vous assurer que les numéros de bord de la liste des effets de mouvement sont corrects et les corriger si nécessaire.
Liste Pull
La liste Pull est identique à la cut list mais les plans y sont répertoriés dans leur ordre
d’apparition sur les bobines de négatif. Le laboratoire peut se baser sur la liste Pull en
parcourant les bobines de négatif pour trouver les plans qui seront montés sur la pellicule. Chaque élément de la liste Pull affiche le numéro de plan de la cut list.
Scene List
La liste des scènes répertorie tous les plans utilisés dans la cut list, chaque plan n’y
apparaissant qu’une fois. Il est possible d’utiliser la liste des scènes pour commander
des retirages de plans de votre programme afin de pouvoir conformer une copie de
travail avant le découpage du négatif.
Liste des scènes optiques
Si vous sélectionnez « Optical list » et « Scene list » dans la zone de dialogue Export Film
Lists, une liste des scènes optiques est générée en même temps que la liste des scènes.
La liste des scènes optiques est une liste de tous les plans utilisés dans l’ensemble des
effets d’optique et de mouvement, chaque plan n’y apparaît qu’une fois. Le laboratoire
peut utiliser cette liste pour tirer les images nécessaires à la réalisation des effets.174 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Exportation de listes de film à l’aide de Final Cut Pro
Dans la plupart des situations, vous utiliserez Final Cut Pro pour exporter les listes décrites ci-avant. Si vous disposez d’un fichier EDL, vous pouvez aussi exporter des listes de
film directement à partir de Cinema Tools. Consultez la section « Création de listes de
film basées sur une liste EDL ou un fichier XML » à la page 199 pour en savoir plus.
Dans les deux cas, un fichier de liste de film XML ou PDF contenant toutes les listes
que vous avez sélectionnées dans la zone de dialogue d’exportation est généré.
Exportation de listes de film
L’exportation de fichiers de liste de film fonctionne de la même manière pour les listes
de film en format PDF et XML.
Pour exporter un fichier de liste de film :
1 Dans le Navigateur ou la chronologie de Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez la séquence pour
laquelle vous voulez créer une liste.
2 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Pour exporter un fichier de liste de film au format PDF :
choisissez Fichier > Exporter > Listes de films Cinema Tools.
La zone de dialogue Exporter les listes de films apparaît.Chapitre 8 Création de listes de film et de listes de modification 175
I
 Pour exporter un fichier de liste de film au format XML :
choisissez Fichier > Exporter > Listes de films XML Cinema Tools.
La zone de dialogue Exporter les listes de film XML apparaît.
3 Définissez les réglages souhaités dans la zone de dialogue d’exportation, puis cliquez
sur OK.
Pour en savoir plus sur les réglages, consultez la section « Réglages communs aux deux
zones de dialogue d’exportation » à la page 176.
Si vous prévoyez d’apporter des modifications à la séquence Final Cut Pro et d’exporter
une liste des modifications ultérieurement, sélectionnez « Enregistrer un fichier de programme Cinema Tools ». Vous aurez besoin de ce fichier de programme pour exporter
une liste des modifications comparant cette version de la séquence à une autre version.
4 Si vous avez sélectionné « Enregistrer un fichier de programme Cinema Tools », tapez un
nom de fichier et un emplacement pour ce fichier de programme dans la zone de dialogue qui s’affiche.
5 Dans la zone de dialogue suivante, tapez un nom de fichier pour la liste de film, sélectionnez un emplacement, puis cliquez sur Enregistrer.
Important : donnez au fichier de programme un nom qui identifie clairement la séquence
et la version, afin de pouvoir le localiser facilement plus tard lorsque vous devrez exporter
une liste des modifications comparant cette séquence à la nouvelle version.
6 Dans la zone dialogue qui s’affiche, sélectionnez le fichier de base de données que
Cinema Tools doit utiliser pour produire les listes que vous avez sélectionnées. (Sélectionnez la base de données que vous avez créée pour les plans sources utilisés dans
la séquence.)
Une liste de film est générée sous la forme d’un fichier contenant toutes les listes sélectionnées. Si vous avez exporté une liste au format PDF, elle s’ouvre automatiquement
dans Aperçu (ou l’application que vous avez défini comme application par défaut pour
l’ouverture des fichiers PDF). 176 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Après avoir exporté une liste de film, il est conseillé de comparer le code bordure (numé-
ros de bord ou codification manuelle) de la liste de film au code de bordure de la fenêtre
d’affichage à l’emplacement de l’image de point d’entrée de chaque point de montage.
Bien que parcourir toutes les modifications et comparer les numéros de code de bordure
prennent beaucoup de temps, cela permet d’éviter les pertes de temps et, partant,
d’argent provoquées par des coupures incorrectes. Il est particulièrement important
de vérifier les codes de bordure si vous ne procédez pas à la conformation d’une copie
de travail avant de monter votre négatif.
Réglages communs aux deux zones de dialogue d’exportation
Les zones de dialogue Exporter les listes de films et Exporter les listes de film XML contiennent toutes les deux les réglages suivants pour la sélection et la configuration des listes.
Consultez la section « Réglages de configuration PDF dans la zone de dialogue Exporter
les listes de films » à la page 179 pour en savoir plus sur la configuration de listes de film
PDF.
 Titre de liste : tapez un nom pour le fichier de liste de film que vous allez exporter.
 Format standard de film : sélectionnez le format de film correspondant à celui que
vous utilisez. Ce format doit être identique au format de film spécifié lors de la création de la base de données du projet. Cinema Tools utilise le format de film sélectionné ici pour calculer le piétage de la cut list.
 Vitesse de télécinéma : sélectionnez la vitesse à laquelle le film a été transféré :
 Si vous travaillez avec la vidéo NTSC, vous optez généralement pour une vitesse
télécinéma de 24 ips, alors que la vitesse télécinéma réelle était d’approximativement 23,98 ips.
 Si vous avez monté de la vidéo NTSC transférée à 29,97 ips, sélectionnez 30 ips.
 Si votre film a été transféré à 24 ips, sélectionnez 24 ips. Chapitre 8 Création de listes de film et de listes de modification 177
I
 Si votre film a été transféré à 25 ips, sélectionnez 25 ips.
 Doublons : il est possible d’être averti chaque fois qu’une utilisation multiple d’élé-
ments sources est détectée. Si vous sélectionnez Warn, un message d’avertissement
s’affiche dans la cut list à chaque utilisation multiple. Le message indique quelles images sont utilisées plus d’une fois et l’endroit exact où elles sont utilisées dans votre projet de montage. Tous ces messages figurent également dans une liste d’avertissements
de doublons. Si vous sélectionnez Ignore, ces avertissements ne sont pas affichés.
 Transitions : permet de choisir la manière dont les transitions sont répertoriées dans la
liste de film. Consultez la section « Tirage par contact et tirage optique » à la page 163
pour en savoir plus. Vous avez trois possibilités :
 Toutes des cuts : toutes les transitions sont représentées par une coupe au milieu
de la transition, que les transitions soient ou non de longueur standard. Sélectionnez cette option si vous exportez une liste destinée à la conformation d’une copie
de travail. Cinema Tools insère également des notes indiquant le début et la fin de
la transition pour les plans d’ouverture et de fermeture. Ces notes peuvent servir
de guide pour marquer les transitions sur la copie de travail conformée.
 Les standards sont des cuts : les transitions de longueur standard sont répertoriées
comme des coupes et les autres sont répertoriées comme des effets d’optique.
Sélectionnez cette option si vos transitions sont destinées à être tirées par contact.
Si vous choisissez cette option, les transitions de longueur standard apparaissent
dans la liste de conformation, mais pas dans la liste optique, et sont affichées
comme une coupure au milieu de la transition. Les points de début et de fin de la
transition apparaissent également dans la cut list sous la forme de trois lignes pour
un fondu enchaîné et de deux lignes pour un fondu. La cut list contient toutes les
informations dont le monteur négatif a besoin pour préparer les bobines A et B
pour ces transitions.
 Toutes des trucages optiques : tous les plans faisant partie d’un fondu ou d’un fondu
enchaîné sont répertoriés dans la liste optique. Sélectionnez cette option si vous
souhaitez que tous vos fondus et vos fondus enchaînés soient réalisés par procédé
optique, indépendamment de leur longueur.
Définition des transitions de longueur standard par Cinema Tools
Cinema Tools identifie les longueurs standard pour les données à 24 ips ou 23,98 ips
comme des durées de 16, 24, 32, 48, 64 et 96 images. Cinema Tools identifie les longueurs standard pour les données à 29,97 ips sous la forme de « durées » de 20, 30,
40, 60, 80 et 120 images. (Vérifiez les longueurs standard requises pour les différentes
fréquences d’image pour votre tireuse par contact.)178 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
 Poignées : il est possible que le monteur négatif ou le studio de tirage optique souhaite disposer d’images de réserve de part et d’autre d’une transition. Dans Cinema
Tools, ces images sont appelées transition handles (images de transition). Tapez un
nombre compris entre 0 et 32. Lorsqu’il vérifie si des images sont utilisées plusieurs fois,
Cinema Tools ajoute ce nombre d’images plus une moitié devant le plan entrant et
derrière le plan sortant pour chaque transition. (Le paramètre choisi pour les images
de coupes ne s’applique pas aux transitions.)
 Poignées des cuts : lorsqu’il détermine si des images ont été utilisées plus d’une fois,
Cinema Tools part du principe qu’au moins la moitié de l’image est détruite tant au
point d’entrée qu’au point de sortie de chaque coupe. Certains monteurs peuvent vouloir utiliser plus qu’une demi-image de chaque côté d’une coupe. Vous pouvez spécifier jusqu’à cinq images et demie de transition. Si vous incorporez par accident dans
une séquence des images requises comme poignée de cut, Cinema Tools les signale
comme doublons dans la liste des doublons et les avertissements en cas de doublons.
 Piste : vous pouvez choisir la piste vidéo sur laquelle vous souhaitez baser la liste
exportée.
 Métrage de début : saisissez le numéro de début à utiliser pour la valeur « Feet & frames »
de la liste de film. La valeur par défaut est 0000+00.
 Heure de début : saisissez le numéro de timecode de début pour la valeur Time de la
liste de film. La valeur par défaut est la valeur de timecode de début de la séquence.
 Compte de début : saisissez le numéro de comptage d’image de début pour la valeur
Count de la liste de film. La valeur par défaut est 0000.
 Enregistrer un fichier de programme Cinema Tools : un fichier de programme est essentiel si vous souhaitez créer ultérieurement pour cette séquence une liste des modifications qui reflétera les opérations de montage réalisées après ce stade.
Astuces pour la saisie du point de départ
Voici quelques astuces sur la façon d’utiliser les entrées « Début » :
 Si vous générez une liste de conformation pour la conformation du négatif : vous voudrez
sans doute commencer à zéro.
 Si vous montez votre film scène par scène ou bande par bande : vous voudrez probablement saisir un point de départ identique au point de fin de la scène ou bande
précédente dans les champs « Début ». Ce champ est complété automatiquement
avec le point de départ de la séquence que vous avez définie dans la chronologie
de Final Cut Pro.
 Si vous voulez générer une liste de conformation avec timecode afin de pouvoir comparer des événements de la liste avec des modifications qui dans Final Cut Pro ou
dans la EDL : commencez la liste de conformation à la même valeur de timecode
que la séquence de la chronologie ou la date de début de la EDL. Chapitre 8 Création de listes de film et de listes de modification 179
I
Un fichier de programme est également nécessaire si vous souhaitez exporter une
liste EDL audio à partir de Cinema Tools. L’exportation d’une liste EDL audio depuis
Final Cut Pro est plus automatisée et ne nécessite pas de fichier de programme
Cinema Tools. Consultez la section « Exportation d’une liste EDL audio » à la page 193
pour en savoir plus.
 Commencer avec 8 secondes d’amorce : indiquez si vous souhaitez commencer la liste
de conformation avec 8 secondes d’amorce. Huit secondes constitue la durée standard
de l’amorce Academy ou SMPTE. Si vous sélectionnez cette option, 8 secondes
d’amorce sont insérées au début de la liste de conformation. Si un plan d’amorce est
déjà inclu au début de la séquence, ne cochez pas cette case. (Il est préférable d’utiliser
un plan d’amorce dans votre séquence plutôt que de sélectionner cette option dans la
cut list car le timecode de la séquence numérique ne correspondra pas au timecode de
la cut list, à moins qu’un plan d’amorce n’existe réellement dans la séquence.)
 Cases à cocher Film list : sélectionnez les types de liste à inclure dans la liste de film
à exporter.
 Listes de cuts : sélectionnez cette option pour inclure une cut list. Les cut lists sont
décrites à la section « Cut list » à la page 169.
 Listes des doublons : sélectionnez cette option pour inclure une liste des doublons.
Les listes des doublons sont décrites à la section « Liste des doublons et avertissements en cas de doublons » à la page 171.
 Listes des trucages optiques : sélectionnez cette option pour inclure une liste optique. Les listes optiques sont décrites à la section « Liste optique » à la page 171.
 Liste des épreuves : sélectionnez cette option pour inclure une liste Pull. Les listes
Pull sont décrites à la section « Liste Pull » à la page 173.
 Liste des scènes : sélectionnez cette option pour inclure une liste de scènes. Les listes
de scènes sont décrites à la section « Scene List » à la page 173.
 Liste des éléments manquants : sélectionnez cette option pour inclure une liste
d’éléments manquants. Les listes d’éléments manquants sont décrites à la section
« Liste des éléments manquants : » à la page 169.
Réglages de configuration PDF dans la zone de dialogue Exporter
les listes de films
Lors de l’exportation d’une liste de film au format PDF, vous pouvez contrôler les éléments
qui apparaissent dans la liste et leur ordre. Cela vous permet de créer une liste de film qui
contient exactement les informations souhaitées.
Pour configurer une liste de film PDF, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Faites glisser des éléments de la colonne de gauche vers la colonne de droite pour
les ajouter à la liste.
m Sélectionnez des éléments dans la colonne de droite et appuyez sur Supprimer pour
les supprimer de la liste.180 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
m Faites glisser des éléments vers le haut ou le bas dans la colonne de droite pour définir
l’ordre d’apparition des éléments dans la liste de film PDF.
La largeur de la liste de film PDF est limitée et il est possible d’ajouter des éléments qui
n’apparaîtront pas dans la liste. En utilisant les réglages de la section Layout Options de
la zone de dialogue Export Film Lists, vous pouvez personnaliser la mise en page des
pages PDF et la taille de police pour pouvoir exporter plus de colonnes.
Pour personnaliser la mise en page des pages PDF :
1 Choisissez Portrait ou Landscape dans le menu local Orientation.
2 Choisissez une taille de police dans le menu local Taille de la police.
Il est possible d’enregistrer et de charger des fichiers de réglages comprenant la configuration des colonnes et les réglages d’orientation et de taille de police. De plus, la plupart
des autres réglages de la zone de dialogue sont également enregistrés dans le fichier de
réglages. Les seules exceptions sont les réglages Piste, Métrage de début, Heure de début
et Compte de début.
La possibilité d’enregistrer et de charger les fichiers de réglages de cette zone de dialogue simplifie la configuration de plusieurs systèmes Cinema Tools afin qu’ils utilisent la
même configuration de listes pour l’exportation.
Remarque : chaque zone de dialogue que vous utilisez pour exporter des listes de films
et de modifications mémorise automatiquement les derniers réglages utilisés et se sert
de ces réglages lors de son ouverture suivante.
La colonne de droite
énumère les éléments
qui doivent apparaître
dans la liste de film PDF,
dans l’ordre.
La colonne de gauche énumère tous les
éléments pouvant
apparaître dans la
liste de film PDF.Chapitre 8 Création de listes de film et de listes de modification 181
I
Pour enregistrer les réglages actuels :
1 Cliquez sur le bouton Save Settings.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’ouvre, saisissez un nom de fichier et un emplacement
pour le fichier de réglages.
3 Cliquez sur Enregistrer.
Pour charger un fichier de réglages :
1 Cliquez sur le bouton Load Settings.
2 Sélectionnez le fichier de réglages, puis cliquez sur Ouvrir.
Voici la liste des éléments que vous pouvez faire figurer dans une liste de film PDF que
vous exportez.
Nom de l’élément Nom PDF Contenu
Pieds et images Footage Piétage courant en commen-
çant à la valeur Starting Footage
Temps Time Timecode courant en commen-
çant à la valeur Starting Time
Comptage Count Numéro d’image courant en
commençant à la valeur Starting Count
Longueur métrage Longueur Longueur de chaque événement
en pieds et images
Longueur temps Longueur Longueur de chaque événement
en timecode
Longueur comptage Longueur Longueur de chaque événement
en images
Numéros de clés Prefix and Key Numéro de bord source de
début de chaque événement
Codification manuelle Prefix and Ink Codification manuelle de début
de chaque événement
Bande source Bande Numéro de la bande source
Temps source Src Time Numéro de timecode de début
de chaque événement
Bobine de caméra Cam Roll Numéro de bobine de caméra
Bobine de laboratoire Lab roll Numéro de bobine de laboratoire
Bobine journalière Dly Roll Numéro de bobine journalière
Nom du clip Clip name Nom du plan source
Scène et prise Scene and Take Réglages de scène et prise182 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Création de listes de modification
Une liste des modifications énumère les différences entre deux versions d’une même
séquence montée dans Final Cut Pro. Sa raison d’être est la description des modifications apportées à la copie de travail ou au négatif depuis qu’elle ou il fut conformé(e)
à une version antérieure de la séquence.
Lorsque vous exportez un fichier de liste des modifications, vous pouvez aussi exporter
une nouvelle liste de conformation (et d’autres listes de film) pour la séquence. Vous
avez aussi la possibilité de générer une liste Pull de modification qui répertorie les bobines de film dans l’ordre où elles doivent être tirées afin d’ajouter de nouveaux extraits
de film à la copie de travail. De plus, vous pouvez inclure une liste des éliminés reprenant
les sections à supprimer.
Remarque : seules les listes des modifications au format PDF sont prises en charge.
Quand utilise-t-on des listes de modification ?
Les listes de modification sont habituellement utilisées dans des processus de travail
cycliques mettant en œuvre à la fois un montage numérique et des copies de travail.
Plus de
modifications
nécessaires
Final Cut Pro avec base
de données Cinema Tools
Montage de la séquence
Conformation de
la copie de
travail à la liste
de modifications
Conformation
de la copie
de travail à
la cut list
Projection
de la copie
de travail
Création
de la copie
de travail
Conformation du négatif
original à la cut list et
à la copie de travail
les plus récentes
Transfert
sur bande
vidéo
Exportation
de la cut list
Oui Non
Exportation
de la liste de
modifications
et de la cut list
1 2Chapitre 8 Création de listes de film et de listes de modification 183
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Voici un flux de production de liste des modifications typique :
Étape 1 : faites une copie de travail du négatif de la caméra originale dans laquelle
la codification manuelle est appliquée à la bordure et faites une vidéo de transfert
télécinéma de la copie de travail
Étape 2 : montez la vidéo de la copie de travail dans un système de montage numé-
rique et exportez la liste de conformation (généralement basée sur la codification
manuelle) à utiliser comme guide pour la conformation de la copie de travail
Étape 3 : visionnez la copie de travail montée et décidez ce que vous allez ajouter
ou couper au film
Étape 4 : apportez toutes les modifications souhaitées au film dans le système de
montage numérique
Étape 5 : exportez une liste des modifications contenant des instructions sur la
modification de la copie de travail pour la conformer à la nouvelle version du film
Étape 6 : en utilisant la liste des modifications comme guide, conformez la copie
de travail afin qu’elle corresponde à la nouvelle version du film
Répétez les étapes 3 à 6 jusqu’à ce que le film soit verrouillé. Finalement, le négatif original
est monté pour correspondre à la copie de travail et à la cut list finales.
Exportation de listes des modifications à l’aide de Final Cut Pro
L’exportation d’une liste des modifications est similaire à l’exportation d’une cut list.
Notez ce qui suit avant de commencer :
 Seules les premières pistes vidéo sont comparées : une liste des modifications décrit les
différences entre la piste vidéo 1 d’une séquence et la piste vidéo 1 d’une autre
séquence. Elle ne décrit pas d’autres pistes vidéo ou audio.
 Évitez de modifier la base de données Cinema Tools entre deux exportations de listes de
modification : lorsqu’une base de données est modifiée après l’exportation de la liste
précédente, la nouvelle liste des modifications risque de ne pas être fiable. Toutefois,
si vous avez modifié la base de données après l’exportation de la liste précédente,
vous pouvez éliminer ce risque en exportant une nouvelle liste de conformation de
la séquence précédente et en enregistrant un nouveau fichier de programme. Utilisez ensuite ce fichier de programme lorsque vous exportez la liste des modifications.
 Si vous avez mis chaque bande dans une séquence distincte dans Final Cut Pro et souhaitez
équilibrer des bandes : procédez à l’équilibrage des bandes après toutes les autres modifications. Consultez la section « Si vous devez équilibrer les bobines » à la page 186
pour en savoir plus.
 Les listes des modifications utilisent le format contrairement aux listes de film, qui peuvent être soit au format PDF soit au format XML, les listes des modifications ne sont
qu’au format PDF.184 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Remarque : consultez la section « Utilisation de la fonctionnalité d’exportation de liste
de modifications depuis Cinema Tools » à la page 189 pour des informations sur
l’exportation de listes des modifications à l’aide de Cinema Tools.
Pour exporter une liste des modifications à l’aide de Final Cut Pro :
1 Dans Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez la nouvelle version de la séquence, puis choisissez
Fichier > Exporter > Liste de modifications Cinema Tools.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’affiche, sélectionnez le fichier de programme (.pgm) que
vous avez sauvegardé lorsque vous avez exporté une liste pour la version antérieure de
la séquence. (Il contient des informations nécessaires sur la séquence précédente.)
3 Dans la zone de dialogue Exporter la Liste de modification qui apparaît, configurez les
réglages, puis cliquez sur OK.
À propos des listes de modification, des effets, des vides et
des bandes-son
Si vous ajoutez des effets de mouvement à un programme, un trucage optique devra
être réalisé et la longueur de la portion de film concernée sera modifiée, la synchronisation s’en trouvera donc affectée. L’assistant réalisateur qui conforme la copie de travail doit savoir où placer des éléments de remplissage afin de conserver la
synchronisation pendant la réalisation du trucage. C’est pourquoi Cinema Tools énumère les effets de mouvement dans la liste des modifications de la même façon que
les information d’amorce. Pour les effets de mouvement, « Insert Leader » apparaît
dans la colonne Do This, tandis que « Effect » est affiché dans la colonne First/Last
Key. Les vides d’une séquence sont également décrits comme des amorces dans les
listes de modification.
Une liste des modifications ne fournit pas d’informations sur les transitions,les titres
superposés, les filtres ni les bandes son. Cependant, pour vérifier si des transitions ou
des surimpressions ont été modifiées ou ajoutées, il est possible d’exporter une cut
list ou une liste optique pour chaque séquence et de comparer les listes. Ou bien, si
vous marquez les transitions sur la copie de travail, il est possible d’exporter une cut
list avec la liste des modifications, puis de faire passer la copie de travail conformée
dans le synchronisateur, en notant le début ou la fin des transitions à différents
endroits de la cut list. Chapitre 8 Création de listes de film et de listes de modification 185
I
Consultez la section « Réglages dans la zone de dialogue Exporter la Liste de
modifications » à la page 187 pour en savoir plus.
Lorsque vous sélectionnez les listes de film dans la section Réglages de la zone de dialogue Exporter la Liste de modifications, le fichier de liste de modifications contient (outre
les options de liste de modifications sélectionnées) le même contenu que si vous exportiez ces listes à l’aide de la zone de dialogue Exporter les listes de films.
Remarque : gardez à l’esprit que les réglages suivants doivent être les mêmes pour les
deux séquences que vous comparez : le format de film, la vitesse télécinéma, le fait que
les numéros de bord ou la codification manuelle figurent dans la zone Colonnes incluses ou non et le fait que vous ayez sélectionné la case « Commencer avec 8 secondes
d’amorce » ou non. Les deux séquences doivent aussi avoir la même base temps (définie dans Final Cut Pro).
4 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, saisissez un nom de fichier et choisissez un
emplacement.
5 Cliquez sur Choisir une base de données pour sélectionner la base de données associée au plans dans les séquences que vous comparez. (Veillez à sélectionner la même
base de données que celle utilisée lors de l’exportation de la liste précédente.)
6 Cliquez sur Enregistrer.
Ces listes fournissent
des informations
sur la séquence
entière.
Ces listes fournissent des
informations sur les
modifications.186 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
7 Si vous avez sélectionné « Enregistrer un fichier de programme Cinema Tools », saisissez le nom de fichier et l’emplacement dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît.
Donnez au fichier de programme un nom qui identifie clairement la séquence et la version afin de pouvoir le localiser facilement ultérieurement le jour où vous devez exporter une autre liste des modifications.
Un fichier de liste des modifications contenant toutes les listes que vous avez sélectionnées dans la zone de dialogue Exporter la Liste de modifications est généré.
Si vous devez équilibrer les bobines
Lors de l’équilibrage de bobines, les points d’entrée et de sortie des bobines sont répartis
à nouveau afin de s’assurer que la longueur de chaque bobine se trouve dans la plage
correcte.
Si vous souhaitez effectuer un équilibrage de bobines dans Final Cut Pro, réalisez les
opérations d’équilibrage séparément de tout autre changement. Pour déplacer une
scène du début d’une bobine à la fin d’une autre, par exemple, conformez d’abord les
deux bobines en fonction des listes de modifications exportées de leurs séquences
correspondantes. Ensuite, dans Final Cut Pro, coupez la scène à partir du début de la
séquence pour la bobine 1, puis collez-la à la fin de la séquence pour la bobine 2.
Enfin, exportez les nouvelles listes de modifications et de conformation pour les deux
séquences, puis utilisez ces listes comme guides pour équilibrer les deux bobines. Les
plans supprimés d’une bobine doivent avoir exactement la même longueur que les
plans ajoutés à l’autre.Chapitre 8 Création de listes de film et de listes de modification 187
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Réglages dans la zone de dialogue Exporter la Liste de modifications
La zone de dialogue Exporter la Liste de modifications accessible à partir de
Final Cut Pro contient les mêmes réglages que la zone de dialogue Exporter les listes de
films (décrite à la section « Réglages communs aux deux zones de dialogue
d’exportation » à la page 176) et les mêmes options de colonne PDF (décrites à la section « Réglages de configuration PDF dans la zone de dialogue Exporter les listes de
films » à la page 179, sauf pour les exceptions et les ajouts décrits ci-après.
 Transitions : le meilleur choix pour le traitement des transitions lors de l’exportation
d’une liste des modifications est « Toutes des cuts », dans laquelle les transitions sont
représentées par une ligne de coupe au milieu de chacune d’elles, qu’elles soient de
longueur standard ou non. Cinema Tools ajoute des notes à la cut list (exportée avec
la liste des modifications) pour indiquer les emplacements de début et de fin de la
transition pour les plans d’ouverture et les plans de fermeture. Ces notes peuvent
servir de guide pour marquer les transitions sur la copie de travail conformée. Consultez la section « Réglages communs aux deux zones de dialogue d’exportation » à
la page 176 pour des informations sur les autres réglages.
 Options de la liste des modifications : les options suivantes contrôlent ce qui est inclus
dans les liste de modifications :
 Liste des épreuves : sélectionnez cette option pour ajouter une liste Pull de modification où apparaît toute portion de film devant être ajoutée à la copie de travail.
 Liste Éliminés : sélectionnez cette option pour ajouter une liste de chutes qui ne
répertorie que les plans à supprimer de la copie de travail. 188 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
 Afficher uniquement modifications : si cette option est sélectionnée, la liste des modifications ne contient que des entrées relatives aux nouvelles modifications. Le
métrage inchangé n’est pas affiché. (Toutefois, si vous sélectionnez la case Cut List,
une liste de conformation contenant l’ensemble du métrage de la séquence, y
compris le métrage inchangé, est incluse dans le fichier de liste des modifications.)
 Combiner les suppresions : si vous sélectionnez cette option, les suppressions de
métrages contigus sont énumérées comme une seule et même suppression plutôt
que comme des suppressions individuelles. Cela indique à l’assistant réalisateur
que ces portions doivent être coupées en une seule lift, pièce et conservées intactes plutôt que sous la forme de petits morceaux séparés. Les assistants réalisateurs
préfèrent généralement procéder de cette manière car cela rend l’opération plus
simple et plus rapide.
À propos des éléments et des listes des modifications PDF
Contrairement aux listes de conformation, les listes des modifications ne peuvent quasiment pas être personnalisées. Les listes des modifications fournissent des informations spécifiques et doivent posséder les colonnes nécessaires pour ces informations.
Toutefois, les éléments que vous faites glisser dans la colonne de droite de la zone de
dialogue Exporter la Liste de modifications peuvent avoir une incidence sur le type de
données affiché dans ces colonnes. Vous devez ajouter un élément pour chacune de
ces trois catégories :
 Name identifier : « Scène et prise » ou « Nom du clip »
 Roll number : « Bobine de caméra », « Bobine de laboratoire » ou « Bobine journailière »
 Edge code : « Numéro de clés » ou « Codification manuelle »
Important : si vous ajoutez plusieurs éléments du même type (par exemple, si vous
ajoutez « Numéro de clés » et « Configuration manuelle » à la colonne de droite dans la
zone de dialogue Exporter la Liste de modifications), c’est le premier qui apparaît dans
la colonne de droite qui sera utilisé par la liste des modifications.
Si vous décidez d’inclure une liste de conformation dans la liste des modifications, vous
pouvez ajouter des éléments supplémentaires à la colonne de droite et les mettre dans
l’ordre dans lequel ils doivent apparaître dans la liste de conformation.Chapitre 8 Création de listes de film et de listes de modification 189
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Utilisation de la fonctionnalité d’exportation de liste de modifications
depuis Cinema Tools
Si la version la plus récente d’une séquence n’est pas disponible ou facilement accessible, ou si elle est endommagée, vous pouvez toujours créer une liste des modifications
tant que vous disposez des fichiers de programme (.pgm) exportés des deux séquences à comparer. Vous pouvez exporter la liste des modifications à partir de
Cinema Tools à l’aide des fichiers de programme, au lieu d’exporter la liste des modifications à partir de Final Cut Pro (où vous devez sélectionner une séquence).
Lorsque vous exportez une liste des modifications à partir de Cinema Tools, vous ne
pouvez pas inclure de liste de conformation ni aucune des autres listes de film que
vous pouvez exporter à l’aide de la zone de dialogue Export Film Lists ; vous ne pouvez exporter que les listes et les informations spécifiques aux listes des modifications.
Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue Export Change List depuis Cinema Tools :
m Sélectionnez File>Export>Change List.
Le logiciel vous invite à saisir les emplacements des fichiers de programme ainsi que le
nom et l’emplacement de la liste des modifications. Pour en savoir plus sur les réglages
de cette zone de dialogue, consultez la section « Réglages dans la zone de dialogue
Exporter la Liste de modifications » à la page 187.9
191
9 Observations à propos de
l’exportation et création
de listes EDL audio
Une fois que vous avez monté votre projet, vous voudrez sans
doute l’exporter sur bande vidéo, exporter l’audio ou
exporter une liste EDL audio basée sur le projet monté.
La principale raison d’être de Cinema Tools est de permettre de générer des listes de
conformation. Vous pouvez, dans la plupart des projets, créer d’autres éléments utiles à
partir de votre film monté :
 une bande vidéo du film : elle peut servir à montrer le film à d’autres personnes ou
constituer un guide visuel pour le monteur négatif. Certains éléments comme la
vitesse de défilement du montage ou le matériel spécialisé nécessaire sont à
prendre en considération. Pour plus de détails, consultez la section « Observations
à propos de l’exportation sur bande vidéo, ».
 un fichier contenant la bande-son du programme : on crée généralement ce fichier
lorsque l’on souhaite utiliser l’audio du programme, mais aussi le finaliser à l’aide
d´un logiciel audio spécialisé ou dans un studio de postproduction audio. Il existe
pour cela plusieurs approches et vous devez être conscient de certains points.
Consultez la section « Observations à propos de l’exportation audio » à la page 192
pour en savoir plus.
 une liste EDL audio : vous avez besoin d’une telle liste si vous voulez recapturer l’audio
à l’aide d’un équipement spécialisé et le remonter à l’aide du timecode audio à partir
du programme monté. Consultez la section « Exportation d’une liste EDL audio » à la
page 193 pour en savoir plus.192 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Observations à propos de l’exportation sur bande vidéo
Il se peut que vous souhaitiez produire une bande vidéo de votre programme monté,
soit pour en faciliter le visionnage soit pour fournir une référence visuelle au monteur
de film. Il existe plusieurs manières de créer une bande vidéo à partir d’un programme
monté, et ces différentes méthodes sont expliquées dans la documentation de
Final Cut Pro. Toutefois, si vous avez monté la vidéo à 24 ips et que vous souhaitez créer
une vidéo au format PAL ou NTSC, les points suivants sont à prendre en considération.
Lorsque vous créez une bande vidéo à partir d’une séquence à 24 ips, certains
appareils de sortie vidéo créent un signal NTSC ou PAL en ajoutant les trames
supplémentaires nécessaires au passage de 24 ips à 25 ips ou 29,97 ips. Une telle bande
est généralement adaptée au visionnage, mais elle n’est pas suffisamment précise pour
servir de référence visuelle pour le montage du négatif. N’oubliez pas de prévenir le
monteur de film si vous avez rencontré des problèmes avec la bande vidéo (comme,
par exemple, si la vidéo affiche de temps en temps la mauvaise image).
Observations à propos de l’exportation audio
Selon l’étendue de vos besoins pour le projet, il est possible que vous puissiez utiliser
directement l’audio déjà monté dans Final Cut Pro dans la copie d’exploitation du film.
La plupart du temps il faudra effectuer la finition du montage audio soit à l’aide d’une
application spécialisée, soit dans un studio spécialisé dans le traitement final du son.
C’est généralement à ce stade que l’on ajoute ou améliore le bruitage, la musique et les
dialogues.
Il y a un certain nombre d’éléments à prendre en considération lorsque vous exportez
de l’audio :
 le type de fichier audio requis : vous pouvez exporter un fichier Open Media Framework
(OMF) ou Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF).
 la vitesse audio : en fonction de la manière dont la vidéo a été transférée, il est
possible que vous ayez légèrement modifié la vitesse audio pour conserver la
synchronisation.
Si vous avez décidé de recapturer et de faire remonter l’audio dans un studio de
postproduction audio, consultez la section « Exportation d’une liste EDL audio » à la
page 193 pour les détails.
Fichiers OMF
Un fichier OMF contient non seulement le son, mais aussi une description des opérations
de montage du son. Les stations de travail audio numériques (DAW) capables d’importer
des fichiers OMF peuvent tirer parti de la disponibilité des points d’entrée et de sortie des
coupes ainsi que d’autres informations, tels que les fondus enchaînés, pour effectuer de
petites modifications. Les fichiers OMF contiennent généralement toutes les pistes audio
utilisées dans le film (d’autres formats d’exportation sont plus limités).Chapitre 9 Observations à propos de l’exportation et création de listes EDL audio 193
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Un autre avantage des fichiers OMF, c’est qu’ils peuvent contenir l’audio et des informations
sur le montage provenant de sources non basées sur le timecode, comme, par exemple,
du contenu de CD audio. (Les listes EDL audio ne décrivent que les coupes faites sur des
sources basées sur le timecode et ne contiennent aucune référence à des sources comme,
par exemple, des CD audio.)
Consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour plus d’informations sur l’exportation
de fichiers OMF.
Fichiers AIFF
Un fichier AIFF ne contient que l’audio et ne peut pas être modifié facilement. Vous
devez exporter un fichier séparé pour chaque piste audio. Comme les fichiers OMF, les
fichiers AIFF peuvent contenir de l’audio provenant de sources non basées sur le
timecode, comme, par exemple, du contenu de CD audio. (Les listes EDL audio ne
décrivent que les opérations de montage basées sur le timecode.)
Consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour des informations sur l’exportation
de plusieurs pistes sous la forme de fichiers AIFF.
Vitesse Audio
La vitesse de lecture de l’audio monté est souvent légèrement différente de la vitesse de
l’enregistrement initial (la vitesse naturelle). Cette différence compense les variations de
vitesse de la pellicule se produisant lors du transfert télécinéma. Lorsque vous effectuez
un montage à 29,97 ips ou 23,98 ips, le son défile à 0,1 pour cent moins vite que sa
vitesse naturelle. Si vous montez à 25 ips et si la vitesse du film de transfert télécinéma
était de 25 ips, l’audio est 4 pour cent plus rapide.
Cette différence de vitesse est maintenue si vous exportez un fichier AIFF ou OMF.
N’oubliez pas de vous renseigner sur les exigences de votre studio de postproduction
audio en matière de vitesse de l’audio avant d’exporter les fichiers.
Exportation d’une liste EDL audio
À l’instar du montage vidéo final de Final Cut Pro, qui n’est en général pas utilisé pour
la conformation du négatif, le montage audio n’est en général pas utilisé. Si vous
prévoyez de recapturer et de faire remonter l’audio dans un studio de postproduction
audio, vous avez besoin d’une liste EDL audio (ou liste EDL) indiquant comment les
clips audio sont utilisés dans le montage.
Alors que la liste EDL Final Cut Pro contient des informations vidéo et audio, elle peut ne
pas contenir de références aux timecodes et au numéros de bande provenant des bandes
audio de production originales ; cela dépend de la façon dont les plans ont été capturés
et de la façon dont la vidéo a été synchronisée avec l’audio. Une base de données
Cinema Tools permet de générer une liste EDL audio avec les timecode et numéros
de bobine de la production originale.194 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Emplacement du timecode audio
Les productions de film utilisent l’enregistrement à deux systèmes (une caméra et un
magnétoscope) pour capturer les images et le son. Vous devez synchroniser ces deux
systèmes, soit au cours du transfert télécinéma, soit avant la capture des plans avec
Final Cut Pro.
Si votre audio est synchronisé pendant le transfert télécinéma et enregistré sur les
pistes audio de la bande vidéo, le timecode et le numéro de bande de la bande audio
source originale ne sont plus indiqués dans le clip et toutes les coupes, dans
Final Cut Pro, ne font plus référence qu’au timecode vidéo et au numéro de bande.
Heureusement, la liste télécinéma crée pendant le transfert contient généralement les
informations audio, ce qui permet de les ajouter à la base de données lorsque vous
importer la liste télécinéma dans Cinema Tools. Vous pouvez également possible saisir
manuellement les informations audio si aucune liste télécinéma n’est disponible.
Using Cinema Tools to Export an Audio EDL
Cinema Tools peut exporter une liste EDL audio tant que sa base de données contient,
dans chaque enregistrement, des informations précises sur le son (un numéro de
timecode audio correspondant à la première image vidéo du plan ainsi que le numéro
de bobine audio). À cause de la façon dont l’audio est enregistré pendant la production
(en utilisant l’enregistrement à deux systèmes, un enregistreur audio qui est lancé et
arrêté indépendamment de la caméra), la fonction Export Audio EDL de Cinema Tools ne
peut être utilisée que lorsque la base de données du projet contient un enregistrement
par prise (comme pour les transferts scène-prise).
Il est impératif que la valeur qui figure dans le champ Sound Timecode corresponde à
la première image vidéo du plan. C’est habituellement le cas lorsque vous importez les
informations relatives au son depuis une liste télécinéma. Utilisez la fonction Identify de
la fenêtre Clip pour saisir (ou vérifier) la valeur du timecode audio d’un point connu dans
le plan (généralement à la fermeture du clap). À partir de cette valeur, Cinema Tools calcule
le timecode pour la première image. Consultez la section « Utilisation de la fonction
Identify pour saisir et calculer des informations de base de données » à la page 102 pour
obtenir des informations sur l’utilisation de la fonction Identify de cette façon.
Une fois le montage terminé et les informations de numéro de bobine et de timecode
audio ajoutées à la base de données, vous êtes prêt pour exporter la liste EDL audio.
Pour exporter une liste EDL audio :
1 Dans la Chronologie ou le Navigateur de Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez la séquence de
laquelle vous souhaitez exporter une liste EDL audio.
2 Sélectionnez Fichier > Exporter > EDL audio Cinema Tools. Chapitre 9 Observations à propos de l’exportation et création de listes EDL audio 195
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Cinema Tools s’ouvre et la zone de dialogue Export Audio EDL s’affiche.
3 Entrez et sélectionnez des réglages dans la zone de dialogue Export Audio EDL, puis
cliquez sur OK. Pour obtenir des informations sur ces réglages, consultez la section
« Paramètres de la zone de dialogue Export Audio EDL, » ci dessous.
4 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’affiche, sélectionnez le fichier de base de données
Cinema Tools à utiliser, puis cliquez sur Choose.
Une fois la base de données sélectionnée, Cinema Tools commence à y faire
correspondre des événements de la séquence :
 Pour chaque opération de montage impliquant une piste activée dans la zone de
dialogue Export Audio EDL, Cinema Tools inspecte la base de données pour vérifier
si le plan vidéo de cette opération est connecté à l’un des enregistrements de la base
de données. Si ce n’est pas le cas, il utilise le numéro de bande vidéo de la coupe
pour essayer de localiser un enregistrement qui contient les points d’entrée et de
sortie du timecode de la coupe. Consultez la section « Utilisation des pistes audio » à
la page 198 pour obtenir des informations sur les pistes audio.
 Si Cinema Tools trouve un enregistrement valable, il vérifie si ce dernier comprend
des informations audio (timecode et numéro de bobine). Si c’est le cas, une entrée
est ajoutée à la liste EDL et Cinema Tools passe à la coupe suivante.
 Il est possible que Cinema Tools ne soit pas en mesure de faire correspondre toutes
les opérations de montage audio dans la séquence. Cela peut être dû à des
enregistrements de base de données incomplets ou à l’utilisation du son provenant
d’autres sources que les bandes sonores listées. Pour les coupes qui ne peuvent pas
être remises en relation avec la base de données, une entrée est ajoutée à la liste EDL
en utilisant les informations de bande et de timecode provenant de la séquence et
cette entrée est identifiée par un astérisque en regard du nom de la bande. Un
commentaire précisant qu’aucun enregistrement de la base données n’a été trouvé
est également ajouté à l’entrée de liste EDL.196 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Cinema Tools crée deux fichiers lors de l’exportation : un fichier au format de liste EDL
CMX 3600 et un fichier texte contenant des informations sur l’exportation de la liste EDL :
 Le format de liste EDL CMX 3600 est très utilisé comme norme pour les échanges de
listes EDL et devrait être accepté par pratiquement tous les studios.
 Le fichier texte créé en même temps que le fichier EDL utilise le nom de fichier de la
liste EDL et y ajoute une extension « .txt ». Le fichier contient des informations
concernant la séquence utilisée ainsi que tous les paramètres de la zone de dialogue
Export Audio EDL, y compris le nombre de pistes et leur affectation. Il répertorie
également les erreurs survenues pendant l’exportation.
Paramètres de la zone de dialogue Export Audio EDL
Cinema Tools utilise des informations provenant de la séquence pour remplir plusieurs
champs de la partie supérieure de la zone de dialogue Export Audio EDL :
 File : nom du programme Cinema Tools que vous venez d’ouvrir. Il n’est utilisé que lors
de l’exportation de listes EDL audio directement à partir de Cinema Tools. Consultez
la section « Utilisation de la fonction Export Audio EDL à partir de Cinema Tools » à la
page 198 pour en savoir plus.
 Audio Tracks : nombre de pistes audio utilisées dans la coupe.
 Project name : nom de la séquence Final Cut Pro sur laquelle le fichier est basé.
 Project timebase : fréquence d’images de la séquence dans la Chronologie.
 Start time : heure de début de la séquence qui est assignée dans la fenêtre
Audio/Video Settings de Final Cut Pro.
 EDL Title : nom de la liste EDL. Par défaut, il s’agit du même nom que le nom de
projet de la séquence.
 EDL start time and timecode format : heure de début de la liste EDL et format de
timecode à utiliser. Par défaut, l’heure de début est la même que l’heure de début
de la séquence. Il est recommandé de ne pas modifier l’heure de début, sauf si votre
studio de postproduction audio vous le demande.Chapitre 9 Observations à propos de l’exportation et création de listes EDL audio 197
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Le reste de la zone de dialogue contient des champs et des commandes servant à
configurer la liste audio EDL :
 Audio Mapping : sert à affecter chacune des huit pistes audio de séquence possibles
aux quatre pistes EDL audio (nombre maximal géré par des listes EDL audio).
Consultez la section « Utilisation des pistes audio, » pour des détails sur la
configuration de ces réglages.
 Include clip comments : lorsque cette option est sélectionnée, la liste EDL audio
contient le nom de fichier du clip (s’il est connu) sous la forme d’un commentaire
pour chaque événement de la liste.
 Include scene and take comments : lorsque cette option est sélectionnée, la liste EDL
audio contient les numéros de scène et de prise sous la forme de commentaires pour
chaque événement de la liste.
 Open in text editor : lorsque cette option est sélectionnée, la liste EDL audio exportée
s’ouvre dans l’éditeur de texte spécifié dans le menu local. La liste EDL audio étant un
fichier texte, l’application TextEdit est habituellement utilisée.198 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Utilisation des pistes audio
Bien que Final Cut Pro prenne en charge de nombreuses pistes audio, la fonction
Export Audio EDL de Cinema Tools ne tient compte que des huit premières et les listes
EDL audio n’en prennent en charge que quatre. La zone de dialogue Export Audio EDL
contient des réglages pour chacune des huit pistes audio possibles vous permettant de
les mettre en correspondance avec les quatre pistes de la liste EDL.
Les sélections de configuration de piste sont actives pour les pistes qui sont incluses
dans la séquence (elles ne sont pas disponibles pour les autres). Bien qu’il soit possible
d’affecter plusieurs pistes à une seule piste EDL, la liste EDL qui en résulte peut être
confuse et comporte souvent des erreurs.
Comme il n’est pas possible de mettre les huit pistes sur les quatre pistes de la liste
EDL, vous devez exporter deux listes EDL : une liste EDL en ayant activé les pistes 1 à 4
(et désactivé les autres) et une autre liste EDL en ayant activé les pistes 5 à 8. Sachez
que certains monteurs son peuvent préférer une seule piste par liste EDL, ce qui vous
oblige à exporter plusieurs listes EDL audio. N’oubliez pas de consulter votre monteur
son avant d’exporter la liste EDL audio.
Utilisation de la fonction Export Audio EDL à partir de Cinema Tools
Vous utiliserez souvent la fonction Export Audio EDL de Cinema Tools à partir de
Final Cut Pro. Vous pouvez utiliser cette fonction à partir de Cinema Tools, mais comme
la séquence montée n’est pas directement disponible pour Cinema Tools, une étape
supplémentaire consistant à créer un fichier de programme Cinema Tools est nécessaire.
Final Cut Pro crée un fichier de programme Cinema Tools si vous sélectionnez « Save
a Cinema Tools program file » dans la zone de dialogue Export Film Lists. Un fichier
de programme Cinema Tools contient des informations sur le montage de la séquence,
présentées dans un format utilisable par Cinema Tools pour créer la liste EDL audio.
Les autres réglages de la zone de dialogue Export Film Lists, comme, par exemple, s’il
faut inclure les différentes listes disponibles ou pas, n’ont pas d’incidence sur le fichier
de programme.10
199
10 Utilisation de fichiers EDL, XML
et ALE externes
Utilisation de Cinema Tools pour des projets commencés sur
d’autres systèmes.
Il se peut que vous souhaitiez un jour créer des listes de film, y compris une liste de
conformation, basées sur des coupes provenant d’un système de montage autre que
Final Cut Pro ou d’une installation Final Cut Pro d’un autre ordinateur. C’est pourquoi
Cinema Tools vous permet de générer des listes de film basées sur des listes EDL (pour
l´anglais Edit Decision Lists) crées avec Final Cut Pro et d’autres systèmes ainsi que des
listes de film basées sur des fichiers XML Final Cut Pro.
Cinema Tools permet également l’importation et l’exportation de fichiers ALE (Avid Log
Exchange). Ces fichiers contiennent la plupart des informations sur le film, la bande vidéo
et l’audio, que l’on trouve dans une base de données Cinema Tools, dans un format
compatible avec la plupart des systèmes de montage basés sur film. Les fichiers ALE ne
contiennent pas d’informations sur les coupes (telles qu´on trouve dans une liste EDL).
Création de listes de film basées sur une liste EDL ou
un fichier XML
Les points à prendre en compte lorsqu’on crée des listes de film depuis Final Cut Pro
sont les mêmes dans les autres applications de montage vidéo. Il faut que :
 la base de données Cinema Tools doit être complète, exacte et contenir les
informations du film et du timecode ;
 le timecode vidéo et les numéros de bande du fichier EDL ou XML correspondent
exactement à ceux qui figurent dans la base de données Cinema Tools
 vous devez savoir comment gérer les problèmes de vitesse audio qui peuvent
dérégler la synchronisation avec l’image.200 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Tous les aspects liés au transfert télécinéma, notamment le choix d’un transfert « sceneand-take » ou « camera-roll », sont également à prendre en compte. Rappelez-vous que
la meilleure manière de créer une base de données Cinema Tools est de le faire à partir
d’une liste télécinéma produite lors d’un transfert « scene-and-take ». Consultez le
chapitre 4, « Création et utilisation d’une base de données Cinema Tools », à la page 69
pour des informations sur la création d’une base de données Cinema Tools.
Important : lorsque vous exportez des listes de film à partir d’un fichier EDL ou d’un
fichier XML, Cinema Tools doit utiliser la méthode du timecode de la création de liste
de film. Assurez-vous par conséquent de l’exactitude des timecodes vidéo de la base
de données, car ils servent de seule et unique référence pour la création des listes (les
plans ne sont pas pris comme référence).
Il y a deux façons de générer des listes de film à partir d’une liste EDL :
 Utiliser les commandes Export de Cinema Tools : cette méthode est la plus simple.
Consultez la section « Utilisation des commandes Export de Cinema Tools, » ci-après.
 Importer la liste EDL dans une séquence Final Cut Pro : cette méthode est un peu plus
laborieuse mais présente l’avantage d’afficher les points de coupes sur une timeline
(sans vidéo ni audio si les plans ne sont pas disponibles). Si les plans sont disponibles,
il est possible de lire et de modifier la séquence avant d’exporter les listes. Pour des
informations sur l’importation de listes EDL, consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro.
Consultez le chapitre 8, « Création de listes de film et de listes de modification », à la
page 167 de ce manuel pour des détails sur la génération de listes de film à partir de
Final Cut Pro.
Utilisation des commandes Export de Cinema Tools
En plus de la base de données Cinema Tools, vous devez disposer d’un fichier EDL
ou d’un fichier XML adéquat pour créer des listes de film à partir de Cinema Tools.
Caractéristiques requises des listes EDL
Cinema Tools prend en charge les listes EDL aux formats CMX 3600 et GVG. En règle
générale, toutes les options « pre-read » ou « B-reels » doivent être désactivées, car elles
s’appliquent directement au montage sur bande. Le cas échéant, Cinema Tools peut
travailler avec des données « pre-read », mais le nom de la bande « pre-read » doit être
PREREAD. N’oubliez pas d’inclure des commentaires car ces derniers permettent d’afficher
les noms des plans, des transitions et des effets. Ils seront reconnus par Cinema Tools et
insérés dans les commentaires de la cut list.
Les noms de bandes qui apparaissent dans la liste EDL doivent concorder avec ceux
de la base de données Cinema Tools. La moindre différence, comme, par exemple, une
espace ou un « 0 » initial supplémentaire (« 001 » au lieu de « 0001 ») peut provoquer
des problèmes. Chapitre 10 Utilisation de fichiers EDL, XML et ALE externes 201
I
Vous devez également savoir que certains systèmes de montage modifient les noms
des bandes lors de l’exportation des listes EDL. Le format CMX 3600 autorise des noms
de huit caractères maximum et uniquement les chiffres et les lettres majuscules (pas
d’espaces). Une liste de conversion des bandes est souvent ajoutée à la fin de la liste
EDL pour aider à solutionner les éventuels problèmes de noms.
Vous pouvez utiliser la commande Change Reel de Cinema Tools pour modifier toutes les
occurrences d’un nom de bande dans la base de données afin d’obtenir une concordance
exacte avec la liste EDL (vous pouvez par exemple remplacer tous les noms Tape 004 par
TAPE004). Consultez la section « Modification de tous les identifiants de bobine ou de
bande » à la page 107 pour en savoir plus.
Normes vidéo EDL
Les listes EDL sont créées en prenant comme référence les points de timecode vidéo.
Cela signifie que les listes EDL ont généralement une fréquence d’images de 29,97 ips
(NTSC), 25 ips (PAL), ou 23,98 ips ou 24 ips (selon soit la fréquence d’images du film, soit
la fréquence d’images de la vidéo 24p). De plus, les listes EDL NTSC doivent contenir une
ligne commençant par « FCM » près du début. Cela indique si le timecode est « drop
frame » ou « non-drop frame ». Les timecodes PAL et 24 ips sont toujours « non-drop
frame » et ne nécessitent pas la ligne commençant par « FCM » (bien qu’ils puissent
apparaître comme non-drop frame).
Malheureusement, une liste EDL n’inclut pas de ligne indiquant sa vitesse. Cinema Tools
considère que la vitesse de la liste EDL est la même que celle de la dernière base de
données ouverte. Il est par conséquent conseillé d’ouvrir la base de données avec
laquelle la liste EDL sera utilisée, avant d’exporter les listes de film.
Important : c’est à vous de connaître la fréquence d’images de la liste EDL et de vous
assurer qu’elle correspond à la base de données avec laquelle elle est utilisée.
Conditions requises pour le XML
Cinema Tools prend en charge les fichiers XML Final Cut Pro. Comme les fichiers XML
contiennent bien plus d’informations sur une séquence montée qu’un fichier EDL, le
format XML est le format recommandé pour l’exportation de listes de film à l’aide de
Cinema Tools.
Exportation de listes de film à partir de Cinema Tools
Le processus d’exportation d’une liste de film à partir de Cinema Tools est similaire,
qu’il soit basé sur un fichier EDL ou XML. Dans les deux cas, vous pouvez exporter
une liste de film au format PDF ou au format XML.202 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Pour créer des listes de film à l’aide de la commande Export de Cinema Tools :
1 Ouvrez la base de données Cinema Tools correspondant au fichier EDL ou XML
que vous allez utiliser pour créer les listes de film.
Cela permet de s’assurer que la fréquence d’images de la liste et la fréquence d’images
de la base de données correspondent.
2 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Pour exporter une liste de film au format PDF basée sur un fichier EDL :
choisissez File > Export > Film Lists from EDL.
 Pour exporter une liste de film au format XML basée sur un fichier EDL :
choisissez File > Export > XML Film Lists from EDL.
 Pour exporter une liste de film au format PDF basée sur un fichier XML Final Cut Pro :
choisissez File > Export > Film Lists from XML.
 Pour exporter une liste de film au format XML basée sur un fichier XML Final Cut Pro :
choisissez File > Export > XML Film Lists from XML.
3 Sélectionnez le fichier EDL ou XML dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, puis cliquez
sur Choose.
4 Choisissez l’emplacement et le nom du fichier de liste de film à créer, puis cliquez sur Save.
Remarque : si Cinema Tools rencontre des problèmes au cours du traitement du fichier EDL,
le message « parsing error » (erreur d’analyse) s’affiche. Il indique le numéro de la ligne où
l’erreur s’est produite. Consultez la section « Que se passe-t-il avec la liste EDL ? » à la
page 203 pour en savoir plus.
5 Dans la zone de dialogue Export Film Lists Cinema Tools, choisissez les réglages souhaités,
puis cliquez sur OK. Consultez le chapitre 8, « Création de listes de film et de listes de
modification », à la page 167 pour des détails sur les réglages de cette zone de dialogue.Chapitre 10 Utilisation de fichiers EDL, XML et ALE externes 203
I
6 Si vous choisissez de créer un fichier de programme Cinema Tools dans la zone de dialogue
Export Film Lists, choisissez l’emplacement et le nom du fichier, puis cliquez sur OK.
7 Sélectionnez la base de données Cinema Tools à utiliser pour l’exportation de la liste,
puis cliquez sur Choose.
La liste de film est générée.
Que se passe-t-il avec la liste EDL ?
Une fois l’exportation de la liste de film lancée, Cinema Tools commence par traiter le
fichier EDL, puis crée une version destinée à son usage interne. Au cours de ce traitement,
Cinema Tools recherche d’éventuelles erreurs qui rendraient la liste EDL inutilisable pour
la création d’une liste de film. Si des éléments anormaux ou inattendus sont détectés,
l’exportation est interrompue et un message indiquant la ligne où s’est produite l’erreur
s’affiche. Ce type d’erreur est appelé parsing error.
Les erreurs détectées dans une liste EDL peuvent souvent être corrigées manuellement.
Les listes EDL étant en fait des fichiers de texte, elles peuvent être ouvertes dans TextEdit.
Attention : il arrive souvent que la ligne affichée ne contienne pas l’erreur, qui se trouve
parfois dans la ligne précédente. Pour détecter le problème, essayez de supprimer des
lignes et de les comparer avec des lignes similaires situées plus avant dans la liste EDL.
Consultez la section « Utilisation de TextEdit pour modifier une liste EDL, » ci-dessous
pour en savoir plus.
Cinema Tools recherche aussi d’éventuels conflits au sein de la liste EDL, comme, par
exemple, lorsque deux coupes se superposent. Cinema Tools nettoie ces coupes en
enlevant toutes les portions sur lesquelles des coupes qui suivent seraient enregistrées.
Toutes les transitions ou surimpressions complètement recouvertes par une coupe
suivante sont supprimées. Si la transition ou surimpression n’est que partiellement
recouverte, elle est marquée comme conflit, la coupe suivante est supprimée et une
entrée indiquant l’opération est ajoutée à la cut list.
Une fois que Cinema Tools a traité une liste EDL avec succès, il place un résumé des
événements traités au début de la liste de film. Le nombre d’occurrences de chaque
événement y est indiqué (coupe, fondu, volet et clé). Ce nombre d’évènements doit
concorder avec celui de la liste EDL.204 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Utilisation de TextEdit pour modifier une liste EDL
Par défaut, TextEdit enregistre les fichiers au format RTF, mais la liste EDL doit être
enregistrée comme fichier texte. Les étapes suivantes permettent de modifier une
liste EDL dans TextEdit et de la sauvegarder au format texte.
Pour modifier un fichier EDL dans TextEdit :
1 Ouvrez TextEdit.
2 Choisissez Fichier > Ouvrir, recherchez le fichier EDL, sélectionnez-le et cliquez sur Ouvrir.
3 Choisissez Format > Convertir au format Texte, puis cliquez sur OK dans la zone de
dialogue qui apparaît.
La police est convertie en Monaco, une police non proportionnelle qui garantit
l’alignement des colonnes de texte. Le fichier prend le nom de « Sans titre ».
4 Apportez vos modifications et choisissez Fichier > Enregistrer.
Le nom par défaut est « Sans titre » et l’extension « .txt » est ajoutée.
5 Saisissez un nom de fichier et remplacez « .txt » par l’extension « .edl » (ou par l’extension
utilisée dans le fichier original), puis cliquez sur Enregistrer.
Une zone de dialogue s’affiche vous demandant si vous souhaitez que l’extension « .txt »
soit ajoutée au nom du fichier.
6 Cliquez sur Ne pas ajouter.
Si vous éditez souvent des fichiers au format texte, vous pouvez configurer les préférences
TextEdit pour faciliter l’opération.
Remarque : un double clic sur un nom de fichier comportant l’extension « .edl »
entraîne l’ouverture de ce fichier dans une fenêtre en lecture seule de Final Cut Pro.
Utilisation de fichiers ALE
Le format ALE (Avid Log Exchange) a été conçu pour permettre le transfert du contenu des
bases de données de film d’un système à l’autre. Comme Cinema Tools gère l’exportation
et l’importation de fichiers ALE, vous pouvez partager vos bases de données avec d’autres
systèmes.
Comme les fichiers EDL, les fichiers ALE sont des fichiers de texte qui peuvent être
ouverts et modifiés dans un éditeur de texte. La seule différence est qu’ils sont délimités
par des tabulations, ce qui rend leur lecture un peu plus difficile. Faites très attention à
ne pas corrompre le fichier en supprimant involontairement une tabulation lorsque vous
apportez vos modifications.
Avertissement : la modification de fichiers EDL doit se faire avec précaution : certains
éléments insignifiants au demeurant peuvent revêtir une grande importance. Veillez
à toujours conserver une copie de sauvegarde au cas où des modifications irréversibles
étaient apportées à votre copie de travail.Chapitre 10 Utilisation de fichiers EDL, XML et ALE externes 205
I
Champs ALE gérés
Chaque ligne d’un fichier ALE correspond à un enregistrement de la base de données.
Cinema Tools gère les champs ALE suivants :
Champs relatifs au film
 Camroll : contient le numéro utilisé pour le champ Cam Roll.
 Labroll : contient le numéro utilisé pour le champ Lab Roll.
 Daily roll : contient le numéro utilisé pour le champ Daily Roll.
 Ink number : contient les valeurs du champ Ink.
 KN Start : contient les valeurs du champ Key.
Champs relatifs à la bande vidéo
 Tape : contient la valeur du champ Video Reel.
 Start : contient la valeur du champ Video Timecode.
 End : dans Cinema Tools, il s’agit d’une valeur calculée crée en additionnant la valeur
du champ Video Duration et la valeur du champ Video Timecode.
 Duration : contient le contenu du champ Video Duration.
 TC 24 : contient une valeur de timecode vidéo basée sur 24 ips qui est utilisée à la
place de la valeur du champ Start si la base de données dans laquelle vous importez
le fichier est réglée sur un timecode de 24 ips. De plus, si le fichier ALE ne contient
pas de colonne Sound TC, les valeurs de la colonne TC 24 sont ajoutées à la base de
données comme valeurs de timecode audio.
Champs relatifs à l’audio
 Tracks : Cinema Tools insère « VA1 » dans ce champ au cours de l’exportation.
 Soundroll : contient le contenu du champ Sound Roll.
 Sound TC : contient le contenu du champ Sound Timecode représentant la valeur
de timecode de la première image.
Champs généraux
 Name : lors de l’exportation, contient le nom de fichier du plan connecté (s’il y en a un)
ou un nom créé par Cinema Tools en combinant les numéros de scène et de prise (s’ils
ont été saisis) ou, en dernier recours, les valeurs de bande vidéo et de timecode séparées
par un trait d’union.
 Scene : contient le contenu du champ Scene.
 Take : contient le contenu du champ Take.
 Notes : contient les remarques que vous avez saisies dans l’enregistrement de base
de données.206 Partie I Utilisation de Cinema Tools
Importation d’un fichier ALE
Pour importer un fichier ALE, utilisez la commande Import Telecine Log. Vous pouvez
importer un fichier ALE dans une base de données Cinema Tools existante ou dans sa
propre nouvelle base de données. Il est conseillé de l’importer dans une nouvelle base
de données (vous pourrez l’importer dans une autre par la suite). Vous pouvez aussi
importer le fichier ALE à l’aide de Final Cut Pro ou de Cinema Tools.
Consultez la section « Importation d’informations à partir d’une liste télécinéma ou
d’un fichier ALE » à la page 85 pour en savoir plus sur l’importation de fichiers ALE
et de liste télécinéma à l’aide de Final Cut Pro ou de Cinema Tools.
Exportation d’un fichier ALE
Cinema Tools exporte un fichier ALE en prenant comme référence l’ensemble trouvé
actuel (current found set). Pour éviter de rencontrer un problème, assurez-vous que
tous les enregistrements sont complets et corrects avant l’exportation.
Pour exporter un fichier ALE :
1 Créez un nouvel ensemble trouvé (found set) contenant les fiches que vous souhaitez
exporter. (Consultez la section « Recherche et ouverture d’enregistrements de base de
donnée » à la page 80 pour des détails sur la création d’ensembles d’enregistrements
trouvés.)
2 Dans Cinema Tools, choisissez File > Export > Avid Log Exchange.
3 Attribuez un nom au nouveau fichier et donnez-lui un emplacement. Il est conseillé
d’ajouter l’extension « .ale » au nom de fichier.
4 Cliquez sur Save pour exporter le fichier.II
Partie II : Utilisation de
la vidéo 24P
Cette section détaille l’utilisation de Cinema Tools pendant
le montage de projets de vidéo haute définition.
Chapitre 11 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P et de listes EDL 24 ips 11
209
11 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
et de listes EDL 24 ips
Cinema Tools offre plusieurs outils utiles pour monter de
la vidéo 24p.
La prolifération des normes vidéo haute définition (HD) et la volonté de diffuser des contenus vidéo dans le monde entier ont créé une demande pour une norme vidéo qui puisse
être convertie facilement vers toutes les autres normes. Par ailleurs il s’avère nécessaire de
disposer d’un format aisément convertible en film et offrant une méthode de qualité supé-
rieure permettant la création et le montage en vidéo avant d’achever le projet sur film.
La vidéo 24p permet tout cela. Elle utilise la même vitesse de défilement de 24 ips que
les films, ce qui permet de tirer parti des dispositifs de conversion existants pour créer
des versions NTSC et PAL de votre projet. Elle utilise un schéma de balayage progressif
et généralement une image HD pour créer une sortie convenant à la projection sur
grand écran et à la conversion en film.
De plus, la vidéo 24p permet de produire des transferts télécinéma 24 ips de haute qualité
à partir d’un film. Ceux-ci sont particulièrement utiles si vous comptez diffuser le produit
finalisé selon différents standard TV.
Remarque : plusieurs des fonctionnalités mentionnées ici figurent dans Final Cut Pro
et ne requièrent pas Cinema Tools. Ces fonctionnalités sont toutefois décrites ici parce
qu’elles concernent l’utilisation de la vidéo 24p, ce qui intéresse particulièrement de
nombreux réalisateurs.210 Partie II Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
Éléments à prendre en compte lors de la création sur film
Lors du montage d’images 24P provenant d’un film, tenez compte des points ci-après :
 Si vous souhaitez conformer le film pour le faire correspondre à la vidéo montée,
une base de données Cinema Tools doit assurer le suivi de son code de bordure.
(Consultez la section « Code de bordure du film » à la page 233 pour des détails
sur le code de bordure.)
 Le film doit être transféré sur bande vidéo à l’aide d’un télécinéma. En général, le résultat
vidéo télécinéma offline contient des timecodes vidéo et audio incrustés, ainsi que des
numéros de bord. Ces valeurs (figurant dans une fenêtre d’affichage) sont fort précieuses
pour la conformation ultérieure du film. Il se pose malheureusement un problème de
visibilité si vous tentez d’utiliser le format 24P pour produire une version vidéo du film.
C’est pour cela que si vous souhaitez produire à la fois un film conforme et une version
vidéo montée du projet, vous pouvez faire fonctionner le télécinéma sur deux magné-
toscopes à la fois (l’un avec la fenêtre d’affichage, l’autre sans).
 Que l’on tourne un film ou de la vidéo 24p, le son est presque toujours enregistré séparément des images avec un enregistreur dédié. On parle souvent dans ce cas d’enregistrement de son à deux systèmes. Si les productions en 24p permettent l’enregistrement
du son sur le magnétoscope 24P, fournissant ainsi un son synchronisé et aisément capturé avec Final Cut Pro, les productions de film n’ont pas la possibilité d’enregistrer le
son sur la pellicule ; celui-ci doit donc être synchronisé à un moment ultérieur du processus. Il est préférable de synchroniser le son lors du transfert télécinéma. Cela facilite
la capture de l’audio en même temps que des plans vidéo pour montage dans
Final Cut Pro. La base de données Cinema Tools permet de gérer les numéros des bandes son originales et le timecode et de générer une liste audio EDL pouvant être utilisée pour recapturer et monter le son dans un studio de postproduction audio.
Consultez la section « Transfert du film sur bande vidéo » à la page 19 pour des informations sur les transferts télécinéma. Consultez la section « Exportation d’une liste EDL
audio » à la page 193 pour des informations sur l’exportation de listes audio EDL.
Tournage
du film
Conversion
en vidéo avec
un télécinéma
Conformation
du négatif
Système
de montage
online
Magné-
toscope
24P
Liste télécinéma
Négatif original
Cut list
Liste
EDL 24 ips
24P video
Master
film
monté
Master
vidéo
monté
Final Cut Pro avec
Cinema Tools (montage offline)
Capture
et traitement
Montage
Exportation de la cut list
Exportation de
la liste EDL 24 ips
Cinema Tools
Création de
la base de donnéesChapitre 11 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P et de listes EDL 24 ips 211
II
Montage de vidéo 24P avec Final Cut Pro
L’excellente qualité offerte par la vidéo 24P se transforme en inconvénient au moment
du montage, du fait de la largeur de bande et de l’espace de stockage nécessaires. Le
travail sur de la vidéo 24p très peu compressée directement dans Final Cut Pro réclame
un système doté d’un disque dur de grande capacité et à haut débit, ainsi qu’une carte
de capture spécialisée. Même avec un système bien configuré, vous ne pourrez capturer que la vidéo que vous comptez vraiment utiliser, pas les 20 à 100 heures que vous
aurez probablement tournées.
Le montage de vidéo 24p avec Final Cut Pro se déroule en général en deux étapes : un
montage offline avec des plans 24P compressés ou convertis à la baisse (à la résolution
standard NTSC) et d’autres plans compressés, suivi d’un montage online avec des plans
non compressés et recapturés.
Utilisation du même système Final Cut Pro pour le montage
24p offline et online
Idéalement, vous pourriez utiliser le même système Final Cut Pro pour le montage offline
et online. Cela rend le processus à la fois simple et sans erreur. Dans le cas d’un système
unique pour les deux types de montage, le déroulement des opérations se présente
comme suit :
Étape 1 : capturez votre vidéo 24p sous la forme de plans compressés
Étape 2 : montez les plans offline
Étape 3 : utilisez le Gestionnaire de données pour créer une copie du projet qui
n’utilise que les plans et les sections de plans dont vous avez besoin
Étape 4 : supprimez les plans originaux
Étape 5 : recapturez le matériel dans votre copie de projet sous la forme de vidéo
24p sans compression
Que signifie « vidéo convertie à la baisse » ?
Il est souvent nécessaire d’utiliser de la vidéo HD (24p par exemple) dans les systèmes
conçus pour de la vidéo NTSC SD. Le processus de conversion de la vidéo HD en vidéo SD
est appelé la conversion à la baisse. La plupart des magnétoscopes HD comportent une
option permettant de sortir de la vidéo SD. Il existe également plusieurs modèles d’appareils spécialisés pour ce type de conversion. Consultez la section « À propos des questions de proportions » à la page 217 pour des informations sur la façon de gérer les
différences de proportions entre les normes lors de la conversion à la baisse.212 Partie II Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
Même si votre système Final Cut Pro n’est pas configuré pour travailler sur de la vidéo
24p non compressée, il peut servir de système de montage offline pour ensuite exporter une liste EDL 24 ips qui servira sur le système de montage online. Mieux encore, si
votre système de montage 24p online fait appel à Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez simplement copier le projet depuis le système offline, ce qui permet de préserver beaucoup
plus d’informations de montage qu’avec seulement la liste EDL.
Consultez les sections « Utilisation de Final Cut Pro comme système de montage
24p online » à la page 213 et « Utilisation de Final Cut Pro comme système de montage
offline 24P » à la page 214 pour en savoir plus sur les différentes options.
Utilisation de la vidéo 24p avec Final Cut Pro et Cinema Tools
Final Cut Pro et Cinema Tools vous donnent les moyens de traiter différentes situations
liées au montage vidéo 24p :
 Importation de listes EDL 24 ips : permet le montage online d’images vidéo 24P montées
offline sur un autre système. Consultez la section « Utilisation de Final Cut Pro comme
système de montage 24p online, » ci-après.
 Exportation de listes EDL 24 ips : permet le montage offline d’images vidéo 24P avec
une base temps de 24 ips. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Utilisation de Final Cut Pro
comme système de montage offline 24P » à la page 214.
 Conversion d’une liste EDL à 24 ips ou à partir de 24 ips : permet soit le montage offline de
vidéo 24P à l’aide d’une base temps NTSC, soit le montage online de vidéo 24P montée
offline sur un système NTSC. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Utilisation de Final Cut Pro
comme système de montage offline 24P » à la page 214.
 Suppression du pulldown 2:3:3:2 ou 2:3:2:3 : permet de capturer vos plans source à
partir d’un caméscope numérique ayant appliqué le pulldown 2:3:3:2 ou 2:3:2:3 à
de la vidéo 24P. Cette fonction élimine proprement les trames d’image redondantes
créées par le pulldown sans aucune recompression afin que vous puissiez faire le
montage à 23,98 ips ou 24 ips. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Utilisation du pulldown 2:3:3:2 » à la page 219.
 Ajout de pulldown : permet de sortir de la vidéo à 23,98 ips dans un format lisible sur
un appareil NTSC, tel qu’un moniteur NTSC, et de l’enregistrer comme vidéo à 29,97 ips.
Cette fonction vous permet de sortir de la vidéo à 23,98 ips via FireWire au format vidéo
NTSC à 29,97 ips. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Modèles de pulldown applicables à
la vidéo 23,98 ips » à la page 225.
 Création d’une liste audio EDL lors de l’utilisation de son à deux systèmes : utile si vous avez
l’intention de recapturer le son ailleurs pour le traitement final. Consultez à ce sujet la
section « Utilisation de listes EDL audio pour le son à deux systèmes » à la page 227.Chapitre 11 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P et de listes EDL 24 ips 213
II
Utilisation de Final Cut Pro comme système de montage
24p online
Si vous utilisez Final Cut Pro comme système de montage online, la façon dont vous allez
importer les informations de montage offline est un point important. Si vous employez
un système de montage offline distinct, vous avez le choix entre trois méthodes pour
obtenir les informations de montage de ce dernier (présentées par ordre de préférence) :
 Copier le projet : peut être utilisé lorsqu’un système Final Cut Pro séparé est le système
offline et utilisait une base temps de montage de 24 ips.
 Importer une liste EDL 24 ips : peut être utilisé lorsque votre système offline prend
en charge l’exportation de listes EDL à 24 ips.
 Importer une liste EDL NTSC : peut être utilisé lorsque votre système offline ne peut
monter que des version NTSC converties à la baisse de la vidéo 24p et exporter une
liste EDL NTSC.
Copie du projet
La copie d’un projet depuis le système de montage offline Final Cut Pro au système de
montage online Final Cut Pro permet de préserver non seulement les informations relatives
aux points d’entrée et de sortie de coupe, mais également toutes les autres informations
liées au projet, notamment les utilisations de filtres et d’effets. Pour utiliser cette méthode,
vous devez avoir fait le montage avec une base temps de 24 ips sur le système offline.
Importation de listes EDL
Si vous utilisez un autre système que Final Cut Pro pour le montage offline (ou un système Final Cut Pro pour travailler sur des versions NTSC converties à la baisse de la
vidéo 24p d’origine), vous devez importer une liste EDL. Final Cut Pro permet tant
l’importation de listes EDL à 24 ips que la conversion de listes EDL NTSC vers 24 ips.
Important : avant d’importer une liste EDL dans Final Cut Pro, assurez-vous que la base
temps pour la séquence possède la même vitesse que la liste EDL. Si ces vitesses ne sont
pas identiques, la liste EDL ne sera pas correctement importée.
Vidéo
source
24P
Vidéo
24P
montée
Liste EDL offline
(24 ips ou NTSC)
Final Cut Pro avec Cinema Tools
Montage
online Vidéo
24P
Montage
online de
vidéo 24P
Capture de
vidéo 24P non
compressée
Exportation
de film
Final Cut Pro214 Partie II Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
Importation de listes EDL 24 ips
Lorsque le système de montage offline n’est pas un système Final Cut Pro, la meilleure
façon d’importer des informations sur le montage offline consiste à fournir une liste EDL.
Les listes EDL ne contiennent que les informations basiques relatives au projet de
montage : les points d’entrée et de sortie pour les deux premières pistes vidéo et les
quatre premières pistes audio, des informations sur les transitions simples et tout commentaire que vous avez ajouté.
Pour importer une liste EDL 24 ips dans Final Cut Pro :
1 Ouvrez une projet Final Cut Pro existant ou créez-en un nouveau.
2 Choisissez Fichier > Importer > EDL.
3 Configurez les options de la zone de dialogue « Importer les options », puis cliquez sur OK.
Remarque : si la zone de dialogue ne vous permet pas de choisir 24 ips comme base
temps, cela est probablement dû au fait que les configurations simplifiées incluses avec
Cinema Tools n’ont pas été installées. Dans ce cas, réinstallez Cinema Tools.
4 Choisissez le nom et l’emplacement du fichier EDL, puis cliquez sur Choisir.
Une nouvelle séquence contenant les opérations de montages de la liste EDL s’ouvre
dans le projet, ce qui indique que les données sont offline. Le navigateur comporte une
liste des données utilisées dans le montage. Vous pouvez ensuite utiliser le Gestionnaire
de données de Final Cut Pro pour capturer les plans pour le montage online. Consultez
la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour des détails sur la capture de plans, l’importation
de listes EDL et la configuration de la zone de dialogue Import Options.
Importation de listes EDL NTSC
Vous pouvez ainsi procéder à un montage offline de votre vidéo 24p convertie à la baisse
sur un système NTSC, puis exporter une liste EDL convertible et utilisable par un système
Final Cut Pro online. Pour importer une liste EDL NTSC à utiliser avec un projet 24p, vous
devez d’abord convertir la liste EDL 29,97 ips NTSC en 24 ips (ou, dans la plupart des cas,
en 23,98 ips).
Remarque : Cinema Tools ne gère pas la conversion de listes EDL PAL en 24 ips.
Consultez la section « Conversion de listes EDL NTSC en 24 ips » à la page 216 pour en
savoir plus. Une fois que vous avez converti la liste EDL, vous pouvez importer la liste
EDL 24 ips dans Final Cut Pro à l’aide du processus décrit à la section « Importation de
listes EDL 24 ips, » ci-avant.
Utilisation de Final Cut Pro comme système de montage
offline 24P
Le montage de vidéo 24P haute résolution (HD) requiert généralement un montage
offline préalable. Cela vous permet de choisir les données à utiliser tout en travaillant
avec des versions converties à la baisse ou compressées de vidéo 24P.Chapitre 11 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P et de listes EDL 24 ips 215
II
Lorsque le système online utilise aussi Final Cut Pro, il est fortement recommandé de
procéder au montage offline en utilisant une base temps de 24 ips. Cela vous permet
d’ouvrir le projet avec le système online et de conserver tous les réglages, effets et filtres spéciaux, tous ces éléments qui ne figurent pas dans les listes EDL.
Avec les systèmes online autres que Final Cut Pro, vous devez fournir une liste EDL 24 ips
provenant du projet.
Cinema Tools dispose de plusieurs outils qui facilitent l’usage de Final Cut Pro comme
système de montage offline 24p :
 Reverse Telecine et Conform : utile si vous avez capturé des versions converties à la baisse
de vidéo 24P et souhaitez les convertir en 24 ips.
 24 fps EDL export : utile si vous effectuez le montage avec une base temps de 24 ips
et que vous avez besoin d’une liste EDL 24 ips pour le système online.
 NTSC–to–24 fps EDL conversion : utile si vous effectuez le montage à l’aide d’une base
temps de 29,97 ips NTSC tout en ayant besoin d’une liste EDL de 23,98 ips ou de 24 ips.
Pour le montage offline, il est préférable que la vidéo 24P soit directement compressée
et capturée, sans conversion de vitesse. Cela réduit les possibilités d’erreur pendant les
conversions de vidéo et de fréquence de timecode et rend superflue la conversion des
proportions de la vidéo (consultez la section « À propos des questions de proportions »
à la page 217). Il faut toutefois disposer pour cela d’un matériel spécialisé ; les solutions
alternatives exposées ci-après ont donc été mises au point avec des versions standard
converties à la baisse de vidéo 24P.
Utilisation des fonctions Reverse Telecine et Conform
La vidéo 24P est souvent convertie à la baisse pour en simplifier l’utilisation avec un
équipement vidéo standard. Cinema Tools fournit des outils pour la reconversion de
plans capturés NTSC ou PAL en vidéo 24 ips originale, ce qui vous permet de procéder
au montage à l’aide d’une base temps de 24 ips :
 NTSC : la conversion de vidéo 24p en NTSC requiert l’utilisation d’une méthode de pulldown qui ajoute des trames redondantes en maintenant la vitesse originale de l’action
(1 seconde de vidéo 24p est égale à 1 seconde de vidéo NTSC). La fonction Reverse
Telecine supprime le pulldown en éliminant les trames superflues et en restaurant la
vitesse originale de 24 ips. Consultez la section « Inversion du pulldown télécinéma » à
la page 133 pour des informations sur l’utilisation de la fonction Reverse Telecine. Si vos
plans sources proviennent d’un type spécial de caméscope DV capable de filmer en
24p, comme le Panasonic AG-DVX100, c’est une forme simplifiée de la fonction Reverse
Telecine qui vous est proposée. Consultez la section « Suppression de pulldown 2:3:3:2
ou 2:3:2:3 avec Cinema Tools » à la page 221 pour des instructions sur l’inversion du
pulldown de plans provenant d’un caméscope DV compatible 24p.216 Partie II Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
 PAL : il existe plusieurs méthodes de conversion de vidéo 24P en PAL. La plus courante consiste à lire la bande 4 pour cent plus vite, ce qui fournit une relation de un
à un entre les images 24p et PAL, mais accélère l’action de 4 pour cent. Cinema Tools
et Final Cut Pro offrent une fonction Conform que vous pouvez utiliser pour remettre la vidéo en 24 ips pour la monter en 24 ips dans Final Cut Pro. Consultez la section « Infos générales sur la vitesse de défilement des images » à la page 23 pour
des informations sur les problèmes de fréquence d’images.
Exportation de listes EDL 24 ips
Lorsque le système de montage 24p n’est pas un système Final Cut Pro, la meilleure façon
de fournir les informations de montage du projet consiste à exporter une liste EDL à partir
de Final Cut Pro, puis à importer cette dernière dans le système de montage online. Les listes EDL ne contiennent que les informations basiques relatives au projet de montage : les
points d’entrée et de sortie pour les deux premières pistes vidéo et les quatre premières pistes audio, des informations sur les transitions simples et tout commentaire que vous avez
ajouté. Cinema Tools donne à Final Cut Pro la capacité d’exporter les listes EDL à 24 ips.
Pour exporter une liste EDL 24 ips à partir de Final Cut Pro :
1 Dans la Chronologie de Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez la séquence pour laquelle vous
voulez exporter une liste EDL.
2 Choisissez Fichier > Exporter > EDL.
3 Configurez la zone de dialogue « Options d’exportation EDL » comme il se doit, puis
cliquez sur OK.
4 Choisissez le nom et l’emplacement du fichier EDL et cliquez sur Enregistrer.
Consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour des détails sur l’exportation de listes
EDL et la configuration de la zone de dialogue EDL Export Options.
Conversion de listes EDL NTSC en 24 ips
Il se peut que vous décidiez de monter la version NTSC convertie à la baisse de la vidéo
24p en utilisant une base temps 29,97 ips NTSC standard. Sachez toutefois que la plupart des systèmes de montage online 24p requièrent une liste EDL 23,98 ips ou 24 ips.
Cinema Tools comporte une fonction permettant de convertir des listes EDL 29,97 ips
NTSC en 23,98 ips ou 24 ips. Vous pouvez ainsi réaliser un montage offline de votre
vidéo 24P convertie à la baisse sur un système NTSC, puis exporter une liste EDL convertible et utilisable par un système online.
Remarque : Cinema Tools ne gère pas la conversion de listes EDL PAL en 24 ips.
Pour convertir une liste EDL NTSC en 24 ips, il faut convertir le fichier de la liste EDL
au format CMX 3600 ou GVG. La base de données Cinema Tools n’est pas nécessaire.Chapitre 11 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P et de listes EDL 24 ips 217
II
Pour convertir une liste EDL NTSC en 24 ips :
1 Dans Cinema Tools, choisissez File > Export > Converted EDL > 24 FPS from 30 FPS.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’ouvre, localisez et choisissez le fichier EDL à convertir.
3 Dans la suivante, choisissez le nom et l’emplacement du fichier à créer, puis cliquez sur Save.
Le nouveau fichier EDL est identique à celui d’origine, à l’exception des valeurs de timecode
et de durée des effets qui ont été converties afin de correspondre à la nouvelle vitesse de
défilement.
Important : le timecode 24P est toujours non-drop frame et le timecode NTSC à convertir
doit l’être également. Cinema Tools ne vous empêche pas de convertir une liste EDL NTSC
basée sur un timecode drop frame, mais il la traite comme s’il s’agissait d’un timecode
non-drop frame. La liste EDL 24 ips exportée comportera des erreurs et Cinema Tools
insère un message d’avertissement dans la liste EDL.
Vous pouvez désormais importer les listes EDL à 24 ips dans Final Cut Pro en suivant
les instructions fournis à la section « Importation de listes EDL 24 ips » à la page 214.
À propos des questions de proportions
Lorsque vous capturez de la vidéo NTSC ou PAL à partir de sources 24P, vous devez
généralement décider comment gérer leurs différences de proportions.
La vidéo SD (NTSC ou PAL) a des proportions de 4:3 (1,33). La hauteur de l’image équivaut donc à 75% de sa largeur. De nombreux formats 24p utilisent des proportions de
16:9 (1,78) plus proche des proportions habituelles du film de 1,85 et identiques aux
formats HD de diffusion écran large.
De nombreux magnétoscopes HD peuvent convertir à la baisse de la vidéo 16:9 en
vidéo 4:3 SD. Les systèmes Final Cut Pro qui ne sont pas capables de capturer de la
vidéo 24p directement peuvent réaliser la capture à l’aide d’une de ces sorties vidéo SD
pour le montage.
Consultez le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Final Cut Pro pour des informations détaillées sur
les options pour la conversion de vidéo 16:9 en vidéo 4:3.218 Partie II Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
Ajout et suppression du pulldown dans les plans 24P
Cinema Tools et Final Cut Pro possèdent des fonctions d’ajout et de suppression de pulldown qui permettent de régler des problèmes propres à la manipulation de vidéo 24P.
Comme cela a déjà été expliqué dans la section « Infos générales sur la vitesse de défilement des images » à la page 23, le pulldown est un processus qui ajoute des trames
redondantes à la vidéo afin de répartir 24 images par seconde sur les 29,97 images par
seconde du standard NTSC. Certains caméscopes, tel que le modèle AG-DVX100 de Panasonic, sont conçus pour filmer en mode progressif à 24 ips (23,98 ips, exactement), puis
enregistrer la vidéo sur bande sous forme d’un signal entrelacé de 60 trames, en appliquant un type particulier de pulldown nommé pulldown 2:3:3:2 avancé. Avec Final Cut Pro
ou Cinema Tools, vous pouvez supprimer les trames redondantes créées par le pulldown
de la caméra afin de pouvoir procéder au montage à 23,98 ips ou 24 ips.
Dans le cas d’un montage à 23,98 ips, il se peut que vous deviez sortir la vidéo sur un
moniteur NTSC, l’enregistrer sur une cassette NTSC ou l’envoyer à un autre type d’appareil NTSC. Sachant que le standard NTSC suppose une vitesse de défilement de 29,97 ips,
Final Cut Pro vous permet de rajouter le pulldown à la vidéo lorsque vous la sortez. Pour
répondre à divers cas de figure, Final Cut Pro fournit plusieurs modèles de pulldown permettant de sortir votre vidéo à 23,98 ips comme vidéo à 29,97 ips : pulldown 3:2, 2:3:3:2
et 2:2:2:4. (Ces modèles sont décrits dans la section « Modèles de pulldown applicables à
la vidéo 23,98 ips » à la page 225.)
Les sections suivantes présentent plusieurs modes d’utilisation de Final Cut Pro ou de
Cinema Tools pour supprimer le pulldown 2:3:3:2 avancé ou le pulldown 2:3:2:3 des
plans vidéonumériques. Vous pouvez ainsi :
 utiliser Final Cut Pro pour supprimer le pulldown 2:3:3:2 pendant ou après la phase
de capture,
 utiliser Cinema Tools pour supprimer le pulldown 2:3:3:2 ou 2:3:2:3 sur un plan à
la fois,
 utiliser Cinema Tools pour supprimer le pulldown 2:3:3:2 ou 2:3:2:3 sur plusieurs
plans à la fois.
En quoi consiste le pulldown 2:3:2:3 ?
Le modèle de pulldown 2:3:2:3 est identique à celui du pulldown 3:2, sauf qu’il
s’applique à l’aide d’un caméscope numérique (et non à l’aide de tout autre type
d’équipement capable d’appliquer ce même modèle). Dans le présent manuel, nous
utilisons le terme 2:3:2:3 pour faire référence au pulldown réalisé par les caméscopes
vidéo numériques 24p. Ce type de pulldown peut être supprimé à l’aide de la forme
automatisée de télécinéma inversé décrite à la section « Suppression de pulldown
2:3:3:2 ou 2:3:2:3 avec Cinema Tools » à la page 221.Chapitre 11 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P et de listes EDL 24 ips 219
II
Utilisation du pulldown 2:3:3:2
Certains caméscopes, tels que le modèle AG-DVX100 de Panasonic, sont conçus pour
filmer en mode progressif à 24 ips (23,98, exactement), puis enregistrer la vidéo sur
bande sous forme de signal entrelacé de 60 trames en appliquant le pulldown 2:3:3:2.
Le pulldown 2:3:3:2 est semblable, par son concept, au pulldown 3:2, mais possède un
autre modèle de répétition des trames, comme illustré ci-après.
Il y a quelques avantages à filmer avec le pulldown 2:3:3:2, puis à le supprimer plutôt
que d’utiliser le pulldown 3:2 :
 Final Cut Pro peut facilement supprimer le pulldown 2:3:3:2 pendant la capture afin que
vous puissiez monter de la vidéo progressive en 24 ips (à 23,98 ips pour être précis).
A A B B B C C C D D A A B B B C C C D D A A B B C C C D D A A B B B D B C C C D D A B A B B C C C D A B A B B C C C D D
Avant
(23,98 ips)
A B C D A D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D B C
2:3:3:2 Pulldown
Après
(29,97 ips)
Une seconde
A B C D
A A B B B C C C D D
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2220 Partie II Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
 Contrairement au pulldown 3:2, la suppression du pulldown 2:3:3:2 ne requiert pas
un nouvel effort de compression et de création d’images, ce qui procure une meilleure
qualité d’image. Final Cut Pro élimine les trames redondantes en retirant simplement
les images contenant des trames comprenant deux images différentes (images géné-
rées à partir de deux images originales distincte). Seules les images contenant une
seule image fixe sont conservées, ce qui donne un résultat plus net.
Vous pouvez supprimer le pulldown 2:3:3:2 soit avec Final Cut Pro lors de la capture
des données source, soit avec Final Cut Pro ou Cinema Tools après la capture.
Remarque : pour en savoir plus sur l’application (plutôt que la suppression) du pulldown 2:3:3:2 à une vidéo, consultez la section « Pulldown 2:3:3:2 » à la page 226.
Suppression de pulldown 2:3:3:2 avec Final Cut Pro
Vous pouvez supprimer le pulldown 2:3:3:2 avec Final Cut Pro soit lors de la capture
de la vidéo soit après la capture des plans.
Pour supprimer le pulldown lors de la capture à partir d’une source vidéo numérique :
1 Dans Final Cut Pro, choisissez Final Cut Pro > Réglages audio/vidéo.
2 Cliquez sur l’onglet Prérég. de capture.
3 Sélectionnez le préréglage souhaité et cliquez sur Modifier.
4 Sélectionnez « Supprimer le pulldown avancé et/ou les images en doube des sources
FireWire ».
A A B B B C C C D D A A B B B C C C D D A A B B C C C D D A A B B B D B C C C D D A B A B B C C C D A B A B B C C C D D
A B C D A D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D B C
A B C D
A A B B C D D
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
C
Field
2
Field
2
Field
1
B
Field
1
C
Field
2
Avant
(29,97 ips)
Après
(23,98 ips)
Une seconde
2:3:3:2 Suppression du pulldownChapitre 11 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P et de listes EDL 24 ips 221
II
Après avoir supprimé le pulldown 2:3:3:2, il se peut que vous deviez sortir la vidéo en y
rajoutant le pulldown 2:3:3:2, afin de la capturer à nouveau avec la caméra. Dans le cas
d’une diffusion ou d’une distribution au format NTSC, vous pouvez appliquer le pulldown 3:2 plus répandu. La sortie vidéo 24P peut s’effectuer dans l’un de ces modèles
de pulldown. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Modèles de pulldown applicables à la
vidéo 23,98 ips » à la page 225.
Pour supprimer le pulldown dans Final Cut Pro après la capture :
1 Dans Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez les plans ou le programme.
2 Choisissez Outils > Supprimer le pulldown avancé.
Suppression de pulldown 2:3:3:2 ou 2:3:2:3 avec Cinema Tools
Dans les plans capturés à partir de caméscopes vidéo numériques en 24p, comme,
par exemple, le caméscope Panasonic AG-DVX100, les informations du modèle de pulldown (on parle aussi de cadence) sont intégrées d’une façon lisible pour Cinema Tools.
Si Cinema Tools détecte ces informations de cadence lorsque vous utilisez la fonction
Reverse Telecine, la zone de dialogue Automated Reverse Telecine apparaît. Il s’agit
d’une version simplifiée de la zone de dialogue Reverse Telecine.
Remarque : la fonction Reverse Telecine ne peut pas être utilisée avec de la vidéo comprimée dans le temps, comme, par exemple, la vidéo au format MPEG-2.
Vous pouvez utiliser le télécinéma inversé automatisé pour supprimer le pulldown soit
d’un plan à la fois soit d’un groupe de plans (par lot).
Pour utiliser le télécinéma inversé automatisé dans le but de supprimer le pulldown
dans un seul plan :
1 Choisissez File > Open Clip, puis sélectionnez le plan voulu dans la zone de dialogue.
2 Dans la fenêtre Clip, cliquez sur Reverse Telecine.
3 Choisissez une vitesse de défilement dans le menu local Conform.
 23.98 : cette vitesse est utile si vous comptez utiliser ultérieurement la fonction pulldown de Final Cut Pro qui permet de sortir la vidéo 23,98 ips à 29,97 ips. (Consultez
la section « Modèles de pulldown applicables à la vidéo 23,98 ips » à la page 225
pour en savoir plus.)
 24.0 : vous pouvez avoir intérêt à conformer et à monter les plans à cette vitesse si
vous comptez les inclure à un projet contenant d’autres plans à exactement 24 ips.
Remarque : si le plan contient à la fois la vidéo et l’audio et si vous choisissez 24.0
dans ce menu local, la fonction Reverse Telecine accélère très légèrement l’audio
pour qu’elle soit synchrone avec la vitesse de 24 ips et non de 23,98.
Choisissez une vitesse de
défilement dans le menu
local.222 Partie II Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
4 Sélectionnez New (smaller) ou Same (faster) afin de préciser le type de fichier que vous
voulez créer :
 New (smaller) : crée un fichier de données ne contenant pas les images supplémentaires insérées par le pulldown. La taille du nouveau fichier est environ 20 pour cent
plus petite, mais cette méthode est plus lente. Que le fichier original soit une référence
ou autonome, cette méthode crée un fichier autonome. (Consultez la section
« La différence entre les fichiers de données autonomes et les fichiers de données de
référence » à la page 149 pour en savoir plus.)
 Same (faster) : modifie le fichier de données courant afin que les images supplémentaires ne soient pas visibles par le système de montage, mais sans supprimer ces données
du fichier. Ce processus est plus rapide, mais ne réduit pas la taille du fichier. Le fichier
qui en résulte est autonome s’il était autonome à l’origine ou une référence s’il était
une référence.
À propos de la vérification de discontinuité de la cadence : en supprimant le pulldown,
Cinema Tools recherche d’éventuels trous dans la cadence du pulldown. S’il en trouve,
il ajuste le traitement pour s’accommoder de ces discontinuités. Une discontinuité de
cadence peut se produire si un enregistrement a été arrêté puis relancé à un autre
point dans la séquence de cinq images.
Cette vérification demande plus de temps pour l’option Same que pour l’option New.
Par conséquent, si vous sélectionnez Same (faster), vous pouvez décocher la case
« Check for cadence discontinuities » afin d’accélérer le traitement.
Remarque : si cette case est décochée et que le plan présente des discontinuités de
cadence, ou si la cadence passe de 2:3:3:2 à 2:3:2:3 (ou à tout autre modèle) en milieu
de plan car les réglages ont été modifiés en cours d’enregistrement, le télécinéma
inversé ne peut pas être correctement appliqué à ce plan.
5 Cliquez sur OK pour lancer le processus de suppression de pulldown.
Si vous avez sélectionné l’option New file, vous devez préciser le nom et l’emplacement du nouveau plan. Si le plan d’origine était connecté à un enregistrement de base
de données, le nouveau plan inversé remplace cette connexion (qu’il écrase ou non
l’ancien plan).
Si vous sélectionnez New,
l’option « Check for cadence
discontinuities » est activée.
Pour Same, vous pouvez
désélectionner cette option
pour accélérer le traitement.
Si vous sélectionnez
New, le fichier sera plus
petit. Si vous sélectionnez Same, le traitement
sera plus rapide.Chapitre 11 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P et de listes EDL 24 ips 223
II
Pour utiliser le télécinéma inversé par lot automatisé dans le but de supprimer
le pulldown de plusieurs plans à la fois :
1 Placez tous les plans à traiter dans le même dossier. (Assurez-vous que tous ont été
capturés à l’aide d’un caméscope numérique 24P.)
2 Choisissez File > Batch Reverse Telecine.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’affiche, sélectionnez n’importe quel fichier de plan
source dans le dossier contenant les plans à traiter, puis cliquez sur Choose.
4 Choisissez une vitesse de défilement dans le menu local Conform.
 23.98 : cette vitesse est utile si vous comptez utiliser ultérieurement la fonction pulldown de Final Cut Pro qui permet de sortir la vidéo 23,98 ips à 29,97 ips (Consultez
la section « Modèles de pulldown applicables à la vidéo 23,98 ips » à la page 225
pour en savoir plus.)
 24.0 : vous pouvez avoir intérêt à conformer et à monter les plans à cette vitesse si
vous comptez les inclure à un projet contenant d’autres plans à exactement 24 ips.
Remarque : si le plan contient à la fois la vidéo et l’audio et si vous choisissez 24.0
dans ce menu local, la fonction Reverse Telecine accélère très légèrement l’audio
pour qu’elle soit synchrone avec la vitesse de 24 ips et non de 23,98.
5 Sélectionnez New (smaller) ou Same (faster) afin de préciser le type de fichier que vous
voulez créer :
 New (smaller) : crée des fichiers de plan ne contenant pas les images supplémentaires introduites par le pulldown. La taille des nouveaux fichiers est environ 20 pour
cent plus petite, mais cette méthode est plus lente. Que les fichiers originaux soient
des références ou autonomes, cette méthode crée des fichiers autonomes. (Consultez la section « La différence entre les fichiers de données autonomes et les fichiers
de données de référence » à la page 149 pour en savoir plus.)
Si vous sélectionnez New (smaller), vous pouvez également choisir de conserver
ou de supprimer les fichiers de plan d’origine. Pour enregistrer les plans d’origine
dans un dossier distinct, cochez la case Keep Originals.
Choisissez une vitesse de
défilement dans le menu
local.224 Partie II Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
 Same (faster) : modifie le fichier du plan sélectionné de sorte que ses images surnuméraires ne soient plus visible pour le système de montage, mais ces données ne
sont pas supprimées du fichier. Ce processus est plus rapide, mais ne réduit pas la
taille du fichier. Le fichier qui en résulte est autonome s’il était autonome à l’origine
ou une référence s’il était une référence.
À propos de la vérification de discontinuité de la cadence : en supprimant le pulldown,
Cinema Tools recherche d’éventuels trous dans la cadence du pulldown. S’il en trouve,
il ajuste le traitement pour s’accommoder de ces discontinuités. Une discontinuité de
cadence peut se produire si un enregistrement a été arrêté puis relancé à un autre
point dans la séquence de cinq images.
Cette vérification demande plus de temps pour l’option Same que pour l’option New.
Par conséquent, si vous sélectionnez Same (faster), vous pouvez décocher la case
« Check for cadence discontinuities » afin d’accélérer le traitement.
Remarque : si cette case est décochée et que le plan présente des discontinuités de
cadence, ou si la cadence passe de 2:3:3:2 à 2:3:2:3 (ou à tout autre modèle) en milieu
de plan car les réglages ont été modifiés en cours d’enregistrement, le télécinéma
inversé ne peut pas être correctement appliqué à ce plan.
6 Cliquez sur OK pour lancer la suppression de pulldown.
Une fois le processus terminé, la situation est la suivante :
 Si vous avez sélectionné New (smaller), un nouveau plan portant le même nom que
l’original est créé pour chaque plan du dossier. Ce nouveau plan est placé dans un
sous-dossier créé par Cinema Tools et nommé Reversed. Si vous avez sélectionné Keep
Originals, les fichiers d’origine sont placés dans un sous-dossier créé par Cinema Tools
et nommé Originals. Si vous avez sélectionné Same (faster), les nouvelles versions des
plans remplacent les versions antérieures dans leur dossier d’origine.
 Si Cinema Tools ne peut effectuer le processus de télécinéma inverse pour un plan, ce
dernier est transféré à un sous-dossier Cinema Tools nommé Skipped. Un plan n’est pas
traité s’il est dépourvu de piste vidéo, si sa vitesse n’est pas compatible, si ce plan ne
contient pas d’informations sur la cadence ou si aucun codec n’est disponible pour la
piste vidéo.
Si vous choisissez Same, vous
pouvez désactiver l’option
« Check for cadence
discontinuities » afin d’accélérer
le traitement. Si vous choisissez
New, l’option « Selecting Keep
Originals » enregistre les plans
originaux dans un dossier.
Si vous sélectionnez
New, le fichier sera plus
petit. Si vous sélectionnez Same, le traitement
sera plus rapide.Chapitre 11 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P et de listes EDL 24 ips 225
II
 Un fichier texte nommé « reverse.log » apparaît au premier niveau du dossier par lequel
vous avez commencé. Ce fichier précise la date et l’heure du lancement et de la fin du
processus, ainsi que l’heure de début de chaque plan. Si des problèmes surgissent, tels
qu’un manque d’espace disque ou de mémoire, un message d’erreur décrivant le problème apparaît également dans l’historique.
Modèles de pulldown applicables à la vidéo 23,98 ips
Dans le cas d’un montage vidéo à 23,98 ips, il se peut que vous deviez sortir la vidéo sur
un moniteur NTSC, l’enregistrer sur une cassette NTSC ou l’envoyer à un autre type d’appareil NTSC. Vous disposez pour cela de la fonction d’ajout de pulldown de Final Cut Pro.
L’ajout de pulldown est une méthode logicielle de conversion de vidéo 23,98 ips en vidéo
NTSC 29,97 ips.
Final Cut Pro peut appliquer plusieurs modèles de pulldowns à une vidéo 23,98 ips.
Pulldown 3:2
Le pulldown 3:2 est du même type que celui utilisé par le télécinéma, comme décrit
à la section « Réalisation d’un 3:2 pulldown » à la page 23. Comme le modèle 3:2 est le
modèle de pulldown généralement pris en charge par les appareils NTSC, vous devez l’utiliser pour enregistrer sur un appareil NTSC tel qu’un téléviseur SD, un encodeur MPEG-2 ou
un système de finalisation haut de gamme.
Avant
(23,98 ips)
A B A B B C C D D D
A B C D A D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D B C
A A B B B C C D D D A A B B B C C D D D A A B B C C D D D A A B B B D B C C D D D A B A B B C C D D
A B C D
A A B B B C C D D D
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
3:2 Pulldown
Après
(29,97 ips)
Une seconde226 Partie II Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
Pulldown 2:3:3:2
Le pulldown 2:3:3:2 constitue un autre type de pulldown que vous pouvez utiliser.
Comme pour le pulldown 3:2, le « 3 » du modèle représente trois trames, une trame
redondante étant ajoutée aux deux trames originales de l’image. Consultez la section
« Utilisation du pulldown 2:3:3:2 » à la page 219 pour en savoir plus sur ce modèle et
ses avantages.
Bien que le modèle 3:2 soit traditionnellement pris en charge par les appareils NTSC,
il est conseillé d’utiliser le pulldown 2:3:3:2 pour sortir de la vidéo que vous pouvez
enregistrer sur bande et, plus tard, la reconvertir en 23,98 ips en profitant des avantages de la suppression du 2:3:3:2 (possibilité de supprimer le pulldown sans qu’il soit
nécessaire de compresser et de créer à nouveau des images).
Pulldown 2:2:2:4
Le modèle de pulldown 2:2:2:4 n’est pas toujours pris en charge par les appareils d’enregistrement ou les caméras, mais comme il requiert le moins de puissance de traitement,
c’est un bon choix si vous montez de la vidéo à 23,98 ips et souhaitez la visionner avec
autant d’effets en temps réel que possible sur un moniteur NTSC. Ce modèle s’avère également utile si vous devez afficher la vidéo provenant d’un ordinateur plus ancien et plus
lent (ou d’un ordinateur supportant une charge de traitement élevée) qui provoque des
pertes d’images lorsque vous essayez d’utiliser le pulldown 3:2 ou 2:3:3:2.
A A B B C C D D D D A A B B C C D D D D A A B B C D D D D A A B C C D B B D C D D D A B A B C D C D D A B A C D C D D D
A B C D
A A B B C C D D D D
Field
1
D
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Une seconde
Avant
(23,98 ips)
A B C D A D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D B C
2:2:2:4 Pulldown
Après
(29,97 ips)Chapitre 11 Utilisation de la vidéo 24P et de listes EDL 24 ips 227
II
Ajout d’un pulldown à une vidéo de 23,98 ips
Final Cut Pro vous permet d’ajouter un pulldown à une vidéo de 23,98 ips lors de sa sortie via FireWire. Comme expliqué à la section précédente, l’opération présente un intérêt
lors du montage d’une vidéo de 23,98 ips que vous voulez sortir sur un appareil NTSC.
Important : un périphérique FireWire doit être connecté à votre ordinateur et la
séquence doit avoir une base temps de 23,98 ips pour que les options de pulldown
apparaissent. Elles n’apparaissent pas si la séquence a une base temps de 24 ips.
Pour rajouter un pulldown lors de l’envoi d’un signal vidéo de 23,98 ips à un périphérique NTSC via FireWire :
1 Dans Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez la séquence dans la Chronologie.
2 Choisissez le type de pulldown à utiliser dans le menu local Real-Time Effects (RT),
dans la Chronologie.
Consultez la section « Modèles de pulldown applicables à la vidéo 23,98 ips » à la
page 225 pour des détails sur les modèles disponibles.
3 Sortez la vidéo via votre connexion FireWire.
Consultez la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour des détails sur la sortie de vidéo.
Le pulldown est effectué sur la vidéo envoyée de votre ordinateur via FireWire.
Utilisation de listes EDL audio pour le son à deux systèmes
À l’instar des productions sur film, les productions en vidéo 24P utilisent également un
enregistreur audio distinct pour séparer l’enregistrement du son et des images. On parle
souvent d’enregistrement de son à deux systèmes. Ce son est souvent enregistré simultané-
ment sur la cassette vidéo du magnétoscope 24P, ce qui facilite la capture ultérieure de
la vidéo et du son, ce dernier étant déjà synchronisé avec les images pour le montage.
Bande vidéo
Système de
montage 24P
online
Master monté
achevé
Traitement
final du son
Magnétoscope
24P
Vidéo 24P
Bandes audio originales
Vidéo
synchronisée
Son synchronisé
Liste
EDL
24 ips
Liste
EDL
audio
Final Cut Pro avec
Cinema Tools
Mixeur audio
de production
Enregistreur
audio
Montage
offline
Base de données
pour l’exportation
de la liste EDL audio
Exportation
de la liste
EDL vidéo 228 Partie II Utilisation de la vidéo 24P
Dans la plupart des cas, une fois que vous avez fini le montage, vous voudrez recapturer l’audio à partir des bandes de production originales et le faire finaliser par un studio de postproduction audio. La difficulté, c’est que la liste EDL de Final Cut Pro ne
« connaît pas » les numéros de bande et les timecodes des bandes audio d’origine ;
elle ne contient que les informations sur la bande vidéo. Comme l’enregistreur audio
de production démarre et s’arrête indépendamment du magnétoscope, son timecode
ne correspond pas à celui de ce dernier.
À l’aide de sa fonction de base de données, Cinema Tools peut mettre en correspondance
les modifications en utilisant l’audio des bandes vidéo avec les bandes audio de production
originales et générer une liste EDL audio qui pourra ensuite être utilisée pour recapturer et
finaliser l’audio.
Pour utiliser cette fonction, vous devez d’abord créer une base de données Cinema Tools.
Consultez la section « Création et configuration d’une nouvelle base de données » à la
page 74 pour des détails sur la création d’une base de données et la section
« Exportation d’une liste EDL audio » à la page 193 pour des détails sur l’exportation
d’une liste EDL audio à partir de Cinema Tools.III
Partie III: Annexes
Ces annexes propose des informations complémentaires
générales sur l’utilisation de Cinema Tools. Le glossaire
et l’index peuvent vous aider à retrouver rapidement
les informations que vous cherchez.
Annexe A Principes généraux
Annexe B Création de listes de films avec Cinema Tools
Annexe C Solutions aux problèmes fréquents et assistance client
Glossaire
Index 231
A Annexe
A Principes généraux
Avant d’utiliser Cinema Tools pour monter votre film, il est utile de posséder quelques
connaissances générales sur les propriétés d’un film et d’être familiarisé avec les méthodes traditionnelles de montage. Cette annexe vous présente quelques informations
générales sur les films et les méthodes de montage traditionnelles et numériques.
La plupart de ces informations sont très générales et ne sont pas destinées à constituer
un guide exhaustif sur le traitement du film. Il existe une grande quantité de sources
d’informations qui pourront vous fournir des renseignements plus détaillés à ce sujet.
Notions élémentaires sur le film
Un certain nombre d’éléments permettent de distinguer les différents formats de film.
Les plus courants sont :
 le format d’image,
 la disposition des perforations par image sur le côté de la bande,
 les codes de bordure, comprenant les numéros de bord et la codification manuelle,
 la vitesse de défilement (le nombre d’images par secondes).
Les sections suivantes traitent de ces points en relation avec Cinema Tools.232 Partie III Annexes
Le format d’image
Cinema Tools prend en charge deux formats de film courants : le 16 mm et le 35 mm.
Le rapport hauteur/largeur de chaque format est différent.
En raison de son moindre coût, le 16 mm est habituellement utilisé pour les productions à petits budgets. Si vous avez l’intention de filmer en 16 mm mais de sortir votre
projet en 35 mm à 4 perforations, il est préférable d’utiliser une pellicule Super 16 mm.
Elle est perforée sur un seul côté et son format d’image plus grand s’adapte mieux au
rapport hauteur/largeur du 35 mm 4-perf.
La pellicule 35 mm est habituellement utilisée pour les salles de cinéma, la version à 4
perforations par image (4-perf) étant la plus courante. Une autre version utilise 3 perforations par image. Il existe d’autres versions du format 35 mm, comme, par exemple, le
format à 8 perforations, mais elles ne sont actuellement pas prises en charge par
Cinema Tools.
Perforations
Les caméras et le matériel de projection utilisent des perforations (également appelées
trous d’entraînement) situées le long d’un ou des deux côtés de la pellicule pour la faire
passer devant l’obturateur.
Format 16 mm Super 16mm
Format 35 mm
4-perf
Format 35 mm
3-perfAnnexe A Principes généraux 233
III
Film 16 mm
Le film 16 mm a une seule perforation par image, ce qui donne 40 perforations par
pied. Le 16 mm existe en version perforé d’un seul côté (ce qui laisse de la place pour
une piste optique ou, dans le cas du film Super 16 mm, pour une image plus grande)
et perforé des deux côtés (perforations le long des deux bordures). Cinema Tools prend
en charge les films 16 mm perforés d’un seul côté et des deux côtés à condition qu’ils
possèdent un numéro de clé toutes les 20 images. Consultez la section « Numéros de
bord » à la page 234 pour en savoir plus.
Film 35 mm
Le film 35 mm a 64 perforations par pied. Cinema Tools prend en charge les formats
35 mm à 4 perforations et 35 mm à 3 perforations pour tous les types de listes de film et
de listes des modifications. Ces derniers sont, de loin, les formats 35 mm les plus courants.
Le format de film 35 mm à 4 perforations a 16 images par pied. Le format 35 mm
à 3 perforations ne possède pas un nombre entier d’images par pied (il y en a 21
et un tiers par pied). Pour éviter de devoir gérer des fractions d’images, on considère
que le format 35 mm à 3 perforations est composé d’une succession de motifs composés
de deux pieds à 21 images suivis d’un pied à 22 images. Consultez la section « Décalages
35 mm à 3 perforations » à la page 235 pour en savoir plus.
Code de bordure du film
Pour faciliter la localisation d’images spécifiques, les fabricants de films placent des chiffres le long de la bordure du film. Ces numéros de bord (également appelés code de bordure latent) n’apparaissent qu’une fois le film développé. Pour les copies de travail, les
laboratoires peuvent ajouter des numéros appelés codification manuelle (également
appelée codification Acmade).
Les codes de bordure sont essentiels à votre base de données Cinema Tools car ils vous
permettent d’exporter des cut lists ou des listes de modification qui spécifient précisé-
ment où vos négatifs ou copies de travail doivent être coupés afin de correspondre à
vos coupes numériques.234 Partie III Annexes
Numéros de bord
Les numéros de bord fournissent à la fois un numéro d’identification pour chaque
bobine de film et une numérotation permettant d’identifier des images spécifiques.
Ils apparaissent souvent à la fois comme texte normal et comme code à barres.
Chaque format de film utilise les numéros de bord de manière différente :
 Les films au format 16 mm peuvent contenir un numéro de bord toutes les 20 images
(type le plus courant) ou 40 images, selon l’émulsion cinématographique. Cinema Tools
prend en charge le format 16 mm-20.
 Le film 35 mm a un numéro de clé toutes les 64 perforations (ce qui équivaut à toutes les 16 images avec le format à 4 perforations ou toutes les 21 images et un tiers
avec le format à 3 perforations).
Contrairement au timecode vidéo qui comporte un numéro par image vidéo, les numéros
de bord n’apparaissent pas sur chaque image de la pellicule. C’est pourquoi, lorsque l’on
identifie une image donnée dans un relevé ou dans Cinema Tools, les numéros de bord
comportent une extension permettant de spécifier chaque image. L’extension « +08 »
ajoutée à un numéro de bord indique qu’il s’agit de la huitième image à partir de la première de ce numéro de bord.
Numéro de bordAnnexe A Principes généraux 235
III
Dans l’illustration précédente, le numéro de clé réel de l’image du centre est
KJ 29 1234 5678+00. L’extension « • » suivant le numéro indique l’image 00 du numéro
de clé. (Sur une pellicule 4-perf, comme celle de l’illustration, il y a 16 images par
numéro de bord, la première correspondant à « 00 ».) L’image de droite a donc
le numéro de clé KJ 29 1234 5678+01. L’image de gauche est la dernière image du
numéro de clé précédent, KJ 29 1234 5677+15. (Le film 16 mm place le symbole « • »
au début du numéro de clé.)
La pellicule 35 mm comprend également des marqueurs tous les demi pied, à mi-chemin
entre les marqueurs d’image zéro. Ils permettent de localiser plus facilement le point
médian (l’image « +08 » dans l’exemple précédent) et de diminuer les risques d’erreur
de décompte. Ces marqueurs utilisent le même numéro de bord en y ajoutant « +32 »
(indiquant le numéro de perforation et non le numéro d’image) dans une taille de police
plus petite.
Décalages 35 mm à 3 perforations
Comme le format 35 mm à 3 perforations ne possède pas un nombre d’images entier
entre les numéros de clé, un numéro de décalage de perforation supplémentaire est
ajouté à la fin du numéro de clé. Ce numéro indique la relation de la perforation marquée d’un « • » avec l’image à cette position.
Codification manuelle
La codification manuelle, souvent utilisée pour les copies de travail, est une méthode supplémentaire de codification sur la bordure de la pellicule permettant de mesurer le pié-
tage et de compter les images. La codification manuelle est ajoutée aux copies de travail
et aux bandes (son des bandes magnétiques correspondantes) une fois la copie de travail et la bande son synchronisées. Sur les copies de travail transférées, la codification
manuelle est plus facile à lire que les numéros de bord et elle constitue un mécanisme de
comptage synchronisé pour la bande-son et la copie de travail. La codification manuelle
est parfois appelée codification Acmade car Acmade est le constructeur d’une machine
utilisée pour l’impression de codification manuelle. Ces machines sont habituellement
louées ou sont la propriété des équipes de tournage qui les utilisent.
Décalage 1
Décalage 2
Décalage 3236 Partie III Annexes
La codification manuelle est habituellement constituée d’un préfixe à trois chiffres, d’un
caractère ou d’une espace, de quatre chiffres représentant le numéro du métrage et de
chiffres représentant la vue de référence. Dans la codification manuelle 123 4567 +08,
par exemple, « 123 » est le préfixe et « 4567+08 » est le numéro d’image, indiquant que
l’image se trouve à 4567 pieds et 8 images. En réalité, la codification manuelle indiquée sur la pellicule ne comprend pas la dernière partie (le numéro de la vue de réfé-
rence). Cette dernière est calculée lors du transfert télécinéma et apparaît dans la liste
télécinéma.
Le nombre de chiffres constituant le préfixe peut être supérieur ou inférieur à trois et
la méthode de numérotation utilisée est habituellement déterminée par un assistant
monteur. La numérotation pourrait, par exemple, être associée au numéro de scène,
tel que « 042 » pour le métrage de la scène 42, ou les préfixes pourraient représenter
les numéros de bobines journalières.
Fenêtre d’affichage
Lors du processus de transfert télécinéma (décrit dans la section « Transfert du film sur
bande vidéo » à la page 19), le numéro de bord est habituellement incrusté dans l’image
vidéo (en même temps que le timecode vidéo et audio) afin de faciliter l’identification
d’images particulières. On appelle ces codes incrustés la fenêtre d’affichage.
Cinema Tools s’avère bien plus simple à utiliser si les numéros de bord sont visibles. Il est
possible d’utiliser Cinema Tools sans la fenêtre d’affichage, mais cela demandera plus
d’efforts de votre part pour vous assurer que les coupes sont correctement détectées.
Remarque : une fois vos images vidéo capturées, mais avant le montage, vérifiez que les
numéros de bord et le timecode incrustés correspondent à ceux de la pellicule et de la
bande vidéo. Une erreur à ce stade entraînerait de sérieux problèmes lors de la conformation du négatif. La méthode la plus courante pour vérifier ces codes est de demander au
laboratoire ou au studio de transfert de perforer ou d’appliquer une marque sur une
image de la pellicule, de noter son numéro de bord et de le comparer au numéro de
bord incrusté lors du visionnage de la vidéo transférée.Annexe A Principes généraux 237
III
Vitesse de défilement
Un film possède normalement une fréquence d’images de 24 images par secondes (ips).
Ce qui veut dire qu’une nouvelle image est exposée ou projetée 24 fois par seconde. Afin
de faciliter la conversion aux vitesses de défilement vidéo, il est courant de faire tourner
le film à d’autres vitesses que 24 ips durant le transfert télécinéma. Cinema Tools prend
en charge les films transférés sur bande vidéo à des vitesses de télécinéma de 23,98 ips,
24 ips, 25 ips et 29,97 ips (souvent appelé 30 ips). Pour de plus amples renseignements
sur la vitesse de défilement, consultez la section « Infos générales sur la vitesse de défilement des images » à la page 23 .
Montage selon les méthodes traditionnelles
La procédure traditionnelle de montage a peu évolué au fil du temps. Alors que le maté-
riel utilisé a connu de profondes améliorations, les étapes du processus sont restées fondamentalement les mêmes. Vous trouverez ci-dessous le déroulement simplifié du processus
de montage d’un film.
Remarquez que le négatif original n’est presque pas utilisé pendant la partie créative
du montage. Le négatif doit être manipulé aussi peu que possible, par des professionnels et dans un environnement adéquat, afin d’éviter tout risque d’endommagement.
Étape 1 : tournage et enregistrement du son
Le son est toujours enregistré séparément sur un enregistreur audio indépendant. On
appelle ce procédé le tournage à système sonore séparé. Au moment de tourner le film,
vous devez inclure une méthode de synchronisation du son et de l’image. La méthode
la plus courante consiste à utiliser un clap (également appelé ardoise ou claquette) au
début de chaque prise. Il existe de nombreuses autres méthodes utilisables, l’idée étant
d’utiliser un signal court et ponctuel, à la fois audible et visible (il faut que l’on voie ce
qui provoque le bruit).
Étape 2 : développement du film
La pellicule développée est appelée négatif de caméra original. Ce négatif sera conformé
afin de créer le film abouti et doit être manipulé avec soin pour éviter toute possibilité
de rayure ou de contamination. Le négatif est normalement utilisé pour créer une copie
de travail (film positif), puis mis de côté jusqu’à sa conformation.
Création
de la copie
de travail
Montage
de la copie
de travai
Montage de
pistes audio
de travail
Tournage
du film
Développement du
film
Création de
pistes audio
de travail
Enregistrement du son
Mixage de
pistes audio
Ajout de
bruitages
Conformation du
négatif original
à la copie
de travail
Création
de copies
d’exploitation
Négatif original
Bandes audio originales238 Partie III Annexes
Étape 3 : création de la copie de travail
La copie de travail est créée à partir du négatif original et vous fournit une copie du
film brut à utiliser pour le montage. Les copies de travail étant des épreuves positives
de la pellicule, elles peuvent être projetées et utilisées comme rushes, afin que vous
puissiez visualiser ce qui a été tourné.
Étape 4 : création de pistes audio de travail
Une piste de travail audio est comparable à la copie de travail du film: c’est la copie de la
bande-son à utiliser lors du montage. En fonction du type d’appareil de montage mécanique que vous compter utiliser, vous devrez souvent créer une piste audio de travail sur
bande magnétique. La bande magnétique, également appelée bande-son, utilise des perforations comme la pellicule, mais elle est recouverte d’un revêtement magnétique. Une fois
synchronisée avec le film sur la monteuse, le monteur fait défiler la bande-son et la copie
de travail en même temps, tout en maintenant leur synchronisation durant le montage.
Étape 5 : montage de la copie de travail
C’est à ce stade où vous décidez quelles parties du métrage vous voulez utiliser et de
la manière de les agencer. Le montage de la copie de travail implique de couper et de
coller sur chaque point de montage. Changer d’avis sur l’emplacement exact d’une
coupe ou essayer différents raccords prend du temps et a tendance à fragiliser la pellicule. (C’est cette partie du processus que le montage numérique facilite énormément.)
Lorsque vous êtes satisfait par la copie de travail montée, elle peut être envoyée au
monteur négatif.
Étape 6 : conformation du négatif
La copie de travail montée est utilisée comme guide pour le découpage du négatif original. Ce processus est appelé conformation. Étant donné qu’il n’y a qu’un seul négatif,
il est primordial de ne faire aucune erreur à ce stade. Contrairement aux méthodes de
découpe et de collage utilisées sur la copie de travail, les méthodes utilisées pour la
conformation du négatif détruisent les images de début et de fin du plan monté. Cela
rend l’allongement d’un montage virtuellement impossible et constitue l’une des raisons pour lesquelles vous devez être absolument sûr de vos points de coupe avant
d’entamer la conformation.
Étape 7 : montage du son
Le son est généralement monté « bout-à-bout » pendant le montage de la copie de travail. Pendant la conformation du négatif, le son est monté (à l’aide des bandes originales)
puis on y rajoute les bruitages et les modifications de dialogues nécessaires.Annexe A Principes généraux 239
III
Étape 8 : création des copies d’étalonnage et d’exploitation
Une fois que vous avez conformé le négatif original et terminé le montage audio, vous
pouvez créer une copie d’étalonnage. Cette copie est utilisée pour l’amélioration des couleurs finales, étape au cours de laquelle l’équilibre des couleurs et l’exposition de chaque
prise sont retouchés afin d’assurer le bon enchaînement des prises. Il peut s’avérer nécessaire de créer plusieurs copies d’étalonnage avant d’obtenir des résultats satisfaisants.
Une fois que la copie d’étalonnage vous convient, la copie d’exploitation est réalisée.
Montage à l’aide des méthodes numériques
Le processus de montage numérique de film est en constante évolution, mais le principe reste le même : vous commencez et vous finissez sur pellicule, seule le travail de
création du montage change. Vous trouverez ci-dessous le déroulement simplifié des
étapes de base. (Pour une explication détaillée de ces étapes, consultez le chapitre 2,
« Le flux de production de Cinema Tools », à la page 37.)
Bien que ce flux de production paraisse plus compliqué que la méthode de montage
traditionnelle, beaucoup de ces étapes peuvent être automatisées. Pour la plupart des
réalisateurs, la possibilité de faire le montage en numérique compense largement le
fait qu’il y ait des procédures supplémentaires.
De nombreuses étapes du montage numérique sont identiques à la méthode traditionnelle, seule la phase intermédiaire du montage est affectée par le montage numérique.
Étape 1 : tournage et enregistrement du son
Le son est toujours enregistré séparément sur un enregistreur audio indépendant.
On appelle ce procédé le tournage à système sonore séparé. Au moment de tourner le
film, vous devez inclure une méthode de synchronisation du son et de l’image. La
méthode la plus courante consiste à utiliser un clap (également appelé ardoise ou
claquette) au début de chaque prise. Il existe de nombreuses autres méthodes utilisables, l’idée étant d’utiliser un signal court et ponctuel, à la fois audible et visible (il
faut que l’on voie ce qui provoque le bruit).
Tournage
du
film
Mixage des
pistes audio
Ajout de
bruitages
Conformation
du négatif
original
à la cut list
Création
de copies
d’exploi-
tation
Conversion
en vidéo
avec un
télécinéma
Dévelop-
pement
du film
Décisions
de montage
Liste
télécinéma
Son pour le montage
Liste EDL
audio
Cut list
Négatif original
Bandes audio originales
Montage
vidéo
et audio
Final Cut Pro
Télécinéma inversé
Conformation
Capture
du son
Capture
de la
vidéo
Prépara-
tion des
plans
Enregis-
trement
du son
Cinema Tools
Base de données Cinema Tools
Exportation de la cut list en fonction du montage 240 Partie III Annexes
Étape 2 : développement du film
La pellicule développée est appelée le négatif de caméra original. Ce négatif sera utilisé
pour créer le film abouti et doit être manipulé avec soin pour éviter toute possibilité
de rayure ou de contamination. Le négatif est utilisé pour créer un transfert sur bande
vidéo (et habituellement une copie de travail comme dans la méthode traditionnelle)
puis mis de côté jusqu’à sa conformation.
Étape 3 : transfert du film sur bande vidéo
La première étape de la conversion du film vers un format utilisable dans Final Cut Pro
est le transfert sur vidéo, généralement à l’aide d’un télécinéma. Les télécinémas sont
des appareils qui numérisent une à une toutes les images d’un film à l’aide d’un capteur
CCD (charge-coupled device) pour les convertir en images vidéo. Bien que la vidéo
générée par le télécinéma ne soit utilisée que pour déterminer les points de coupe, il
est conseillé de réaliser un transfert de la meilleure qualité possible. Si vous décidez de
ne pas faire de copies de travail, c’est peut-être là votre unique chance de déceler des
éléments indésirables (comme une perche ou une ombre de micro dans le champ) dans
chaque prise avant de les valider. La version vidéo doit comporter le numéro de bord
du film, le timecode vidéo et le timecode audio incrustés sur chaque image.
Le format de bande vidéo utilisé pour le transfert est sans importance, tant que des
timecodes fiables sont utilisés. Vous pourrez ensuite capturer la vidéo et l’audio numé-
riquement sur ordinateur avant le montage. Vous pouvez néanmoins décider d’utiliser
le transfert vidéo pour créer également une version vidéo montée du projet, afin de
réaliser une bande annonce par exemple. Cela nécessite deux bandes vidéo réalisées
lors du transfert : une de qualité supérieure, sans fenêtre d’affichage et une autre avec
fenêtre d’affichage.
Il est fortement recommandé de synchroniser l’audio sur la vidéo, puis de l’enregistrer
sur la bande en même temps que la vidéo lors du transfert télécinéma. Il existe également certaines méthodes pour synchroniser l’audio une fois que le transfert télécinéma
est complet. Il est important de pouvoir capturer simultanément la vidéo et l’audio synchronisé avec Final Cut Pro.
Étape 4 : création d’une base de données Cinema Tools
La base de données de Cinema Tools constitue l’élément clé de son utilisation. Cette base
de données est semblable au « code book » (livre de codes) utilisé par les réalisateurs.
Elle contient des informations sur tous les éléments impliqués dans un projet, y compris
les numéros de bord du film, les timecodes vidéo et audio et les fichiers de plan utilisés
par Final Cut Pro. En fonction de votre situation, la base de données peut contenir soit
un enregistrement de chaque prise utilisée dans le montage, soit des enregistrements
uniques pour chaque bobine de pellicule. Le transfert pellicule/vidéo génère un journal
que Cinema Tools peut importer pour constituer sa base de données. C’est cette base
de données que Cinema Tools utilise pour faire correspondre vos montages Final Cut Pro
avec les numéros de clé du film en générant la cut list. Annexe A Principes généraux 241
III
Il n’est pas nécessaire que la base de données soit créée avant la capture du son et de
la vidéo, ou même avant qu’ils ne soient montés. Le seul impératif est qu’elle doit être
créée avant qu’une cut list ne puisse être exportée. L’atout que présente la création de
la base de données avant la capture de la vidéo et de l’audio est de permettre ensuite
de l’utiliser pour créer des listes de capture par lot, ce qui permet à Final Cut Pro de
capturer les plans. La base de données peut également être mise à jour et modifiée
pendant le montage.
Étape 5 : capture de la vidéo et du son
La vidéo crée au cours du processus de télécinéma doit être capturée sous la forme d’un
fichier numérique pouvant être monté avec Final Cut Pro. La méthode employée dépend
du format de la bande utilisée pour le transfert télécinéma et des performances de votre
ordinateur. Pour capturer des fichiers provenant d’une Betacam SP ou d’un magnétophone à bobines Digital Betacam, vous devez disposer d’une carte de capture de tierce
partie. Si vous utilisez une source DVCam, l’importation peut se faire directement via
FireWire. Pour pouvoir bénéficier de la fonctionnalité de capture par lot de Final Cut Pro,
vous devriez utiliser une source aux images précises et contrôlable par périphérique.
Contrairement à la vidéo capturée, qui n’est jamais utilisée dans le film final, le son monté
peut être utilisé. Vous pouvez décider de capturer le son à un niveau de qualité supérieur,
puis l’exporter une fois monté sous forme de fichier OMF (Open Media Framework) qui
peut être importé, pour la finition, sur une plateforme de travail DAW (Digital Audio
Workstation). Une autre façon de faire consiste à capturer l’audio en basse qualité, puis,
une fois le montage terminé, à exporter une liste EDL audio pouvant être utilisée par un
studio de postproduction audio où le son de production peut être capturé et traité en
très haute qualité.
Étape 6 : traitement des plans vidéo et audio
En fonction de la façon dont vous utilisez Cinema Tools, les plans capturés peuvent
être reliés à la base de données Cinema Tools. Ils peuvent aussi être traités à l’aide
des fonctions Reverse Telecine et Conform de Cinema Tools pour garantir la compatibilité avec la base temps de montage de Final Cut Pro. La fonction de télécinéma
inversé de Cinema Tools vous permet, par exemple, de retirer les images supplémentaires ajoutées lors du transfert du film sur bande vidéo NTSC à l’aide du procédé
pulldown 3:2.
Étape 7 : montage vidéo et audio
Vous pouvez maintenant modifier le projet à l’aide de Final Cut Pro. Dans les grandes
lignes, le montage de votre projet de film se fait comme pour tout projet vidéo. Si vous
avez capturé le son séparément de la vidéo, il est possible de les synchroniser à l’aide
de Final Cut Pro.
Tous les effets que vous appliquez, tels que les fondus, transitions, variations de vitesse
ou titres, ne sont pas utilisés directement. Ils doivent être créés sur pellicule par une unité
spécialisée dans les effets visuels. 242 Partie III Annexes
Sortir une bande vidéo du montage final du projet peut constituer une aide précieuse
pour la personne chargée du montage du négatif. Même si la cut list contient toutes
les informations nécessaires pour faire correspondre la pellicule au montage vidéo,
il est utile de pouvoir visualiser les coupes.
Étape 8 : exportation des listes de film
Une fois le montage terminé, vous pouvez exporter toutes sortes de listes concernant
le film, comme, par exemple, la liste de conformation, utilisée par le monteur négatif
pour mettre en correspondance le négatif caméra original avec la vidéo montée. Il est
également possible de créer d’autres listes, comme la liste des doublons, qui indique
si des plans sont utilisés plusieurs fois.
Étape 9 : création d’une coupe test sur une copie de travail
Avant de conformer le négatif original, il est fermement recommandé de conformer
une copie de travail à la cut list afin de s’assurer de la fiabilité de cette dernière (certains monteurs négatif exigent de travailler à partir d’une copie de travail conformée).
De nombreux facteurs peuvent entraîner des inexactitudes dans la cut list :
 des numéros de bord endommagés ou mal lus introduits pendant le transfert
télécinéma,
 des valeurs de timecode incorrectes,
 des erreurs de timecode survenues pendant le processus de capture,
 des problèmes de pulldown 3:2 avec le format vidéo NTSC.
Outre la vérification de la cut list, d’autres problèmes, tels que le rythme d’une scène,
sont des éléments souvent difficiles à appréhender avant d’avoir vu le film projeté sur
grand-écran. Cela vous permet également de vous assurer que les plans choisis ne
posent aucun problème inattendu.
Si des projections et des modifications de la copie de travail font partie de votre processus de production, vous pouvez également exporter une liste de modifications
décrivant les changements à réaliser sur la copie de travail afin qu’elle corresponde
à une nouvelle version de la séquence montée dans Final Cut Pro.
Étape 10 : conformation du négatif
Le monteur négatif utilise la liste de conformation, la copie de travail montée et la version vidéo montée (si elle est disponible) comme guide pour effectuer le montage sur
le négatif original. Étant donné qu’il n’y a qu’un seul négatif, il est primordial de ne faire
aucune erreur à ce stade. Contrairement aux méthodes de découpe et de collage utilisées sur la copie de travail, les méthodes utilisées pour la conformation du négatif
détruisent les images de début et de fin du plan monté. Cela rend l’allongement d’un
montage virtuellement impossible et constitue l’une des raisons pour lesquelles vous
devez être absolument sûr de vos points de coupe avant d’entamer la conformation.Annexe A Principes généraux 243
III
Étape 11 : finition audio
Le son est généralement monté « bout-à-bout » pendant le montage de la vidéo (étape 7),
la finition étant normalement effectuée pendant la conformation du film. Comme indiqué
à l’étape 5, vous pouvez utiliser une version OMF exportée de l’audio Final Cut Pro monté
ou exporter une liste EDL audio et recapturer le son de production (à l’aide des bandes
originales) sur un poste de travail audionumérique. La finition audio est l’étape où l’on
effectue le mixage final du son, y compris l’élimination des problèmes de dialogues et
l’ajout des bruitages, des arrière-plans et de la musique.
Étape 12 : création des copies d’étalonnage et d’exploitation
Une fois que vous avez conformé le négatif original et terminé le montage audio, vous
pouvez créer une copie d’étalonnage. Cette copie est utilisée pour l’amélioration des
couleurs finales, étape au cours de laquelle l’équilibre des couleurs et l’exposition de
chaque prise sont retouchés afin d’assurer le bon enchaînement des prises. Il peut
s’avérer nécessaire de créer plusieurs copies d’étalonnage avant d’obtenir des résultats
satisfaisants. Une fois que la copie d’étalonnage vous convient, la copie d’exploitation
est réalisée. 245
B Annexe
B Création de listes de films avec
Cinema Tools
Cinema Tools ne peut créer une liste de film que s’il parvient à faire coïncider les coupes
faites dans le système de montage et les enregistrements de la base de données de
Cinema Tools. Un enregistrement contient des informations sur la bande du film et sur les
numéros de bord requises par Cinema Tools pour décrire les coupes dans la liste de film.
Pour créer une liste de film, Cinema Tools utilise deux méthodes pour rechercher
un enregistrement de la base de données associée à une coupe particulière :
 Méthode basée sur les plans : Cinema Tools obtient le nom du plan de Final Cut Pro,
puis recherche le plan dans la base de données. Cinema Tools tente d’abord de localiser le plan d’après le chemin d’accès au plan indiqué dans le système de montage.
Si cette méthode ne permet pas de trouver le plan, la recherche est effectuée à l’aide
du nom et de la date de modification du plan. Lorsque Cinema Tools trouve le plan
dans la base de données, il peut également localiser l’enregistrement correspondant,
car chaque plan est obligatoirement associé à un enregistrement.
 Méthode basée sur le timecode : si Cinema Tools ne trouve pas l’enregistrement de
base de données sur la base du nom du plan, il recherche l’enregistrement de base
de données en cherchant les informations de bobine vidéo et de timecode associées
à la coupe dans la séquence dansFinal Cut Pro.246 Partie III Annexes
Cinema Tools utilise autant que possible la méthode de localisation basée sur les plans.
S’il ne trouve aucun plan correspondant, il utilise la méthode de localisation basée sur
le timecode. Si Cinema Tools ne parvient pas à trouver un enregistrement de base de
données approprié, une entrée est effectuée dans la liste des éléments manquants (si
vous choisissez d’inclure une liste d’éléments manquants dans la liste de film). Ce processus apparaît dans le diagramme ci-dessous.
À propos de la méthode basée sur les plans
Pour localiser un enregistrement de la base de données grâce à la méthode basée sur
les plans, Cinema Tools n’a besoin de connaître que le lien entre le plan source et les
numéros de bord ou la codification manuelle. Avec la méthode basée sur le timecode
en revanche, Cinema Tools doit connaître le lien entre les numéros de bord ou la codification manuelle et la bande et le timecode vidéo. La méthode des plans s’avère plus fiable
car elle utilise moins de critères. C’est pourquoi Cinema Tools l’utilise toujours en premier.
Oui
Non
Oui
Non
Cinema Tools obtient le nom
du plan à partir de Final Cut Pro
Cinema Tools recherche le nom
du plan dans la base de données
Cinema Tools obtient le timecode
du planet l’identifiant de bobine
à partir de Final Cut Pro
Cinema Tools utilise les
informations de bobine et
de numéro de bord pour décrire
la coupe dans la cut list
Enregistrement
trouvé dans la base
de données ?
Cinema Tool recherche le timecode
du plan et l’identifiant de bobine
dans la base de données
L’élément manquant est noté
dans la cut list et ajouté à la liste
des éléments manquants
Enregistrement
trouvé dans la base
de données ?Annexe B Création de listes de films avec Cinema Tools 247
III
À propos de la méthode basée sur le timecode
Cette méthode s’avère très utile, voire essentielle, dans certaines situations :
 Si vous n’avez pas listé vos plans dans la base de données de Cinema Tools en les associant aux enregistrements, seule la méthode basée sur le timecode permet de localiser
ces enregistrements. Si la base de données contient les données nécessaires pour pouvoir mettre en correspondance le numéro de bord et le timecode et les plans source ont
été capturés par Final Cut Pro en utilisant un contrôle de périphérique aux images précises, Final Cut Pro devrait connaître les informations de bobine de film et de timecode de
chaque plan et pouvoir produire une liste de film à partir de ces informations. (Dans ce
cas, il n’est pas nécessaire d’établir un lien entre les plans sources et les enregistrements
de la base de données, ce qui constitue un gain de temps appréciable.)
 Si vous générez une liste de film à partir d’une liste EDL externe, la méthode basée
sur le timecode est utilisée (en supposant que vous n’avez pas relié les plans sources
à la base de données).
 Si les fichiers de plans sont inaccessibles (offline) lorsque la liste de film est créée, seule la
méthode basée sur le timecode peut localiser les enregistrements de la base de données. 249
C Annexe
C Solutions aux problèmes
fréquents et assistance client
Si vous rencontrez des problèmes avec Cinema Tools, plusieurs ressources d’aide sont
à votre disposition.
 Cette annexe : cette annexe contient des informations relatives aux problèmes les
plus fréquents rencontrés par les utilisateurs.
 Informations de dernière minute : le menu Aide de Cinema Tools contient les informations de dernière minute qui n’ont pas pu être incluses dans le manuel. Consultez
cette page d’aide dès que vous installez ou mettez à jour Cinema Tools.
 Base d’informations techniques AppleCare : l’assistance AppleCare gère une base de
données des problèmes d’assistance les plus courants, qui est mise à jour et agrandie
au fur et à mesure que de nouvelles questions surgissent. Elle constitue une ressource
gratuite très intéressante pour les utilisateurs de Cinema Tools. Pour accéder à la base
de connaissances AppleCare, rendez-vous sur la page de support AppleCare à l’adresse
http://www.apple.com/fr/support.
 Assistance AppleCare : les utilisateurs de Cinema Tools peuvent choisir entre plusieurs
options d’assistance. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation sur les options
d’assistance qui accompagnait Cinema Tools.
Solutions aux problèmes fréquents
Voici la liste des problèmes courants que vous pouvez rencontrer lors de l’utilisation
de Cinema Tools avec une ou plusieurs solutions à chaque problème.
Affichage d’avertissements concernant des utilisations multiples d’une même source.
 Si le nombre d’images réutilisées est inférieur au nombre d’images que vous avez
indiqué dans les réglages Cut Handles ou Transition Handles de la zone de dialogue
Film List Export, il se peut qu’un message d’avertissement concernant des utilisations multiples soit affiché comme résultat des Cut Handles ou des Transition Handles. Pour vérifier si c’est le cas, réglez l’option Transition Handles sur zéro image et
l’option Cut Handles sur une demi image, puis exportez de nouveau la liste de film. 250 Partie III Annexes
 Lorsque votre programme monté contient des utilisations multiples de données sources
et que vous ne disposez que d’un négatif original à couper, deux options s’offrent à vous.
Vous pouvez monter à nouveau votre scène (ou vos scènes) afin d’éviter d’utiliser les
données plusieurs fois. Vous pouvez aussi exporter une liste de doublons et la confier
à un laboratoire pour qu’il crée plusieurs négatifs de chaque plan utilisé plus d’une fois.
Transférez ensuite les doublons des négatifs sur vidéo et capturez-les dans Final Cut Pro,
listez-les dans la base de données Cinema Tools et utilisez-les pour remplacer les doublons de section dans le projet monté.
Les numéros de bord de la cut list ne concordent pas avec ceux des plans numériques.
 Vous devez tout d’abord vous assurer qu’il s’agit d’un problème grave. Lorsque vous
effectuez un montage à la vitesse vidéo NTSC de 30 ips (29,97 ips exactement), il arrive
que les numéros de bord présentent un écart de plus ou moins 1 image. Ce résultat est
donc tout à fait normal et ne doit pas vous préoccuper. (Consultez à ce propos la section « Infos générales sur la vitesse de défilement des images » à la page 23.) Il arrive
également que le numéro de bord présente un écart supérieur à une image à la fin
de la coupe, dans le cas où une image a été ajoutée ou supprimée pour conserver la
synchronisation avec le son. Cet écart ne doit cependant jamais dépasser une image
au début de la coupe. Par ailleurs, si vous effectuez un montage vidéo PAL à 24 ips, le
numéro de bord incrusté dans l’image doit toujours être identique à celui des points
d’entrée et de sortie de la cut list.
 Si l’écart est supérieur à une image, il est très probable que le plan n’est pas correctement identifié dans la base de données Cinema Tools. Pour vérifier s’il est correctement
identifié, ouvrez l’enregistrement correspondant et cliquez sur Open Clip pour ouvrir la
fenêtre Clip. Utilisez la fonction Identify pour vérifier les numéros de bord en plusieurs
points du plan et voir, de cette manière, si les images sont bien identifiées. Si le numéro
de clé est incorrect, corrigez-le dans la sous-fenêtre Identify de la fenêtre Clip. Consultez
la section « Vérification et correction de numéros de code de bordure de timecode »
à la page 108 pour en savoir plus. Ensuite, générez à nouveau la cut list et vérifiez l’exactitude des numéros de bord affichés.
 Assurez-vous que le timecode est correct dans Final Cut Pro. Si vous avez utilisé le
contrôle de périphérique pour capturer les plans, mais constatez que Cinema Tools
indique le mauvais timecode, il y a de fortes chances que le timecode soit incorrect
dans Final Cut Pro. Si le timecode est incorrect dans Final Cut Pro, vous devez recapturer les plans source. Si vous avez utilisé le contrôle de périphérique série, il a pu se
produire un décalage du timecode si vous n’avez pas réglé le décalage de timecode
approprié dans Final Cut Pro pour la platine spécifique que vous avez utilisée. Vous
devez réaliser ce réglage pour chaque platine et chaque ordinateur. Si le décalage
de timecode n’a pas été spécifié, faites-le et recapturez les plans sources. Pour en
savoir plus, consultez la section consacrée au calibrage du signal de timecode dans
la documentation de Final Cut Pro.Annexe C Solutions aux problèmes fréquents et assistance client 251
III
 Assurez-vous que tous les plans de la séquence ont la même fréquence d’images que
la base temps de la séquence dans Final Cut Pro. Consultez la section la documentation de Final Cut Pro pour des détails sur la configuration de la base temps de montage dans l’Éditeur de préréglage de séquence.
 La vidéo peut présenter des pertes d’images ou une discontinuité des numéros de
bord. Dans ce cas, essayez de recapturer les plans.
Lorsque vous tentez d’utiliser la fonction de télécinéma inversé, un message vous
indique que des données ont été perdues.
 Il arrive que des plans contiennent des images trop longues. Dans ce cas, la fonction
de télécinéma inversé de Cinema Tools peut signaler des pertes d’images qui ne se
sont en fait pas produites. Essayez de conformer le plan à 29,97 ips à l’aide de la fonction de conformation, puis relancez le processus de télécinéma inversé.
 Si des pertes d’images se sont réellement produites lors de la capture, il est préférable
de recapturer les plans sources sans pertes d’images car ces dernières peuvent perturber le processus de télécinéma inversé. Consultez à ce sujet la section « Comment
éviter les pertes d’images » à la page 112.
Vous trouvez des fichiers .tmp inattendus.
 Cinema Tools crée parfois plusieurs fichiers temporaires lorsqu’il produit la cut list. Ces
fichiers sont généralement supprimés une fois la liste créée et vous ne pouvez donc pas
les voir. Si une erreur système se produit avant que la liste ne soit créée, il arrive que ces
fichiers ne soient pas supprimés. Si vous trouvez des fichiers créés par Cinema Tools avec
le suffixe « .tmp », « .tmp.dat » ou « .tmp.idx », vous pouvez les supprimer.
Une erreur relative à un fichier temporaire apparaît dans la cut list.
 Si une erreur se produit pendant que Cinema Tools est en train de créer un fichier
temporaire, des messages d’erreur relatifs à ces fichiers peuvent apparaître dans la
cut list. Ce problème est sans doute dû à un manque d’espace sur votre volume de
stockage. Vérifiez que l’espace disponible sur le volume de stockage est suffisant.252 Partie III Annexes
Contact de l’assistance AppleCare
Votre coffret Final Cut Studio comprend de la documentation sur les options d’assistance
disponibles chez Apple. Plusieurs types d’assistance vous sont proposés selon vos besoins.
Quel que soit votre problème, il est recommandé que vous ayez les informations suivantes à portée de la main lorsque vous prenez contact avec l’assistance d’Apple. Vous réglerez plus rapidement votre problème si vous pouvez communiquer ces informations sans
délai aux agents d’assistance.
 L’identifiant d’assistance qui se trouve sur la couverture du fascicule Installing Your
Software qui accompagnait Final Cut Studio.
Remarque : l’identifiant d’assistance à 11 chiffres est différent du numéro de série
du produit utilisé pour installer Final Cut Studio.
 La version de Mac OS X que vous avez installée. Cette information est accessible
via la commande À propos de ce Mac, dans le menu Pomme.
 La version de Cinema Tools installée, y compris les mises à jour le cas échéant. Le
numéro de la version se trouve dans Cinema Tools > About Cinema Tools.
 Le modèle d’ordinateur utilisé.
 La quantité de mémoire RAM installée sur votre ordinateur et la quantité allouée
à Cinema Tools. Pour connaître la quantité de mémoire RAM installée, choisissez
À propos de ce Mac dans le menu Pomme du Finder.
 Les autres matériels tiers installés sur votre ordinateur ou reliés à celui-ci, ainsi que
leur fabricant. Cela inclut les disques durs, les cartes vidéo, etc.
 Modules de tierce partie ou autres logiciels installés avec Cinema Tools.
Dans certains cas, AppleCare peut demander des informations sur votre ordinateur et
la façon dont l’application est configurée. Choisissez Help > Create Support Profile crée
un fichier contenant les informations nécessaires pouvant être envoyé à AppleCare par
courrier électronique. En principe, n’utilisez cette fonctionnalité que si un membre du
service AppleCare vous le demande.
Vous pouvez accéder à l’assistance AppleCare en ligne à l’adresse
http://www.apple.com/fr/support/cinematools. 253
Glossaire
Glossaire
24 @ 25 Il s’agit de la méthode la plus courante de transfert de film vers le format
vidéo PAL, qui consiste à accélérer le film à 25 ips lors du transfert télécinéma. Chaque
image du film correspond exactement à une image de la vidéo, mais l’action s’en
trouve accélérée de 4 pour cent. Voir aussi 24 & 1 ; pulldown 24 @ 25.
24&1 Cette méthode de transfert de film au format vidéo PAL consiste à ajouter deux
trames supplémentaires par seconde à la vidéo, afin que les 24 ips de film remplissent
les 25 ips du format vidéo PAL. Cette méthode maintient la vitesse d’origine de l’action.
Voir aussi 24 @ 25 ; pulldown 24 @ 25.
24P Ce format vidéo de haute résolution utilise une vitesse de 24 ips et la technologie
du balayage progressif. Il est de plus en plus utilisé dans la production de films à cause
de sa haute qualité et fréquence d’images identique. Il est en outre facilement convertible
dans la plupart des formats vidéo standard et haute résolution à 29,97 ips et 25 ips.
35 mm 4-perf Format courant de film 35 mm géré par Cinema Tools. Il comporte
quatre perforations (trous d’entraînement) par image.
35 mm à 3 perforations Format de film 35 mm pris en charge par Cinema Tools. Il
comporte trois perforations (trous d’entraînement) par image. Il gagne en popularité,
en particulier avec la télévision par épisodes, car il contient 25 pour cents d’images
en plus par pied de film que le format 35 mm à 4 perforations plus courant.
3:2 pulldown Méthode de distribution des 24 images par seconde du film sur les 29,97
images par seconde du standard vidéo NTSC lors du transfert de films ou de vidéos 24P.
Dans le transfert, l’enregistrement alterne deux trames d’une image puis trois trames
de la suivante afin que les 24 images d’une seconde de film ou de vidéo 24p
remplissent les 30 images en 1 seconde de vidéo NTSC. Cette méthode est également
connue sous le nom de pulldown 2:3.
amorce Blanc ou métrage de substitution utilisé pour remplir des espaces vides où
le métrage est temporairement manquant, afin de conserver la synchronisation entre
l’image et la bande son.254 Glossaire
code de bordure Fait référence à la numérotation en pieds et images qui se trouve sur
la bordure du film. Cette codification peut se présenter soit sous forme de numéros de
bord latents sur le négatif original, soit sous forme de codification manuelle ajoutée sur
la bordure des copies de travail. Voir aussi codification manuelle ; numéro de bord.
codification manuelle Décompte en pieds et images ajouté sur la bordure des copies
de travail et des bandes sonores magnétiques. Également appelé numéro Acmade.
conformation (film) Cette opération consiste à découper et à assembler un négatif
original afin qu’il corresponde au montage effectué sur un système de montage
numérique. Cela permet également d’assembler la vidéo ou le son sur la base d’une
liste EDL (Edit Decision List). Voir aussi liste de conformation ; liste EDL.
conformation (vidéo) Cette opération consiste à changer la vitesse de défilement d’un
plan vidéo. Il est possible, par exemple, d’utiliser la fonction de conformation (Conform)
de Cinema Tools pour faire passer la vitesse de défilement d’un plan vidéo PAL (25 ips)
à celle d’un film (24 ips). Vous pouvez également conformer un plan à sa vitesse de
défilement actuelle afin de vous assurer qu’il ne contient aucune erreur de vitesse
de défilement.
contrôle de périphérique Technologie permettant à Final Cut Pro de commander
un périphérique externe, par exemple un magnétoscope ou une caméra.
copie d’étalonnage C’est la première copie du film comprenant le son et l’image,
livrée par le laboratoire afin de la soumettre à l’approbation du client.
copie d’exploitation Une copie positive du film abouti ; le produit fini prêt à la
distribution.
copie de travail Copie positive du négatif original, découpée afin de constituer une
trace et un prototype du montage créatif. Dans l’industrie du cinéma traditionnel, la
copie de travail est montée en premier, puis utilisée par le monteur comme guide pour
le montage du négatif de caméra original. Dans la réalisation de film numérique, la
copie de travail est habituellement utilisée pour vérifier la cut list et créer un prototype
du film pouvant être projeté sur grand écran avant la conformation du négatif.
Sometimes called a work pix or cut pix.
correspondance Remettre en correspondance les coupes d’un programme vidéo
provenant d’un film avec le négatif de caméra original. Toutes les opérations de
montage de la vidéo sont détaillées dans une cut list utilisée par le monteur négatif
pour monter la copie de travail et le négatif original de la caméra.
DF Voir timecode drop frame.
effets d’optique Effets réalisés par une tireuse optique, comme par exemple les
transitions et les titres en surimpression. Voir également tireuse optique.Glossaire 255
ensemble des enregistrements trouvés Il s’agit du groupe d’enregistrements affiché
dans la fenêtre List View de Cinema Tools. Ce groupe est appelé l’ensemble des
enregistrements trouvés parce que l’on utilise la commande Find pour l’afficher.
entrelacé Voir vidéo entrelacée.
fenêtre d’affichage Informations de timecode et de keycode superposées aux images
vidéo. Elle apparaît habituellement sur la bande inférieure ou supérieure de l’image et
fournit des informations de codification au monteur, sans masquer aucune image.
fichier ALE Sigle de Avid Log Exchange. Un format de fichier qui permet le partage des
bases de données de film entre des systèmes différents. Voir également liste télécinéma.
fichier FLEx Format de fichier de liste télécinéma courant. Voir également liste
télécinéma.
identifiant de prise C’est, dans Cinema Tools, un code constitué d’une ou plusieurs
lettres, nombres, ou les deux à la fois, servant à identifier un plan, une scène, une prise,
une bobine vidéo, une bobine son, une bobine de laboratoire ou de caméra.
image Une image unique. Le film et la vidéo sont constitués de ces images. Bien
qu’une image de film soit une image photographique, une image vidéo contient une
ou plusieurs trames.
image « A » C’est la première des cinq images de la séquence répétitive du pulldown
3:2. Dans la vidéo pulldown 3:2 à deux trames, elle constitue la seule image qui contient
complètement les deux trames d’une seule image du film. Les images B, C, et D ont leurs
trames réparties sur deux images vidéo. Les images A surviennent normalement sur les
numéros de timecode se terminant par « 0 » ou « 5 » (lors de l’utilisation d’un timecode
« non-drop frame »). Voir aussi pulldown 3:2 ; trame.
interpositif C’est une copie positive à faible contraste réalisée à partir du négatif
original de la caméra. Elle ne peut pas être projetée comme une image en couleurs car
elle porte un masque orange, comme un négatif. L’interpositif est habituellement
utilisé comme étape intermédiaire dans la création des effets d’optique et des copies
de négatifs.
ips Abréviation d’images par seconde.
liste de conformation (cut list) C’est un fichier texte qui détaille de façon séquentielle
les opérations de montage qui constituent votre film. Le monteur négatif utilise la cut
list pour conformer le négatif original. La liste de conformation est un sous-ensemble
de la liste de film que vous pouvez exporter à partir de Final Cut Pro en utilisant
Cinema Tools. On l’appelle aussi liste d’assemblage.256 Glossaire
liste de film Fichier texte que vous fournissez au monteur de film comme guide pour la
conformation du négatif de caméra original. La liste de film peut contenir un ou plusieurs
des éléments suivants : une liste de conformation, une liste des éléments manquants, une
liste des doublons, une liste des trucages optiques, une liste des épreuves et une liste des
scènes. Elle peut aussi contenir des informations supplémentaires pour sortir les bobines
de négatif, tirer des doubles des négatifs, réaliser une copie de travail ou des effets.
liste de modification Liste que vous pouvez exporter à partir de Final Cut Pro en
utilisant Cinema Tools, en partant du principe qu’une copie de travail ou un négatif
a été coupé aux spécifications d’une liste de conformation (ou, auparavant, d’une liste des
modifications) et décrit d’autres modifications à apporter sur la base de nouvelles coupes
que vous avez apportées à une séquence Final Cut Pro.
liste des doublons C’est une liste de film que les utilisateurs de Cinema Tools peuvent
exporter et qui indique les utilisations multiples d’une même source dans un
programme monté. Également appelée liste des doublons.
liste des scènes Liste de film que les utilisateurs de Cinema Tools peuvent exporter.
Elle détaille tous les plans qui sont dans la cut list, chaque plan n’y figure qu’une fois.
Les listes de scènes sont habituellement utilisées pour commander des copies de plans
afin de pouvoir conformer une copie de travail avant de découper le négatif original.
liste EDL (Edit Decision List) C’est un fichier texte qui détaille de façon séquentielle
toutes les opérations de montage et les plans individuels utilisés dans une séquence.
Les listes EDL servent soit à faire migrer un projet d’une application de montage vers
une autre, soit à harmoniser l’ensemble d’un programme dans un studio de montage
online sur bande.
liste optique Une liste de film que les utilisateurs de Cinema Tools peuvent exporter
pour faire réaliser des effets dans des studios de trucage optique. La liste optique décrit
les transitions et les effets de mouvement créés lors du montage numérique.
liste Pull Liste de film que les utilisateurs de Cinema Tools peuvent exporter et dans
laquelle les plans de la cut list sont répertoriés dans l’ordre où ils se trouvent sur les
bobines de négatif. Le laboratoire se base sur une liste Pull lorsqu’il parcourt vos
bobines de négatifs pour sortir les plans destinés à une copie de travail ou une coupe
du négatif original.
liste télécinéma Fichier généré par le technicien pendant le transfert télécinéma.
Enregistre les numéros de bord du négatif original et le timecode du transfert vidéo,
assurant ainsi le suivi de leur lien. Parfois appelé fichier FLEx.
montage offline C’est la partie créative du montage, où les décisions de montage
sont prises. Lorsque le montage offline est terminé, le matériau est souvent capturé
à nouveau à une qualité supérieure ou une liste EDL est générée dans le but de recréer
le montage sur un autre système. Voir liste EDL.Glossaire 257
montage online L’étape finale du processus de montage, au cours de laquelle toutes
les décisions prises lors du montage offline sont mises en œuvre soit sur le négatif
original, soit sur des bandes vidéo pleine résolution.
monteur négatif Professionnel qui conforme le négatif original à partir d’une cut list
et/ou d’une référence visuelle telle que la copie de travail ou une cassette vidéo créée
par le système de montage numérique.
NDF Voir timecode non-drop frame.
négatif original de la caméra Également appelé OCN. Il s’agit des négatifs du tournage,
de la pellicule d’origine. Le négatif original est découpé par le monteur négatif une fois
que le montage est finalisé dans le système de montage numérique. Il n’existe qu’un seul
négatif original. (Des copies peuvent être réalisées, mais elles sont chères.)
NTSC Sigle de National Television Standards Committee, l’organisme qui définit les
normes de diffusion en Amérique du Nord. Le terme vidéo NTSC se réfère à cette norme
vidéo définie par le comité et dont les caractéristiques sont : 29,97 ips, 525 lignes par
image et entrelacement.
numéro Acmade See codification manuelle.
numéro d’image C’est la partie finale du numéro de bord. Le numéro d’image est
composé du numéro de métrage et du compteur d’image et indique à combien de
pieds et d’images du début du film une image apparaît. Voir aussi numéros de bord.
numéro de métrage C’est une partie du numéro de bord qui correspond au numéro
à quatre chiffres indiquant la position sur une bobine de pellicule. Voir aussi numéro
d’image ; numéro de bord.
numéros de bord Numéros de décompte en pieds et images inscrits sur la bordure de
la pellicule. Les numéros de bord sont souvent superposés par le télécinématographe
sur le bord des images vidéo (on appelle cela la fenêtre d’affichage). Cinema Tools se
sert des numéros de bord pour aider à faire correspondre les opérations de montage
numérique et le négatif original. Les numéros de bord se composent d’un préfixe clé,
qui reste identique tout le long de la bobine de pellicule et d’un numéro d’image, lui
même composé d’un numéro de métrage et d’un numéro de décompte d’images. Les
systèmes de transfert télécinéma ajoutent souvent également un identificateur de type
d’image au numéro de bord. Par exemple, dans le numéro de bord KJ 291010 5867+07,
« KJ 291010 » est le préfixe clé et « 5867+07 » est le numéro d’image. Également appelé
code de bordure.
numéros de bord latents Numéro ajouté sur la bordure de la pellicule lors de son
processus de fabrication. Également appelé code de bordure latent. Voir également
numéros de bord.258 Glossaire
OMF Sigle de Open Media Format. Format d’échange de données pris en charge par de
nombreux postes de travail audionumériques qui permet d’exporter tout l’audio et tous
les points de montage qui figurent dans une séquence audio sous la forme d’un fichier
autonome. Les fichiers OMF sont souvent transmis à un studio de postproduction audio,
où ils sont finalisés, puis utilisés comme audio final dans une fonction.
PAL Sigle de Phase Alternating Line. Format vidéo utilisé dans de nombreux pays
européens et dans d’autres pays en dehors de l’Amérique du Nord. Le standard PAL
est de 25 ips, 625 lignes par image et entrelacé.
pertes d’images Images qui ne sont pas capturées. Si les performances de votre
ordinateur ne sont pas optimales ou si votre disque de travail n’est pas assez rapide,
il est possible que des pertes d’images surviennent lors du processus de capture.
Lorsqu’une image est perdue lors de la capture, l’image précédente est répétée.
Les pertes d’images peuvent engendrer une cut list incorrecte et interférer avec
le processus de télécinéma inversé.
plan Prise de vue continue ne comprenant aucune coupe. Un plan est un sousensemble de scène.
plans sources Les fichiers de données avec lesquels on commence lorsqu’on débute
le montage. Ce sont des fichiers capturés sur votre ordinateur et reliés à la base de
données Cinema Tools avant de commencer le montage.
priorité de trame Désigne la première trame d’une image vidéo entrelacée. Si une
seule trame est capturée, « priorité de trame 1 » signifie que seule la trame 1 est
capturée, alors que « priorité de trame 2 » signifie que seule la trame 2 est capturée.
Voir aussi trame.
prise Une prise est une version d’un plan particulier. Lors du tournage d’un film, il peut
y avoir plusieurs prises de chaque plan.
proportions (rapport largeur/hauteur) C’est le rapport entre la largeur d’une image
et sa hauteur, exprimé soit par deux chiffres (largeur:hauteur), soit par une valeur égale
à la hauteur divisé par la largeur. La vidéo en définition standard utilise le format 4:3 (0,75),
alors que la vidéo haute définition utilise généralement le format 16:9 (0,56). Pour les films,
ce rapport dépend du format et des objectifs utilisés.
pulldown 24 @ 25 Terme Final Cut Pro désignant la même méthode que 24 & 1. Voir
aussi 24 & 1 ; 24 @ 25.Glossaire 259
pulldown 2:3:2:3 Il s’agit d’une méthode de pulldown identique au pulldown 3:2,
sauf qu’elle est appliquée par un caméscope numérique (plutôt que par tout autre
type de matériel capable d’appliquer le même modèle de pulldown). Dans le présent
manuel, nous utilisons le terme 2:3:2:3 pour faire référence au pulldown réalisé par
les caméscopes vidéo numériques 24p. Ce type de pulldown peut être supprimé à
l’aide de la forme automatisée de télécinéma inversé . Voir également pulldown 3:2.
pulldown 2:3:3:2 Méthode de distribution des 24 images par seconde du film sur
les 29,97 images par seconde du standard vidéo NTSC lors du transfert de films ou
de vidéos 24P. Lors du transfert, l’enregistrement alterne deux trames d’une image
puis trois trames des deux images suivantes, suivi de deux trames de l’image suivante.
De cette façon, les 24 images en 1 seconde de film ou de vidéo 24p remplissent les
30 images en 1 seconde de vidéo NTSC. Bien que le 3:2 constitue le modèle de pulldown
habituellement géré par les appareils NTSC, certaines caméras et certains systèmes de
montage numériques commencent à gérer le pulldown 2:3:3:2.
scène En cinéma, cela désigne le moment et l’endroit d’une série d’une ou de plusieurs
prises de vues, habituellement reliées entre elles par une intrigue commune ou certains
personnages.
SMPTE Sigle de Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. L’organisme de
normalisation qui a définit la norme du timecode SMPTE pour la vidéo. Le timecode
SMPTE est le format de timecode le plus couramment utilisé.
son à deux systèmes Tout type de production utilisant des appareils distincts pour
enregistrer le son et l’image. Toujours utilisé pour les productions cinématographiques
et souvent utilisé pour les productions en 24P. Également appelé production double
système.
supers Abréviation de superimposed (surimpression en français). Superposition d’images
ou de texte sur des images du film. Les titres, par exemple, sont superposés à des images.
synchro Apocope de synchronisation. Lorsque le son et l’image sont synchrones, on dit
qu’ils sont synchronisés.
synchroniseur Petit appareil mécanique équipé de galets d’entraînement montés sur
un axe en rotation. Situé entre les bobines de pellicule, monté sur des enrouleuses, il
accepte une bande de pellicule et de bande son perforée par galet d’entraînement.
Une fois la pellicule et la piste en place sur les galets, elles peuvent être placées en état
de synchronisation mécanique exacte et conserveront cette synchronisation en passant
dans le synchroniseur. Le synchroniseur garde aussi la trace du métrage déroulé à l’aide
d’un compteur de pieds et d’images mécanique actionné par les galets d’entraînement.
Ègalement appelé bloc de synchronisation ou synchroniseur.260 Glossaire
télécinéma Machine qui reproduit les images du négatif original sur une bande vidéo,
en ajoutant souvent une fenêtre d’affichage du code de bordure de la pellicule. Voir
aussi fenêtre d’affichage.
télécinéma inversé C’est le processus qui supprime les images supplémentaires de
la vidéo pulldown 3:2, en revenant à sa vitesse de défilement initiale de 24 ips. La
fonction de télécinéma inversé crée une corrélation image pour image entre la vidéo
et les images de la pellicule, afin d’obtenir des cut lists précises. L’inversion du
pulldown 3:2 peut être réalisée matériellement en temps réel durant la capture,
cependant, si vous ne disposez pas de l’équipement approprié, vous pouvez utiliser
la fonction télécinéma inversé de Cinema Tools. Voir pulldown 3:2.
timecode Format dans lequel une unité temporelle séquentielle unique est attribuée
à chaque image vidéo. Le format se présente ainsi : heures: minutes: secondes: images.
timecode drop frame Timecode NTSC qui saute deux numéros d’image par minute,
sauf pour les minutes terminant par « 0 », afin que le timecode total final s’accorde avec
le temps effectif écoulé. (Certains numéros de timecode sont ignorés, mais aucune
image vidéo n’est omise.) Cette omission corrige la fréquence d’images réelle du NTSC
qui est de 29,97 ips, ce qui provoque une imprécision de 3 secondes et 18 images par
heure par rapport au temps réellement écoulé lorsqu’un timecode non-drop frame est
utilisé. Afin d’éviter toute confusion, le timecode drop frame doit être évité pour les
productions basées sur pellicule. Voir aussi timecode non-drop frame.
timecode non-drop frame Timecode NTSC normal, dans lequel les images sont
numérotées séquentiellement et où 30 images défilent en une seconde, 60 secondes
par minute et 60 minutes par heure. La vitesse de défilement du format NTSC étant en
fait de 29,97 ips, le timecode non-drop frame est dépassé de 3 secondes et 18 images
par heure par rapport au temps effectivement écoulé. Comparez avec timecode dropframe.
tirage par contact C’est une méthode de développement de pellicule au cours de
laquelle l’émulsion du négatif original est mise en contact avec une pellicule de
retirage pendant que le négatif est projeté sur cette pellicule. Une image de couleur
et de lumière inversées est ainsi créée (par exemple le noir devient blanc et vice versa).
tireuse optique Machine servant à reproduire un ou plusieurs éléments de la pellicule
sur une nouvelle section de la pellicule. Le tirage optique permet d’ajouter ou de retirer
de la lumière dans une image, de créer des effets de surimpression ou de réaliser des
transitions entre les scènes, telles que des fondus, fondus enchaînés ou balayages.Glossaire 261
trame Moitié d’une image vidéo entrelacée constituée par le balayage des lignes paires
ou des lignes impaires. Les trames vidéo alternantes sont tracées tous les 1/60 de seconde
pour la vidéo NTSC (1/50 de seconde pour le format PAL) afin de créer la vidéo à 29.97 ips
perçues (25 ips PAL). Il y a deux trames par image, une trame supérieure et une trame
inférieure. Il n’est possible de capturer qu’une seule trame par image. Voir également
entrelacement.
vidéo convertie à la baisse C’est de la vidéo créée à l’issue d’une conversion de vidéo
haute résolution (comme la vidéo 24P) vers de la vidéo de définition standard (NTSC
ou PAL).
vidéo de résolution standard Se réfère aux formats vidéo NTSC et PAL. Voir également
vidéo haute résolution, NTSC, PAL.
vidéo entrelacée Format d’image vidéo qui divise les lignes en deux trames, chacune
composée de lignes paires et impaires alternées, balayées à des moments différents.
Utilisé pour la vidéo de résolution standard. Voir aussi trame ; priorité de trame ; vidéo
progressive.
vidéo haute définition Fait référence à tous les formats vidéo à écran large, y compris
au format 24p, qui fournissent une image de meilleure qualité que la vidéo en définition
standard. Les améliorations peuvent consister en une résolution accrue, un rapport
largeur/hauteur plus important (image plus large) ou un balayage progressif. Voir aussi
vidéo progressive ; video en définition standard.
vidéo HD Voir vidéo haute définition.
vidéo progressive Un format d’image vidéo qui balaye progressivement toutes les
lignes d’une image. Voir également vidéo entrelacée.
vidéo SD Voir vidéo de résolution standard.
vitesse de défilement de la pellicule lors du télécinéma Vitesse de défilement de
la pellicule dans l’appareil de télécinéma lors du transfert vidéo.
vitesse TK Voir vitesse de défilement télécinéma.
XML Sigle de Extensible Markup Language. Un langage de balisage universel qui
combine du texte interprétable par l’utilisateur avec des informations supplémentaires
spécialisées. À cause de la grande variété d’outils disponibles, les fichiers XML sont très
utilisés pour échanger des informations entre des applications.
263
Index
Index
2:3:2:3 pulldown
Voir également 3:2 pulldown
2:3:3:2 pulldown 27
2:3 pulldown. Voir 3:2 pulldown
3:2 pulldown
description 23
exactitude de la cut list 166
images « A » 25
suppression des trames supplémentaires avec la
fonctionnalité Reverse Telecine 25
35 mm à 3 perforations 235
A
affiche 105, 123, 124
Apple Store 13
ardoise 32, 237, 239
Assistance AppleCare 252
audio
Voir également EDL audio, synchronisation audio/
vidéo
ajustement de la vitesse 145
capture 114, 241
Cinema Tools 9
enregistrement au format double 32
enregistreurs 30, 32, 114
exportation d’une liste EDL 31, 193–196, 241
exportation d’un fichier OMF 31, 192, 241
finition 241, 243
mixage audio final 31
montage dans Final Cut Pro 9, 31
montage traditionnel 238
observations à propos de l’exportation 192–193
problèmes de vitesse 193
synchronisation avec la vidéo. Voir synchro audio/
vidéo
timecode 30, 32, 194
traitement final dans Final Cut Pro 31
audio double système 32
avertissement d’utilisations multiples 171, 249
B
balayage progressif 26, 209
bande magnétique, pistes audio de travail 238
bande vidéo
création pour le monteur négatif 34, 242
exportation des séquences à 24 ips sur 192
problèmes lors du montage à 24 ips 34
vidéo NTSC 34
vidéo PAL 34
base d’informations techniques AppleCare 249
base de données. Voir base de données Cinema
Tools
base de données Cinema Tools
Voir également enregistrements de la base de
données
champs Scene et Take 92
changement de nom 84
connexion des plans sources à la 45, 121–126
création 37–41, 74–115, 240–241
création à l’aide d’une liste télécinéma ou d’un
fichier ALE 71
création à partir d’une autre base de données
Cinema Tools 90
création à partir d’une liste de capture par lot
Final Cut Pro 71, 89–90
création à partir d’une liste télécinéma ou d’un
fichier ALE 85–89
création d’un enregistrement 92
création de la cut list 240
création sans liste télécinéma ou fichier ALE 72
créer avec Final Cut Pro 75–77
déconnexion de plans de la 124–125, 125–126
description 38, 69, 240
données de la liste télécinéma/réglages par
défaut 74
entrée manuelle de fiche 40
fonctionnement 38
lien entre scènes, plans et prises 91, 97
listes de capture par lot et 241
listes télécinéma 39, 71, 85–89
modification d’informations 104–107
modification des identifiants de bande ou de
bobine 107
modification des réglages par défaut du
projet 106
ouverture 80264 Index
ouverture d’enregistrements 80
recherche d’enregistrements 80, 81–84
recherche d’informations dans 77
reconnexion des plans à la 126–128
saisie d’informations 85–104
saisie d’informations à l’aide de la fonction
Identify 102–104
saisie d’informations via la fenêtre Detail View 94
sauvegarde 84
sélection d’une nouvelle affiche de plan 105
sélection d’une vitesse télécinéma (TK Speed) 80
sélection d’un format de film 78
sélection d’un timecode audio 79
sélection d’un timecode vidéo (Video TC Rate) 78
sélection des réglages par défaut 77–80
structure élémentaire 70
suppression d’un enregistrement 105
synchroniser avec Final Cut Pro 155–156
transferts camera-roll 39, 73
transferts scene-and-take et 39
utilisation 69, 73, 74
vérification et correction des codes de bordure et
du timecode 108–110
verrouillage 84
base temps
exactitude de la cut list 25
exactitude de la cut list et 34
réglage dans Final Cut Pro 34, 129
base temps de montage
conformation de plans 46
bouton Connect Clip/Open Clip 101
C
capture
perte d’images et 112
plans individuels 121
préparation de la capture de plans sources 111–
121
capture par lot 22, 42, 43, 71, 241
XML 116
chaînes de film 20
champ Cam Roll 98
champ Daily Roll 98
champ Key 98
champ Lab Roll 98
champ Scene 92, 93, 97
champ Sound Roll 101
champ Sound Timecode 101
champ Take 92, 97
champ Video Duration 101
champ Video Reel 100
champ Video Timecode 100
Cinema Tools
création d’une cut list et 45, 245–247
description 7–9
étapes fondamentales du flux de production 37–
47
exemples de flux de production 47–52
interface utilisateur 53–68
clap 32, 237, 239
claquette 32, 237, 239
code book (livre de codes) 240
code de bordure 233
Voir également numéros de bord, codification
manuelle
le déterminer avec la fonction Identify 102–104
vérification 176
vérification et correction 108–110
code de bordure latent. Voir code de bordure
code habituel de postproduction 69
codification Acmade. Voir codification manuelle
codification manuelle 235–236
Voir égalementcode de bordure
commande Connect Clips 123
commande Export 202–203
commande Reconnect Clips 127–128
compression 42
configurations simplifiées 151
conformation de vitesse vidéo 29, 131
Voir également fonction Conform
conformation du négatif original 238
contrôle de périphérique 22, 42–43, 115–116, 241
conversion du film en vidéo. Voir transfert du film
sur bande vidéo
copie d’étalonnage 239, 243
copie d’exploitation 239, 243
copie de travail 19, 20, 21, 237, 238
conformation à la cut list 242
listes des modifications et 47
montage 238
cut list 9, 22, 38, 242
avertissement en cas d’utilisations multiples 171
base temps et 25, 34
couche de premier plan 169
description 169
exactitude 34, 100, 166
fichiers temporaires 251
informations sur les effets et 161–163
méthode de création basée sur les plans 246
méthode de création basée sur le timecode 73,
95, 169, 245–246, 247
réglages nécessaires dans la fenêtre Detail
View 95
D
dépannage 249–252
contacter l’assistance AppleCare 252
double système audio. Voir audio double systèmeIndex 265
E
Edit Decision List. Voir listes EDL audio, listes EDL
EDL 214
Voir également EDL audio
conversion NTSC en 24 ips 216–217
exportation de listes 24 ips 216
importation à 24 ips 214
importation NTSC 214
effets 160–163, 241
enregistrement de base de donnée
création 92
enregistrements de base de données
création d’une fiche par bobine caméra 73
saisie d’informations via la fenêtre Detail View 94
vérification et correction des valeurs de code de
bordure et de timecode 108–110
enregistrements de la base de données
conditions pour listes de capture par lot 118, 119
connexion des plans sources aux 121–126
création à partir d’une autre base de données
Cinema Tools 90
modification de tous les identifiants de bande ou
de bobine 107
navigation 80
ouverture 80
recherche 80–84, 170
reconnexion des plans aux 126–128
règles élémentaires pour la connexion des
plans 122
saisie d’informations à l’aide de la fonction
Identify 102–104
structure élémentaire 70
suppression 105
utilisations 73
enregistreurs audio 30, 32, 114
exportation sur bande vidéo 192
F
fenêtre Clip
introduction et déconnexion des plans dans
la 125–126
ouverture 59
paramètres de la 60
sous-fenêtre Analysis 84
sous-fenêtre Identify 104
fenêtre d’affichage 9
description 236
Offline RT 112
original propre 20
utilisation de la fonction Identify sur les bandes
vidéo dépourvues de 102
fenêtre Detail View
affichage des enregistrements de la base de
données 80
connexion et déconnexion de clips dans la 124–
125
données scènes et plans 97
identifiants 93
navigation dans les enregistrements 81
ouverture 55
ouverture d’un enregistrement dans la 58
reconnexion de plans individuels à l’aide de
la 127
réglages 95–101
réglages nécessaires à la création d’une cut list ou
d’une liste de modification 95
réglages requis pour exporter une liste EDL
audio 95
saisie d’informations dans des enregistrements de
base de données 94
sélection d’une nouvelle affiche de plan 105
suppression d’un enregistrement à l’aide de
la 105
fenêtre List View 56–58
ouverture des enregistrements de la base de
données 80
fenêtre Welcome 53
fiches de la base de données
Voir également base de données Cinema Tools
création à partir d’une liste de capture par lot
Final Cut Pro 89–90
entrée manuelle 40
informations entrées 38
réglages par défaut 75–80
fiches de référence
création à partir d’une liste télécinéma ou d’un
fichier ALE 85–89
fichiers AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format) 193
fichiers ALE
avantages 71
champs gérés par Cinema Tools 205
création d’une base de données Cinema Tools
avec 71
exportation 206
importation 206
utilisation 204–206
fichiers Avid Log Exchange. Voir fichiers ALE
fichiers de séquence QuickTime 45
fichiers FLEx 71
fichiers Open Media Framework. Voir fichiers OMF
film
16 mm 18, 232
16 mm-20 18
35 mm 18, 232
35 mm à 4 perforations 232
35mm à 4 perforations 18
à propos de l’audio 30–33
avant de filmer 18
code de bordure 233
codification manuelle et 235–236266 Index
combinaison des formats 18
formats 232
formats pris en charge par Cinema Tools 18, 232
inversé 99
montage numérique 8–9, 239–243
montage traditionnel 237–239
notions élémentaires 231–243
numéros de bord et 234–235
perforations 232
Super 16 232
transfert sur bande vidéo 19–29, 240
utilisation d’un clap avec timecode 32
vitesse 237
vitesse de défilement 23, 237
film 16 mm 18, 232, 234
film 35 mm 18, 232, 233, 234, 235
Final Cut Pro
affichage d’informations relatives au film
dans 154–159
commandes de Cinema Tools dans 47
configurations simplifiées pour les utilisateurs de
Cinema Tools 151
conformation de 25 ips à 24 ips 132, 153
créer une base de données 75–77
exportation de fichiers OMF 31, 192, 241
exportation de listes EDL audio 31
importer une liste télécinéma 87
mémoire allouée 252
montage de vidéo 24P avec 211–228
ouvrir des plans dans Cinema Tools 159
perte d’images et 112
réglage de la base temps 25, 34
synchroniser avec Cinema Tools 75, 155–156
traitement audio final dans 31
utilisation comme système de montage offline de
vidéo 24P 214–217
utilisation comme système de montage online de
vidéo 24P 213–214
utilisation comme système de montage online et
offline de vidéo 24P 211–212
utiliser le télécinéma inversé 140
FireWire
site web 13
fonction Batch Reverse Telecine 141
utiliser une seconde fois 145
fonction Conform 45, 241
conformation de plans individuels 132
conformation de plans par lot 132–133
dans Final Cut Pro 132, 153
vidéo 24P et 215–216
fonction de Télécinéma inversé 133, 241
perte d’images et 112, 139, 251
fonction Identify 102–104
bande vidéo sans fenêtre d’affichage 102
lien code de bordure/timecode 108, 109
vérification et correction des codes de bordure et
du timecode 108–110
fonction Reverse Telecine 145
conseils d’utilisation 134
dans Final Cut Pro 140
informations de trame 135–136
utilisation sur plusieurs plans à la fois (télécinéma
inversé par lot) 141, ??–145
utilisation sur un seul plan 136–140
vidéo 24P et 215–216
format de film
menu local de la fenêtre Detail View 99
sélection d’un format par défaut 78
found set 58, 80
G
genlock 113–114
I
identifiant de plans 93
identifiant de prises 93, 97
identifiant de scène 93, 97
identifiants de bande 107
identifiants de bobine 107
images 23, 29
comment éviter les pertes 112
pertes 109
images « A »
description 25
modèle cinq images 25
images « A »
localisation 142
timecode « non-drop frame » 25, 28
Ink, champ 99
interpositifs 162
L
La 45
lien code de bordure/timecode
continu/discontinu 72–73
transferts camera-roll 72–73
liste de capture par lot 115, 118–121
XML 119–120
liste de coupes
non-concordance des numéros de bord 250–251
liste de modification
réglages nécessaires dans la fenêtr 95–??
réglages nécessaires dans la fenêtre Deta ??–95
liste de modifications
méthode de création basée sur le timecode 95
liste des doublons 46, 165, 171
liste des effets de filtre 173
liste des effets de mouvement
description 173
numéros de bord et 173Index 267
liste des effets de transition 172
liste des éléments manquants 38, 46
description 169–170
traitement 170
liste des modifications 47
description 182–183
exportation 183–186
exportation depuis Cinema Tools 189
gestion des effets 184
quand l’utiliser 182
réglages de la zone de dialogue 187–188
sauvegarde de fichiers de programme 175
utilisation pour l’équilibrage des bobines 186
liste des scènes 47, 173
liste des scènes optiques 173
liste optique 47, 171
liste Pull 47, 173
listes de capture par lot XML 116
listes de film 167, 242
Consultez également les noms de listes spécifiques
À propos du format PDF 168
À propos du format XML 168
code de bordure et 176
création à l’aide de la commande Export de
Cinema Tools 202–203
création à partir d’une liste EDL externe 200–204
création dans d’autres applications de montage
vidéo 199–204
description 167–173
exporter à partir de Final Cut Pro 174–176
fichiers temporaires 251
méthode de création basée sur le timecode 73
réglages PDF 179
sélectionner le format 168
listes de film PDF
à propos des 168
chargement d’un fichier de réglages 181
enregistrement d’un fichier de réglages 181
présentation personnalisée 180
réglages 179
réglages communs avec XML 176–179
listes de film XML
À propos des 168
réglages communs avec PDF 176–179
listes des effets 171
listes EDL
correction d’erreurs 203
format d’enregistrement 204
gérées par Cinema Tools 200–201
modifications dans TextEdit 204
noms de bande et 200–201
normes vidéo 201
traitement dans Cinema Tools 203
utilisation pour la création de listes de film 200–
204
vitesse de défilement 201
listes EDL audio 74, 79
exportation 31, 193–196
exportation à partir de Cinema Tools 198
réglages requis dans la fenêtre Detail View 95
utilisation des pistes et 198
utiliser pour le son à deux systèmes 24p 227
listes télécinéma
cut lists et 39
transferts scene-and-take et 39
liste télécinéma 20
avantages 71
création d’une base de données Cinema Tools
avec 71
cut lists et 39
données utilisées dans la base de données 74
exportation de listes EDL audio 33
extensions de fichier 85
gérée par Cinema Tools 85
importer avec Cinema Tools 86
importer avec Final Cut Pro 87
transferts camera-roll et 39
M
Mac OS
version de 252
mémoire
allouée à Final Cut Pro 252
méthode 24 & 1 26, 166
méthode 24 @ 25 26
méthode de pulldown 24 @ 25 26
méthode film-numérique-film 160
méthode pulldown 24 @ 25 166
montage numérique 8
avant de commencer 17–18
Cinema Tools et 8, 9
étapes de base 239–243
Final Cut Pro et le 9
préparation des plans sources 129–149
monteur négatif 238, 242
N
négatif. Voir négatif original de la caméra
négatif original 237, 238, 240, 242
numéros de bord
Cinema Tools et les 233
description 234
différence entre valeurs de la liste de coupes et
valeurs des plans numériques 250–251
fenêtre d’affichage 236
film 16 mm et 234
film 35 mm et 234, 235
liste des effets de mouvement et 173
Offline RT 112
recherche 81
vérification 41, 236268 Index
O
Offline RT 112
OMF files 31, 192, 241
opération de télécinéma inversé par lot 141
préparation 141
P
parsing error 202, 203
perte d’images
comment éviter 112
fonction de Télécinéma inversé et 112, 251
pistes audio de travail 238
plans. Voir plans sources
plans autonomes 149
plans référencés 149
plans sources
accès aux informations 84
attribution de noms aux plans de capture par
lot 117
autonomes 149
base temps et 34
capture. Voir le processus de capture
ce qu’il faut savoir sur la capture individuelle 121
changement de la fréquence d’images 46
changement de nom 84
conformation 45–46, 131, 133
connexion à la base de données 45, 121–126
déconnexion de la base de données 124–126
détection des usages multiples 165
division ou suppression de sections avant le
montage 147–149
préparation de la capture 111–121
préparation pour le montage numérique 129–
149
problèmes liés au déplacement et au
changement de nom dans le Finder 122
reconnexion à la base de données 126–128
référencés 149
règles élémentaires pour leur connexion à la base
de données 122
reverse telecine et 45
sélection d’une nouvelle affiche 105
suppression 149
positif 19, 237
priorité de trame 136
procédé télécinéma inversé
effets sur le timecode 28, 29
processus de capture
capture de plans manuelle 42
compression et 42
contrôle de périphérique et 42–43
transferts camera-roll et 43
transferts scene-and-take et 43
processus de télécinéma inversé par lots
télécinéma inversé par lots automatisé 223–225
utilisation avec la vidéo 24P 223
pulldown 2:2:2:4 226
pulldown 2:3:2:3
description 218
suppression avec Cinema Tools 221
pulldown 2:3:3:2
avantages 219
description 219
suppression avec Cinema Tools 221
suppression avec Final Cut Pro 220
pulldown 3:2
suppressions des champs supplémentaires avec
la fonction Reverse Telecine 133
R
rushes, création d’une base de données 74
S
sites web
Apple Store 13
assistance AppleCare 252
FireWire 13
sites web Apple 13
sites web Apple 12–13
son. Voir audio
son double système 210, 227
timecode pour 194
sound TC Rate (vitesse du timecode son) 95
menu local de la fenêtre Detail View 101
sous-fenêtre Analysis 84
sous-fenêtre Identify 104
Station de travail audio DAW (Digital Audio
Workstation) 241
synchro audio/vidéo 32–33
enregistreurs audio 30, 32
infos générales 32
méthode 24@25 26
transferts camera-roll et 22, 33
transferts scene-and-take 22
transferts télécinéma 30, 33
vidéo NTSC et 33
vidéo PAL et 33
synchronisation audio/vidéo 145, 240
synchronisation de la base de données avec Final
Cut Pro 75, 155
système de montage non linéaire 8
T
télécinéma 19, 240
télécinéma inversé
pulldown 3:2 et 133
vérification des résultats 140
timecode 27–29
24P 217
audio 28, 30, 32Index 269
calibrage du décalage 114
capture exacte 113–114
conformation et 29
conseils généraux 27
contrôle de périphérique série 113–114
différences entre la fenêtre d’affichage et les
valeurs de Final Cut Pro 28
drop frame 28, 30
free run 27
genlock et 113–114
géré par Cinema Tools 28
géré par Final Cut Pro 28
inexactitudes dans Final Cut Pro 110, 113–114
le déterminer avec la fonction Identify 102–104
non-drop frame 28
NTSC 28–29
PAL 28
poignées de pre-roll et post-roll 27
record run 27
ruptures 27
télécinéma inversé et 29
timecode non-drop frame 30
vérification de l’exactitude à l’aide de FireWire 41
vérification et correction à l’aide de la fonction
Identify 108–110
timecode « non-drop frame »
images « A » 25, 28
timecode drop frame 28, 30
timecode non-drop frame 28, 30
tirage optique 160, 162–163
tirage par contact 160, 163, 165
TK Speed (vitesse du film du télécinéma)
menu local de la fenêtre Detail View 99
sélection d’un réglage par défaut 79
trames 23, 26, 29
fonction Reverse Telecine et 135–136
transfert du film sur bande vidéo 19–29
enregistrement d’une image projetée à l’aide d’un
caméscope 21
lecture du film à 30 ips 25
méthode 24&1 26
méthode 24@25 26
méthode 3:2 pull-down 23–25
méthode de pulldown 24 @ 25 26
options pour la vidéo NTSC 23–25
options pour la vidéo PAL 25–26
transferts camera-roll 21, 22
transferts scene-and-take 21, 22
utilisation d’une chaîne de film 20
utilisation d’un télécinéma 19
vidéo 24P 26
transferts camera-roll
capture de plans et 43
cut lists et 39
division d’un grand plan en plusieurs plans de
petite taille 22
exemples de flux de production 50–52
inconvénients 22
listes télécinéma et 39
questions de synchronisation audio 22, 33
structure de la base de données 70
transferts de pellicule
création de base de données 73
transferts de pellicules de caméra
lien code de bordure/timecode continu/
discontinu 72–73
transferts scene-and-take
avantages 22
capture de plans et 43
cut lists et 39
exemples de flux de production 49–50
listes télécinémas et 39
questions de synchronisation audio 22
structure de la base de données 70
transferts télécinéma
camera-roll 21, 22
fenêtre d’affichage 19
Final Cut Pro et 34–35
scene-and-take 21, 22
sortie vidéo 19, 240
synchro audio/vidéo et 19, 30, 33, 240
vidéo 24P 26
vitesses gérées par Cinema Tools 237
transitions 160–163
trous d’entraînement. Voir perforations
U
usages multiples des plans sources 165, 249
V
vidéo
capture 41–44, 241
concordance avec la base temps de Final Cut
Pro 34, 46, 129, 241
vidéo 23,98 ips
ajout d’un pulldown pour une sortie FireWire
NTSC 227
conversion en NTSC 225
vidéo 24P
ajout et suppression de pulldown 218–227
à propos des proportions 217
Cinema Tools et 10
conversion de listes EDL NTSC à 24 ips 216–217
conversion en NTSC 215
conversion en PAL 216
description 10, 209
exportation de listes EDL 24 ips 216
Final Cut Pro et 10, 27
fonction Conform et 215–216
fonction Reverse Telecine et 215–216
importation de listes EDL 24 ips 214270 Index
importation de listes EDL NTSC 214
listes EDL audio et 227
montage 11
montage avec Final Cut Pro 211–228
montage d’images provenant d’un film 210
timecode utilisé 217
transferts télécinéma et 10, 26
utilisation de Final Cut Pro comme système de
montage offline 214–217
utilisation de Final Cut Pro comme système de
montage online 213–214
utilisation de Final Cut Pro comme système de
montage online et offline 211–212
vérification des discontinuités de cadence 222
vitesse 10, 23
vitesse sur systèmes NTSC 27
vidéo convertie à la baisse 211
vidéo de résolution standard 217
vidéo haute résolution 10
Voir également vidéo 24P
vidéo HD. Voir vidéo haute résolution
vidéo NTSC
3:2 pull-down et 23–25
conversion en 23,98 ips 225
conversion en 24P 215
fréquence de trame 23
listes EDL 201
problèmes de synchronisation audio 33
sortie sur bande 34
timecode 28–29
transfert du film sur 23–25
utilisation 23–25
vitesse 23
vidéo PAL
conversion à partir du format vidéo 24P 216
problèmes de synchronisation audio 33, 34
sortie sur bande 34
timecode 28
transfert du film sur 25–26
utilisation 25–26
vitesse 23, 25
vidéo SD. Voir vidéo de résolution standard
Video TC Rate (vitesse du timecode vidéo)
menu local de la fenêtre Detail View 101
vitesse du timecode audio
sélection d’un réglage par défaut 79
vitesse du timecode vidéo
sélection d’un réglage par défaut 78
vitesses
Consultez également vidéo 24P, vidéo PAL, vidéo
NTSC
film 23
infos générales 23–29
vidéo NTSC 23
vidéo PAL 25
vitesses de défilement
concordance avec la base temps de Final Cut
Pro 34, 129
vitesse télécinéma
choisir une valeur par défaut 79
Z
zone de dialogue Batch Reverse Telecine
réglages de la version automatisée 223
réglages détaillés 143–144
zone de dialogue Change Reel 63
zone de dialogue Conform Clip 62
zone de dialogue d’exportation de listes de film
réglages communs 176–179
zone de dialogue Database Properties 63, 77
zone de dialogue Export Audio 196–197
zone de dialogue Export Audio EDL 67–68
zone de dialogue Export Change List 66–67, 187
zone de dialogue Export Film Lists 64–65, 174
zone de dialogue Export XML Film Lists 65, 175
s’ouvre à partir de Cinema Tools 65
s’ouvre à partir de Final Cut Pro 65
zone de dialogue Find 58
recherche d’enregistrements de la base de
données 81–84
zone de dialogue New Database 54, 74
réglages 77–80
zone de dialogue Reverse Telecine 61–62
réglages de la version automatisée 221–222
réglages détaillés 137–139
version automatisée 62
iMac G5
Guide de l’utilisateur
Comprend des informations sur la configuration,
l’expansion et le dépannage de votre ordinateur
iMac G5
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 1 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMK Apple Computer, Inc.
© 2005 Apple Computer Inc. Tous droits réservés.
Ce manuel est protégé par la loi du 11 mars 1957 sur la
propriété littéraire et artistique, complétée par la loi du
3 juillet 1985 et par toutes les conventions
internationales applicables aux droits d’auteurs. En vertu
de ces lois et conventions, aucune reproduction totale ni
partielle de ce manuel n’est autorisée, sauf
consentement écrit préalable d’Apple.
Le logo Apple est une marque d’Apple Computer Inc.,
déposée aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays. En
l’absence du consentement écrit d’Apple, l’utilisation à
des fins commerciales de ce logo via le clavier (Option +
1) pourra constituer un acte de contrefaçon et/ou de
concurrence déloyale.
Tout a été mis en œuvre pour que les informations
présentées dans ce manuel soient exactes. Apple n’est
pas responsable des erreurs de reproduction ou
d’impression.
Apple
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014-2084
408-996-1010
www.apple.com
Apple, le logo Apple, AirPort, Final Cut Pro, FireWire, iCal,
iLife, iMac, iMovie, iPod, iTunes, Mac, le logo Mac, Mac
OS et Macintosh sont des marques d’Apple Computer,
Inc. déposées aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays.
AirPort Express, Finder, iDVD, iPhoto, iSight, Safari,
SuperDrive et Tiger sont des marques d’Apple
Computer, Inc.
AppleCare et Apple Store sont des marques de service
d’Apple Computer, Inc. déposées aux États-Unis et dans
d’autres pays.
.Mac est une marque de service d’Apple Computer, Inc.
La marque et les logos Bluetooth sont la propriété de
Bluetooth SIG, Inc. et sont utilisés sous licence par Apple
Computer, Inc.
ENERGY STAR®
est une marque déposée aux États-Unis.
Les autres noms de produits et de sociétés sont la
propriété de leurs détenteurs respectifs. Les produits
commercialisés par des entreprises tierces ne sont
mentionnés que pour information, sans aucune
intention de préconisation ni de recommandation.
Apple décline toute responsabilité quant à l’utilisation et
au fonctionnement de ces produits.
Fabriqué sous licence de Dolby Laboratories. “Dolby”,
“Pro Logic” et le logo double-D sont des marques
déposées de Dolby Laboratories. Travaux confidentiels
inédits. © 1992–1997 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Tous droits
réservés.
Le produit décrit dans le présent manuel intègre des
technologies de protection de droits d’auteur ellesmêmes protégées par divers brevets américains ainsi
que d’autres droits de propriété intellectuelle
appartenant à Macrovision Corporation et à d’autres
détenteurs. L’utilisation de ces technologies de
protection des droits d’auteurs doit être autorisée par
Macrovision Corporation et est destinée à un cadre privé
ou de visualisation restreinte, sauf consentement de
Macrovision Corporation. Tout démontage ou ingénierie
inverse est interdit.
Réclamations concernant l’appareillage aux États-Unis.
Brevets n° 4,631,603, 4,577,216, 4,819,098 et 4,907,093
sous licence à des fins de visualisation limitée
uniquement.
Publié simultanément aux États-Unis et au Canada.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 2 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM 3
1 Table des matières
Chapitre 1 5 Premiers contacts
8 Et ensuite ?
9 Procédure au terme de l’utilisation de votre iMac G5
Chapitre 2 11 Découverte de votre iMac G5
12 iMac G5 – Vue avant
14 iMac G5 – Vue arrière
16 À propos de Mac OS X
17 Personnalisation du bureau et réglage des préférences
18 Connexion à une imprimante
19 Lecture d’un CD et connexion d’un casque d’écoute
19 Mise à jour constante de vos logiciels
19 Connexion d’une caméra ou d’autres périphériques FireWire
20 Connexion à un réseau
20 Utilisation d’Internet
20 Transfert de fichiers vers un autre ordinateur
21 Lorsqu’une application ne répond pas
22 Obtention de réponses grâce à l’Aide Mac
22 Utilisation des applications
Chapitre 3 23 Utilisation de votre ordinateur
24 USB (Universal Serial Bus)
26 FireWire
28 Réseau sans fil AirPort Extreme
29 Technologie sans fil Bluetooth
32 Ethernet (10/100/1000Base-T)
33 Support audio
34 Gestion de vidéo externe (VGA, Composite et S-Vidéo)
36 Utilisation de votre lecteur optique
39 Commandes du clavier
40 Protection de votre ordinateur
Chapitre 4 41 Extension des capacités de votre ordinateur
41 Ajout de mémoire
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 3 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM4 Table des matières
48 Remplacement de la pile de secours interne
Chapitre 5 53 Dépannage
53 Problèmes vous empêchant d’utiliser votre ordinateur
55 Réinstallation des logiciels fournis avec votre ordinateur
56 Autres problèmes
58 Localisation du numéro de série de votre produit
58 Utilisation de Apple Hardware Test
Annexe A 59 Caractéristiques
Annexe B 61 Consignes d’entretien, d’utilisation et de sécurité
61 Nettoyage de votre iMac G5
61 Transport de votre iMac G5
62 Consignes de sécurité pour la configuration et l’utilisation de votre ordinateur
63 Connecteurs et ports
63 Prévention des dommages auditifs
64 Ergonomie
65 Apple et l’environnement
Annexe C 67 Connexion à Internet
69 Fiche technique Assistant réglages
71 Configuration manuelle de votre connexion à Internet
71 Connexion commutée
75 Connexions à Internet par ligne DSL, modem câble ou réseau LAN
80 Connexion sans fil AirPort
83 Dépannage de votre connexion
85 Communications Regulation Information
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 4 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM1
5
1 Premiers contacts
Votre ordinateur iMac G5 a été conçu pour être configuré rapidement et être utilisé immédiatement. Si vous
n’avez jamais utilisé d’iMac G5 ou n’êtes pas familiarisé
avec les ordinateurs Macintosh, vous trouverez dans ce
chapitre des instructions pour débuter.
Si vous êtes un utilisateur expérimenté, peut-être êtes-vous déjà en mesure d’utiliser votre
nouvel ordinateur. Veillez néanmoins à consulter les informations du chapitre 2, “Découverte de votre iMac G5”, pour découvrir les nouvelles fonctionnalités de cet iMac G5.
Câble CA Câble téléphonique
Clavier Souris
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 5 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM6 Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts
Suivez les instructions des deux pages suivantes pour configurer votre iMac G5.
Étape 1 : Branchez le câble d’alimentation.
Étape 2 : Pour accéder à Internet, branchez un câble Ethernet ou un câble
téléphonique.
W
G
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 6 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 1 Premiers contacts 7
Étape 3 : Branchez les câbles du clavier et de la souris.
Étape 4 : Appuyez sur le bouton d’alimentation (®) pour mettre l’ordinateur
sous tension.
d
®
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 7 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM8 Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts
Utilisation d’un clavier et d’une souris sans fil
Si vous avez fait l’acquisition d’un clavier Apple Wireless Keyboard et d’une souris Apple
Wireless Mouse avec votre iMac G5, consultez les instructions fournies avec ces périphériques pour les configurer avec votre ordinateur.
Et ensuite ?
Grâce à ces étapes, votre iMac G5 est désormais opérationnel. La première fois
que vous démarrez votre ordinateur, l’Assistant réglages se met en route. L’Assistant
réglages vous aide à saisir les informations relatives à Internet et à votre courrier électronique ainsi qu’à configurer un utilisateur sur votre ordinateur. Si vous possédez déjà
un ordinateur Mac, l’Assistant réglages peut également vous aider à transférer automatiquement des fichiers, des applications et d’autres informations de votre ancien Mac
vers votre nouvel iMac G5.
Transfert d’informations vers votre iMac G5
Vous pouvez utiliser l’Assistant réglages pour transférer automatiquement des informations d’un autre Mac vers votre nouvel iMac G5. Pour transférer des informations,
assurez-vous des points suivants :
 Votre autre ordinateur Mac doit disposer d’un port FireWire intégré et prendre
en charge le mode disque cible FireWire.
 L’autre ordinateur Mac dont vous disposez doit Mac OS X 10.1 ou ultérieur installé.
 Il vous faut un câble FireWire pour relier les deux ordinateurs.
L’Assistant réglages vous guide tout au long du processus de transfert d’informations ;
il vous suffit de suivre les instructions à l’écran. Le transfert d’informations vers votre
iMac G5 n’affecte pas les informations se trouvant sur votre autre Mac. Avec l’Assistant
réglages, vous pouvez transférer :
 les comptes d’utilisateur, y compris les préférences et le courrier électronique ;
 les réglages de réseau, pour que votre nouvel ordinateur soit automatiquement
configuré avec les mêmes réglages de réseau que votre autre Mac ;
 le dossier Applications, pour que les applications que vous utilisez sur votre autre
Mac se trouvent à présent sur votre nouvel iMac G5 (certaines des applications transférées devront peut-être être réinstallées) ;
 des fichiers et dossiers stockés sur votre disque dur.
Si vous n’utilisez pas l’Assistant réglages pour transférer des informations lorsque vous
démarrez votre iMac G5 pour la première fois, vous pouvez effectuer ce transfert plus
tard à l’aide de l’Assistant migration. Pour cela, ouvrez le dossier Applications, ouvrez
le dossier Utilitaires, puis double-cliquez sur l’icône Assistant migration.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 8 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 1 Premiers contacts 9
Remarque : si vous effectuez votre transfert d’informations à l’aide de l’Assistant migration, veillez à ce que FileVault soit désactivé sur votre ancien ordinateur. Pour désactiver
FileVault, sélectionnez le menu Pomme (?) > Préférences Système, cliquez sur Sécurité, puis suivez les instructions qui s’affichent à l’écran.
Configuration de votre iMac G5 pour Internet
Si vous n’avez pas transféré vos réglages de réseau, l’Assistant réglages peut également vous guider tout au long de la configuration de votre ordinateur en vue de la
connexion à Internet. Pour les particuliers, l’accès à Internet requiert généralement
l’ouverture d’un compte auprès d’un fournisseur d’accès à Internet (FAI) (payant
dans certains cas). Si vous disposez déjà d’un compte Internet, consultez l’annexe C,
“Connexion à Internet”, à la page 67 pour savoir quelles sont les informations à saisir.
Informations supplémentaires
Pour obtenir davantage d’informations, consultez les sections suivantes :
Procédure au terme de l’utilisation de votre iMac G5
Lorsque vous avez terminé de travailler avec votre iMac G5, suspendez l’activité
de votre ordinateur ou éteignez-le.
Suspendre l’activité de votre iMac G5 afin d’économiser de l’énergie
Si vous envisagez de ne pas utiliser votre iMac G5 pendant une période inférieure à
quelques jours, suspendez-en l’activité. Lorsque l’activité de l’ordinateur est suspendue,
son écran s’éteint et une petite lumière blanche située dans l’angle inférieur droit de
l’écran clignote. Vous pouvez le réactiver rapidement sans passer par la procédure
de démarrage.
Pour en savoir plus sur... Consultez...
L’extinction ou la suspension d’activité de votre
ordinateur
“Procédure au terme de l’utilisation de votre
iMac G5” ci-dessous.
L’utilisation des différentes parties de votre iMac
G5 et la réalisation de certaines tâches courantes
le chapitre 2, “Découverte de votre iMac G5”.
La recherche d’informations supplémentaires
disponibles dans l’aide à l’écran
“Obtention de réponses grâce à l’Aide Mac” à la
page 22.
L’utilisation d’une fonctionnalité spécifique de
l’iMac G5 ou la connexion d’un périphérique
numérique tel qu’un iPod
le chapitre 3, “Utilisation de votre ordinateur”.
L’installation de mémoire le chapitre 4, “Extension des capacités de votre
ordinateur”.
Le dépannage de votre iMac G5 en cas
de problème
le chapitre 5, “Dépannage”.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 9 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM10 Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts
Pour suspendre rapidement l’activité de votre ordinateur, procédez de l’une
des façons suivantes :
 Choisissez Pomme (?) > Suspendre l’activité.
 Appuyez sur le bouton d’alimentation situé à l’arrière de l’ordinateur.
 Choisissez Pomme (?) > Préférences Système, cliquez sur Économiseur d’énergie
et indiquez un délai pour suspendre l’activité.
Pour réactiver votre ordinateur, appuyez sur une touche quelconque du clavier. À la
réactivation de l’ordinateur, vos applications, documents et réglages d’ordinateur réapparaissent exactement tels que vous les aviez laissés.
Éteindre votre iMac G5
Si vous ne comptez pas utiliser votre iMac G5 pendant plusieurs jours, éteignez-le.
m Choisissez Pomme (?) > Éteindre.
Avertissement : éteignez votre iMac G5 avant de le déplacer. Tout déplacement de
votre ordinateur lorsque le disque dur est en train de tourner risque d’endommager
ce dernier et d’entraîner une perte de données ou l’impossibilité de démarrer à partir
du disque dur.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 10 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM2
11
2 Découverte de votre iMac G5
Dans ce chapitre, vous trouverez des informations
élémentaires à propos de votre iMac G5.
La lecture de ce chapitre vous permettra d’avoir une vue d’ensemble sur les différents
éléments de votre ordinateur et Mac OS X, et des informations sommaires sur les
tâches basiques telles que personnaliser l’apparence du bureau, se connecter à une
imprimante, lire un CD, connecter un appareil photo numérique, utiliser Internet,
obtenir des réponses lorsque vous avez besoin d’aide, etc.
Pour obtenir les informations les plus récentes
Apple publiant fréquemment des nouvelles versions et mises à jour de ses logiciels
système, il est possible que les images de ce manuel soient légèrement différentes
de ce que vous voyez à l’écran.
Le site Web d’Apple, à l’adresse www.apple.com, vous donne accès aux informations,
téléchargements gratuits et catalogues en ligne des logiciels et matériaux Apple les
plus récents destinés à votre iMac.
Vous trouverez également les manuels de nombreux produits Apple, ainsi que l’assistance technique pour tous les produits Apple, sur le site Web de services et d’assistance
www.apple.com/fr/support.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 11 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM12 Chapitre 2 Découverte de votre iMac G5
iMac G5 – Vue avant
Ports USB
Haut-parleur intégré
Capteur de
lumière intégré Haut-parleur intégré
Micro intégré
Lecteur de disque optique
à chargement par fente
Touche d’éjection de disque
Boutons de réglage
du volume
Clavier Apple Keyboard
Souris Apple Mouse
Voyant lumineux
d’alimentation
d C
-
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 12 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 2 Découverte de votre iMac G5 13
Lecteur de disque optique à chargement frontal
Votre ordinateur possède une unité combinée dite “Combo” DVD-ROM/CD-RW ou bien un SuperDrive DVD+R DL/DVD±RW/CD-RW. Tous ces lecteurs peuvent lire les CD-ROM, les CD de photos, les
disques audio ordinaires et autres types de supports. Le lecteur Combo peut également lire les DVD
et les DVD vidéo, graver de la musique, des documents et autres fichiers numériques sur des disques
CD-R et CD-RW. De plus, le lecteur SuperDrive vous permet de lire et graver des DVD-R, DVD-RW,
DVD+R, DVD+RW et des DVD+R double couche (DL).
Témoin lumineux d’alimentation
Un témoin blanc indique que l’ordinateur est en veille. Lorsque votre iMac G5 est allumé,
ce voyant est éteint.
Micro intégré
Enregistrez des sons directement sur votre iMac G5 ou parlez avec des amis en direct sur Internet
avec l’application intégrée iChat AV.
Haut-parleurs intégrés
Écoutez de la musique, le son de vos films, jeux et fichiers multimédia.
- Boutons de réglage du volume
Ces boutons permettent d’augmenter ou de baisser le volume du son provenant des haut-parleurs
intégrés et du port de sortie audio.
C Touche d’éjection de disque
Maintenez cette touche enfoncée pour éjecter un CD ou un DVD. Il est également possible d’éjecter
un disque en faisant glisser son icône dans la Corbeille.
Souris Apple Mouse
Utilisez la souris optique de précision sans tapis de souris sur la plupart des surfaces.
d Le clavier Apple Keyboard est doté de deux ports USB (Universal Serial Bus) 1.1
Branchez des périphériques USB 1.1 à faible consommation, tels qu’une souris, un appareil photo
numérique ou une manette de jeu, au clavier de votre ordinateur iMac G5. Connectez votre souris
Apple Mouse à l’un des ports USB du clavier (trois ports USB 2.0 haute vitesse se trouvent également
à l’arrière de votre ordinateur).
Capteur de lumière intégré
Votre ordinateur est équipé d’un système qui capte la lumière ambiante et ajuste automatiquement la
luminosité du témoin lumineux d’alimentation en fonction de la lumière disponible lorsque l’ordinateur est en veille.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 13 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM14 Chapitre 2 Découverte de votre iMac G5
iMac G5 – Vue arrière
Port de sortie vidéo
Port de sortie casque/
sortie audio optique
Port d’entrée audio
Ports USB (3)
Ports FireWire (2)
Port Modem
Port Ethernet
(10/100/1000Base-T)
Bouton
d’alimentation
Port d’alimentation
Logement
de sécurité
digital
®
,
f
£
d
H
W
G
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 14 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 2 Découverte de votre iMac G5 15
, Port d’entrée audio
Ce port permet l’entrée audio d’un microphone ou de tout autre appareil audio connecté à votre
iMac G5.
f Port de sortie casque/sortie audio optique
Ce port permet de connecter des écouteurs ou tout autre périphérique de sortie audio. Il permet
également de brancher votre iMac G5 à un récepteur, à un système home cinéma ou à tout autre
équipement numérique audio à l’aide d’un câble audio optique muni d’une mini-prise.
£ Port de sortie vidéo
La carte VGA Apple facultative (disponible sur www.apple.com/francestore) vous permet de connecter
à votre ordinateur un moniteur externe ou un projecteur utilisant un port VGA. L’adaptateur vidéo
Apple (disponible sur www.apple.com/francestore) vous permet de connecter un téléviseur, un
magnétoscope ou autre appareil vidéo doté d’un connecteur vidéo S-vidéo ou composite.
d Trois ports USB (Universal Serial Bus) 2.0
Ces ports vous permettent de raccorder des imprimantes, des lecteurs Zip ou autres, des appareils
photo numériques, des manettes de jeu, etc. Vous pouvez brancher des appareils USB 1.1 et des
appareils USB 2.0 à haute vitesse.
H Deux ports FireWire 400
Ces ports permettent de connecter des périphériques à haute vitesse tels qu’un iPod, des caméras
vidéo numériques et des unités de stockage externes.
W Port modem (selon le modèle)
Il permet de connecter une ligne téléphonique standard directement au modem interne 56K v.92.
G Port Ethernet (10/100/1000Base-T)
Connectez-vous à un réseau Ethernet 10/100/1000 Base-T à grande vitesse ou à un modem câble ou
DSL, ou bien connectez-vous à un autre ordinateur et transférez les fichiers. Le port Ethernet détecte
automatiquement les autres périphériques Ethernet. Pour établir des connexions à d’autres périphériques Ethernet, il est inutile d’utiliser un câble croisé Ethernet.
® Bouton d’alimentation
Il permet d’allumer votre iMac G5 ou de suspendre son activité. Maintenez ce bouton enfoncé
pour réinitialiser l’ordinateur lors des procédures de dépannage.
= Port secteur
Branchez-y le câble d’alimentation de l’ordinateur.
Logement de sécurité
Fixez un verrou et un câble antivol (disponibles sur le site www.apple.com/francestore).
Accès mémoire (à l’intérieur)
Votre iMac G5 contient au moins 512 mégaoctets (Mo) de mémoire DDR-SDRAM (Double Data Rate
Synchronous Dynamic Random Access) PC 3200 à 400 MHz . Vous pouvez ajouter de la mémoire à
votre iMac G5 afin d’obtenir jusqu’à 2 Go. Pour plus d’informations et d’instructions sur l’installation
de mémoire, consultez la section “Ajout de mémoire” à la page 41.
Z AirPort Extreme
Connectez-vous à un réseau sans fil grâce au module AirPort Extreme installé sur votre ordinateur
? Technologie sans fil Bluetooth®
Connectez-vous sans fil aux périphériques utilisant la technologie Bluetooth, tels que téléphones
portables, assistants personnels (PDA) et imprimantes, ainsi qu’au clavier sans fil Apple Wireless
Keyboard et à la souris sans fil Apple Wireless Mouse (le clavier et la souris Apple Wireless Keyboard
and Mouse sont en vente sur le site www.apple.com/francestore).
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 15 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM16 Chapitre 2 Découverte de votre iMac G5
À propos de Mac OS X
Votre ordinateur est livré avec Mac OS X. Doté d’une interface utilisateur élégante
et de capacités graphiques ultramodernes, ce système d’exploitation offre une
plus grande stabilité et de meilleures performances du système.
Pour en savoir plus sur Mac OS X et les applications iLife primées installées sur votre ordinateur, consultez le livret Bienvenue sur Tiger inclus avec votre iMac G5. Vous pouvez
également ouvrir l’Aide Mac et parcourir les informations qu’elle contient. Vous trouverez
un grand volume d’informations pour les utilisateurs novices et expérimentés, et pour
ceux qui passent au Mac. Si vous rencontrez des problèmes lors de l’utilisation de
Mac OS X, reportez-vous aux informations de dépannage au dos de ce manuel ou
allez dans la barre des menus en haut de l’écran et sélectionnez Aide > Aide Mac.
Pour avoir des informations sur la compatibilité des applications logicielles avec
Mac OS X, ou pour en savoir plus sur Mac OS X, visitez le site Web d’Apple :
www.apple.com/fr/macosx.
Remarque : si vous voulez utiliser les applications Mac OS 9 avec votre ordinateur,
vous devez installer Mac OS 9 (voir “Installation de Mac OS 9” à la page 56). Mac OS 9
ne peut pas être installé comme système d’exploitation principal sur votre iMac G5
et il n’est pas possible de démarrer l’ordinateur sous Mac OS 9.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 16 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 2 Découverte de votre iMac G5 17
Personnalisation du bureau et réglage des préférences
Au moyen des Préférences Système, vous pouvez donner à votre bureau l’apparence
souhaitée sans perdre de temps. Choisissez Pomme (?) > Préférences Système dans
la barre des menus.
N’hésitez pas à changer et essayer ce qui suit :
 Bureau et économiseur d’écran : Sélectionnez cette sous-fenêtre de préférences
pour changer la couleur et le motif du bureau ou pour la remplacer par la photo ou
l’image de votre choix. Vous pouvez également choisir un effet d’écran accrocheur
qui apparaîtra lorsque l’ordinateur reste inactif.
 Dock : Sélectionnez cette sous-fenêtre de préférences pour changer l’apparence,
l’emplacement et le comportement de votre Dock.
 Apparence : Sélectionnez cette sous-fenêtre de préférences pour changer entre
autres les couleurs des boutons, menus, fenêtres et la couleur de contraste.
Tout en vous familiarisant avec votre ordinateur, découvrez progressivement les autres
Préférences Système. Il s’agit du centre de contrôle de la plupart des réglages de votre
iMac G5. Pour plus d’informations, sélectionnez Aide > Aide Mac et recherchez “Préfé-
rences Système” ou la sous-fenêtre spécifique que vous souhaitez modifier.
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Connexion à une imprimante
Lorsque vous branchez une imprimante sur le port USB ou FireWire, votre iMac G5 peut
la détecter automatiquement et l’ajouter à la liste des imprimantes utilisables. Il se peut
que vous deviez configurer les imprimantes connectées à un réseau avant de pouvoir
les utiliser.
Si vous avez une borne d’accès AirPort Extreme, vous pouvez y raccorder une imprimante USB (au lieu de la raccorder à votre ordinateur) et imprimer sans fil.
Pour configurer une imprimante :
1 Ouvrez Préférences Système et cliquez sur l’icône Imprimer et faxer.
2 Cliquez sur Impression puis sur le bouton Ajouter (+) pour ajouter une imprimante.
3 Sélectionnez l’imprimante que vous souhaitez ajouter.
4 Utilisez les boutons Ajouter (+) et Supprimer (–) pour choisir les imprimantes
que vous voulez voir apparaître dans la Liste des imprimantes.
Remarque : si vous vous connectez à une imprimante via un réseau, il vous faudra
peut-être savoir le nom de réseau ou l’adresse de l’imprimante pour la sélectionner.
Contactez votre administrateur système.
Contrôle de l’impression
Lorsque vous avez envoyé un document à l’impression, vous pouvez contrôler
l’impression, l’arrêter ou la mettre en attente temporairement.
Pour contrôler l’impression :
m Cliquez sur l’icône de l’imprimante dans le Dock pour ouvrir la fenêtre Liste
des imprimantes. Vous voyez alors la liste des travaux d’impression et la file
d’attente sur lesquelles vous pouvez intervenir.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 18 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 2 Découverte de votre iMac G5 19
Plus d’informations
Pour plus d’informations, ouvrez l’Aide Mac (voir la page 22) et recherchez “impression”.
Pour réaliser une installation spécifique ou connaître les instructions de configuration,
vous pouvez également vous reporter au manuel fourni avec votre imprimante.
Lecture d’un CD et connexion d’un casque d’écoute
Si vous souhaitez écouter de la musique pendant que vous travaillez sur votre iMac G5,
insérez un CD dans le lecteur optique. iTunes, un lecteur de musique convivial, s’ouvre
automatiquement. Pour une écoute privée, branchez des écouteurs dotés d’une prise
mini-jack au port de sortie casque/sortie audio optique (f) de votre iMac G5.
Pour en savoir plus sur iTunes :
m Ouvrez iTunes et choisissez Aide > Aide iTunes et Music Store.
Pour en savoir plus sur votre lecteur optique, consultez la section “Utilisation de votre
lecteur optique” à la page 36.
Mise à jour constante de vos logiciels
Vous pouvez vous connecter à Internet et télécharger et installer automatiquement les
dernières versions de logiciels, gestionnaires et autres améliorations fournies par Apple.
Une fois connecté à Internet, l’application Mise à jour de logiciels recherche dans les
serveurs d’Apple les mises à jour disponibles pour votre ordinateur. Vous pouvez configurer votre Mac afin qu’il recherche régulièrement dans le serveur Apple des mises à
jour de logiciels, puis qu’il les télécharge et les installe sur votre ordinateur.
Pour rechercher des logiciels mis à jour :
1 Choisissez Pomme (?) > Mise à jour de logiciels. La fenêtre Mise à jour de logiciels
s’ouvre. Les mises à jour disponibles apparaissent dans une liste.
2 Cochez les cases situées en regard des éléments à installer, puis cliquez sur Installer.
3 Saisissez un nom et un mot de passe d’administrateur (utilisés lors de la configuration
initiale de votre ordinateur).
Une fois les mises à jour terminées, l’application Mise à jour de logiciels recherche
à nouveau des mises à jour. En effet, certaines mises à jour requièrent l’installation
des mises à jour précédentes. Pour plus d’informations, effectuez une recherche sur
“Mise à jour de logiciels” dans l’Aide Mac OS (voir la page 22).
Connexion d’une caméra ou d’autres périphériques FireWire
Si vous avez un iPod, une caméra iSight, un caméscope numérique FireWire ou autre
périphérique équipé d’un connecteur FireWire, vous pouvez les connecter à votre iMac
G5. Suivez les instructions d’installation fournies avec votre appareil. Pour plus d’informations à propos de FireWire, consultez “FireWire” à la page 26.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 19 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM20 Chapitre 2 Découverte de votre iMac G5
Connexion à un réseau
Si vous souhaitez connecter votre iMac G5 à un réseau Ethernet, à un modem câble
ou DSL ou à un réseau sans fil, consultez “Ethernet (10/100/1000Base-T)” à la page 32
et “Réseau sans fil AirPort Extreme” à la page 28 pour plus d’informations sur la configuration d’une connexion Ethernet ou AirPort. Vous pouvez également consulter
l’Aide Mac (voir la page 22) et y rechercher “Ethernet” ou “AirPort”.
Utilisation d’Internet
Lors du réglage initial de votre iMac G5, des instructions vous ont été données sur la
manière de vous connecter à Internet. Pour utiliser une connexion de type différent, telle
que par modem DSL ou câble, réseau local (LAN) Ethernet ou réseau AirPort Extreme,
vous trouverez plus d’informations dans l’annexe C, “Connexion à Internet”, à la page 67.
Transfert de fichiers vers un autre ordinateur
Plusieurs solutions vous sont offertes pour transférer des fichiers ou des documents
de ou vers votre iMac G5.
 Vous pouvez facilement transférer des fichiers à l’aide de l’Assistant réglages. Pour
plus d’informations, consultez la section “Transfert d’informations vers votre iMac G5”
à la page 8.
 Vous pouvez transférer des fichiers via Internet en utilisant .Mac ou d’autres comptes
Internet. Pour plus d’informations, rendez-vous sur le site www.mac.com.
 Si votre ordinateur est connecté à un réseau Ethernet, vous pouvez transférer des
fichiers vers un autre ordinateur en réseau. Pour accéder à un autre serveur ou ordinateur, ouvrez une fenêtre du Finder et cliquez sur Réseau. Si vous connaissez le nom
ou l’adresse réseau de l’ordinateur, choisissez Aller > Se connecter au serveur dans la
barre des menus du Finder.
 Vous pouvez créer un réseau Ethernet de petite taille en reliant votre iMac G5 au port
Ethernet d’un autre ordinateur à l’aide d’un câble Ethernet. Pour plus d’informations,
ouvrez l’aide Mac OS et recherchez “Connexion de deux ordinateurs”.
 Vous pouvez également vous connecter à un autre Mac au moyen d’un câble FireWire.
Votre iMac G5 apparaît comme un lecteur de disque sur l’autre ordinateur. Vous pouvez
alors transférer les fichiers. Pour plus d’informations sur l’utilisation de FireWire pour le
transfert de fichiers, consultez la section “Mode disque cible FireWire” à la page 27.
 Vous pouvez vous connecter à un réseau sans fil AirPort pour transférer des fichiers.
Pour plus d’informations, consultez la section “Réseau sans fil AirPort Extreme” à la
page 28.
Pour plus d’informations sur le transfert de fichiers et de documents, ouvrez l’Aide Mac
(voir la page 22) et recherchez “Création d’un petit réseau”.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 20 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 2 Découverte de votre iMac G5 21
Lorsqu’une application ne répond pas
Même si c’est assez rare, il se peut qu’une application se fige à l’écran. Mac OS X permet
de quitter une application qui ne répond plus sans redémarrer votre ordinateur, ce qui
permet d’enregistrer le travail effectué dans d’autres applications ouvertes.
Pour forcer une application à quitter :
1 Appuyez sur Commande (x) + Option + Échap ou choisissez Forcer à quitter dans
le menu Pomme (?).
La zone de dialogue Forcer à quitter des applications apparaît avec l’application
sélectionnée.
2 Cliquez sur Forcer à quitter.
L’application quitte, en laissant toutes les autres applications ouvertes.
Si besoin est, vous pouvez forcer la fermeture de l’environnement Classic, ce qui ferme
alors toutes les applications Mac OS 9. Vous pouvez également redémarrer le Finder à
partir de cette boîte de dialogue.
Si vous rencontrez d’autres difficultés, consultez le chapitre 5, “Dépannage”, à la page 53.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 21 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM22 Chapitre 2 Découverte de votre iMac G5
Obtention de réponses grâce à l’Aide Mac
Vous pouvez trouver des réponses à la plupart de vos questions concernant l’utilisation
de votre ordinateur et de Mac OS X dans l’Aide Mac.
Pour utiliser l’Aide Mac :
1 Cliquez sur l’icône du Finder dans le Dock.
2 Sélectionnez Aide > Aide Mac (cliquez sur le menu Aide et sélectionnez Aide Mac).
3 Tapez une question dans le champ “Posez une question”, puis appuyez sur la touche
Retour du clavier.
4 Double-cliquez sur l’un des éléments apparaissant dans la liste des rubriques d’aide.
Utilisation des applications
Votre iMac G5 est fourni avec des logiciels, dont la suite iLife, qui vous permettront
d’envoyer des messages électroniques, de naviguer sur Internet, de discuter en ligne,
d’organiser vos morceaux de musique et vos photos numériques, de créer des vidéos
et bien plus encore. Pour plus d’informations sur l’une de ces applications, ouvrez cette
dernière puis l’Aide Mac correspondante.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 22 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM3
23
3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur
Votre iMac G5 comporte de nombreuses fonctionnalités
et capacités d’extension intégrées permettant de le
personnaliser selon vos besoins.
Voici quelques-unes des fonctionnalités et capacités de votre ordinateur :
 Des ports USB (Universal Serial Bus) 2.0 à haute vitesse pour la connexion de matériel
supplémentaire, tel qu’une imprimante, un scanneur, une manette de jeu, un clavier,
un appareil photo numérique et un lecteur de disquettes.
 Des ports FireWire 400 pour la connexion de périphériques à haute vitesse, tels que
l’iPod, la caméra iSight, des caméras vidéo numériques et des disques durs externes.
 La technologie Bluetooth pour se connecter sans fil à des périphériques numériques.
 Les toutes dernières technologies de communication, telles qu’un modem 56K v.92
(sur certains modèles), une carte Ethernet 10/100/1000 Base-T et une connexion de
réseau sans fil AirPort Extreme.
 Port combiné sortie casque/sortie audio optique, pour connecter des écouteurs
ou un équipement audio numérique.
 La sortie VGA et l’adaptateur VGA (disponibles sur www.apple.com/francestore) vous
permettent de connecter votre iMac G5 à un moniteur externe ou à un appareil de
projection. Utilisez le port de sortie vidéo de votre ordinateur iMac G5 et l’adaptateur
vidéo Apple (disponible sur www.apple.com/francestore) pour afficher l’écran de votre
ordinateur sur n’importe quel téléviseur gérant le format composite ou S-vidéo.
Pour en savoir plus sur les capacités de votre iMac G5, commencez par lire ce chapitre.
Vous trouverez des informations supplémentaires dans l’Aide Mac (voir la page 22) et
sur le site Web Service & Support d’Apple à l’adresse www.apple.com/fr/support.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 23 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM24 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
Votre iMac G5 est muni de cinq ports USB (d) (trois ports à haute vitesse USB 2.0 sur
l’ordinateur et deux ports USB 1.1 sur le clavier) que vous pouvez utiliser pour connecter
de nombreux types de périphériques tels que les imprimantes, scanners, appareils photo
numériques, manettes de jeu, claviers et lecteurs de disquette. La technologie USB facilite la connexion de périphériques. Dans la plupart des cas, vous pouvez connecter et
déconnecter un périphérique USB pendant que l’ordinateur fonctionne. Vous pouvez
utiliser les périphériques dès leur branchement,
Utilisation de périphériques USB
Pour utiliser un périphérique USB avec votre ordinateur, il suffit de connecter le périphérique à l’ordinateur. L’ordinateur charge le logiciel adéquat chaque fois que vous
connectez un nouveau périphérique.
Les ports USB 2.0 situés à l’arrière de l’ordinateur vous permettent de brancher
des périphériques USB 1.1 et USB 2.0 à haute vitesse. Les périphériques USB 1.1
ne bénéficieront pas du taux de transfert plus rapide de l’USB 2.0.
De même, vous pouvez brancher des périphériques USB 2.0 sur les ports USB 1.1
du clavier, mais ils fonctionneront peut-être à des vitesses moindres.
Remarque : Apple fournit d’origine des logiciels compatibles avec de nombreux périphériques USB. Si votre iMac G5 ne trouve pas le logiciel adéquat pour un périphérique
USB connecté, vous pouvez installer le logiciel fourni avec ce périphérique ou consulter
le site Web du fabricant pour connaître les dernières versions.
Ports USB
d
d
d
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 24 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur 25
Utilisation simultanée de plusieurs périphériques USB
Si tous vos ports USB sont occupés et que vous souhaitez connecter davantage de périphériques USB, vous pouvez vous procurer un concentrateur USB. Ce dernier se connecte
à un port USB disponible de votre ordinateur et vous permet de disposer de ports USB
supplémentaires (en général quatre ou sept). La plupart des concentrateurs USB disposent d’un adaptateur secteur et doivent être branchés sur une prise électrique.
Informations supplémentaires sur la technologie USB
Des informations supplémentaires sur USB sont disponibles dans l’Aide Mac (consultez
la page 22). Choisissez Aide > Aide Mac et recherchez “USB”. Vous trouverez d’autres
informations sur le site Web USB d’Apple, à l’adresse www.apple.com/fr/usb.
Pour obtenir des informations sur les périphériques USB disponibles pour votre ordinateur, consultez le Guide des produits Macintosh à l’adresse www.apple.com/fr/guide.
Concentrateur USB
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 25 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM26 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur
FireWire
Votre ordinateur est muni de deux ports FireWire 400 (H). FireWire facilite la connexion et
déconnexion des périphériques haute vitesse, tels que l’iPod, la caméra iSight, les caméras
vidéo numériques, les imprimantes, les scanneurs et les disques durs. Vous pouvez
connecter et déconnecter des périphériques FireWire sans redémarrer votre ordinateur.
La liste ci-dessous répertorie certaines des opérations possibles avec FireWire :
 Connecter un iPod et transférer des milliers de chansons provenant d’iTunes
ou synchroniser vos adresses et les données de votre agenda à l’aide d’iSync.
 Connecter une caméra iSight Apple et utiliser l’application iChat AV fournie pour
participer à une vidéoconférence avec vos amis ou votre famille via une connexion
Internet à haut débit.
 Connecter une caméra vidéo numérique pour capturer, transférer et faire des montages
vidéo de grande qualité directement sur votre ordinateur au moyen de logiciels
de montage vidéo tels qu’iMovie (fourni avec votre ordinateur), Final Cut Express
ou Final Cut Pro.
 Connecter un disque dur FireWire externe sur le port FireWire et l’utiliser pour sauvegarder des données ou transférer des fichiers. Une icône de disque dur FireWire
s’affiche sur le bureau dès que vous connectez le disque dur à votre iMac G5.
 Démarrer à partir d’un disque dur externe FireWire. Connectez un disque FireWire
externe (équipé d’un système d’exploitation valide), ouvrez la sous-fenêtre Démarrage
des Préférences Système, et cliquez sur le disque FireWire. Redémarrez votre ordinateur.
Ports FireWire
H
H
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 26 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur 27
Utilisation de périphériques FireWire
Pour utiliser un périphérique FireWire avec votre ordinateur, il suffit de connecter ce
périphérique à l’ordinateur. Apple fournit d’origine des logiciels compatibles avec de
nombreux périphériques FireWire. Si votre iMac G5 ne trouve pas le logiciel adéquat
pour un périphérique FireWire connecté, vous pouvez installer le logiciel fourni avec
ce périphérique ou consulter le site Web du fabricant pour obtenir les dernières versions.
Remarque : le port FireWire est conçu pour alimenter les périphériques FireWire (8 watts
maximum). Vous pouvez connecter plusieurs périphériques entre eux et relier en chaîne
les périphériques (“guirlande”) au port FireWire de votre ordinateur. Dans la plupart des
cas, l’ordinateur ne doit pas alimenter plus de deux périphériques. Si vous connectez plus
de deux périphériques, les autres périphériques de la guirlande doivent être alimentés au
travers d’adaptateurs électriques séparés. Connecter plus de deux périphériques FireWire
alimentés par l’ordinateur peut provoquer des problèmes. En cas de problème, éteignez
l’ordinateur, déconnectez les périphériques FireWire, puis redémarrez l’ordinateur.
Mode disque cible FireWire
Si vous souhaitez transférer des fichiers de votre iMac G5 vers un autre ordinateur équipé
de la technologie FireWire ou êtes confronté à un problème empêchant le démarrage
de votre ordinateur, utilisez le mode disque cible FireWire pour vous connecter à un
autre ordinateur.
Pour connecter votre iMac G5 en mode disque cible FireWire, procédez
de la manière suivante :
1 Assurez-vous que votre iMac G5 est éteint.
2 Utilisez un câble FireWire muni d’un connecteur standard à 6 broches à chaque
extrémité pour connecter votre iMac G5 à un autre ordinateur équipé de FireWire.
3 Démarrez votre iMac G5 et appuyez immédiatement sur la touche T en la maintenant
enfoncée.
Le logo FireWire s’affiche sur l’écran de votre iMac G5. L’écran de l’autre ordinateur
affiche l’icône du disque dur interne de votre iMac G5 et l’icône d’un CD ou d’un DVD
inséré dans le lecteur optique de votre iMac G5.
4 Faites glisser l’icône du disque dur de l’iMac G5 et l’icône du CD ou DVD dans la Corbeille
lorsque vous avez terminé le transfert de fichiers.
5 Appuyez sur le bouton d’alimentation du de l’iMac G5 pour l’éteindre.
6 Débranchez le câble FireWire.
Informations supplémentaires sur la technologie FireWire
Des informations supplémentaires sur FireWire sont disponibles dans l’Aide Mac
(consultez la page 22). Choisissez Aide > Aide Mac, puis recherchez “FireWire”.
Vous trouverez d’autres informations sur le site Web FireWire d’Apple, à l’adresse
www.apple.com/fr/firewire.
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Réseau sans fil AirPort Extreme
La technologie AirPort Extreme est déjà installée sur votre iMac G5. AirPort permet
d’accéder sans fil à Internet en toute simplicité et sans vous ruiner n’importe où,
que ce soit chez vous, au bureau ou dans un établissement scolaire. Au lieu de faire
appel à des câbles classiques, AirPort utilise la technologie de réseau local (LAN) sans
fil permettant une communication sans fil entre plusieurs ordinateurs. Un réseau sans
fil vous permet d’établir un accès à Internet, de transférer des fichiers, de jouer à
plusieurs, etc.
Remarque : vous aurez également besoin d’une borne d’accès AirPort et d’un accès
à Internet (ce service peut être payant). Certains fournisseurs d’accès à Internet ne
sont pas encore compatibles avec AirPort. La portée varie en fonction des conditions
d’emplacement.
Fonctionnement de l’accès sans fil à Internet via AirPort
Le système AirPort permet d’établir une connexion sans fil avec un appareil appelé
borne d’accès qui dispose, lui, d’une connexion physique à Internet. La technologie
AirPort fonctionne comme un téléphone sans fil. Grâce à la technologie AirPort
Extreme, votre ordinateur établit une connexion sans fil à une borne d’accès, ellemême connectée à Internet via une ligne téléphonique ou un modem DSL ou câble.
Connexion
à Internet
Sortie CA
Antennes AirPort
Modem câble
ou DSL
Borne d’accès
AirPort Express
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 28 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur 29
Informations complémentaires à propos d’AirPort
Pour acheter une borne d’accès AirPort, contactez votre fournisseur agréé Apple
ou rendez-vous sur le site Web Apple Store, à l’adresse www.apple.com/francestore.
Des informations supplémentaires sur AirPort sont disponibles dans l’Aide AirPort.
Sélectionnez Aide > Aide Mac, puis Centre d’aide > Aide AirPort. Vous pouvez
également trouver des informations sur le site Web AirPort d’Apple à l’adresse
www.apple.com/fr/airport.
Technologie sans fil Bluetooth
La technologie Bluetooth est déjà installée sur votre iMac G5. Cette dernière vous permet
de créer des connexions sans fil de faible portée entre des ordinateurs de bureaux et
portables, des assistants personnels, des téléphones portables, des téléphones appareils
photo, des imprimantes, des appareils photo numériques et des périphériques d’entrée
sans fil tels que le clavier Apple Wireless Keyboard ou la souris Apple Wireless Mouse
(disponibles à la vente sur le site www.apple.com/francestore).
La technologie sans fil Bluetooth permet d’éliminer les câbles reliant normalement les
périphériques. Les périphériques prenant en charge Bluetooth peuvent se connecter
l’un à l’autre sans besoin de liaison physique, dans la mesure où ils sont séparés d’une
distance égale ou inférieure à 10 mètres.
Avec la technologie sans fil Bluetooth, vous pouvez :
 Utiliser votre iMac G5 pour communiquer avec un téléphone mobile prenant en charge
la technologie Bluetooth. Votre téléphone peut servir de modem pour vous connecter
à un fournisseur de services sans fil, à un débit de 56 kilobits par seconde (Kbps)
suffisant pour vous connecter à Internet.
 Échanger des fichiers entre ordinateurs et périphériques prenant en charge Bluetooth,
même entre Mac et PC. Apple recommande l’utilisation du réseau sans fil AirPort
Extreme pour le transfert de tous vos fichiers à l’exception des plus petits.
 Synchroniser des données entre votre ordinateur et un assistant personnel compatible
Bluetooth. À l’aide d’iSync, vous pouvez exécuter une opération HotSync sans fil ou
transmettre votre carte de visite ou encore des événements de calendrier directement
sur le PDA d’un collègue.
 Utiliser un clavier ou une souris sans fil Bluetooth.
 Imprimer vers une imprimante Bluetooth.
 Utiliser un casque d’écoute Bluetooth.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 29 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM30 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur
Configuration d’un périphérique Bluetooth :
Avant de pouvoir utiliser votre téléphone mobile pour accéder à Internet ou échanger
des informations de contact, partager des fichiers avec d’autres périphériques, ou encore
utilisez un clavier ou une souris Bluetooth, vous devez configurer le périphérique pour
qu’il fonctionne avec votre ordinateur. Une fois le périphérique configuré, il est “jumelé”
avec votre ordinateur et apparaît dans la sous-fenêtre Périphériques des Préférences
Bluetooth. Vous n’avez à jumeler l’ordinateur et le périphérique qu’une seule fois et
les deux appareils restent alors jumelés jusqu’à ce que vous en décidiez autrement.
Pour configurer un périphérique Bluetooth :
1 vous pouvez également choisir “Configurer l’appareil Bluetooth” dans le menu d’état
Bluetooth (?) de la barre des menus.
2 Suivez les instructions affichées à l’écran pour le type de périphérique que vous
souhaitez configurer.
Important : si le menu d’état Bluetooth (?) ne se trouve pas dans la barre des menus,
ouvrez les Préférences Système et cliquez sur Bluetooth. Cliquez sur Réglages, puis
sélectionnez “Afficher l’état Bluetooth dans la barre des menus”.
Pour supprimer un jumelage avec un autre périphérique :
1 Ouvrez Préférences Système, puis cliquez sur Bluetooth.
2 Cliquez sur Périphériques et choisissez le périphérique dans la liste.
3 Cliquez alors sur Supprimer le jumelage.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 30 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur 31
Configuration de l’échange de fichiers Bluetooth
Vous pouvez contrôler la manière dont l’ordinateur gère les fichiers échangés entre
appareils Bluetooth. Vous pouvez choisir d’accepter ou de refuser les fichiers envoyés
à votre ordinateur, dans quel dossier placer les fichiers reçus et acceptés, les dossiers
de votre ordinateur que les autres appareils Bluetooth peuvent consulter et les applications à utiliser pour exploiter les fichiers acceptés.
Pour configurer un échange de fichiers Bluetooth :
1 Ouvrez Préférences Système, puis cliquez sur Bluetooth.
2 Cliquez sur Partage.
3 Cochez la case Activé pour l’Échange de fichiers Bluetooth, puis utilisez les menus
locaux pour paramétrer les réglages.
Envoi d’un fichier à un appareil Bluetooth
Votre ordinateur peut envoyer des fichiers vers d’autres appareils Bluetooth situés
dans la zone de couverture de votre ordinateur. Si votre ordinateur n’est pas jumelé
avec l’appareil, il se peut que vous deviez vous authentifier auprès de ce dernier avant
de pouvoir envoyer le fichier. Si vous avez déjà jumelé l’ordinateur à l’appareil, vous
ne devriez pas avoir à vous authentifier.
Pour envoyer un fichier à un appareil Bluetooth :
1 Choisissez Envoyer un fichier dans le menu d’état Bluetooth de la barre des menus.
2 Sélectionnez le fichier que vous souhaitez envoyer puis cliquez sur Envoyer.
3 Choisissez un appareil dans la liste Appareil, puis cliquez sur Envoyer.
Si l’appareil ne se trouve pas dans la liste, cliquez sur Rechercher. Une fois l’appareil
retrouvé, vous pouvez l’ajouter à votre liste de favoris.
Pour plus d’informations sur la technologie sans fil Bluetooth
Pour accéder à l’aide Bluetooth, ouvrez l’applications Échange de fichiers
Bluetooth (dans le dossier Utilitaires du dossier Applications) et sélectionnez
Aide > Aide Bluetooth. Vous trouverez d’autres informations sur le site Web
d’Apple, à l’adresse www.apple.com/fr/bluetooth.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 31 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM32 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur
Ethernet (10/100/1000Base-T)
Votre ordinateur est doté de la technologie de mise en réseau Ethernet 10/100/1000
mégabits par seconde (Mbps) Base-T (paire torsadée), qui permet de vous connecter
à un réseau ou à un modem câble ou DSL.
La connexion à un réseau vous donne accès à d’autres ordinateurs et vous permet
de stocker et de récupérer des informations, d’utiliser les imprimantes d’un réseau,
des modems et une messagerie électronique ou de vous connecter à Internet. Vous
pouvez également partager des fichiers entre deux ordinateurs ou établir un petit
réseau. Le port Ethernet de votre iMac G5 détecte automatiquement les autres périphériques Ethernet. Pour établir des connexions à d’autres périphériques Ethernet,
il est inutile d’utiliser un câble croisé.
 Utilisez un câble Ethernet de catégorie 3 (Cat 3) à quatre paires pour vous connecter
à un réseau Ethernet 10 Base-T.
 Utilisez un câble Ethernet de catégorie 5 (Cat 5) à deux paires pour vous connecter
à un réseau Ethernet 10 Base-T, 100 Base-T ou 1000 Base-T.
Informations supplémentaires sur l’utilisation d’Ethernet
Des informations supplémentaires, expliquant notamment comment établir un réseau
Ethernet et transférer des fichiers via Ethernet, sont disponibles dans l’Aide Mac
(reportez-vous à la page 22). Choisissez Aide > Aide Mac, puis recherchez “Ethernet”
ou “réseau”. Pour obtenir des informations sur les produits réseau que vous pouvez
utiliser avec votre iMac G5, consultez le guide des produits Macintosh à l’adresse
www.apple.com/fr/guide.
Port Ethernet
(10/100/1000Base-T)
G
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 32 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur 33
Support audio
Votre iMac G5 est doté d’un dispositif audio complet, notamment un port combinant
une sortie casque/sortie audio optique permettant de brancher des écouteurs ou un
équipement audio numérique, ainsi qu’un port d’entrée audio analogique.
Port de sortie casque/sortie audio optique
Pour écouter de la musique sans déranger les personnes autour de vous, branchez
une paire d’écouteurs sur le port combiné de sortie casque/sortie audio optique (f).
Vous pouvez également connecter votre iMac G5 à un récepteur AV à l’aide d’un câble
audio optique doté d’une mini-prise pour établir un système de home cinéma basé sur
votre iMac G5.
Port de sortie casque/
sortie audio optique
fdigital
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 33 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM34 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur
Port d’entrée audio
Au dos de l’ordinateur, le port d’entrée audio analogique (,) permet de connecter
un microphone externe sous tension ou d’autres équipements audio pour importer
de l’audio.
Pour sélectionner le périphérique audio d’entrée ou de sortie à employer, utilisez
la sous-fenêtre Son des Préférences Système.
Informations supplémentaires sur l’utilisation de l’audio
L’Aide Mac contient des informations supplémentaires sur l’utilisation de l’audio
(voir la page 22). Choisissez Aide > Aide Mac, puis recherchez “audio” ou “musique.”
Pour obtenir des informations sur les produits audio et de musique que vous pouvez
utiliser avec votre iMac G5, consultez le guide des produits Macintosh à l’adresse
www.apple.com/fr/guide.
Gestion de vidéo externe (VGA, Composite et S-Vidéo)
Votre ordinateur dispose d’un port de sortie vidéo qui vous permet de le connecter
à un moniteur (écran) externe ou à un projecteur VGA à l’aide de l’adaptateur VGA
(disponible sur www.apple.com/francestore).
Vous pouvez également afficher ou enregistrer des images en connectant un téléviseur,
un projecteur vidéo ou un magnétoscope à l’aide de l’adaptateur vidéo Apple (disponible
sur www.apple.com/francestore).
Port d’entrée audio
,
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 34 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur 35
Remarque : l’adaptateur vidéo d’Apple n’est pas compatible avec certains modèles
antérieurs d’iMac.
Lorsque votre iMac G5 est connecté à un moniteur externe ou à un téléviseur, la même
image apparaît sur son écran et sur le moniteur externe (mode appelé recopie vidéo).
Remarque : en raison des limitations d’affichage de la plupart des téléviseurs, la qualité
des images affichées sur un téléviseur sera inférieure à celle des images affichées par
l’écran intégré ou un moniteur externe.
Connexion d’un écran externe ou d’un projecteur
Pour connecter un écran externe ou un projecteur à votre ordinateur à l’aide
d’une connexion VGA :
1 Allumez l’écran externe ou le projecteur.
2 Connectez l’adaptateur VGA Apple au port VGA du moniteur externe ou du projecteur.
3 Connectez l’adaptateur de moniteur VGA d’Apple à votre iMac G5. Votre iMac G5
détecte automatiquement l’écran externe.
Important : pour être sûr que votre iMac G5 détecte automatiquement le moniteur
externe ou le projecteur, veillez à d’abord brancher l’adaptateur VGA à ce moniteur
externe ou projecteur.
4 Utilisez la sous-fenêtre Moniteurs des Préférences Système pour régler la résolution
du moniteur externe ou du projecteur.
Port de sortie vidéo
£
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 35 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM36 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur
Connexion d’un téléviseur, d’un magnétoscope ou de tout autre
appareil vidéo
Pour connecter un téléviseur, un magnétoscope ou tout autre appareil vidéo
à votre iMac G5 :
1 Connectez l’extrémité munie d’une seule fiche de l’adaptateur vidéo d’Apple au port
de sortie vidéo de votre iMac G5.
2 Connectez l’autre extrémité de l’adaptateur au port vidéo composite ou S-vidéo
du téléviseur ou du magnétoscope.
3 Allumez l’appareil.
4 Pour régler l’apparence des images affichées à l’écran, ouvrez la sous-fenêtre
Moniteurs des Préférences Système.
L’image apparaît alors à la fois sur l’iMac G5 et sur le téléviseur.
Informations supplémentaires sur l’utilisation d’un moniteur
externe ou d’un téléviseur
Vous pourrez trouver des informations supplémentaires sur la configuration
et l’utilisation d’un moniteur externe dans l’Aide Mac. Choisissez Aide > Aide Mac,
puis recherchez “moniteur”.
Utilisation de votre lecteur optique
Votre lecteur optique permet d’installer ou d’exécuter des applications à partir de CD
et de DVD. Vous pouvez écouter de la musique à partir d’un CD audio et regarder des
films sur DVD. Vous pouvez également graver des CD de musique lisibles sur la plupart
des lecteurs de CD et enregistrer des documents et autres fichiers numériques sur des
CD-R et CD-RW.
Important : le lecteur optique de votre iMac G5 est compatible avec les disques circulaires standard de 12 cm. Les disques d’une autre forme ou d’un diamètre inférieur à
12 cm ne sont pas compatibles. Les disques non circulaires ou plus petits risquent de
se coincer dans le lecteur. En cas de disque coincé, reportez-vous aux informations de
dépannage à la page 57.
Si votre iMac G5 possède un lecteur SuperDrive, vous pouvez également graver des
vidéos familiales en réalisant des DVD vidéo qui pourront être lus sur la plupart des
lecteurs de DVD de salon, ou bien enregistrer des documents et autres fichiers numériques sur des disques DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+RW et DVD+R Double couche (DL)
vierges, en utilisant le Finder ou iDVD. Vous pouvez placer près de deux fois plus de
données (8,54 Go) sur un disque DVD+R DL (double couche).
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 36 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur 37
Remarque : si vous possédez des logiciels anciens sur disquette, demandez à l’éditeur
s’ils sont disponibles sur CD ou téléchargeables en ligne ou achetez un lecteur de
disquette externe USB pour votre iMac G5 auprès d’un distributeur Apple ou sur
le site Apple Store (www.apple.com/francestore).
Insertion d’un CD ou DVD
Pour installer ou utiliser des logiciels à partir d’un disque CD-ROM ou DVD-ROM,
procédez comme suit :
1 Insérez le disque dans le lecteur optique, en plaçant l’étiquette vers vous.
2 Dès que son icône apparaît sur le bureau, le disque peut être utilisé.
Remarque : certains disques DVD sont à double face.
Éjection d’un disque
Pour éjecter un disque, procédez comme suit :
 Glissez l’icône du disque dans la Corbeille.
 Maintenez enfoncée la touche d’éjection de disque (C) sur le clavier jusqu’à
ce que le disque soit éjecté.
Si vous ne parvenez pas à éjecter le disque, fermez toutes les applications susceptibles
d’utiliser le disque et réessayez. Si cela ne donne pas de résultats, redémarrez l’ordinateur tout en maintenant le bouton de la souris enfoncé.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 37 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM38 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur
Lecture de DVD
Insérez le DVD que vous voulez lire. L’application Lecteur DVD s’ouvre automatiquement
et lance la lecture du disque.
Si vous avez connecté l’iMac G5 à un téléviseur pour regarder vos DVD sur l’écran du
téléviseur, sélectionnez 720 x 480 NTSC (aux États-Unis) ou 720 x 576 PAL (en Europe
et dans d’autres régions) dans la sous-fenêtre Moniteurs des Préférences Système.
Il est très facile de connecter votre iMac G5 à une chaîne stéréo. Utilisez un câble audio
optique muni d’un connecteur mini-prise (en vente sur www.apple.com/francestore)
pour relier le port de sortie combiné casque/sortie audio optique (f) de votre iMac G5
au port d’entrée audio optique de votre récepteur stéréo.
Enregistrement de disques CD-R et CD-RW
Vous pouvez enregistrer des disques CD-R ou CD-RW directement à partir de votre
bibliothèque iTunes.
Pour enregistrer de la musique sur un CD-R ou CD-RW via iTunes :
1 Cliquez sur l’icône d’iTunes dans le Dock.
2 Sélectionnez la liste de lecture à enregistrer.
3 Insérez un disque vierge CD-R ou CD-RW. (Pour une compatibilité optimale avec
les lecteurs CD, utilisez un CD-R).
4 En haut de la fenêtre iTunes, cliquez sur l’option Graver le CD.
Pour enregistrer vos fichiers et dossiers sur un CD-R ou CD-RW à l’aide du Finder :
1 Insérez un disque vierge dans le lecteur optique.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, attribuez un nom au disque. Une icône correspondant au CD apparaît sur le bureau.
3 Glissez des fichiers et dossiers sur l’icône du disque.
4 Choisissez Fichier > Graver le disque ou sélectionnez le disque, puis glissez-le sur l’icône
“Graver le disque“ située dans le Dock.
Pour plus d’informations
 Pour obtenir des informations sur l’enregistrement de fichiers de musique sur un
CD-R à l’aide d’iTunes, ouvrez iTunes et choisissez Aide > Aide iTunes et Music Store.
 Pour obtenir des instructions sur l’utilisation de l’application Lecteur DVD, ouvrez
Lecteur DVD et choisissez Aide > Aide Lecteur DVD.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 38 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur 39
Enregistrement d’informations sur un DVD
Si votre iMac G5 est équipé d’un lecteur SuperDrive, vous pouvez graver vos vidéos
numériques familiales sur DVD+R DL (double couche), DVD±RW ou DVD±R. Vous
pouvez également enregistrer d’autres types de données numériques (vous pouvez
sauvegarder vos fichiers par exemple).
Pour graver des données sur un DVD-R à l’aide du Finder :
1 Insérez un DVD+R DL (double couche), un DVD±RW ou un DVD±R vierge dans
le lecteur.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, attribuez un nom au disque et sélectionnez
le format souhaité. Une icône représentant le DVD apparaît sur le bureau.
3 Double-cliquez sur l’icône du DVD, puis glissez-y des fichiers et des dossiers.
4 Choisissez Fichier > Graver le disque ou sélectionnez le disque, puis glissez-le
sur l’icône “Graver le disque“ située dans le Dock.
Vous pouvez également utiliser iDVD pour créer vos propres DVD personnalisés, les
graver sur DVD vierge et les lire ensuite sur la plupart des lecteurs de DVD standard.
Pour plus d’informations sur l’utilisation d’iDVD, ouvrez iDVD et choisissez Aide >
Aide iDVD.
Commandes du clavier
Les commandes clavier vous permettent de régler rapidement le volume ou d’éjecter
un CD ou un DVD.
Pour augmenter le contraste de l’écran, appuyez sur la touche F15 de votre clavier.
Pour diminuer le contraste, appuyez sur la touche F14.
Avec Exposé, vous pouvez facilement gérer les fenêtres sur l’écran. Pour voir toutes
les fenêtres ouvertes d’un seul coup d’œil, appuyez sur F9. Pour voir toutes les fenêtres
ouvertes dans l’application active, appuyez sur F10. Pour masquer toutes les fenêtres
ouvertes pour pouvoir visualiser le bureau, appuyez sur F11.
Diminution
du volume
Augmentation
du volume
Touche de
mode silencieux
Touche d’éjection
de disque
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 39 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM40 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de votre ordinateur
Protection de votre ordinateur
Insérez un câble de verrouillage (disponible sur www.apple.com/francestore)
dans le logement de sécurité intégré pour attacher votre iMac G5 à un objet fixe.
Des informations supplémentaires sur les fonctionnalités logicielles de sécurité de votre
iMac G5, y compris les mots de passe d’utilisateurs multiples et le cryptage des fichiers,
sont disponibles dans l’Aide Mac (voir la page 22). Choisissez Aide > Aide Mac, puis
recherchez “sécurité” ou “utilisateurs multiples”.
Logement
de sécurité
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 40 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM4
41
4 Extension des capacités de votre
ordinateur
Ce chapitre fournit des informations et des instructions
pour l’extension des capacités de votre ordinateur.
Vous y trouverez des instructions sur les opérations suivantes :
 “Ajout de mémoire” à la page 41.
 “Remplacement de la pile de secours interne” à la page 48.
Ajout de mémoire
Votre iMac G5 contient au moins 512 mégaoctets (Mo) de mémoire DDR-SDRAM
(Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access). Votre iMac G5 dispose
par ailleurs de deux logements de mémoire, dont l’un est généralement libre en vue
d’éventuelles extensions. Il est compatible avec les modules de mémoire répondant
aux spécifications suivantes :
 compatibilité PC-3200 (également appelé DDR-400) ;
 DDR-SDRAM (Double Data Rate-Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) ;
 sans tampon et non enregistrée.
La quantité maximale de mémoire pouvant être contenue par votre iMac G5 est de
2 gigaoctets (Go), via l’insertion de modules de mémoire de 1 Go dans chaque logement. Utilisez Informations Système pour déterminer la quantité de mémoire installée
sur votre iMac G5. Pour accéder à Informations Système, choisissez Pomme (?) >
À propos de ce Mac dans la barre des menus, puis cliquez sur Plus d’infos.
Avertissement : tout dommage causé à votre matériel en tentant d’installer vous-même
de la mémoire n’est pas couvert par la garantie limitée de votre ordinateur.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 41 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM42 Chapitre 4 Extension des capacités de votre ordinateur
Pour installer un module de mémoire :
1 Éteignez votre ordinateur en choisissant menu Pomme (?) > Éteindre. Débranchez
tous les câbles de l’ordinateur, y compris le câble d’alimentation.
2 Placez un linge ou un chiffon propre et doux sur le bureau ou la table. Tout en tenant
l’ordinateur par les côtés, posez-le lentement à plat afin de faire reposer l’écran contre
la surface de la table et de tourner le dessous de l’ordinateur vers vous.
3 Soulevez le socle et utilisez un tournevis cruciforme n°1 pour desserrer les trois vis
imperdables situées sur le dessous de l’ordinateur, en tournant dans le sens contraire
des aiguilles d’une montre.
· Avertissement : le capteur de lumière intégré se situe sur la gauche de la vis du milieu,
comme indiqué sur l’illustration. Ne confondez pas le capteur de lumière avec une vis.
L’introduction d’un tournevis ou de tout autre objet pointu dans le capteur pourrait
endommager votre ordinateur.
Socle
Tournevis
cruciforme
Dévissez
ces 3 vis
Vis
Capteur de
lumière intégré
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 42 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 4 Extension des capacités de votre ordinateur 43
4 Tout en tenant le socle métallique, faites pivoter le couvercle arrière vers le haut pour
le soulever de l’ordinateur. Le couvercle arrière attaché au socle doit venir facilement.
Si ce n’est pas le cas, assurez-vous que les vis sont entièrement dévissées dans le sens
contraire des aiguilles d’une montre, en veillant à ne pas forcer.
5 Pour protéger l’ordinateur contre toute décharge d’électricité statique, reliez-vous
à la terre en touchant la surface métallique à l’intérieur de l’ordinateur.
Avertissement : déchargez-vous toujours de l’électricité statique que vous êtes susceptible d’avoir accumulé avant de toucher ou d’installer tout composant à l’intérieur de
l’ordinateur. Pour éviter de générer de l’électricité statique, ne vous déplacez pas dans
la pièce avant d’avoir achevé l’installation de la mémoire et d’avoir refermé l’ordinateur.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 43 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM44 Chapitre 4 Extension des capacités de votre ordinateur
6 Insérez le module de mémoire en angle droit dans son logement et appuyez doucement dessus pour le fixer. Le module ne s’insère dans le logement que dans un seul
sens. Veillez à aligner les encoches du module avec celles à l’intérieur du logement.
4 1 2 3
iMac 17 pouces
iMac 20 pouces
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 44 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 4 Extension des capacités de votre ordinateur 45
7 Tout en tenant le couvercle arrière par le socle, basculez-le légèrement afin d’aligner
les languettes de son bord supérieur avec les fentes du bord supérieur de l’ordinateur.
Faites pivoter le couvercle arrière vers le bas et appuyez doucement jusqu’à ce qu’il
s’ajuste parfaitement sur l’ordinateur.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 45 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM46 Chapitre 4 Extension des capacités de votre ordinateur
8 Resserrez les trois vis imperdables en les vissant dans le sens des aiguilles
d’une montre. Veillez à ne pas trop les serrer pour ne pas en abîmer la tête.
9 En tenant l’ordinateur par les côtés, tournez-le doucement afin de le remettre à l’endroit.
Rebranchez ensuite les câbles et le cordon d’alimentation que vous avez débranchés
de l’ordinateur.
10 Allumez l’ordinateur en appuyant sur le bouton d’alimentation situé à l’arrière.
· Avertissement : le capteur de lumière intégré se situe sur la gauche de la vis du milieu,
comme indiqué sur l’illustration. Ne confondez pas le capteur de lumière avec une vis.
L’introduction d’un tournevis ou de tout autre objet pointu dans le capteur pourrait
endommager votre ordinateur.
Avertissement : faire fonctionner l’ordinateur lorsqu’il est ouvert ou que certains
de ses composants ont été enlevés peut s’avérer dangereux ou l’endommager.
Socle
Tournevis
cruciforme
Vissez
ces 3 vis
Vis
Capteur de
lumière intégré
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 46 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 4 Extension des capacités de votre ordinateur 47
Vérification de la reconnaissance de la nouvelle mémoire par
votre ordinateur
Après l’installation de mémoire supplémentaire dans votre iMac G5, vérifiez que l’ordinateur reconnaît bien cette nouvelle mémoire. Procédez de la manière suivante :
1 Démarrez votre ordinateur.
2 Lorsque vous voyez apparaître le bureau Mac OS, choisissez menu Pomme (?) >
À propos de ce Mac.
Ce total inclut la quantité de mémoire installée d’origine plus la quantité que vous avez
ajoutée. Pour une répartition plus détaillée de la quantité de mémoire installée dans
votre ordinateur, ouvrez Informations Système en cliquant sur Plus d’infos.
Si votre ordinateur ne reconnaît pas la mémoire ou ne démarre pas correctement,
éteignez-le et vérifiez de nouveau les instructions pour vous assurer que la mémoire
installée est bien compatible avec cet iMac G5 et qu’elle est correctement installée.
Si les problèmes persistent, retirez la mémoire et consultez les informations d’assistance technique fournies avec la mémoire ou contactez le fournisseur de la mémoire.
Mémoire totale
installée dans votre
iMac G5
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 47 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM48 Chapitre 4 Extension des capacités de votre ordinateur
Remplacement de la pile de secours interne
La pile de secours intégrée à votre iMac G5 permet de conserver certains réglages,
comme l’heure et la date, quand l’ordinateur est éteint. Si vous avez des problèmes
pour démarrer votre ordinateur ou que des réglages changent au démarrage, il se
peut que vous deviez changer la pile de secours interne.
Remarque : si votre ordinateur est branché sur un bloc multiprise, Apple vous
recommande de laisser ce bloc allumé pour préserver la longévité de votre pile.
Pour remplacer une pile de secours interne dans votre iMac G5 :
1 Éteignez votre ordinateur en choisissant menu Pomme (?) > Éteindre. Débranchez
tous les câbles de l’ordinateur, y compris le câble d’alimentation.
2 Placez un linge ou un chiffon propre et doux sur le bureau ou la table. Tout en tenant
l’ordinateur par les côtés, posez-le lentement à plat afin de faire reposer l’écran contre
la surface de la table et de tourner le dessous de l’ordinateur vers vous.
3 Soulevez le socle et utilisez un tournevis cruciforme n°1 pour desserrer les trois vis
imperdables situées sur le dessous de l’ordinateur, en tournant dans le sens contraire
des aiguilles d’une montre.
· Avertissement : le capteur de lumière intégré se situe sur la gauche de la vis du milieu,
comme indiqué sur l’illustration. Ne confondez pas le capteur de lumière avec une vis.
L’introduction d’un tournevis ou de tout autre objet pointu dans le capteur pourrait
endommager votre ordinateur.
Socle
Tournevis
cruciforme
Dévissez
ces 3 vis
Vis
Capteur de
lumière intégré
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 48 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 4 Extension des capacités de votre ordinateur 49
4 Tout en tenant le socle métallique, faites pivoter le couvercle arrière vers le haut pour
le soulever de l’ordinateur. Le couvercle arrière attaché au socle doit venir facilement.
Si ce n’est pas le cas, assurez-vous que les vis sont entièrement dévissées dans le sens
contraire des aiguilles d’une montre.
5 Pour protéger l’ordinateur contre toute décharge d’électricité statique, reliez-vous
à la terre en touchant la surface métallique à l’intérieur de l’ordinateur.
Avertissement : déchargez-vous toujours de l’électricité statique que vous êtes susceptible d’avoir accumulé avant de toucher ou d’installer tout composant à l’intérieur de
l’ordinateur. Pour éviter de générer de l’électricité statique, ne vous déplacez pas dans
la pièce avant d’avoir achevé l’installation et d’avoir refermé l’ordinateur.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 49 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM50 Chapitre 4 Extension des capacités de votre ordinateur
6 Pour retirer l’ancienne pile, placez un ongle dans l’encoche, soulevez la pile et glissez-la
en dehors de la languette métallique.
7 Repérez le côté positif (+) de la nouvelle pile. Glissez la pile sous la languette métallique
de façon à ce qu’elle touche le côté positif.
Avertissement : l’installation incorrecte de la pile peut provoquer une explosion.
Assurez-vous de respecter la position des pôles. Utilisez uniquement une pile de type
identique ou une pile équivalente recommandée par le fabricant de la pile d’origine.
4 1 2 3
Languette métallique
Insérez la nouvelle pile
Encoche
Ôtez l’ancienne pile
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 50 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 4 Extension des capacités de votre ordinateur 51
8 Tout en tenant le couvercle arrière par le socle, basculez-le légèrement afin d’aligner
les languettes de son bord supérieur avec les fentes du bord supérieur de l’ordinateur.
Faites pivoter le couvercle arrière vers le bas et appuyez doucement jusqu’à ce qu’il
s’ajuste parfaitement sur l’ordinateur.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 51 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM52 Chapitre 4 Extension des capacités de votre ordinateur
9 Resserrez les trois vis imperdables en les vissant dans le sens des aiguilles d’une
montre. Veillez à ne pas trop les serrer pour ne pas en abîmer la tête.
10 En tenant l’ordinateur par les côtés, tournez-le doucement afin de le remettre à
l’endroit. Rebranchez ensuite les câbles et le cordon d’alimentation que vous avez
débranchés de l’ordinateur.
11 Allumez l’ordinateur en appuyant sur le bouton d’alimentation situé à l’arrière.
Remarque : le remplacement de la pile peut provoquer le rétablissement des valeurs
par défaut de certains réglages tels que la date et l’heure. Vous devrez peut-être également restaurer les réglages de modem dans les applications de communication que
vous utilisez.
Débarrassez-vous de l’ancienne pile selon les instructions de la section “Disposal and
Recycling Information” à la page 86.
· Avertissement : le capteur de lumière intégré se situe sur la gauche de la vis du
milieu, comme indiqué sur l’illustration. Ne confondez pas le capteur de lumière avec
une vis. L’introduction d’un tournevis ou de tout autre objet pointu dans le capteur
pourrait endommager votre ordinateur.
Avertissement : faire fonctionner l’ordinateur lorsqu’il est ouvert ou que certains
de ses composants ont été enlevés peut s’avérer dangereux ou l’endommager.
Socle
Tournevis
cruciforme
Vissez
ces 3 vis
Vis
Capteur de
lumière intégré
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 52 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM5
53
5 Dépannage
Il se peut que vous rencontriez à titre exceptionnel des
problèmes en utilisant votre iMac G5. Dans ce chapitre,
vous trouverez des suggestions pour résoudre ces
problèmes.
Ce chapitre apporte des solutions aux problèmes qui vous empêchent de travailler
avec votre ordinateur, tels que le blocage du système ou de l’ordinateur. Vous trouverez d’autres informations de dépannage dans l’Aide Mac (voir la page 22) et sur
le site Web Service & Support d’Apple à l’adresse www.apple.com/fr/support.
Lorsque vous rencontrez un problème avec votre ordinateur, sachez qu’il existe généralement une solution simple et rapide. Dans un tel cas, essayez de noter les opérations
que vous avez effectuées avant que le problème ne survienne. Ce récapitulatif permet
de restreindre les causes possibles du problème et de trouver la solution. Les éléments
à noter comprennent :
 Les applications que vous étiez en train d’utiliser quand le problème est apparu.
Les problèmes qui n’apparaissent qu’avec une application spécifique peuvent indiquer que cette application n’est pas compatible avec la version de Mac OS installée
sur votre ordinateur.
 Tout logiciel installé récemment. Certaines applications installent des extensions
qui peuvent ne pas être compatibles avec l’environnement Classic.
 Tout nouveau composant matériel connecté ou installé (mémoire supplémentaire
ou périphérique, par exemple).
Problèmes vous empêchant d’utiliser votre ordinateur
Si l’ordinateur ne répond pas ou que le pointeur se fige
 Assurez-vous tout d’abord que la souris et le clavier sont connectés. Débranchez puis
rebranchez les connecteurs et vérifiez qu’ils sont correctement mis en place. Si vous
avez un clavier ou une souris sans fil, vérifiez que les piles sont en état de marche.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 53 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM54 Chapitre 5 Dépannage
 Si cela ne donne pas de résultats, essayez de forcer la fermeture des applications
posant problème. Maintenez les touches Option et Commande (x) enfoncées, puis
appuyez sur Échap. Si une zone de dialogue apparaît, sélectionnez-y l’application
et cliquez sur Forcer à quitter. Ensuite, enregistrez le travail de toute application
ouverte, puis redémarrez l’ordinateur afin de vous assurer que le problème est
entièrement réglé.
 Si vous ne parvenez pas à forcer la fermeture de l’application, maintenez le bouton
d’alimentation (®) situé à l’arrière de l’ordinateur enfoncé pour l’éteindre.
 Si cela reste sans effets, débranchez le câble d’alimentation de l’ordinateur.
Rebranchez-le, puis appuyez sur le bouton d’alimentation (®) de l’ordinateur
pour le rallumer.
Si le problème survient fréquemment lorsque vous utilisez une application particulière,
consultez le fabricant de cette dernière pour vérifier si elle est compatible avec votre
ordinateur.
Pour l’assistance et les informations de contact relatives aux logiciels fournis avec votre
ordinateur, rendez-vous sur www.apple.com/guide.
Si le problème se reproduit fréquemment, réinstallez éventuellement votre logiciel
système (voir “Réinstallation des logiciels fournis avec votre ordinateur” à la page 55).
Si l’ordinateur se bloque lors du démarrage ou si un point d’interrogation
clignote à l’écran
 Patientez quelques secondes. Si l’ordinateur ne démarre pas après un certain temps,
éteignez-le en maintenant le bouton d’alimentation (®) enfoncé pendant 5 secondes,
jusqu’à ce qu’il s’éteigne complètement. Maintenez ensuite la touche Option enfoncée,
puis appuyez de nouveau sur le bouton d’alimentation (®) pour démarrer votre ordinateur. Lorsque votre ordinateur démarre, cliquez sur l’icône du disque dur, puis sur
la flèche droite.
 Une fois que l’ordinateur a démarré, ouvrez Préférences Système et cliquez
sur Démarrage. Sélectionnez un dossier Système Mac OS X.
 Si le problème se reproduit fréquemment, réinstallez éventuellement votre logiciel
système (voir “Réinstallation des logiciels fournis avec votre ordinateur” à la page 55).
Si l’ordinateur ne s’allume pas ou ne démarre pas
 Assurez-vous que le câble d’alimentation est connecté à l’ordinateur et branché
sur une prise électrique en état de marche.
 Si le problème persiste, appuyez sur le bouton d’alimentation (®) et maintenez
enfoncées les touches Commande (x), Option, P et R jusqu’à entendre une seconde
fois le signal de démarrage.
 Si vous avez récemment ajouté de la mémoire, assurez-vous qu’elle est correctement
installée et compatible avec votre ordinateur. Vérifiez si son retrait permet à l’ordinateur de démarrer (voir la page 41).
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 54 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 5 Dépannage 55
 Si cela reste sans effet, débranchez le câble d’alimentation et attendez au moins 30
secondes. Rebranchez-le, puis appuyez de nouveau sur le bouton d’alimentation (®)
de l’ordinateur pour le rallumer.
 Si vous ne réussissez toujours pas à démarrer, consultez les informations sur
les options de services et d’assistance fournies avec votre iMac G5 pour savoir
comment contacter Apple.
Réinstallation des logiciels fournis avec votre ordinateur
Les disques d’installation de logiciels fournis avec votre ordinateur permettent de réinstaller Mac OS X et les applications livrées avec votre ordinateur, et d’installer Mac OS 9.
Important : Apple vous recommande de sauvegarder les données de votre disque dur
avant de procéder à la restauration du logiciel. Apple décline toute responsabilité en
cas de perte de données.
Installation de Mac OS X
Pour installer Mac OS X :
1 Sauvegardez vos fichiers importants si cela est possible.
2 Insérez le “Mac OS X Install Disk 1” livré avec votre ordinateur.
3 Double-cliquez sur “Install Mac OS X and Bundled Software”.
4 Suivez les instructions à l’écran.
5 Après avoir sélectionné le disque de destination pour l’installation, suivez les instructions à l’écran. Il se peut que votre ordinateur redémarre et vous demande d’insérer
le prochain disque d’installation de Mac OS X.
Important : nous vous conseillons de sauvegarder vos fichiers importants avant d’installer
Mac OS X et les autres applications car l’option “Effacer et installer” efface votre disque
de destination.
Installation des applications
Pour installer les applications fournies avec votre ordinateur, veuillez procéder comme
suit. Mac OS X doit déjà être installé sur votre ordinateur.
Pour installer Mac OS X :
1 Sauvegardez vos fichiers importants si cela est possible.
2 Insérez le “Mac OS X Install Disk 1” livré avec votre ordinateur.
3 Double-cliquez sur “Install Bundled Software Only.”
4 Suivez les instructions à l’écran.
5 Après avoir sélectionné le disque de destination pour l’installation, suivez les instructions
à l’écran.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 55 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM56 Chapitre 5 Dépannage
Remarque : pour installer iCal, iChat AV, iSync, iTunes et Safari, suivez les instructions
“Installation de Mac OS X” en page précédente.
Installation de Mac OS 9
À la livraison de votre iMac G5, Mac OS 9 n’est pas installé. Pour utiliser les applications
Mac OS 9 avec votre ordinateur, vous devez installer Mac OS X à partir du disque
d’installation 2 de Mac OS X.
Pour installer Mac OS 9 :
1 Sauvegardez vos fichiers importants si cela est possible.
2 Insérez le “Mac OS X Install Disk 2” livré avec votre ordinateur.
3 Double-cliquez sur “Install Mac OS 9 System Support”.
4 Suivez les instructions à l’écran.
5 Après avoir sélectionné le disque de destination pour l’installation, suivez les instructions
à l’écran.
Autres problèmes
En cas de problème avec une application
 Pour les problèmes liés aux logiciels provenant d’éditeurs tiers, contactez l’éditeur
concerné. Les éditeurs de logiciels proposent souvent des mises à jour de leurs
produits sur leurs sites Web. Vous pouvez utiliser la sous-fenêtre Mise à jour de logiciels des Préférences Système pour configurer votre iMac G5 afin qu’il recherche
et installe automatiquement les derniers logiciels Apple. Pour plus d’informations,
choisissez Aide > Aide Mac, puis recherchez “mise à jour de logiciels”.
En cas de problèmes avec les communications sans fil AirPort
 Vérifiez que vous avez correctement configuré le logiciel en respectant les instructions
fournies avec la borne d’accès AirPort Extreme ou AirPort Express.
 Vérifiez que l’ordinateur ou le réseau auquel vous souhaitez vous connecter est
activé et dispose d’un point d’accès sans fil.
 Assurez-vous que l’autre ordinateur ou le point d’accès au réseau se trouve dans
la zone de couverture de l’antenne de votre ordinateur. Des appareils électroniques
ou des structures métalliques se trouvant à proximité peuvent interférer avec les
communications sans fil et réduire la portée de votre antenne. Vous pouvez éventuellement améliorer la réception en réorientant l’ordinateur.
 Vérifiez la puissance du signal AirPort. L’icône d’état AirPort de la barre des menus
affiche jusqu’à quatre barres.
 Des problèmes de fonctionnement de réseau peuvent survenir si votre borne d’accès
est fréquemment utilisée à proximité d’un four micro-ondes, d’un téléphone sans fil
ou autres sources d’interférences. Pour minimiser les interférences, placez votre borne
d’accès loin de ces appareils.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 56 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMChapitre 5 Dépannage 57
 Pour plus d’informations sur l’utilisation et le dépannage de AirPort, sélectionnez
Aide > Aide Mac, puis choisissez Centre d’aide > Aide AirPort.
En cas de problèmes avec l’éjection d’un disque
 Quittez toutes les applications susceptibles de solliciter le disque et appuyez
sur la touche d’éjection de disque (C) de votre clavier.
 Si cela ne fonctionne pas, ouvrez une fenêtre du Finder et cliquez sur l’icône d’éjection à côté de celle de disque dans la barre latérale ou faites glisser l’icône du disque
du bureau jusqu’à la Corbeille.
 Si cela ne donne pas de résultats, redémarrez l’ordinateur tout en maintenant
le bouton de la souris enfoncé.
En cas de problèmes de connexion à Internet
 Assurez-vous que votre ligne téléphonique ou que votre câble réseau est connecté
et qu’il fonctionne correctement.
 Si vous utilisez une connexion Internet par appel commuté, vérifiez que votre câble
téléphonique est relié au port modem (représenté par le symbole W) et non au port
Ethernet (symbole G).
 Consultez “Connexion à Internet” à la page 67 pour en savoir plus sur la configuration de votre ordinateur en vue de la connexion à Internet. Vous y découvrirez
comment localiser vos réglages Internet ainsi que les coordonnées de votre fournisseur d’accès à Internet (si vous vous êtes servi de l’Assistant réglages pour établir
votre compte Internet).
 Consultez “Dépannage de votre connexion” à la page 83 en cas de problème de
connexion à Internet.
En cas de problèmes de fonctionnement de votre ordinateur ou de Mac OS
 Si les réponses à vos questions ne figurent pas dans ce manuel, recherchez des
instructions et des informations de dépannage dans l’Aide Mac. Dans le Finder,
choisissez Aide > Aide Mac.
 Pour obtenir les dernières informations de dépannage et des mises à jour de logiciels, consultez le site Web d’assistance Apple, à l’adresse www.apple.com/fr/support.
Si vos réglages de date et heure disparaissent régulièrement
 La pile de secours interne de votre ordinateur a peut-être besoin d’être remplacée.
Pour toute information supplémentaire, consultez la section “Remplacement de la
pile de secours interne” à la page 48.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 57 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM58 Chapitre 5 Dépannage
Localisation du numéro de série de votre produit
Le numéro de série de votre iMac G5 est apposé sous son socle. Vous le trouverez
également dans les Informations Système. Pour y accéder, choisissez Pomme (?) >
À propos de ce Mac dans la barre de menus, puis cliquez sur Plus d’infos. Cliquez sur
le triangle Matériel pour afficher le numéro de série.
Utilisation de Apple Hardware Test
Apple Hardware Test vous aide à déterminer s’il existe un problème matériel sur votre
ordinateur.
Pour utiliser Apple Hardware Test :
1 Déconnectez tous les périphériques de votre ordinateur sauf le clavier et la souris.
Si un câble Ethernet est connecté, déconnectez-le.
2 Insérez le “Mac OS X Install Disk 1” livré avec votre ordinateur.
3 Puis redémarrez votre ordinateur en maintenant la touche Option enfoncée lors
du démarrage.
4 Cliquez sur Apple Hardware Test lorsque la liste des volumes de démarrage
disponibles apparaît.
5 Cliquez sur la flèche droite.
6 Lorsque l’écran principal Apple Hardware Test apparaît (environ 45 secondes plus tard),
suivez les instructions affichées à l’écran.
7 En cas de détection d’un problème, Apple Hardware Test affiche un code d’erreur.
Notez le code d’erreur avant d’entreprendre les démarches d’assistance. Si Apple Hardware Test ne détecte pas de panne matérielle, il est probable que le problème soit lié
aux logiciels.
Pour en savoir plus sur Apple Hardware Test, consultez le fichier Ouvrez-moi d’Apple
Hardware Test situé sur le “Mac OS X Install Disk 1”.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 58 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM 59
A Annexe
A Caractéristiques
Vous pouvez utiliser Informations Système pour trouver
des informations détaillées sur votre iMac G5, telles que
la quantité de mémoire intégrée, la taille du disque dur, les
périphériques connectés et le numéro de série du produit.
Pour accéder aux Informations Système, choisissez Pomme (?) > À propos de ce Mac
dans la barre de menus, puis cliquez sur Plus d’infos.
Pour plus d’informations, vous pouvez consulter les sites Internet
www.apple.com/fr/iMac et www.apple.com/fr/support.
Dans la fenêtre
apparaissant, cliquez sur
les triangles pour
afficher ou cacher le
contenu des différentes
catégories.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 59 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMF3027Q45C\D.book Page 60 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM 61
B Annexe
B Consignes d’entretien,
d’utilisation et de sécurité
Afin d’assurer votre propre sécurité et de préserver votre
matériel, veillez à observer les consignes exposées dans
cette annexe pour le nettoyage et la manipulation de
votre ordinateur, ainsi que l’aménagement d’un espace
de travail confortable.
Nettoyage de votre iMac G5
Respectez les règles suivantes lors du nettoyage de votre ordinateur et de ses
accessoires :
• Éteignez votre iMac G5 et débranchez tous les câbles.
• Pour nettoyer le boîtier de l’ordinateur, utilisez un chiffon doux, humide et non
pelucheux. Évitez les infiltrations d’humidité par quelque ouverture que ce soit.
Ne vaporisez jamais de liquide directement sur l’ordinateur.
• N’utilisez ni aérosols, ni dissolvant, ni abrasifs.
Nettoyage de l’écran de votre iMac G5
Pour nettoyer l’écran de votre iMac G5, procédez comme suit :
• Éteignez votre iMac G5 et débranchez tous les câbles.
• Humidifiez, à l’eau seulement, un chiffon propre, doux et non pelucheux et essuyez
l’écran. Ne vaporisez jamais de liquide directement sur l’écran.
Transport de votre iMac G5
Avant de soulever ou de repositionner votre ordinateur, vous devez débrancher tous
les câbles et les prises qui y sont connectés.
Pour soulever ou déplacer l’ordinateur, tenez-le par les côtés.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 61 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM62 Annexe B Consignes d’entretien, d’utilisation et de sécurité
Consignes de sécurité pour la configuration et l’utilisation
de votre ordinateur
Pour votre propre sécurité et celle de votre matériel, respectez toujours les consignes
suivantes.
Débranchez le câble d’alimentation (en tirant sur la fiche plutôt que sur le câble)
et le câble téléphonique si l’un des cas suivants se présente :
• Vous souhaitez retirer un composant quelconque.
• Le câble ou la fiche d’alimentation est usé(e) ou endommagé(e).
• Vous avez renversé quelque chose dans le boîtier de l’ordinateur.
• Votre ordinateur est exposé à la pluie ou à une humidité excessive.
• Votre ordinateur est tombé ou son boîtier a été endommagé de quelque autre façon.
• Votre ordinateur doit être inspecté ou réparé.
• Vous devez nettoyer le boîtier (pour ce faire, suivez à la lettre les instructions fournies
précédemment).
Important : la seule manière de couper complètement l’alimentation de l’ordinateur
consiste à débrancher le câble d’alimentation et le câble téléphonique. Assurez-vous
qu’au moins une extrémité du câble d’alimentation se trouve à portée de main afin
de pouvoir débrancher l’ordinateur si nécessaire.
Observez toujours les consignes ci-dessous :
• Évitez de placer votre ordinateur à proximité d’un évier, d’un lavabo, d’une baignoire,
d’une douche, etc.
• Protégez votre ordinateur de l’humidité et des intempéries (neige, pluie...).
• Lisez soigneusement les instructions d’installation avant de brancher votre
ordinateur sur une prise murale.
• Gardez ces instructions dans un endroit facile d’accès pour vous et pour
les utilisateurs éventuels.
• Suivez toutes les instructions et mises en garde concernant votre système.
Avertissement : votre cordon d’alimentation CA est livré avec une fiche de terre à trois
broches (fiche équipée d’une troisième broche de mise à la terre). Cette fiche ne peut
être branchée que sur une prise CA reliée à la terre. Si vous ne pouvez pas brancher la
fiche parce que la prise n’est pas reliée à la terre, contactez un électricien agréé pour
qu’il remplace cette dernière par une prise reliée à la terre. Ne dérogez en aucun cas
à cette consigne.
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Important : le matériel électrique peut s’avérer dangereux s’il n’est pas utilisé
correctement. L’utilisation de ce produit ou de tout produit similaire doit toujours être
supervisée par un adulte. Ne permettez pas aux enfants de toucher les composants
internes de tout appareil électrique, ni de manipuler des câbles électriques.
Connecteurs et ports
Ne forcez jamais un connecteur dans un port. Si vous ne parvenez pas à brancher le
connecteur sur le port sans forcer, c’est qu’ils ne sont pas adaptés. Assurez-vous que le
connecteur est adapté au port et que vous l’avez positionné correctement par rapport
à ce dernier.
Prévention des dommages auditifs
Avertissement : n’introduisez jamais d’objets d’aucune sorte dans les ouvertures
du boîtier. Cela peut être dangereux et provoquer un incendie ou un choc électrique.
Avertissement : l’utilisation d’écouteurs ou de casques d’écoute réglés sur un niveau
de volume trop élevé peut entraîner une perte durable de l’acuité auditive. Il est
possible de supporter petit à petit des volumes sonores de plus en plus élevés qui
peuvent sembler normaux à la longue, mais qui risquent néanmoins d’endommager
votre ouïe. Réglez le volume de votre iMac G5 à un niveau normal avant que le
problème ne survienne. En cas de bourdonnements dans les oreilles, baissez le
volume ou cessez d’utiliser les écouteurs ou le casque d’écoute avec votre iMac G5.
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Ergonomie
Siège
Optez pour un siège de bureau réglable et offrant un dossier et une assise confortables.
Réglez la hauteur du siège de sorte que vos cuisses reposent à l’horizontale et vos pieds
à plat sur le sol. Le dossier du siège doit soutenir votre région lombaire, c’est-à-dire la
partie inférieure de votre dos. Suivez les instructions du fabricant de sorte que le réglage
du dossier soit parfaitement adapté à votre morphologie.
Au besoin, relevez le siège de manière à ce que vos avant-bras et vos mains soient
placés correctement par rapport au clavier. Si, dans ce cas, vos pieds ne reposent plus
à plat sur le sol, utilisez un repose-pied inclinable et réglable en hauteur. Vous pouvez
également abaisser le niveau du plan de travail pour éviter l’emploi d’un repose-pied.
Une troisième solution consiste à utiliser un bureau dont le poste de saisie est situé
plus bas que le plan de travail.
Écran
Placez le moniteur de manière à ce que le haut de l’écran soit légèrement en dessous
du niveau de vos yeux quand vous êtes assis au clavier. Il vous appartient de juger de
la meilleure distance entre vos yeux et l’écran. Elle se situe en général entre 45 et 70 cm.
Orientez l’écran de manière à ce qu’il reflète le moins possible la lumière provenant
de l’éclairage et des fenêtres.
Souris
Veillez à ce que la souris se trouve à hauteur du clavier. Ménagez un espace suffisant
pour la manipuler avec aisance..
Cuisses légèrement
inclinées
Épaules détendues
Écran positionné de façon
à éviter tout reflet éblouissant
Avant-bras et mains
en ligne droite
Avant-bras
légèrement inclinés
Bas du dos soutenu
Pieds fixes au sol
ou sur un repose-pied
Haut de l'écran au niveau des yeux ou juste
en dessous (Il se peut que vous deviez ajuster
la hauteur de votre écran en élevant ou en
rabaissant votre plan de travail.)
Côté inférieur au plan de travail dégagé
45–70 cm
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Clavier
Veillez à maintenir vos épaules relâchées lorsque vous utilisez le clavier. Le bras et
l’avant-bras doivent former un angle droit, la main étant placée dans le prolongement
du poignet.
Adoptez une frappe légère avec les mains et les doigts détendus. Évitez de replier
les pouces à l’intérieur des paumes.
Modifiez fréquemment la position de vos mains pour éviter la fatigue. Après un effort
continu et intensif, certains utilisateurs ressentent des douleurs aux mains, aux poignets
ou aux bras. Si ces douleurs persistent, consultez un spécialiste.
Pour plus d’informations
Rendez-vous sur le site Web www.apple.com/about/ergonomics.
Apple et l’environnement
Apple Computer, Inc. reconnaît sa responsabilité en matière de réduction de l’impact
de ses produits et de ses activités sur l’environnement.
Pour plus d’informations
Rendez-vous sur le site www.apple.com/environment/summary.html.
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C Annexe
C Connexion à Internet
Votre ordinateur vous permet de naviguer sur le Web,
d’échanger du courrier électronique avec vos amis et
votre famille ou de dialoguer en temps réel via Internet.
Suivez les instructions de ce guide détaillé pour vous
connecter à Internet.
Lors du premier démarrage de Mac OS X, l’Assistant réglages vous aide à saisir
vos informations de configuration Internet.
Si vous n’avez pas utilisé l’Assistant réglages pour configurer votre connexion à Internet,
vous pouvez l’utiliser maintenant. Ouvrez Préférences Système, puis cliquez sur Réseau.
Cliquez sur le bouton “Assistez-moi” pour ouvrir l’Assistant réglages de réseau. Si vous
ne souhaitez pas utiliser cet Assistant, vous pouvez réaliser votre connexion manuellement
à l’aide des informations données dans cette annexe.
Il existe quatre types de connexion à Internet :
• Connexion par ligne téléphonique : l’ordinateur est relié à une prise téléphonique
murale via un câble téléphonique (pour les ordinateurs comprenant un modem).
• Connexion à haut débit via un modem câble ou DSL : l’ordinateur est relié via
un câble Ethernet à un modem spécial fourni par un FAI.
• Connexion sans fil AirPort Extreme : l’ordinateur est connecté sans fil à Internet
via une borne d’accès Airport Extreme ou AirPort Express.
• Réseau local (LAN) : l’ordinateur est connecté à un réseau local via un câble
Ethernet. C’est le type de connexion habituellement utilisé dans les entreprises.
Avant de vous connecter à Internet :
1 Procurez-vous un compte auprès d’un FAI si vous n’en possédez pas encore. Vous
pouvez consulter votre annuaire téléphonique pour trouver un fournisseur d’accès
à Internet. Consultez les rubriques “accès Internet”, “services Internet” ou “en ligne”.
Remarque : si vous choisissez America Online, sautez l’étape Réglages Internet de
l’Assistant réglages. Vous devez utiliser le programme d’installation d’AOL. Ouvrez
ce programme, puis suivez les instructions à l’écran pour configurer AOL.
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2 Procurez-vous les informations de connexion auprès de votre FAI ou de votre
administrateur réseau. Consultez la section “Fiche technique Assistant réglages” à la
page 69 pour savoir quelles sont les informations dont vous avez besoin pour chaque
type de connexion.
Dans certains cas, si un autre ordinateur se trouvant au même emplacement est déjà
connecté à Internet, vous pouvez probablement utiliser ses réglages.
Pour accéder aux réglages sur un ordinateur Mac OS X :
• Ouvrez la sous-fenêtre Réseau des Préférences Système.
• Dans le menu local Afficher, sélectionnez votre mode de connexion.
• Copiez les informations concernant votre connexion.
Pour accéder aux réglages sur un ordinateur Mac OS 9 :
• Ouvrez le tableau de bord TCP/IP.
• Rechercher le mode de connexion dans le menu local “Connexion”.
• Recherchez la configuration dans le menu local Configurer.
• Notez l’adresse IP, le masque de sous-réseau et l’adresse du routeur figurant
dans les champs correspondants.
Pour accéder aux réglages sur un PC Windows :
Les informations de connexion d’un PC Windows se trouvent à deux endroits.
• Pour trouver l’adresse IP et le masque de sous-réseau, ouvrez le tableau de bord
“Connexions réseau et Internet”.
• Pour accéder aux informations relatives aux comptes d’utilisateurs, ouvrez le tableau
de bord Comptes d’utilisateurs.
Vous pouvez écrire ces informations directement sur les pages suivantes, puis les saisir
dans l’Assistant réglages.
3 Si vous utilisez un modem téléphonique, branchez un câble téléphonique (inclus avec
la plupart des ordinateurs Macintosh) sur le port modem de votre ordinateur et sur une
prise téléphonique murale. Si vous disposez d’un modem DSL ou câble, connectez-le à
votre ordinateur en suivant les instructions incluses.
4 Allumez votre ordinateur et saisissez les informations dans l’Assistant réglages pour
configurer votre connexion à Internet.
Remarque : si vous avez déjà démarré votre ordinateur et configuré votre connexion à
Internet sans utiliser l’Assistant réglages, sélectionnez Pomme (?) > Préférences Système
et cliquez sur Réseau. Puis cliquez sur “Assistez-moi”. L’Assistant réglages s’ouvre.
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Fiche technique Assistant réglages
Vous pouvez noter sur ces pages les informations obtenues auprès de votre
Fournisseur d’Accès à Internet (FAI), de votre administrateur réseau ou de votre
autre ordinateur, puis les saisir dans l’Assistant réglages de réseau.
Sélectionnez la méthode utilisée par votre ordinateur pour se connecter
à Internet.
Pour configurer une connexion par ligne commutée, entrez les informations
suivantes :
Pour configurer une connexion par modem câble ou DSL, ou via un
réseau local :
1 Choisissez votre type de connexion. Renseignez-vous auprès de votre FAI.
Modem téléphonique
Modem câble
Modem DSL
Réseau local (Ethernet)
Sans fil
Nom d’utilisateur
Mot de passe
Numéro de téléphone FAI
Préfixe pour obtenir la ligne externe
Manuellement
Utilisation de DHCP avec une adresse manuelle
Via DHCP
Via BootP
PPP
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2 Saisissez les informations fournies par votre FAI :
Si vous avez sélectionné “Manuellement” ou “Utilisation de DHCP avec
une adresse manuelle”*, saisissez les informations suivantes :
* Si vous avez sélectionné “Utilisation de DHCP avec une adresse manuelle”, il n’est pas nécessaire de saisir un masque
de réseau ou une adresse de routeur.
Si vous avez sélectionné “Via DHCP”, saisissez :
Remarque : le numéro de client DHCP est facultatif et il est possible qu’il ne soit
pas nécessaire. Demandez conseil à votre FAI.
Si vous avez sélectionné “PPP (pour les connexions PPPoE)”, saisissez :
Adresse IP
Masque de sous-réseau
Adresse du routeur
Numéro de client DHCP
Fournisseur d’accès (facultatif)
Nom de service PPPoE (facultatif)
Nom de compte
Mot de passe
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Les informations ci-après sont facultatives. Demandez à votre FAI
s’il est nécessaire de les saisir.
Configuration manuelle de votre connexion à Internet
Lorsque vous avez accompli, à l’aide de l’Assistant réglages, les instructions des pages
précédentes, vous avez terminé la configuration de votre connexion à Internet. Si vous
ne souhaitez pas utiliser l’Assistant réglages ou si vous souhaitez simplement modifier
des parties spécifiques de votre configuration Internet, suivez les instructions suivantes
pour configurer manuellement votre connexion.
Pour saisir vos informations manuellement, suivez les étapes correspondant à votre
mode de connexion.
• Modem téléphonique avec connexion PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) (reportez-vous
à la page 71)
• Connexion par modem câble, ligne DSL ou réseau LAN avec les configurations
suivantes :
• Manuelle (reportez-vous à la page 76)
• DHCP (reportez-vous à la page 77)
• PPPoE (reportez-vous à la page 78)
• Connexion sans fil AirPort (reportez-vous à la page 80)
Connexion commutée
Le modem téléphonique constitue la manière la plus courante de se connecter à
Internet. Votre modem utilise une méthode appelée PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)
pour se connecter à un FAI.
Assurez-vous que votre modem est branché sur une ligne téléphonique et que
vous disposez des informations fournies par votre FAI (reportez-vous à la page 69).
Hôtes DNS (facultatif pour DHCP & BootP)
Nom de domaine (facultatif)
Serveur proxy (facultatif)
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Pour configurer les préférences Réseau pour le port modem interne :
1 Choisissez Pomme (?) > Préférences Système dans la barre des menus.
2 Cliquez sur Réseau.
3 Choisissez Configuration des ports réseau dans le menu local Afficher, puis cochez
la case Activé à côté de Modem interne.
4 Faites glisser Modem interne en haut de la liste Configurations de port pour en faire
l’interface réseau préférée ou principale.
5 Choisissez Modem interne dans le menu local Afficher et cliquez sur PPP.
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6 Saisissez les informations fournies par votre FAI, puis cliquez sur Appliquer.
Pour tester votre configuration Internet :
1 Ouvrez l’application Connexion à Internet (dans le dossier Applications).
2 Cliquez sur l’icône Modem interne si nécessaire.
3 Tapez le numéro de téléphone de connexion de votre FAI, votre nom de compte
et votre mot de passe, si nécessaire.
4 Cliquez sur Se connecter.
L’application Connexion à Internet compose le numéro de votre FAI et établit
une connexion.
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Pour vous connecter automatiquement au démarrage d’une application Internet,
telle qu’un navigateur Web ou une application de courrier électronique :
1 Cliquez sur Options PPP (dans la sous-fenêtre PPP des préférences Réseau).
2 Cochez la case “Se connecter automatiquement si nécessaire”.
3 Cliquez sur OK, puis sur Appliquer.
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Connexions à Internet par ligne DSL, modem câble ou
réseau LAN
Si vous vous connectez à Internet soit à l’aide d’un modem DSL ou câble, soit via un
réseau LAN Ethernet, demandez à votre FAI ou à votre administrateur réseau comment
vous devriez configurer votre connexion à Internet :
• Manuellement : avec une configuration manuelle, votre FAI ou votre administrateur
réseau vous communique une adresse IP statique et d’autres informations à saisir
dans les préférences Réseau.
• Utilisation du protocole DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) : avec une
configuration DHCP, le serveur DHCP saisit automatiquement les informations à votre
place.
• Utilisation du protocole PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) : si vous
utilisez un modem DSL et que vous avez besoin d’un nom d’utilisateur et d’un mot
de passe pour vous connecter à Internet, vous devrez éventuellement configurer
votre réseau pour qu’il utilise le protocole PPPoE.
Lors de la configuration de votre réseau, veillez à garder les informations fournies
par votre FAI à portée de main (reportez-vous à la page 69).
Pour configurer les préférences Réseau pour le port Ethernet intégré :
1 Choisissez Pomme (?) > Préférences Système dans la barre des menus.
2 Cliquez sur Réseau.
3 Dans le menu local Afficher, sélectionnez Configurations de ports réseau.
4 Cochez la case Activé à côté d’Ethernet intégré.
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5 Faites glisser Ethernet intégré en haut de la liste Configurations de port pour en faire
l’interface réseau préférée ou principale.
Suivez ensuite les instructions de configuration manuelle de votre réseau, via DHCP
ou PPPoE, selon les recommandations de votre FAI ou de votre administrateur réseau.
Configuration manuelle
Ayez à portée de main votre adresse IP statique, l’adresse du routeur et le masque
de sous-réseau fournis par votre FAI (reportez-vous à la page 69).
Pour effectuer une configuration manuelle :
1 Dans préférence Réseau, sélectionnez Ethernet intégré dans le menu local Afficher.
2 Cliquez sur TCP/IP, si nécessaire.
3 Dans le menu local Configurer IPv4, choisissez Manuellement.
4 Remplissez le reste des champs.
5 Cliquez sur Appliquer.
Votre connexion est prête dès que vous avez configuré votre réseau. Ouvrez votre
navigateur Web (ou une autre application TCP/IP) afin de tester votre connexion
à Internet.
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Configuration DHCP
Après avoir choisi une configuration DHCP, le serveur DHCP fournit automatiquement
vos informations de réseau.
Pour effectuer une configuration DHCP :
1 Dans préférence Réseau, sélectionnez Ethernet intégré dans le menu local Afficher.
2 Cliquez sur TCP/IP, si nécessaire.
3 Choisissez Via DHCP dans le menu local Configurer IPv4.
4 Cliquez sur Appliquer.
Ouvrez votre navigateur Web (ou une autre application TCP/IP) afin de tester votre
connexion à Internet.
Remarque : sauf instructions contraires de votre FAI, ignorez les champs Client DHCP
et Domaines de recherche.
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Configuration PPPoE
Certains FAI recourant à la technologie DSL utilisent le protocole PPPoE (Point-to-Point
Protocol over Ethernet)). Si vous utilisez un modem DSL et que vous avez besoin d’un
nom d’utilisateur et d’un mot de passe pour vous connecter à Internet, contactez votre
FAI pour savoir si vous devez vous connecter via PPPoE.
Pour configurer une connexion PPPoE :
Pour configurer votre réseau, ayez à portée de main votre nom d’utilisateur, votre mot
de passe et, si cela est nécessaire, l’adresse du serveur de noms de domaine (DNS) fournis
par votre FAI (reportez-vous à la page 69).
1 Dans préférence Réseau, sélectionnez Ethernet intégré dans le menu local Afficher.
2 Cliquez sur PPPoE et sélectionnez “Se connecter via PPPoE”.
3 Remplissez le reste des champs. Si vous souhaitez que tous les utilisateurs de votre
ordinateur utilisent la même méthode de connexion, sélectionnez “Enregistrer le mot
de passe”.
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Remarque : pour vous connecter automatiquement au démarrage d’une application
TCP/IP, par exemple un navigateur Web ou une application de courrier électronique,
cliquez sur Options PPPoE, sélectionnez “Se connecter automatiquement si nécessaire”,
puis cliquez sur OK.
4 Cliquez sur TCP/IP et sélectionnez Via PPP ou Manuellement dans le menu local
Configurer IPv4, selon les instructions de votre FAI. Si votre FAI vous a communiqué
une adresse IP statique, choisissez Manuellement et tapez l’adresse dans le champ
Adresse IP.
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5 Saisissez les adresses des serveurs de noms de domaine (DNS) dans le champ
Serveurs DNS.
6 Cliquez sur Appliquer.
Votre connexion à Internet est prête dès que vous avez configuré votre réseau.
Vous pouvez alors ouvrir votre navigateur Web ou une autre application TCP/IP
afin de tester votre connexion.
Important : si vous n’avez pas sélectionné l’option de connexion automatique, vous
devez ouvrir l’application Connexion à Internet, choisir la configuration adéquate, puis
cliquer sur Se connecter. Pour plus d’informations, choisissez Aide > Aide Connexion
à Internet dans la barre des menus située en haut de l’écran.
Connexion sans fil AirPort
Si une carte AirPort Extreme est installée sur votre iMac G5, vous pouvez configurer
votre réseau AirPort et votre connexion à Internet à l’aide de l’Assistant réglages AirPort
qui se trouve dans le dossier Applications/Utilitaires. L’assistant vous aide à configurer
votre borne d’accès AirPort et à régler votre ordinateur pour qu’il utilise AirPort. Pour
en savoir plus sur votre borne d’accès AirPort, consultez le guide fourni avec le matériel.
Si votre borne d’accès AirPort est déjà configurée, votre carte AirPort Extreme peut
dans la plupart des cas y accéder immédiatement.
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Pour vérifier si vous avez accès à un réseau AirPort :
m
Cliquez sur l’icône d’état AirPort dans la barre des menus et choisissez un réseau
AirPort dans la liste.
Si aucun réseau AirPort n’y figure, vous pouvez utiliser l’Assistant réglages AirPort
pour vérifier ou modifier vos réglages ou bien les changer via la sous-fenêtre “Réseau
des Préférences Système”.
Configuration manuelle d’une connexion AirPort
Demandez les informations suivantes à votre administrateur système si vous prévoyez
d’effectuer une connexion manuelle.
Si vous vous connectez via DHCP, la plupart de ces informations sont automatiquement
transmises à votre ordinateur via le réseau. Consultez votre administrateur de système
pour obtenir les renseignements nécessaires.
• Adresses des serveurs de noms de domaine (DNS), si nécessaire
• Configuration d’adresse IP manuelle ou via DHCP
• Adresse IP
• Adresse du routeur
• Masque de sous-réseau
• Mot de passe, si nécessaire
Assurez-vous ensuite que les options de connexion AirPort sont activées dans les
préférences Réseau.
Pour configurer les Préférences réseau pour une connexion AirPort :
1 Choisissez Pomme (?) > Préférences Système dans la barre des menus.
2 Cliquez sur Réseau.
3 Dans le menu local Afficher, sélectionnez “Configurations de ports réseau”.
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4 Cochez la case Activé à côté d’AirPort.
Suivez ensuite les instructions fournies par votre FAI ou votre administrateur réseau
pour configurer votre réseau manuellement ou via DHCP. Si vous configurez vousmême votre réseau, il est peut-être plus simple d’utiliser DHCP car le serveur attribue
automatiquement les adresses IP.
5 Choisissez AirPort dans le menu local Afficher.
6 Cliquez sur TCP/IP, si nécessaire.
7 Dans le menu local Configurer IPv4, choisissez Manuellement ou Via DHCP.
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• Si vous choisissez Manuellement, saisissez les autres informations dans les champs
correspondants.
• Si vous choisissez Via DHCP, il est inutile de saisir d’autres informations, sauf instructions
contraires de votre administrateur de système.
8 Cliquez sur AirPort et sélectionnez les options requises pour vous connecter à un
réseau AirPort Extreme après le redémarrage ou lors de la réactivation de l’ordinateur
après une suspension d’activité.
9 Cliquez sur Appliquer.
Une fois les réglages AirPort configurés, vous êtes prêt à vous connecter.
Pour tester votre connexion AirPort :
m
Cliquez sur l’icône d’état AirPort dans la barre des menus et choisissez Activer AirPort.
Tout réseau AirPort Extreme situé dans la zone de couverture doit apparaître dans
le menu.
Dépannage de votre connexion
Connexion à Internet par modem câble, DSL et réseau LAN
SI vous n’arrivez pas à vous connecter à Internet avec votre AirPort, votre interface
Ethernet intégrée ou votre modem interne, vous pouvez recourir au Diagnostic réseau
pour obtenir un état sur vos problèmes de connexion. Dans la sous-fenêtre Réseau
des Préférences Système, cliquez sur Assistant, puis sur Diagnostic pour ouvrir le
Diagnostic réseau puis suivez les instructions.
Si Diagnostic réseau n’est pas en mesure de résoudre le problème, celui-ci se situe
peut-être au niveau du fournisseur d’accès à Internet (FAI) auquel vous essayez de
vous connecter, du périphérique externe utilisé pour la connexion au FAI ou du serveur
auquel vous essayez d’accéder. Vous pouvez également tenter de suivre les étapes
suivantes :
Vérifiez les câbles et les sources d’alimentation
Assurez-vous que tous les câbles du modem sont correctement branchés, y compris
le câble d’alimentation du modem, le câble reliant le modem à l’ordinateur et le câble
raccordant le modem à la prise murale. Vérifiez les câbles et l’alimentation des routeurs
et des concentrateurs Ethernet.
Allumez et éteignez le modem puis réinitialisez-le
Éteignez le modem câble ou DSL, puis rallumez-le après quelques minutes. Certains FAI
conseillent de débrancher le câble d’alimentation du modem. Si votre modem dispose
d’un bouton de réinitialisation, vous pouvez l’actionner avant ou après avoir éteint puis
rallumé le modem.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 83 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM84 Annexe C Connexion à Internet
Connexions PPPoE
Si vous ne parvenez pas à vous connecter à votre fournisseur d’accès Internet via
PPPoE, vérifiez d’abord les câbles et l’alimentation, éteignez et rallumez le modem,
puis réinitialisez-le.
Vérifiez les réglages des Préférences Système :
1 Choisissez Pomme (?) > Préférences Système.
2 Cliquez sur Réseau.
3 Dans le menu local Afficher, sélectionnez “Configurations de ports réseau”.
4 Sélectionnez Ethernet intégré, puis faites glisser cette configuration en haut de la liste
des configurations de ports.
5 Dans le menu local Afficher, sélectionnez Ethernet intégré.
6 Cliquez sur PPPoE.
7 Sélectionnez “Se connecter via PPPoE”.
8 Vérifiez le champ Nom de compte pour vous assurer d’avoir tapé les informations
correctes fournies par votre FAI.
9 Si vous avez choisi d’enregistrer votre mot de passe, tapez-le à nouveau afin d’être sûr
qu’il est correct.
10 Cliquez sur TCP/IP. Assurez-vous d’avoir saisi dans cette sous-fenêtre les informations
correctes fournies par votre FAI.
11 Cliquez sur Appliquer.
Connexions au réseau
Si vous disposez de plusieurs ordinateurs tentant de partager une connexion à Internet,
assurez-vous que votre réseau est correctement configuré. Vous devez savoir si votre
FAI fournit une seule ou plusieurs adresses IP, autrement dit, une pour chaque
ordinateur.
Si une seule adresse IP est utilisée, vous devez disposer d’un routeur capable de
partager la connexion (on parle alors de conversion d’adresse réseau (NAT) ou de
“masquage d’adresse IP”). Pour obtenir des informations sur la configuration, consultez
la documentation fournie avec votre routeur ou contactez la personne qui a configuré
votre réseau. La borne d’accès AirPort Extreme peut être utilisée pour que plusieurs
ordinateurs partagent une adresse IP. Pour plus d’informations sur l’utilisation de la
borne d’accès AirPort Extreme, consultez l’aide à l’écran ou rendez-vous sur le site Web
AirPort, à l’adresse www.apple.com/fr/airport.
Si ces instructions s’avèrent insuffisantes pour résoudre les problèmes rencontrés,
contactez votre FAI.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 84 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM 85
Communications Regulation Information
FCC Compliance Statement
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules.
Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any
interference received, including interference that
may cause undesired operation. See instructions if
interference to radio or television reception is
suspected.
Radio and Television Interference
This computer equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed
and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with
Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with
radio and television reception.
This equipment has been tested and found to
comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in
accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC
rules. These specifications are designed to provide
reasonable protection against such interference in a
residential installation. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation.
You can determine whether your computer system is
causing interference by turning it off. If the
interference stops, it was probably caused by the
computer or one of the peripheral devices.
If your computer system does cause interference to
radio or television reception, try to correct the
interference by using one or more of the following
measures:
 Turn the television or radio antenna until the
interference stops.
 Move the computer to one side or the other of the
television or radio.
 Move the computer farther away from the
television or radio.
 Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a
different circuit from the television or radio. (That
is, make certain the computer and the television or
radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit
breakers or fuses.)
If necessary, consult an Apple-authorized service
provider or Apple. See the service and support
information that came with your Apple product. Or,
consult an experienced radio/television technician
for additional suggestions.
Changes or modifications to this product not
authorized by Apple Computer, Inc., could void the
EMC compliance and negate your authority to
operate the product.
This product has demonstrated EMC compliance
under conditions that included the use of compliant
peripheral devices and shielded cables between
system components. It is important that you use
compliant peripheral devices and shielded cables
(including Ethernet network cables) between system
components to reduce the possibility of causing
interference to radios, television sets, and other
electronic devices.
Responsible party (contact for FCC matters
only): Apple Computer, Inc. Product Compliance, 1
Infinite Loop M/S 26-A, Cupertino, CA 95014-2084,
408-974-2000.
Bluetooth Information
FCC Bluetooth Wireless Compliance
The antenna used with this transmitter must not be
colocated or operated in conjunction with any other
antenna or transmitter subject to the conditions of
the FCC Grant.
Bluetooth Industry Canada Statement
This Class B device meets all requirements of the
Canadian interference-causing equipment
regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la Class B respecte toutes
les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur
du Canada.
Bluetooth Europe–EU Declaration of Conformity
This wireless device complies with the specifications
EN 300 328, EN 301-489, and EN 60950 following the
provisions of the R&TTE Directive.
Industry Canada Statement
Complies with the Canadian ICES-003 Class B
specifications. Cet appareil numérique de la classe B
est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
VCCI Class B Statement
Communauté Européenne
Ce produit est conforme aux directives européennes
72/23/CEE, 89/336/CEE et 99/5/CE.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 85 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM86
Laser Information
Do not attempt to disassemble the cabinet
containing the laser. The laser beam used in this
product is harmful to the eyes. The use of optical
instruments, such as magnifying lenses, with this
product increases the potential hazard to your eyes.
For your safety, have this equipment serviced only
by an Apple Authorized Service Provider.
Because of the optical disc drive in your computer,
your computer is a Class 1 laser product. The Class 1
label, located in a user-accessible area, indicates that
the drive meets minimum safety requirements. A
service warning label is located in a serviceaccessible area. The labels on your product may
differ slightly from the ones shown here.
Exposure to Radio Frequency Energy
The radiated output power of the AirPort Extreme
Card in this device is far below the FCC radio
frequency exposure limits for uncontrolled
equipment. This device should be operated with a
minimum distance of at least 20 cm between the
AirPort Extreme Card antennas (see page 28) and a
person's body and must not be co-located or
operated with any other antenna or transmitter.
Souris à diode électroluminescente (DEL)
de Catégorie 1
La souris optique Apple est un produit à DEL de
Catégorie 1 répondant aux normes IEC 60825-1 A1
A2. Ce produit est conforme aux exigences des
directives européennes 72/23/CEE et 89/336/CEE.
It also complies with the Canadian ICES-003 Class B
Specification.
Taiwan Statement
Korea Statement
Avertissement relatif aux activités
à haut risque
Cet ordinateur n’est pas conçu pour être utilisé dans
des installations nucléaires, pour la navigation ou la
communication aérienne, pour le contrôle du trafic
aérien, ni dans aucune autre situation où une panne
du système informatique pourrait entraîner la mort,
des blessures ou de graves dommages écologiques.
ENERGY STAR®
Compliance
As an ENERGY STAR®
partner, Apple has determined
that standard configurations of this product meet
the ENERGY STAR guidelines for energy efficiency.
The ENERGY STAR program is a partnership with
office product equipment manufacturers to promote
energy-efficiency. Reducing energy consumption of
office products saves money and reduces pollution
by eliminating wasted energy.
Disposal and Recycling Information
The backlight lamp in this product contains mercury.
Dispose according to local, state, and federal laws.
For information about Apple’s recycling program, go
to www.apple.com/environment/summary.html
Élimination de la pile
Les piles usagées doivent être recyclées ou traitées
conformément aux normes d’environnement locales.
Nederlands: Gebruikte batterijen kunnen worden
ingeleverd bij de chemokar of in een speciale
batterijcontainer voor klein chemisch afval (kca)
worden gedeponeerd.
Deutschland: Das Gerät enthält Batterien. Diese
gehören nicht in den Hausmüll. Sie können
verbrauchte Batterien beim Handel oder bei den
Kommunen unentgeltlich abgeben. Um
Kurzschlüsse zu vermeiden, kleben Sie die Pole der
Batterien vorsorglich mit einem Klebestreifen ab.
Taiwan:
Warning: Making adjustments or performing
procedures other than those specified in your
equipment’s manual may result in hazardous
radiation exposure.
Class 1 label Service warning label
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 86 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM 87
Informations relatives au téléphone
et au modem Apple 56K
Informez votre opérateur téléphonique
Certains opérateurs téléphoniques exigent que vous
informiez votre agence locale lorsque vous raccordez
un modem à leur réseau.
Information You Need in the United States
The internal modem complies with Part 68 of the
FCC rules. On the back of this equipment is a label
that contains, among other information, the FCC
registration number and ringer equivalence number
(REN). If requested, provide this information to your
telephone company.
 Ringer equivalence number (REN): 0.1B The REN is
useful to determine the quantity of devices you
may connect to your telephone lines and still have
all those devices ring when your telephone
number is called. In most, but not all areas, the
sum of the RENs of all devices connected to one
line should not exceed five (5.0). To be certain of
the number of devices you may connect to your
line, as determined by the REN, you should contact
your local telephone company to determine the
maximum REN for your calling area.
 Telephone jack type: USOC, RJ-11 An FCC-compliant
telephone cord and modular plug are provided
with this equipment. This equipment is designed
to be connected to the telephone network or
premises wiring using a compatible modular jack
that complies with Part 68 rules. See the
installation instructions for details.
Telephone Line Problems
If your telephone doesn’t work, there may be a
problem with your telephone line. Disconnect the
modem to see if the problem goes away. If it doesn’t,
report the problem either to your local telephone
company or to your company’s telecommunications
people.
If disconnecting the modem eliminates the problem,
the modem itself may need service. See the service
and support information that came with your Apple
product for instructions on how to contact Apple or
an Apple-authorized service provider for assistance.
If you do not disconnect your modem when it is
adversely affecting the telephone line, the telephone
company has the right to disconnect your service
temporarily until you correct the problem. The
telephone company will notify you as soon as
possible. Also, you will be informed of your right to
file a complaint with the FCC.
The telephone company may make changes in its
facilities, equipment, operations, or procedures that
could affect the operation of your equipment. If this
happens, the telephone company will provide
advance notice in order for you to make the
necessary modifications to maintain uninterrupted
service.
The internal modem will not work with party lines,
cannot be connected to a coin-operated telephone,
and may not work with a private branch exchange
(PBX).
Telephone Consumer Protection Act
The Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991
makes it unlawful for any person to use a computer
or other electronic device to send any message via a
telephone fax machine unless such message clearly
contains, in a margin at the top or bottom of each
transmitted page or on the first page of the
transmission, the date and time it was sent and an
identification of the business or other entity, or
individual sending the message and the telephone
number of the sending machine of such business,
entity, or individual.
Information You Need in Canada
The Industry Canada (IC) label identifies certified
equipment. This certification means that the
equipment meets certain telecommunications
network protective, operational, and safety
requirements. The Department does not guarantee
the equipment will operate to a user’s satisfaction.
Before installing this equipment, make sure that you
are permitted to connect to the facilities of the local
telecommunications company. Be sure you use an
acceptable method of connection to install the
equipment. In some cases, you may extend the
company’s internal wiring for single-line individual
service by means of a certified telephone extension
cord. Be aware, however, that compliance with these
conditions may not prevent degradation of service
in some situations.
Repairs to certified equipment should be made by
an authorized Canadian maintenance facility
designated by the supplier. Any equipment
malfunctions or repairs or alterations that you make
to this equipment may cause the
telecommunications company to request that you
disconnect the equipment.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 87 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM88
In Canada, contact Apple at: 7495 Birchmount Road,
Markham, Ontario, L3R 5G2, 800-263-3394
Users should not attempt to make such connections
themselves, but should contact the appropriate
electric inspection authority or electrician.
 Load number: 0.1 The load number (LN) assigned
to each terminal device denotes the percentage of
the total load to be connected to the telephone
loop that is used by the device, to prevent
overloading. The termination of a loop may consist
of any combination of devices, subject only to the
requirement that the sum of the load numbers of
all devices does not exceed 100.
 Telephone jack type: CA-11
Informations Destinées aux Utilisateurs Canadiens
L’étiquette d’Industrie Canada identifie un matériel
homologué. Cette étiquette certifie que le matériel
est conforme à certaines normes de protection,
d’exploitation et de sécurité des réseaux de
télécommunications. Le Ministère n’assure toutefois
pas que le matériel fonctionnera à la satisfaction de
l’utilisateur.
Avant d’installer ce matériel, l’utilisateur doit
s’assurer qu’il est permis de la raccorder au réseau de
l’enterprise locale de télécommunication. Le matériel
doit également être installé en suivant une méthode
acceptée de raccordement. Dans certains cas, le
câblage appartenant à l’enterprise utilisé pour un
service individuel à ligne unique peut être prolongé
au moyen d’un dispositif homologué de
raccordement (cordon prolongateur téléphonique).
L’abonné ne doit pas oublier qu’il est possible que la
conformité aux conditions énoncées ci-dessus
n’empêche pas la dégradation du service dans
certaines situations. De fait, les enterprises de
télécommunication ne permettent pas que l’on
raccorde un matériel aux prises d’abonnés, sauf dans
les cas précis prévus par les terifs particuliers de ces
enterprises.
Les réparations de matériel homologué doivent être
effectuées par un centre d’entretien canadien
autorisé désigné par la fournisseur. La compagnie de
télécommunications peut demander à l’utilisateur de
débrancher un appareil suite à des réparations ou à
des modifications effectuées par l’utilisateur ou en
raison d’un mauvais fonctionnement.
Veuillez contacter Apple pour des informations
supplémentaires:
Apple Canada, Inc.
7495 Birchmount Road
Markham, Ontario
Canada L3R 5G2
Service à la clientèle d’Apple Canada: 800-263-3394
L’utilisateur ne doit pas tenter de faire ces
raccordements lui-même; il doit avoir recours à une
service d’inspection des installations électriques ou à
un électricien, selon le cas.
 Numéro de charge: 0.1 L’indice de charge (IC)
assigné à chaque dispositif terminal indique, pour
éviter toute surcharge, le pourcentage de la
charge totale qui sera raccordée à un circuit
téléphonique bouclé utilisé par ce dispositif. La
terminaison du circuit bouclé peut être constituée
de n’importe quelle combinaison de dispositifs
pourvu que la somme des indices de charge de
l’ensemble des dispositifs ne dépasse pas 100.
 Type de prise téléphonique: CA-11
Information You Need in the United Kingdom
This terminal equipment is intended for direct
connection to the analogue Public Switched
Telecommunications Network and is approved for
use within the United Kingdom with the following
features:
 Modem facility
 Autocalling facility
 Autoanswer facility
 DTMF signaling
Operation in the absence of proceed indication or
upon detection of proceed indication
This product is in conformity with relevant
regulatory standards following the provisions of
European Council Directives 73/23/EEC (Low Voltage
Directive) and 89/336/EEC amended by 92/31/EEC
(EMC Directive).
Informationen fur Deutschland
Diese Modem-Karte ist als Endeinrichtung
vorgesehen und muss an ein TAE mit F-Kodierung
angeschlossen werden. Diese Endeinrichtung ist in
Konformität gemäss Niederspannungsrichtlinie 73 /
23 / EWG sowie EMC-Richtlinien 89 / 336 / EWG und
92 / 31 / EWG.
Warning: Users should ensure for their own
protection that the electrical ground connections
of the power utility, telephone lines, and internal
metallic water pipe system, if present, are
connected together. This precaution may be
particularly important in rural areas.
Avertissement : Pour sa propre protection,
l’utilisateur doit s’assurer que tout les fils de mise à
la terre du secteur, des lignes téléphoniques et les
canalisations d’eau métalliques, s’il y en a, soient
raccordés ensemble. Cette précaution est
particulièrement importante dans les régions
rurales.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 88 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM 89
Informations pour la France
Ce matériel est conforme aux normes applicables de
sécurité éléctrique d’après la directive 73 / 23 / CEE
et aux normes applicables de comptabilité
éléctromagnétique d’après la directive 89 / 336 /
CEE, modifié par la directive 92 / 31 / CEE.
Information You Need in Australia
All telecommunications devices are required to be
labelled as complying to the Australian
telecommunications standards, ensuring the health
and safety of the operator and the integrity of the
Australian telecommunications network. To provide
compliance with the Australian Communications
Authority’s technical standards, please ensure that
the following AT commands are maintained:
 ATB0 (ITU/CCITT operation)
 AT&G0 (no guard tone)
 AT&P1 (33/66 pulse dial make/break ratio)
 ATS0 = 0 or ATS0 = 1 (no answer or answer greater
than one ring)
 ATS6 = 95 (DTMF period between 70–255 ms)
 ATS11 = 95 (DTMF period between 70–255 ms)
For calls that are automatically generated, a total of
three call attempts are allowed to a telephone
number, with a minimum period between calls of 2
seconds. If the call does not connect after three
attempts, 30 minutes must expire before automatic
redialing may be initiated. Failure to set the modem
(and any associated communications software) to
the above settings may result in the modem being
non-compliant with Australian telecommunications
standards. Under these circumstances a user could
be subject to significant penalties under the
Telecommunications Act 1997.
This modem must be properly secured in order for
you to use it. Telecommunications network voltages
exist inside the computer and the
telecommunications line connection must be
removed before opening the computer.
Information You Need in New Zealand
This modem is fully approved to operate on the New
Zealand telecommunications network under
Telepermit number PTC 211/04/002. All
telecommunications devices are required to hold a
Telepermit and be labelled accordingly with the
approved Telepermit number to comply with the
New Zealand telecommunications standards,
ensuring the health and safety of the operator and
the integrity of the New Zealand
telecommunications network. To ensure compliance,
all calls that are automatically generated should not
make more than 10 call attempts to the same
number within any 30 minute period with a
minimum period between calls of 30 seconds.
Failure to adhere to these standards may result in
the modem being non-compliant with New Zealand
Telecom standards. Under these circumstances a
user could be subject to significant penalties.
Important: The grant of a Telepermit for any item of
terminal equipment indicates that only Telecom has
accepted that the item complies with minimum
conditions for connection to its network. It indicates
no endorsement of the product by Telecom, nor
does it provide any sort of warranty. Above all, it
provides no assurance that any item will work
correctly in all respects with another item of
Telepermitted equipment of a different make or
model, nor does it imply that any product is
compatible with all of Telecom’s network services.
F3027Q45C\D.book Page 89 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PMF3027Q45C\D.book Page 90 Thursday, April 7, 2005 3:18 PM
Final Cut Server
Manuel de
l’utilisateurK Apple Inc.
Copyright © 2008 Apple, Inc. Tous droits réservés.
Vos droits sur ce logiciel sont régis par la licence d’utilisation qui l’accompagne. Le propriétaire ou l’utilisateur
autorisé d’une copie valide du logiciel Final Cut Server
peut reproduire cet exemplaire pour en apprendre le
fonctionnement. En revanche, il est interdit de reproduire ou de transmettre cette publication, même partiellement, à des fins commerciales telles que la vente de
copies ou la prestation de services d’assistance payants.
Le logo Apple est une marque d’Apple Inc., déposée aux
États-Unis et dans d’autres pays. En l’absence du consentement écrit d’Apple, l’utilisation à des fins commerciales de
ce logo via le clavier (Option-1) pourra constituer un acte
de contrefaçon et/ou de concurrence déloyale.
Tous les efforts nécessaires ont été mis en œuvre pour
que les informations contenues dans ce manuel soient
les plus exactes possibles. Apple n’est pas responsable
des erreurs survenues lors de l’impression ou de la copie.
Remarque : étant donné qu’Apple publie fréquemment
des nouvelles versions et des mises à jour du logiciel système, des applications et des sites Internet, certaines images de ce manuel peuvent légèrement différer de celles
qui s’affichent à l’écran.
Apple Inc.
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014–2084
408-996-1010
www.apple.com
Apple, le logo Apple, DVD Studio Pro, Final Cut,
Final Cut Pro, Final Cut Studio, FireWire, iDVD, Keynote,
Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, Pages, QuickTime, Soundtrack
et Xsan sont des marques d’Apple Inc. déposées aux
États-Unis et dans d’autres pays.
Finder et Leopard sont des marques d’Apple Inc.
AppleCare est une marque de service d’Apple Inc.
déposée aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays.
Java et toutes les marques et logos basés sur Java sont
des marques ou des marques déposées de Sun Microsystems, Inc. aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays.
Les autres noms de produits et de sociétés mentionnés
dans ce document sont des marques appartenant à leurs
détenteurs respectifs. Toute mention de produits de tierce
partie n’est qu’à titre informatif et ne constitue ni une
approbation, ni une recommandation. Apple se dégage
de toute responsabilité en ce qui concerne les performances ou l’usage de ces produits.
Ducati et le logo Ducati sont des marques déposées de
Ducati Motor Holding SpA. Utilisées avec l’autorisation.
Photos de production du film “Koffee House Mayhem”
utilisées avec l’aimable autorisation de Jean-Paul Bonjour.
“Koffee House Mayhem” © 2004 Jean-Paul Bonjour.
Tous droits réservés. http://www.jbonjour.com
Photos de production du film « Les Poupets » utilisées
avec l’aimable autorisation de Jean-Paul Bonjour.
« Les Poupets » © 2006 Jean-Paul Bonjour.
Tous droits réservés. http://www.jbonjour.com 3
1 Table des matières
Préface 7 Bienvenue dans Final Cut Server
7 À propos de Final Cut Server
9 Ressources à propos de Final Cut Server
11 Contact de l’assistance AppleCare
Chapitre 1 13 À propos de Final Cut Server
14 Flux de travaux du client Final Cut Server
15 Installation du client Final Cut Server
15 Fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server
19 Affichages des sous-fenêtres Assets et Productions
21 Options de recherche et recherches enregistrées
23 Fenêtre Asset Info
24 Fenêtre Final Cut Pro Project Info
24 Fenêtre Final Cut Studio Project Info
25 Fenêtre Production Info
26 Fenêtre Annotations
27 Fenêtre Downloads & Uploads
27 Fenêtre Search All Jobs
28 Fenêtre Search Devices
29 Fenêtre Preferences
30 Utilisation des menus contextuels dans Final Cut Server
30 Utilisation des raccourcis clavier dans Final Cut Server
Chapitre 2 31 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server
31 À propos de la création de ressources Final Cut Server
32 Types de fichiers pouvant être téléchargés vers Final Cut Server
32 À propos des métadonnées et des ensembles de métadonnées
33 Stratégies de téléchargement de fichiers de données et de projets
34 Téléchargement de fichiers de données
39 Téléchargement de projets Final Cut Pro
43 Téléchargement de projets Final Cut Studio4 Table des matières
Chapitre 3 53 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
53 Vue d’ensemble du catalogue de ressources Final Cut Server
59 Organisation des ressources à l’aide de productions
64 Utilisation de métadonnées pour organiser et rechercher des ressources
66 Recherche dans Final Cut Server
74 Affichage des résultats d’une recherche
75 Suivi de l’état d’une ressource ou d’une production à l’aide de métadonnées
77 Ajout et modification des métadonnées de ressources
78 Recherche de périphériques et de tâches
Chapitre 4 83 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
84 Actions du client Final Cut Server
85 À propos de la fenêtre Asset Info
89 Affichage d’une ressource
91 Ajout de versions pour une ressource média ou de projet
94 Verrouillage et déverrouillage d’une ressource
99 Écriture d’annotations sur une ressource vidéo
103 Duplication d’une ressource
104 Utilisation de la fonction Edit-in-place
104 Monitoring des tâches
107 Définition des préférences du client Final Cut Server
Chapitre 5 109 Utilisation des ressources média
109 À propos de la mise en cache
111 Extraction, modification et réintégration d’une ressource média
113 Préparation de ressources média en vue d’une utilisation
sur un ordinateur non connecté au réseau Final Cut Server
117 Exportation de ressources média
Chapitre 6 119 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro
120 À propos des projets Final Cut Pro
121 Utilisation conjointe de Final Cut Pro et de Final Cut Server
123 Déplacement de projets Final Cut Pro entre Final Cut Server et Final Cut Pro
124 Extraction d’un projet Final Cut Pro
126 Modification d’un projet extrait dans Final Cut Pro
127 Réintégration d’un projet Final Cut Pro
129 Création de copies de travail pour les ressources de projet Final Cut Pro
130 Utilisation de projets Final Cut Pro en-dehors du réseau Final Cut Server
133 Exportation d’un projet Final Cut ProTable des matières 5
Chapitre 7 135 Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio
135 À propos de la modification de ressources de projet Final Cut Studio
136 Extraction, modification et réintégration de ressources regroupées
138 Extraction, modification et réintégration de projets Final Cut Studio et de leurs fichiers
de données
143 Exportation d’une ressource de projet et de ses données
Chapitre 8 147 Utilisation de métadonnées Status dans le flux de travaux Final Cut Server
147 Utilisation de métadonnées Status pour le suivi des ressources et productions
152 À propos de la fonction Review and Approve
153 Utilisation de la fonction Review and Approve
Chapitre 9 159 Exportation, archivage et suppression des ressources et des projets terminés
159 Sortie d’un projet final
162 Archivage et restauration de ressources média
164 Suppression de ressources Final Cut Server
Glossaire 167
Index 171 7
Préface
Bienvenue dans Final Cut Server
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 À propos de Final Cut Server (p. 7)
 Ressources à propos de Final Cut Server (p. 9)
 Contact de l’assistance AppleCare (p. 11)
Final Cut Server est un logiciel puissant de gestion de ressources média et d’automatisation
de flux de travaux. Final Cut Server peut gérer vos ressources et affiner les processus du flux
de travaux de votre organisation, vous libérant ainsi des tâches répétitives de gestion de
données et de projets. Il peut être personnalisé par votre administrateur Final Cut Server
pour automatiser des opérations courantes. Que vous dirigiez un petit studio de production ou que vous apparteniez à un groupe de travail plus étendu, Final Cut Server peut
rationaliser le flux de travaux de votre organisation.
À propos de Final Cut Server
Final Cut Server fonctionne de façon similaire à d’autres réseaux d’ordinateurs client-serveur.
Un ordinateur client envoie une demande aux ordinateurs serveur. Sur réception de la
demande, l’ordinateur serveur effectue une tâche pour traiter la demande, puis il renvoie les
résultats (ou un message indiquant que la tâche est terminée) à l’ordinateur client. Les tâches
possibles permettent de télécharger, copier, transcoder et cataloguer les fichiers de données,
ainsi que de les suivre de différentes façons. Les données peuvent être stockées sur les disques internes et externes de l’ordinateur serveur, ainsi que sur de nombreux périphériques de
réseau pris en charge. Les installations plus étendues peuvent utiliser un réseau de stockage
SAN (storage area network) Apple Xsan pour le stockage de ressources et de productions.
Le client Final Cut Server se trouve au centre de ce manuel de l’utilisateur. Le client
Final Cut Server est un logiciel communiquant avec le serveur Final Cut Server. Le client
vous permet, avec de nombreux autres utilisateurs, d’accéder aux ressources partagées
réparties sur le système de votre organisation. Dans votre client Final Cut Server, vous
pouvez consulter rapidement le catalogue de ressources de votre organisation et transférer
des fichiers de données entre votre ordinateur local et les périphériques sur lesquels les
ressources sont stockées. Vous pouvez exécuter le client Final Cut Server sous les systèmes
d’exploitation Mac OS X 10.4 et Windows XP ou Windows Vista. 8 Préface Bienvenue dans Final Cut Server
Le client Final Cut Server fournit de nombreuses fonctionnalités pour vous aider à gérer
vos données. Ces fonctionnalités utilisent toutes des ressources Final Cut Server. Lorsque
vous téléchargez un fichier de données ou de projet vers Final Cut Server, une ressource
est créée pour lui. Cette ressource contient des métadonnées, le fichier d’origine (appelé
fichier de représentation principale) et des copies proxy du fichier de représentation principale utilisées dans Final Cut Server.
Final Cut Server peut vous aider à effectuer les opérations suivantes :
 Retrouver les ressources dont vous avez besoin. Alors que le nombre de ressources augmente
dans votre catalogue Final Cut Server, il devient de plus en plus important de créer
et de gérer des recherches. Final Cut Server propose de multiples façons de rechercher
et d’organiser des ressources dans le catalogue Final Cut Server de votre organisation.
 Accéder immédiatement aux données. Final Cut Server permet un accès immédiat aux
données à partir du logiciel client Final Cut Server. Vous pouvez facilement obtenir des
informations et afficher une ressource média à partir du logiciel client. Si vous souhaitez
modifier la ressource média, vous pouvez extraire une copie gérée par Final Cut Server
vers votre ordinateur local, la modifier, puis la réintégrer dans Final Cut Server. Comme
Final Cut Server gère le fichier extrait, les nouvelles modifications sont suivies par
Final Cut Server.
 Suivre l’état des données. Final Cut Server propose des champs de métadonnées et
des recherches enregistrées pour vous aider à suivre la progression des ressources
dans le flux de travaux de votre organisation. Votre administrateur Final Cut Server
peut personnaliser davantage les champs de métadonnées afin d’améliorer l’efficacité du suivi des ressources pour votre organisation.
 Effectuer de puissantes conversions de données. Final Cut Server utilise Compressor,
une puissante application de transcodage intégrée à Final Cut Studio, pour convertir
les données d’un format vidéo à un autre lors du téléchargement, de l’exportation
et de la copie de fichiers de données.
 Travailler en étant déconnecté du réseau Final Cut Server. Vous pouvez extraire des fichiers
de projets et de données gérés par Final Cut Server, puis les modifier sans être connecté
au réseau Final Cut Server. Lorsque vous vous connectez ultérieurement au réseau
Final Cut Server, vous pouvez réintégrer les fichiers modifiés dans Final Cut Server.
Lorsque vous réintégrez les fichiers, les ressources qui suivent les fichiers sont mises à jour
avec les nouveaux fichiers.
Ce manuel de l’utilisateur décrit ce que le client Final Cut Server apporte à ses utilisateurs. Pour en savoir plus sur l’administration et la personnalisation de Final Cut Server,
lisez le Guide de configuration et d’administration de Final Cut Server, un document écrit
pour les administrateurs système de Final Cut Server.Préface Bienvenue dans Final Cut Server 9
Ressources à propos de Final Cut Server
Vous pouvez consulter diverses ressources pour en savoir plus sur le système Final Cut Server.
Documentation imprimée Final Cut Server
Ce guide fait partie de deux documents imprimés inclus avec Final Cut Server.
 Manuel de l’utilisateur de Final Cut Server : ce manuel de l’utilisateur décrit comment
employer le client Final Cut Server pour l’utilisation quotidienne du système, comme
le parcours de ressources, la gestion des tâches et la gestion des productions.
 Guide de configuration et d’administration de Final Cut Server : ce guide décrit comment
installer, configurer et administrer la plupart des composants du système Final Cut Server.
Il ne décrit pas l’utilisation quotidienne du système, comme le parcours de ressources et
la gestion des tâches, des productions et des ordres qui est présentée dans le Manuel de
l’utilisateur de Final Cut Server.
Manuel à l’écran Final Cut Server
Une version à l’écran du Manuel de l’utilisateur de Final Cut Server est mise à disposition
de tous les utilisateurs à partir du menu Aide du client.
Le contenu des versions à l’écran de cette documentation est identique à celui de la version
imprimée. Toutefois, la version à l’écran est améliorée par des liens hypertexte complets et
par de nombreuses fonctionnalités qui facilitent et accélèrent la recherche d’informations :
 La page d’accès fournit un accès rapide à diverses fonctionnalités, notamment l’index
et d’autres documents et sites web utiles.
 Une liste de signets complète vous permet de choisir rapidement ce que vous souhaitez
consulter et d’y accéder dès que vous cliquez sur le lien.
Outre ces outils de navigation, le document à l’écran vous propose d’autres moyens
de retrouver des informations rapidement :
 Toutes les références contenues dans le texte sont reliées. Vous pouvez cliquer sur toute
référence et passer directement à l’emplacement référencé. Vous pouvez ensuite utiliser
le bouton Preview Back pour revenir à l’emplacement où vous vous trouviez avant de
cliquer sur la référence.
 La table des matières et l’index sont également reliés. Si vous cliquez sur une entrée dans
l’une de ces rubriques, vous passez directement à cette rubrique dans le document.
 Vous pouvez rechercher des mots ou des expressions spécifiques dans le texte.10 Préface Bienvenue dans Final Cut Server
Sites web Apple
Vous pouvez consulter des sites web Apple variés pour obtenir des informations
supplémentaires.
Site web Final Cut Server
Visitez ce site pour obtenir des informations et des mises à jour générales, ainsi
que les nouvelles les plus récentes sur Final Cut Server.
Pour accéder au site web Final Cut Server, rendez-vous à l’adresse :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/finalcutserver
Le web comporte également divers forums de discussion et des ressources à but pédagogique relatifs à Final Cut Server.
Site web de service et d’assistance d’Apple
Rendez-vous sur ce site pour obtenir des mises à jour logicielles et des réponses aux
questions les plus fréquentes pour tous les produits Apple, y compris Final Cut Server.
Vous y trouverez également des spécifications de produits, de la documentation
de référence et des articles techniques sur les produits Apple et de tiers.
Pour accéder à la page web de service et d’assistance Apple, rendez-vous à l’adresse :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/support
Pour accéder à la page d’assistance Final Cut Server rendez-vous à l’adresse :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/support/finalcutserver
Pour accéder aux pages de discussion Apple, rendez-vous à l’adresse :
 http://discussions.info.apple.comPréface Bienvenue dans Final Cut Server 11
Contact de l’assistance AppleCare
Des informations sur les options d’assistance proposées par Apple sont fournies avec
Final Cut Server. Plusieurs niveaux d’assistance sont disponibles.
Quel que soit votre problème, nous vous conseillons de conserver près de vous les informations suivantes lorsque vous contactez Apple pour de l’assistance. Plus vous disposez
d’informations à fournir aux agents d’assistance Apple, plus le problème sera résolu
rapidement.
 Numéro d’identifiant d’assistance Final Cut Server présent au recto de la feuille
du numéro de série fournie avec Final Cut Server.
Remarque : le numéro d’identifiant d’assistance à 11 chiffres est différent du numéro
de série du produit utilisé pour installer Final Cut Server.
 Version de Leopard ou de Leopard Server que vous avez installée. Pour obtenir
cette version, choisissez le menu Pomme > À propos de ce Mac.
 Version de Final Cut Server que vous avez installée et au sujet de laquelle vous
souhaitez poser une question. Pour obtenir la version de Final Cut Server sur votre
ordinateur, choisissez Final Cut Server > À propos de Final Cut Server.
 Modèle d’ordinateur utilisé.
 Quantité de RAM installée sur votre ordinateur. Pour déterminer cette quantité,
choisissez le menu Pomme > À propos de ce Mac.
 Autres matériels tiers installés sur votre ordinateur ou reliés à celui-ci et nom de leur
fabricant. N’oubliez pas les disques durs, les cartes graphiques, etc.
Pour accéder à la page d’assistance de Final Cut Server, rendez-vous à l’adresse :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/support/finalcutserver
Un élément est également présent dans le menu Aide de chaque client Final Cut Server
vous permettant d’accéder directement au site web d’AppleCare.
Pour accéder au site web d’AppleCare depuis un client Final Cut Server :
m Choisissez Aide > Assistance Final Cut Server.1
13
1 À propos de Final Cut Server
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Flux de travaux du client Final Cut Server (p. 14)
 Installation du client Final Cut Server (p. 15)
 Fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server (p. 15)
 Affichages des sous-fenêtres Assets et Productions (p. 19)
 Options de recherche et recherches enregistrées (p. 21)
 Fenêtre Asset Info (p. 23)
 Fenêtre Final Cut Pro Project Info (p. 24)
 Fenêtre Final Cut Studio Project Info (p. 24)
 Fenêtre Production Info (p. 25)
 Fenêtre Annotations (p. 26)
 Fenêtre Downloads & Uploads (p. 27)
 Fenêtre Search All Jobs (p. 27)
 Fenêtre Search Devices (p. 28)
 Fenêtre Preferences (p. 29)
 Utilisation des menus contextuels dans Final Cut Server (p. 30)
 Utilisation des raccourcis clavier dans Final Cut Server (p. 30)
Ce chapitre propose une présentation générale du client Final Cut Server, en fournissant notamment des informations sur le flux de travaux Final Cut Server, la procédure
d’installation du client Final Cut Server et une description de l’interface utilisateur
Final Cut Server. Ce chapitre vous servira de guide lors de votre apprentissage du
fonctionnement de Final Cut Server. Vous trouverez également dans les chapitres
suivants plus d’informations sur les fonctions abordées dans le présent chapitre. 14 Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server
Flux de travaux du client Final Cut Server
Final Cut Server facilite, pour les utilisateurs, la recherche, l’accès et le suivi des fichiers de
données et de projet, ainsi que le transcodage des données et l’extraction et la réintégration des ressources pour modification.
Tandis que la plupart des organisations effectuent les tâches à leur manière, un flux
de travaux Final Cut Server type se compose de quatre étapes.
Étape 1 : Organisation des données existantes et téléchargement des nouvelles
données
Le projet sur lequel vous travaillez utilise peut-être des données déjà téléchargées dans
Final Cut Server ou requiert l’utilisation de nouvelles données. Ces données peuvent être
téléchargées via une analyse automatisée, mise en place par votre administrateur, ou
manuellement, par n’importe quel membre de votre organisation.
Étape 2 : Modification des données et du projet
Cette étape de modification effectuée au sein de votre organisation peut inclure
la création et la modification d’un projet Final Cut Pro, la création et la révision
d’une illustration, d’incrustations graphiques ou d’effets de mouvement ou d’autres
flux de travaux utilisés par votre organisation pour créer des projets de révision client.
La partie finale de cette étape implique le regroupement de tous les éléments finis
en une copie de révision du projet.
Étape 3 : Révision et validation du projet
Cette étape peut exiger que vos collègues ou clients ouvrent une session Final Cut Server
et visualisent le projet ou envoient des copies du projet pour révision. Si votre administrateur
Final Cut Server a configuré votre système pour qu’il envoie automatiquement des courriers
électroniques de révision et de validation, cette opération a lieu lors de la présente étape.
Étape 4 : Sortie et archivage des données et du projet finaux
Cette étape inclut la création de copies de sauvegarde des ressources et l’archivage
des ressources finales dans Final Cut Server.
Final Cut Server peut être personnalisé afin de répondre aux besoins spécifiques des
flux de travaux de votre organisation. Pour en savoir plus, contactez votre administrateur
Final Cut Server.Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server 15
Installation du client Final Cut Server
Votre administrateur Final Cut Server vous fournit une URL à partie de laquelle vous pouvez télécharger une copie du client Final Cut Server sur votre ordinateur. Votre administrateur vous fournit également un nom d’utilisateur et un mot de passe pour le client
Final Cut Server.
Après avoir téléchargé le client Final Cut Server, une fenêtre d’ouverture de session
s’affiche. Vous pouvez alors vous connecter à Final Cut Server à l’aide du nom d’utilisateur et du mot de passe fournis par votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Pour vous déconnecter de Final Cut Server, sélectionnez Log Out dans le menu local
Server ou cliquez sur le bouton Close dans la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server.
Lorsque le client Final Cut Server est installé sur votre ordinateur, vous pouvez l’ouvrir
en double-cliquant sur l’icône d’application qui s’affiche à l’emplacement d’installation.
Fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server
Une fois la session Final Cut Server ouverte, vous voyez s’afficher la sous-fenêtre Assets
de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server. Cette sous-fenêtre peut être vide ou contenir
les données analysées par votre administrateur Final Cut Server ou téléchargées par d’autres
utilisateurs Final Cut Server.16 Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server
Remarque : les captures d’écran présentées dans ce manuel concernent un système
Final Cut Server type, configuré avec les réglages par défaut. Il est possible que votre
administrateur Final Cut Server ait configuré des trames de métadonnées et des types
de données différents, et donc que votre système ne soit pas identique à celui présenté
dans ces pages.
Les sous-fenêtres Assets et Productions correspondent aux deux vues disponibles
pour la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server. Une ressource est un élément utilisé
par Final Cut Server pour effectuer le suivi de chaque fichier téléchargé sur le serveur
ou analysé. La sous-fenêtre Assets affiche toutes les ressources gérées par Final Cut Server.
Les productions sont des éléments utilisés pour regrouper les ressources. La sous-fenêtre
Productions affiche toutes les productions créées par vous-même ou par d’autres utilisateurs de votre système Final Cut Server.
Pour basculer entre les sous-fenêtres Assets et Productions, cliquez sur Assets
ou sur Productions en haut à gauche de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server.
Menu local Help.
Cliquez sur ce bouton
pour afficher ou masquer la sous-fenêtre
Information.
Cliquez sur ce bouton
pour ouvrir la fenêtre
Downloads & Uploads.
Menu local Server.
Menu local Window.
Les sous-fenêtres Assets
et Productions possè-
dent toutes deux une
barre d’outils.Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server 17
Sous-fenêtre Assets
Lorsque vous cliquez sur Assets, toutes les ressources existantes de Final Cut Server
s’affichent dans le volet principal de la fenêtre. Vous pouvez parcourir les ressources
en cliquant sur les commandes de page, en haut à droite de la sous-fenêtre Assets.
La barre d’outils comprend les boutons Lock, Check Out et « New Production from
Selection ». Ces boutons deviennent actifs lorsque vous sélectionnez une ressource.
Pour en savoir plus sur les ressources média, consultez le chapitre 5, « Utilisation des ressources média », à la page 109. Pour en savoir plus sur les ressources de projet
Final Cut Pro, consultez le chapitre 6, « Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro », à la
page 119. Pour en savoir plus sur les ressources de projet Final Cut Studio, consultez le
chapitre 7, « Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio », à la page 135.
Cliquez sur Assets pour
afficher la sous-fenêtre
Assets.
Emplacement
d’affichage
des ressources.
Bouton Lock.
La sous-fenêtre Information affiche des informations sur les tâches
en cours.
Bouton Check Out. Bouton New Production
from Selection.
Parcourez les différentes
pages de ressources à
l’aide de ces commandes.18 Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server
Sous-fenêtre Productions
Le contenu de la sous-fenêtre Productions varie en fonction de la sous-fenêtre Assets.
Sa barre d’outils contient un bouton New Production.
Pour en savoir plus sur les productions, consultez « Organisation des ressources à l’aide
de productions » à la page 59.
Cliquez sur Productions
pour afficher la sousfenêtre Productions.
Emplacement
d’affichage des
productions.
La barre d’outils Production contient
un bouton New Production.Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server 19
Affichages des sous-fenêtres Assets et Productions
Les sous-fenêtres Assets et Productions peuvent s’afficher aussi bien sous forme
de listes que de vignettes. Vous pouvez changer le mode d’affichage en cliquant
sur le bouton List view ou le bouton Thumbnail View.
Thumbnail View
Ce mode affiche une image miniature (vignette) pour chaque ressource. Il peut s’agir d’une
image provenant d’un fichier vidéo téléchargé, d’un fichier image ou graphique téléchargé
ou d’une icône représentant le type de ressource ou l’application dans laquelle la ressource
a été créée. La présentation par vignettes est utile lorsque vous souhaitez parcourir les ressources ou les productions dans un format compact, sans autres informations.
Bouton List View.
Bouton Thumbnail View.
L’affichage Thumbnail
View est sélectionné.
Cette ressource vidéo
est représentée par
une vignette.
Cette ressource de projet
Final Cut Pro est représentée
par une icône Final Cut Pro.20 Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server
List View
La présentation par liste affiche le titre de la ressource et les autres métadonnées sous
forme de colonnes. Cet affichage est utile lorsque vous souhaitez afficher les informations
relatives à la ressource ou à la production ou les trier sur la base d’un champ spécifique.
Final Cut Server marque les ressources et les productions à l’aide d’icônes qui permettent
de les identifier. Dans la vue des vignettes, les icônes s’affichent sur l’icône de la ressource
ou de la production, juste au-dessus de l’icône ou de la vignette. Dans la présentation par
liste, les icônes s’affichent à gauche de la colonne Title et dans la colonne State.
Voici quelques icônes pouvant être associées aux ressources et aux productions :
List View sélectionnée
Icône Description
Ressource de projet Final Cut Pro
Ressource média (vidéo)
Ressource média (graphisme ou image)
Ressource média (audio)
Ressource (générique) ou ressource regroupée
Ressource extraite, par vousChapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server 21
Pour en savoir plus sur ces icônes, consultez le chapitre relatif au type de ressource
ou à l’état décrit par l’icône.
Options de recherche et recherches enregistrées
Une zone de recherche est disponible en haut des sous-fenêtres Assets et Productions.
Vous pouvez vous en servir pour rechercher une ressource/une production spécifique
ou pour limiter le nombre de ressources ou de productions affichées.
Ressource extraite, par un autre utilisateur
Ressource verrouillée, par vous
Ressource verrouillée, par un autre utilisateur
Ressource archivée (jaune) ; indique que vous pouvez restaurer
cette ressource à partir de son archive
Ressource archivée (blanc) ; indique que vous n’êtes pas autorisé
à restaurer cette ressource à partir de son archive
Élément de projet Final Cut Pro non relié
Représentation principale manquante, pour cette ressource,
sur ce périphérique
Cache Final Cut Server obsolète
Icône Description
Fermez le triangle d’affichage
pour afficher uniquement les
réglages de recherche simple.22 Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server
Les options de recherche avancée s’affichent lorsque vous cliquez sur le triangle d’affichage. Les sous-fenêtres Assets et Productions disposent d’options de recherche avancée différentes.
Si vous utilisez une même recherche régulièrement, vous pouvez l’enregistrer afin de
ne pas avoir à la configurer à chaque fois. Final Cut Pro propose plusieurs recherches
enregistrées par défaut, appelées Smart Searches, qui figurent dans la colonne à gauche de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server.
Pour en savoir plus sur la recherche, consultez le chapitre 3, « Organisation et recherche
dans le catalogue Final Cut Server », à la page 53.
Ouvrez le triangle d’affichage
pour afficher les réglages
de recherche avancée.
Les Smart Searches de production et de ressource
sont enregistrées ici.Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server 23
Fenêtre Asset Info
Cette fenêtre contient de nombreuses informations sur la ressource sélectionnée. Lorsque
vous double-cliquez sur une ressource figurant dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou dans
une production (ou lorsque vous cliquez sur la ressource en maintenant la touche Contrôle
enfoncée, puis sélectionnez Get Info dans le menu contextuel de la ressource), la fenêtre
d’information de cette ressource s’affiche.
Le volet gauche de la fenêtre d’information contient la vignette de la ressource et ses métadonnées générales. Le volet droit est divisé en plusieurs sections, qui contiennent chacune
un type d’information spécifique. Vous pouvez afficher les informations de chaque sousfenêtre en cliquant sur le bouton correspondant.
 Sous-fenêtre Metadata : cette sous-fenêtre contient les métadonnées du fichier
de représentation principale (fichier initialement téléchargé dans Final Cut Server)
et les métadonnées de la ressource.
 Sous-fenêtre Resources : cette sous-fenêtre contient des informations sur les fichiers
proxy et de représentation principale générés pour la ressource. Elle indique également
où la ressource est actuellement utilisée.
 Sous-fenêtre Versions : cette sous-fenêtre contient des informations sur les différentes versions, ou copies de travail, enregistrées pour une ressource.
 Sous-fenêtre Locks : cette sous-fenêtre indique les verrous appliqués à la ressource.
 Sous-fenêtre Review & Approve : cette sous-fenêtre indique l’état de la ressource et sert
à la fonction de notification par courrier.
Pour en savoir plus sur les sous-fenêtres Metadata, Resources, Versions et Locks,
consultez « À propos de la fenêtre Asset Info » à la page 85. Pour
en savoir plus sur la sous-fenêtre Review & Approve, consultez « À propos de la fonction
Review and Approve » à la page 152.
Vignette et métadonnées générales
de la ressource.
Cliquez sur le bouton Metadata
pour afficher la sous-fenêtre
Metadata.
Sous-fenêtre Metadata.24 Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server
Fenêtre Final Cut Pro Project Info
Vous pouvez afficher la fenêtre d’information d’un projet Final Cut Pro en double-cliquant sur
la ressource de projet Final Cut Pro (ou en cliquant sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis en sélectionnant Get Info dans le menu contextuel).
Lorsque vous téléchargez un projet Final Cut Pro dans Final Cut Server, une ressource est
créée pour le fichier de projet. Outre les sous-fenêtres présentes dans la fenêtre d’information d’une ressource, la fenêtre d’information d’une ressource de projet Final Cut Pro
contient également la sous-fenêtre Elements. Celle-ci contient les ressources média utilisées dans le fichier de projet Final Cut Pro.
Pour en savoir plus sur les ressources de projet Final Cut Pro, consultez le chapitre 6,
« Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro », à la page 119.
Fenêtre Final Cut Studio Project Info
Vous pouvez afficher la fenêtre d’information d’une ressource de projet Motion,
Soundtrack Pro ou DVD Studio Pro en double-cliquant sur la ressource de projet
Final Cut Pro (ou en cliquant sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle
enfoncée, puis en sélectionnant Get Info dans le menu contextuel).
Lorsque vous téléchargez les fichiers d’un projet Final Cut Studio dans Final Cut Server,
la ressource créée pour le projet Final Cut Studio représente uniquement le fichier
de projet. Contrairement aux ressources de projet Final Cut Pro, la ressource de projet
Final Cut Studio ne contient pas une liste des données associées au projet.
La sous-fenêtre Elements
indique les données
utilisées dans le cadre
du projet Final Cut Pro.
Cliquez sur Elements pour afficher la sous-fenêtre Elements.Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server 25
La fenêtre d’information d’une ressource de projet Final Cut Studio contient les sous-fenêtres
Metadata, Resources, Versions, Locks et Review & Approve. Vous pouvez afficher les informations de chaque sous-fenêtre en cliquant sur le bouton correspondant.
Pour en savoir plus sur les ressources de projet Final Cut Studio, consultez le chapitre 7,
« Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio », à la page 135.
Fenêtre Production Info
Dans Final Cut Server, vous pouvez utiliser des productions pour regrouper des ressources connexes. Si vous ouvrez la sous-fenêtre Productions en cliquant en haut à gauche
de la fenêtre principale Final Cut Server, puis si vous double-cliquez sur l’une des productions (ou si vous cliquez sur la production tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis sélectionnez Get Info dans le menu contextuel), la fenêtre d’information de cette production s’affiche.
La sous-fenêtre Assets affiche toutes les ressources contenues dans la production ;
la sous-fenêtre Metadata contient les métadonnées de la production.
Pour en savoir plus sur les productions, consultez « Organisation des ressources à l’aide
de productions » à la page 59.
Vous pouvez cliquer sur
l’un de ces boutons, au
choix, pour afficher plus
d’informations sur la production.
Chacune de ces ressources fait partie de la production.26 Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server
Fenêtre Annotations
Vous pouvez créer des commentaires pour une ressource vidéo à l’aide de la fenêtre Annotations. Ces commentaires étant conservés avec la ressource vidéo dans Final Cut Server,
les annotations sont utiles lors des révisions en interne ou des communications avec d’autres
utilisateurs Final Cut Server.
Pour afficher la fenêtre Annotations, ouvrez la fenêtre d’information de la ressource vidéo
souhaitée, puis cliquez sur le bouton Annotations.
Cliquez sur le bouton Annotations, dans la sous-fenêtre
d’information d’une ressource
vidéo, pour afficher la fenêtre
Annotations.
Vous pouvez afficher un
aperçu du plan ici.
Vous pouvez ajouter du
texte dans le champ
Annotation.
Les annotations ajoutées
à une ressource vidéo
s’affichent ici.Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server 27
Fenêtre Downloads & Uploads
Cette fenêtre vous aide à surveiller l’état des fichiers téléchargés à partir de ou vers
Final Cut Server.
Vous pouvez ouvrir la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads en cliquant sur le bouton Downloads and Uploads dans la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server (ou en sélectionnant
Downloads & Uploads dans le menu local Fenêtres).
Pour en savoir plus sur la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads, consultez « Fenêtre Downloads
& Uploads » à la page 105.
Fenêtre Search All Jobs
La fenêtre Search All Jobs s’ouvre à partir du menu local Server (situé en haut à gauche
de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server). Elle contient une liste des tâches récentes
lancées par tous les utilisateurs Final Cut Server.
Pour en savoir plus sur la fenêtre Search All Jobs, consultez « Searching Devices » à la
page 80.
La fenêtre Search All Jobs
contient une liste des
tâches les plus récentes
lancées par tous les utilisateurs Final Cut Server.28 Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server
Fenêtre Search Devices
La fenêtre Search Devices s’ouvre à partir du menu local Server de la fenêtre principale
de Final Cut Server. Elle vous permet de rechercher directement un périphérique, d’afficher
toutes les ressources (fichiers téléchargés dans Final Cut Server), ainsi que les autres fichiers,
qui n’ont pas été téléchargés dans Final Cut Server et sont stockés sur le périphérique.
Pour en savoir plus sur la fenêtre Search Devices, consultez « Recherche de périphériques »
à la page 78.
Avertissement : utilisez la fenêtre Search Devices avec précaution. Les périphériques peuvent contenir des fichiers figurant ou non dans le catalogue Final Cut Server. La manipulation de ces fichiers via la fenêtre Search Devices pourrait entraîner la duplication de
ressources dans votre système serveur Final Cut Server ou la suppression de toutes
les copies d’un fichier sur le périphérique. Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server 29
Fenêtre Preferences
Votre administrateur Final Cut Server est chargé de la configuration de la plupart des préfé-
rences d’utilisation de votre client Final Cut Server. Toutefois, il existe quelques réglages que
vous pouvez définir vous-même pour votre client Final Cut Server. Ceux-ci incluent les pré-
férences d’affichage des recherches, l’emplacement et la taille du cache Final Cut Server et
l’emplacement d’enregistrement des copies d’alias pour les fichiers de données préparés.
Vous pouvez ouvrir la fenêtre Preferences en sélectionnant Preferences dans le menu
local Server.
Pour en savoir plus sur les préférences de votre client Final Cut Server, consultez
« Définition des préférences du client Final Cut Server » à la page 107.30 Chapitre 1 À propos de Final Cut Server
Utilisation des menus contextuels dans Final Cut Server
Vous pouvez effectuer de nombreuses opérations dans Final Cut Server en utilisant
les éléments des menus contextuels. Pour afficher un menu contextuel, cliquez sur
une ressource, un projet Final Cut Pro ou une autre section Final Cut Server, tout
en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée.
Les utilisateurs Mac se servant d’une souris standard (plusieurs boutons) peuvent également cliquer avec le bouton droit sur l’élément pour afficher son menu contextuel.
Remarque : si vous utilisez Windows, pensez que le clic droit de la souris dans un système
Windows est l’équivalent du Contrôle + Clic sous Mac. Pour afficher un menu contextuel
sous Windows, cliquez avec le bouton droit de la souris sur l’élément souhaité.
Utilisation des raccourcis clavier dans Final Cut Server
La plupart des raccourcis clavier standard Mac OS X sont disponibles dans Final Cut Server.
D’autres raccourcis clavier, spécifiques à l’application, sont également disponibles dans
la fenêtre Annotations de Final Cut Server.
Menu contextuel
d’une ressource2
31
2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers
Final Cut Server
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 À propos de la création de ressources Final Cut Server (p. 31)
 Types de fichiers pouvant être téléchargés vers Final Cut Server (p. 32)
 À propos des métadonnées et des ensembles de métadonnées (p. 32)
 Stratégies de téléchargement de fichiers de données et de projets (p. 33)
 Téléchargement de fichiers de données (p. 34)
 Téléchargement de projets Final Cut Pro (p. 39)
 Téléchargement de projets Final Cut Studio (p. 43)
Avant de pouvoir gérer et suivre vos fichiers dans Final Cut Server, vous devez d’abord
les télécharger. Ce chapitre décrit comment télécharger trois types de fichiers différents
vers Final Cut Server : les fichiers de données, les fichiers de projet Final Cut Pro, ainsi
que les projets Final Cut Studio et leurs fichiers de données reliées.
À propos de la création de ressources Final Cut Server
La première étape dans la création d’un catalogue de ressources Final Cut Server consiste
à télécharger des données vers Final Cut Server. Vous pouvez télécharger manuellement
des fichiers de données, des projets Final Cut Pro et d’autres fichiers de projet
Final Cut Studio vers Final Cut Server. En outre, votre administrateur Final Cut Server
peut configurer des processus automatisés pour permettre le téléchargement automatique des fichiers. Même si votre administrateur Final Cut Server a créé des flux de travaux
de téléchargement automatisé, vous serez souvent amené à télécharger manuellement
des fichiers vers Final Cut Server.
Lorsqu’un fichier est téléchargé vers Final Cut Server, une ressource est créée. Celle-ci est
utilisée par Final Cut Server pour suivre le fichier de données ou de projet que vous avez
téléchargé. La ressource contient le fichier d’origine et les métadonnées de ce fichier.
Selon le type de fichier téléchargé, la ressource peut également contenir plusieurs fichiers
proxy, notamment un proxy de plan (pour les fichiers vidéo), un proxy de vignette et
un proxy d’affiche (pour tous les fichiers de données). Vous trouverez plus d’informations
sur les fichiers proxy plus loin dans ce chapitre.32 Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server
Les ressources média, les ressources de projet Final Cut Pro et les ressources de projet
Final Cut Studio (Motion, Soundtrack Pro et DVD Studio Pro) étant gérées différemment
dans Final Cut Server, l’utilisation de chaque type de ressource est expliquée tout au
long de ce manuel.
Types de fichiers pouvant être téléchargés vers Final Cut Server
Final Cut Server peut gérer plusieurs types de fichiers, notamment :
À propos des métadonnées et des ensembles
de métadonnées
Les métadonnées constituent une partie importante des ressources et productions incluses
dans le catalogue Final Cut Server. Étant donné que vous recherchez des métadonnées de
ressources et de productions, il est important d’ajouter autant de métadonnées que possible lorsque vous téléchargez le fichier d’origine.
Lorsque vous téléchargez un fichier de données ou de projet, toutes les métadonnées prises
en charge contenues dans le fichier sont téléchargées avec celui-ci et appliquées comme
métadonnées du fichier dans Final Cut Server. La fenêtre Upload vous invite également à
fournir un ensemble de métadonnées. Un ensemble de métadonnées est une collection de
groupes et de champs de métadonnées. L’ensemble de métadonnées que vous choisissez
pour la ressource détermine les métadonnées pouvant être ajoutées à la ressource.
Remarque : les métadonnées courantes, notamment XMP et QuickTime, sont prises en
charge par Final Cut Server. Si vous avez des questions spécifiques aux métadonnées
prises en charge par Final Cut Server, contactez votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Catégorie de données Types de fichiers pris en charge
Vidéo Projets Final Cut Pro (.fcp) et autres formats de fichiers vidéo disponibles pour la sortie à partir de Final Cut Pro et de Compressor, notamment .mov et .mpeg
Vous pouvez également télécharger les séquences de référence
QuickTime.
Audio Fichiers Soundtrack Pro (.stap et.stmp) et autres fichiers audio,
notamment .aif, .ac3, fichiers audio sans compression, .mp3, .mp4,
.m4a et .wav
Graphismes Motion Projets Motion (.motn)
DVD Fichiers de projet DVD Studio Pro (.dspproj), projets iDVD (.dvdproj)
Images fixes et graphismes Fichiers Photoshop (.psd) et autres fichiers graphiques et images,
notamment .tif, .jpeg, .png, .bmp et .gif
Fichiers texte Fichiers pages (.pages), fichiers Keynote (.key) et autres fichiers
de document, notamment .doc, .txt et .pdf Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server 33
Final Cut Server est fourni avec des ensembles de métadonnées par défaut pour décrire
vos ressources. Si les ensembles de métadonnées par défaut ne répondent pas aux besoins
du flux de travaux de votre organisation, votre administrateur Final Cut Server peut ajouter
des champs de métadonnées à des ensembles existants ou créer des ensembles de métadonnées entièrement nouveaux.
Important : si votre administrateur Final Cut Server a modifié les ensembles de métadonnées
par défaut ou s’il en a créé de nouveaux, les ensembles de métadonnées listés dans votre
copie de Final Cut Server n’auront pas la même apparence que la liste présentée ici.
Lorsque vous utilisez Final Cut Server, vous pouvez vous servir des métadonnées contenues dans une ressource pour rechercher, trier et identifier des ressources et productions
dans Final Cut Server, ainsi que pour suivre les informations au sein de votre groupe de
travail. Après le téléchargement d’un fichier, vous et d’autres personnes pouvez à tout
moment ajouter et modifier manuellement les métadonnées décrivant la ressource.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation des métadonnées dans Final Cut Server, consultez
« Utilisation de métadonnées pour organiser et rechercher des ressources » à la
page 64.
Stratégies de téléchargement de fichiers de données
et de projets
Votre administrateur Final Cut Server peut avoir configuré des analyses qui téléchargent
automatiquement les fichiers vers Final Cut Server. Pour télécharger manuellement des
fichiers de données et de projet, vous avez le choix entre deux méthodes :
 Vous pouvez faire glisser les fichiers de votre système ou d’un périphérique connecté
vers Final Cut Server. Choisissez cette méthode lorsque vous souhaitez ajouter seulement quelques données à votre catalogue de ressources.
 Vous pouvez ouvrir la fenêtre Upload à partir du menu local Server dans la fenêtre
principale de Final Cut Server, naviguer jusqu’à un dossier de fichiers de données, puis
sélectionner les fichiers à télécharger. Choisissez cette méthode si vous téléchargez
plusieurs fichiers de données.
Important : il est recommandé d’inclure les extensions de fichiers sur tous les fichiers
téléchargés vers Final Cut Server.34 Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server
Dans la fenêtre Upload qui s’affiche, vous avez le choix entre plusieurs options.
Vous pouvez sélectionner un ensemble de métadonnées pour la nouvelle ressource.
Ajoutez également plusieurs types de métadonnées au fichier lors du téléchargement.
Il est aussi possible de choisir de convertir le fichier téléchargé vers un autre codec
(à l’aide des réglages de transcodage pour les fichiers vidéo et audio à partir de Compressor) pendant le téléchargement et de regrouper la ressource dans une production.
Lorsque vous téléchargez un fichier, le nom du fichier est saisi, par défaut, dans le champ
Title de la fenêtre Upload. Vous pouvez choisir de saisir un nouveau nom dans le champ
Title. Toutefois, il est important de comprendre que le champ Title est exclusivement utilisé dans Final Cut Server. Le titre de la ressource n’apparaît pas dans les métadonnées
de la ressource si vous exportez une copie de cette ressource.
Important : si vous exportez des fichiers de projet ou de données volumineux, désactivez la fonction de suspension d’activité de votre ordinateur. Si l’ordinateur sur lequel
le client Final Cut Server est exécuté passe en mode de suspension d’activité pendant
un téléchargement, celui-ci est annulé.
Téléchargement de fichiers de données
Lorsque vous téléchargez un fichier de données ou de projet vers Final Cut Server,
la ressource créée contient le fichier de données d’origine, que Final Cut Server appelle
représentation principale.
Au moment du téléchargement, Final Cut Server crée des fichiers proxy pour certains
types de ressources média. Les fichiers Proxy sont des copies de la représentation principale utilisées pour certaines opérations dans Final Cut Server.
À propos du téléchargement de séquences de référence QuickTime
Une séquence de référence QuickTime peut contenir une liste de références à des
séquences dont les débits des données sont différents, ce qui permet à une application
de choisir la séquence ayant la meilleure apparence et pouvant être correctement lue
lors de son téléchargement sur Internet, en fonction de la vitesse de connexion de l’utilisateur. Lorsque vous téléchargez une séquence de référence QuickTime, une zone de
dialogue apparaît pour vous informer que la séquence dispose d’un ou de plusieurs
fichiers d’alias externes et vous demander si vous souhaitez aplatir le fichier avant de
le télécharger. L’aplatissement du fichier permet de créer un nouveau fichier contenant
toutes les données qui se trouvaient précédemment dans le ou les fichiers d’alias externes. Il est recommandé de choisir d’aplatir toute séquence de référence QuickTime que
vous téléchargez vers Final Cut Server.Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server 35
Si le fichier téléchargé est un fichier graphique ou un fichier vidéo, Final Cut Server crée deux
fichiers de graphismes proxy : un fichier d’affiche et un fichier de vignette. Ces deux fichiers
sont utilisés pour représenter les données de la ressource au sein de Final Cut Server.
Si le fichier téléchargé est une ressource vidéo, Final Cut Server crée également un fichier
proxy de plan. Le fichier proxy de plan est créé grâce au transcodage du fichier de repré-
sentation principale en un codec de plus faible résolution. Le proxy de plan est utilisé
pour l’affichage du fichier dans Final Cut Server.
Voici un exemple. Lorsque vous téléchargez un plan vidéo HD sans compression vers
Final Cut Server, une ressource Final Cut Server est créée. Cette ressource contient le fichier
d’origine (la représentation principale). Le fichier d’origine est également transcodé afin de
permettre la création du fichier proxy de plan. Des images JPEG sont créées pour être utilisées comme fichiers proxy de vignette et d’affiche pour la ressource.
Fichier multimédia
Ressource multimédia
Proxy de plan
Vignette
Métadonnées Affiche
Représentation
principale
Mise à jour du clip vidéo sur Final Cut Server36 Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server
Une fois le téléchargement terminé, vous pouvez afficher une liste des fichiers proxy
créés pour la ressource dans la sous-fenêtre Resources de la fenêtre d’information
de la ressource.
Vous pouvez télécharger un ou plusieurs fichiers de données vers Final Cut Server.
Lorsque vous téléchargez plusieurs fichiers de données, n’oubliez pas que tous les
réglages que vous définissez dans la fenêtre Multiple Upload, notamment les métadonnées, s’appliquent à tous les fichiers téléchargés. Par exemple, si vous spécifiez
un format de transcodage, tous les fichiers téléchargés sont transcodés.
Important : il est recommandé d’inclure les extensions de fichiers sur tous les fichiers
téléchargés vers Final Cut Server
Pour télécharger un ou plusieurs fichiers de données :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Faites glisser le ou les fichiers de données à télécharger à partir du Finder, du bureau
ou d’un volume connecté vers la colonne située sur la gauche de la fenêtre principale
de Final Cut Server, la sous-fenêtre Assets ou une production.
 Choisissez Upload File dans le menu local Server, sélectionnez le ou les fichiers
de données dans l’explorateur de fichiers qui apparaît, puis cliquez sur Télécharger.
Vous pouvez voir les fichiers proxy
créés pour la ressource dans la
sous-fenêtre Resources de la fenê-
tre d’information de la ressource.
Menu local ServerChapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server 37
Selon le nombre de fichiers que vous avez téléchargés, la fenêtre Upload ou la fenêtre
Multiple Upload apparaît.
Les fenêtres Upload et Multiple Upload sont très similaires. Dans la fenêtre Upload, vous
pouvez saisir un nom de fichier pour la ressource (celui-ci est saisi automatiquement).
Dans la fenêtre Multiple Upload, le champ Filename est masqué et le nom du fichier
est automatiquement attribué à chaque ressource téléchargée.
Remarque : une fois le téléchargement effectué, vous pouvez à tout moment modifier
le titre d’une ressource dans la sous-fenêtre Metadata de la fenêtre d’information
de la ressource.
2 Certaines des informations et métadonnées contenues dans la fenêtre Upload ou
dans la fenêtre Upload Multiple sont automatiquement saisies. Vous pouvez modifier
l’ensemble de métadonnées dans le menu local Metadata Set et ajouter des métadonnées aux nouvelles ressources.
La fenêtre Upload comprend un champ Filename modifiable.
Choisissez un ensemble
de métadonnées diffé-
rent dans le menu local.
Vous pouvez saisir des
métadonnées dans
n’importe quel champ
modifiable.
Après avoir choisi
un ensemble de métadonnées, divers groupes
de métadonnées
apparaissent.38 Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server
Important : si vous téléchargez un fichier auquel vous avez précédemment ajouté des
métadonnées à l’aide des champs d’annotation par défaut QuickTime, vous devez choisir
l’ensemble de métadonnées Média pour la ressource. Ainsi, les métadonnées attribuées au
fichier dans QuickTime apparaissent dans Final Cut Server, dans le groupe de métadonnées
QuickTime de l’ensemble de métadonnées Média. Si vous appliquez n’importe quel autre
ensemble de métadonnées à la ressource, les métadonnées QuickTime n’apparaissent pas
dans la ressource Final Cut Server.
N’oubliez pas que toutes les métadonnées que vous appliquez à un téléchargement
multiple seront associées à chacune des ressources créées.
3 Si nécessaire, choisissez un nouveau périphérique de destination dans le menu local Destination. Vous spécifiez ainsi le périphérique sur lequel le fichier sera stocké. Si vous avez
des questions sur le périphérique à utiliser, contactez votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Remarque : Media et Library sont les principaux périphériques de Final Cut Server.
Demandez à votre administrateur Final Cut Server quels autres périphériques configurés
sont adaptés au stockage de fichiers de données.
4 Si vous souhaitez regrouper la ou les ressources média dans une production, cliquez
sur Choose à droite du champ Associate with Production et spécifiez une production.
Pour en savoir plus sur les productions, consultez « Organisation des ressources à l’aide
de productions » à la page 59.
5 Si vous souhaitez convertir le ou les fichiers de données d’origine vers un codec différent,
cliquez sur le bouton Choose, puis sélectionnez un nouveau réglage de transcodage dans
la fenêtre qui apparaît.
6 Cliquez sur Begin Upload pour créer des ressources à partir du ou des fichiers de données.
Menu local Destination.
Pour transcoder les fichiers
de données, cliquez sur Choose
et sélectionnez un codec.
Lorsque vous êtes prêt
à télécharger les fichiers,
cliquez sur Begin Upload.
Pour regrouper les ressources
dans une production, cliquez
sur Choose et sélectionnez une
production.Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server 39
Le téléchargement commence. La progression du téléchargement s’affiche au-dessus
de la sous-fenêtre Information dans le coin inférieur gauche de la fenêtre principale
de Final Cut Server.
7 Pour surveiller la progression du téléchargement des fichiers, cliquez sur le bouton
Downloads and Uploads afin d’afficher la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads.
8 Une fois le fichier téléchargé, cliquez sur la Smart Search « Assets created by me »
pour afficher la ou les nouvelles ressources que vous venez de télécharger.
Téléchargement de projets Final Cut Pro
Les ressources de projet Final Cut Pro ont une structure différente de celle des ressources
média. Lorsque vous téléchargez un projet Final Cut Pro vers Final Cut Server, le fichier
de projet Final Cut Pro est la représentation principale de la ressource. Final Cut Server
détecte les fichiers vidéo et d’autres fichiers de données reliées au projet Final Cut Pro
et il télécharge chacun des fichiers de données en tant que ressource média unique.
Final Cut Server liste ensuite chacun des fichiers de données reliées au projet en tant
qu’élément de projet Final Cut Pro.
Remarque : si votre administrateur Final Cut Server a activé la création d’un fichier
Edit Proxy, un Edit Proxy sera également créé pour chaque fichier vidéo relié au projet
Final Cut Pro. Cet Edit Proxy est utilisé pour extraire des projets Final Cut Pro afin de les
modifier. Pour en savoir plus sur la fonction Edit Proxy, contactez votre administrateur
Final Cut Server.
L’indicateur Jobs in Progress
indique le nombre de tâches
en cours d’exécution.
Cliquez sur ce bouton
pour ouvrir la fenêtre
Downloads & Uploads.
Cliquez sur « Assets created by me » pour afficher la ressource créée.40 Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server
L’illustration ci-dessous montre un projet Final Cut Pro au moment du téléchargement.
Vous remarquerez que la liste des éléments se trouve à l’intérieur de la ressource mais
que les ressources média référencées par la liste des éléments sont indépendantes.
Vous pouvez voir chacune des ressources média en double-cliquant sur l’élément dans
la sous-fenêtre Elements. La fenêtre d’information de la ressource média s’ouvre alors.
Après le téléchargement d’un projet Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez obtenir des informations
sur les fichiers de données reliées au projet dans la sous-fenêtre Elements de la fenêtre
d’information de la ressource du projet Final Cut Pro.
Projet Final Cut Pro Ressource du projet
Mise à jour du projet Final Cut Pro sur Final Cut Server
Liste d’éléments
multimédia liés
.mov
.jpeg
.aif
.mov
.jpeg
.aif
Clip Proxy
Les données reliées apparaissent dans
la sous-fenêtre Elements de la fenêtre
d’information de la ressource.Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server 41
Vous pouvez également regarder dans la sous-fenêtre Resources de la fenêtre d’information d’une ressource média pour voir si elle est reliée à un projet Final Cut Pro.
Important : il est recommandé d’inclure les extensions de fichiers sur tous les fichiers
téléchargés vers Final Cut Server
Pour télécharger un fichier de projet Final Cut Pro :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations ci-dessous :
 Faites glisser le fichier de projet Final Cut Pro vers la colonne située sur la gauche
de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server, vers la sous-fenêtre Assets ou vers une
production dans la sous-fenêtre Productions.
 Choisissez Upload File dans le menu local Server (le menu local dans la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server qui apparaît lorsque vous cliquez sur le bouton Server), sélectionnez le fichier de projet Final Cut Pro dans l’explorateur de fichiers qui s’affiche, puis
cliquez sur Télécharger.
Un exemple de cette
ressource média est
utilisé dans le projet
Final Cut Pro intitulé
« 3133_Motorbikes ».
La production
« Motorbikes1 » inclut
ce fichier de données.42 Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server
La fenêtre « Upload Final Cut Pro Project » apparaît.
2 Certaines des informations contenues dans la fenêtre « Link Final Cut Pro Upload » sont
saisies automatiquement. Vous pouvez modifier l’ensemble de métadonnées et ajouter
n’importe quelle métadonnée pour le nouveau projet Final Cut Pro et les données reliées.
Important : toutes les métadonnées que vous saisissez pour la ressource de projet
seront appliquées à la ressource du nouveau projet et à chaque ressource créée pour
les fichiers de données reliées.
3 Si nécessaire, choisissez un nouveau périphérique de destination dans le menu local
Destination.
Vous spécifiez ainsi le périphérique sur lequel le fichier sera stocké. Si vous avez des
questions sur le périphérique à utiliser, contactez votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Remarque : Media et Library sont les principaux périphériques de Final Cut Server.
Demandez à votre administrateur Final Cut Server quels autres périphériques configurés
sont adaptés au stockage de fichiers de données.Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server 43
4 Si vous souhaitez regrouper la ressource de projet Final Cut Pro dans une production, cliquez sur Choose à droite du champ Associate with Production et spécifiez une production.
Pour en savoir plus sur les productions, notamment sur la création d’une nouvelle production, consultez « Organisation des ressources à l’aide de productions » à la page 59.
5 Cliquez sur Upload.
Le téléchargement commence. La progression du téléchargement s’affiche au-dessus
de la sous-fenêtre Information dans le coin inférieur gauche de la fenêtre principale
de Final Cut Server.
6 Pour surveiller la progression du téléchargement des fichiers, cliquez sur le bouton
Downloads and Uploads afin d’afficher la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads.
7 Une fois le fichier téléchargé, cliquez sur la Smart Search « Assets created by me »
pour afficher la ou les nouvelles ressources que vous venez de télécharger.
Téléchargement de projets Final Cut Studio
Les ressources de projet Final Cut Pro sont uniques dans le sens où la relation entre un projet Final Cut Pro et ses fichiers de données reliées est gérée par Final Cut Server. Les fichiers
de projet Final Cut Studio peuvent également être téléchargés en tant que ressources
et suivis par Final Cut Server, mais les références entre le fichier de projet et les fichiers
de données ne sont pas automatiquement gérées par Final Cut Server.
Il est recommandé de télécharger un dossier contenant le fichier de projet Final Cut Studio
et tous les fichiers de données reliées au projet vers Final Cut Server.
Important : iI est possible de télécharger uniquement un fichier de projet Motion,
Soundtrack Pro ou DVD Studio Pro vers Final Cut Server. Lorsque vous téléchargez uniquement le fichier de projet, une ressource est créée pour le fichier de projet seulement.
Contrairement à un fichier de projet Final Cut Pro, le fichier de projet Final Cut Studio
n’inclut pas de liste d’éléments. Plutôt que de télécharger un fichier de projet unique,
il est recommandé de télécharger un dossier contenant le fichier de projet Motion,
Soundtrack Pro ou DVD Studio Pro et tous les fichiers de données reliées au fichier
de projet vers Final Cut Server.
Lorsque vous téléchargez un dossier contenant le fichier de projet Motion, Soundtrack Pro
ou DVD Studio Pro et tous les fichiers de données reliées au fichier de projet, une zone de
dialogue apparaît pour vous demander si vous souhaitez télécharger le dossier et les fichiers
qu’il contient en tant que ressource regroupée ou en tant que ressources individuelles. 44 Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server
Si vous sélectionnez Create Bundle Asset, le fichier de projet et chacun des fichiers de données sont téléchargés en tant que ressource regroupée. Le téléchargement du dossier en
tant que ressource regroupée garantit que lorsque vous extrayez ou exportez la ressource
regroupée, tous les fichiers de données intégrés au projet sont toujours là. La ressource
regroupée peut être extraite, modifiée et réintégrée. Elle peut également être exportée.
Toutefois, lorsque vous téléchargez un dossier de fichiers en tant que ressource regroupée,
les fichiers qu’elle contient ne sont pas disponibles en tant que ressources séparées dans
Final Cut Server.
Si vous sélectionnez Create Individual Assets, le fichier de projet et chacun de ses fichiers
de données reliées sont téléchargés vers Final Cut Server en tant que ressources uniques.
Final Cut Server ne gérant pas les références entre le projet et les fichiers de données,
il est conseillé de regrouper la ressource de projet et les ressources média dans leur propre production et d’ajouter des métadonnées uniques à la ressource de projet et aux
ressources média. Vous pouvez effectuer ces deux opérations dans la fenêtre Upload
qui s’affiche après avoir sélectionné Create Individual Assets. Même si le téléchargement
d’un dossier de fichiers en tant que ressources individuelles nécessite une certaine planification, cette opération est utile. En effet, chacun des fichiers du dossier est téléchargé
en tant que ressource individuelle et vous pouvez y accéder à partir de Final Cut Server.
Important : il est recommandé d’inclure les extensions de fichiers sur tous les fichiers
téléchargés vers Final Cut Server
Téléchargement d’un projet Final Cut Studio et de ses fichiers
de données en tant que ressource regroupée
Le téléchargement d’un projet Final Cut Studio et de ses fichiers de données en tant que
ressource regroupée entraîne la création d’une ressource unique dans Final Cut Server.
Cette ressource regroupée est simple d’utilisation : une fois la ressource regroupée
extraite ou exportée, le dossier devient visible et vous pouvez ouvrir le fichier de projet
qu’il contient dans l’application Final Cut Studio appropriée. Si les données étaient reliées
au fichier de projet lorsque le dossier a été téléchargé vers Final Cut Server, toutes les données du fichier sont connectées et il est prêt à être utilisé lorsqu’il s’ouvre.Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server 45
L’illustration ci-dessous montre un projet Final Cut Studio téléchargé en tant que ressource
regroupée. Celle-ci apparaît dans Final Cut Studio en tant que ressource générique unique,
sans indication sur son fichier de projet ou ses fichiers de données reliées.
Si vous téléchargez un projet Final Cut Studio et ses fichiers de données en tant que ressource regroupée, les données et fichiers de projet ne peuvent pas être affichés à partir
de Final Cut Server. Pour accéder aux ressources média, vous devez extraire la ressource
regroupée et accéder aux fichiers de données à partir du dossier.
Important : si un projet Final Cut Studio et ses fichiers de données sont téléchargés en tant
que ressource regroupée vers un périphérique que votre administrateur Final Cut Server
a automatisé pour rechercher de nouvelles ressources, les fichiers de la ressource regroupée sont analysés et de nouvelles ressources sont créées pour chaque fichier de la ressource
regroupée. Si vous téléchargez un projet Final Cut Studio et ses fichiers de ressources en tant
que ressource regroupée et remarquez ensuite que de nouvelles ressources ont été créées
pour les fichiers de la ressource, contactez votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Lot de ressources
Dossier
Projet
Motofloue.motn
Route_3232.mov
Musique_3225.aif
Motard_322.jpg Arbre_5344.jpg
Motos.aif
Mise à jour du dossier sur Final Cut Server46 Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server
Pour télécharger un fichier de projet Final Cut Studio et ses fichiers de données
en tant que ressource regroupée :
1 Dans l’application Final Cut Studio, enregistrez le projet et choisissez de rassembler
les données. Dans Motion et Soundtrack Pro, vous pouvez, pour ce faire, sélectionner
File > Save sous et choisir de rassembler les données dans la fenêtre Save as. Dans
DVD Studio Pro, vous devez placer manuellement le projet et les fichiers de données
dans un dossier.
Remarque : pour obtenir des informations spécifiques sur l’utilisation de ces applications, consultez le manuel de l’utilisateur de l’application.
Important : lorsque vous téléchargez un fichier de projet DVD Studio Pro et ses fichiers
de données reliées, il est inutile de télécharger les fichiers .par. Lorsque vous extrayez
et ouvrez le projet dans DVD Studio Pro, les fichiers .par sont automatiquement recréés.
Le fichier de projet et ses fichiers de données sont enregistrés dans un dossier à l’emplacement que vous avez indiqué.
2 Dans Final Cut Server, créez une nouvelle production pour le projet et ses ressources
en procédant comme suit :
a Ouvrez la sous-fenêtre Productions en cliquant sur Productions dans la colonne
située sur la gauche de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server.
b Cliquez sur le bouton New Production dans la barre d’outils.
c Choisissez un ensemble de métadonnées pour la nouvelle production dans le menu
local Metadata Set.
d Selon le type de production que vous choisissez, un certain nombre de champs de métadonnées de production apparaissent. Saisissez dans ces champs un titre et d’autres métadonnées uniques pour le projet. Les champs portant un astérisque (*) sont obligatoires.
e Cliquez sur Save changes pour enregistrer la nouvelle production.
3 Faites glisser le dossier contenant le fichier de projet et ses données reliées du Finder
vers la nouvelle production, dans la sous-fenêtre Productions de Final Cut Server.
Projet Motion
Fichiers de données
d’un projet MotionChapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server 47
4 Une zone de dialogue apparaît, vous demandant si vous souhaitez télécharger le dossier
en tant que ressource regroupée ou en tant que ressource individuelle. Cliquez sur Create
Bundle Asset.
La fenêtre Link Upload apparaît. Notez que le champ Associate with Production affiche
la production dans laquelle vous avez fait glisser le dossier.
5 Choisissez un ensemble de métadonnées pour la ressource dans le menu local Metadata
Set et ajoutez des métadonnées à un ou plusieurs champs, en les définissant comme
ressource regroupée.
6 Si nécessaire, choisissez un nouveau périphérique de destination dans le menu local
Destination.
Vous spécifiez ainsi le périphérique sur lequel le fichier sera stocké. Si vous avez des
questions sur le périphérique à utiliser, contactez votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Remarque : Media et Library sont les principaux périphériques de Final Cut Server. Demandez à votre administrateur Final Cut Server quels autres périphériques configurés sont adaptés au stockage de fichiers de données.
7 Cliquez sur le bouton Upload pour créer la ressource.
Le fichier est téléchargé et la ressource regroupée créée.
Ajoutez des métadonnées pour définir
le type de projet
téléchargé.
Le nom de la production dans laquelle vous
avez fait glisser le dossier apparaît ici.48 Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server
8 Une fois la ressource regroupée créée, sélectionnez la sous-fenêtre Productions,
puis la production que vous avez créée et cliquez sur le bouton Search pour afficher
la nouvelle ressource dans Final Cut Server.
Si vous avez besoin d’identifier la ressource regroupée ultérieurement, vous pouvez
ouvrir la fenêtre d’information de la ressource et afficher les métadonnées que vous
avez ajoutées lors du téléchargement.
Téléchargement d’un projet Final Cut Studio et de ses fichiers
de données en tant que ressources individuelles
Le téléchargement d’un projet Motion, Soundtrack Pro ou DVD Studio Pro et de ses fichiers
de données en tant que ressources individuelles entraîne la création d’une ressource pour
chaque fichier du dossier. Si le téléchargement du fichier de projet est similaire à celui du
fichier de projet Final Cut Pro, une différence significative existe toutefois : contrairement
à une ressource de projet Final Cut Pro, les fichiers de données du projet ne sont pas réfé-
rencés vers le fichier de projet.
Pour que le projet et ses données restent ensemble, vous pouvez ajouter aux ressources
des métadonnées uniques, par exemple le nom du projet ou d’autres étiquettes utiles.
Pour stocker ensemble et de manière pratique votre projet et les ressources média, vous pouvez télécharger les fichiers vers une nouvelle production ou vers une production existante.
La ressource regroupée
dispose d’une icône de
document générique.
Utilisez les métadonnées
que vous avez ajoutées
lors du téléchargement
pour identifier la ressource regroupée.Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server 49
L’illustration ci-dessous montre un projet Final Cut Studio et ses données téléchargées
en tant que ressources individuelles dans une production Final Cut Server.
Important : il est recommandé de télécharger un fichier de projet Final Cut Studio
et ses fichiers de données dans une production commune. Il est également recommandé
d’ajouter des métadonnées uniques à la ressource de projet et à chacune de ses ressources média. Ces métadonnées doivent être utilisées uniquement sur la ressource de projet,
les ressources média et la production. L’ajout de métadonnées uniques et la création d’une
production vous offrent deux méthodes de connexion de la ressource de projet et de ses
ressources média.
Pour télécharger un fichier de projet Final Cut Studio ou autre et ses fichiers
de données en tant que ressources individuelles :
1 Dans l’application Final Cut Studio, enregistrez le projet et choisissez de rassembler
les données. Dans Motion et Soundtrack Pro, vous pouvez, pour ce faire, sélectionner
Fichier > Enregistrer sous et choisir de rassembler les données dans la fenêtre Enregistrer sous. Dans DVD Studio Pro, vous devez placer manuellement le projet et les fichiers
de données dans un dossier.
Remarque : pour obtenir des informations spécifiques sur l’utilisation de ces applications, consultez le manuel de l’utilisateur de l’application.
Important : lorsque vous téléchargez un fichier de projet DVD Studio Pro et ses fichiers
de données reliées, il est inutile de télécharger les fichiers .par. Lorsque vous extrayez
et ouvrez le projet dans DVD Studio Pro, les fichiers .par sont automatiquement recréés.
Le fichier de projet et ses données sont enregistrés dans un dossier à l’emplacement
que vous avez indiqué.
Mise à jour du projet Final Cut Studio sur Final Cut Server
Remarque : chacun des éléments
de la production est une ressource.
Production Final Cut Server
Folder
Project
.mov
.jpeg
.aif
Proxy de plan
Motofloue.motn
Route_3232.mov
Musique_3225.aif
Motard_322.jpg Arbre_5344.jpg
Motos.aif50 Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server
2 Dans Final Cut Server, créez une nouvelle production pour le projet et ses ressources
en procédant comme suit :
a Ouvrez la sous-fenêtre Productions en cliquant sur Productions dans la colonne
située sur la gauche de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server.
b Cliquez sur le bouton New Production dans la barre d’outils.
c Choisissez un ensemble de métadonnées pour la nouvelle production dans le menu
local Metadata Set.
d Selon le type de production que vous choisissez, un certain nombre de champs
de métadonnées de production apparaissent. Saisissez dans ces champs un titre
et d’autres métadonnées uniques pour le projet. Les champs portant un astérisque (*)
sont obligatoires.
e Cliquez sur Save Changes pour enregistrer la nouvelle production.
3 Faites glisser le dossier contenant le fichier de projet et ses données reliées du Finder
vers la nouvelle production, dans la sous-fenêtre Productions de Final Cut Server.
4 Une zone de dialogue apparaît, vous demandant si vous souhaitez télécharger le dossier
en tant que ressource regroupée ou en tant que ressource individuelle. Cliquez sur Create
Individual Assets.
5 Une zone de dialogue apparaît pour vous informer que Final Cut Server ne peut pas
gérer les références pouvant exister dans le fichier de projet que vous téléchargez.
Cliquez sur Continue.
La fenêtre Multiple Link Upload apparaît. Notez que le champ Associate with Production
affiche la production dans laquelle vous avez fait glisser le dossier.
6 Choisissez un ensemble de métadonnées pour les ressources dans le menu local
Metadata Set.
Ajoutez aux fichiers téléchargés des métadonnées uniques. L’ajout de métadonnées
reliées au projet vous aide à suivre les ressources reliées à la ressource de projet.
Ajoutez des métadonnées
pour différencier les
fichiers téléchargés.
Le nom de la production
dans laquelle vous avez
fait glisser le dossier
apparaît ici.Chapitre 2 Téléchargement de fichiers vers Final Cut Server 51
7 Si nécessaire, choisissez un nouveau périphérique de destination dans le menu local
Destination.
Vous spécifiez ainsi le périphérique sur lequel le fichier sera stocké. Si vous avez des
questions sur le périphérique à utiliser, contactez votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Remarque : Media et Library sont les principaux périphériques de Final Cut Server.
Demandez à votre administrateur Final Cut Server quels autres périphériques configurés
sont adaptés au stockage de fichiers de données.
8 Cliquez sur le bouton Begin Upload afin de créer des ressources pour le fichier de projet
et ses fichiers de données reliées.
Les fichiers sont téléchargés. La progression du téléchargement s’affiche au-dessus
de la sous-fenêtre Information dans le coin inférieur gauche de la fenêtre principale
de Final Cut Server. Pour surveiller la progression du téléchargement des fichiers, cliquez
sur le bouton Downloads and Uploads pour afficher la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads.
9 Une fois les fichiers téléchargés, sélectionnez la sous-fenêtre Productions, cliquez sur le
bouton Search, puis double-cliquez sur la production afin d’afficher les nouvelles ressources.
Le fichier de projet Final Cut Studio et chacun de ses fichiers de données ont été téléchargés
comme des ressources. Les ressources apparaissent également dans la sous-fenêtre Assets
de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server.
Chacune des ressources
individuelles apparaît
dans la production.3
53
3 Organisation et recherche dans
le catalogue Final Cut Server
Ce chapitre couvre les éléments suivants :
 Vue d’ensemble du catalogue de ressources Final Cut Server (p. 53)
 Organisation des ressources à l’aide de productions (p. 59)
 Utilisation de métadonnées pour organiser et rechercher des ressources (p. 64)
 Recherche dans Final Cut Server (p. 66)
 Affichage des résultats d’une recherche (p. 74)
 Suivi de l’état d’une ressource ou d’une production à l’aide de métadonnées (p. 75)
 Ajout et modification des métadonnées de ressources (p. 77)
 Recherche de périphériques et de tâches (p. 78)
Lorsque vous téléchargez des ressources, elles sont ajoutées à votre catalogue
Final Cut Server, qui consiste en une collection de ressources téléchargées par vous
et par d’autres utilisateurs de Final Cut Server. Alors que le nombre de ressources augmente dans votre catalogue, il devient de plus en plus important de créer et de gérer
les recherches. Ce chapitre présente différentes utilisations de Final Cut Server pour
organiser vos ressources et les rechercher.
Vue d’ensemble du catalogue de ressources Final Cut Server
Avant de pouvoir organiser ou rechercher des ressources dans le catalogue Final Cut Server,
vous devez comprendre comment afficher les sous-fenêtres Assets et Productions.
La sous-fenêtre Assets affiche toutes les ressources téléchargées vers Final Cut Server.
Vous pouvez afficher toutes les ressources de votre système Final Cut Server en cliquant
sur Search dans la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server.54 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
De même, la sous-fenêtre Productions affiche toutes les productions créées dans votre
système Final Cut Server. Les productions sont utilisées pour organiser les ressources ; par
exemple, si vous téléchargez un fichier de projet Soundtrack Pro et tous les fichiers audio
utilisés dans ce projet, vous pouvez créer une production pour conserver cette ressource
de projet et ses ressources média. Les productions sont également utilisées pour grouper
des projets associés, comme les projets en cours d’un client particulier. Vous pouvez afficher toutes les productions présentes dans votre catalogue Final Cut Server en cliquant sur
Productions dans la colonne située à gauche de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server.
Vous pouvez réduire le nombre de ressources ou de productions qui apparaissent pour
chaque recherche. La recherche la plus simple que vous pouvez effectuer consiste à saisir
un terme à rechercher dans le champ de recherche, puis à cliquer sur le bouton Search.
Vous pouvez également effectuer une recherche avancée, qui vous permet de rechercher
un terme dans un champ de métadonnées particulier. Pour en savoir plus sur la recherche,
consultez « Recherche dans Final Cut Server » à la page 66.
Si vous souhaitez conserver une recherche, vous pouvez l’enregistrer. Les recherches
enregistrées sont appelées des Smart Searches. Elles sont stockées dans la colonne
située à gauche de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server. Pour en savoir plus sur
les Smart Searches, consultez « Création d’une Smart Search » à la page 72.
Votre administrateur Final Cut Server peut personnaliser les champs de métadonnées
de recherche avancée dans votre système Final Cut Server. Pour en savoir plus, contactez
votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Cliquez sur Assets
ou sur Productions pour
choisir le type d’éléments
à afficher.
Le fait de cliquer sur une
Smart Search choisit
également le type
d’éléments à afficher.Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 55
Icônes de ressources
Les ressources peuvent être marquées par des icônes qui les identifient. Ces icônes peuvent
indiquer qu’une ressource est extraite, verrouillée et archivée ; elles identifient également
le type de la ressource (par exemple fichier audio et fichier vidéo) et si les données d’une
ressource de projet sont non reliées. Ces icônes sont utiles pour en savoir plus sur la ressource sans avoir à ouvrir sa fenêtre d’information. Pour obtenir la liste complète des icônes
qui peuvent marquer une ressource, consultez le tableau des icônes de ressources dans
« Affichages des sous-fenêtres Assets et Productions » à la page 19.
Types de ressources
Les ressources peuvent être réparties parmi trois catégories principales : les ressources
média, les ressources de projet Final Cut Pro et les ressources de projet Final Cut Studio
ou d’autres projets.
Les ressources média sont créées lorsque des fichiers audio, vidéo, graphiques ou d’autres
données sont téléchargés vers Final Cut Server. Les ressources de projet Final Cut Pro sont
créées lorsque des projets Final Cut Pro sont téléchargés vers Final Cut Server. La fenêtre
d’information des ressources de projet Final Cut Pro contient une sous-fenêtre Elements
qui répertorie les ressources média utilisées par le fichier de projets Final Cut Pro.
Les ressources de projet Final Cut Studio sont créées lorsque les fichiers de projet Motion,
Soundtrack Pro et DVD Studio Pro sont téléchargés vers Final Cut Server. Contrairement
aux ressources de projet Final Cut Pro, ces fichiers de projet exigent que vous organisiez
manuellement les ressources média reliées du projet. (Notez qu’un projet Final Cut Studio
et ses données peuvent être téléchargés sous forme de ressource regroupée ou de ressources individuelles.) Pour en savoir plus sur les ressources que vous pouvez télécharger
vers Final Cut Server, consultez le chapitre 2, « Téléchargement de fichiers vers
Final Cut Server », à la page 31.56 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
De nombreuses ressources affichent sur leur vignette une icône (vidéo, audio ou graphique,
par exemple) ou un symbole d’application (fichiers de projet Final Cut Studio, par exemple).
Ressource de
projet Motion
Ressource image
Ressource vidéo
Ressource
audio
Ressource Final Cut ProChapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 57
Vous pouvez également obtenir des informations sur une ressource au moyen de son type
mime. Le type mime décrit le type d’informations contenues dans le fichier de représentation principale ou l’application dans laquelle le fichier de représentation principale a été créé.
Vous pouvez rechercher un type mime donné ; si vous utilisez souvent cette recherche,
vous pouvez l’enregistrer sous forme de Smart Search. Pour en savoir plus, consultez
« Recherche dans Final Cut Server » à la page 66.
Le type mime de
cette ressource image
est affiché ici.
Le type mime de cette
ressource de projet
Final Cut Pro est affiché ici.58 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
À propos de la fenêtre Asset Info
Chaque ressource du catalogue Final Cut Server comporte une fenêtre fournissant
des informations détaillées sur la ressource.
Les informations affichées dans une fenêtre d’information de ressource sont déterminées
par le type de la ressource. Chaque fenêtre d’information de ressource contient des sousfenêtres d’information sur la ressource.
Vous pouvez également effectuer de nombreuses commandes à partir du menu local
Action de la fenêtre d’information de ressource.
Pour ouvrir la fenêtre d’information d’une ressource, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
m Double-cliquez sur la ressource dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou dans une production.
m Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez
Get Info dans le menu contextuel.
Menu local Action
Cliquez sur ces boutons
pour afficher plus d’informations sur la ressource.
Fenêtre d’information de
ressource vidéoChapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 59
Outre les informations affichées dans les fenêtres d’information des autres ressources,
une fenêtre d’information de ressource de projet Final Cut Pro affiche tous les éléments
utilisés dans le projet Final Cut Pro.
Organisation des ressources à l’aide de productions
Les productions sont utilisées pour grouper des ressources et des projets Final Cut Pro
associés. Vous pouvez créer des productions pour conserver toute combinaison
de ressources et de projets ayant une signification dans votre flux de travaux.
Remarque : une ressource peut être associée à une ou plusieurs productions.
Fenêtre d’information
de ressource de projet
Final Cut Pro
La sous-fenêtre Elements
affiche toutes les données
reliées du projet.
Cliquez sur un bouton
pour afficher plus d’informations sur la production.
Chacune de ces ressources est contenue dans
la production.60 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
Pour créer une production :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Dans la sous-fenêtre Productions, cliquez sur le bouton New Production dans la barre
d’outils.
Une nouvelle production, vide, est créée.
 Dans la sous-fenêtre Assets, sélectionnez une ou plusieurs ressources, puis cliquez
sur le bouton « New Production from Selection » dans la barre d’outils.
Une nouvelle production est créée, contenant les ressources sélectionnées.
La fenêtre Production apparaît.
2 Dans le menu local Metadata Set, choisissez un ensemble de métadonnées pour
la production.
Cliquez sur le bouton New
Production pour créer une
nouvelle production.
Le bouton New Production from Selection est disponible une fois que vous
avez sélectionné une ou
plusieurs ressources.
Choisissez un ensemble de métadonnées.Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 61
3 Selon les métadonnées choisies, plusieurs champs de métadonnées apparaissent.
Saisissez dans ces champs des informations sur la production, notamment un titre
et un état de priorité.
Remarque : les champs marqués d’un astérisque (*) doivent être remplis.
4 Cliquez sur Save Changes.
La fenêtre Production se ferme.
Une fois que vous avez créé une production, celle-ci apparaît dans la sous-fenêtre
Productions.
Pour afficher la production que vous venez de créer :
1 Cliquez sur la Smart Search « Productions created by me » pour afficher la production
que vous venez de créer.
Un ensemble de métadonnées peut contenir
plusieurs groupes de
métadonnées.
Nouvelle production
Cliquez sur la Smart
Search « Productions
created by me » pour
afficher la nouvelle
production.62 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
2 Double-cliquez sur la production pour en afficher les détails.
Vous pouvez ajouter une ressource à la production, depuis Final Cut Server ou lorsque
vous téléchargez de nouveaux fichiers vers Final Cut Server.
Pour ajouter une ressource à une fenêtre de production existante :
m Faites glisser la ressource depuis la sous-fenêtre Assets vers la fenêtre de production ouverte.
Pour ajouter une ressource média ou de projet à une production existante lors
du téléchargement, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Faites glisser la ressource média ou de projet directement du Finder vers une production.
m Choisissez Upload File dans le menu local Server (le menu local dans la fenêtre principale
de Final Cut Server qui apparaît lorsque vous cliquez sur le bouton Server), puis spécifiez
une production à associer aux ressources dans la fenêtre Upload ou Multiple Upload.
Lorsque le téléchargement est terminé, les ressources apparaissent dans la production
que vous avez spécifiée.
Veillez à cliquer sur le bouton Search, après avoir ajouté la ressource à la production,
afin de réactualiser la sous-fenêtre Productions.
Vous pouvez y faire glisser des ressources pour
les ajouter à la nouvelle
production.
Cliquez sur Metadata pour
afficher les métadonnées
de la production.Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 63
Une fois que vous avez ajouté une ressource à une production, Final Cut Server effectue
le suivi de la ressource en tant que ressource reliée. Vous pouvez afficher les productions
auxquelles une ressource est reliée en ouvrant la fenêtre d’information de la ressource
et en cliquant sur Resources. La liste de productions auxquelles la ressource est reliée
s’affiche en bas à droite de la fenêtre d’information de la ressource.
Pour retirer une ressource d’une production :
1 Ouvrez la fenêtre d’information sur la production.
2 Sélectionnez la ressource que vous souhaitez retirer de la production.
3 Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez
Remove from Production dans le menu contextuel.
La ressource est retirée de la production.
Cette ressource est reliée
à deux productions.
Cliquez sur Resources dans la fenê-
tre d’information de la ressource.
Choisissez Remove from
Production dans le menu
contextuel.64 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
Pour supprimer une production :
m Dans la sous-fenêtre Productions, cliquez, tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
sur la production que vous souhaitez supprimer, puis choisissez Delete dans le menu
contextuel.
La production est supprimée.
Remarque : seule la production est supprimée. Si la production contenait des ressources,
aucune ressource n’est supprimée dans la sous-fenêtre Assets.
Veillez à cliquer sur le bouton Search après avoir supprimé la production afin de réactualiser
la sous-fenêtre Productions.
Utilisation de métadonnées pour organiser et rechercher
des ressources
Vous pouvez utiliser toutes les métadonnées de fichier reconnues par Final Cut Server
pour organiser et rechercher des ressources. Vous pouvez également ajouter des métadonnées à propos de la ressource dans l’ensemble de métadonnées de cette dernière.
Par exemple, vous pouvez créer un mot-clé, puis créer une recherche enregistrée dans
Final Cut Server pour les ressources qui contiennent ce mot-clé.
À propos des métadonnées de fichiers et de ressources
Lorsque vous importez une ressource, elle comporte diverses métadonnées. Les métadonnées spécifiques apportées par un fichier dans Final Cut Server dépendent du type
du fichier où se trouve la ressource et de l’application ou des applications avec lesquelles la ressource a été créée et modifiée. Certains types de ressources comportent
des métadonnées standard, comme les métadonnées XMP ou EXIF.
Après le téléchargement, les métadonnées peuvent être ajoutées à une ressource existante.
Par exemple, des mots-clés peuvent être ajoutés pour identifier le projet ou la production
dont la ressource fait partie.
Toutes les métadonnées d’une ressource, pour le fichier et pour la ressource, sont affichées
dans une fenêtre d’information de ressource. Cela comprend les métadonnées importées
avec le fichier lors du téléchargement et les métadonnées ajoutées dans Final Cut Server. Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 65
Pour afficher les métadonnées d’une ressource :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Double-cliquez sur la ressource.
 Cliquez sur la ressource, tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez
Get Info dans le menu contextuel.
2 Cliquez sur le bouton Metadata.
À propos des ensembles de métadonnées
Final Cut Server comporte plusieurs ensembles de métadonnées. Les ensembles de métadonnées trient les nombreux champs de métadonnées contenus dans une ressource,
y compris les métadonnées de projet et d’état de la ressource. Vous pouvez utiliser les
diverses métadonnées d’un ensemble de métadonnées pour rechercher des ressources
dans Final Cut Server, les trier et les identifier.
Chaque ensemble de métadonnées dans Final Cut Server contient des champs de métadonnées spécifiques. Lors du téléchargement, les métadonnées de fichiers lisibles par
Final Cut Server sont copiées et entrées dans tout champ de métadonnées correspondant
dans l’ensemble de métadonnées que vous avez choisi pour la ressource.
Il est important de comprendre que les ensembles de métadonnées ne contiennent pas
toutes les métadonnées qu’un fichier de données peut comporter. Les métadonnées affichées dans la ressource sont influencées par deux facteurs : l’ensemble de métadonnées
choisi pour la ressource, lors du téléchargement, et la méthode utilisée pour ajouter les
métadonnées au fichier. Une ressource peut donc contenir des métadonnées qui ne sont
pas affichées dans l’ensemble de métadonnées ou dans Final Cut Server.
Si vous avez besoin d’ajouter à Final Cut Server des métadonnées qui ne sont pas
actuellement importées par le téléchargement d’un fichier, contactez votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Une combinaison
de métadonnées de
fichiers et de ressources
est affichée ici.
Métadonnées de fichiers
(utilisez la barre de
défilement pour en
voir davantage).
Métadonnées
de ressources.
Dans la fenêtre d’information de
la ressource, cliquez sur Metadata.
Cette ressource comporte trois
groupes de métadonnées.66 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
Remarque : si vous avez ajouté des métadonnées à un fichier QuickTime au moyen des
zones d’annotation QuickTime par défaut, ces métadonnées apparaissent dans le groupe
de métadonnées QuickTime de l’ensemble de métadonnées Média. Vous devez attribuer
l’ensemble de métadonnées de la ressource à Media pour afficher les informations d’annotation QuickTime ; si vous appliquez tout autre ensemble de métadonnées, les métadonnées
QuickTime ne sont pas visibles dans la ressource Final Cut Server.
Recherche dans Final Cut Server
Vous pouvez effectuer des recherches dans les sous-fenêtres Assets et Productions
de Final Cut Server. Vous pouvez également rechercher les périphériques disponibles
et les tâches effectuées par Final Cut Server.
Après avoir configuré une recherche, vous pouvez l’enregistrer et y accéder en un clic
de souris.
Remarque : une fois que vous avez saisi un terme de recherche, le champ de recherche
conserve le dernier terme saisi. Il vous est donc facile de répéter la recherche que vous
venez de saisir.
Recherche simple
Pour effectuer une recherche simple dans les sous-fenêtres Assets ou Productions de
Final Cut Server, choisissez un type de recherche et saisissez un terme. Final Cut Server
recherche ce terme dans chaque champ de métadonnées de chaque ressource ou production. La recherche n’est pas sensible au caractère.
Dans le champ Simple Search, vous pouvez choisir deux types de recherche simple :
 Choisissez Contains pour rechercher le terme que vous avez saisi dans un seul champ
de métadonnée. Par exemple, si vous entrez le terme se, Final Cut Server recherche tous
les termes comportant les caractères se, comme serein, dispose et dense, dans un seul
champ de métadonnées.
 Choisissez Matches Word pour rechercher un mot particulier dans chaque champ de
métadonnées disponible. Les recherches Matches Word sont basées sur la recherche
de radical, une procédure qui identifie la racine du mot, modifiée par les exigences
grammaticales de l’anglais. Par exemple, la racine de work, works, worked, et working
est work. Si vous saisissez le terme de recherche working, Final Cut Server tronque le
terme à work, puis renvoie toutes les ressources contenant un terme de racine work
dans les champs de métadonnées de la ressource.
Remarque : lors d’une recherche de radical, les mots courants comme the, a, and et but
sont ignorés. Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 67
Vous pouvez rendre des recherches simples plus précises à l’aide d’un délimiteur
de recherche.
Pour effectuer une recherche simple :
1 Dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou Production, choisissez un type de recherche (Contains
ou Matches Word) dans le menu local Search.
2 Saisissez un ou plusieurs termes dans le champ de recherche.
Par exemple, si vous souhaitez rechercher un type mime donné, saisissez le type mime
complet dans le champ de recherche.
3 Cliquez sur le bouton Search.
Délimiteur de recherche Exemple Renvoie
Termes de recherche multiples ouragan vent eau Ressources comportant les
termes ouragan, vent et eau
Termes de recherche entre
guillemets
« Ouragan Alma » Ressources contenant l’expression
de recherche complète Ouragan
Alma
Terme de recherche négatif (-) « Ouragan -Alma » Ressources contenant le terme
Ouragan (et sans le terme Alma)
Cliquez ensuite
sur Search.
Choisissez un type de recherche dans le menu local.
Saisissez un terme
de recherche.68 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
Chaque ressource contenant dans ses métadonnées le terme que vous avez saisi
est renvoyée.
Les résultats de la recherche
sont affichés ici.
Utilisez les boutons View,
les menus locaux Sort et les
boutons de navigation de page
pour mieux trier les résultats
de la recherche.Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 69
Recherche avancée
Lorsque vous cliquez pour ouvrir le triangle d’affichage de la recherche, les champs
de recherche avancée s’affichent. Ces champs vous permettent de rechercher dans
des champs de métadonnées spécifiques le ou les termes que vous saisissez.
Les sous-fenêtres Assets et Productions comportent des champs de recherche avancée
différents.
Le menu local situé en regard de chaque champ de métadonnées fournit un filtre de recherche approprié. Un filtre de recherche trie les résultats de la recherche selon le critère du filtre.
Champs de recherche avancée
de la sous-fenêtre Assets.
Champs de recherche avancée
de la sous-fenêtre Productions.70 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
Pour effectuer une recherche avancée :
1 Dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou Productions, cliquez sur le triangle d’affichage pour afficher
les termes de recherche avancée.
2 Saisissez un ou plusieurs termes ou valeurs de recherche dans le ou les champs
de métadonnées dans lesquels vous souhaitez rechercher.
3 Cliquez sur le bouton Search.
Les résultats de votre recherche sont affichés dans la partie principale de la fenêtre.
Ouvrez le triangle d’affichage
pour afficher les réglages de
recherche avancée.Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 71
Critères de filtre de texte
Les critères de filtre de texte sont utilisés pour rechercher dans les champs de métadonnées
Title, Filename, Location, Stored On, etc. Vous pouvez utiliser les filtres suivants pour rechercher dans ces champs de métadonnées :
Critère de filtre de date
Les critères de filtre de date sont utilisés pour rechercher dans les champs de métadonnées
Creation Date, File Creation Date, Deadline et d’autres champs de métadonnées relatifs aux
dates. Notez que le filtrage de date est relatif à l’heure à laquelle vous l’avez utilisé ; si vous
créez une Smart Search en utilisant un filtre de date, la date de création de la Smart Search
est retenue.
Vous pouvez utiliser les filtres suivants pour rechercher dans ces champs de métadonnées :
Filtre Définition
All Renvoie tous les termes.
Equals Renvoie uniquement le texte saisi.
Not Equals Renvoie les ressources qui ne contiennent pas le texte saisi.
Contains Renvoie toutes les ressources qui contiennent le texte saisi.
Begins with Renvoie les ressources qui commencent par le texte saisi.
Ends with Renvoie les ressources qui se terminent par le texte saisi.
Matches Word Renvoie le mot entier.
Any Of Renvoie au moins l’un des mots saisis dans le champ.
Filtre Définition
All Renvoie tous les nombres.
Last 2 hours Renvoie toutes les ressources téléchargées ou modifiées dans
les deux heures suivant la dernière recherche.
Last 24 hours Renvoie toutes les ressources téléchargées ou modifiées dans
les 24 heures suivant la dernière recherche.
Last 7 days Renvoie toutes les ressources téléchargées ou modifiées dans
les sept jours suivant la dernière recherche.
Last 31 days Renvoie toutes les ressources téléchargées ou modifiées dans
les 31 jours suivant la dernière recherche.
Before Renvoie toutes les ressources modifiées avant la date saisie.
After Renvoie toutes les ressources modifiées après la date saisie.72 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
Création d’une Smart Search
Si vous souhaitez enregistrer une recherche simple ou avancée que vous avez configurée,
vous pouvez créer une Smart Search. Les Smart Searches sont utiles car vous pouvez les
réutiliser.
Remarque : une Smart Search est enregistrée uniquement pour l’utilisateur qui l’a créée.
Elle n’est pas enregistrée pour les clients d’autres utilisateurs ou de l’administrateur
Final Cut Server.
Pour créer une Smart Search :
1 Après avoir configuré une recherche, cliquez sur le bouton « Save as Smart Search »
dans l’angle inférieur droit de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server.
La Smart Search apparaît dans la liste des Smart Searches dans la colonne située
à gauche de la fenêtre. Elle s’intitule « Untitled » et elle est sélectionnée.
2 Saisissez le nom de la Smart Search, puis appuyez sur Retour.
Une fois que vous avez
cliqué sur « Save as Smart
Search », une nouvelle
Smart Search apparaît.
La nouvelle Smart Search
est ajoutée à la liste des
Smart Searches par ordre
alphabétique.Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 73
Le nom de la recherche est enregistré dans Final Cut Server.
Pour rechercher dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou Productions à l’aide d’une Smart Search :
m Cliquez sur une Smart Search dans la liste de la colonne située à gauche de la fenêtre
principale de Final Cut Server.
Les résultats de la recherche apparaissent dans la partie principale de la fenêtre.
Une fois que vous avez créé une Smart Search, vous ne pouvez plus la modifier.
Vous pouvez cependant supprimer une Smart Search à tout instant.
Pour supprimer une Smart Search :
m Cliquez sur la Smart Search tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez
Delete dans le menu contextuel.
La Smart Search est supprimée.
Smart Searches
de ressources
Smart Searches
de productions74 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
Affichage des résultats d’une recherche
Dans les sous-fenêtres Assets et Productions, vous pouvez afficher les résultats de votre
recherche sous forme de vignettes ou de listes et modifier l’ordre d’affichage des éléments
au moyen des boutons et des contrôles de la barre d’outils.
Pour modifier l’affichage de votre sous-fenêtre Assets ou Productions (filtré ou non) :
m Cliquez sur le bouton Thumbnail View ou le bouton List View.
Pour modifier l’ordre d’affichage des éléments dans la sous-fenêtre Assets
ou Productions :
m Choisissez une option de tri dans le menu local Sort selon.
Pour parcourir les pages des résultats de la recherche :
m Utilisez les boutons de navigation de page pour passer à la page précédente ou suivante
ou pour choisir d’afficher une autre page.
Remarque : par défaut, 25 éléments sont affichés par page. Vous pouvez modifier
ce nombre dans la fenêtre Preferences.
Choisissez l’affichage Thumbnail View ou List View.
Choisissez une option de
tri dans ce menu local.
Choisissez un ordre de tri
(ascendant ou descendant).
Parcourez les pages des
résultats de la recherche.
Choisissez une page spécifique de résultats de recherche.Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 75
Suivi de l’état d’une ressource ou d’une production à l’aide
de métadonnées
Final Cut Server comporte plusieurs Smart Searches et ensembles de métadonnées par
défaut, que vous pouvez utiliser pour déterminer l’état d’une ressource. L’ensemble de
métadonnées Status, par exemple, a été conçu pour vous aider à suivre l’état des ressources et des productions dans Final Cut Server. Les ressources et les productions disposent
d’un ensemble de champs de métadonnées Status légèrement différent.
Pour en savoir plus sur le suivi de l’état des ressources et des productions, consultez
« Utilisation de métadonnées Status pour le suivi des ressources et productions » à la
page 147.
Important : votre administrateur Final Cut Server peut avoir modifié les métadonnées
Status ou d’autres métadonnées disponibles pour les ressources ou les productions,
afin de répondre aux besoins du flux de travaux de votre organisation. Si vous avez
des questions sur les métadonnées disponibles pour une ressource, contactez votre
administrateur Final Cut Server.
À mesure de la progression de votre travail, vous pouvez rechercher des ressources
se trouvant dans une phase particulière de votre flux de travaux, en recherchant leurs
métadonnées d’état ou d’autres métadonnées. Final Cut Server comporte plusieurs
Smart Searches préconfigurées qui vous permettent de rechercher facilement les ressources modifiées récemment ou celles marquées Ready for Review dans le champ
de métadonnées Status.
Cliquez sur cette Smart
Search pour afficher toutes les ressources dont
l’état est défini sur Ready
for Review.76 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
Vous pouvez configurer votre propre recherche au moyen des options de recherche
avancées. Par exemple, vous pouvez rechercher toutes les ressources dont le champ
de métadonnées Status est défini sur In progress. Après avoir défini une recherche,
vous pouvez l’enregistrer sous forme de Smart Search.
La zone des ressources
est mise en surbrillance
pour indiquer que la configuration de recherche
ne correspond pas
à une Smart Search.
Définissez le champ Status
sur In progress pour rechercher ces ressources.
Cliquez sur ce bouton pour
enregistrer le réglage actuel
de la recherche sous forme
de Smart Search.Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 77
Ajout et modification des métadonnées de ressources
À mesure de la progression d’une ressource dans le flux de travaux de votre organisation,
vous souhaitez peut-être ajouter ou modifier les métadonnées associées à cette ressource.
Par exemple, lorsqu’une ressource a été modifiée et qu’elle est prête à être révisée par
un client, vous pouvez définir son champ de métadonnées Status sur Ready for Review.
Pour ajouter des métadonnées associées à une ressource ou pour les modifier :
1 Double-cliquez sur la ressource dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou dans une production.
2 Dans la fenêtre d’information de la ressource, cliquez sur Metadata.
3 Choisissez un groupe de métadonnées à afficher.
4 Saisissez de nouveaux détails dans l’un des champs de métadonnées ou faites vos choix
dans le menu local.
5 Lorsque vous avez terminé de modifier les métadonnées, cliquez sur Save Changes.
Les modifications que vous avez apportées sont enregistrées.
Veillez à cliquer sur le bouton Search après avoir mis à jour les métadonnées de ressources
afin de réactualiser la sous-fenêtre Assets.
Cliquez sur Metadata pour afficher les métadonnées de la ressource ou de la production.
Cliquez sur un groupe de
métadonnées à afficher.
Lorsque vous avez
apporté les modifications nécessaires, cliquez
sur Enregistrer
les modifications.78 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
Recherche de périphériques et de tâches
Deux fonctions de recherche avancée, Search Devices et Search All Jobs, sont disponibles
dans le client Final Cut Server. Selon vos autorisations, ces recherches peuvent être disponibles ou non pour vous. Si vous avez des questions sur l’opportunité d’utiliser ces recherches, contactez votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Recherche de périphériques
Si votre administrateur Final Cut Server vous y a autorisé, vous pouvez rechercher un
fichier sur tout périphérique connecté à Final Cut Server. Cela vous permet d’examiner
le contenu d’un périphérique, y compris les éléments qui n’ont pas été ajoutés au catalogue Final Cut Server.
Les périphériques auxquels vous avez accès, en tant qu’utilisateur client, sont déterminés
par votre administrateur Final Cut Server. Envisagez de consulter votre administrateur
Final Cut Server avant de rechercher ou d’utiliser un fichier présent sur un périphérique.
Pour rechercher dans un périphérique :
1 Choisissez Search Devices dans le menu local Server.
Avertissement : utilisez la fenêtre Search Devices avec précaution. Lorsque vous
recherchez dans un périphérique, vous recherchez des fichiers et non des ressources
Final Cut Server. Les périphériques peuvent contenir des fichiers ajoutés ou non au
catalogue Final Cut Server. À partir de la fenêtre Search Devices, vous pouvez ajouter
un fichier de données à votre catalogue Final Cut Server et copier, supprimer et
télécharger le fichier vers votre système local ; ces actions peuvent produire de multiples copies d’une ressource dans votre système serveur Final Cut Server ou supprimer
toutes les copies d’un fichier sur un périphérique.
Cliquez sur le
bouton Server.
Choisissez Search Devices dans le menu local.Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 79
2 Dans la fenêtre Search Devices qui s’affiche, choisissez le périphérique où effectuer
la recherche dans le menu local Device.
3 Cliquez sur le bouton Search pour rechercher à partir de la racine du périphérique. Vous
pouvez également cliquer sur le bouton Choose pour ouvrir une zone de dialogue vous
permettant de préciser un dossier dans lequel effectuer la recherche.
4 Si vous souhaitez restreindre la recherche, saisissez un terme dans le champ de recherche ou cliquez sur le triangle d’affichage de la recherche pour afficher des options
de recherche avancée.
Important : veillez à entrer des mots entiers dans le champ de recherche. Contrairement
au champ de recherche de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server, le champ de recherche
de Search Devices ne renvoie pas de mots entiers si vous recherchez une partie de mot.
Par exemple si vous souhaitez rechercher toutes les ressources contenant le mot image,
vous devez rechercher le mot entier. Si vous recherchez uniquement ima, seules les ressources comportant les caractères ima sont trouvées et le mot image n’est pas trouvé.
5 Cliquez sur le bouton Search.
Une fois que vous avez sélectionné un ou plusieurs éléments, vous pouvez choisir d’effectuer les actions suivantes en cliquant, tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
sur le nom du fichier dans la liste des résultats de la recherche, puis en choisissant l’une
de ces options dans le menu contextuel :
 Catalog asset : ajoute le fichier au catalogue Final Cut Server.
 Get Info : affiche une fenêtre d’information qui résume les informations
et les métadonnées du fichier.
 View : affiche le fichier dans l’application appropriée (souvent l’emplacement où le fichier
a été créé).
 Export : exporte le fichier.
 Duplicate : duplique le fichier.
 Delete : supprime le fichier du périphérique.80 Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server
Searching Devices
Final Cut Server utilise des tâches pour effectuer des actions telles que le téléchargement
et le transcodage de fichiers. À l’aide de la fenêtre Search All Jobs, vous pouvez rechercher
une tâche donnée s’exécutant ou ayant été exécutée sous Final Cut Server.
À propos des tâches
Final Cut Server utilise des tâches pour certaines opérations. Le nombre de tâches
qui s’exécutent dépend du type d’action effectué. Voici quelques exemples de tâches :
 La copie d’un fichier d’un emplacement à un autre exécute une tâche.
 La création d’une nouvelle ressource exécute des tâches pour effectuer la copie
initiale, puis pour créer la ressource.
 L’analyse d’une ressource utilise plusieurs tâches pour créer les fichiers de proxy
de la ressource.
Chaque tâche crée plusieurs entrées d’historique pour chaque étape de l’opération.
Si vous souhaitez contrôler les tâches Final Cut Server en cours d’exécution, vous pouvez
ouvrir la fenêtre Jobs. Vous pouvez y rechercher une tâche spécifique, puis afficher ses détails.
Pour rechercher une ou plusieurs tâches spécifiques :
1 Choisissez Search All Jobs dans le menu local Server (le menu local de la fenêtre
principale de Final Cut Server qui apparaît lorsque vous cliquez sur le bouton Server).
Choisissez Search All
Jobs dans le menu local.
Cliquez sur le bouton
Server.Chapitre 3 Organisation et recherche dans le catalogue Final Cut Server 81
La fenêtre Search All Jobs apparaît.
2 Saisissez vos critères de recherche de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Saisissez un mot ou une valeur dans le champ de recherche.
 Cliquez sur le triangle d’affichage de la recherche pour afficher les options de recherche
avancée. Choisissez un délimiteur dans le menu local, puis saisissez une valeur dans
un ou plusieurs champs de recherche.
3 Lorsque vous avez saisi vos critères de recherche de tâches, cliquez sur le bouton Search.
Les tâches qui correspondent à vos critères de recherche apparaissent dans la partie principale de la fenêtre. N’oubliez pas que les résultats de vos recherches peuvent couvrir plusieurs pages ; vous pouvez naviguer dans les résultats au moyen des commandes de page
situés à droite de la fenêtre. 4
83
4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Actions du client Final Cut Server (p. 84)
 À propos de la fenêtre Asset Info (p. 85)
 Affichage d’une ressource (p. 89)
 Ajout de versions pour une ressource média ou de projet (p. 91)
 Verrouillage et déverrouillage d’une ressource (p. 94)
 Écriture d’annotations sur une ressource vidéo (p. 99)
 Duplication d’une ressource (p. 103)
 Utilisation de la fonction Edit-in-place (p. 104)
 Monitoring des tâches (p. 104)
 Définition des préférences du client Final Cut Server (p. 107)
Ce chapitre explique comment utiliser tous les types de ressources dans le client
Final Cut Server. Il explique comment interpréter les informations contenues dans
la fenêtre d’information d’une ressource média ou d’un projet. Il inclut également
des descriptions de toutes les actions disponibles dans Final Cut Server.84 Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
Actions du client Final Cut Server
Cette rubrique offre une vue d’ensemble des actions que vous pouvez effectuer à partir de la barre d’outils, des menus contextuels et d’autres emplacements dans le client
Final Cut Server.
Ce tableau décrit les différentes actions que vous pouvez effectuer dans Final Cut Server :
Action Description
Get Info Fournit des informations et des métadonnées pour la ressource
sélectionnée.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez « À propos de la fenêtre Asset Info »
à la page 85.
View Affiche la ressource dans un visualiseur multimédia approprié ;
l’application d’affichage pourrait être QuickTime Player, Preview
ou une autre application média.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’affichage d’une ressource, consultez
« Affichage d’une ressource » à la page 89.
Add to Cache Ajoute une copie de la ressource sur le cache de l’ordinateur local.
C’est la première étape de plusieurs opérations dans Final Cut Server.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez « À propos de la mise en cache » à la
page 109.
Check In/Check Out/Cancel
Check Out
Extraire la ressource vous permet de modifier la représentation principale suivie par la ressource et empêche cette dernière d’être modifiée par tous les autres utilisateurs.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’extraction d’une ressource média, consultez
« Extraction, modification et réintégration d’une ressource média »
à la page 111.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’extraction d’un projet Final Cut Pro,
consultez « Extraction d’un projet Final Cut Pro » à la page 124.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’extraction d’une ressource de projet
Final Cut Studio ou sur l’extraction d’une ressource regroupée,
consultez le chapitre 7, « Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio », à
la page 135.
Prepare for Disconnected Use Crée des copies d’alias des ressources média. Vous pouvez utiliser
cette action pour créer des copies de ressources vidéo, puis utiliser
ces ressources pour créer un nouveau projet Final Cut Pro tandis
que vous êtes déconnecté du réseau Final Cut Server.
Pour toute information complémentaire sur l’utilisation d’un projet
Final Cut Pro existant lorsque vous n’êtes pas connecté au réseau
Final Cut Server, consultez « Utilisation de projets Final Cut Pro endehors du réseau Final Cut Server » à la page 130. Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server 85
À propos de la fenêtre Asset Info
Lorsque vous double-cliquez sur une ressource dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou
depuis le contenu une production, la fenêtre d’information de la ressource apparaît.
Final Cut Server utilise les informations contenues dans la fenêtre d’information pour
suivre et gérer la ressource.
Lock/Unlock Empêche les autres utilisateurs de modifier le fichier contenu dans
la ressource.
Pour en savoir plus sur le verrouillage, consultez « Verrouillage et
déverrouillage d’une ressource » à la page 94.
Archive to/Restore L’archivage d’une ressource crée une copie de la ressource pouvant
être restaurée.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’archivage, consultez « Archivage et restauration de ressources média » à la page 162.
New Production from Selection Crée une nouvelle production pour la ou les ressources sélectionnées.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez « Organisation des ressources à l’aide
de productions » à la page 59.
Duplicate Crée une copie d’une ressource.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez « Duplication d’une ressource » à la
page 103.
Export Crée une copie de la ressource sur le système de fichiers local
ou sur un volume externe.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez « Sortie d’un projet final » à la
page 159.
Delete Supprime la ressource, son fichier de représentation principale
et tous ses fichiers proxy du catalogue Final Cut Server.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez « Suppression de ressources
Final Cut Server » à la page 164.
Action Description
Les icônes affichées dans
la sous-fenêtre Assets
apparaissent également
dans la fenêtre d’information de la ressource
individuelle.
Cliquer sur n’importe
lequel de ces boutons affiche des informations spé-
cifiques sur la ressource.86 Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
À propos des fenêtres Media Asset
Les fenêtres d’information de la ressource média contiennent des sous-fenêtres destinées
aux informations relatives aux métadonnées, aux ressources, aux versions, aux verrous,
ainsi qu’à la fonction Review and Approve.
 Sous-fenêtre Metadata : cette sous-fenêtre affiche les métadonnées pour la ressource et
son fichier de représentation principale. Vous pouvez mettre à jour n’importe quel champ
de cette sous-fenêtre en saisissant du texte ou une valeur, puis en cliquant sur le bouton
Save Changes.
 Sous-fenêtre Resources : cette sous-fenêtre affiche les informations sur les fichiers
de représentation principale et les fichiers proxy créés pour la ressource. Elle affiche
également d’autres emplacements où la ressource est utilisée et d’autres ressources
auxquelles celle-ci est reliée. Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server 87
 Sous-fenêtre Versions : cette sous-fenêtre affiche différentes versions créées pour
la ressource. Pour en savoir plus sur la création de versions, consultez « Ajout de versions pour une ressource média ou de projet » à la page 91.
 Sous-fenêtre Locks : cette sous-fenêtre affiche les informations sur tout verrou sur la ressource. Pour en savoir plus sur les verrous, consultez « Verrouillage et déverrouillage
d’une ressource » à la page 94.88 Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
 Sous-fenêtre Review and Approve : si votre administrateur Final Cut Server a configuré
la fonction Review and Approve, la sous-fenêtre Review & Approve est utilisée pour
l’envoi de courriers de notification de révision. Votre administrateur Final Cut Server
doit configurer cette fonction pour qu’elle fonctionne correctement. Pour en savoir
plus sur la fonction Review and Approve, consultez « À propos de la fonction Review
and Approve » à la page 152.
La fenêtre d’information d’une ressource média contient également un bouton Refresh,
que vous pouvez utiliser pour mettre à jour la fenêtre d’information de la ressource, ainsi
qu’un menu local Action, qui contient les actions les plus courantes. La fenêtre d’information d’une ressource vidéo contient également un bouton Annotations, qui ouvre la fenê-
tre Annotations.
Les ressources vidéo
disposent d’un bouton
Annotations.
Menu local Action
Bouton RefreshChapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server 89
À propos des fenêtres d’information du projet Final Cut Pro
Une fenêtre d’information pour les projets Final Cut Pro diffère légèrement des fenêtres
pour les autres types de ressources. Son menu local Action ne dispose pas de tous les
éléments du menu local Action pour les autres types de ressources car certaines actions
ne peuvent pas être effectuées sur une ressource Final Cut Pro. Elle contient également
une sous-fenêtre supplémentaire, la sous-fenêtre Elements.
Les éléments du projet Final Cut Pro sont des représentations des plans utilisés dans
le projet Final Cut Pro. Final Cut Server crée les éléments à partir des ressources média
créées lorsque le projet Final Cut Pro est téléchargé du Final Cut Server. Pour en savoir
plus sur les éléments, consultez « Téléchargement de projets Final Cut Pro » à la page 39.
Affichage d’une ressource
Vous pouvez afficher plusieurs ressources vidéo, audio et image. Pour les ressources vidéo
et image, vous pouvez choisir d’afficher les données d’origine du fichier ou l’un des nombreux fichiers proxy. Une fois que vous avez choisi un type de fichiers à afficher, il s’ouvre
dans QuickTime Player ou dans une autre application appropriée (il peut s’agir de l’application dans laquelle le fichier a été créé).
Remarque : n’oubliez pas que Final Cut Server ne peut pas prévisualiser les ressources
regroupées, Final Cut Pro ou d’autres fichiers du projet.
La sous-fenêtre Elements
affiche les éléments
qui font partie du projet
Final Cut Pro.
Fenêtre d’information
de la ressource du
projet Final Cut Pro.90 Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
Pour afficher une ressource, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Cliquez sur l’icône média dans la vignette de la ressource.
m Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez
View et un format d’affichage dans le menu contextuel.
La ressource sélectionnée apparaît dans une application d’affichage appropriée.
Le plan vidéo illustré dans cet exemple apparaît dans QuickTime Player.
Lorsque vous affichez une image, l’image en taille réelle apparaît.
Toutes les informations et les métadonnées d’un fichier de données et de sa ressource
sont affichées dans la fenêtre d’information de la ressource.
Cliquez sur l’icône d’une
ressource pour l’afficher.Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server 91
Ajout de versions pour une ressource média ou de projet
Final Cut Server peut suivre une ressource lorsque vous la modifiez, fournissant une version pour chaque modification apportée à la représentation principale de chaque fichier.
Si votre administrateur Final Cut Server a activé le contrôle de versions de ressource au
cours du processus d’installation, il est possible que votre système soit déjà en train de
créer des versions pour les ressources à mesure que vous les extrayez, puis les réintégrez.
Vous pouvez voir si le contrôle de versions est activé pour une ressource en affichant
la sous-fenêtre Versions dans la fenêtre d’information de la ressource. Lorsque la fonction
de contrôle de versions est activée, vous pouvez afficher les versions d’une ressource dans
la fenêtre d’information d’une ressource.
Lorsque vous réintégrez une version mise à jour de la ressource, la version précédente
apparaît dans la liste des versions. Final Cut Server numérote les versions dans leur ordre
de création ; par conséquent, la version présentant le numéro le plus élevé est la version
la plus récente de la ressource.
Remarque : la version actuelle de la ressource n’apparaît pas dans la liste. Seule la version
antérieure apparaît.
Important : lorsque la fonction de contrôle de versions est activée pour une ressource,
Final Cut Server crée une copie de chaque version qui est réintégrée. Avant d’activer
Final Cut Server pour le suivi des versions d’une ressource, vérifiez que vous disposez
de l’espace disque suffisant. Si vous avez des questions sur l’activation de la fonction
de contrôle de versions pour une ressource particulière, contactez votre administrateur
Final Cut Server.
La case de la version est
cochée, ce qui indique
que le contrôle
de versions est activé
pour cette ressource.
Trois versions existent
pour cette ressource.92 Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
Pour vérifier que le contrôle de versions est activé pour une ressource :
1 Double-cliquez sur la ressource.
2 Cliquez sur le bouton Versions.
3 Si la case « Store and track versions of this asset » n’est pas cochée, faites-le.
Pour extraire et modifier la ressource :
1 Sélectionnez la ressource, puis procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Cliquez sur le bouton Check Out de la barre d’outils.
 Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis
sélectionnez Check Out dans le menu contextuel.
2 Dans la fenêtre Check Out qui apparaît, saisissez un emplacement d’extraction, puis cliquez
sur Check Out.
3 Modifiez la ressource.
4 Une fois la modification terminée, enregistrez la ressource.
Pour réintégrer la ressource modifiée en tant que nouvelle version :
1 Sélectionnez la ressource, puis procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Cliquez sur le bouton Check In de la barre d’outils.
 Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis
sélectionnez Check In dans le menu contextuel.
2 Si vous le souhaitez, vous pouvez ajouter un commentaire dans le champ Version Comment
de la fenêtre Check In qui apparaît.
Cochez la case Versions
pour pouvoir créer
des versions pour cette
ressource.
Cliquez sur Versions pour activer
les versions pour cette ressource. Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server 93
3 Cliquez sur le bouton Check In.
Lorsque vous réintégrez une version mise à jour de la ressource, la version précédente
apparaît dans la liste des versions.
Important : vous ne verrez pas le commentaire que vous venez d’ajouter à la version
réintégrée étant donné qu’il s’agit de la version actuelle et que la sous-fenêtre Versions
affiche uniquement les versions antérieures.
Lorsque vous cliquez sur une version tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée
dans la sous-fenêtre Versions, le menu contextuel qui apparaît inclut :
 Get Info : sélectionnez cette option pour afficher les informations relatives à la version.
 View : sélectionnez cette option pour afficher la version dans un visualiseur approprié.
 New Asset from Version : cliquez sur cette option pour créer une nouvelle ressource
à partir de la version ou pour copier la version sélectionnée d’une ressource sur un autre
périphérique.
 Revert to this Version : cliquez sur cette option pour supprimer les ressources créées après
la version sélectionnée. Lorsque vous revenez à une version précédente, la version actuelle
est remplacée par la version sélectionnée.
Votre administrateur Final Cut Server a configuré la fonction de contrôle de versions
pour répondre aux besoins de votre organisation. Pour obtenir plus d’informations sur
d’autres manières de configurer le contrôle de versions, contactez votre administrateur
Final Cut Server.
Cliquez sur une version
tout en maintenant
la touche Contrôle enfoncée pour ouvrir un menu
contextuel.94 Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
Verrouillage et déverrouillage d’une ressource
Dans Final Cut Server, les verrous servent à protéger le fichier de représentation principale,
les fichiers proxy et les métadonnées dans la ressource.
Il existe plusieurs types de verrous. Le verrou User est le plus évident car c’est le seul
verrou que vous appliquez manuellement. Le verrou User est appliqué à une ressource
depuis la barre d’outils ou depuis le menu contextuel de la ressource. Vous pouvez
savoir qu’une ressource est verrouillée lorsque vous voyez l’icône locked by me ou
locked by other sur la vignette d’une ressource.
Les verrous d’extraction et de référence ne sont pas appliqués manuellement.
Ils sont appliqués lorsque vous extrayez une ressource du projet Final Cut Pro.
Les rubriques suivantes décrivent les types de verrous que vous rencontrez dans
Final Cut Server.
L’icône de verrou jaune
indique que vous avez
verrouillé la ressource.
Sélectionnez une
ressource, puis cliquez
sur le bouton Lock pour
verrouiller ou déverrouiller une ressource.
Une icône de verrou blanc indique qu’une autre personne
a verrouillé une ressource.Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server 95
Verrou User
Vous-même ou un autre utilisateur pouvez mettre un verrou User sur une ressource en
cliquant sur le bouton Lock de la barre d’outils ou en choisissant Lock dans le menu
contextuel de la ressource. Lorsqu’un verrou User est appliqué à une ressource,
une icône de verrou (« locked by me » ou « locked by other ») apparaît sur la vignette de
la ressource. En outre, le verrou qui était appliqué est noté en tant que verrou User dans
la sous-fenêtre Locks de la fenêtre d’information de la ressource.
Lorsque vous verrouillez la ressource, la représentation principale du fichier ne peut
pas être modifiée, extraite, supprimée ou archivée par un autre utilisateur.
Important : un verrou User ne vous empêche pas, vous ou un autre utilisateur, de modifier
les métadonnées et les fichiers proxy de la ressource.
Remarque : lorsque vous verrouillez une ressource, vous êtes la seule personne à pouvoir
l’extraire correctement. Si une ressource est à la fois verrouillée manuellement et extraite,
elle est verrouillée avec un verrou d’extraction et un verrou User. Si une autre personne que
celle qui a verrouillé la ressource tente de l’extraire, l’extraction échoue.
Verrou Checkout
Un verrou d’extraction est appliqué lorsqu’une ressource est extraite par vous ou par
un autre utilisateur.
Lorsqu’une ressource est extraite, aucune partie de la ressource, notamment la représentation principale du fichier, les fichiers proxy ou les métadonnées, ne peut être modifiée ;
de plus, la ressource ne peut pas être modifiée, extraite, supprimée ou archivée.
La sous-fenêtre Locks affiche
les détails du verrou.
Le type de verrou montre qu’il s’agit d’un verrou d’extraction.96 Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
Pour en savoir plus sur l’extraction d’une ressource média, consultez « Extraction, modification et réintégration d’une ressource média » à la page 111. Pour en savoir plus sur l’extraction d’un projet Final Cut Pro, consultez « Extraction d’un projet Final Cut Pro » à la
page 124. Consultez également Verrou de référence, ci-après. Pour en savoir plus sur
l’extraction d’une ressource du projet Final Cut Studio, consultez le chapitre 7, « Utilisation
de projets Final Cut Studio », à la page 135.
Verrou de référence
Lorsqu’une ressource du projet Final Cut Pro est extraite, la ressource du projet est verrouillée à l’aide d’un verrou Checkout. Outre le verrou Checkout, chacune des ressources
média reliées au projet est verrouillée à l’aide d’un verrou de référence. Les verrous de réfé-
rence ne sont pas indiqués sur la vignette de la ressource média ; vous pouvez uniquement
trouver une preuve de verrou de référence dans la sous-fenêtre Locks de la fenêtre d’information de la ressource.
Important : un verrou de référence n’empêche pas la modification des métadonnées
du projet Final Cut Pro ou d’une ressource média par vous-même ou par un autre
utilisateur ; il n’empêche pas non plus l’utilisation d’une ressource média dans un autre
projet Final Cut Pro.
Verrouillage et déverrouillage de ressources à l’aide d’un verrou User
Cette rubrique explique comment verrouiller et déverrouiller une ressource à l’aide
du verrou User.
Seule la personne qui a verrouillé la ressource et votre administrateur Final Cut Server
peuvent déverrouiller une ressource verrouillée. Si vous devez accéder à une ressource verrouillée, parlez-en à la personne qui l’a verrouillée ou à votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Le type de verrou montre qu’il
s’agit d’un verrou de référence.
Notez que rien n’indique
que cette ressource est
verrouillée.Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server 97
Pour appliquer un verrou User à une ressource, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
m Sélectionnez la ressource dans la sous-fenêtre Assets, puis cliquez sur le bouton Lock
de la barre d’outils.
m Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez
Lock dans le menu contextuel.
Une fois la ressource verrouillée, une icône de verrou apparaît sur la ressource, indiquant
qu’elle est verrouillée. Dans d’autres clients Final Cut Server, l’icône de verrou est différente,
indiquant qu’un autre utilisateur a verrouillé la ressource.
Si vous préférez, vous pouvez cliquer
sur la ressource tout en maintenant la
touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisir
Lock dans le menu contextuel.
Sélectionnez la ressource, puis cliquez
sur le bouton Lock.
Le verrou jaune indique
que vous avez verrouillé
la ressource.
Le verrou blanc indique
qu’un autre utilisateur a
verrouillé la ressource.98 Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
Pour déverrouiller une ressource que vous avez verrouillée, procédez de l’une
des manières suivantes :
m Sélectionnez la ressource dans la sous-fenêtre Assets, puis cliquez sur le bouton Unlock
de la barre d’outils.
m Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez
Unlock dans le menu contextuel.
L’icône disparaît et la ressource est déverrouillée.
Si une ressource est verrouillée par un autre utilisateur, vous pouvez ouvrir la fenêtre
d’information de cette ressource et afficher la sous-fenêtre Locks pour savoir quel
utilisateur l’a verrouillée.
Sélectionnez la ressource, puis
cliquez sur le bouton Unlock.
Si vous préférez, vous pouvez
cliquer sur la ressource tout en
maintenant la touche Contrôle
enfoncée, puis choisir Unlock
dans le menu contextuel.
Le champ Locked By
affiche qui a verrouillé
la ressource.
Cette icône indique que cette
ressource est verrouillée par
une autre personne.Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server 99
Écriture d’annotations sur une ressource vidéo
Vous pouvez ajouter des annotations à une ressource vidéo. Dans la fenêtre Annotations,
vous pouvez afficher un plan vidéo, puis ajouter du texte à différents endroits du plan
vidéo. Les annotations restant avec la ressource du plan dans Final Cut Server, elles sont
utiles pour prendre des notes pour vous-même ou pour d’autres personnes de votre
groupe de travail. Vous pouvez facilement afficher ces annotations dans Final Cut Server.
Elles restent avec la ressource jusqu’à ce que vous les effaciez manuellement.
Pour annoter une ressource vidéo :
1 Localisez la ressource vidéo que vous souhaitez annoter dans la sous-fenêtre Assets,
dans une production ou dans la sous-fenêtre Elements de la ressource du projet
Final Cut Pro.
2 Double-cliquez sur la ressource du plan pour afficher la fenêtre d’information de la ressource.
3 Cliquez sur le bouton Annotate dans la fenêtre d’information de la ressource.
Fenêtre du visualiseur.
Ajoutez des
annotations ici.
Annotations saisies.
Cliquez sur le bouton
Annotate de la fenêtre
d’information d’une
ressource vidéo.100 Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
La fenêtre Annotations apparaît.
Vous devez marquer un point d’entrée ou un point de sortie pour chaque annotation.
4 Positionnez la tête de lecture au niveau du point d’entrée, en la faisant glisser ou en utilisant
les commandes de navigation. Cliquez ensuite sur le bouton Mark In ou appuyez sur I sur
votre clavier.
Vous pouvez définir un point de sortie en suivant la même procédure.
Important : les commandes du clavier ne sont pas disponibles lorsque le champ
Annotation est actif. Cela vous permet de saisir des annotations dans le champ.
Cliquez sur ce bouton
pour ouvrir la fenêtre
d’information
de la ressource.
Faites glisser ce curseur
pour localiser des
images de vidéos.
Cliquez sur les boutons
Mark In et Mark Out (ou
appuyez sur la touche I
ou O de votre clavier)
pour marquer des points
d’entrée et de sortie.
Utilisez ces commandes
pour lire et parcourir
la vidéo.Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server 101
5 Saisissez un commentaire dans le champ Annotation, sous la fenêtre du visualiseur.
6 Pour ajouter l’annotation à la liste des annotations à droite, cliquez sur le bouton
Add Annotation.
L’annotation est ajoutée à la liste.
Pour remplacer le texte d’une annotation existante :
1 Cliquez sur le bouton In Point ou le bouton Out Point dans la liste des annotations.
2 Dans le champ de texte Annotation, saisissez le nouveau texte pour l’annotation.
3 Cliquez sur Add Annotation.
4 Une zone de dialogue apparaît, vous demandant si vous souhaitez remplacer l’annotation.
Cliquez sur Yes.
L’annotation est remplacée.
Cliquez sur le bouton
Add Annotation pour
enregistrer l’annotation.
Annotation.
Points d’entrée et
de sortie associés
à l’annotation.
L’annotation que vous
venez d’ajouter apparaît
dans cette liste.
Bouton In Point. Bouton Out Point.102 Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
Pour supprimer une ou plusieurs annotations sélectionnées de la liste des annotations :
1 Sélectionnez une ou plusieurs annotations que vous souhaitez supprimer.
2 Cliquez sur l’annotation tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez
Delete Selected dans le menu contextuel.
La ou les annotations sélectionnées sont supprimées.
Pour supprimer toutes les annotations sur une ressource :
1 Sélectionnez toute annotation que vous souhaitez supprimer.
2 Cliquez sur l’annotation tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez
Delete All dans le menu contextuel.
3 Une zone de dialogue apparaît, vous demandant de confirmer que vous souhaitez
supprimer les annotations. Cliquez sur Yes.
Toutes les annotations sont supprimées.
Vous pouvez également
cliquer sur le bouton
Delete pour supprimer
une seule annotation.
Cliquez sur une annotation tout en
maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée pour ouvrir ce menu contextuel.Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server 103
Duplication d’une ressource
Choisir de dupliquer une ressource crée une copie de la ressource dans Final Cut Server.
Si vous souhaitez créer deux itérations distinctes d’une ressource média ou de projet,
vous pouvez facilement le faire en dupliquant la ressource.
Pour dupliquer une ressource :
1 Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez
Duplicate dans le menu contextuel.
La fenêtre Duplicate apparaît.
2 Sélectionnez un périphérique de destination dans le menu local Destination.
Si vous souhaitez placer le fichier dupliqué au sein de la structure de fichiers du périphérique, cliquez sur le bouton Choose et naviguez jusqu’à l’emplacement approprié de l’explorateur de fichiers.
Le chemin d’accès au fichier de destination apparaît dans le champ Destination.
3 Si vous souhaitez associer la nouvelle ressource à une production, cliquez sur le bouton
Choose à la droite de Production, sélectionnez une production, puis cliquez sur Open.
La production sélectionnée apparaît dans le champ Associate with Production.
4 Si vous souhaitez transcoder la ressource, modifier l’ensemble de métadonnées ou
ajouter des métadonnées à la ressource, cliquez sur le triangle d’affichage Advanced
Options et procédez aux modifications nécessaires.
5 Cliquez sur le bouton Duplicate pour dupliquer le fichier et créer une nouvelle ressource.104 Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
Utilisation de la fonction Edit-in-place
Votre administrateur Final Cut Server peut configurer la fonction Edit-in-place et créer
des copies des ressources pour la modification directe sur un serveur Xsan ou sur d’autres
emplacements de stockage partagés. Lorsque la fonction Edit-in-place est configurée, vous
n’avez plus besoin de télécharger, de mettre en cache ou d’extraire la ressource ; à la place,
vous pouvez faire glisser votre ressource directement depuis le catalogue de ressources
vers une application pour la modification.
Important : la fonction Edit-in-place doit être configurée par votre administrateur
Final Cut Server. Contactez votre administrateur pour savoir si la fonction Edit-in-place
est configurée avant d’essayer de l’utiliser.
Monitoring des tâches
Les fichiers sont constamment en cours de téléchargement par Final Cut Server. L’indicateur de progression des tâches, la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads et la fenêtre Search All
Jobs affichent des informations sur la progression des fichiers en cours de téléchargement
à partir de ou vers Final Cut Server.
Indicateur Jobs in Progress
L’indicateur Jobs in Progress apparaît dans le coin inférieur gauche de la fenêtre principale Final Cut Server lorsque les fichiers sont téléchargés. Il ressemble à un engrenage
en rotation et indique qu’un certain nombre de tâches sont en cours.
Indicateur Jobs
in Progress.
Cliquez sur ce bouton
pour afficher la fenêtre
Downloads & Uploads.Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server 105
Fenêtre Downloads & Uploads
Pour en savoir plus sur les fichiers en cours de téléchargement, vous pouvez ouvrir la fenê-
tre Downloads & Uploads, qui affiche les fichiers spécifiques en cours de téléchargement,
ainsi que les informations relatives à leur état propre.
Remarque : la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads n’affiche pas de détails sur les fichiers qui
sont transcodés pour la création de fichiers proxy. Vous pouvez voir les détails relatifs
au transcodage de ces fichiers dans la fenêtre Search All Jobs.
Pour ouvrir la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads :
m Cliquez sur le bouton Downloads et Uploads dans le coin inférieur gauche de la fenêtre
principale Final Cut Server.
Remarque : en cas d’échec d’un téléchargement, une icône d’erreur apparaît dans
la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads. Vous devez effacer les tâches répertoriées dans cette
fenêtre pour faire disparaître cette icône.
Pour effacer les tâches répertoriées dans la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads :
m Cliquez dans le coin inférieur gauche de la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads.
Fenêtre Search All Jobs
Vous pouvez obtenir des informations détaillées sur chacun des fichiers en cours
de téléchargement dans la fenêtre Search All Jobs. À la différence de la fenêtre
Downloads & Uploads, la fenêtre Search All Jobs contient un historique détaillé
des tâches exécutées par Final Cut Server. Les tâches sont affichées pour la copie d’un
fichier d’un emplacement vers un autre, le téléchargement de fichiers, la création de
fichiers proxy de la nouvelle ressource, etc. Chaque tâche crée également plusieurs
entrées d’historique pour chaque étape de l’opération.
Pour limiter les tâches affichées dans la fenêtre Jobs, vous pouvez effectuer une recherche
dans la fenêtre Jobs.
Ouvrez le triangle d’affichage pour afficher les
fichiers faisant partie
d’une tâche.106 Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
Pour rechercher une ou plusieurs tâches spécifiques :
1 Choisissez Search All Jobs dans le menu local Server.
La fenêtre Search All Jobs apparaît.
2 Saisissez vos critères de recherche en procédant de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Saisissez un mot ou une valeur dans le champ de recherche et limitez la recherche
aux fichiers contenant le terme de recherche dans leur titre à l’aide de l’option Contains
(more results) ou aux fichiers correspondant exactement au terme de recherche
à l’aide de l’option Matches Word (faster).
 Cliquez sur le triangle d’affichage de recherche pour afficher les options de recherche avancée. Choisissez un limiteur dans le menu local et saisissez une valeur dans
un ou plusieurs champs de recherche.
3 Lorsque vous avez saisi les critères de recherche des tâches, cliquez sur le bouton Search.
Les tâches correspondant à vos critères de recherche sont répertoriées dans la fenêtre
Search All Jobs. N’oubliez pas que vos résultats de recherche peuvent s’étendre sur plusieurs pages ; vous pouvez parcourir les résultats de recherche à l’aide des commandes
de page, tout à droite.
Choisissez Search All
Jobs dans le menu local.
Cliquez sur le bouton
Server.
Cliquez sur ce bouton
pour voir les options
de recherche avancée.
Saisissez un terme de recherche.Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server 107
Définition des préférences du client Final Cut Server
Votre administrateur Final Cut Server est responsable de la configuration de la plupart
des préférences qui vous affectent lors de l’utilisation de votre client Final Cut Server.
Toutefois, vous avez la possibilité de modifier quelques réglages dans votre copie
de client uniquement.
Pour configurer les réglages des préférences utilisateur, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
m Choisissez Final Cut Server > Preferences.
m Choisissez Preferences dans le menu local Server (le menu local de la fenêtre principale
Final Cut Server qui apparaît lorsque vous cliquez sur le bouton Server).
Pour apporter des modifications dans la fenêtre Preferences :
m Saisissez un nombre ou un chemin d’accès au fichier (en cliquant sur le bouton Choose,
puis en spécifiant un chemin d’accès au fichier) dans le champ que vous souhaitez modifier, puis cliquez sur le bouton Apply Changes.
À propos des préférences de recherche
Les préférences de recherche contrôlent le nombre de résultats trouvés par Final Cut Server
et le nombre d’éléments affichés par page. Cela peut être utile si vous avez un écran large
ou petit.
Les préférences de recherche incluent :
 Maximum # of Search Results : saisissez une valeur représentant le nombre maximal
d’éléments qui apparaissent après une recherche.
 Items Per Page : les résultats de recherche sont divisés en pages pour que l’affichage soit
plus efficace. Vous pouvez entrer une valeur qui définit le nombre d’éléments apparaissant sur chaque page.
 Remember the last search : cochez cette case pour que Final Cut Server mémorise et
exécute, lors de la prochaine connexion, la dernière recherche que vous avez effectuée.
Vous pouvez modifier
l’affichage des résultats
de recherche dans
votre client.
Vous pouvez définir
l’emplacement et la taille
de votre mémoire cache. 108 Chapitre 4 Utilisation de Final Cut Server
À propos des préférences du cache
Le cache est l’emplacement où sont téléchargées vos copies locales des fichiers de données. Il n’est pas recommandé que les utilisateurs affichent ou déplacent des fichiers qui
se trouvent dans le cache. Exportez plutôt des copies de fichiers que vous souhaitez utiliser vers votre bureau ou vers un autre emplacement pratique.
Toutefois, vous pouvez décider de l’emplacement de votre cache. Dans la fenêtre Preferences, vous pouvez modifier l’emplacement et la taille du cache. Vous pouvez également
l’effacer rapidement dans la fenêtre Preferences.
Les préférences de cache incluent :
 Emplacement du cache : cliquez sur le bouton Choose pour choisir un emplacement à
utiliser pour le stockage de vos caches. Les emplacements par défaut sont /utilisateur/
Bibliothèque/Caches/ lorsque vous exécutez le client sur un ordinateur Macintosh et
le répertoire /username/AppData/ sur un ordinateur Windows.
Important : la modification de l’emplacement du cache se traduit par le fait que tous
les caches actuels deviennent indisponibles. Si vous modifiez l’emplacement du cache,
vous devez ajouter manuellement les ressources dont vous avez besoin sur le nouvel
emplacement du cache.
 Maximum Cache Size : saisissez une valeur pour définir une taille de cache maximale.
 Clear Cache : cliquez sur le bouton Clear Cache pour supprimer les fichiers dans
l’emplacement du cache.
 Saved aliases for prepared media files : cliquez sur le bouton Choose pour choisir
un emplacement à utiliser pour le stockage des alias sur les fichiers cache. Cet emplacement est utilisé lorsque vous choisissez l’option Prepare for Disconnected Use pour
les ressources.
Remarque : si votre cache local dépasse la limite définie dans la fenêtre Preferences,
un message d’erreur apparaît, vous conseillant de supprimer le cache, d’annuler l’action
ou de la poursuivre. Il est recommandé de choisir de supprimer votre cache.
À propos du champ Saved Aliases for Prepared Media Files
Préparer des ressources média pour une utilisation déconnectée vous permet de créer
des copies d’alias d’un fichier de données qui est stocké dans votre cache Final Cut Server
sur un ordinateur portable. Vous pouvez utiliser les fichiers d’alias pour créer un nouveau
projet Final Cut Pro lorsque vous êtes déconnecté du réseau Final Cut Server. Vous pouvez
définir l’emplacement où Final Cut Server enregistre les copies d’alias des fichiers de
données préparés dans la fenêtre Preferences. Pour en savoir plus sur la préparation
de ressources média pour une utilisation déconnectée, consultez « Préparation de ressources média en vue d’une utilisation sur un ordinateur non connecté au réseau
Final Cut Server » à la page 113.5
109
5 Utilisation des ressources média
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 À propos de la mise en cache (p. 109)
 Extraction, modification et réintégration d’une ressource média (p. 111)
 Préparation de ressources média en vue d’une utilisation sur un ordinateur
non connecté au réseau Final Cut Server (p. 113)
 Exportation de ressources média (p. 117)
Ce chapitre explique comment modifier les ressources média, notamment les plans vidéo
et les graphismes, dans des applications autres que Final Cut Server. Vous pouvez modifier
la copie gérée d’une ressource média en extrayant cette ressource, puis en modifiant le
fichier extrait et en le réintégrant lorsque vous avez terminé les modifications. Un flux de
travaux séparé est fourni pour préparer les fichiers de données qui seront utilisés dans le
nouveau projet Final Cut Pro que vous créez lorsque vous n’êtes pas connecté au réseau
Final Cut Server. Vous pouvez également copier ou exporter la copie non gérée d’une ressource média à partir de Final Cut Server.
À propos de la mise en cache
Mettre en cache une ressource signifie la télécharger dans le cache Final Cut Server de
votre ordinateur local. Lorsque vous avez mis en cache une ressource média, vous pouvez
l’extraire et travailler sur cette copie gérée dans une autre application, en faire glisser une
copie à partir de Final Cut Server ou en exporter une copie et créer une copie non gérée.
Vous pouvez déterminer qu’une ressource est en cache par la couleur de sa vignette,
qui devient gris clair.
Remarque : si votre système Final Cut Server est connecté à un périphérique de réseau
de stockage (SAN) Xsan Apple et que la fonction edit-in-place est activée, vos ressources
sont toujours mises en cache et prêtes à être utilisées. Pour en savoir plus, contactez votre
administrateur Final Cut Server.110 Chapitre 5 Utilisation des ressources média
Final Cut Server affiche une invite lorsque vous devez mettre en cache une ressource ; pour
effectuer cette opération, il vous suffit donc souvent de cliquer sur le bouton Add to Cache
qui s’affiche dans la zone de dialogue d’invite. Cependant, vous pouvez également ajouter
manuellement une ressource à votre cache Final Cut Server.
Pour ajouter une ressource à votre cache :
m Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez
Add to Cache dans le menu contextuel.
Lorsqu’une ressource est mise en cache, son arrière-plan change de couleur et devient
gris clair.
Dans certaines situations, un fichier stocké dans votre cache Final Cut Server peut arriver
à expiration. Dans un tel cas, une icône apparaît sur la ressource, indiquant que le fichier
mis en cache pour cette ressource a expiré.
4_2, dont l’arrière plan
est d’un gris plus clair,
est mise en cache.
Cette icône indique que le
fichier mis en cache pour
cette ressource a expiré.Chapitre 5 Utilisation des ressources média 111
Pour corriger un fichier expiré :
m Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez
Remove from Cache dans le menu contextuel.
Cette icône disparaît, indiquant que le fichier expiré a été retiré de votre cache Final Cut Server.
Vous pouvez modifier plusieurs réglages pour votre cache Final Cut Server dans les préfé-
rences Final Cut Server. Pour en savoir plus, consultez « À propos des préférences du
cache » à la page 108.
Important : Final Cut Server gère les fichiers situés dans le cache de votre ordinateur
local. Dans la plupart des cas, vous n’avez pas besoin de travailler manuellement dans
le cache de votre ordinateur. Si vous souhaitez modifier votre cache, contactez votre
administrateur Final Cut Server.
Extraction, modification et réintégration d’une ressource média
Une ressource média est très simple à utiliser, car elle ne représente qu’un simple
fichier de données. Pour modifier une ressource média, vous pouvez l’extraire,
la modifier, puis la réintégrer dans Final Cut Server.
Une ressource média peut également être exportée, modifiée, puis téléchargée dans
Final Cut Server en tant que nouvelle ressource ; cependant, lorsque vous exportez
une ressource média, celle-ci n’est plus gérée par Final Cut Server. Si vous appliquez
des modifications au fichier de données et souhaitez que Final Cut Server en assure de
nouveau la gestion, vous devez créer une nouvelle ressource pour le fichier, en le réinté-
grant dans Final Cut Server.
Bien qu’une ressource média représente un simple fichier de données, elle est rarement
utilisée seule. Les ressources média peuvent être référencées en tant qu’éléments d’une
ressource de projet Final Cut Pro ou référencées dans d’autres ressources de projet
Final Cut Studio. Lorsque vous modifiez une ressource, il peut vous arriver de modifier
par inadvertance la manière dont la ressource apparaît dans différentes ressources
de projet. Il est donc préférable de toujours consulter la sous-fenêtre Resources d’une
ressource média, afin de vérifier les projets auxquels cette ressource est associée.
Si vous savez que vos modifications affecteront tous les projets auxquels la ressource est
associée, appliquez ces modifications sans vous poser de questions. Si vous ne reconnaissez pas les ressources associées indiquées dans la sous-fenêtre Resources, envisagez plutôt d’exporter la ressource, puis de la télécharger en tant que nouvelle ressource média
et de remplacer manuellement cette ressource dans les projets concernés. Cette opération
est peut être un peu plus longue, mais elle vous évitera, à vous et à vos collègues, des heures de travail par la suite pour réparer les dégâts causés.
N’oubliez pas que, lorsqu’une ressource média est extraite, cette ressource ne peut
pas être modifiée, extraite, supprimée ou archivée par un autre utilisateur. 112 Chapitre 5 Utilisation des ressources média
Pour extraire une ressource média, la modifier et réintégrer le fichier de données
dans Final Cut Server :
1 Recherchez la ressource média que vous souhaitez extraire.
2 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Sélectionnez la ressource, puis cliquez sur le bouton Check Out dans la barre d’outils.
 Cliquez sur la ressource média tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis
sélectionnez Check Out dans le menu contextuel.
3 Dans la fenêtre Check Out qui s’affiche, sélectionnez l’emplacement d’enregistrement
du fichier de données extrait.
4 Cliquez sur le bouton Check Out.
5 Pour ouvrir le fichier dans son application d’origine, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
 Faites glisser le fichier de Final Cut Server vers l’icône de l’application, sur votre Dock.
 Faites glisser le fichier de son emplacement d’extraction jusqu’à l’icône de l’application
d’origine, sur votre Dock.
 Ouvrez le fichier dans son application d’origine, en sélectionnant File > Open.
6 Modifiez le fichier.
7 Enregistrez le nouveau fichier à l’emplacement d’extraction.
Important : si vous enregistrez le fichier ailleurs qu’à son emplacement d’extraction
initial, Final Cut Server ne pourra pas en assurer la gestion.
Cliquez sur le bouton
Check Out.Chapitre 5 Utilisation des ressources média 113
8 Dans Final Cut Server, réintégrez le fichier en procédant de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Sélectionnez la ressource extraite, puis cliquez sur le bouton Check In dans la barre d’outils.
 Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez Check In dans le menu contextuel.
Si la fonction de contrôle de version est désactivée, la ressource est réintégrée.
9 Si cette fonction est activée, une fenêtre Check In s’affiche. Le cas échéant, saisissez
un commentaire pour la version et cliquez sur Check In.
Pour en savoir plus sur le contrôle de version, consultez « Ajout de versions pour
une ressource média ou de projet » à la page 91.
La ressource média mise à jour est réintégrée dans Final Cut Server et l’icône d’extraction disparaît de la vignette de la ressource.
Préparation de ressources média en vue d’une utilisation
sur un ordinateur non connecté au réseau Final Cut Server
Vous aurez parfois besoin de sélectionner des ressources média pouvant être utilisées dans un nouveau projet Final Cut Pro créé alors que vous n’êtes pas connecté
au réseau Final Cut Server.
Préparer des ressources média pour une utilisation hors connexion vous permet de créer
des copies d’alias d’un fichier de données stocké dans le cache Final Cut Server de votre
ordinateur local. Ensuite, lorsque vous n’êtes plus connecté au réseau Final Cut Server,
vous pouvez ajouter ces fichiers de données à un nouveau projet Final Cut Pro. Lorsque
vous vous reconnectez au réseau Final Cut Server, il vous suffit de télécharger le nouveau
projet Final Cut Pro dans Final Cut Server. Ceci crée une nouvelle ressource pour le projet
Final Cut Pro, mais, comme les ressources média existent déjà dans Final Cut Server, les
données ne sont pas téléchargées.
Important : vous pouvez préparer les fichiers pour une utilisation hors connexion uniquement si votre ordinateur portable dispose d’un cache Final Cut Server local. Vous
ne pouvez pas préparer les fichiers pour une utilisation hors connexion et les placer
sur un disque externe.114 Chapitre 5 Utilisation des ressources média
Pour préparer des ressources média à une utilisation hors connexion :
1 Sélectionnez Preferences dans le menu local Server (menu local de la fenêtre principale
de Final Cut Server, qui apparaît lorsque vous cliquez sur le bouton Server).
2 Dans la fenêtre Preferences de Final Cut Server, vérifiez l’emplacement prévu pour les
fichiers d’alias. Si vous souhaitez changer d’emplacement, cliquez sur Choose et saisissez le nouvel emplacement sur votre ordinateur local ; terminez en cliquant sur Apply
Changes pour enregistrer le nouvel emplacement.
3 Dans la sous-fenêtre Assets, sélectionnez les ressources média que vous souhaitez préparer
pour une utilisation hors connexion.
 Pour sélectionner une série d’éléments, cliquez sur un élément, maintenez la touche
Maj enfoncée, puis cliquez sur le dernier élément de la série.
 Pour sélectionner plusieurs éléments individuels, maintenez la touche Commande enfoncée et cliquez sur les éléments souhaités, même s’ils ne sont pas l’un à côté de l’autre.
4 Cliquez sur l’une des ressources sélectionnées tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle
enfoncée, puis sélectionnez Prepare for Disconnected Use dans le menu contextuel.
Cliquez sur le bouton Choose.
Les copies d’alias des fichiers de
données sont placées à l’endroit
spécifié dans ce champ.
Sélectionnez « Prepare
for Disconnected Use ».Chapitre 5 Utilisation des ressources média 115
Les fichiers sont copiés dans le cache Final Cut Server et les copies d’alias des fichiers
sont placées à l’endroit spécifié dans le champ « Saved aliases for prepared media files »
de la fenêtre Preferences.
Pour créer un projet Final Cut Pro à l’aide des fichiers préparés pour une utilisation
hors connexion :
1 Créez un nouveau projet dans Final Cut Pro.
2 Faites glisser les fichiers d’alias vers le nouveau projet.
Important : vérifiez le chemin d’accès aux fichiers de données pour l’emplacement
« Prepared for Disconnected Use ». Ne déplacez pas les alias et ne changez pas le nom
des fichiers.
Vous pouvez également ajouter des fichiers de données non gérés par Final Cut Server
au nouveau projet Final Cut Pro. Lorsque vous téléchargez le nouveau projet Final Cut Pro
dans Final Cut Server, ces nouveaux fichiers sont téléchargés en tant que nouvelles ressources média.
3 Modifiez le projet.
4 Lorsque vous avez terminé, enregistrez le projet.
La dernière étape de cette procédure consiste à télécharger le nouveau projet Final Cut Pro
dans Final Cut Server. Lorsque vous téléchargez le projet, les ressources média que vous
avez préparées pour une utilisation hors connexion sont mises à jour, si nécessaire, dans
Final Cut Server ; le nouveau projet Final Cut Pro est téléchargé en tant que nouvelle ressource et les éventuels nouveaux fichiers de données sont téléchargés dans Final Cut Server
en tant que nouvelles ressources média.116 Chapitre 5 Utilisation des ressources média
Pour télécharger le nouveau projet Final Cut Pro dans Final Cut Server :
1 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Faites glisser le fichier de projet Final Cut Pro depuis Finder jusqu’à la colonne de gauche
de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server, la sous-fenêtre Assets ou une production.
 Sélectionnez Upload File dans le menu local Server (menu local de la fenêtre principale
de Final Cut Server, qui s’affiche lorsque vous cliquez sur le bouton Server), sélectionnez
le fichier de projet Final Cut Pro dans l’explorateur de fichiers, puis cliquez sur Upload.
La fenêtre Upload de Final Cut Pro s’affiche.
2 Certaines informations contenues dans la fenêtre Upload de Final Cut Pro sont saisies
automatiquement. Si nécessaire, vous pouvez modifier l’ensemble de métadonnées ou
ajouter des métadonnées pour le nouveau projet Final Cut Pro et les données associées.
Cliquez ici pour parcourir les catégories de métadonnées situées à gauche et afficher toutes les trames de métadonnées disponibles.
3 Si vous souhaitez intégrer la ressource de projet Final Cut Pro à une production, cliquez sur
Choose, à droite du champ Associate with Production, et spécifiez la production souhaitée.
Pour en savoir plus sur les productions, consultez « Organisation des ressources à l’aide
de productions » à la page 59.
4 Cliquez sur Upload.
Le fichier est téléchargé et une nouvelle ressource est créée. La progression du télé-
chargement s’affiche au-dessus de la sous-fenêtre Information, en bas à gauche
de la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server.
5 Si vous souhaitez surveiller la progression du téléchargement des fichiers, cliquez
sur le bouton Downloads and Uploads pour afficher la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads.
Lorsque le fichier est téléchargé, sélectionnez la sous-fenêtre Assets et cliquez sur
le bouton Search pour afficher la nouvelle ressource ou les ressources créées à partir
du fichier de projet Final Cut Pro, ainsi que tous les nouveaux fichiers de données.Chapitre 5 Utilisation des ressources média 117
Exportation de ressources média
La fonction d’exportation est utile lorsque vous souhaitez créer une copie des fichiers
de données, à des fins de modification, ou créer une copie de sauvegarde. Vous pouvez
exporter une copie de ressources média, même si la ressource a été verrouillée ou extraite
par un autre utilisateur.
Important : lorsque vous avez exporté une ressource média, le fichier exporté n’est
plus géré par Final Cut Server. Si vous souhaitez créer une copie gérée de la ressource,
pouvant être réintégrée et suivie par Final Cut Server, vous devez extraire la ressource.
Pour exporter une ou plusieurs ressources média :
1 Sélectionnez une ou plusieurs ressources, cliquez sur une ressource tout en maintenant
la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez Export dans le menu contextuel.
La fenêtre Export ou Multiple Export s’affiche.
2 Dans cette fenêtre, choisissez l’emplacement d’enregistrement des fichiers de données,
en cliquant sur le bouton Choose et en recherchant l’emplacement souhaité dans l’explorateur de fichiers.
3 Si vous le souhaitez, sélectionnez un réglage de transcodage.
4 Si vous exportez un fichier unique, vous pouvez également en changer le nom.
5 Cliquez sur le bouton Start.
Le fichier de données est exporté à l’emplacement que vous avez spécifié dans la fenêtre
Export. 6
119
6 Utilisation des projets
Final Cut Pro
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 À propos des projets Final Cut Pro (p. 120)
 Utilisation conjointe de Final Cut Pro et de Final Cut Server (p. 121)
 Déplacement de projets Final Cut Pro entre Final Cut Server et Final Cut Pro (p. 123)
 Extraction d’un projet Final Cut Pro (p. 124)
 Modification d’un projet extrait dans Final Cut Pro (p. 126)
 Réintégration d’un projet Final Cut Pro (p. 127)
 Création de copies de travail pour les ressources de projet Final Cut Pro (p. 129)
 Utilisation de projets Final Cut Pro en-dehors du réseau Final Cut Server (p. 130)
 Exportation d’un projet Final Cut Pro (p. 133)
Ce chapitre explique comment utiliser des projets Final Cut Pro. Vous pouvez notamment
modifier des projets Final Cut Pro en extrayant la ressource du projet, en modifiant le fichier
extrait dans Final Cut Pro et en réintégrant le fichier modifié dans Final Cut Server. Un flux
de travaux distinct est fourni pour la modification d’une copie de projet Final Cut Pro gérée
par Final Cut Server, lorsque vous n’êtes pas connecté au réseau Final Cut Server. Vous pouvez également exporter une copie de projet Final Cut Pro à partir de Final Cut Server.120 Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro
À propos des projets Final Cut Pro
Lorsque vous téléchargez un projet Final Cut Pro dans Final Cut Server, le projet Final Cut Pro
est téléchargé sous forme de ressource et chaque fichier de données relié à la ressource
de projet Final Cut Pro est également téléchargé sous forme de ressource média indépendante, appelée élément de ce projet. Final Cut Server utilise les éléments pour assurer le suivi
des ressources média reliées. Les éléments sont répertoriés dans la sous-fenêtre Elements
de la ressource de projet.
Une ressource de projet Final Cut Pro est toujours reliée à une ou plusieurs séquences
Final Cut Pro, ainsi qu’aux données utilisées dans le cadre du projet. La relation d’élé-
ment permet à plusieurs ressources de projet Final Cut Pro de référencer les mêmes
ressources média.
Pour afficher la ressource d’un élément :
m Cliquez sur l’élément tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez
Show Master Asset dans le menu contextuel.
La ressource référencée par l’élément s’ouvre. Afficher la ressource d’un élément peut
être utile pour assurer le suivi des ressources source de cet élément.
Chaque élément réfé-
rence une ressource individuelle. Cliquez sur un
élément en maintenant la
touche Contrôle enfoncée
pour ouvrir la fenêtre
d’information de
la ressource média.
Cliquez sur Elements dans la fenêtre
d’information d’une ressource
de projet Final Cut Pro.Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro 121
Utilisation conjointe de Final Cut Pro et de Final Cut Server
Il existe plusieurs manières de travailler sur un projet Final Cut Pro :
 Vous pouvez extraire le projet Final Cut Pro. L’extraction d’un projet Final Cut Pro
est la méthode la plus efficace, car les projets et ressources média extraits sont gérés
par Final Cut Server. Une fois que vous avez modifié le projet, vous pouvez le réinté-
grer, mettant ainsi le projet à jour dans Final Cut Server. Vous avez également la possibilité d’activer la fonction de contrôle de versions, qui enregistre automatiquement
les versions réintégrées du projet.
 Vous pouvez exporter le projet Final Cut Pro. Cette opération est intéressante si vous
avez besoin d’utiliser ou de partager une copie non gérée de votre projet Final Cut Pro.
Cependant, il est important de noter que les projets Final Cut Pro exportés ne sont pas
gérés par Final Cut Server. Si vous choisissez de mettre à jour un projet Final Cut Pro
préalablement exporté à partir de Final Cut Server, vous devrez télécharger la version
mise à jour en tant que nouvelle ressource Final Cut Server finale.
Que vous téléchargiez un nouveau projet Final Cut Pro dans Final Cut Server ou que
vous réintégriez une ressource de projet Final Cut Pro existante dans Final Cut Server,
il est important de bien comprendre ce qui suit :
 Final Cut Server ne prend pas en charge les hiérarchies de dossier dans le chutier Final Cut Pro.
Les éléments que vous avez organisés dans le chutier Final Cut Pro apparaîtront donc
sous une structure linéaire dans Final Cut Server.
 Final Cut Server ne reconnaît pas les marqueurs définis dans Final Cut Pro. Les marqueurs et
les commentaires de marqueur créés dans Final Cut Pro ne peuvent pas être affichés dans
Final Cut Server. Cependant, lorsque vous extrayez ou exportez un projet Final Cut Pro
à partir de Final Cut Server, les marqueurs et leur texte apparaissent de nouveau dans
Final Cut Pro.
 N’oubliez pas d’enregistrer les fichiers du projet extrait. Enregistrez les fichiers régulièrement
et uniquement à l’emplacement d’extraction Final Cut Server. Ne déplacez pas ces fichiers
de leur emplacement d’extraction.
 N’oubliez pas que les projets exportés à partir de Final Cut Server ne sont plus gérés
par Final Cut Server. Vous ne pouvez donc pas mettre à jour une ressource de projet
Final Cut Pro existante dans Final Cut Server, à moins que vous ayez extrait, modifié
et réintégré cette ressource. Si vous avez modifié un projet Final Cut Pro exporté
ou dupliqué, celui-ci n’est plus géré par Final Cut Server. 122 Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro
Résolution de problèmes de données offline
Après avoir téléchargé ou réintégré un projet Final Cut Pro, vous vous apercevrez peut-être
qu’un ou plusieurs fichiers de données du projet ne sont plus en ligne. Vous le saurez car
une icône Offline apparaît sur la ressource.
Final Cut Server ne peut pas modifier les liens de données d’un projet Final Cut Pro. Lorsque Final Cut Server gère un projet Final Cut Pro, les données peuvent passer offline car la
ressource du projet a été mal téléchargée ou parce que les fichiers de données sont passés
offline lors de la modification du projet dans Final Cut Pro et que le téléchargement s’est fait
avec les données offline.
Si les données du projet ont fait l’objet d’un lien incorrect lors du téléchargement ou de
la réintégration et si elles sont passées offline lors du téléchargement dans Final Cut Server,
vous devez extraire le projet, recréer le lien pour les données, puis réintégrer le projet dans
Final Cut Server.
Si les données du projet ne sont pas reliées dans Final Cut Pro, tentez de créer un nouveau
lien dans Final Cut Pro.
Cette icône indique
qu’un ou plusieurs
fichiers de données
du projet sont offline.Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro 123
Déplacement de projets Final Cut Pro entre Final Cut Server
et Final Cut Pro
Après avoir téléchargé un projet Final Cut Pro, il est facile de réviser et de mettre à jour le
projet original. Il vous suffit pour cela d’extraire le projet, de le modifier dans Final Cut Pro,
de l’enregistrer, puis de le réintégrer. Lors de la réintégration, la ressource de projet
Final Cut Server est mise à jour dans Final Cut Server.
Important : votre administrateur Final Cut Server peut créer une copie de la ressource
afin de la modifier directement sur un serveur Xsan ; ceci évite les opérations de télé-
chargement, de cache et d’extraction de la ressource. En effet vous pouvez, à la place,
faire glisser votre ressource directement de la sous-fenêtre Assets vers une application,
pour modification. Pour ce faire, votre administrateur Final Cut Server doit configurer la
fonction edit-in-place Demandez à votre administrateur Final Cut Server si cette fonction
a été configurée pour votre système Final Cut Server.
Vous pouvez enregistrer une version des ressources de projet précédentes en activant la
fonction de contrôle de versions. Lorsque cette fonction est activée, vous pouvez enregistrer une copie chaque fois qu’une nouvelle version de la ressource est réintégrée. Pour en
savoir plus sur le contrôle de versions, consultez la rubrique « Ajout de versions pour
une ressource média ou de projet » à la page 91.
N’oubliez pas que l’extraction du projet Final Cut Pro est la seule méthode existante pour
assurer la maintenance de la ressource de projet. Si vous exportez une copie de la ressource
Final Cut Pro ou si vous faites simplement glisser la ressource jusqu’à votre bureau, vous
ne faites que créer une copie non gérée du projet Final Cut Pro, dont Final Cut Server
n’assurera pas le suivi. Si vous apportez des modifications à un projet Final Cut Pro non
géré, vous devrez le télécharger dans Final Cut Server en tant que nouvelle ressource.124 Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro
Extraction d’un projet Final Cut Pro
L’opération d’extraction d’un projet Final Cut Pro crée une copie non gérée du projet,
à l’emplacement que vous avez spécifié. Lorsque vous extrayez un projet Final Cut Pro,
la représentation principale de la ressource de projet est verrouillée et ne peut pas être modifiée par d’autres utilisateurs. En outre, chaque ressource média utilisée dans le projet est également verrouillée pour référence et ne peut pas être modifiée par un autre utilisateur.
Si la fonction Edit Proxy a été activée par votre administrateur Final Cut Server, vous avez
la possibilité d’extraire les données d’origine ou le proxy de modification qui a été créé.
L’utilisation des données d’origine permet d’obtenir la représentation principale de la ressource vidéo ; l’utilisation d’un proxy de modification permet d’obtenir le fichier de proxy
de la ressource vidéo.
Important : la fonction Edit Proxy peut être activée par votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Si cette fonction est désactivée, vous ne pourrez qu’extraire les données d’origine.
Vous avez également la possibilité de créer une copie des données reliées d’un projet
au moment de l’extraction. Toutes les données reliées étant copiées dans le cache
de Final Cut Server, sur l’ordinateur, au moment de l’extraction, le seul moment où
il est nécessaire d’inclure les données reliées est lors de l’extraction d’un projet sur
un disque externe. Pour en savoir plus, consultez « Utilisation de projets Final Cut Pro endehors du réseau Final Cut Server » à la page 130.Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro 125
Pour extraire un projet Final Cut Pro :
1 Dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou dans une production, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
 Sélectionnez le projet Final Cut Pro que vous souhaitez extraire, puis cliquez sur le bouton
Check Out de la barre d’outils.
 Tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, cliquez sur le projet Final Cut Pro
que vous souhaitez extraire, puis sélectionnez Check Out dans le menu contextuel.
La fenêtre Check Out Final Cut Pro s’affiche.
2 Dans la fenêtre Check Out du projet Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez un emplacement d’enregistrement pour le projet Final Cut Pro extrait, en cliquant sur le bouton Choose et en recherchant l’emplacement souhaité dans le navigateur de fichiers.
Remarque : pour effectuer un suivi efficace des projets extraits, vous pouvez créer
un dossier « Projets Final Cut Server extraits », ou un dossier similaire, sur le bureau
ou à l’emplacement de votre choix.
Sélectionnez la ressource
Final Cut Pro et cliquez sur
le bouton Check Out.
Vous pouvez également
sélectionner la ressource,
puis choisir Check Out dans
le menu contextuel.
p
Cliquez sur Choose pour spécifier un emplacement d’extracCliquez sur Check Out.126 Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro
3 Si la fonction Edit Proxy n’est pas activée, les données d’origine seront utilisées par
défaut. Si cette fonction est activée, sélectionnez Original Media ou Edit Proxy, dans
le menu local Use.
Ceci permet de définir le type de données utilisé lors de la modification de votre projet.
Remarque : cochez la case Keep Media with Project uniquement si vous prévoyez de
modifier le projet lorsque votre ordinateur ne sera pas connecté au réseau Final Cut Server.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez « Utilisation de projets Final Cut Pro en-dehors du réseau
Final Cut Server » à la page 130.
4 Cliquez sur le bouton Check Out.
La ressource de projet Final Cut Pro est marquée de l’icône d’extraction, dans Final Cut Server.
Une copie du projet est téléchargée à l’emplacement d’extraction préalablement spécifié. Toutes les données reliées au projet extrait sont ajoutées au cache Final Cut Server.
Lorsque le projet est ouvert dans Final Cut Pro, les données en cache localement sont
utilisées pour effectuer une reconnexion automatique au projet extrait.
Vous pouvez suivre la progression de l’opération d’extraction via l’indicateur Jobs in
Progress. Pour obtenir davantage d’informations, ouvrez la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads.
Modification d’un projet extrait dans Final Cut Pro
Une fois que vous avez extrait un projet Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez le modifier dans
Final Cut Pro.
Lorsque vous ouvrez un fichier appartenant à un projet que vous venez d’extraire
dans Final Cut Pro, ce fichier de projet s’ouvre normalement en présentant tous ses
liens de données intacts.
Pour ouvrir un projet extrait dans Final Cut Pro :
m Faites glisser le projet entre son emplacement d’extraction et l’icône Final Cut Pro du Dock.
Le projet s’ouvre dans Final Cut Pro. Vous pouvez à présent le modifier comme vous
le souhaitez.
Remarque : normalement, vous n’avez pas à relier manuellement les fichiers de données
du projet. Si cette opération est nécessaire, cela signifie certainement que le projet a été
téléchargé dans Final Cut Server avec des données non reliées.Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro 127
Pour enregistrer un projet Final Cut Pro extrait :
m Enregistrez le projet à l’emplacement spécifié lors de l’extraction.
Important : l’enregistrement doit se faire exactement au même endroit que l’extraction.
Si vous n’enregistrez pas votre projet Final Cut Pro avant de le réintégrer, toutes vos modifications seront perdues.
À propos de l’utilisation du Gestionnaire de données avec un projet
extrait
Divers problèmes de gestion des données peuvent surgir si vous utilisez le Gestionnaire
de données Final Cut Pro pour organiser un projet géré par Final Cut Server. Vous pouvez
vous servir du Gestionnaire de données pour organiser les données d’un projet, mais
avant de le télécharger dans Final Cut Server. Il n’est pas recommandé d’utiliser le Gestionnaire de données lorsque le projet est géré par Final Cut Server.
Réintégration d’un projet Final Cut Pro
Lorsque vous réintégrez un projet Final Cut Pro dans Final Cut Server, le nouveau projet remplace l’ancien projet extrait. Toutes les données reliées (y compris les données
inutilisées stockées dans un chutier ou un dossier) sont mises à jour et les éventuelles
nouvelles données ajoutées sont téléchargées dans Final Cut Server.
Si vous utilisez la fonction de contrôle de versions avec un projet Final Cut Pro, l’ancien
projet extrait est enregistré en tant que copie de travail de la ressource de projet. Si vous
n’utilisez pas cette fonction, l´ancienne ressource de projet est écrasée.
La réintégration d’un projet supprime à la fois le verrou d’extraction appliqué à la ressource
de projet Final Cut Pro et les verrous de référence appliqués aux ressources média.128 Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro
Pour réintégrer un projet dans Final Cut Server :
1 Dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou dans une production, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
 Sélectionnez la ressource souhaitée, puis cliquez sur le bouton Check In dans la barre
d’outils.
 Cliquez sur le projet tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez
Check In dans le menu contextuel.
Lorsque vous réintégrez le projet, une fenêtre Check In s’affiche.
2 Si la fonction de contrôle de versions est activée, vous pouvez saisir des commentaires
dans le champ Version Comments.
3 Si vous avez ajouté de nouveaux fichiers de données au projet Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez
choisir un ensemble de métadonnées pour la nouvelle ressource média et ajouter ces
métadonnées à n’importe quelle trame disponible.
4 Lorsque vous êtes prêt à réintégrer le projet, cliquez sur le bouton Check In.
Sélectionnez la ressource
Final Cut Pro et cliquez
sur le bouton Check In.
Vous pouvez également
sélectionner la ressource,
puis choisir Check In dans
le menu contextuel.
Si la fonction de contrôle
de versions est activée,
le champ Version
Comments apparaît.
Saisissez les métadonnées appropriées.
Cliquez sur Check In.Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro 129
Final Cut Server télécharge le nouveau projet modifié, ainsi que toutes les nouvelles données reliées au projet. Si la fonction de contrôle de versions est activée pour la ressource
de projet, l’ancien projet est enregistré en tant que copie de travail ; si la fonction n’est pas
activée, l’ancien projet est écrasé.
Création de copies de travail pour les ressources de projet
Final Cut Pro
Final Cut Server peut assurer le suivi des fichiers de projet Final Cut Pro à mesure que
vous les modifiez, en créant une copie de travail pour chaque nouvelle version modifiée du projet réintégrée dans Final Cut Server.
Si votre administrateur Final Cut Server a activé la fonction de contrôle de versions
pour la ressource, durant l’installation, le système crée peut-être déjà de nouvelles
copies de travail pour chaque ressource modifiée.
Important : lorsque la fonction de contrôle de versions est activée pour une ressource,
Final Cut Server crée une copie de chaque version réintégrée. Avant d’activer le suivi
des versions d’une ressource dans Final Cut Server, vérifiez que la capacité de votre
disque est suffisante. Si vous avez des questions sur la pertinence de l’activation
de la fonction de contrôle de versions, pour une ressource spécifique, contactez
votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Pour créer une version d’une ressource de projet Final Cut Pro :
1 Vérifiez que la fonction de contrôle de versions est activée pour la ressource de projet
Final Cut Pro concernée, en observant la procédure suivante :
a Double-cliquez sur la ressource de projet pour afficher la fenêtre d’information
correspondante.
b Cliquez sur le bouton Versions.
c Si la case « Store and track versions of this asset » n’est pas sélectionnée, cochez-la.
2 Extrayez le projet Final Cut Pro en procédant de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Cliquez sur le bouton Check Out dans la barre d’outils.
 Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis sélectionnez Check Out dans le menu contextuel.
3 Dans la fenêtre Check Out qui s’affiche, spécifiez un emplacement d’extraction
et cliquez sur Check Out.130 Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro
4 Modifiez le projet Final Cut Pro à votre convenance.
5 Lorsque vous avez terminé, enregistrez le projet.
6 Réintégrez le projet Final Cut Pro en procédant de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Cliquez sur le bouton Check In dans la barre d’outils.
 Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis sélectionnez Check Out dans le menu contextuel.
7 Ajoutez un commentaire dans la fenêtre qui s’affiche.
8 Cliquez sur le bouton Check In.
Lorsque vous réintégrez une version de ressource modifiée, la version précédente
apparaît dans la sous-fenêtre Versions de la fenêtre d’information de la ressource.
Utilisation de projets Final Cut Pro en-dehors du réseau
Final Cut Server
Vous pouvez facilement utiliser des projets extraits lorsque votre ordinateur est déconnecté
du réseau Final Cut Server.
Lorsque vous extrayez un projet, vous pouvez choisir l’emplacement d’extraction pour
ce projet. Vous pouvez également spécifier si vous souhaitez ou non inclure une copie
des ressources média reliées, dans cet emplacement d’extraction.
Saisissez ici vos commentaires sur cette version.
Cochez cette case pour
inclure une copie des
fichiers de données reliés
dans l’emplacement
d’extraction.Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro 131
La manière dont vous utilisez ces options dépend du périphérique sur lequel vous effectuez
l’extraction. Vous pouvez extraire un projet sur un système connecté à Final Cut Server,
par exemple un ordinateur portable, ou sur un disque externe.
Si vous effectuez l’extraction sur un ordinateur connecté au réseau Final Cut Server (par
exemple un ordinateur portable que vous utilisez aussi bien chez vous qu’au bureau), vous
n’avez pas besoin d’inclure les données reliées lors de l’extraction. En effet, ces fichiers de
données sont stockés dans le cache Final Cut Server, sur l’ordinateur. Le projet Final Cut Pro
extrait fera référence aux fichiers de données stockés sur votre ordinateur local, ce même
ordinateur que vous emportez à votre domicile pour effectuer des modifications. Une fois
le projet extrait, vous pouvez donc emmener votre ordinateur avec vous et modifier le projet extrait alors que vous n’êtes pas connecté au réseau Final Cut Server. Lorsque vous
retournez au bureau le jour suivant, il vous suffit d’ouvrir une session Final Cut Server
et de réintégrer le projet modifié.
Si vous extrayez le projet sur un disque externe, vous devez inclure les données reliées
lors de l’extraction. Pour ce faire, cochez la case Keep Media with Project dans la fenêtre
Check Out. Le cache Final Cut Server est stocké sur votre ordinateur local, donc un projet
extrait sur un disque externe ne pourra pas accéder aux fichiers de données utilisés avec
le projet Final Cut Pro. Pour pouvoir accéder à ces fichiers, vous devez les inclure dans
l’opération d’extraction.
Pour extraire un projet Final Cut Pro sur un ordinateur portable, à des fins de modification, sans être connecté au réseau Final Cut Server :
1 Ouvrez une session Final Cut Server avec l’ordinateur sur lequel vous souhaitez extraire
le projet.
2 Dans Final Cut Server, recherchez la ressource de projet Final Cut Pro que vous souhaitez
extraire.
3 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Sélectionnez le projet Final Cut Pro souhaité, puis cliquez sur le bouton Check Out
dans la barre d’outils.
 Cliquez sur ce projet Final Cut Pro tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis sélectionnez Check Out dans le menu contextuel.
4 Dans la fenêtre Check Out de Final Cut Pro, choisissez l’emplacement d’extraction
et enregistrez le projet Final Cut Pro extrait en cliquant sur le bouton Choose, puis
en recherchant l’emplacement souhaité dans le navigateur de fichiers.
Remarque : pour effectuer un suivi efficace des projets extraits, vous pouvez créer
un dossier « Projets Final Cut Server extraits », ou un dossier similaire, sur le bureau
ou à l’emplacement de votre choix. 132 Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro
5 Cliquez sur le bouton Check Out.
La ressource de projet Final Cut Pro est marquée de l’icône d’extraction, dans
Final Cut Server. Le projet et ses fichiers de données sont téléchargés à l’emplacement de
cache Final Cut Server et un alias de la copie mise en cache du projet Final Cut Pro est créé
à l’emplacement que vous avez spécifié dans la fenêtre Check Out Final Cut Pro Project.
Vous pouvez suivre la progression de l’extraction via l’indicateur Jobs in Progress.
Le symbole d’engrenage en rotation indique que Final Cut Server télécharge actuellement
les fichiers extraits ; le chiffre affiché indique le nombre de fichiers téléchargés. Pour en
savoir plus, ouvrez la fenêtre Downloads & Uploads, qui indique précisément les fichiers
téléchargés et contient des informations sur l’état de chacun d’eux.
Pour extraire un projet Final Cut Pro sur un disque externe qui sera branché
sur un ordinateur non connecté au réseau Final Cut Server :
1 Localisez le projet Final Cut Pro que vous souhaitez extraire.
2 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Sélectionnez le projet Final Cut Pro souhaité, puis cliquez sur le bouton Check Out
dans la barre d’outils.
 Cliquez sur ce projet Final Cut Pro tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis sélectionnez Check Out dans le menu contextuel.
3 Dans la fenêtre Check Out de Final Cut Pro, recherchez le disque externe que vous utiliserez pour le transfert du projet Final Cut Pro en cliquant sur le bouton Choose, puis en
recherchant l’emplacement correspondant dans le navigateur de fichiers.
Remarque : pour effectuer un suivi plus efficace des projets extraits, vous pouvez créer
un dossier « Projets Final Cut Server extraits » ou similaire.
4 Si la fonction Edit Proxy n’est pas activée, les données d’origine seront utilisées par
défaut. Si cette fonction est activée, sélectionnez Original Media ou Edit Proxy, dans
le menu local Use.
Ceci permet de définir le type de données utilisé lors de la modification de votre projet.
5 Cochez la case Keep Media with Project.
Important : si vous ne cochez pas cette case lors de l’extraction d’un projet sur un disque
externe, vous ne pourrez plus accéder aux fichiers de données par la suite.
Vérifiez que la case
Keep Media with Project
est cochée.Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro 133
6 Cliquez sur Check Out.
La ressource de projet Final Cut Pro est marquée de l’icône d’extraction, dans
Final Cut Server. Le projet et ses fichiers de données sont extraits sur le disque
externe, à l’emplacement que vous avez spécifié dans la fenêtre Check Out.
Exportation d’un projet Final Cut Pro
Vous pouvez exporter une copie de projet Final Cut Pro à des fins de modification, même
si ce projet a été verrouillé ou extrait par un autre utilisateur. Lorsque vous effectuez une
exportation sans transcodage, vous obtenez une simple copie du projet et de ses données,
prête à être modifiée.
Important : les fichiers de projet exportés ne peuvent pas être réintégrés ou référencés de quelque autre manière que ce soit dans la ressource de projet Final Cut Pro
originale. Si vous souhaitez effectuer le suivi d’un projet Final Cut Pro exporté dans
Final Cut Server, vous devez d’abord le télécharger en tant que nouvelle ressource.
Pour exporter une copie de projet Final Cut Pro :
1 Cliquez sur la ressource de projet Final Cut Pro tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle
enfoncée, puis sélectionnez Export dans le menu contextuel.
2 Dans la fenêtre Export de Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez l’emplacement souhaité pour l’enregistrement du fichier de projet Final Cut Pro exporté et ses données. Pour ce faire, cliquez
sur le bouton Choose et recherchez l’emplacement souhaité dans le navigateur de fichiers.
Remarque : pour effectuer un suivi efficace des projets exportés, vous pouvez créer un
dossier « Projets Final Cut Server exportés », ou similaire, sur le bureau ou à l’emplacement
de votre choix.
3 Si vous souhaitez créer une copie locale des données du projet, sélectionnez Original
Media ou Edit Proxy dans le menu local Use.134 Chapitre 6 Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro
4 Cochez la case Keep Media with Project.
Vous obtenez ainsi une copie locale des fichiers de données.
5 Cliquez sur le bouton Export.
Une copie du fichier de projet et de ses fichiers de données est exportée à l’emplacement
que vous avez spécifié dans la fenêtre Export de Final Cut Pro.
Important : n’oubliez pas que vous ne pouvez pas réintégrer un fichier de projet
Final Cut Pro exporté dans Final Cut Server. Si vous souhaitez effectuer le suivi de cette
copie exportée dans Final Cut Server, vous devez tout d’abord télécharger le fichier
de projet en tant que nouvelle ressource.
Cochez la case Keep
Media with Project.7
135
7 Utilisation de projets
Final Cut Studio
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 À propos de la modification de ressources de projet Final Cut Studio (p. 135)
 Extraction, modification et réintégration de ressources regroupées (p. 136)
 Extraction, modification et réintégration de projets Final Cut Studio et de leurs fichiers de données (p. 138)
 Exportation d’une ressource de projet et de ses données (p. 143)
Ce chapitre est similaire au chapitre 6, « Utilisation des projets Final Cut Pro », car il explique comment exécuter les opérations présentées dans le Chapitre 6 pour les projets
Motion, Soundtrack Pro et DVD Studio Pro et leurs fichiers de données reliées qui sont
gérés par Final Cut Server. Toutefois, l’utilisation de ressources média et de projet
Final Cut Studio nécessite des stratégies autres que l’utilisation de ressources de projet
Final Cut Pro. Assurez-vous de lire les deux chapitres afin de vous familiariser avec les différentes utilisations des ressources de projet Final Cut Pro et Final Cut Studio et leurs
fichiers de données reliées.
À propos de la modification de ressources de projet
Final Cut Studio
Final Cut Server peut gérer les ressources des projets Soundtrack Pro, Motion
et DVD Studio Pro et leurs fichiers de données reliées.
À la différence des ressources de projet Final Cut Pro, les ressources de projet Final Cut Studio
ne contiennent pas d’éléments qui représentent les fichiers de données reliées du projet.
Par conséquent, les fichiers de données qui sont référencés par une ressource de projet
Final Cut Studio doivent être explicitement suivis par les utilisateurs Final Cut Server.
Final Cut Server offre deux méthodes de gestion des projets Final Cut Studio et de leurs
fichiers de données reliées.136 Chapitre 7 Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio
Lorsque vous téléchargez un dossier contenant le fichier de projet et les fichiers de données, Final Cut Server affiche une zone de dialogue vous demandant si vous souhaitez
télécharger le dossier en tant que ressource regroupée ou en tant que ressources individuelles. Ce chapitre explique comment extraire et exporter des projets Final Cut Studio
qui ont été téléchargés à l’aide de l’une de ces options.
La manière d’extraire un projet Final Cut Studio dépend de la manière dont vous l’avez
téléchargé. Si vous avez téléchargé le projet et ses fichiers de données reliées en tant que
ressource regroupée, vous pouvez extraire la ressource regroupée de la même manière
que vous extrairiez une ressource média. Si vous avez téléchargé le fichier de projet et ses
fichiers de données reliées en tant que ressources individuelles, vous devez extraire séparément la ressource de projet et chacune des ressources média.
Extraction, modification et réintégration de ressources
regroupées
Lorsque vous extrayez une ressource regroupée, le fichier de projet et ses fichiers
de données reliées sont tous contenus dans le dossier qui apparaît à l’emplacement
d’extraction. Vous pouvez extraire la ressource regroupée vers n’importe quel emplacement et avoir accès au projet et aux fichiers de données que vous soyez connecté
ou non à Final Cut Server.
N’oubliez pas que lorsque vous extrayez une ressource, elle est verrouillée à l’aide
d’un verrou d’extraction et que la représentation principale de la ressource ne peut
pas être modifiée ; toutefois, les métadonnées de la ressource peuvent être modifiées
par n’importe quel utilisateur.
Pour extraire une ressource regroupée, modifiez-la et réintégrez-la :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations ci-dessous :
 Sélectionnez la ressource Final Cut Studio que vous souhaitez extraire dans la sous-fenêtre
Assets ou dans une production, puis cliquez sur le bouton Check Out de la barre d’outils.
 Cliquez sur la ressource média tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis sélectionnez Check Out dans le menu contextuel.Chapitre 7 Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio 137
2 Dans la fenêtre Check Out qui apparaît, choisissez un emplacement pour enregistrer
la ressource regroupée extraite en navigant jusqu’à l’emplacement souhaité.
3 Cliquez sur le bouton Check Out.
Le dossier de fichiers contenu dans la ressource regroupée apparaît dans l’emplacement
spécifié.
4 Pour ouvrir le fichier de projet dans son application d’origine, procédez de l’une
des manières suivantes :
 Faites glisser le fichier de projet de l’emplacement d’extraction vers l’icône de l’application
d’origine dans votre Dock.
 Ouvrez l’application d’origine, choisissez Fichier > Ouvrir, puis naviguez jusqu’au
fichier de projet.
5 Modifiez le fichier.
6 Enregistrez le nouveau fichier dans l’emplacement d’extraction.
Important : l’enregistrement dans tout emplacement autre que l’emplacement d’origine
empêche Final Cut Server de gérer le fichier.
7 Dans Final Cut Server, réintégrez le dossier en sélectionnant la ressource regroupée
extraite dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou dans une production et procédez de l’une des
manières suivantes :
 Sélectionnez la ressource regroupée extraite, puis cliquez sur le bouton Check In.
 Cliquez sur la ressource regroupée extraite tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle
enfoncée, puis sélectionnez Check In dans le menu contextuel.
Naviguez jusqu’à
l’emplacement où vous
souhaitez enregistrer
la ressource regroupée
extraite.138 Chapitre 7 Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio
8 Si le contrôle de versions n’est pas activé pour la ressource regroupée, elle est réintégrée.
Si le contrôle de versions est activé pour la ressource regroupée, une fenêtre Check In
apparaît. Si nécessaire, saisissez un commentaire de version, puis cliquez sur Check In.
Pour en savoir plus sur le contrôle de versions, consultez « Ajout de versions pour
une ressource média ou de projet » à la page 91.
Le dossier mis à jour est réintégré dans Final Cut Server.
Extraction, modification et réintégration de projets
Final Cut Studio et de leurs fichiers de données
Si vous avez téléchargé un projet et ses fichiers de données reliées en tant que ressources
individuelles, vous devez extraire séparément la ressource de projet et chacune des ressources média. Si la ressource de projet Final Cut Studio et ses fichiers de données reliées
ont été placés dans une production Final Cut Server et ont reçu des métadonnées uniques lors du téléchargement, la recherche et le téléchargement du projet Final Cut Studio
et de ses données sont aisés. Vous pouvez ouvrir la production ou rechercher le mot-clé
du projet pour trouver le projet et ses ressources média. Vous pouvez ensuite extraire le
projet et chacune de ses ressources média.
Si le téléchargement du projet Final Cut Server n’a pas été explicitement organisé avec une
production ou un mot-clé, vous devrez peut-être le télécharger, l’ouvrir dans son application d’origine, puis rechercher manuellement les données requises pour ce projet. Vous
pouvez ensuite télécharger chaque donnée et modifier le projet. Lorsque vous réintégrez
le projet, vous pouvez l’organiser dans une production et appliquer un mot-clé de projet.
N’oubliez pas que lorsque vous extrayez une ressource, elle est verrouillée à l’aide
d’un verrou d’extraction et que la représentation principale de la ressource ne peut
pas être modifiée ; toutefois, les métadonnées de la ressource peuvent être modifiées
par n’importe quel utilisateur.Chapitre 7 Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio 139
Extraction d’une ressource de projet Final Cut Studio et de ses fichiers
de données reliées
Avant de pouvoir ouvrir correctement un projet, vous devez extraire ou exporter des copies
des ressources média du projet. L’extraction d’une ressource est le seul moyen pour créer
une copie gérée de la ressource que vous pouvez réintégrer dans Final Cut Server. Extrayez
la ressource de projet à l’aide des étapes ci-dessous, puis extrayez chacune des ressources
média. Après avoir extrait tous les fichiers de données, vous pouvez ouvrir le fichier de projet, reconnecter les fichiers de données et commencer la modification.
Pour extraire une ressource média ou une ressource de projet Final Cut Studio :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations ci-dessous :
 Sélectionnez la ressource de projet dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou dans une production,
puis cliquez sur le bouton Check Out de la barre d’outils.
 Cliquez sur la ressource de projet tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis sélectionnez Check Out dans le menu contextuel.
2 Dans la fenêtre Check Out, choisissez un emplacement pour y enregistrer le projet extrait
en navigant jusqu’à l’emplacement souhaité.
Remarque : pour faciliter la reconnexion des données du projet, enregistrez le fichier de
projet et tous ses fichiers de données reliées dans le même emplacement. Vous pouvez
créer un dossier « Projets Final Cut Server extraits » ou similaire sur le bureau ou dans
un autre emplacement pratique.
3 Cliquez sur le bouton Check Out.
Le projet est extrait vers l’emplacement que vous avez spécifié.
Après avoir extrait toutes les ressources média, vous pouvez ouvrir le fichier de projet,
reconnecter les fichiers de données et commencer la modification.
Si vous ne pensez pas modifier les fichiers de données, vous pouvez les exporter. Comme
il est possible d’exporter plusieurs fichiers, c’est le choix le plus rapide. Pour obtenir des
instructions relatives à l’exportation de fichiers de données, consultez « Exportation
d’une ressource de projet et de ses données » à la page 143.140 Chapitre 7 Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio
Modification d’un fichier de projet dans son application d’origine
Après l’extraction de la ressource de projet et l’extraction ou l’exportation des ressources
média du projet, vous pouvez ouvrir le fichier de projet dans son application d’origine.
Pour ouvrir un fichier de projet dans son application d’origine, procédez de l’une
des manières suivantes :
m Faites glisser le projet de l’emplacement dans lequel vous l’avez extrait vers l’icône
de l’application appropriée dans votre Dock.
m Ouvrez l’application d’origine, choisissez Fichier > Ouvrir, puis naviguez jusqu’au fichier
de projet.
Une fois le projet ouvert dans son application d’origine, vous pouvez le modifier. Assurezvous d’enregistrer régulièrement vos modifications.
Il est possible que vous deviez relier votre fichier de projet à ses fichiers de données.
Si vous obtenez un message de donnée offline ou à relier, vous saurez que le projet
doit être relié. Pour en savoir plus sur la manière de relier des fichiers de projet, consultez la documentation fournie avec l’application.
Reconnexion d’un projet Motion à ses fichiers de données
Lorsque vous ouvrez un fichier de projet pour la première fois avec des données qui
ne sont pas disponibles, une zone de dialogue apparaît, répertoriant tous les fichiers
de données impossibles à trouver. Vous pouvez afficher une zone de dialogue pour
naviguer directement jusqu’aux fichiers sans avoir à effectuer de recherche.
Pour reconnecter des fichiers de données Motion :
1 Dans la zone de dialogue répertoriant tous les fichiers de données impossibles à trouver,
cliquez sur Relier.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, naviguez jusqu’à l’emplacement de chaque
fichier, puis cliquez sur Open.
La donnée est reconnectée.
Pour en savoir plus sur la reconnexion de projets Motion, consultez la documentation
fournie avec l’application.
Reconnexion d’un projet Soundtrack Pro à ses fichiers de données
Lorsque vous ouvrez un projet multipiste Soundtrack Pro, l’application vérifie si les fichiers
de données utilisés par le projet se trouvent dans le même emplacement que lors de la
dernière ouverture du projet. Si les fichiers de données ne se trouvent pas dans l’emplacement prévu, Soundtrack Pro affiche une zone de dialogue Can’t Find File offrant trois choix :
 Tout ignorer : ouvre le projet sans reconnecter aucun fichier manquant.
 Ignorer le fichier : ouvre le projet sans reconnecter le fichier manquant.
 Rechercher l’emplacement : présente une zone de dialogue qui vous permet
de localiser le fichier manquant et de le reconnecter au projet.Chapitre 7 Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio 141
Pour reconnecter les fichiers de données Soundtrack Pro à l’aide de l’option Localiser :
1 Dans la zone de dialogue Can’t Find File, cliquez sur Rechercher l’emplacement.
2 La fenêtre qui apparaît affiche le nom de fichier qui doit être reconnecté en tant que titre
de la fenêtre. Dans l’explorateur de fichiers qui s’affiche dans la fenêtre, naviguez jusqu’à
l’emplacement du fichier.
3 Lorsque vous avez identifié l’emplacement du fichier, cliquez sur Open.
Le fichier est reconnecté.
Si vous choisissez d’ouvrir le projet dans Soundtrack Pro sans reconnecter ses fichiers,
vous pouvez reconnecter des fichiers audio individuels à partir de l’onglet Timeline
ou Chutier et reconnecter un fichier vidéo dans la piste vidéo de la Timeline.
Pour reconnecter un fichier audio ou vidéo dans Soundtrack Pro :
1 Cliquez sur le plan tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée dans la Timeline
ou la piste vidéo, puis choisissez Reconnecter [nom de fichier] dans le menu contextuel.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, localisez le fichier que vous souhaitez reconnecter.
3 Cliquez sur Open pour reconnecter le fichier.
Pour en savoir plus sur la reconnexion de projets Soundtrack Pro, consultez le Manuel
de l’utilisateur de Soundtrack Pro.
Reconnexion d’un projet DVD Studio Pro à ses fichiers de données
Si le fichier de projet et tous ses fichiers de données se trouvent dans le même dossier,
les projets DVD Studio Pro n’ont pas besoin d’être reconnectés. Toutefois, si vous ouvrez
un projet et que DVD Studio Pro ne peut pas localiser une ressource dans son emplacement d’origine, une fenêtre Fichiers manquants apparaît.
Pour localiser une ressource manquante lors de l’ouverture d’un projet DVD Studio Pro :
1 Sélectionnez la ressource dans la fenêtre Fichiers manquants.
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Cliquez sur Localiser et utilisez la fenêtre qui apparaît pour rechercher la ressource.
 Si la ressource est un fichier QuickTime et que sa version encodée au format MPEG-2
ou AIFF est disponible, vous pouvez cliquer sur « Remplacer par le fichier encodé ».
Pour en savoir plus sur la reconnexion de projets DVD Studio Pro, consultez le Manuel
de l’utilisateur de DVD Studio Pro. 142 Chapitre 7 Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio
Réintégration du projet et de ses fichiers de données reliées dans
Final Cut Server
Une fois le fichier de projet modifié, vous devez le réintégrer, avec ses fichiers de données reliées, dans Final Cut Server. Chaque ressource doit être réintégrée séparément.
Remarque : si vous avez ajouté toute nouvelle ressource à un projet, vous devez la
télécharger séparément. Pour en savoir plus, consultez « Téléchargement de projets
Final Cut Studio » à la page 43.
Pour réintégrer une ressource de projet :
1 Dans l’application d’origine du projet, enregistrez le projet dans l’emplacement d’extraction.
2 Dans l’application Final Cut Studio, enregistrez le projet et choisissez de collecter les
données. Dans Motion et Soundtrack Pro, vous pouvez le faire en choisissant Fichier >
Enregistrer sous, puis en choisissant de collecter les données dans la fenêtre Enregistrer sous. Dans DVD Studio Pro, vous devez placer manuellement le projet et les fichiers
de données dans un dossier.
Remarque : pour obtenir des informations spécifiques concernant l’utilisation
de ces applications, consultez la documentation fournie avec l’application.
Important : lors du téléchargement d’un fichier de projet DVD Studio Pro et de ses fichiers
de données reliées, il est inutile de télécharger les fichiers .par. Lorsque vous extrayez et que
vous ouvrez le projet dans DVD Studio Pro, les fichiers .par sont automatiquement recréés.
3 Dans Final Cut Server, réintégrez le fichier de projet en procédant de l’une des manières
suivantes :
 Sélectionnez la ressource de projet extraite dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou dans
une production, puis cliquez sur le bouton Check In de la barre d’outils.
 Cliquez sur le projet tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez
Check In dans le menu contextuel.
4 Si le contrôle de versions n’est pas activé pour la ressource, elle est réintégrée. Si le contrôle
de versions est activé pour la ressource, une fenêtre Check In apparaît. Si nécessaire, saisissez un commentaire de version, puis cliquez sur Check In.
Pour en savoir plus sur le contrôle de versions, consultez « Ajout de versions pour
une ressource média ou de projet » à la page 91.
Le fichier de projet Final Cut Studio est réintégré dans Final Cut Server.Chapitre 7 Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio 143
Pour réintégrer une ressource média :
1 Dans Final Cut Server, réintégrez le fichier en procédant de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Sélectionnez la ressource média extraite dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou dans
une production, puis cliquez sur le bouton Check In de la barre d’outils.
 Cliquez sur la ressource média extraite tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle
enfoncée, puis sélectionnez Check In dans le menu contextuel.
2 Si le contrôle de versions n’est pas activé pour la ressource, elle est réintégrée. Si le contrôle
de versions est activé pour la ressource, une fenêtre Check In apparaît. Si nécessaire, saisissez un commentaire de version, puis cliquez sur Check In.
Pour en savoir plus sur le contrôle de versions, consultez « Ajout de versions pour
une ressource média ou de projet » à la page 91.
La ressource média mise à jour est réintégrée dans Final Cut Server.
Exportation d’une ressource de projet et de ses données
Vous pouvez toujours exporter une copie d’une ressource de projet Final Cut Studio et
de ses fichiers de données téléchargés en tant que ressource regroupée ou une ressource
de projet et ses ressources média téléchargées en tant que ressources individuelles, même
si les ressources média ou de projet sont verrouillées ou extraites par un autre utilisateur.
Toutefois, il est important de noter que les fichiers de données ou de projet exportés ne
peuvent pas être réintégrés ni référencés d’une manière ou d’une autre vers les ressources
média ou de projet d’origine.
Si vous avez téléchargé le projet d’origine et ses fichiers de données en tant que ressource
regroupée, vous pouvez exporter la ressource regroupée en une étape. Si vous avez télé-
chargé le projet d’origine et ses fichiers de données en tant que ressources individuelles,
vous devez exporter la ressource de projet, puis exporter toutes les ressources média.
L’exportation de ressources média prend moins de temps que leur extraction, car vous
pouvez exporter plusieurs ressources depuis Final Cut Server.144 Chapitre 7 Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio
Pour exporter une copie d’une ressource regroupée :
1 Cliquez sur la ressource regroupée tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis sélectionnez Export dans le menu contextuel.
La fenêtre Save apparaît.
2 Dans la fenêtre Save, choisissez une destination pour y enregistrer la ressource regroupée exportée, en cliquant sur le bouton Choose et en identifiant un emplacement dans
l’explorateur de fichiers.
3 Ne choisissez pas de réglage de transcodage pour la ressource regroupée.
4 Cliquez sur le bouton Export.
Une copie du dossier contenu dans la ressource regroupée est exportée vers l’emplacement spécifié dans la fenêtre Export. Chapitre 7 Utilisation de projets Final Cut Studio 145
Pour exporter une ressource de projet Final Cut Studio et des ressources média
reliées téléchargées en tant que ressources individuelles :
1 Sélectionnez la ressource de projet et les ressources média. Si les ressources média et
de projet ont été créées selon la méthode recommandée, les ressources doivent être
regroupées dans une production Final Cut Server et avoir des métadonnées uniques
aux ressources média et de projet.
Pour en savoir plus sur la méthode recommandée pour le téléchargement d’un projet
Final Cut Studio et de ses fichiers de données en tant que ressources individuelles,
consultez « Téléchargement de projets Final Cut Studio » à la page 43.
Remarque : en activant la présentation par liste dans la sous-fenêtre Productions, vous
pouvez plus facilement cliquer sur une liste de ressources en appuyant sur la touche Maj.
2 Cliquez sur l’une des ressources sélectionnées en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis choisissez Export dans le menu contextuel.
La fenêtre Multiple Export apparaît.
3 Dans la fenêtre Multiple Export, choisissez une destination pour y enregistrer les ressources média en cliquant sur le bouton Choose et en identifiant un emplacement
dans l’explorateur de fichiers.
Remarque : pour éviter de perdre le suivi des projets exportés, vous pouvez créer un dossier pour le projet et ses données sur le bureau ou dans un autre emplacement pratique.
4 Ne choisissez pas de réglage de transcodage.
5 Cliquez sur le bouton Start.
Chacune des ressources sélectionnées est exportée vers l’emplacement que vous avez
spécifié dans la fenêtre Multiple Export. 8
147
8 Utilisation de métadonnées
Status dans le flux de travaux
Final Cut Server
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Utilisation de métadonnées Status pour le suivi des ressources et productions (p. 147)
 À propos de la fonction Review and Approve (p. 152)
 Utilisation de la fonction Review and Approve (p. 153)
Ce chapitre explique comment utiliser le champ de métadonnées Status pour faciliter
le suivi des ressources de votre flux de travaux Final Cut Server. Si votre organisation met
diligemment à jour le champ de métadonnées Status sur chacune de ses ressources et
productions, vous pouvez aisément rechercher chaque ressource et production se trouvant dans les différentes étapes du flux de travaux. Ce chapitre traite également de l’utilisation de courriers électroniques pour prévenir lorsqu’un champ de métadonnées Status est
défini sur Ready For Review.
Utilisation de métadonnées Status pour le suivi des ressources
et productions
Le champ de métadonnées Status est conçu pour indiquer l’endroit où se trouve
une ressource dans le flux de travaux Final Cut Server.
L’état de la ressource de
ce projet Final Cut Pro
est défini sur In Progress.148 Chapitre 8 Utilisation de métadonnées Status dans le flux de travaux Final Cut Server
Au fur et à mesure de la progression de votre travail, vous pouvez effectuer des recherches
pour localiser des ressources se trouvant dans une phase donnée du flux de travaux.
Final Cut Server est fourni avec plusieurs Smart Searches préconfigurées, qui vous permettent de rechercher facilement les ressources récemment modifiées ou celles dont le champ
de métadonnées Status est défini sur Ready for Review.
Cliquez sur cette Smart
Search pour afficher
toutes les ressources
dont l’état est défini
sur Ready for Review.
Smart Search modifie
le réglage Status dans
la recherche avancée.
Cliquez sur cette Smart
Search pour afficher toutes les ressources que
vous avez extraites.
Smart Search modifie
le réglage Checked Out
By dans la recherche
avancée.Chapitre 8 Utilisation de métadonnées Status dans le flux de travaux Final Cut Server 149
Vous pouvez configurer votre propre recherche à l’aide des options de recherche avancée.
Par exemple, vous pouvez rechercher des ressources dont le champ de métadonnées Status
est défini sur In Progress.
Après avoir configuré une recherche, vous pouvez l’enregistrer en tant que Smart Search.
Cela vous permet d’accéder à la recherche en cliquant simplement dessus dans la liste
des Smart Searches.
Cliquez sur ce bouton pour enregistrer le réglage de recherche
actuel en tant que Smart Search.
Pour ce faire, définissez
le champ Status sur
In Progress.
Si vous cliquez sur le
bouton Save as Smart
Search, vous ajoutez une
nouvelle Smart Search,
à laquelle vous pouvez
ensuite attribuer un nom.150 Chapitre 8 Utilisation de métadonnées Status dans le flux de travaux Final Cut Server
Application de métadonnées Status à une ressource ou une production
Lorsque vous téléchargez le fichier ou après la création de la ressource ou de la production,
vous pouvez appliquer des métadonnées d’état ou d’autres métadonnées.
Important : lorsque vous appliquez des métadonnées à une ressource ou une production,
elles ne sont pas appliquées à d’autres ressources associées. Par exemple, si vous modifiez
l’état d’un projet Final Cut Pro, l’état de chacune des ressources média reliées ne change pas.
Pour modifier les métadonnées Status d’une ressource ou d’une production :
1 Dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou Productions, double-cliquez sur la ressource
ou la production pour afficher sa fenêtre d’information.
2 Cliquez sur Metadata pour afficher la sous-fenêtre Metadata .
3 Cliquez sur Asset pour afficher le groupe de métadonnées Asset.
En fonction de l’ensemble de métadonnées qui s’applique à la ressource ou à
la production, plusieurs groupes de métadonnées s’affichent.
Cliquez sur Metadata pour afficher
les ensembles de métadonnées
de la ressource et leurs champs.
Cliquez sur Asset pour
afficher le groupe de
métadonnées Asset.Chapitre 8 Utilisation de métadonnées Status dans le flux de travaux Final Cut Server 151
4 Choisissez le réglage Status approprié dans le menu local Status.
5 Cliquez sur le bouton Save Changes.
Les métadonnées sont modifiées.
Recherche de ressources ou de productions à l’aide de métadonnées Status
Après avoir défini l’état d’une ressource ou d’une production, vous pouvez rechercher
des métadonnées d’état pour trouver toutes les ressources ou productions contenant
un réglage de métadonnées Status donné.
Pour rechercher des ressources ou productions par état :
1 Dans la sous-fenêtre Assets ou Productions, cliquez sur le triangle d’affichage
de recherche pour afficher les options de recherche avancée.
2 Choisissez un réglage de métadonnées Status à rechercher dans le menu local Status.
3 Cliquez sur le bouton Search.
Les résultats de la recherche s’affichent dans la partie principale de la fenêtre.
Choisissez un réglage
d’état dans le menu local
Status.
Cliquez sur Save Changes.
Cliquez sur le triangle d’affichage pour afficher les réglages de recherche avancée.
Une fois les réglages de
recherche configurés, cliquez
sur le bouton Search.
Choisissez un réglage
Status à rechercher.152 Chapitre 8 Utilisation de métadonnées Status dans le flux de travaux Final Cut Server
Utilisation de Smart Searches pour localiser des éléments Ready for Review
Final Cut Server est fourni avec une Smart Search configurée pour rechercher des ressources et productions dont le champ de métadonnées Status est défini sur Ready for Review.
Pour rechercher des ressources ou productions dont le champ de métadonnées
Status est défini sur Ready for Review :
m Cliquez sur Assets ready for review ou sur Productions ready for review dans la liste
des Smart Searches.
À propos de la fonction Review and Approve
La fonction Review and Approve est utilisée conjointement avec le champ de métadonnées
Status. Lorsqu’une ressource est prête à être révisée, vous pouvez aisément définir le champ
de métadonnées Status de la ressource sur Ready for Review, ajouter des commentaires
de forme et envoyer un courrier de notification aux réviseurs requis à partir du client
Final Cut Server. À l’aide des informations contenues dans le courrier électronique,
les réviseurs peuvent rechercher, afficher, annoter et approuver des ressources sans
avoir à télécharger des fichiers volumineux.
Smart Searches pour
la sous-fenêtre Assets.
Smart Searches pour la
sous-fenêtre Productions.
Choix de métadonnées
Status pour une ressource.Chapitre 8 Utilisation de métadonnées Status dans le flux de travaux Final Cut Server 153
Important : votre administrateur Final Cut Server doit configurer cette fonction avant
que celle-ci puisse être utilisée comme décrit dans cette rubrique.
Utilisation de la fonction Review and Approve
Lorsque que votre administrateur Final Cut Server a installé Final Cut Server, il a configuré la fonction Review and Approve pour répondre aux besoins de votre organisation.
Les options que l’administrateur a pu configurer consistent, entre autres, à écrire le texte
du courrier électronique et à faire en sorte que les commentaires de l’éditeur (saisis dans
la sous-fenêtre Review & Approve) et d’autres métadonnées apparaissent dans le corps
du courrier de notification.
L’administrateur choisit également l’une des trois méthodes permettant de spécifier qui
est défini comme réviseur requis et qui reçoit par conséquent les courriers électroniques
Review and Approve. Les courriers électroniques peuvent être adressés à une liste de destinataires définie par l’administrateur, à des adresses saisies manuellement par l’utilisateur
dans le champ Required reviewers ou à ces deux catégories.
Remarque : ces exemples vous présentent des méthodes de saisie manuelle des adresses
électroniques. Selon la façon dont votre système Final Cut Server a été configuré, votre
administrateur peut créer un menu local à utiliser pour attribuer des adresses électroniques. Pour en savoir plus, contactez votre administrateur Final Cut Server.
Important : il est difficile, pour un utilisateur client Final Cut Server, de déterminer
si la fonction Review and Approve a été configurée et si oui, de distinguer laquelle
de ces trois approches est utilisée par votre système Final Cut Server. Votre administrateur Final Cut Server doit être votre premier interlocuteur pour toute question sur l’utilisation de la fonction Review and Approve dans votre système Final Cut Server.
Cliquez sur Review & Approve
pour saisir des commentaires
et des adresses électroniques.
Selon la manière dont
votre administrateur a
configuré la fonction
Review and Approve,
vous pouvez saisir des
commentaires et des
adresses électroniques ici.
Vous pouvez définir l’état
dans la sous-fenêtre
Metadata ou
Review & Approve.154 Chapitre 8 Utilisation de métadonnées Status dans le flux de travaux Final Cut Server
Envoi de courriers électroniques pour la révision aux réviseurs définis
par l’administrateur
Dans cette configuration, l’administrateur Final Cut Server saisit manuellement l’adresse
électronique de chaque réviseur requis lors de la configuration. Ainsi, l’utilisateur de
Final Cut Server ne voit pas la liste des réviseurs requis et ne peut pas saisir manuellement les adresses électroniques dans le champ Required reviewers de la sous-fenêtre
Review & Approve.
Lorsque les adresses électroniques ont été saisies manuellement par l’administrateur,
les notifications par courrier sont automatiquement envoyées dès que le champ de
métadonnées Status est défini sur Ready for Review (et dès que la ressource est modifiée lorsqu’elle est définie sur Ready for Review).
Cette configuration est plus adaptée si vous savez que le même ensemble de réviseurs
doit recevoir des notifications par courrier Review and Approve pour toutes les ressources. Par ailleurs, avec cette configuration, vous n’avez pas besoin de saisir les adresses
électroniques des réviseurs requis. Si vous le faites, ces adresses sont ignorées.
Pour envoyer des notifications par courrier Review and Approve à un ensemble
de réviseurs définis :
1 Localisez la ressource ou le projet à envoyer à la révision dans la sous-fenêtre Assets
ou Productions, puis double-cliquez sur la ressource ou le projet pour afficher sa fenêtre
d’information.
2 Dans la fenêtre d’information de la ressource ou du projet, ouvrez la sous-fenêtre
Review & Approve.
Ouvrez la sous-fenêtre
Review & Approve.Chapitre 8 Utilisation de métadonnées Status dans le flux de travaux Final Cut Server 155
3 Si vous souhaitez ajouter des notes au courrier électronique, vous pouvez les saisir dans
le champ Editor’s comments.
4 Lorsque vous êtes prêt à envoyer la notification par courrier aux réviseurs requis,
définissez le champ de métadonnées Status sur Ready for Review.
Remarque : ce champ est disponible à la fois dans la sous-fenêtre Metadata
et dans la sous-fenêtre Review & Approve.
5 Cliquez sur le bouton Save Changes en bas de la sous-fenêtre Review & Approve.
Cela envoie le courrier de notification.
Remarque : votre administrateur Final Cut Server contrôle qui peut recevoir des courriers
électroniques au sein du système Final Cut Server. Pour ajouter des adresses électroniques
à Final Cut Server, contactez votre administrateur.
Saisie manuelle des adresses électroniques des réviseurs
Dans cette configuration, l’utilisateur de Final Cut Server doit saisir manuellement l’adresse
électronique complète de chaque réviseur requis.
Une fois les adresses électroniques saisies, l’enregistrement des modifications entraîne
l’envoi du courrier électronique Review & Approve. Le courrier électronique est envoyé
uniquement lorsque les modifications sont enregistrées.
Cette configuration permet à l’utilisateur de choisir les destinataires du courrier électronique et la fréquence d’envoi des courriers électroniques de révision. Elle est toutefois
moins automatisée, ce qui accroît le travail de l’utilisateur.
Saisissez des commentaires dans le champ Editor’s comments.
Lorsque vous êtes prêt
à envoyer la notification
par courrier, cliquez
sur Save Changes.156 Chapitre 8 Utilisation de métadonnées Status dans le flux de travaux Final Cut Server
Pour définir manuellement les destinataires des notifications par courrier Review
and Approve :
1 Localisez la ressource ou le projet à envoyer à la révision et double-cliquez dessus
pour afficher sa fenêtre d’information.
2 Dans la fenêtre d’information de la ressource ou du projet, ouvrez la sous-fenêtre
Review & Approve.
3 Si vous souhaitez ajouter des notes au courrier électronique, vous pouvez les saisir dans
le champ Editor’s comments.
4 Saisissez l’adresse électronique complète de chacun des réviseurs requis pour cette
ressource dans le champ Required reviewers.
5 Lorsque vous êtes prêt à envoyer les notifications par courrier aux réviseurs requis,
définissez l’état du champ de métadonnées sur Ready for Review.
Remarque : ce champ est disponible à la fois dans la sous-fenêtre Metadata
et dans la sous-fenêtre Review & Approve.
6 Cliquez sur le bouton Save Changes en bas à droite de la sous-fenêtre Review & Approve.
Le courrier de notification est envoyé à chacune des adresses saisies dans le champ
Required reviewers.
Saisissez l’adresse électronique complète de
chacun des réviseurs.
Lorsque vous êtes prêt
à envoyer la notification
par courrier, cliquez
sur Save Changes.Chapitre 8 Utilisation de métadonnées Status dans le flux de travaux Final Cut Server 157
Utilisation de réviseurs définis par l’administrateur et de réviseurs
dont l’adresse électronique est saisie manuellement
Une approche hybride permet à la fois à l’administrateur Final Cut Server de saisir une
liste statique de réviseurs requis et à l’utilisateur de saisir manuellement des adresses
électroniques supplémentaires dans le champ Required reviewers. L’administrateur et
l’utilisateur peuvent ainsi tous deux définir les destinataires des courriers de notification.
Pour définir manuellement les destinataires des notifications par courrier Review
and Approve :
1 Localisez la ressource ou le projet à envoyer à la révision et double-cliquez dessus
pour afficher sa fenêtre d’information.
2 Dans la fenêtre d’information de la ressource ou du projet, ouvrez la sous-fenêtre
Review & Approve.
3 Si vous souhaitez ajouter des notes au courrier électronique, saisissez-les dans le champ
Editor’s comments.
4 Saisissez une adresse électronique complète pour chacun des réviseurs requis.
Les adresses que vous saisissez sont ajoutées à la liste des réviseurs configurée par votre
administrateur Final Cut Server.
Important : n’oubliez pas que votre administrateur Final Cut Server a également défini
une liste de réviseurs qui recevront chaque courrier électronique envoyé à partir de
la sous-fenêtre Review & Approve. Veillez à ne pas envoyer de courriers électroniques
en double aux réviseurs en ajoutant manuellement leur adresse dans la sous-fenêtre
Review & Approve.
Saisissez une adresse
électronique complète
pour chacun des
réviseurs requis.
Lorsque vous êtes prêt
à envoyer la notification
par courrier, cliquez
sur Save Changes.158 Chapitre 8 Utilisation de métadonnées Status dans le flux de travaux Final Cut Server
5 Lorsque vous êtes prêt à envoyer les notifications par courrier aux réviseurs requis,
définissez l’état du champ de métadonnées sur Ready for Review.
Remarque : ce champ est disponible à la fois dans la sous-fenêtre Metadata et dans
la sous-fenêtre Review & Approve.
6 Cliquez sur le bouton Save Changes en bas à droite de la sous-fenêtre Review & Approve.
Le courrier de notification est envoyé à chacune des adresses saisie dans le champ
Required reviewers et à chacun des réviseurs requis saisis par défaut par votre administrateur Final Cut Server.9
159
9 Exportation, archivage et suppression des ressources et des projets
terminés
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Sortie d’un projet final (p. 159)
 Archivage et restauration de ressources média (p. 162)
 Suppression de ressources Final Cut Server (p. 164)
Ce chapitre décrit les étapes finales de l’utilisation d’une ressource : sortie d’une copie
finale et création de copies de sauvegarde pour la ressource. Il explique également
comment supprimer des ressources et des productions dans Final Cut Server.
Sortie d’un projet final
Vous pouvez utiliser la commande Export afin de créer une sortie des ressources média
et de projet. Vous pouvez exporter les ressources sur un disque externe ou tout autre
périphérique de sauvegarde ou les exporter sur votre système local, puis déplacer les
fichiers souhaités à l’aide de Finder.
Si vous exportez une ressource média, vous avez la possibilité de transcoder cette
ressource durant l’exportation. Toutefois, le transcodage des ressources de projet
et des ressources regroupées Final Cut Studio n’est pas recommandé.
La méthode d’exportation de votre ressource média ou de projet finale dépend du type
de ressource. Ce chapitre présente les étapes d’exportation d’un projet Final Cut Pro ou
d’une ressource de projet Final Cut Studio ou autre, ainsi que des ressources média, d’un
fichier de données et de la ressource regroupée associés.
Important : lorsque vous exportez une ressource à partir de Final Cut Server, Final Cut Server
n’en assure plus le suivi.160 Chapitre 9 Exportation, archivage et suppression des ressources et des projets terminés
Exportation d’une ressource média
L’exportation d’une ressource média individuelle est très simple.
Pour exporter une ressource média individuelle :
1 Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez
Export dans le menu contextuel.
La fenêtre Export s’affiche.
2 Dans cette fenêtre, choisissez l’endroit où vous souhaitez enregistrer la ressource
média, en cliquant sur le bouton Choose et en recherchant l’emplacement souhaité
dans le navigateur de fichiers.
3 Si nécessaire, sélectionnez un réglage de transcodage.
4 Cliquez sur le bouton Export.
La ressource média est exportée à l’emplacement spécifié dans la fenêtre Export.
Cliquez sur Export.
Cliquez sur le bouton Choose
pour changer l’emplacement
d’exportation.
Si nécessaire, sélectionnez
un réglage de transcodage.Chapitre 9 Exportation, archivage et suppression des ressources et des projets terminés 161
Exportation d’un projet Final Cut Pro et des ressources média associées
Vous pouvez exporter une ressource de projet Final Cut Pro et toutes ses ressources
média lors d’une même opération.
Pour exporter une copie d’un projet Final Cut Pro et les ressources média associées :
1 Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez
Export dans le menu contextuel.
La fenêtre Export s’ouvre dans Final Cut Pro.
2 Dans cette fenêtre Final Cut Pro, sélectionnez l’emplacement souhaité pour l’enregistrement du fichier de projet Final Cut Pro exporté et ses ressources média. Pour ce faire,
cliquez sur le bouton Choose et recherchez l’emplacement souhaité dans le navigateur
de fichiers.
3 Si la fonction Edit Proxy n’est pas activée, les données d’origine seront utilisées par défaut.
Si cette fonction est activée, sélectionnez Original Media ou Edit Proxy, dans le menu
local Use. Ceci permet de définir le type de données exportées.
4 Cochez la case Keep Media with Project pour inclure les fichiers de données dans
l’exportation.
Important : si vous ne sélectionnez pas cette option, seule la ressource de projet
Final Cut Pro sera exportée.
5 Cliquez sur le bouton Export.
Une copie du projet est exportée à l’emplacement que vous avez spécifié dans
la fenêtre Export de Final Cut Pro.
Remarque : une fois l’exportation terminée, le suivi du projet et des fichiers de données
n’est plus assuré par Final Cut Server.
Exportation d’une ressource regroupée Final Cut Studio
Lorsque vous avez téléchargé le fichier de projet Final Cut Studio et ses fichiers de données,
vous avez choisi de télécharger une ressource regroupée (fichier de projet et fichiers
de données) ou le fichier de projet et chacun de ses fichiers de données sous forme
de ressources indépendantes. Si vous avez téléchargé une ressource regroupée, vous
pouvez à nouveau l’exporter en une seule opération très simple.
Pour exporter une ressource regroupée :
1 Cliquez sur la ressource regroupée tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis sélectionnez Export dans le menu contextuel.
La fenêtre Export s’affiche.
2 Dans cette fenêtre, choisissez l’endroit où vous souhaitez enregistrer la ressource
regroupée, en cliquant sur le bouton Choose et en recherchant l’emplacement souhaité
dans le navigateur de fichiers.162 Chapitre 9 Exportation, archivage et suppression des ressources et des projets terminés
3 Cliquez sur le bouton Export.
Le dossier contenu dans la ressource regroupée est exporté à l’emplacement que vous
avez spécifié dans la fenêtre Export.
Exportation d’un projet Final Cut Studio et de ressources média
individuelles
Si vous avez téléchargé une ressource de projet Final Cut Studio et ses ressources média
en tant que ressources individuelles, vous devez exporter la ressource de projet, puis toutes les ressources média séparément.
Pour exporter une copie d’une ressource de projet Final Cut Studio et les ressources
média associées :
1 Sélectionnez la ressource de projet Final Cut Studio et toutes les ressources média associées.
Remarque : pour sélectionner plus facilement une liste de ressources média (Maj + Clic),
passez en vue Liste dans la sous-fenêtre Productions.
2 Cliquez sur l’une des ressources sélectionnées en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis choisissez Export dans le menu contextuel.
La fenêtre Multiple Export s’affiche.
3 Dans cette fenêtre, choisissez l’endroit où vous souhaitez enregistrer les fichiers de
données, en cliquant sur le bouton Choose et en recherchant l’emplacement souhaité
dans le navigateur de fichiers.
Remarque : pour effectuer un suivi efficace des projets exportés, vous pouvez créer
un dossier spécifique au projet et à ses ressources média, sur le bureau ou à l’emplacement de votre choix.
4 Ne sélectionnez aucun réglage de transcodage.
5 Cliquez sur le bouton Start.
Tous les fichiers de données sélectionnés sont exportés à l’emplacement que vous avez
spécifié dans la fenêtre Multiple Export.
Archivage et restauration de ressources média
Vous pouvez déplacer la représentation principale d’une ressource média sur le périphérique d’archivage installé par votre administrateur Final Cut Server. Étant donné que seule
la représentation principale est déplacée, la ressource figure toujours dans le catalogue
Final Cut Server ; vous pouvez ainsi toujours la localiser et effectuer des recherches dans
ses métadonnées. Cette procédure permet de conserver en lieu sûr le fichier de la repré-
sentation principale, qui ne peut alors être ni téléchargé, ni modifié.Chapitre 9 Exportation, archivage et suppression des ressources et des projets terminés 163
Si vous essayez d’archiver une ressource média alors que celle-ci est en cours d’utilisation
par une ressource de projet, une zone de dialogue s’affiche, vous demandant si vous souhaitez poursuivre l’opération d’archivage. Si vous choisissez de continuer, la ressource
média ne sera plus disponible pour le projet.
Si vous avez des questions concernant l’archivage, contactez votre administrateur
Final Cut Server.
Pour archiver une ressource :
m Cliquez sur la ressource média tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez Archive to et choisissez un périphérique d’archivage dans le menu contextuel.
La ressource média est archivée et l’icône d’archive apparaît sur sa vignette.164 Chapitre 9 Exportation, archivage et suppression des ressources et des projets terminés
Pour restaurer une ressource média et retirer du périphérique d’archivage la représentation principale de cette ressource :
m Cliquez sur la ressource archivée tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis choisissez Restore dans le menu contextuel.
L’icône d’archive disparaît, indiquant que la représentation principale de la ressource a été
retirée du périphérique d’archivage. La ressource média est de nouveau disponible et peut
être utilisée.
Suppression de ressources Final Cut Server
Lorsque vous supprimez une ressource dans Final Cut Server, vous supprimez le fichier
de représentation principale de cette ressource, les fichiers proxy créés pour cette ressource et toutes les métadonnées qui lui sont associées. Une ressource peut parfois être
associée à plusieurs projets ou ressources Final Cut Pro ; toute opération de suppression
doit donc faire l’objet de précautions. Ne supprimez des ressources Final Cut Server que
si vous êtes certain qu’elles ne servent plus à personne.
Vous pouvez afficher les ressources média ou de projet auxquelles une ressource donnée
est associée dans la sous-fenêtre Resources de la fenêtre d’information de cette ressource.
La procédure ci-dessous indique comment supprimer une ressource média, une ressource
regroupée ou une ressource de projet Final Cut Pro.
Les autres ressources
utilisant cette ressource
sont répertoriées dans
la liste Instances.Chapitre 9 Exportation, archivage et suppression des ressources et des projets terminés 165
Pour supprimer une ressource média ou regroupée du catalogue Final Cut Server :
1 Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez
Delete dans le menu contextuel.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’affiche, cliquez sur Delete.
La ressource est supprimée du catalogue Final Cut Server.
Pour supprimer une ressource de projet Final Cut Pro du catalogue Final Cut Server :
1 Cliquez sur la ressource tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis sélectionnez
Delete dans le menu contextuel.
Une zone de dialogue vous indiquant les ressources et les fichiers qui seront supprimés
s’affiche.
2 Lisez attentivement ce message et confirmez que vous souhaitez bien supprimer
tous les fichiers et ressources associés à la ressource de projet Final Cut Pro.
3 Lorsque vous êtes prêt, cliquez sur Delete.
La ressource Final Cut Pro et toutes ses ressources associées sont supprimées
du catalogue Final Cut Server. 167
Glossaire
Glossaire
affiche Une affiche est un fichier proxy JPEG généré à partir du fichier de représentation
principale d’une ressource média, lors du téléchargement. Consultez proxy.
archive Lorsque vous avez terminé un projet ou une production, vous pouvez utiliser la
fonction d’archive pour déplacer les ressources, de leur périphérique de stockage actuel
vers un périphérique d’archivage, par exemple un disque FireWire, un disque de plus
grande capacité, mais plus lent, ou un autre volume où l’espace disque ne manque pas.
Les ressources figureront toujours dans le catalogue Final Cut Server, dans un état inactif.
Elles peuvent être restaurées à tout moment en cas de besoin.
automatisation Final Cut Server prend en charge une grande variété de fonctions d’automatisation, ce qui permet de configurer Final Cut Server pour effectuer de nombreuses
tâches automatiquement.
cache Si vous souhaitez utiliser une ressource du catalogue Final Cut Server sur un ordinateur client, celui-ci doit disposer d’une copie locale de la ressource. Final Cut Server possède
une zone de cache sur l’ordinateur client, dont il se sert pour stocker les copies locales des
ressources. Vous pouvez choisir l’emplacement et la taille de ce cache dans la fenêtre Preferences du client.
catalogue Le catalogue est un ensemble de ressources gérées par Final Cut Server.
client L’interaction entre l’utilisateur et le catalogue Final Cut Server se fait à l’aide
d’un client Final Cut Server. Les clients Final Cut Server sont des applications Java
pouvant être exécutées sur les ordinateurs fonctionnant sous le système d’exploitation
Mac OS X, Windows XP ou Windows Vista.
données préparées Dans Final Cut Server, vous pouvez préparer des fichiers de données
que vous utiliserez ultérieurement dans un nouveau projet Final Cut Pro. Lorsque vous
sélectionnez un ou plusieurs fichiers de données, puis choisissez « Prepare for Disconnected Use », des copies d’alias des fichiers placés dans le cache sont créées à l’emplacement
spécifié. Par la suite, lorsque votre ordinateur se retrouve déconnecté de Final Cut Server,
vous pouvez utiliser les fichiers de données préparés pour créer un nouveau projet
Final Cut Pro.168 Glossaire
Edit Proxy Lors du téléchargement, un fichier Edit Proxy peut être créé pour les fichiers
vidéo téléchargés sur Final Cut Server dans le cadre d’un projet Final Cut Pro. Les fichiers
Edit Proxy sont utilisés lors de l’extraction d’un projet Final Cut Pro. Notez que les fichiers
Edit Proxy ne sont pas créés automatiquement ; l’administrateur Final Cut Server doit
d’abord activer la fonction Edit Proxy pour pouvoir générer ce type de fichier. Consultez
proxy.
edit-in-place Généralement, lorsque vous souhaitez utiliser une ressource du catalogue
Final Cut Server sur un ordinateur client, celui-ci doit disposer d’une copie locale de la ressource. Il existe toutefois une exception, lorsque le périphérique qui contient la ressource
est configuré comme périphérique « edit-in-place » et qu’il est monté en tant que volume
sur l’ordinateur client. L’exemple le plus courant de cette situation est le système Xsan,
qui prend en charge une bande passante de données suffisamment élevée pour pouvoir
transférer les données vidéo en temps réel. Consultez Xsan.
élément Les ressources de projet Final Cut Pro contiennent une liste de ressources média
qui sont reliées, ou associées, au fichier de projet Final Cut Pro. Les éléments de projet
Final Cut Pro peuvent inclure les fichiers de données et les séquences Final Cut Pro.
ensemble de métadonnées Final Cut Server organise les métadonnées en ensembles.
Ces ensembles contiennent des groupes de métadonnées, qui eux-mêmes contiennent
des trames de métadonnées.
fichier d’alias Un fichier d’alias est un petit fichier qui représente un autre fichier. Dans
Final Cut Server, vous pouvez préparer des fichiers de données que vous utiliserez ultérieurement dans un nouveau projet Final Cut Pro. Lorsque vous sélectionnez un ou plusieurs
fichiers de données et choisissez « Prepare for Disconnected Use », des copies d’alias des
fichiers placés dans le cache sont créées à l’emplacement spécifié.
fichier géré Lorsque vous extrayez une ressource, Final Cut Server crée une copie gérée
du fichier. Ce fichier géré peut être modifié, puis réintégré pour mettre à jour la ressource
d’origine. Consultez fichier non géré.
fichier non géré Lorsque vous copiez ou exportez un fichier, Final Cut Server crée une
copie non gérée de ce fichier. Ce fichier non géré peut être modifié, puis réintégré pour
mettre à jour la ressource d’origine. Si vous souhaitez effectuer le suivi d’un fichier non
géré dans Final Cut Server, vous devez d’abord le télécharger et créer une nouvelle ressource. Consultez fichier géré.
métadonnées Les métadonnées sont des informations relatives à un fichier. Dans
Final Cut Server, les métadonnées servent à décrire le fichier de représentation principale
de la ressource, ainsi que la ressource elle-même.
périphérique Les périphériques sont des emplacements de stockage. Il peut s’agir
de dossiers sur un volume local de serveur, de volumes en réseau ou encore de dossiers
de volume Xsan.Glossaire 169
production Pour faciliter l’organisation des ressources dans votre catalogue
Final Cut Server, vous pouvez créer des productions. Chaque production peut contenir
une ou plusieurs ressources. En outre, une ressource peut appartenir à plusieurs productions. Par exemple, vous pouvez créer une production contenant tous les fichiers
d’un client et une autre contenant uniquement les fichiers de ce client utilisés dans
le cadre d’un épisode ou d’une publicité spécifique.
projet Dans la création d’un projet, plusieurs applications Final Cut Studio utilisent des
fichiers de projet, qui eux-mêmes utilisent un ou plusieurs fichiers de données associés.
Final Cut Server assure le suivi des fichiers de projet à l’aide de ressources de projet.
proxy Les images et les fichiers vidéo peuvent être très volumineux, ce qui rend leur
manipulation difficile. Final Cut Server crée automatiquement des fichiers proxy lors
du processus d’analyse, lorsque vous ajoutez des ressources à son catalogue. Ces fichiers
proxy peuvent être utilisés à la place des véritables fichiers, dans les opérations de modification et de révision. Consultez proxy de plan, Edit Proxy, affiche, vignette.
Proxy de plan Lors du téléchargement, Final Cut Server crée automatiquement un fichier
de proxy de plan basse résolution pour les ressources vidéo. Le proxy de plan est utilisé à la
place du véritable fichier vidéo, lors de la visualisation de la ressource dans Final Cut Server.
Consultez proxy.
réglages de transcodage Final Cut Server utilise les réglages de transcodage pour
convertir une ressource média, en passant de son codec actuel à un autre. La plupart du
temps, vous utilisez les réglages de transcodage pour convertir une ressource en une autre,
plus petite et plus facile à lire. Les réglages de transcodage pour les ressources vidéo et
audio proviennent de Compressor (installé sur le serveur). Les réglages de transcodage pour
les images sont internes à Final Cut Server.
représentation principale Fichier de données original téléchargé dans Final Cut Server.
ressource Final Cut Server crée une ressource pour chaque fichier de données ou de
projet téléchargé. Une ressource contient le fichier de représentation principale (fichier
téléchargé) et, parfois, un ou plusieurs fichiers de proxy.
ressource regroupée Dans Final Cut Server, vous pouvez télécharger un dossier de fichiers
sous forme de ressource regroupée. Cette ressource regroupée contient tous les fichiers
du dossier, ainsi que les fichiers auxquels il est impossible d’accéder depuis Final Cut Server.
Les ressources regroupées servent au suivi des ressources de projet Soundtrack Pro, Motion
et DVD Studio Pro, ainsi que des fichiers de données associés.
tâches Terme désignant toute action exécutée par Final Cut Server sur une ressource.
Ces actions incluent le téléchargement, la copie et le transcodage d’une ressource.170 Glossaire
transcodage L’opération de transcodage permet de convertir une ressource média en
passant d’un codec à un autre. Final Cut Server utilise les codecs vidéo et audio fournis
par Compressor. Consultez réglages de transcodage.
version Final Cut Server peut être configuré de manière à conserver les versions précédentes d’une sélection de ressources, ce qui rend possible la restauration d’une version anté-
rieure, si nécessaire. Si vous extrayez une ressource à partir du catalogue Final Cut Server,
puis la modifiez et la réintégrez, Final Cut Server copie tout d’abord la version actuelle sur le
périphérique où elle se situe, puis copie la nouvelle version à l’endroit où la version actuelle
se trouvait.
vignette Dans la fenêtre principale de Final Cut Server, vous pouvez afficher les ressources
ou les productions dans une vue Liste ou Vignette. Dans la vue Vignette, chaque ressource
est représentée par une image miniature. Cette image provient du fichier proxy de vignette
de la ressource (fichier proxy JPEG généré à partir du fichier de représentation principale de
la ressource média, lors du téléchargement). Consultez proxy.
Xsan Un réseau de stockage (SAN) Xsan Apple est un périphérique qui offre un accès rapide
aux fichiers de données. Les périphériques Xsan prennent en charge la fonction edit-in-place
lorsque vous vous connectez via un réseau Fibre Channel. Consultez edit-in-place. 171
Index
Index
A
affichage des ressources 89
affiche 35
aide, utilisation à l’écran 9
annotations
ajout 99
à propos 99–102
fenêtre 26
remplacement du texte 101
suppression 102
archivage des ressources 162
Assets, sous-fenêtre
configuration de l’affichage 19
icônes 20
introduction 17
assistance AppleCare 11
automatisations 167
C
cache 108
ajout d’une ressource 110
à propos 109–111
expiré 111
client. Consultez client Final Cut Server
client Final Cut Server
installation 15
tableau des actions 84
clients, à propos 7
courrier électronique, Review and Approve,
fonction 152–158
D
déconnexion de Final Cut Server
projets Final Cut Pro 130–133
ressources média 113–116
déverrouillage des ressources 94–98
dossiers
téléchargement du contenu en tant que
ressources 44
téléchargement en tant que ressources
regroupées 44
Downloads & Uploads, fenêtre
introduction 27
duplication d’une ressource 103
E
edit-in-place 104, 168
mise en cache 109
projets Final Cut Pro et 123
elements
sous-fenêtre Elements 40
éléments
à propos 40
ensembles de métadonnées
présentation 32
exportation
groupe Final Cut Studio 161
projet et ressources Final Cut Pro 133, 161
projet et ressources Final Cut Studio 162
projets Final Cut Studio 143–145
ressources finales et projets 159
ressources média 117, 160
extraction et réintégration 111–113
projets Final Cut Pro 124–129
ressources 111–113
F
fenêtre d’information
production 25
projet Final Cut Pro 24
projet Final Cut Studio 24
ressource 23
fenêtre d’information de la ressource
Action, menu local 58
détails 85–88
fenêtre d’information 88
ouverture 58
sous-fenêtre Assets 86
sous-fenêtre Locks 87
sous-fenêtre Metadata 86, 87, 88
sous-fenêtre Review & Approve 88
sous-fenêtre Versions 87
fenêtre d’information du projet Final Cut Pro
à propos 89
sous-fenêtre Elements 40172 Index
fenêtre Downloads & Uploads
effacement 105
ouverture 105
utilisation 105
fenêtre Link Upload 47
fenêtre Multiple Link Upload 50
fenêtre Multiple Upload 37
fenêtre Preferences
ouverture 107
préférences de cache 108
préférences de recherche 107
utilisation 107–108
fenêtre Search All Jobs
utilisation 80–81, 105
fenêtre Search Devices
à propos de son contenu 78
astuces de recherche 79
utilisation 78–79
fenêtre Upload 37
fichier géré 168
fichier non géré 168
fichier proxy de plan 35
fichiers d’alias 114, 168
fichiers de données préparés 167
fichiers du proxy de modification
extraction de projets Final Cut Pro 124
fichiers Edit Proxy
à propos 168
extraction d’un projet Final Cut Pro 39
fichiers proxy 34, 169
affiche 35
Edit Proxy 39
proxy de plan 35
vignette 35
Final Cut Pro
Check In, fenêtre 128
Check Out, fenêtre 125
utilisation avec Final Cut Server 121–122
Final Cut Pro, projets
exportation 133, 161
Final Cut Server
aide 9
documentation imprimée 9
edit-in-place 104
flux de travaux 14
installation du client 15
interface utilisateur 15–30
manuels de l’utilisateur à l’écran 9
ordinateur dont l’activité est suspendue 34
préférences 107–108
présentation 7–8
sites web 10
utilisation avec Final Cut Pro 121–122
vue d’ensemble des opérations 8
vue d’ensemble du catalogue 53–59
G
Gestionnaire de données 127
groupes
projets Final Cut Studio, exportation 161
I
interface utilisateur
fenêtre Annotations, introduction 26
fenêtre Downloads & Uploads, introduction 27
fenêtre Preferences, introduction 29
fenêtre principale 15
fenêtres d’information 23–25
fenêtre Search All Jobs, introduction 27
fenêtre Search Devices, introduction 28
icônes de ressource 20
introduction 15–30
introduction aux menus contextuels 30
K
Keep Media with Project, case à cocher 131
M
Menu local Action 58
menus contextuels
introduction 30
versions 93
métadonnées
affichage 65
à propos 65
fichier et ressource 64
métadonnées d’état 75, 147–149
métadonnées d’état, application 150
modification sur des ressources 77
présentation 32
utilisation 64–66
P
périphériques
edit-in-place 104
Library 38
Media 38
Preferences, fenêtre
emplacement du fichier d’alias, réglage 114
introduction 29
présentation par liste 20
productions
affichage 61
ajout de ressources 62
ajout de ressources durant un téléchargement 62
création 60
métadonnées d’état 75
métadonnées d’état, application 150
métadonnées d’état, utilisation pour la
recherche 151
organisation des ressources 59–64Index 173
retrait de ressources 63
suppression 64
téléchargement de projets Final Cut Studio
vers 49
Productions, sous-fenêtre
configuration de l’affichage 19
icônes 20
introduction 18
projets DVD Studio Pro
à propos des fichiers .par 46
reconnexion de fichiers de données 141
téléchargement d’un dossier avec des
ressources 43
projets Final Cut Pro
à propos 120
conservation des données du projet 126, 131
création à partir de ressources préparées pour
une utilisation hors connexion 115
edit-in-place 123
éléments 40
extraction 124–129
extraction sur un disque externe 132
extraction sur un ordinateur portable
déconnecté 131
fichiers du proxy de modification 124
Gestionnaire de données, utilisation 127
intégration et extraction de Final Cut Server 123
modification d’un projet extrait 126
problèmes connus 121
réintégration 127
résolution de problèmes de données offline 122
suppression de Final Cut Server 165
téléchargement 39–43
utilisation sans connexion à Final Cut Server 130–
133
versions 123, 129
projets Final Cut Studio
à propos de la modification 135
exportation 143–145
exportation des ressources 162
exportation en groupes 161
extraction avec des données reliées 139
modification dans l’application d’origine 140
réintégration des fichiers de données reliées 142
réintégration et extraction en tant que fichiers
individuels 138–143
réintégration et extraction en tant que ressources
regroupées 136
téléchargement 43–51
téléchargement vers des productions 49
projets Motion
reconnexion de fichiers de données 140
téléchargement d’un dossier avec des
ressources 43
projets Soundtrack Pro
reconnexion de fichiers de données 140
téléchargement d’un dossier avec des
ressources 43
Q
QuickTime
métadonnées 38
séquences de référence 34
R
raccourcis clavier, à propos 30
recherche
affichage des résultats 74
avancée 69–71
introduction 21
pages de résultats 74
préférences 107
simple 66–68
Smart Search 72–73, 152
utilisation de la fenêtre Search All Jobs 80–81
utilisation de la fenêtre Search Devices 78–79
utilisation de métadonnées d’état 151
réintégration et extraction
projets Final Cut Studio en tant que fichiers
individuels 138–143
ressources regroupées de projet Final Cut
Studio 136
représentation principale 34
réseau de stockage (SAN) et mise en cache 109
ressources
activation du contrôle de versions 92
affichage 89
ajout au cache 110
ajout à une production durant un
téléchargement 62
ajout d’annotations 99
archivage 162
disque externe 113
duplication 103
exportation 117
extensions de fichiers 33
extraction 92
fichiers d’alias 114
fichiers pouvant être téléchargés 32
fichiers proxy 34
métadonnées 64
métadonnées d’état 75
métadonnées d’état, application 150
métadonnées d’état, utilisation pour la
recherche 151
mise en cache 109–111
modification des métadonnées 77
organisation à l’aide de productions 59–64
préparation pour une utilisation hors
connexion 113–116
présentation 31174 Index
réintégration avec des commentaires de
version 92
représentation principale 34
restauration 162
retrait d’une production 63
stratégies de téléchargement 33
suppression de Final Cut Server 164
téléchargement 34–39
type mime 57
types 55
verrouillage et déverrouillage 94–98
versions 91–93
vue d’ensemble du catalogue 53–59
ressources regroupées
et automatisations 45
réintégration et extraction, projets Final Cut
Studio 136
téléchargement d’un projet Final Cut Studio en
tant que 44–48
téléchargement de projets en tant que 44
restauration des ressources 162
Review and Approve, fonction 152–158
réviseurs définis par l’administrateur 154
réviseurs définis par l’administrateur et réviseurs
saisis manuellement 157
saisie manuelle des réviseurs 155
utilisation 153
S
Search All Jobs, fenêtre
introduction 27
Search Devices, fenêtre
introduction 28
serveurs, à propos 7
Sites web 10
Sites web Apple 10
Smart Search
création 72–73
et utilisateurs 72
localisation d’éléments Ready for Review 152
suppression 73
utilisation 73
T
tâches
à propos 80
fenêtre Search All Jobs 105
indicateur Jobs in Progress 104
monitoring 104–106
téléchargement
ajout de ressources à une production 62
dossiers 43
fichiers de données 34–39
fichiers pouvant être téléchargés 32
ordinateur dont l’activité est suspendue et 34
projet Final Cut Studio en tant que ressource
regroupée 44–48
projet Final Cut Studio en tant que ressources
individuelles 48–51
projets Final Cut Pro 39–43
projets Final Cut Studio 43–51
séquences de référence QuickTime 34
stratégies 33
transcodage 170
travailler hors connexion avec Final Cut Server
ressources média 113–116
type mime 57
U
utilisation sans connexion à Final Cut Server
projets Final Cut Pro 130–133
V
verrouillage des ressources 94–98
verrous
extraction 95
référence 96
verrouillage et déverrouillage du verrou
Utilisateur 96–98
versions 91–93
activation du contrôle de versions pour une
ressource 92
ajout de commentaires 92
espace disque 91
options de menu contextuel 93
projets Final Cut Pro 123, 129
rétablissement 93
sous-fenêtre Versions 91
vignettes 35
affichage 19
vue d’ensemble du catalogue 53–59
X
Xsan
mise en cache 109
projets Final Cut Pro 123
Time Capsule
Guide de
configuration3
Table des matières
5 Chapitre 1 : Premiers contacts
7 À propos de votre Time Capsule
8 À propos du logiciel AirPort
9 Ce qu’il vous faut pour commencer
11 Le voyant d’état de Time Capsule
13 Chapitre 2 : Configuration de Time Capsule
14 Utilisation de Time Capsule pour créer un réseau sans fil
17 Utilisation de l’Utilitaire AirPort
19 Création d’un nouveau réseau sans fil
20 Configuration et partage de l’accès à Internet
21 Réglage des options avancées
23 Autorisation de l’accès des clients sans fil à votre réseau sans saisie de mot de passe
24 Utilisation de Time Machine avec votre Time Capsule
27 Chapitre 3 : Astuces et dépannage
27 Si vous ne pouvez pas vous connecter à Internet
27 Si vous avez oublié le mot de passe du réseau ou celui de Time Capsule
29 Si votre Time Capsule ne répond pas
30 Si le voyant d’état de votre Time Capsule devient orange et se met à clignoter4 Table des matières
31 Si votre imprimante ne répond pas
32 Mise à jour du logiciel AirPort
33 À propos de l’emplacement de Time Capsule
34 Éléments pouvant provoquer des interférences avec AirPort
35 Chapitre 4 : En savoir plus, service après-vente et support
37 Annexe : Caractéristiques techniques et normes de sécurité de Time Capsule
41 Regulatory Compliance Information1
5
1 Premiers contacts
Nous vous félicitons pour l’achat de Time Capsule.
Lisez ce guide pour commencer.
La nouvelle Time Capsule vous offre la simplicité d’une sauvegarde automatisée pour
votre réseau Wi-Fi. Utilisée dans Mac OS X 10.5.2 Leopard ou ultérieur, l’application
Time Machine facilite et automatise la réalisation de copies de sauvegarde du contenu
de tous les ordinateurs du réseau sur une seule Time Capsule.
Time Capsule est aussi une borne d’accès AirPort Extreme complète offrant une mise
en réseau sans fil à double bande simultanée. Lorsque vous la configurez, votre
Time Capsule crée deux réseaux Wi-Fi haut débit :
 un réseau 2,4 gigahertz (GHz) pour les appareils 802.11b, 802.11g et 802.11n, tels que
les iPhone, iPod Touch et ordinateurs plus anciens,
 un réseau 5 GHz pour les appareils 802.11n et 802.11a, tels que les ordinateurs récents
et Apple TV.
Les périphériques sans fil se connectent au réseau qui leur fournit les meilleures performances et la meilleure compatibilité et la Time Capsule partage votre connexion Internet haut débit avec les ordinateurs et périphériques de votre réseau.6 Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts
Avec votre Time Capsule, vous pouvez :
 Utiliser l’application Time Machine dans Mac OS X 10.5.2 (ou ultérieur) pour effectuer
une copie de sauvegarde du contenu de tous les ordinateurs de votre réseau sans fil
ainsi que des ordinateurs connectés à votre Time Capsule via Ethernet.
Remarque : la première copie de sauvegarde avec Time Capsule et Time Machine
peut prendre une nuit, voire plus, suivant la quantité de données à sauvegarder. Pour
accélérer le processus, utilisez un câble Ethernet pour brancher l’ordinateur au port
de réseau local (LAN) sur votre Time Capsule. Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation de
Time Machine, voir « Utilisation de Time Machine avec votre Time Capsule » à la
page 24.
 Créer un réseau domestique sans fil protégé par mot de passe, vous connecter à
Internet et partager la connexion avec d’autres ordinateurs et périphériques Wi-Fi tels
qu’iPhone, iPod Touch et Apple TV. Vous pouvez aussi partager des fichiers entre des
ordinateurs connectés au réseau.
 Créer un réseau d’invités avec ou sans protection par mot de passe pour fournir
un accès aux périphériques sans fil tels que les ordinateurs, iPhone, iPod Touch et
Apple TV, via Internet uniquement.
 Connecter votre Time Capsule à votre réseau Ethernet. Les ordinateurs Macintosh ou
Windows XP ou Windows Vista sans fil peuvent alors accéder à un réseau complet
sans connexion câblée.
 Connecter une imprimante USB prise en charge à votre Time Capsule. Les ordinateurs compatibles sur le réseau AirPort, qu’ils soient avec ou sans fil, peuvent alors
imprimer sur cette imprimante.Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts 7
 Connecter un disque dur USB supplémentaire à votre Time Capsule. Les ordinateurs
compatibles sur le réseau AirPort, qu’ils soient avec ou sans fil, peuvent accéder aux
informations du disque dur.
 Connecter un concentrateur USB à votre Time Capsule avant de connecter plusieurs
périphériques USB tels que des imprimantes ou des disques durs. Tous les ordinateurs du réseau ont accès à ces périphériques.
Important : installez l’Utilitaire AirPort 5.4 à partir du CD fourni avec votre Time Capsule
ou téléchargez-le à l’aide de la Mise à jour de logiciels. Les versions antérieures de
l’Assistant réglages AirPort et de l’Utilitaire Admin AirPort ne sont pas compatibles avec
Time Capsule.
À propos de votre Time Capsule
Votre Time Capsule est équipée de cinq ports à l’arrière :
 Un port WAN Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000Base-T qui sert à brancher un modem
câble ou DSL ou à se connecter à un réseau Ethernet existant.
 Trois ports LAN Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000Base-T qui servent à brancher des
périphériques Ethernet, par exemple des imprimantes ou des ordinateurs, ou à se
connecter à un réseau Ethernet. 8 Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts
 Un port USB qui sert à brancher une imprimante USB, un disque dur ou un concentrateur pour périphériques compatibles.
Le bouton de réinitialisation situé à côté du port sert à dépanner votre Time Capsule.
Le voyant d’état situé à l’avant affiche l’état actuel.
À propos du logiciel AirPort
Time Capsule fonctionne avec l’Utilitaire AirPort inclus sur le CD de Time Capsule.
Installez l’Utilitaire AirPort et suivez les instructions des pages suivantes pour configurer
votre Time Capsule et votre réseau sans fil AirPort.
Voyant d’état Port WAN Internet
Port d’alimentation
Câble d’alimentation
Bouton de
réinitialisation
Port USB
Ports Ethernet
Logement
de sécurité
Voyant d’activité
EthernetChapitre 1 Premiers contacts 9
Remarque : vous devez utiliser l’Utilitaire AirPort 5.4 pour configurer votre Time Capsule.
Cette version de Time Capsule n’est pas compatible avec les versions antérieures du logiciel AirPort.
Ce qu’il vous faut pour commencer
Pour utiliser votre Time Capsule, il vous faut un ordinateur sans fil conforme aux normes IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b ou 802.11g ou à une ébauche de spécification 802.11n de
l’IEEE. Pour pouvoir configurer Time Capsule, votre ordinateur doit respecter la configuration requise ci-dessous.
Remarque : pour pouvoir utiliser votre Time Capsule avec Time Machine sous Mac OS X
Leopard, vous devez disposer de Mac OS X 10.5.2 ou ultérieur.
Utilitaire AirPort
Utilisez l’Utilitaire AirPort pour configurer votre Time Capsule afin de créer un réseau
sans fil, de vous connecter à Internet et de partager des imprimantes ou des disques
durs USB compatibles. Vous pouvez également connecter votre Time Capsule à un
réseau sans fil AirPort Extreme existant.
L’Utilitaire AirPort est également un outil sophistiqué permettant de configurer et de
gérer Time Capsule, AirPort Extreme et les bornes d’accès AirPort Express. Utilisez-le
pour définir manuellement les réglages de réseau, de routage et de sécurité, ainsi
que d’autres options avancées.
Z Menu d’état AirPort
Le menu d’état AirPort situé dans la barre des menus vous permet de passer instantanément d’un réseau AirPort à l’autre, de contrôler la qualité du signal du réseau
sélectionné, de créer un réseau « ordinateur à ordinateur » et d’activer ou de désactiver AirPort. Le menu d’état est disponible sur les ordinateurs utilisant Mac OS X. 10 Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts
Pour configurer votre Time Capsule via un Mac, vous devez disposer des éléments
suivants :
 Un ordinateur Macintosh avec une carte AirPort ou AirPort Extreme pour le configurer sans fil ou un ordinateur Macintosh connecté à Time Capsule avec un câble
Ethernet pour le configurer avec Ethernet.
 Mac OS X 10.4 ou ultérieur.
 Utilitaire AirPort 5.4 ou ultérieur.
Pour configurer Time Capsule via un PC sous Windows, vous devez disposer des
éléments suivants :
 Un ordinateur Windows disposant d’une vitesse de processeur de 300 MHz ou supé-
rieur ainsi que d’une carte sans fil compatible 802.11a, 802.11b ou 802.11g ou d’une
carte sans fil conforme à une ébauche de spécifications 802.11n de l’IEEE.
 Windows XP Edition Familiale ou Professionnel (Service Pack 2) ou Windows Vista.
 Utilitaire AirPort 5.4 ou ultérieur.
Branchement de votre Time Capsule
Avant de brancher votre Time Capsule, connectez d’abord les câbles qui conviennent
aux ports que vous souhaitez utiliser :
 Connectez le câble Ethernet connecté à votre modem DSL ou câble (en cas de connexion à Internet) au port Ethernet WAN(<).
 Connectez un câble USB connecté au port USB (d) de votre Time Capsule à une
imprimante USB compatible (si vous imprimez sur une imprimante USB), un disque
dur ou un concentrateur.Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts 11
 Connectez un câble Ethernet de n’importe quel périphérique Ethernet aux ports LAN
Ethernet (G).
Une fois connectés les câbles des périphériques que vous souhaitez utiliser, connectez
la prise de courant au port secteur et branchez Time Capsule sur une prise électrique.
Il n’y a pas d’interrupteur d’alimentation.
Important : utilisez uniquement la prise fournie avec votre Time Capsule.
Lorsque vous branchez votre Time Capsule à une prise électrique, le voyant d’état clignote
en vert pendant une seconde puis en orange lorsque votre Time Capsule démarre. Une
fois votre Time Capsule démarrée, le voyant d’état clignote en orange jusqu’à ce que les
réglages corrects aient été mis à jour sur votre Time Capsule. Le voyant d’état devient vert
et cesse de clignoter une fois votre Time Capsule correctement configurée et connectée à
Internet ou à un réseau.
Lorsque des câbles Ethernet sont branchés sur les ports Ethernet, les voyants situés audessus de ces derniers sont verts et ne clignotent pas.
Le voyant d’état de Time Capsule
Le tableau suivant répertorie les divers comportements des voyants d’état de
Time Capsule et donne leur signification.
Voyant État/Description
Éteint Votre Time Capsule est débranchée.
Orange Votre Time Capsule n’a pas terminé sa séquence de démarrage.12 Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts
Étape suivante
Après avoir branché votre Time Capsule, utilisez l’Utilitaire AirPort pour la configurer
afin qu’elle puisse être compatible avec votre connexion Internet, une imprimante USB,
un disque dur ou un réseau existant. L’Utilitaire AirPort est situé dans le sous-dossier
Utilitaires du dossier Applications sur un ordinateur exécutant Mac OS X et dans
Démarrer > Tous les programmes > AirPort sur un ordinateur exécutant Windows XP
ou Windows Vista.
Orange clignotant Votre Time Capsule ne peut pas établir de connexion avec le
réseau ou Internet ou bien il rencontre un problème. Assurezvous d’avoir installé l’Utilitaire AirPort et utilisez-le pour obtenir
des informations sur le clignotement orange du voyant d’état.
Reportez-vous à la rubrique « Si le voyant d’état de votre
Time Capsule devient orange et se met à clignoter » à la
page 30.
Vert fixe Votre Time Capsule est allumée et fonctionne normalement. En
sélectionnant « Clignotement en cas d’activité » dans le menu
local Voyant d’état qui se trouve dans la sous-fenêtre de la borne
d’accès de l’utilitaire AirPort via le menu de configuration, le
voyant d’état vert clignote pour indiquer que l’activité est normale.
Orange et vert clignotant Il peut y avoir un problème pour démarrer. Votre Time Capsule
va redémarrer et essayer à nouveau.
Bleu fixe Votre Time Capsule est prête à autoriser l’accès au réseau à un
client sans fil. Voir « Autorisation de l’accès des clients sans fil à
votre réseau sans saisie de mot de passe » à la page 23.
Voyant État/Description2
13
2 Configuration de Time Capsule
Ce chapitre fournit des informations et des instructions pour
la connexion de votre Time Capsule à Internet et sa configuration à l’aide de l’Utilitaire AirPort pour créer ou se relier à un
réseau sans fil.
Ce chapitre décrit la procédure de connexion de votre Time Capsule à Internet, l’utilisation de l’Assistant réglages dans l’Utilitaire AirPort pour configurer votre réseau ainsi
que d’autres fonctionnalités de votre Time Capsule. Pour en savoir plus sur la mise en
réseau sans fil et sur les fonctionnalités avancées de l’Utilitaire AirPort, consultez le
document « Création de réseaux AirPort 802.11n (Mac OS X v10.5 + Windows) » sur
le CD AirPort ou à l’adresse www.apple.com/fr/support/airport.
Après l’installation de l’Utilitaire AirPort depuis le CD fourni avec votre Time Capsule,
vous pouvez réaliser la majeure partie de la configuration de votre réseau et de vos
tâches de configuration grâce à l’Assistant réglages de l’Utilitaire AirPort. Pour régler
des options avancées, choisissez Configuration manuelle dans le menu Borne d’accès
de l’Utilitaire AirPort. Voir « Réglage des options avancées » à la page 21.14 Chapitre 2 Configuration de Time Capsule
Utilisation de Time Capsule pour créer un réseau sans fil
Lorsque vous configurez votre Time Capsule pour fournir un accès réseau et Internet,
les ordinateurs et périphériques suivants peuvent accéder au réseau AirPort sans fil
pour partager des fichiers, jouer à des jeux et utiliser des applications Internet telles
que les navigateurs web et les applications de courrier électronique :
 ordinateurs Macintosh équipés de cartes AirPort ou AirPort Extreme,
 ordinateurs équipés de la technologie sans fil 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g et projet de
spécification IEEE 802.11n,
 autres périphériques Wi-Fi.
Les ordinateurs connectés à Time Capsule via Ethernet peuvent également accéder au
réseau pour partager des fichiers et se connecter à Internet.
Si vous utilisez Mac OS X 10.5.2 ou ultérieur, vous pouvez configurer Time Machine
pour sauvegarder sur Time Capsule le contenu de tous les ordinateurs se trouvant sur
le réseau. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la rubrique « Utilisation de Time Machine avec
votre Time Capsule » à la page 24.
Lorsque vous branchez une imprimante USB compatible sur votre Time Capsule,
tous les ordinateurs pris en charge sur le réseau (avec ou sans fil) peuvent l’utiliser.Chapitre 2 Configuration de Time Capsule 15
Utilisation de Time Capsule pour créer un réseau sans fil
Configuration :
1 Connectez votre modem DSL ou câble à Time Capsule via le port WAN Ethernet (<).
2 Si vous envisagez de partager une imprimante USB sur le réseau, connectez-la au port
USB de Time Capsule (d) ou au concentrateur USB à l’aide d’un câble USB.
Vers Internet
Modem DSL ou câble
< Port WAN Internet
Imprimante partagée
Time Capsule
aux ports USB
2,4 ou 5 GHz 2,4 GHz
2,4 ou 5 GHz16 Chapitre 2 Configuration de Time Capsule
3 Ouvrez l’Utilitaire AirPort (situé dans le sous-dossier Utilitaires du dossier Applications
sur un ordinateur exécutant Mac OS X et dans Démarrer > Tous les programmes >
AirPort sur un ordinateur fonctionnant sous Windows), sélectionnez votre Time Capsule
et cliquez sur Continuer.
4 Suivez les instructions à l’écran pour créer un réseau.
Pour imprimer à partir d’un ordinateur exécutant Mac OS X v10.5 :
1 Sélectionnez le menu Pomme > Préférences Système et cliquez sur Imprimantes et fax.
2 Cliquez sur Ajouter (+) et sélectionnez votre imprimante dans la liste.
3 Cliquez sur le bouton Ajouter.
Si votre imprimante ne figure pas dans la liste, recherchez-la à l’aide des boutons de
la barre d’outils.
Pour imprimer à partir d’un ordinateur exécutant Mac OS X 10.3 ou 10.4 :
1 Ouvrez la Configuration d’imprimante (située dans le sous-dossier Utilitaires du dossier
Applications).
2 Sélectionnez l’imprimante dans la liste.
Si l’imprimante ne figure pas sur la liste, cliquez sur Ajouter, puis choisissez Bonjour
dans le menu local avant de sélectionner l’imprimante dans la liste.
Pour imprimer à partir d’un ordinateur exécutant Windows XP ou Windows Vista :
1 Installez Bonjour pour Windows depuis le CD fourni avec Time Capsule.
2 Suivez les instructions à l’écran pour connecter l’ordinateur à votre imprimante.
Les ordinateurs utilisant AirPort ou une carte ou un adaptateur sans fil compatible peuvent se connecter à Internet via Time Capsule. Les ordinateurs branchés sur les ports Ethernet de Time Capsule peuvent également accéder au réseau et se connecter à Internet.Chapitre 2 Configuration de Time Capsule 17
Les ordinateurs sans fil et ceux branchés sur les ports Ethernet ont aussi la possibilité
de communiquer les uns avec les autres via Time Capsule.
Utilisation de l’Utilitaire AirPort
Pour installer et configurer votre Time Capsule, utilisez l’Assistant réglages de l’Utilitaire AirPort. L’Utilitaire AirPort est automatiquement installé sur votre ordinateur en
même temps que le logiciel du CD Time Capsule.
Sur un ordinateur Mac OS X 10.4 ou ultérieur :
1 Ouvrez l’Utilitaire AirPort, situé dans le sous-dossier Utilitaires du dossier Applications.
2 Sélectionnez votre Time Capsule et cliquez sur Continuer.
Si la Time Capsule ne figure pas dans cette liste, cliquez sur Chercher à nouveau pour
rechercher les périphériques sans fil disponibles, puis sélectionnez votre Time Capsule
dans la liste.
3 Suivez les instructions à l’écran pour configurer votre Time Capsule et votre réseau
sans fil.
Sur un ordinateur Windows XP (Service Pack 2) ou Windows Vista :
1 Ouvrez l’Utilitaire AirPort situé dans Démarrer > Tous les programmes > AirPort.
2 Sélectionnez votre Time Capsule et cliquez sur Continuer.18 Chapitre 2 Configuration de Time Capsule
3 Suivez les instructions à l’écran pour configurer votre Time Capsule et votre réseau sans
fil.
L’assistant de réglage de l’utilitaire AirPort vous pose une série de questions concernant le type de réseau que vous souhaitez utiliser et les services que vous souhaitez
configurer .
Si vous utilisez Time Capsule pour vous connecter à Internet, vous devez disposer d’un
compte haut débit (modem DSL ou câble) et d’un fournisseur d’accès à Internet (FAI)
ou d’une connexion utilisant un réseau Ethernet existant. Si vous avez reçu des informations particulières de votre FAI (une adresse IP statique ou l’identifiant du client
DHCP), il vous faudra peut-être les saisir dans l’Utilitaire AirPort. Regroupez toutes ces
informations avant de configurer votre Time Capsule et gardez-les à portée de main.Chapitre 2 Configuration de Time Capsule 19
Création d’un nouveau réseau sans fil
Vous pouvez utiliser l’Assistant réglages de l’Utilitaire AirPort pour créer un réseau sans
fil. L’Assistant réglages vous guide tout au long des étapes nécessaires pour nommer
votre réseau, le protéger avec un mot de passe et configurer d’autres options.
Si vous souhaitez partager une imprimante ou un disque dur USB sur votre réseau :
1 Reliez l’imprimante ou le disque dur au port USB de Time Capsule (d).
2 Ouvrez l’Utilitaire AirPort, situé dans le sous-dossier Utilitaires du dossier Applications
sur un Mac et dans Démarrer > Tous les programmes > AirPort sur un ordinateur fonctionnant sous Windows XP.
3 Sélectionnez votre Time Capsule et cliquez sur Continuer.
Si la Time Capsule ne figure pas dans cette liste, cliquez sur Chercher à nouveau pour
rechercher les périphériques sans fil disponibles, puis sélectionnez votre Time Capsule
dans la liste.
4 Suivez les instructions à l’écran pour créer un réseau.20 Chapitre 2 Configuration de Time Capsule
Configuration et partage de l’accès à Internet
Si vous prévoyez de partager votre connexion Internet avec les ordinateurs du réseau
configurés pour la communication sans fil ou les ordinateurs connectés aux ports
Ethernet, vous devez configurer votre Time Capsule en tant que borne d’accès AirPort.
Une fois que votre Time Capsule est configurée, les ordinateurs peuvent accéder à
Internet par le biais du réseau AirPort. Votre Time Capsule se connecte à Internet et
transmet des informations aux ordinateurs via le réseau sans fil.
Avant d’utiliser l’Utilitaire AirPort pour configurer votre Time Capsule , branchez votre
modem DSL ou câble sur le port WAN Ethernet de Time Capsule (<). Si vous connectez votre Time Capsule à un réseau Ethernet ayant accès à Internet, connectez-le au
réseau Ethernet.
Utilisez l’Assistant réglages de l’Utilitaire AirPort pour saisir les réglages de votre FAI
et configurer le mode de partage de ces réglages entre Time Capsule et d’autres
ordinateurs.
1 Ouvrez l’Utilitaire AirPort, situé dans le sous-dossier Utilitaires du dossier Applications
sur un ordinateur exécutant Mac OS X et dans Démarrer > Tous les programmes >
AirPort sur un ordinateur fonctionnant sous Windows XP.
2 Sélectionnez votre Time Capsule et cliquez sur Continuer.
Si vous apportez des modifications à une Time Capsule déjà configurée, vous pouvez
être amené à vous connecter au réseau créé avant d’apporter les modifications à
Time Capsule.Chapitre 2 Configuration de Time Capsule 21
Pour sélectionner le réseau sans fil que vous souhaitez modifier sur un Macintosh, utilisez le menu d’état d’AirPort dans la barre des menus. Sur un ordinateur fonctionnant
sous Windows XP, maintenez le curseur sur l’icône de la connexion sans fil jusqu’à ce
que le nom de votre réseau AirPort (SSID) s’affiche. Sélectionnez-le dans la liste si plusieurs réseaux sont disponibles.
3 Suivez les instructions à l’écran pour configurer votre Time Capsule et y partager l’accès
à Internet.
Utilitaire AirPort permet de configurer rapidement et facilement votre Time Capsule et
le réseau. Pour configurer d’autres options pour votre réseau, notamment pour restreindre l’accès à votre réseau ou pour définir des options DHCP avancées, sélectionnez Configuration manuelle dans le menu Utilitaire AirPort.
Réglage des options avancées
Utilisez Utilitaire AirPort pour configurer votre Time Capsule manuellement pour définir des options avancées de Time Capsule, notamment les options de sécurité, les
réseaux fermés, la durée de bail DHCP, le contrôle d’accès, les contrôles d’alimentation,
les comptes utilisateur, etc.
Pour régler les options avancées :
1 Ouvrez l’Utilitaire AirPort, situé dans le sous-dossier Utilitaires du dossier Applications
sur un Mac et dans Démarrer > Tous les programmes > AirPort sur un ordinateur fonctionnant sous Windows XP.22 Chapitre 2 Configuration de Time Capsule
2 Si plusieurs périphériques sans fil figurent dans la liste, sélectionnez celui que vous souhaitez configurer. Si la Time Capsule ne figure pas dans cette liste, cliquez sur Chercher
à nouveau pour rechercher les périphériques sans fil disponibles, puis sélectionnez
votre Time Capsule dans la liste.
Si vous apportez des modifications à une Time Capsule déjà configurée, vous pouvez
être amené à vous connecter au réseau créé avant d’apporter les modifications à
Time Capsule.
Pour sélectionner le réseau sans fil que vous souhaitez modifier sur un Macintosh, utilisez le menu d’état d’AirPort dans la barre des menus. Sur un ordinateur fonctionnant
sous Windows XP, maintenez le curseur sur l’icône de la connexion sans fil jusqu’à ce
que le nom de votre réseau AirPort (SSID) s’affiche. Sélectionnez-le dans la liste si plusieurs réseaux sont disponibles.
3 Choisissez Configuration manuelle dans le menu Borne d’accès. Si le système vous
demande un mot de passe, saisissez-le.
Pour en savoir plus sur les fonctions de configuration manuelle dans l’Utilitaire AirPort,
consultez la section « Création de réseaux AirPort grâce à l’Utilitaire AirPort (Mac OS X
v10.5 + Windows) » à l’adresse www.apple.com/fr/support/airport.Chapitre 2 Configuration de Time Capsule 23
Autorisation de l’accès des clients sans fil à votre réseau sans
saisie de mot de passe
Si votre réseau est protégé par un mot de passe avec WPA Personnel ou WPA/WPA2
Personnel, vous pouvez donner accès à votre réseau à des clients sans fil sans que
ceux-ci aient à saisir le mot de passe du réseau.
Lorsque vous autorisez un client à accéder à votre réseau, le nom et l’adresse MAC sans
fil (ou identifiant AirPort) du client sont conservés dans la liste de contrôle d’accès de
l’Utilitaire AirPort jusqu’à ce que vous le retiriez de la liste. Vous pouvez également
autoriser l’accès pour 24 heures, délai au bout duquel le client ne pourra plus accéder
à votre réseau.
Lorsque vous autorisez l’accès à votre réseau sans fil à un client, celui-ci n’a pas à saisir
le mot de passe du réseau.
Pour autoriser un client à accéder au réseau sans saisir le mot de passe du réseau :
1 Ouvrez l’Utilitaire AirPort, sélectionnez votre Time Capsule et choisissez Configuration
manuelle dans le menu Borne d’accès. Saisissez un mot de passe si nécessaire.
2 Choisissez « Ajouter des clients sans fil » dans le menu Borne d’accès.
3 Sélectionnez le mode d’accès du client au réseau :
 Sélectionnez PIN pour saisir le numéro à 8 chiffres fourni par le client demandant à
accéder au réseau.
 Sélectionnez « Première tentative » pour autoriser l’accès au premier client essayant
d’entrer sur le réseau.
Le voyant est bleu pendant que Time Capsule attend qu’un client rejoigne le réseau.24 Chapitre 2 Configuration de Time Capsule
Sélectionnez « Limiter l’accès du client à 24 heures » si vous voulez seulement autoriser
l’accès à votre réseau pendant une journée. Si vous ne sélectionnez pas cette option,
le client aura accès à votre réseau jusqu’à ce que vous supprimiez son nom de la liste.
Utilisation de Time Machine avec votre Time Capsule
L’application Time Machine de Mac OS X Leopard permet de sauvegarder tout le contenu de votre ordinateur, notamment les photos, la musique, les films et les documents.
Après avoir configuré Time Machine, il sauvegarde automatiquement et régulièrement
le contenu de votre ordinateur.
Si vous utilisez Mac OS X 10.5.2 ou ultérieur, la première fois que vous vous connectez à
Time Capsule, Time Machine vous demande si vous souhaitez l’utiliser pour sauvegarder vos fichiers. Cliquez sur « Utiliser un disque de sauvegarde » et Time Machine
s’occupe du reste.
La sous-fenêtre Time Machine des Préférences Système sous Mac OS X Leopard permet de définir les sauvegardes automatiques, de changer de disque de sauvegarde ou
d’ajuster d’autres réglages.
Pour configurer Time Machine sur un ordinateur fonctionnant sous Mac OS X Leopard :
1 Sélectionnez le menu Pomme > Préférences Système et cliquez sur Time Machine.
2 Placez le curseur sur Activé.
3 Cliquez sur Changer de disque.
4 Sélectionnez votre Time Capsule et cliquez sur Sélectionner.Chapitre 2 Configuration de Time Capsule 25
La première copie de sauvegarde avec Time Capsule et Time Machine peut prendre une
nuit ou plus, suivant la quantité de données à sauvegarder. Pour accélérer le processus de
sauvegarde initial, connectez votre Time Capsule à votre ordinateur via Ethernet. Lors des
sauvegardes suivantes, Time Machine effectue uniquement une copie de sauvegarde des
fichiers qui ont été modifiés depuis la sauvegarde précédente, ce qui réduit la durée de
l’opération.
Time Capsule est une excellente solution de sauvegarde sans fil pour les ordinateurs
portables. Sachant que la première copie de sauvegarde peut nécessiter un certain
temps, branchez votre portable sur un adaptateur secteur afin de préserver la batterie
et d’éviter l’interruption de la sauvegarde. De plus, afin d’optimiser les performances
de connexion sans fil, placez votre ordinateur portable dans la même pièce que votre
Time Capsule.
Si vous éteignez votre Mac ou le mettez en veille pendant la réalisation d’une copie de
sauvegarde, Time Machine arrête la sauvegarde et la reprend à partir du point où elle
était parvenue une fois que le Mac redémarre.
Pour en savoir plus sur Time Machine, sélectionnez Aide > Aide Mac dans le menu
Finder depuis un ordinateur fonctionnant sous Mac OS X Leopard et tapez
Time Machine dans le champ de recherche.3
27
3 Astuces et dépannage
Vous pouvez rapidement résoudre la plupart des problèmes
pouvant survenir avec Time Capsule en suivant les conseils
donnés dans ce chapitre.
Si vous ne pouvez pas vous connecter à Internet
 Essayez de vous connecter à Internet directement à partir de votre ordinateur. Si vous
ne parvenez pas à vous connecter, vérifiez que vos réglages réseaux sont corrects.
S’ils semblent corrects et que le problème persiste, contactez votre fournisseur
d’accès à Internet.
 Veillez à vous connecter au bon réseau sans fil.
Si vous avez oublié le mot de passe du réseau ou celui de
Time Capsule
Vous pouvez effacer le mot de passe du réseau d’AirPort ou de Time Capsule en réinitialisant Time Capsule.
Pour réinitialiser le mot de passe de Time Capsule :
1 À l’aide d’un objet pointu (un stylo à bille, par exemple) maintenez le bouton de réinitialisation enfoncé pendant une seconde. 28 Chapitre 3 Astuces et dépannage
Important : si vous maintenez ce bouton enfoncé pendant plus d’une seconde, il est
possible que vous perdiez les réglages de votre réseau.
2 Sélectionnez votre réseau AirPort.
 Sur un ordinateur Macintosh, utilisez le menu d’état d’AirPort, dans la barre des
menus, pour sélectionner le réseau créé par Time Capsule (le nom du réseau reste
inchangé).
 Sur un ordinateur Windows XP, maintenez le curseur sur l’icône de la connexion sans fil
jusqu’à ce que vous voyiez apparaître le nom de votre réseau AirPort (SSID). Sélectionnez-le dans la liste si plusieurs réseaux sont disponibles.
3 Ouvrez l’Utilitaire AirPort (dans le sous-dossier Utilitaires du dossier Applications sur un
Mac ou dans Démarrer > Tous les programmes > AirPort sur un ordinateur fonctionnant sous Windows XP).
4 Sélectionnez votre Time Capsule et choisissez Configuration manuelle dans le menu
Borne d’accès.
5 Cliquez sur AirPort dans la barre d’outils, puis sur Borne d’accès.
6 Attribuez un nouveau mot de passe à votre Time Capsule.
7 Cliquez sur Sans fil et choisissez une méthode de cryptage dans le menu local Sécurité
sans fil afin d’activer le cryptage et la protection du mot de passe pour votre réseau
AirPort. Si vous activez le cryptage, tapez un nouveau mot de passe pour votre réseau
AirPort.
8 Cliquez sur Mettre à jour pour redémarrer Time Capsule et charger les nouveaux réglages.Chapitre 3 Astuces et dépannage 29
Si votre Time Capsule ne répond pas
Débranchez-la puis rebranchez-la à nouveau.
Si votre Time Capsule ne répond plus du tout, vous devrez peut-être rétablir les réglages d’origine par défaut.
Important : le fait de réinitialiser votre Time Capsule aux réglages par défaut efface
tous les réglages actuels et rétablit les réglages fournis avec votre Time Capsule.
Pour rétablir les réglages d’origine de Time Capsule :
m Utilisez un objet pointu (un stylo à bille, par exemple) pour appuyer sur le bouton de
réinitialisation jusqu’à ce que le voyant d’état clignote rapidement (pendant environ
5 secondes).
Votre Time Capsule se réinitialise et utilise les réglages suivants :
 Votre Time Capsule reçoit son adresse IP via DHCP.
 Le nom du réseau redevient « Réseau Apple XXXXXX » (les XXXXXX représentant
les six derniers chiffres de l’identifiant AirPort).
 Le mot de passe Time Capsule redevient public.
Si Time Capsule ne répond toujours pas, procédez ainsi :
1 Déconnectez votre Time Capsule.
2 Utilisez un objet pointu pour maintenir enfoncé le bouton de réinitialisation tout en
connectant votre Time Capsule.30 Chapitre 3 Astuces et dépannage
Si le voyant d’état de votre Time Capsule devient orange et se
met à clignoter
Il est possible que le câble Ethernet ne soit pas correctement branché, que
Time Capsule se trouve hors du rayon de détection du réseau AirPort ou qu’il y ait un
problème avec votre fournisseur d’accès à Internet. Si vous êtes connecté à Internet
avec un modem câble ou DSL, le modem n’est peut-être plus connecté au réseau ou à
Internet. Même si le modem semble fonctionner correctement, débranchez le modem,
attendez quelques secondes puis rebranchez-le. Assurez-vous que Time Capsule est
directement branchée sur le modem via Ethernet avant de rebrancher le modem.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’origine du clignotement du voyant, ouvrez l’Utilitaire AirPort,
sélectionnez votre Time Capsule et choisissez Configuration manuelle dans le menu
Borne d’accès. Cliquez sur « État de la borne d’accès » pour afficher les informations
concernant le clignotement du voyant.
Vous pouvez également cocher la case « Contrôler les problèmes de la borne d’accès »
dans les Préférences AirPort. Si la borne d’accès présente des problèmes, l’Utilitaire
AirPort s’ouvre et vous aide à résoudre les problèmes.Chapitre 3 Astuces et dépannage 31
Si votre imprimante ne répond pas
Si vous avez connecté une imprimante au port USB de votre Time Capsule et que
les ordinateurs du réseau AirPort ne peuvent pas imprimer, procédez comme suit :
1 Assurez-vous que l’imprimante est branchée et allumée.
2 Assurez-vous que les câbles sont bien reliés à l’imprimante et au port USB de
Time Capsule.
3 Assurez-vous que l’imprimante est sélectionnée dans la fenêtre Liste d’imprimantes des
ordinateurs clients.
Sur un ordinateur Macintosh exécutant Mac OS X 10.5 ou ultérieur :
 Sélectionnez le menu Pomme > Préférences Système et cliquez sur Imprimantes et fax.
 Cliquez sur Ajouter (+) et sélectionnez votre imprimante dans la liste, puis cliquez sur
Ajouter (+).
Sur un ordinateur Macintosh exécutant Mac OS X 10.2.7 ou ultérieur :
 Ouvrez la Configuration d’imprimante, située dans le sous-dossier Utilitaires du
dossier Applications.
 Si l’imprimante n’est pas dans la liste, cliquez sur Ajouter.
 Choisissez Bonjour dans le menu local, sélectionnez l’imprimante et cliquez sur
Ajouter (+).32 Chapitre 3 Astuces et dépannage
Sur un ordinateur fonctionnant sous XP :
 Ouvrez le Panneau de configuration depuis le menu Démarrer, puis double-cliquez
sur Imprimantes et télécopieurs.
 Sélectionnez l’imprimante. Si l’imprimante ne figure pas dans la liste, cliquez sur
Ajouter une imprimante puis suivez les instructions à l’écran.
4 Éteignez l’imprimante, patientez quelques secondes puis rallumez-la.
Mise à jour du logiciel AirPort
Apple met régulièrement à jour le logiciel AirPort. Il est recommandé de mettre à jour
votre Time Capsule et d’utiliser le logiciel le plus récent.
Vous pouvez cocher la case « Rechercher des mises à jour à l’ouverture d’Utilitaire
AirPort » ou « Rechercher automatiquement les mises à jour » dans les Préférences
AirPort. Si vous sélectionnez « Rechercher automatiquement les mises à jour », choisissez une fréquence pour la recherche des mises à jour, comme toutes les semaines par
exemple, à partir du menu local.Chapitre 3 Astuces et dépannage 33
À propos de l’emplacement de Time Capsule
En suivant les recommandations suivantes, vous permettrez à votre Time Capsule
d’atteindre une portée sans fil maximale et une couverture réseau optimale.
 Placez votre Time Capsule dans un endroit dégagé avec peu d’obstacles (meubles
volumineux ou murs). Essayez de la tenir éloignée des surfaces métalliques.
 Si vous placez votre Time Capsule derrière un meuble, laissez au moins trois centimè-
tres entre la borne Time Capsule et le bord du meuble.
 Évitez de placer votre Time Capsule dans une zone entourée de surfaces métalliques
(sur trois côtés ou plus).
 Si vous placez votre Time Capsule à proximité d’autres appareils électriques tels
qu’une chaîne stéréo, évitez d’entourer complètement votre Time Capsule de câbles
d’alimentation, audio ou vidéo. Positionnez votre Time Capsule de façon à ce que
les câbles passent d’un seul côté. Laissez autant d’espace que possible entre votre
Time Capsule et les câbles.
 Faites en sorte d’installer votre Time Capsule à au moins 7,6 mètres d’un four à
micro-ondes, d’un téléphone sans fil de 2,4 ou 5 gigahertz (GHz) ou d’autres sources
d’interférence.
 Ne placez pas d’autres objets (livres, papiers, animaux domestiques, etc.) sur
la Time Capsule car ils risqueraient d’interférer avec son refroidissement.34 Chapitre 3 Astuces et dépannage
Éléments pouvant provoquer des interférences avec AirPort
Plus la source d’interférences est éloignée, plus le risque de problème est faible.
Les points suivants peuvent interférer avec l’AirPort :
 Les fours à micro-ondes.
 Les pertes de fréquence radio DSS (Direct Satellite Service).
 Le câble coaxial d’origine fourni avec certains types d’antennes paraboliques.
Contactez le fabricant du produit pour obtenir des câbles plus récents.
 Certains dispositifs électriques tels que les lignes électriques, les voies ferrées électrifiées et les centrales électriques.
 Les téléphones sans fil qui fonctionnent sur la fréquence porteuse de 2,4 ou 5 GHz. Si
vous rencontrez des problèmes avec votre téléphone ou avec la communication avec
AirPort, changez le canal utilisé par votre borne d’accès ou par Time Capsule ou celui
utilisé par votre téléphone.
 Des bornes d’accès adjacentes qui utilisent des canaux voisins. Ainsi, si une borne
d’accès A est réglée sur le canal 1, la borne d’accès B doit être réglée sur le canal 6 ou 11.4
35
4 En savoir plus, service après-vente
et support
Pour obtenir plus d’informations sur l’utilisation de
Time Capsule, rendez-vous sur le web et utilisez l’aide
à l’écran.
Ressources en ligne
Pour obtenir les toutes dernières informations sur Time Capsule, rendez-vous à
l’adresse www.apple.com/fr/airport.
Pour enregistrer votre Time Capsule (si vous ne l’avez pas déjà fait lors de
l’installation du logiciel à partir du CD de Time Capsule), rendez-vous sur le site
www.apple.com/fr/register.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’assistance AirPort, consulter les forums contenant des informations et des commentaires spécifiques sur le produit et pour télécharger les dernières
mises à jour des logiciels Apple, rendez-vous sur le site www.apple.com/fr/support/airport.
Pour l’assistance en dehors des États-Unis, rendez-vous sur le site
www.apple.com/fr/support et choisissez le pays concerné.36 Chapitre 4 En savoir plus, service après-vente et support
Aide en ligne
Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation de l’Utilitaire AirPort avec votre Time Capsule,
ouvrez l’Utilitaire AirPort et choisissez Aide > Aide Utilitaire AirPort.
Obtention d’un service de garantie
Si votre Time Capsule est endommagé ou ne fonctionne pas correctement,
suivez les conseils de cette brochure, de l’aide à l’écran et des ressources en ligne.
Si votre Time Capsule ne fonctionne toujours pas, rendez-vous sur
www.apple.com/fr/support pour réaliser une demande de réparation.
Emplacement du numéro de série de votre Time Capsule
Le numéro de série se trouve sous la Time Capsule.37
Annexe
Caractéristiques techniques et normes
de sécurité de Time Capsule
Spécifications de Time Capsule
 Bande de fréquence : 2,4 et 5 GHz
 Alimentation de la sortie radio : Ju squ’à 23 dBm (nominal)
 Normes : norme 802.11 DSSS 1 et 2 Mbps, spécifications 802.11a, 802.11b et 802.11g,
et projet de spécification 802.11n
Interfaces
 1 port WAN Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000Base-T à connecteur RJ-45 (<)
 3 ports LAN Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000Base-T à connecteur RJ-45 (G)
 Bus universel en série (USB d) 2.0
 AirPort Extreme sans fil 802.11 a/b/g/n
Conditions ambiantes
 Température de fonctionnement : de 0° à 35° C
 Température de stockage : de -25° à 60° C
 Humidité relative (en fonctionnement) : de 20 % à 80 %
 Humidité relative (en stockage) : de 10 % à 90 % (sans condensation)38 Annexe Caractéristiques techniques et normes de sécurité de Time Capsule
Taille et poids
 Longueur : 197,0 mm
 Largeur : 197,0 mm
 Hauteur : 36,33 mm
 Poids : 1,6 kg
Adresses MAC (Media Access Control) matérielles
Trois adresses matérielles pour Time Capsule sont imprimées sur le fond du boîtier :
 L’identifiant AirPort : Les deux adresses utilisées pour identifier Time Capsule sur un
réseau sans fil.
 Le numéro Ethernet : il peut être nécessaire de fournir cette adresse à votre fournisseur d’accès à Internet afin de connecter votre Time Capsule à Internet.
Utilisation de votre Time Capsule en toute sécurité
 La seule façon d’éteindre complètement Time Capsule est de la débrancher de sa
source d’alimentation.
 Pour connecter ou déconnecter Time Capsule, veillez à tenir la prise par ses côtés.
Éloignez vos doigts de la partie métallique de la prise.
 Vous ne devez pas ouvrir votre Time Capsule sans raison, même si elle est débranchée. Si vous devez faire réparer votre Time Capsule, consultez la rubrique « En savoir
plus, service après-vente et support » à la page 35.
 Ne forcez jamais un connecteur dans un port. Si vous avez du mal à connecter le connecteur et le port, ceux-ci ne sont probablement pas compatibles. Assurez-vous que
le connecteur est compatible avec le port et que vous avez correctement inséré le
connecteur dans celui-ci.Annexe Caractéristiques techniques et normes de sécurité de Time Capsule 39
À propos des températures d’exploitation et de stockage
 Pendant que vous utilisez votre Time Capsule, il est normal que le boîtier chauffe.
Le boîtier de Time Capsule agit comme une surface de refroidissement qui transfère
la chaleur de l’intérieur de l’unité vers l’air extérieur, plus frais.
Évitez les endroits humides
 Maintenez votre Time Capsule à distance de tout liquide, par exemple une boisson,
un évier ou un lavabo, une baignoire, une cabine de douche, etc.
 Protégez votre Time Capsule de la lumière directe du soleil ainsi que de la pluie et de
l’humidité.
 Prenez garde à ne pas renverser de nourriture ou de liquide sur votre Time Capsule.
Si c’est le cas, débranchez-le avant de nettoyer.
 N’utilisez pas votre Time Capsule à l’extérieur. Time Capsule doit être utilisée
à l’intérieur.
AVERTISSEMENT : pour réduire le risque d’électrocution ou de blessure, n’utilisez pas
votre Time Capsule dans des emplacements mouillés ou humides ni à proximité de
ceux-ci.40 Annexe Caractéristiques techniques et normes de sécurité de Time Capsule
N’effectuez pas vous-même les réparations
À propos de la manipulation
Votre Time Capsule peut être endommagée suite à une manipulation ou à un stockage inapproprié. Veillez à ne pas faire tomber votre Time Capsule lorsque vous la
transportez.
AVERTISSEMENT : n’essayez pas d’ouvrir votre Time Capsule ou de la démonter. Vous
risqueriez de vous électrocuter et d’annuler la garantie. Aucune pièce réparable par
l’utilisateur ne se trouve à l’intérieur.41
Regulatory Compliance Information
Wireless Radio Use
This device is restricted to indoor use due to its
operation in the 5.15 to 5.25 GHz frequency range to
reduce the potential for harmful interference to cochannel Mobile Satellite systems.
Cet appareil doit être utilisé à l’intérieur.
Exposure to Radio Frequency Energy
The radiated output power of this device is well below
the FCC and EU radio frequency exposure limits.
However, this device should be operated with a
minimum distance of at least 20 cm between its
antennas and a person’s body and the antennas used
with this transmitter must not be colocated or operated
in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter
subject to the conditions of the FCC Grant.
FCC Declaration of Conformity
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1)
This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)
this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired
operation. See instructions if interference to radio or
television reception is suspected.
Radio and Television Interference
This computer equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and
used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s
instructions—it may cause interference with radio and
television reception.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply
with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance
with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These
specifications are designed to provide reasonable
protection against such interference in a residential
installation. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation.
You can determine whether your computer system is
causing interference by turning it off. If the interference
stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of
the peripheral devices.
If your computer system does cause interference to
radio or television reception, try to correct the
interference by using one or more of the following
measures:
 Turn the television or radio antenna until the
interference stops.
 Move the computer to one side or the other of the
television or radio.
 Move the computer farther away from the television or
radio.
 Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different
circuit from the television or radio. (That is, make certain
the computer and the television or radio are on circuits
controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)
If necessary, consult an Apple Authorized Service
Provider or Apple. See the service and support
information that came with your Apple product.
Or, consult an experienced radio/television technician
for additional suggestions.
Important: Changes or modifications to this product not
authorized by Apple Inc. could void the EMC compliance
and negate your authority to operate the product.42
This product was tested for FCC compliance under
conditions that included the use of Apple peripheral
devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors
between system components. It is important that you
use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and
connectors between system components to reduce the
possibility of causing interference to radios, television
sets, and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple
peripheral devices and the proper shielded cables and
connectors through an Apple-authorized dealer. For
non-Apple peripheral devices, contact the manufacturer
or dealer for assistance.
Responsible party (contact for FCC matters only)
Apple Inc., Corporate Compliance, 1 Infinite Loop M/S 26-A,
Cupertino, CA 95014-2084
Industry Canada Statement
This Class B device meets all requirements of the
Canadian interference-causing equipment regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la Class B respecte toutes
les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur
du Canada.
VCCI Class B Statement
Europe — Déclaration de conformité EU
Pour obtenir plus d’informations, rendez-vous sur
www.apple.com/euro/compliance.
Union européenne— Information concernant
l’élimination des déchets
Ce symbole signifie que conformément aux lois et
réglementations en vigueur, vous devez éliminer votre
produit indépendamment des déchets ménagers. Une
fois ce produit arrivé en fin de vie, amenez-le au point
de collecte désigné par les autorités locales. Certains
points de collecte sont gratuits. La collecte et le
recyclage séparés de votre produit lors de l’élimination
permettent de conserver les ressources naturelles et
de garantir un recyclage du produit qui protège la santé
de l’Homme et l’environnement.
Informations relatives à l’élimination
et au recyclage
Ce produit est équipé d’une batterie interne. Veuillez
vous en débarrasser conformément aux lois et directives
environnementales locales. Pour en savoir plus sur le
programme de recyclage d’Apple, rendez-vous à
l’adresse www.apple.com/fr/environment.
California: The coin cell battery in your product
contains perchlorates. Special handling and disposal
may apply. Refer to
www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/perchlorate.
Deutschland: Dieses Gerät enthält Batterien. Bitte nicht
in den Hausmüll werfen. Entsorgen Sie dieses Gerätes
am Ende seines Lebenszyklus entsprechend der
maßgeblichen gesetzlichen Regelungen.
Nederlands: Gebruikte batterijen kunnen worden
ingeleverd bij de chemokar of in een speciale
batterijcontainer voor klein chemisch afval (kca) worden
gedeponeerd.Taiwan:
Singapore Wireless Certification
Taiwan Warning Statements
Korea Warning Statements
© 2009 Apple Inc. Tous droits réservés. Apple, le logo
Apple, AirPort, AirPort Express, AirPort Extreme, Apple
TV, Bonjour, iPod, Leopard, Macintosh, Mac OS et Time
Capsule sont des marques d’Apple Inc. déposées aux
États-Unis et dans d’autres pays. Finder, iPhone et Time
Machine sont des marques d’Apple Inc. Les autres noms
de produits et de sociétés mentionnés ici peuvent être
des marques de leurs détenteurs respectifs.
F019-1384-A
AirPort Express
Guide de
configuration3
Table des matières
4 Premiers contacts
9 Branchement de l’AirPort Express
12 Utilisation de la borne AirPort Express
13 Utilisation de l’AirPort Express avec votre connexion Internet à large bande
14 Utilisation de l’AirPort Express avec AirTunes pour lire des morceaux de musique d’iTunes
sur votre chaîne stéréo
21 Utilisation de l’AirPort Express pour le partage d’une imprimante USB
23 Extension de la portée d’un réseau AirPort Extreme
ou AirPort Express existant
26 Configuration de l’AirPort Express
32 Réglage des options avancées
33 AirPort Express en déplacement
35 Astuces et dépannage
42 En savoir plus, service après-vente et support
44 Caractéristiques de l’AirPort Express4
1 Premiers contacts
Félicitations pour l’achat de votre AirPort Express.
Lisez ce guide pour commencer à l’utiliser.
Vous pouvez utiliser l’AirPort Express pour partager votre accès à Internet à large bande
avec des ordinateurs sans fil sur votre réseau, écouter de la musique iTunes sur votre
chaîne stéréo et bien plus encore.
Votre AirPort Express est livrée avec AirTunes, un logiciel permettant de lire des morceaux
de musique d’iTunes à travers des haut-parleurs distants.
Grâce à la borne AirPort Express, vous pouvez :
 Créer un réseau sans fil à votre domicile, puis vous connecter à Internet et partager la
connexion avec simultanément jusqu’à 10 ordinateurs. Tous les membres d’une famille
peuvent, de cette manière, se connecter en même temps à Internet.
 Connecter l’AirPort Express à votre chaîne stéréo ou à vos haut-parleurs sous tension
et utiliser AirTunes pour lire vos morceaux de musique d’iTunes sur votre chaîne à
partir d’un ordinateur Macintosh équipé d’une carte AirPort ou AirPort Extreme, ou
d’un ordinateur sans fil compatible sous Windows XP ou 2000.Premiers contacts 5
 Configurer une connexion sans fil vers votre réseau Ethernet. Les ordinateurs Macintosh
équipés d’une carte AirPort et AirPort Extreme ou les ordinateurs Windows XP ou 2000
ont alors accès à l’ensemble du réseau sans être reliés par un câble.
 Étendre la portée de votre réseau en ajoutant l’AirPort Express à votre réseau sans
fil AirPort Extreme ou AirPort Express existant (ce que l’on appelle un système de
distribution sans fil, ou WDS).
 Connecter une imprimante USB à votre AirPort Express. Tous les ordinateurs
compatibles du réseau AirPort, qu’ils soient avec ou sans fil, peuvent imprimer
sur cette imprimante.
 Créer des profils personnalisés afin de pouvoir stocker les réglages de cinq
emplacements différents. Emportez AirPort Express partout et connectez-vous
rapidement aux réseaux large bande, comme ceux que l’on trouve parfois dans
les chambres d’hôtel. 6 Premiers contacts
À propos de l’AirPort Express
L’AirPort Express possède trois ports, situés sur la partie inférieure :
 un port Ethernet (G) pour connecter un modem DSL ou câble, ou pour se connecter
à un réseau Ethernet existant ;
 un mini-jack audio stéréo numérique analogique et optique (-) pour connecter
l’AirPort Express à une chaîne stéréo ou à des haut-parleurs ;
 un port USB (d) pour brancher une imprimante compatible à AirPort Express.
À côté des ports se trouve un bouton de réinitialisation, utilisé pour le dépannage de
votre AirPort Express. Sur le côté de la borne AirPort Express, le voyant d’état affiche
l’état actuel.
Voyant d’état
Bouton de réinitialisation
Port de sortie
(mini-jack audio numérique
optique et analogique)
Port Ethernet
Port USB
Adaptateur pour prise CAPremiers contacts 7
À propos du logiciel AirPort
L’AirPort Express utilise le logiciel AirPort livré sur le CD de l’AirPort Express.
Assistant réglages AirPort
L’Assistant réglages AirPort vous aide à configurer votre AirPort Express pour la
connexion à Internet, la lecture de musique d’iTunes sur votre chaîne stéréo ou
sur vos haut-parleurs sous tension et le partage d’une imprimante. Vous pouvez
également créer une passerelle de votre AirPort Express à votre réseau sans fil
AirPort Extreme ou AirPort Express existant pour étendre la portée de votre réseau
grâce à WDS.
Utilitaire Admin AirPort
L’Utilitaire Admin AirPort est un outil sophistiqué permettant de configurer et de
gérer les bornes d’accès AirPort Extreme et AirPort Express. Employez l’Utilitaire
Admin AirPort pour définir les réglages de réseau, de routage et de sécurité, ainsi
que d’autres options avancées.
Z Menu d’état d’AirPort de la barre des menus
Le menu d’état d’AirPort vous permet de passer instantanément d’un réseau AirPort
à l’autre, de contrôler la qualité du signal du réseau sélectionné, de créer un réseau
“ordinateur à ordinateur” et d’activer ou de désactiver AirPort. Le menu d’état est
disponible sur les ordinateurs utilisant Mac OS X. 8 Premiers contacts
Ce qu’il vous faut pour commencer
Pour configurer l’AirPort Express à l’aide d’un Macintosh, vous devez disposer
des éléments suivants :
 un ordinateur Macintosh avec une carte AirPort ou AirPort Extreme installée ;
 Mac OS X 10.3 ou ultérieur ;
 iTunes 4.7 (inclus sur le CD d’AirPort Express) ou ultérieur.
Pour configurer l’AirPort Express à l’aide d’un PC Windows, vous devez disposer
des éléments suivants :
 un PC Windows doté d’une vitesse de processeur de 300 MHz ou supérieure ;
 Windows XP Édition Familiale ou Professionnel (Service Pack 2) ;
 Windows 2000 ;
 iTunes 4.7 pour Windows (inclus sur le CD de l’AirPort Express) ou ultérieur.
Vous devez disposer d’iTunes 4.6 ou ultérieur pour la lecture audio depuis votre
ordinateur sur une chaîne stéréo connectée à la borne AirPort Express. Pour être
certain de posséder la dernière version d’iTunes, rendez-vous sur le site
www.apple.com/fr/itunes.
Vous pouvez utiliser la borne AirPort Express avec n’importe quel ordinateur utilisant
une technologie sans fil conforme à la norme IEEE 802.11b ou 802.11g. Pour pouvoir
configurer l’AirPort Express, votre ordinateur doit répondre à toutes les conditions
mentionnées ci-dessus.Premiers contacts 9
Branchement de l’AirPort Express
Avant de brancher votre AirPort Express, branchez tout d’abord les câbles appropriés
dans les ports que vous souhaitez utiliser, notamment le câble Ethernet connecté à
votre modem DSL ou câble (si vous souhaitez vous connecter à Internet), le câble audio
connecté à votre chaîne stéréo (si vous souhaitez utiliser AirTunes pour écouter de la
musique grâce à iTunes) et un câble USB connecté à une imprimante USB compatible
(si vous souhaitez utiliser une imprimante USB).
Après avoir branché les câbles de tous les périphériques que vous prévoyez d’utiliser,
branchez si besoin un adaptateur pour prise CA. Branchez l’AirPort Express à une prise
murale. Il n’y a pas d’interrupteur.
Adaptateur pour prise CA10 Premiers contacts
Lorsque vous branchez l’AirPort Express à une prise murale, le voyant d’état vert clignote
et devient de couleur ambre pendant le démarrage. Une fois que le démarrage est
complètement terminé, le voyant d’état reste vert mais ne clignote plus.
Voyants d’état de la borne AirPort Express
Le tableau ci-dessous répertorie les séquences des voyants lumineux de l’AirPort Express
et explique ce qu’ils indiquent.
Voyant État/Description
Éteint L’AirPort Express est débranchée.
Vert clignotant L’AirPort Express est en train de démarrer.
Remarque : en sélectionnant Clignotement en cas d’activité dans
le menu local Voyant d’état qui se trouve dans la sous-fenêtre de
la borne d’accès de l’utilitaire AirPort Admin, le voyant d’état vert
clignote pour indiquer que l’activité est normale.
Vert fixe L’AirPort Express est allumée et fonctionne correctement. Si
vous choisissez Clignotement en cas d’activité dans le menu
local Voyant d’état qui se trouve dans la sous-fenêtre de la borne
d’accès de l’utilitaire AirPort Admin, le voyant d’état vert clignote
pour indiquer que l’activité est normale.
Ambre clignotant La borne AirPort Express ne peut pas établir la connexion avec le
réseau ou Internet. Reportez-vous à la section “Le voyant d’état
de votre AirPort Express est de couleur ambre et il clignote” à la
page 38.
Ambre L’AirPort Express termine sa séquence de démarrage.
Clignotement ambre et vert Il peut y avoir un problème pour démarrer. L’AirPort Express
va redémarrer. Réessayez ensuite.Premiers contacts 11
Étape suivante
Après avoir branché AirPort Express, vous devez utiliser l’Assistant réglages AirPort
pour le configurer afin de pouvoir l’utiliser avec votre connexion à Internet, votre
chaîne stéréo, une imprimante USB ou un réseau existant. L’Utilitaire Assistant réglages
AirPort se trouve dans Applications/Utilitaires sur un Macintosh, et dans Démarrer >
Tous les programmes > AirPort sur un ordinateur Windows XP ou Windows 2000.
Reportez-vous à la section “Utilisation de la borne AirPort Express” à la page 12 pour
obtenir des exemples de toutes les possibilités d’utilisation de l’AirPort Express et des
informations sur la configuration.
Consultez ensuite la rubrique “Configuration de l’AirPort Express” à la page 26 pour
en savoir plus sur le processus de configuration.12
2 Utilisation de la borne AirPort
Express
Dans ce chapitre, vous trouverez des explications
sur les différentes façons d’utiliser l’AirPort Express.
Ce chapitre contient des exemples des réglages à effectuer en fonction de la façon
dont vous souhaitez utiliser l’AirPort Express. Il vous donne également une brève
explication de ce qu’il faut faire pour pouvoir utiliser rapidement votre réseau
AirPort Express.Utilisation de la borne AirPort Express 13
Utilisation de l’AirPort Express avec votre connexion Internet
à large bande
Lorsque vous configurez l’AirPort Express pour accéder à Internet et au réseau, les
ordinateurs Macintosh équipés des cartes AirPort et AirPort Extreme et les ordinateurs
équipés de la technologie sans fil 802.11b et 802.11g peuvent accéder au réseau sans fil
AirPort pour partager des fichiers, jouer en réseau et utiliser des applications Internet
telles que des navigateurs Web et des applications de messagerie électronique.
Schéma des connexions
Modem DSL ou câble
Port Ethernet
Vers Internet
G14 Utilisation de la borne AirPort Express
Configuration
1 Branchez votre modem DSL ou câble à votre AirPort Express en utilisant le port
Ethernet (G).
2 Utilisez l’Assistant réglages AirPort pour créer un nouveau réseau. (Reportez-vous à la
section “Configuration de l’AirPort Express” à la page 26.)
Les ordinateurs utilisant AirPort et ceux utilisant d’autres cartes ou adaptateurs sans fil
se connectent à Internet via la borne AirPort Express.
Les ordinateurs sans fil communiquent entre eux via l’AirPort Express.
Utilisation de l’AirPort Express avec AirTunes pour lire des
morceaux de musique d’iTunes sur votre chaîne stéréo
Vous pouvez brancher votre AirPort Express à votre chaîne stéréo par un câble mini
numérique à fibres optiques vers Toslink, un câble mini stéréo vers double RCA ou
un câble mini stéréo vers mini stéréo (selon le type du connecteur de votre chaîne)
et utiliser AirTunes pour écouter sans fil de la musique grâce à iTunes.Utilisation de la borne AirPort Express 15
Schéma des connexions
Port d’entrée audio numérique optique
o
ou
Câble numérique à fibres
optiques Toslink
vers mini-jack
ou
Câble mini-jack stéréo
vers RCA
Chaîne stéréo
Ordinateur équipé d’iTunes
Port
de sortie
Ports d’entrée
audio gauche et
droit de type RCA16 Utilisation de la borne AirPort Express
Configuration
1 Branchez votre AirPort Express à vos enceintes domestiques stéréo ou à vos enceintes
alimentées par amplifiés grâce à un câble numérique à fibres optiques, un câble analogique
mini stéréo vers double RCA ou un câble mini stéréo vers mini stéréo (selon le type du
connecteur de votre chaîne), branché sur la prise mini stéréo (-).
Remarque : vous ne pouvez pas utiliser des haut-parleurs USB amplifiés avec
l’AirPort Express.
2 Utilisez l’Assistant réglages AirPort pour créer un nouveau réseau (pour en savoir plus,
reportez-vous à la page 26).
3 Ouvrez iTunes sur votre ordinateur et choisissez votre chaîne stéréo ou vos haut-parleurs
dans le menu local des haut-parleurs situé en bas à droite de la fenêtre d’iTunes.
Les ordinateurs sans fil se trouvant dans le rayon de détection de l’AirPort Express
peuvent, sans fil, y diffuser de la musique à l’aide d’iTunes 4.6 ou ultérieur. Un seul
ordinateur à la fois peut diffuser de la musique sur l’AirPort Express. Vous ne pouvez
pas diffuser de la musique vers plus d’un AirPort Express à la fois.
Remarque : ne connectez pas l’AirPort Express à la prise phono de votre stéréo. Utilisation de la borne AirPort Express 17
Utilisation de l’AirPort Express sur un réseau sans fil existant
pour diffuser de la musique sur votre chaîne stéréo
Vous avez également la possibilité de connecter l’AirPort Express à un réseau sans fil et
d’utiliser AirTunes pour diffuser de la musique sur votre chaîne stéréo depuis iTunes. En
connectant AirPort Express à votre réseau existant, vous pouvez placer AirPort Express
dans une autre pièce, dans la portée de votre réseau.
Schéma des connexions
Modem DSL ou câble
Vers Internet
Chaîne stéréo
Port de sortie
Borne d’accès
AirPort Extreme
Vers port Ethernet18 Utilisation de la borne AirPort Express
Pour accéder au réseau sans fil, utilisez le menu d’état d’AirPort dans la barre des menus
de votre Mac. Sur un ordinateur Windows 2000 ou Windows XP, maintenez le curseur sur
l’icône de la connexion sans fil jusqu’à ce que vous voyiez apparaître le nom de votre
réseau AirPort (SSID) et sélectionnez-le dans la liste si plusieurs réseaux sont disponibles.
Il existe d’autres façons de connecter votre AirPort Express à votre chaîne stéréo.
Si votre ordinateur est doté d’une carte AirPort Extreme ou d’une carte sans fil compatible
pour Windows XP ou Windows 2000, vous pouvez utiliser AirTunes pour écouter de la
musique issue d’iTunes sur une chaîne stéréo branchée à votre AirPort Express.
Modem DSL ou câble
Vers Internet
Chaîne stéréo
Port de sortieUtilisation de la borne AirPort Express 19
Vous pouvez également connecter votre AirPort Express à Internet et fournir ainsi un accès
à Internet aux ordinateurs qui se joignent au réseau. Connectez votre AirPort Express à
votre chaîne stéréo afin que les ordinateurs du réseau dotés d’une carte AirPort Extreme
ou dotés de cartes 802.11g compatibles puissent utiliser iTunes pour diffuser de la musique
sur la chaîne stéréo.
Modem DSL ou câble
Vers Internet
Chaîne
stéréo
Port Ethernet Port de sortie20 Utilisation de la borne AirPort Express
Câbles audio et câble d’alimentation facultatifs
Vous pouvez vous procurer le kit de connexion stéréo facultatif de l’AirPort Express
contenant des câbles Monster pour connecter votre AirPort Express à votre chaîne
stéréo ou à vos haut-parleurs. Ce kit comprend des connecteurs analogiques mini-jack
stéréo vers double RCA, un câble numérique à fibres optiques Toslink et un câble
d’alimentation.
 Connectez le câble analogique à votre chaîne stéréo si celle-ci utilise des câbles
analogiques standard.
 Connectez le câble numérique à fibres optiques si votre chaîne stéréo possède un port
numérique Toslink.
 Connectez le câble d’alimentation si vous configurez votre AirPort Express à distance
d’une prise de courant.
Câble mini-jack stéréo vers RCA
Câble numérique à fibres optiques
Toslink vers mini-jack
Câble d’alimentationUtilisation de la borne AirPort Express 21
Utilisation de l’AirPort Express pour le partage
d’une imprimante USB
Lorsque vous branchez une imprimante USB à votre AirPort Express, tous les ordinateurs
du réseau sans fil peuvent l’utiliser.
Schéma des connexions
Configuration
1 Reliez l’imprimante au port USB (d) de la borne AirPort Express à l’aide d’un câble USB.
Port USB
Imprimante partagée22 Utilisation de la borne AirPort Express
2 Utilisez l’Assistant réglages AirPort pour créer un réseau ou rejoignez un réseau sans fil
existant.
Pour partager l’imprimante, les ordinateurs sans fil doivent utiliser Mac OS X 10.2.7
ou ultérieur, ou bien Windows 2000 ou Windows XP (Service Pack 2).
Pour utiliser l’imprimante depuis un ordinateur Mac OS X :
1 Ouvrez l’utilitaire Configuration d’imprimante (situé dans Applications/Utilitaires).
2 Sélectionnez l’imprimante dans la liste.
Si l’imprimante ne figure pas sur la liste, cliquez sur Ajouter, puis choisissez Bonjour
dans le menu local avant de sélectionner l’imprimante dans la liste.
Pour utiliser l’imprimante depuis un ordinateur Windows :
1 Ouvrez le Panneau de configuration depuis le menu Démarrer, puis double-cliquez
sur Imprimantes et télécopieurs.
2 Cliquez sur Ajouter une imprimante et suivez les instructions à l’écran.
3 Sélectionnez “Imprimante locale connectée à cet ordinateur” et désélectionnez
“Détection et installation automatique de l’imprimante Plug-and-Play”.
4 Dans la fenêtre “Sélectionner un port d’imprimante”, cliquez sur “Créer un nouveau port”,
puis choisissez Standard TCP/IP Port dans le menu local.
5 Cliquez sur Suivant et suivez les instructions à l’écran.
6 Dans le champ Nom d’imprimante ou adresse IP, tapez 10.0.1.1. Le nom de port généré
est “IP_10.0.1.1”.
Remarque : si vous avez modifié l’adresse IP de votre AirPort Express, utilisez cette nouvelle
adresse au lieu de taper 10.0.1.1. Le port prendra le nom de l’adresse que vous saisissez.
7 Sélectionnez Standard dans la zone Type de périphérique, puis choisissez votre
imprimante dans la liste.Utilisation de la borne AirPort Express 23
Extension de la portée d’un réseau AirPort Extreme
ou AirPort Express existant
Vous avez la possibilité de connecter une borne AirPort Express supplémentaire pour
étendre la portée de votre réseau AirPort Extreme ou AirPort Express existant. L’ajout
d’une borne d’accès ou de l’AirPort Express à un réseau existant crée un système de
distribution sans fil WDS.
Si le réseau AirPort est connecté à Internet, les ordinateurs peuvent alors se connecter
au réseau AirPort et partager la connexion Internet.
Schéma des connexions
Salle de séjour Salle à manger Salon
Vers Internet
Borne d’accès
AirPort Extreme
Modem DSL
ou cable24 Utilisation de la borne AirPort Express
Configuration
1 Vous devez posséder un réseau AirPort créé par une borne d’accès AirPort Extreme
ou un AirPort Express. Pour pouvoir partager l’accès à Internet, le réseau doit être au
préalable connecté à Internet. La borne d’accès connectée est appelée borne d’accès
principale et partage sa connexion à Internet avec votre AirPort Express.
2 Utilisez l’Assistant réglages AirPort pour étendre la portée de votre réseau.
(Reportez-vous à la section “Configuration de l’AirPort Express” à la page 26.)
Les deux bornes d’accès utilisent la technologie sans fil pour partager la connexion
Internet avec les ordinateurs clients, ou la technologie Ethernet si les ordinateurs
clients sont reliés par Ethernet.Utilisation de la borne AirPort Express 25
Utilisation d’AirPort Express avec votre réseau AirPort Extreme
L’illustration ci-dessous montre un réseau sans fil regroupant tous les exemples
précédemment cités.
Configuration
 Utilisez l’Assistant réglages AirPort pour créer un nouveau réseau, accéder à un
réseau AirPort Extreme ou AirPort Express et profiter de toutes les fonctions de
l’Airport Express.
Modem DSL
Vers port de sortie Vers port USB ou câble
Vers Internet
Vers port
Ethernet
Salle de séjour Salon
Borne d’accès
AirPort Extreme26
3 Configuration de
l’AirPort Express
Ce chapitre contient des informations et des
instructions sur l’utilisation du logiciel de l’AirPort
Express pour configurer votre AirPort Express.
Utilisez les schémas du chapitre précédent pour vous aider à décider de l’endroit où
vous souhaitez utiliser votre AirPort Express, et des fonctionnalités que vous souhaitez
configurer sur votre réseau AirPort. Utilisez ensuite les instructions de ce chapitre pour
configurer facilement l’AirPort Express et votre réseau AirPort.
Le logiciel de l’AirPort Express vous permet de :
 Configurer un nouveau réseau que des ordinateurs sans fil peuvent utiliser pour
communiquer entre eux. Si vous configurez votre AirPort Express comme une borne
d’accès et la connectez à Internet, des ordinateurs sans fil pourront également
partager la connexion Internet.
 Connecter votre AirPort Express à votre réseau sans fil existant (ou bien créez-en un),
utiliser AirTunes pour écouter de la musique d’iTunes sur votre chaîne stéréo ou vos
haut-parleurs amplifiés ainsi que partager une imprimante USB.Configuration de l’AirPort Express 27
 Connecter votre AirPort Express à votre réseau AirPort Extreme ou l’AirPort Express
existant et étendre la portée de ce réseau en utilisant l’AirPort Express comme un
pont sans fil. Cette méthode est appelée système de distribution sans fil (WDS).
Vous pouvez utiliser AirTunes pour écouter des morceaux de musique d’iTunes et
partager une imprimante USB quel que soit le type de réseau que vous configurez,
qu’il s’agisse d’un nouveau réseau ou d’un accès à un réseau existant.
Si vous possédez plusieurs bornes AirPort Express, vous pouvez par exemple en brancher
une à la chaîne stéréo de votre salon et une autre aux haut-parleurs amplifiés de votre
bureau. À l’aide d’AirTunes, vous pouvez diffuser votre musique d’iTunes sur l’une ou
l’autre borne AirPort Express, selon la pièce de la maison dans laquelle vous vous trouvez.
Choisissez pour cela le nom de la borne AirPort Express que vous souhaitez utiliser dans
le menu local des haut-parleurs d’iTunes.
Ce chapitre explique comment utiliser l’Assistant réglages AirPort pour configurer votre
réseau et d’autres fonctionnalités de votre AirPort Express. Pour en savoir plus sur la mise
en réseau sans fil et sur les fonctionnalités avancées d’AirPort, consultez les documents
“Création de réseaux AirPort” ou “Réseaux AirPort pour Windows”, situés sur le CD de
l’AirPort Express et sur le site www.apple.com/fr/airportextreme.
Vous pouvez effectuer la plupart des opérations d’installation et de configuration
de votre réseau à l’aide de l’Assistant réglages AirPort. Pour configurer des options
avancées, il vous faudra utiliser l’Utilitaire Admin AirPort. Voir “Réglage des options
avancées” à la page 32.28 Configuration de l’AirPort Express
Utilisation de l’Assistant réglages AirPort
Pour configurer votre AirPort Express afin qu’elle utilise AirPort pour l’accès à Internet et la
mise en réseau sans fil, utilisez l’Assistant réglages AirPort. L’assistant est automatiquement
installé, à partir du CD AirPort Express, sur votre ordinateur en même temps que le logiciel.
Sur un ordinateur Macintosh Mac OS X 10.3 ou ultérieur :
m Ouvrez l’Assistant réglages AirPort, situé dans Applications/Utilitaires, et suivez
les instructions à l’écran.
Sur un ordinateur Windows XP (Service Pack 2) ou Windows 2000 :
m Ouvrez l’Assistant réglages AirPort, situé dans Démarrer > Tous les programmes > AirPort.
Vous devrez répondre à une série de questions concernant le type de réseau que vous
souhaitez utiliser et les services que vous souhaitez configurer. L’Assistant réglages
AirPort vous aide à saisir les réglages adaptés au réseau que vous configurez.Configuration de l’AirPort Express 29
Si vous utilisez la borne AirPort Express pour vous connecter à Internet, vous devez
disposer d’un compte à large bande (modem DSL ou câble) auprès d’un fournisseur
d’accès à Internet. Ce service est éventuellement payant. Si vous avez reçu des
informations particulières de votre FAI (telles qu’une adresse IP statique ou l’identifiant
du client DHCP), il vous faudra les saisir dans l’Assistant réglages AirPort. Regroupez
toutes ces informations avant de configurer votre AirPort Express.
Création d’un nouveau réseau sans fil
Vous pouvez utiliser l’Assistant réglages AirPort pour créer un réseau sans fil. L’Assistant
réglages AirPort vous guidera tout au long des étapes nécessaires pour nommer votre
réseau, protéger votre réseau avec un mot de passe et configurer d’autres options.
Si vous prévoyez d’utiliser AirTunes pour écouter des morceaux de musique d’iTunes sur
votre chaîne stéréo, connectez un câble numérique à fibres optiques Toslink ou un câble
mini-jack stéréo vers double RCA au port de sortie de la borne AirPort Express (-) et à
votre chaîne stéréo.
Si vous prévoyez de partager une imprimante USB sur votre réseau, connectez
l’imprimante au port USB (d) de la borne AirPort Express.
Après avoir connecté le câble audio et le câble de l’imprimante USB :
m Ouvrez l’Assistant réglages AirPort se trouvant dans Applications/Utilitaires sur Macintosh
ou dans Démarrer > Tous les programmes > AirPort sur un ordinateur fonctionnant sous
Windows XP ou Windows 2000. Suivez les instructions à l’écran pour créer un réseau.30 Configuration de l’AirPort Express
Configuration et partage de l’accès à Internet
Si vous prévoyez de partager votre connexion Internet avec les ordinateurs du réseau
configurés pour la communication sans fil, vous devez configurer votre AirPort Express
en tant que borne d’accès AirPort. Une fois qu’elle est configurée, les ordinateurs peuvent
accéder à Internet via le réseau AirPort. La borne d’accès se connecte à Internet et
transmet les informations aux ordinateurs via le réseau AirPort.
Avant d’utiliser l’Assistant réglages AirPort pour configurer votre borne d’accès, branchez
votre modem câble ou DSL au port Ethernet (G) d’AirPort Express. Si vous vous
connectez à Internet via un réseau Ethernet existant, vous pouvez alors connecter
l’AirPort Express au réseau Ethernet. Si vous prévoyez d’utiliser AirTunes pour écouter
des morceaux de musique d’iTunes sur votre chaîne stéréo, connectez un câble audio
au mini-jack audio numérique optique et analogique (-) et à votre chaîne stéréo.
Utilisez l’Assistant réglages AirPort pour saisir les réglages de votre FAI et configurer
le mode de partage de ces réglages entre l’AirPort Express et les autres ordinateurs.
m Ouvrez l’Assistant réglages AirPort se trouvant dans Applications/Utilitaires sur Macintosh
ou dans Démarrer > Tous les programmes > AirPort sur un ordinateur fonctionnant sous
Windows XP ou Windows 2000. Suivez les instructions à l’écran pour configurer et
partager l’accès Internet sur votre AirPort Express.Configuration de l’AirPort Express 31
Connexion à un réseau sans fil existant
Vous pouvez utiliser l’Assistant réglages AirPort pour accéder à un réseau sans fil existant.
Lorsque vous connectez la borne AirPort Express à votre chaîne stéréo, les ordinateurs
de votre réseau sans fil peuvent alors utiliser AirTunes pour écouter des morceaux de
musique d’iTunes sur la chaîne stéréo. Lorsque vous connectez une imprimante USB
à votre AirPort Express, tous les ordinateurs du réseau peuvent l’utiliser.
Avant d’utiliser l’Assistant réglages AirPort, vérifiez que le câble audio est bien branché
à votre chaîne stéréo et que le câble USB est relié à votre imprimante.
m Ouvrez l’Assistant réglages AirPort se trouvant dans Applications/Utilitaires sur Macintosh
ou dans Démarrer > Tous les programmes > AirPort sur un ordinateur fonctionnant sous
Windows XP ou Windows 2000. Suivez les instructions à l’écran pour configurer et
connecter votre AirPort Express à votre réseau sans fil.
Extension de la portée d’un réseau AirPort Extreme
ou AirPort Express existant
Vous pouvez étendre la portée d’un réseau sans fil AirPort Express ou AirPort Extreme
en le configurant comme membre d’un WDS. Les ordinateurs sans fil pourront alors se
connecter au réseau et partager la connexion Internet et des fichiers ou jouer en réseau.
Si vous connectez l’AirPort Express à votre chaîne stéréo, les ordinateurs de votre réseau
sans fil peuvent alors utiliser AirTunes pour écouter des morceaux de musique d’iTunes
sur la chaîne stéréo. Lorsque vous connectez une imprimante USB à votre AirPort Express,
tous les ordinateurs du réseau peuvent l’utiliser.
m Ouvrez l’Assistant AirPort Express et suivez les instructions à l’écran pour étendre
la portée de votre réseau AirPort Extreme ou AirPort Express.
Remarque : l’extension de la portée d’un réseau avec WDS peut réduire les performances
globales du réseau.32 Configuration de l’AirPort Express
Réglage des options avancées
Pour régler les options avancées, utilisez l’Utilitaire Admin AirPort.
Vous pouvez utiliser l’Utilitaire Admin AirPort pour configurer les réglages avancés de
la borne d’accès, tels que les options de sécurité avancées, les réseaux fermés, la durée
de bail DHCP, le contrôle d’accès, la confidentialité WAN, les réglages de puissance, le
changement de nom de l’imprimante USB, le mappage de port et plus encore.
Pour régler les options avancées :
1 Sélectionnez le réseau sans fil que vous souhaitez modifier. Sur un Mac, utilisez le menu
d’état d’AirPort dans la barre des menus. Sur un ordinateur Windows 2000 ou Windows XP,
maintenez le curseur sur l’icône de la connexion sans fil jusqu’à ce que vous voyiez
apparaître le nom de votre réseau AirPort (SSID) et sélectionnez-le dans la liste si plusieurs
réseaux sont disponibles.
2 Ouvrez l’Utilitaire Admin AirPort que vous trouverez dans Applications/Utilitaires sur un
Macintosh, et dans Démarrer > Programmes > AirPort sur un ordinateur Windows XP
ou Windows 2000.
3 Si plusieurs bornes d’accès figurent dans la liste, sélectionnez celle que vous souhaitez
configurer. Si la borne que vous souhaitez configurer ne figure pas dans cette liste,
cliquez sur Rescanner pour parcourir les bornes d’accès disponibles, puis sélectionnez
la borne d’accès voulue.
4 Si le système vous demande un mot de passe, saisissez-le, puis cliquez sur Configurer.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’Utilitaire Admin AirPort, consultez les documents “Création de
réseaux AirPort” ou “Réseaux AirPort pour Windows”, situés sur votre CD AirPort Express
et sur le site www.apple.com/fr/airport.33
4 AirPort Express
en déplacement
AirPort Express peut stocker des réglages pour
différents emplacements afin que vous puissiez
facilement le déplacer d’un endroit à l’autre.
L’AirPort Express peut stocker jusqu’à cinq configurations différentes, appelées profils.
Un profil contient les réglages de votre AirPort Express, tels que le nom et le mot de
passe du haut-parleur iTunes, ainsi que des informations sur le réseau, telles que le
nom et le mot de passe réseau.
Les profils sont utiles si vous déplacez votre AirPort Express d’un endroit à un autre. Par
exemple, vous pouvez configurer un profil pour votre AirPort Express à votre domicile,
où vous utilisez AirTunes pour diffuser de la musique sur votre chaîne stéréo à partir
d’iTunes et vous connecter à Internet via le protocole PPPoe. Vous pouvez également
configurer un autre profil pour utiliser AirPort Express à l’hôtel, où vous vous connectez
à Internet via le protocole DHCP.
Utilisez l’Utilitaire Admin AirPort dans Applications/Utilitaires sur Mac, et dans Démarrer >
Programmes > AirPort sur un ordinateur Windows XP ou Windows 2000, pour créer,
modifier, renommer et effacer des profils. 34 AirPort Express en déplacement
Pour créer un profil :
1 Ouvrez l’Utilitaire Admin AirPort, sélectionnez votre AirPort Express dans la liste
et cliquez sur Configurer.
2 Cliquez sur l’icône Profils dans la barre d’outils.
3 Cliquez sur Ajouter pour créer un nouveau profil, donnez-lui un nom, puis cliquez sur OK.
4 Définissez les options, telles que le nom du réseau, le nom du haut-parleur distant,
les mots de passe et le mode de connexion à Internet.
5 Une fois le réglage des options terminé, cliquez sur Mettre à jour.
Pour modifier un profil existant :
1 Ouvrez l’Utilitaire Admin AirPort, sélectionnez votre AirPort Express dans la liste et cliquez
sur Configurer.
2 Cliquez sur l’icône Profils dans la barre d’outils.
3 Sélectionnez un profil dans la liste et cliquez sur OK.
4 Modifiez les options du profil. Une fois les options modifiées, cliquez sur Mettre à jour
pour enregistrer le profil et le rendre actif sur votre AirPort Express.35
5 Astuces et dépannage
Vous pouvez rapidement résoudre la plupart
des problèmes liés à AirPort Express en suivant
les conseils donnés dans ce chapitre.
Le logiciel d’AirPort Express ne peut pas détecter le matériel AirPort approprié
Assurez-vous que l’ordinateur que vous utilisez est équipé d’une carte AirPort ou d’une
carte AirPort Extreme. Si vous avez installé la carte récemment, éteignez votre ordinateur et
vérifiez que la carte est installée correctement. Vérifiez que l’antenne AirPort est connectée
fermement à la carte (vous devez entendre un clic lorsque vous la connectez). Vérifiez que
la carte est fermement insérée dans le connecteur du logement de la carte AirPort.
Si vous utilisez un ordinateur Windows 2000 ou Windows XP, assurez-vous que
l’adaptateur ou la carte sans fil est installé correctement. Reportez-vous à la
documentation livrée avec votre ordinateur pour vérifier la connexion. Si vous
utilisez un ordinateur fonctionnant sous Windows XP, assurez-vous que vous
disposez bien du Service Pack 2.36 Astuces et dépannage
Impossible de diffuser de la musique sur votre chaîne stéréo à partir d’iTunes
Vérifiez qu’AirPort Express est branchée sur une prise de courant, qu’elle se trouve
dans le rayon de détection de votre ordinateur et que les câbles appropriés sont bien
connectés. Il vous faudra pour cela accéder au réseau AirPort Express.
Veillez à sélectionner votre AirPort Express dans le menu local des haut-parleurs
d’iTunes. Vérifiez que vous utilisez iTunes 4.6 ou ultérieur.
Impossible d’entendre la musique
Si un morceau est en cours de lecture (la barre de progression en haut de la fenêtre
iTunes avance) mais que vous n’entendez rien, vérifiez les points suivants :
 Si vous essayez d’écouter de la musique avec des haut-parleurs connectés à une
AirPort Express et que vous avez coché la case “Désactiver le contrôle de volume
pour les haut-parleurs distants” dans la sous-fenêtre Audio des Préférences iTunes,
vérifiez que vos haut-parleurs distants sont sélectionnés dans le menu local en bas
de la fenêtre iTunes et que le contrôle du volume des haut-parleurs distants n’est
pas au minimum.
Vous avez oublié votre mot de passe réseau ou AirPort Express
Vous pouvez effacer le mot de passe du réseau AirPort ou d’AirPort Express
en réinitialisant AirPort Express. Pour cela, procédez comme suit :
1 Utilisez l’extrémité d’un trombone déplié pour appuyer sur le bouton de réinitialisation
et le maintenir enfoncé pendant une seconde. Astuces et dépannage 37
2 Sélectionnez votre réseau AirPort.
 Sur un Macintosh, utilisez le menu d’état d’AirPort dans la barre des menus pour
sélectionner le réseau créé par l’AirPort Express (le nom du réseau reste inchangé).
 Sur un ordinateur Windows 2000 ou Windows XP, maintenez le curseur sur l’icône de
la connexion sans fil jusqu’à ce que vous voyiez apparaître le nom de votre réseau
AirPort (SSID) et sélectionnez-le dans la liste si plusieurs réseaux sont disponibles.
3 Ouvrez l’Utilitaire Admin AirPort (que vous trouverez dans Applications/Utilitaires
sur un Macintosh, et dans Démarrer > Programmes > AirPort sur un ordinateur
Windows XP ou Windows 2000).
4 Sélectionnez votre AirPort Express et cliquez sur Configurer.
5 Dans la zone de dialogue qui s’affiche, effectuez les changements suivants :
 Réinitialisez le mot de passe AirPort Express.
 Sélectionnez le cryptage pour activer la protection par mot passe de votre réseau
AirPort. Si vous activez le cryptage, tapez un nouveau mot de passe pour votre
réseau AirPort.
6 Cliquez sur OK.
AirPort Express redémarre pour charger les nouveaux réglages.
Votre AirPort Express ne répond pas
Essayez de la débrancher puis de la rebrancher sur une prise électrique.
Si votre AirPort Express ne répond plus du tout, vous devrez peut-être rétablir les
réglages d’origine par défaut. Cette opération efface tous les réglages que vous avez
effectués et rétablit ceux d’origine. 38 Astuces et dépannage
Le voyant d’état de votre AirPort Express est de couleur ambre et il clignote
Le câble Ethernet n’est peut-être pas connecté correctement ; l’AirPort Express est
peut-être hors du rayon de détection du réseau AirPort, ou bien il se peut qu’il y ait
un problème avec votre fournisseur d’accès Internet. Si vous êtes connecté à Internet
avec un modem câble ou DSL, le modem n’est peut-être plus connecté au réseau ou à
Internet. Même si le modem semble fonctionner correctement, débranchez le modem,
attendez quelques secondes puis rebranchez-le. Assurez-vous que l’AirPort Express est
directement connecté au modem via Ethernet avant de rebrancher le modem.
Si votre AirPort Express est configuré comme membre d’un WDS, le lien WDS est
peut-être interrompu.
Remarque : si l’AirPort Express est configuré comme un client sans fil et que le réseau
auquel il se joint est protégé par une liste de contrôle d’accès, l’AirPort Express doit
faire partie de cette liste pour pouvoir se connecter au réseau.
Pour revenir aux réglages d’origine de l’AirPort Express :
m Utilisez le bout d’un trombone déplié pour pouvoir appuyer et maintenir enfoncé
le bouton de réinitialisation jusqu’à ce que le voyant d’état clignote rapidement
(pendant environ 5 secondes).
AirPort Express redémarre avec les réglages suivants :
 L’AirPort Express reçoit son adresse IP via DHCP.
 Le nom du réseau redevient Réseau Apple XXXXXX (où X est une lettre ou un chiffre).
 Le mot de passe AirPort Express redevient public.
Si vous avez utilisé l’Utilitaire Admin AirPort pour créer des profils pour votre
AirPort Express, ces profils sont conservés lorsque vous réinitialisez AirPort Express.Astuces et dépannage 39
Si vous souhaitez revenir aux réglages d’origine de l’AirPort Express et supprimer
des profils que vous aviez configurés :
1 Débranchez l’AirPort Express.
2 Utilisez l’extrémité d’un trombone déplié pour maintenir le bouton de réinitialisation
enfoncé pendant que vous branchez l’AirPort Express.
Votre imprimante ne répond pas
Si vous avez connecté une imprimante au port USB de l’AirPort Express et que les
ordinateurs du réseau AirPort ne peuvent pas imprimer, procédez comme suit :
1 Assurez-vous que l’imprimante est branchée et allumée.
2 Assurez-vous que les câbles sont bien connectés à l’imprimante et au port USB
de l’AirPort Express.
3 Assurez-vous que l’imprimante est bien sélectionnée dans la fenêtre Liste
d’imprimantes des ordinateurs clients. Pour ce faire, sur un ordinateur Mac OS X 10.3
ou ultérieur :
 Ouvrez l’utilitaire Réglages imprimante, dans Applications/Utilitaires.
 Si l’imprimante n’est pas dans la liste, cliquez sur Ajouter.
 Sélectionnez Bonjour dans le menu local.
 Sélectionnez l’imprimante et cliquez sur Ajouter.
Pour sélectionner votre imprimante sur un ordinateur Windows XP ou Windows 2000 :
 Ouvrez le Panneau de configuration depuis le menu Démarrer, puis double-cliquez
sur Imprimantes et télécopieurs.
 Sélectionnez l’imprimante. Si l’imprimante ne figure pas dans la liste, cliquez
sur Ajouter une imprimante puis suivez les instructions à l’écran.40 Astuces et dépannage
4 Éteignez l’imprimante, attendez quelques secondes puis rallumez-la.
Pour en savoir plus sur la configuration d’une imprimante sur un ordinateur Windows,
consultez “Pour utiliser l’imprimante depuis un ordinateur Windows :” à la page 22.
Vous souhaitez mettre à jour votre logiciel AirPort
Apple met régulièrement à jour le logiciel AirPort afin d’en améliorer les performances
et d’ajouter de nouvelles fonctionnalités. Il est recommandé de mettre à jour votre
AirPort Express pour utiliser le logiciel le plus récent. Pour télécharger la dernière version
du logiciel AirPort Express, rendez-vous sur le site www.apple.com/fr/airport.
Considérations sur le placement de l’AirPort Express
Les recommandations suivantes peuvent permettre à votre AirPort Express d’atteindre
une portée sans fil maximale et une couverture réseau optimale.
 Placez votre AirPort Express dans un endroit dégagé avec peu d’obstacles tels que des
meubles imposants ou des murs. Essayez de la tenir éloignée des surfaces métalliques.
 Si vous placez votre AirPort Express derrière un meuble, laissez au moins trois
centimètres entre la borne AirPort Express et le bord du meuble.
 Évitez de placer votre AirPort Express dans des zones entourées de surfaces
métalliques sur trois côtés ou plus.
 Si vous placez votre AirPort Express à proximité d’autres appareils électriques tels
que la chaîne stéréo, évitez d’entourer complètement l’AirPort Express de câbles
d’alimentation, audio ou vidéo. Positionnez votre AirPort Express de façon que les
câbles passent d’un seul côté. Laissez autant d’espace que possible entre l’AirPort
Express et les câbles.
 Si vous placez votre AirPort Express derrière votre équipement stéréo, placez-la
sur le côté. Évitez de la centrer derrière la chaîne stéréo.Astuces et dépannage 41
 Essayez de placer votre AirPort Express à 7,5 mètres au moins d’un four à micro-ondes,
d’un téléphone sans fil de 2,4 GHz, ou d’autres sources d’interférences.
Éléments pouvant provoquer des interférences avec Airport
Plus la source d’interférences est éloignée, plus le risque de problème est faible.
Les éléments suivants peuvent provoquer des interférences avec Airport :
 Les fours à micro-ondes.
 Les pertes de fréquence radio DSS (Direct Satellite Service).
 Le câble coaxial d’origine fourni avec certains types d’antennes paraboliques.
Contactez le fabricant du produit pour obtenir des câbles plus récents.
 Certains dispositifs électriques tels que les lignes électriques, les voies ferrées
électrifiées et les centrales électriques.
 Les téléphones sans fil qui fonctionnent sur la fréquence porteuse de 2,4 gigahertz
(GHz). Si vous rencontrez des problèmes avec votre téléphone ou avec la
communication avec AirPort, changez le canal utilisé par votre borne d’accès
ou par l’AirPort Express ou bien celui utilisé par votre téléphone.
 Des bornes d’accès adjacentes qui utilisent des canaux voisins. Ainsi, si une
borne d’accès A est réglée sur le canal 1, la borne B doit être réglée sur le canal 4
ou supérieur.42
6 En savoir plus, service aprèsvente et support
Vous trouverez davantage d’informations sur
l’utilisation de la borne AirPort Express sur votre
disque dur, sur le Web et dans l’aide en ligne.
Ressources en ligne
Pour obtenir les toutes dernières informations sur la borne AirPort Express, rendez-vous
sur le site www.apple.com/fr/airport.
Pour enregistrer l’AirPort Express (si vous ne l’avez pas déjà fait lors de l’installation
du logiciel à partir du CD de l’AirPort Express), rendez-vous sur le site
www.apple.com/register.
Pour plus d’informations sur le service après-vente et le support d’AirPort,
des forums avec des informations et des retours sur différents produits, et
les versions les plus récentes des logiciels Apple à télécharger, rendez-vous
sur le site www.apple.com/fr/support/airport.
Pour le support en dehors des États-Unis, rendez-vous sur le site
www.apple.com/fr/support et choisissez votre pays dans le menu local.En savoir plus, service après-vente et support 43
Aide en ligne
m Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation d’AirPort, ouvrez l’Utilitaire Admin AirPort
et choisissez Aide > Aide AirPort.
Obtention d’un service de garantie
Si le produit est endommagé ou ne fonctionne pas correctement, suivez les conseils
de cette brochure, de l’aide à l’écran et des ressources en ligne.
Si l’unité ne fonctionne toujours pas, rendez-vous sur le site www.apple.com/fr/support
pour obtenir des instructions sur l’obtention d’un service de garantie.
Où trouver le numéro de série de votre AirPort Express
Le numéro de série est imprimé à l’arrière de votre AirPort Express. 44
7 Caractéristiques
de l’AirPort Express
Caractéristiques de l’AirPort
 Vitesse de transfert des données sans fil : jusqu’à 54 mégabits par seconde (Mbps)
 Portée : jusqu’à 45 mètres en utilisation normale (selon l’environnement)
 Bande de fréquence : 2,4 gigahertz (GHz)
 Alimentation de la sortie radio : 15 dBm (nominale)
 Normes : 802.11 DSSS 1 et 2 Mbps standard, 802.11b et caractéristique 802.11g
Interfaces
 Connecteur LAN Ethernet RJ-45 pour la mise en réseau 10/100Base-T intégrée (G)
 Impression USB (Universal Serial Bus) (d)
 Mini-jack optique analogique/numérique de 3,5 mm
 AirPort Extreme
Conditions ambiantes
 Température de fonctionnement : de 0° à 35° C (32° à 95° F)
 Température de stockage : de -25° à 60° C (-13° à 140° F)
 Humidité relative (en fonctionnement) : de 20 % à 80 %
 Humidité relative (en stockage) : de 10 % à 90 % (sans condensation)Caractéristiques de l’AirPort Express 45
 Altitude de fonctionnement : de 0 à 3 048 m (de 0 à 10 000 pieds)
 Altitude maximale de stockage : 4 572 m (15 000 pieds)
Taille et poids
 Hauteur : 94 mm
 Largeur : 75 mm
 Épaisseur : 28,5 mm
 Poids : 188 grammes
Adresses matérielles
Deux adresses matérielles pour l’AirPort sont imprimées sur le côté du boîtier :
 L’identifiant AirPort : adresse utilisée pour identifier l’AirPort Express sur un réseau
sans fil.
 Le numéro Ethernet : également appelé adresse MAC. Il vous faudra peut-être
communiquer cette adresse à votre FAI pour connecter la borne AirPort Express
à Internet.
Utilisation d’AirPort Express
 La seule façon d’éteindre complètement votre AirPort Express est de la débrancher
de sa source d’alimentation.
 Lorsque vous branchez ou débranchez votre AirPort Express, tenez-la toujours par
les côtés. Éloignez vos doigts de la partie métallique de la prise.
 Votre AirPort Express est un composant haute tension et ne doit en aucun cas être
ouverte, même lorsqu’elle est débranchée. Si votre AirPort Express doit être réparée,
consultez la rubrique “En savoir plus, service après-vente et support” à la page 42. 46 Caractéristiques de l’AirPort Express
 N’insérez jamais de force un connecteur dans les ports. Si le connecteur ne s’emboîte
pas facilement dans le port, c’est probablement qu’ils ne sont pas compatibles. Vérifiez
que le connecteur est adapté au port et qu’il est correctement positionné par rapport
à celui-ci.
 Si vous utilisez le câble d’alimentation facultatif, évitez de laisser pendre la borne
AirPort Express en la tenant par le câble.
À propos des températures d’exploitation et de stockage
 Pendant que vous utilisez votre AirPort Express, il est normal que le boîtier chauffe.
Le boîtier de l’AirPort Express agit comme une surface de refroidissement qui transfère
la chaleur de l’intérieur de l’unité vers l’air extérieur plus frais.
Évitez les endroits humides
 Tenez l’AirPort Express à l’écart des sources de liquides, telles que les boissons,
les lavabos, les baignoires, les cabines de douche, etc.
 Protégez la borne AirPort Express de la lumière directe du soleil ou de la pluie
ou d’autre source d’humidité.
 Prenez garde à ne pas renverser de nourriture ou de liquide sur votre AirPort Express.
Si tel est le cas, débranchez l’AirPort Express avant de nettoyer.
Si c’est un liquide qui a été renversé, il faudra peut-être envoyer l’appareil à Apple pour
réparation. Reportez-vous à la section “En savoir plus, service après-vente et support” à
la page 42.
Avertissement : pour réduire le risque d’électrocution ou de blessure, n’utilisez pas votre
AirPort Express dans des emplacements mouillés ou humides ni à proximité de ceux-ci.Caractéristiques de l’AirPort Express 47
N’effectuez pas vous-même les réparations
À propos de la manipulation
Votre AirPort Express peut être endommagée à la suite d’une manipulation ou d’un
stockage inapproprié. Prenez garde à ne pas laisser tomber votre AirPort Express en
la transportant.
Avertissement : n’essayez pas d’ouvrir ou de démonter votre AirPort Express.
Vous risqueriez de vous électrocuter et d’annuler la garantie. Aucune pièce
réparable par l’utilisateur ne se trouve à l’intérieur.48
Communications Regulation Information
FCC Declaration of Conformity
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1)
This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)
this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired
operation. See instructions if interference to radio or
television reception is suspected.
Radio and Television Interference
This computer equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and
used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s
instructions—it may cause interference with radio and
television reception.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply
with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance
with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These
specifications are designed to provide reasonable
protection against such interference in a residential
installation. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation.
You can determine whether your computer system is
causing interference by turning it off. If the interference
stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of
the peripheral devices.
If your computer system does cause interference to
radio or television reception, try to correct the
interference by using one or more of the following
measures:
 Turn the television or radio antenna until the
interference stops.
 Move the computer to one side or the other of the
television or radio.
 Move the computer farther away from the television or
radio.
 Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different
circuit from the television or radio. (That is, make
certain the computer and the television or radio are on
circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or
fuses.)
If necessary, consult an Apple Authorized Service
Provider or Apple. See the service and support
information that came with your Apple product. Or,
consult an experienced radio/television technician for
additional suggestions.
Important: Changes or modifications to this product not
authorized by Apple Computer, Inc. could void the EMC
compliance and negate your authority to operate the
product.
This product was tested for FCC compliance under
conditions that included the use of Apple peripheral
devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors
between system components. It is important that you
use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and
connectors between system components to reduce the
possibility of causing interference to radios, television
sets, and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple
peripheral devices and the proper shielded cables and
connectors through an Apple-authorized dealer. For
non-Apple peripheral devices, contact the manufacturer
or dealer for assistance. Responsible party (contact for FCC matters only): Apple
Computer, Inc., Product Compliance, 1 Infinite Loop M/S
26-A, Cupertino, CA 95014-2084, 408-974-2000.
Industry Canada Statement
This Class B device meets all requirements of the
Canadian interference-causing equipment regulations.
Cet appareil numérique “Class B” respecte toutes les
exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du
Canada.
VCCI Class B Statement
Europe : déclaration de conformité EU
Conforme aux directives européennes 72/23/EEC,
89/336/1999/5 Pour obtenir plus d’informations,
rendez-vous sur www.apple.com/euro/compliance.
Union Européenne : informations
sur l’élimination
Ce symbole signifie que vous devez vous débarasser de
votre produit sans le mélanger avec les ordures ménagères,
selon les normes et la législation de votre pays. Lorsque
ce produit n’est plus utilisable, portez-le dans un centre
de traitement des déchets agréé par les autorités locales.
Certains centres acceptent les produits gratuitement. Le
traitement et le recyclage séparé de votre produit lors
de son élimination aideront à préserver les ressources
naturelles et à protéger l’environnement et la santé des
êtres humains.
© 2005 Apple Computer, Inc. Tous droits réservés.
Apple, le logo Apple, AirPort, iTunes, Mac, Macintosh
et Mac OS sont des marques d’Apple Computer, Inc.
déposées aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays. AirPort
Express, AirTunes et Bonjour sont des marques d’Apple
Computer Inc.
www.apple.com/fr/airport
www.apple.com/fr/support/airport
F019-0415
Color
Manuel de
l'utilisateurK Apple Inc.
© 2007 Apple Computer, Inc. Tous droits réservés.
Vos droits sur le logiciel sont définis par le contrat de
licence l’accompagnant. Le propriétaire ou l’utilisateur
autorisé d’une copie valide du logiciel Final Cut Studio
a le droit de reproduire la présente publication à des fins
d’apprentissage dudit logiciel. Il est interdit de reproduire ou de transmettre tout ou partie de la présente
publication à des fins commerciales, par exemple pour
vendre des copies de ladite publication ou fournir un
service d’assistance payant.
Le logo Apple est une marque d’Apple Inc. déposée aux
États-Unis et dans d’autres pays. En l’absence du consentement écrit d’Apple, l’utilisation à des fins commerciales
de ce logo via le clavier (Option + 1) pourra constituer un
acte de contrefaçon et/ou de concurrence déloyale.
Tous les efforts possibles ont été faits pour assurer
l’exactitude des informations qui figurent dans ce
manuel. Apple n’est pas responsable des erreurs
d’écriture ou d’impression.
Remarque : étant donné qu’Apple commercialise fré-
quemment de nouvelles versions et mises à jour de son
logiciel système, de ses applications et de ses sites Internet, les illustrations du présent ouvrage peuvent différer
légèrement de ce qui s’affiche sur votre écran.
Apple Inc.
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014-2084
408-996-1010
www.apple.com
Apple, le logo Apple, DVD Studio Pro, Final Cut,
Final Cut Pro, FireWire, LiveType, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS,
QuickTime et Shake sont des marques d’Apple Inc. déposées aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays.
Cinema Tools et Finder sont des marques d’Apple Inc.
Les autres noms de sociétés ou de produits mentionnés
ici sont des marques de leurs détenteurs respectifs. L’évocation de produits tiers est faite à titre informatif uniquement et ne constitue ni une approbation ni une
recommandation. Apple décline toute responsabilité concernant les performances et l’utilisation de ces produits. 3
1 Table des matières
Préface 9 Color Documentation et ressources
9 Nature de Color ?
10 Utilisation de la documentation de Color
11 Sites web Color
11 Site web de service et d’assistance Apple
Chapitre 1 13 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs)
13 Définition de l’étalonnage
17 Quand se déroule le processus d’étalonnage ?
24 Étalonnage dans Color
26 Normes d’encodage des images
31 Concepts de base liés aux couleurs et à l’imagerie
Chapitre 2 39 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
40 Aperçu du flux de production Color
42 Limitations de Color
44 Flux de production pour la finalisation de la vidéo à l’aide de Final Cut Pro
53 Importation de projets à partir d’autres applications de montage vidéo
57 Utilisation de Color dans un flux de production intermédiaire numérique
66 Utilisation des listes de montage, du timecode et des numéros d’images pour la conformation des projets
Chapitre 3 69 Utilisation de l’interface Color
70 Configuration d’une surface de contrôle
70 Utilisation des contrôles d’écran
75 Navigateurs et chutiers pour organiser les fichiers
82 Utilisation de Color avec un ou deux écrans
Chapitre 4 83 Importation et gestion de projets et de données
84 Création et ouverture de projets
85 Enregistrement de projets et d’archives
89 Transfert de projets entre Final Cut Pro et Color
94 Reconformation de projets
95 Importation de listes de montage (EDL)4 Table des matières
97 Exportation de listes EDL
98 Rétablissement du lien avec les données QuickTime
99 Importation de données directement dans le plan de montage
99 Formats de données compatibles
104 Conversion de séquences d’images Cineon et DPX au format QuickTime
105 Importation des corrections de couleurs
106 Exportation d’images JPEG
Chapitre 5 107 Setup (Configuration)
108 Le navigateur de fichiers
109 Le navigateur de plans
115 Chutier des jeux d’étalonnage
115 Onglet Project Settings
121 Onglet Messages
122 Onglet User Preferences
Chapitre 6 133 Contrôle
133 Fenêtre Scopes
135 Contrôle de la sortie vidéo de diffusion
138 Utilisation des tables de conversion d’affichage
143 Contrôle du magasin d’images fixes (Still Store)
Chapitre 7 145 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage
146 Principaux éléments de l’interface utilisateur du plan de montage (Timeline)
148 Personnalisation de l’interface du plan de montage
149 Utilisation des pistes
151 Sélection du plan actuel
151 Lecture dans le plan de montage
154 Navigation à l’intérieur du plan de montage
156 Sélection de plans dans le plan de montage
157 Utilisation des jeux d’étalonnage dans le plan de montage
158 Onglets de réglages
160 Contrôles et procédures de montage
Chapitre 8 167 Vidéoscopes
168 Quels sont les vidéoscopes disponibles ?
171 Options des vidéoscopes
173 Analyse d’images par le biais de vidéoscopes
Chapitre 9 191 Primary In
192 Objectifs de l’utilisation du studio Primary In
195 Utilisation des commandes de contraste Primary
197 Réglage du contraste dans les zones d’ombres, de tons intermédiaires et de hautes
lumièresTable des matières 5
209 Utilisation des commandes Color Balance
213 Description détaillée des corrections des ombres, des tons intermédiaires et des hautes
lumières
220 Commandes Curves
233 Onglet Basic
237 Onglet Advanced
239 Auto Balance
Chapitre 10 241 Secondaries
242 Fonctions du studio Secondaries
243 Premiers pas
244 Choix de la région à corriger à l’aide des qualificateurs HSL
252 Onglet Previews
254 Isolement d’une zone à l’aide des commandes de vignette
261 Ajustement des parties interne et externe de la sélection
263 Utilisation des courbes secondaires
268 Commandes de réinitialisation
Chapitre 11 269 Color FX
270 L’interface Color FX
270 Utilisation de Color FX
272 Création et connexion de nœuds
274 Ajustement des paramètres des nœuds
276 Omission de nœuds
276 Création d’effets dans le studio Color FX
282 Utilisation de Color FX avec des plans entrelacés
283 Enregistrement des effets préférés dans le chutier Color FX
284 Guide de référence des nœuds
Chapitre 12 295 Primary Out
296 Utilisation du studio Primary Out
296 Apport de corrections supplémentaires à l’aide du studio Primary In
297 Présentation du processus de traitement de l’image
298 Utilisation des commandes de plafonnement
Chapitre 13 299 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage
300 Différence entre les corrections et les jeux d’étalonnage
300 Enregistrement et utilisation de corrections et de jeux d’étalonnage
305 Application de corrections et de jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés à des plans
306 Gestion des jeux d’étalonnage dans la Timeline
309 Utilisation des boutons « Copy to » dans les studios Primary
311 Utilisation des commandes Copy Grade et Paste Grade
312 Définition d’un jeu d’étalonnage parfait dans la Timeline
312 Désactivation de tous les jeux d’étalonnage6 Table des matières
313 Gestion des jeux d’étalonnage dans le navigateur de plans
320 Utilisation de tous les studios Primary, Secondary et Color FX pour gérer les corrections
de chaque plan
Chapitre 14 323 Images clés
323 Objectifs de l’animation d’un effet avec des images clés
324 Fonctionnement de l’animation avec des images clés dans les différents studios
326 Utilisation d’images clés dans la Timeline
329 Interpolation d’images clés
Chapitre 15 331 Studio Geometry
332 Navigation dans l’aperçu d’image
332 Onglet Panscan
337 Onglet Shapes
345 Onglet Tracking
Chapitre 16 355 Magasin d’images fixes (Still Store)
356 Enregistrement d’images dans le Still Store
357 Enregistrement des images du Still Store dans de sous-répertoires
358 Retrait d’images du Still Store
358 Rappel d’images du Still Store
359 Personnalisation de la vue du Still Store
359 Contrôles du chutier Still Store
Chapitre 17 361 File d’attente de rendu
361 À propos du rendu dans Color
362 Quels effets sont rendus par Color ?
363 L’interface de la file d’attente de rendu
365 Mode de rendu des plans dans votre projet
367 Rendu de plusieurs jeux d’étalonnage pour chaque plan
368 Commande Gather Rendered Media
Annexe A 371 Étalonnage de votre moniteur
371 À propos de la mire
371 Étalonnage des moniteurs avec la mire
Annexe B 375 Raccourcis clavier
375 Raccourcis clavier relatifs aux projets
376 Changement de studio et de fenêtre
376 Lecture et navigation
377 Raccourcis liés aux jeux d’étalonnage
377 Raccourcis clavier relatifs à la Timeline
378 Raccourcis clavier de montage
378 Raccourcis clavier relatifs aux images clésTable des matières 7
378 Raccourcis relatifs au navigateur de plans
379 Raccourci disponible dans le studio Geometry
379 Raccourcis relatifs au magasin d’images fixes
379 Raccourcis relatifs à la file d’attente de rendu
Annexe C 381 Configuration d’une surface de contrôle
382 Surfaces de contrôle JLCooper MCS-3000, MCS-Spectrum, MCS-3400 et MCS-3800
387 Surface de contrôle Tangent Devices CP100
389 Surface de contrôle Tangent Devices de la gamme CP200
394 Personnalisation de la sensibilité des surfaces de contrôle
Index 395 9
Préface
Documentation et ressources
de Color
Bienvenue dans le monde de l’étalonnage professionnel
de film et de vidéo à l’aide de Color.
Nature de Color ?
Color a été conçu dès le départ comme un environnement d’étalonnage (ou de
« correction de couleurs ») riche en fonctionnalités, à même de s’intégrer de façon
idéale dans une large gamme de flux de post-production, que votre projet relève
de la définition standard, de la haute définition ou de l’intermédiaire numérique 2K.
Si vous avez déjà monté un programme à l’aide de Final Cut Pro, il est extrêmement
simple de l’envoyer à Color pour étalonnage, puis de le renvoyer à Final Cut Pro pour
la sortie finale. Mais il est également tout à fait faisable de reconformer des projets
dont les sources sont des listes de points de montage (listes EDL, Editing Decision List)
issues d’autres environnements de montage.
Color dispose de tous les outils dont les professionnels de la couleur ont besoin, à savoir :
 Étalonnage primaire par balance des couleurs et action sur le contraste au travers
des ombres, des tons intermédiaires et des hautes lumières
 Utilisation de courbes pour ajustement fin des canaux de luminance et de chrominance
 Jusqu’à huit opérations d’étalonnage secondaire par plan, avec qualificateurs HSL,
vignettes, formes utilisateur et réglage séparé des parties interne et externe de chaque cache secondaire
 Effets Color FX à nœuds arborescents pour la création d’effets de couleur personnalisés
 Effets de panoramique Panscan
 Suivi d’animation permettant d’animer vignettes, formes utilisateur et d’autres effets
 Application de contraintes légales de diffusion pour garantir le respect de la
réglementation
 Prise en charge de surfaces de contrôle propres à l’étalonnage
 Et de nombreuses autres fonctionnalités10 Préface Documentation et ressources de Color
Tous ces outils sont répartis dans huit « studios » de l’interface utilisateur de Color,
qui sont présentés dans l’ordre correspondant à la façon de travailler de la plupart des
coloristes. Vous pourrez utiliser Color pour étalonner, équilibrer et « habiller » d’effet
stylisés chaque plan de votre programme, dans le cadre de la dernière étape de votre
flux de post-production. Vous pourrez ainsi donner donnerez ainsi à vos programmes
un aspect finalisé et professionnel qui n’était jusqu’ici accessible qu’au travers de maté-
riels très coûteux.
Utilisation de la documentation de Color
La documentation fournie avec Color se compose d’un Guide de configuration imprimé
et d’un manuel de l’utilisateur électronique.
Guide de configuration de Color
Le Guide de configuration de Color contient des extraits du manuel de l’utilisateur électronique, qui vous feront comprendre de quelle façon Color s’intègre à différents flux de
post-production et qui vous aideront à configurer les paramètres de projet et les préfé-
rences utilisateur de Color en fonction de vos besoins. Si vous venez d’installer Color et
si vous voulez savoir comment configurer votre système pour l’utiliser de façon efficace,
commencez par lire ce guide.
Color Manuel de l’utilisateur à l’écran
Le manuel de l’utilisateur de Color, accessible via le menu Aide, contient toutes les
informations utiles sur le logiciel. Il est destiné aux utilisateurs de tous niveaux.
 Les monteurs et spécialistes d’autres aspects de la post-production qui n’ont pas
d’expérience du processus d’étalonnage pourront, grâce à ces informations, mettre
le pied à l’étrier et consulter des explications détaillées sur le fonctionnement et la
justification de toutes les commandes.
 Les coloristes venant à Color en ayant déjà l’expérience d’autres environnements
d’étalonnage peuvent sauter les premiers chapitres pour aller directement aux informations détaillées sur le fonctionnement de Color et sur chaque paramètre accessible dans chaque studio de l’interface utilisateur de Color.
Remarque : le manuel de l’utilisateur à l’écran reprend toutes les informations fournies
dans le Guide de configuration de Color, sous une forme permettant toutes les recherches et avec des illustrations en couleur.
Guides d’initiation
Vous disposez aussi d’une collection de guides d’initiation sur DVD-ROM qui vous permettront d’être rapidement opérationnel dans votre utilisation de Color. Ces guides d’initiation vous initient à chaque grande zone de l’interface utilisateur et constituent un bon
moyen d’avoir une vue d’ensemble de toutes les fonctions avant de vous plonger dans le
manuel de l’utilisateur.Préface Documentation et ressources de Color 11
Sites web Color
Les sites web ci-après proposent des informations générales, des mises à jour et des
informations techniques sur Color, ainsi que les nouvelles, ressources et supports de
formation les plus récents.
Pour en savoir plus sur Color, consultez le site suivant :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/finalcutstudio/color
Pour en savoir plus sur le programme Apple Pro Training, consultez le site (en anglais) :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/software/pro/training
Pour nous faire parvenir vos commentaires sur Color, consultez la page suivante :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/feedback/color.html
Site web de service et d’assistance Apple
Le site web de service et d’assistance Apple propose des mises à jour de logiciels et
des réponses aux questions le plus fréquemment posées sur tous les produits Apple,
y compris Color. Sur ce site, vous aurez aussi accès aux caractéristiques techniques
complètes des produits, aux documentations de référence et à des articles techniques
sur les produits Apple :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/support
Pour une assistance propre à Color, consultez la page suivante :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/support/color1
13
1 Notions élémentaires relatives à
l’étalonnage (ou correction de
couleurs)
Pour mieux vous familiariser avec le fonctionnement du logiciel Color, il est important de cerner le processus d’étalonnage
(ou correction de couleurs) global et la façon dont les images
sont travaillées en postproduction, dans le cours des flux de
travaux appliqués aux films et vidéos SD et HD.
Si vous êtes nouveau dans l’étalonnage, la première partie de ce chapitre va vous fournir des informations générales sur les flux d’étalonnage pour vous aider à mieux comprendre le mode d’exécution de Color. La deuxième partie explique les concepts clés de
couleur et d’imagerie qui sont importants pour le fonctionnement de l’interface Color.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Définition de l’étalonnage (p. 13)
 Quand se déroule le processus d’étalonnage ? (p. 17)
 Étalonnage dans Color (p. 24)
 Normes d’encodage des images (p. 26)
 Concepts de base liés aux couleurs et à l’imagerie (p. 31)
Définition de l’étalonnage
Dans tout travail de postproduction, l’étalonnage constitue généralement l’une des dernières étapes de finalisation d’un programme monté. Le logiciel Color a été créé pour
vous permettre de contrôler précisément l’apparence de chaque plan de votre projet. Il
fournit en effet des outils flexibles et un espace de travail performant servant au réglage
du contraste, de la couleur et de la géométrie de chaque plan de votre programme.14 Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs)
Objectifs de l’étalonnage
Lorsque vous étalonnez un programme donné, vous êtes amené à effectuer une grande
partie, voire la totalité, des tâches décrites dans cette section. Color fournit un ensemble
de fonctions extrêmement complètes vous permettant d’accomplir toutes ces opérations et bien d’autres encore. Chaqun sait que la quantité de travail consacrée à une session d’étalonnage est généralement limitée par le temps et, pour vous permettre d’aller
aussi loin que possible dans ce processus, l’interface d’étalonnage dédiée de Color permet un travail rapide et efficace.
Concepts de base
Tout contenu (ou « programme ») requiert que vous exécutiez au moins les opérations pré-
sentées ci-dessous. Avec de l’entraînement, vous pourrez accomplir la plupart d’entre elles
au moyen des principaux outils d’étalonnage (pour en savoir plus, consultez le chapitre 1,
« Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs) », à la
page 13).
 S’assurer que les éléments clés de votre programme ont l’apparence souhaitée : chaque
scène de votre programme possède des éléments clés auxquels le spectateur prête
une attention toute particulière. Dans une vidéo narrative ou documentaire, l’attention va vraisemblablement se porter sur les individus présents dans chaque plan. Dans
une publicité, l’élément clé sera sans aucun doute le produit (par exemple, l’étiquette
figurant sur une bouteille ou la couleur d’une voiture). Quels que soient ces éléments
clés, il est très possible que vous-même ou votre public ayez certaines attentes quand
à leur apparence et c’est à vous de faire en sorte que les couleurs du programme correspondent à celles du plan d’origine.
Lorsque vous utilisez des plans de personnes, un des principes de base de l’étalonnage
est de veiller à ce que leur teint dans le programme ait le même aspect (ou une meilleure
apparence) que dans la réalité. Quel que soit l’ethnie ou le teint, les couleurs de peau des
êtres humains mesurées objectivement avec un oscilloscope vectoriel sont plus ou
moins comprises dans la même plage (même si la saturation et la luminosité varient).
Color fournit les outils permettant d’apporter toutes les retouches nécessaires pour que
les couleurs de peau des personnages de votre montage final aient l’aspect souhaité.
 Corriger les erreurs de balance des couleurs et d’exposition : tout d’abord, l’exposition
ou la balance des couleurs des images obtenues numériquement (qu’elles soient
tournées sur une caméra vidéo analogique ou numérique, ou bien encore transfé-
rées à partir d’une pellicule) n’est souvent pas optimale. Par exemple, un grand nombre de caméscopes et de caméras de cinéma numériques enregistrent délibérément
les noirs ne correspondant pas tout à fait à un taux de 0 pour cent de façon à éviter
d’écraser inutilement des données de façon intempestive. Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs) 15
En outre, des accidents peuvent se produire lors de n’importe quel tournage. Par exemple, la balance des couleurs du film utilisé par l’équipe de tournage n’était peut-être
pas adaptée aux conditions de tournage ou un membre de l’équipe a peut-être oublié
de régler la balance des blancs de la caméra vidéo avant de filmer un entretien dans
un bureau éclairé par des lumières fluorescentes, ce qui produit des images aux teintes
verdâtres. Color permet de corriger facilement ces types d’erreurs.
 Harmoniser tous les plans d’une scène : la plupart des programmes montés incorporent des données provenant de sources diverses, dont le tournage a eu lieu en diffé-
rents endroits et sur plusieurs jours, semaines ou mois de production. Même avec
une excellente équipe de cadreurs et d’éclairagistes, il est très possible que des diffé-
rences de couleurs et d’exposition se produisent, et ce parfois entre des plans d’une
même scène.
Une fois ces plans montés, ces changements de couleurs et d’éclairage risquent de
faire ressortir certains plans par rapport aux autres, ce qui donne un aspect peu harmonieux au montage. Grâce à un étalonnage soigné, tous les plans d’une même
scène peuvent être harmonisés pour sembler se dérouler au même moment et au
même endroit, avec un éclairage identique. Ce processus est couramment appelé
étalonnage de scène à scène.
 Créer un contraste : l’étalonnage peut également servir à créer un contraste entre
deux scènes pour obtenir un effet plus frappant. Imaginez l’enchaînement d’une
scène tournée dans la jungle luxuriante dans les tons de vert avec une autre scène
filmée dans un désert aride, riche en rouges et en jaunes. Grâce à l’étalonnage, vous
pouvez accentuer ces différences de façon subtile.
 Créer une ambiance : le processus d’étalonnage ne se limite pas uniquement à l’harmonisation des données vidéo de votre œuvre selon un modèle objectif d’exposition.
Tout comme le son, la couleur, lorsqu’elle est maniée avec subtilité, est une propriété
qui procure une intéressante marge de contrôle supplémentaire sur votre programme.
Grâce à l’étalonnage, vous pouvez décider d’attribuer à votre vidéo des couleurs
riches et saturées ou, à l’inverse, plus discrètes. Vos plans peuvent prendre un aspect
plus chaleureux si vous poussez leurs tonalités vers les rouges ou, au contraire, plus
froid si vous privilégiez les bleus. Vous pouvez extraire les détails des ombres ou les
écraser de façon à augmenter le contraste de l’image et lui donner une apparence
plus nette. Ces modifications subtiles influent sur la façon dont les spectateurs per-
çoivent une scène et peuvent changer l’atmosphère d’un programme. Après avoir
choisi l’apparence souhaitée pour votre œuvre, ou pour une scène isolée, vous pouvez recourir à l’étalonnage pour vous assurer que tous les plans des scènes appropriées sont harmonisés afin de s’enchaîner avec cohérence.16 Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs)
 Se conformer aux recommandations pour assurer la légalité des diffusions : si un programme est destiné à la télédiffusion, une série de recommandations de contrôle
qualité vous est généralement fournie, indiquant les limites « légales » définies pour
le niveau de noir minimum et le niveau de blanc maximum, ainsi que les valeurs
minimales et maximales fixées pour la saturation chromatique et les images RVB
composites. Il est important de se conformer à ces recommandations pour s’assurer
que le programme peut être diffusé, car les valeurs « illégales » peuvent causer des
problèmes lors de l’encodage du programme pour la transmission. Étant donné que
les normes de contrôle qualité varient, il est essentiel de prendre connaissance au
préalable des recommandations applicables. Color dispose de réglages de seuil de
diffusion intégrés (parfois désignés sous le terme de légaliseur) qui empêchent automatiquement le dépassement des limites fixées pour les niveaux vidéo. Pour en
savoir plus, consultez la section « Réglages de seuils de diffusion (Broadcast Safe) » à
la page 119.
Tâches détaillées
Si vous disposez du temps nécessaire, les outils Color vous permettent de régler plus
précisément l’apparence de votre programme :
 Réglage séparé d’éléments spécifiques : il est parfois nécessaire de cibler de façon
sélective une plage étroite de couleurs dans le but de ne corriger ou remplacer que
la série correspondante de valeurs de couleur. Il peut s’agir, par exemple, de transformer une voiture rouge en voiture bleue ou de neutraliser un peu un vêtement de
couleur trop vive. Ces tâches composent ce qu’on appelle étalonnage secondaire et
Color met à votre disposition de nombreux outils qui vous permettent de les mener
à bien. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section chapitre 10, « Secondaries », à la
page 241.
 Procéder à des réglages numériques de l’éclairage : parfois, les réglages de l’éclairage
qui paraissaient appropriés lors du tournage ne s’avèrent pas aussi performants lors
du processus de postproduction. Les changements intervenant dans la vision du réalisateur, les modifications apportées aux tons de la scène montée ou les suggestions
émises par le directeur de la photographie lors de la postproduction peuvent nécessiter l’ajustement de l’éclairage d’une scène au-delà des simples réglages du contraste
global de l’image. Color fournit des options puissantes de masquage définissable par
l’utilisateur qui, conjointement avec des options d’étalonnage secondaires, permettent
d’isoler plusieurs régions d’une image et d’affiner l’éclairage. Ce processus est parfois
appelé rectification numérique de l’éclairage. Pour en savoir plus, consultez le chapitre 10,
« Secondaries », à la page 241 et la section « Onglet Shapes » à la page 337.Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs) 17
 Création d’effets spéciaux : une scène requiert parfois des effets plus extrêmes, comme
la manipulation intensive des couleurs et de l’exposition pour l’obtention d’un effet de
« nuit américaine », de façon à créer un état étrange pour une séquence de retour en
arrière ou d’hallucination ou simplement une ambiance bizarre pour un clip vidéo. Le
« studio » Color FX du logiciel Color vous offre une palette d’outils organisée de façon
arborescente et extensible, qui permet de créer efficacement des images composites
en profondeur, conjointement avec les autres outils principaux et secondaires à votre
disposition. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section chapitre 11, « Color FX », à la
page 269.
Si ces tâches semblent exiger beaucoup de travail, ce n’est pas une impression, c’est
vraiment le cas. Heureusement, l’interface Color vous aide à assurer l’organisation de
ces tâches.
Quand se déroule le processus d’étalonnage ?
La fidélité des couleurs d’un programme ne doit pas être négligée jusqu’à l’étape d’étalonnage du processus de postproduction. Dans l’idéal, chaque projet débute avec une philosophie de gestion des couleurs qui est appliquée durant le tournage, maintenue pendant
les diverses phases de transfert et de montage survenant au cours de la postproduction et
se termine par la phase d’étalonnage finale mise en œuvre dans Color. Cette section explique la façon dont les images de vidéo et de film sont habituellement traitées lors du processus de postproduction.
Début de la gestion des couleurs lors du tournage
Qu’un programme soit créé à l’aide d’images numériques de vidéo ou de film, ou bien
encore de toute autre application d’imagerie numérique haute résolution, il est important
de noter que le processus de détermination de l’apparence générale d’un programme commence lorsque chaque scène est éclairée et tournée lors de la production. Pour optimiser le
contrôle et la flexibilité de vos plans en phase de postproduction, l’idéal serait de travailler
avec des séquences tournées en fonction de l’objectif final. L’étalonnage en phase de postproduction ne peut pas remplacer un bon éclairage.
Le processus d’étalonnage peut être considéré comme le prolongement et l’amélioration de la vision de départ du producteur, du réalisateur et du directeur de la photo.
Souvent, le directeur de la photographie participe directement au processus d’étalonnage pour s’assurer de l’obtention du résultat recherché.
Dans d’autres cas, c’est le réalisateur ou le producteur qui peut changer d’avis quant
à l’apparence finale souhaitée. L’étalonnage permet alors de modifier l’apparence globale (en rendant, par exemple, plus chaleureuses des images tournées initialement
pour donner un résultat froid). Bien que Color offre un niveau de contrôle exceptionnel
sur vos données, il est néanmoins essentiel d’avoir comme base de travail des images
correctement exposées.18 Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs)
En outre, les choix effectués au cours de la postproduction et du tournage, et notamment le format de vidéo ou de film et les réglages de caméra utilisés, peuvent avoir
une incidence considérable sur la latitude dont on dispose lors du processus d’étalonnage final.
Étalonnage initial lors du transfert du film
Lorsqu’un projet a été tourné sur pellicule, les négatifs de la caméra doivent d’abord être
transférés vers le format de bande vidéo ou de vidéo numérique choisi avant les phases
de montage et de postproduction numérique à l’aide d’un équipement de télécinéma
ou de cinéma numérique. Un système de télécinéma est une machine permettant de
transférer un film sur bande vidéo alors qu’un équipement de cinéma numérique est
configuré pour transférer les films directement vers un format numérique, c’est-à-dire
généralement vers une séquence d’images.
Habituellement, le coloriste exécutant la session de transfert de film procède à un étalonnage pour s’assurer que le monteur dispose de l’image la plus appropriée pour son
travail. Les objectifs de l’étalonnage à ce stade dépendent généralement de la longueur du projet et du flux de postproduction qui a été choisi.
 Pour les projets courts, les publicités et toutes les vidéos de courte durée, un étalonnage détaillé peut être appliqué immédiatement. Le coloriste commencera par calibrer le propre correcteur colorimétrique du télécinéma afin d’équilibrer correctement
les blancs, les noirs et les couleurs. Ensuite, en accord avec le directeur de la photographie, le réalisateur ou le producteur, il travaillera plan par plan pour déterminer
l’apparence de chaque plan par rapport aux besoins du projet. Le monteur disposera
ainsi d’images déjà corrigées.
 Les projets, tels que les films long métrage et les programmes télévisés de longue
durée, ne bénéficieront probablement pas d’emblée d’une phase d’étalonnage. Les
séquences qui sont transmises via le télécinéma seront équilibrées pour obtenir une
exposition et des couleurs relativement satisfaisantes, l’objectif étant uniquement de
fournir une image de bonne qualité au monteur. Un étalonnage détaillé est ensuite
effectué à un autre stade.
Négatif de la caméra Télécinéma Bandes vidéoChapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs) 19
 Les projets de toute longueur qui sont traités en postproduction sous forme d’intermé-
diaire numérique sont transférés avec une phase d’étalonnage conçue pour conserver
une quantité maximale de données d’image. Étant donné qu’un deuxième (et dernier)
étalonnage numérique est prévu à la fin du processus de postproduction, il est essentiel que les données d’image soient de bonne qualité et conservent un maximum de
détails des tons clairs et des tons foncés. Il faut noter que le but étant de préserver les
données d’image et non pas de créer l’apparence finale du programme, l’image de
qualité optimale utilisée pour l’étalonnage ne sera peut-être pas celle qui est visuellement la plus attractive.
Toutefois, l’étalonnage est effectué lors du transfert initial au moyen du télécinéma ou
du système de cinéma numérique. Une fois cette opération terminée, les images sont
traitées par les processus habituels de postproduction, dans le cadre de la gestion éditoriale hors ligne et en ligne.
Étalonnage de film et de vidéo
Color a été conçu pour s’intégrer à des flux de traitement intermédiaires numériques de
vidéo et de film. Étant donné que toutes les images doivent d’abord être transférées
vers un format de séquence d’images ou QuickTime pour être importées dans Color,
les images de vidéo et de film sont corrigées au moyen des mêmes outils et méthodes.
Trois attributs principaux, qui ont tous été déterminés lorsque les images ont été initialement capturée ou transférées avant l’importation dans Color, ont une incidence
sur la qualité des données utilisées dans un programme :
 Le type et le niveau de compression appliqué aux données
 La profondeur de bits à laquelle l’encodage est effectué
 Le rapport de sous-échantillonnage chromatique utilisé
Pour l’étalonnage, la compression spatiale et temporelle doit être limitée, car les artefacts de compression peuvent compromettre la qualité de vos réglages. Par ailleurs, il
est généralement préférable d’utiliser des données dont la profondeur de bits est élevée (voir la section « Profondeur de bits » à la page 30).
Point essentiel à noter : des rapports de sous-échantillonnage chromatique élevés,
tels que 4 :4 :4 ou 4 :2 :2, sont recommandés pour optimiser la qualité et la flexibilité
de vos corrections. Rien ne vous empêche de travailler avec des images sous-échantillonnées à 4 :1 :1 ou 4 :2 :0, mais vous constaterez peut-être que les réglages de contraste extrêmes et les sélections secondaires homogènes sont plus difficiles à effectuer
avec des espaces colorimétriques hautement compressés.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Sous-échantillonnage chromatique » à la
page 27.20 Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs)
Méthodes traditionnelles d’étalonnage final
Une fois le montage terminé et l’image verrouillée, l’étalonnage (appelé étalonnage
colorimétrique dans le monde cinématographique) commence. Ce processus était
habituellement accompli via une session de calibrage des couleurs pour un film ou
d’étalonnage bande à bande pour une vidéo.
Calibrage des couleurs d’un film
Les programmes dont la finalisation et l’étalonnage ont été réalisés sur pellicule sont habituellement soumis à un processus de mise en conformité des négatifs avant le calibrage des
couleurs. Une fois le processus éditorial terminé, le négatif original de la caméra est mis en
conformité avec la copie de travail ou le passage vidéo du programme monté à l’aide d’une
liste de conformation ou liste des épreuves (si le programme a été monté avec Final Cut Pro,
cette liste peut être obtenu au moyen de l’application Cinema Tools). Cette liste répertorie
chacun des plans utilisés dans le programme monté et montre comment ces derniers
s’intègrent les uns aux autres. Ce processus est long et minutieux. Il faut savoir par ailleurs
que la correction des erreurs commises pendant la coupe du négatif est très onéreuse.
Une fois que le négatif de la caméra a été mis en conformité et les différents plans ont
été physiquement collés les uns aux autres sur les rouleaux A et B en alternance, le calibrage de couleurs peut lui être appliqué par le biais d’une imprimante optique conçue
pour ce processus. Ces machines envoient une lumière filtrée à travers les négatifs originaux de façon à exposer une copie positive intermédiaire, créant ainsi une seule
bobine de film qui correspond à la copie étalonnée.
Le processus permettant de contrôler chaque plan et de corriger la couleur scène par
scène est réalisé à l’aide de trois commandes permettant d’ajuster séparément la proportion de lumière rouge, verte et bleue à laquelle le film est exposé, grâce à une série
de filtres et d’obturateurs optiques. Chacun des cadrans rouge, vert et bleu est réglé
par incréments discrets, appelés points d’impression (chaque point étant une fraction
d’ouverture de diaphragme, qui correspond à l’échelle utilisée pour mesurer l’exposition d’une pellicule). En général, une plage totale de 50 points est utilisée, dans laquelle
le point 25 représente l’état neutre d’origine de ce canal de couleur. Le fait d’augmenter ou de réduire la valeur des trois canaux de couleur en même temps assombrit ou
éclaircit l’image, tandis que l’application de réglages disproportionnés aux trois canaux
modifie la balance des couleurs de l’image en fonction des ajustements.Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs) 21
Les réglages de la machine utilisés pour chaque plan peuvent être enregistrés (en une
seule fois, au moyen de la technologie des bandes papier) et rappelés à tout moment,
pour faciliter les opérations de recalibrage et de réglage ultérieures, le processus
d’impression étant automatisé une fois le calibrage manuel terminé. Une fois la copie
intermédiaire exposée, il est possible de la développer et de projeter les résultats finaux.
Bien que ce système d’étalonnage puisse paraître peu pratique comparativement
aux outils numériques actuels utilisés pour la manipulation des images, il représente
un moyen d’étalonnage extrêmement efficace pour les utilisateurs qui le maîtrisent.
Remarque : Color inclut des options de réglage des points d’impression destinées
aux coloristes qui sont familiarisés avec cette méthode d’étalonnage. Pour en savoir
plus, consultez la section « Onglet Advanced » à la page 237.
Étalonnage bande à bande
Pour les projets tournés sur bande vidéo (et ceux tournés sur pellicule qui n’autorisent pas
une deuxième phase de télécinéma), le processus d’étalonnage s’intègre au flux de travaux
en ligne/hors ligne vidéo traditionnel. Une fois le montage verrouillé, la bande maître finale
est assemblée, soit par une remise en conformité sur le système initialement utilisé pour le
montage hors ligne, soit par l’intégration de la liste EDL et des bandes source d’origine dans
une suite en ligne compatible avec les formats des bandes source.
Si l’assemblage en ligne a lieu dans une suite en ligne haut de gamme, l’étalonnage
peut être effectué lors de l’assemblage de la bande maître ou après l’assemblage en
soumettant la bande maître à une session d’étalonnage.
Négatif
de la caméra
Conformation
du négatif
Calibrage optique
des couleurs
Impression
du film final
Bandes vidéo Télécinéma Montage off line Bande du
master final
Série de bandes22 Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs)
Remarque : si la bande maître finale est étalonnée, le coloriste doit effectuer avec soin
un fondu et un balayage sur les opérations d’étalonnage en fonction des fondus et
balayages vidéo du programme.
Dans les deux cas, le signal vidéo est traité par du matériel et des logiciels d’étalonnage vidéo dédiés et le coloriste utilise le timecode principal de la bande afin de configurer et de conserver les réglages d’étalonnage pour chaque plan de chaque scène.
Tandis que l’étalonnage vidéo s’appuyait au départ sur des options aussi simples que
celles utilisées par les coloristes de film, l’évolution de la suite d’étalonnage en ligne a
intégré de nombreux outils supplémentaires dans le processus, parmi lesquels des corrections séparées pour les zones tonales discrètes, un étalonnage secondaire de sujets
spécifiques au moyen d’options d’incrustation et de réglage de formes, ainsi que bien
d’autres options créatives dont les coloristes de film ne disposaient pas auparavant.
Étalonnage au moyen d’une deuxième phase de télécinéma
Les programmes tournés sur pellicule qui sont destinés à la masterisation vidéo (par exemple, pour une série télévisée à épisodes) peuvent être renvoyés dans la suite de télécinéma
pour leur étalonnage final. Une fois le montage terminé et l’image verrouillée, une liste de
conformation ou liste des épreuves (semblable à celle utilisée pour la conformité des négatifs) correspondant à la liste EDL du programme monté est créée.
Grâce à la liste de conformation, le responsable de la postproduction tire uniquement
le négatif effectivement utilisé pour le montage. Étant donné que cela ne représente
qu’une minorité des séquences initialement tournées, le coloriste dispose maintenant
de plus de temps (selon le budget alloué au projet, bien entendu) pour effectuer un
étalonnage plus détaillé sur les séquences sélectionnées qui vont être assemblées
pour constituer le programme vidéo final lors de cette phase de télécinéma finale.
Même si ce processus semble redondant, le fait d’effectuer directement l’étalonnage à
partir du négatif présente plusieurs avantages distincts. La pellicule possédant plus de
nuances que la vidéo entre le noir et le blanc, un coloriste qui s’appuie sur le procédé
de télécinéma dispose d’un choix plus large en termes de couleur et d’exposition que
s’il travaillait uniquement à partir d’une vidéo.
En outre, l’équipement d’étalonnage disponible pour le coloriste de télécinéma a évolué pour correspondre (et parfois être identique) aux outils à la disposition des coloristes de vidéo en ligne, lui permettant en outre de travailler directement sur les images
non compressées qui sont fournies par le télécinéma.Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs) 23
Une fois le second étalonnage terminé, les passages retenus sont à nouveau assemblés
pour correspondre au montage d’origine et le projet est matricé sur bande.
Même si vous n’avez pas l’intention d’étalonner votre programme dans la suite de
télécinéma, vous pouvez envisager de retransférer des plans spécifiques pour effectuer
des modifications qui sont plus faciles à exécuter ou de meilleure qualité si elles sont
apportées directement à partir du négatif original de la caméra. Par exemple, après
avoir identifié les plans à retransférer dans votre séquence Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez
utiliser l’application Cinema Tools pour créer une liste de passages choisis (par exemple, uniquement pour les plans que vous souhaitez élargir optiquement), de façon à
accélérer le processus de transfert.
Négatif
de la caméra
Télécinéma
peu coûteux
à lumière unique Multimédia
off line Reconformation
du master final
Montage off line Télécinéma
à la meilleure
lumière
Autre avantages des transferts télécinéma
Outre l’étalonnage, un coloriste travaillant avec un télécinéma dispose de plusieurs
options pour les problèmes éventuels rencontrés lors du montage.
 En utilisant un télécinéma pour extraire l’image du négatif, le coloriste peut repositionner l’image afin d’intégrer les parties qui se trouvent hors de la zone d’action
sécurisée vidéo.
 Grâce au procédé de télécinéma, l’image peut également être agrandie optiquement, éventuellement jusqu’à 50 %, sans déformation visible.
 La possibilité de recadrer les plans au télécinéma permet au réalisateur ou au producteur d’apporter des modifications significatives à une scène, de transformer un
plan moyen en gros plan pour conférer un effet dramatique ou de déplacer l’image
entière vers le haut afin de rogner un micro ayant été malencontreusement placé
dans le champ.24 Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs)
Étalonnage dans Color
Vous avez découvert comment l’étalonnage est effectué dans d’autres environnements
de postproduction. Cette section décrit comment Color s’intègre à un processus de
postproduction standard de film ou de vidéo.
Color met à votre disposition sur votre bureau un grand nombre d’outils d’étalonnage
avancés qui étaient auparavant disponibles dans les suites d’étalonnage bande à bande
et télécinéma haut de gamme. En outre, Color offre dans le studio Color FX des outils
supplémentaires qui sont plus couramment présents dans des applications de compositing dédiées et vous permettent de contrôler encore plus en détail les images de votre
programme (pour en savoir plus, consultez le chapitre 11, « Color FX », à la page 269).
Le logiciel Color a été conçu comme un environnement d’étalonnage de film ou de
vidéo. Indépendant de la résolution, il prend en charge aussi bien les vidéos de définition standard que les numérisations de films en 2K. Il supporte également plusieurs formats de données et est compatible avec des données d’image utilisant divers formats
de séquences d’images et les codecs QuickTime.
Color a aussi été conçu pour être incorporé à un flux de travaux intermédiaire numérique. Un intermédiaire numérique correspond à une version numérique haute qualité
de votre programme qui peut être montée, étalonnée et manipulée numériquement
d’une autre façon à l’aide de matériel informatique et de logiciels, et non pas de
magnétophones ou d’imprimantes optiques.
Les monteurs, les spécialistes des effets visuels et les coloristes qui procèdent à la finalisation des programmes vidéo sans utiliser de bande travaillent depuis des années avec des
intermédiaires numériques, mais le terme décrit généralement le processus consistant à
balayer numériquement des images de film, dans le but d’effectuer toutes les opérations
liées à la mise en conformité du montage, aux effets et à l’étalonnage de façon numérique. Les données d’image numériques sont ensuite imprimées directement sur la pellicule ou compilées sous forme de fichier pour la projection numérique.
La finalisation numérique des programmes de film ou de vidéo libère les coloristes des
restrictions imposées par les mécanismes de transport sur pellicule ou sur bande, accé-
lérant ainsi leur travail en leur permettant de naviguer dans un projet aussi rapidement
que s’ils se trouvaient dans une application de montage non linéaire. En outre, le fait de
travailler avec les données d’image numériques fournit une marge de sécurité en éliminant le risque de détérioration du négatif ou d’altération des bandes source.Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs) 25
Quand se déroule le processus d’étalonnage dans Color ?
L’étalonnage à l’aide de Color est généralement effectué à la fin (ou vers la fin) du montage
en ligne ou de la mise en conformité du projet, souvent en même temps que le mixage
audio final. Même s’il est toujours préférable d’attendre que l’image soit verrouillée, cela
n’est pas essentiel car Color fournit des outils permettant de synchroniser des projets qui
sont en cours de montage via des fichiers XML ou des listes EDL.
Color a été conçu pour fonctionner conjointement avec des applications de montage
telles que Final Cut Pro, qui prend en charge les données d’entrée, le montage et les
données de sortie, tandis que Color vous permet de vous concentrer sur l’étalonnage
et les effets connexes.
Importation de projets et de données dans Color
Pour travailler sur un programme dans Color, vous devez disposer de deux séries
de fichiers :
 Le fichier de projet monté (ou les fichiers, si le programme couvre plusieurs bobines)
dans un format pouvant être importé dans Color. Les formats compatibles incluent
les fichiers EDL et les fichiers XML Final Cut Pro de presque tout environnement de
montage. Les données de séquences Final Cut Pro peuvent également être envoyées
à Color directement si vous avez installé Final Cut Pro sur le même ordinateur, à l’aide
de la commande « Send to Color ».
 Vous devez également disposer de versions numériques haute qualité des données
source originales, dans un format de séquence d’image ou compatible QuickTime.
La flexibilité des formats de projets et de données signifie que Color peut être incorporé dans une grande variété de flux de postproduction. Pour obtenir une présentation de différents flux d’étalonnage disponibles avec Color, consultez le chapitre 2,
« Flux de production de l’étalonnage », à la page 39.
Quelles images sont utilisées par Color ?
Color fonctionne avec des plans de film ou de vidéo, comme des fichiers QuickTime
ou des séquences d’images, à divers taux de compression et résolutions. Cela signifie
que vous avez la possibilité de travailler aussi bien sur des plans QuickTime DV-25
hautement compressés que sur des séquences d’images .tif 2K non compressées,
en montage 8 ou 10 bits (linéaire ou chronologique), quelles que soient les données
fournies par vos clients.26 Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs)
Exportation de projets à partir de Color
Comme indiqué ci-dessus, Color ne gère pas seul la capture ou la sortie sur bande
des données vidéo. Une fois que l’étalonnage de votre projet dans Color est terminé,
vous devez procéder au rendu de chaque plan du projet sur disque sous la forme
d’une autre série de fichiers de données étalonnés, puis renvoyer votre projet Color
dans Final Cut Pro ou le transférer dans un autre équipement pour la mise sur bande
ou la sortie sur film. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section chapitre 17, « File d’attente
de rendu », à la page 361.
Normes d’encodage des images
Cette section fournit des informations importantes sur les normes d’encodage des images prises en charge par Color. Les données d’image que vous allez étalonner sont en
général encodées au format RVB ou Y´CB
CR
(désigné parfois par le signe plus simple de
YUV). Color est extrêmement flexible et accepte les données d’image de tout type.
Modèle à couleurs additives RVB
Dans le modèle à couleurs additives RVB, trois canaux de couleur sont utilisés pour
enregistrer les valeurs de rouge, de vert et de bleu en différentes quantités et représenter chaque couleur disponible pouvant être reproduite. Le réglage de la balance relative des valeurs dans ces canaux de couleur permet d’ajuster la couleur représentée.
Lorsque les trois valeurs sont égales, vous obtenez un ton neutre, allant du noir au
blanc, en passant par le gris.
Plus généralement, vous noterez que ces rapports sont exprimés sous forme de pourcentages numériques dans l’oscilloscope des parades ou l’histogramme de Color. Par
exemple, si les trois canaux de couleur correspondent à 0 pour cent, le pixel est noir.
Ou si les trois canaux de couleur sont à 50 pour cent, le pixel est gris neutre. Si les trois
canaux de couleur ont la valeur 100 pour cent (valeur maximale), le pixel est blanc.
Bien que quelques codecs QuickTime de haute qualité encodent les données vidéo
à l’aide du modèle RVB (Animation est l’un des plus couramment utilisés), les images
encodées selon ce modèle sont généralement enregistrées sous forme de séquences
d’images non compressées.Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs) 27
Modèle de couleurs Y’CB
CR
Les données vidéo sont généralement enregistrées à l’aide du modèle de couleurs
Y´CB
CR
. Le codage de couleurs Y´CB
CR
utilise également trois canaux ou composantes.
Une image est divisée en une composante luminance (luminance d’une image dont la
valeur gamma a été modifiée) et deux composantesdifférence de couleurs qui encodent
la chromie (chrominance). Ces trois composantes forment l’image que vous voyez lors
de la lecture de votre vidéo.
 La composante Y´ représente la partie en noir et blanc de la gamme de tons d’une
image. L’œil ayant une sensibilité différente aux parties rouges, vertes et bleues du
spectre, la « clarté » de l’image que la composante Y´ reproduit résulte d’un rapport
pondéré entre les canaux de couleur R, V et B (auxquels la correction gamma a été
appliquée). Considérée de façon isolée, la composante Y’ est l’image monochrome.
 Les deux composantes traitant la différence de couleurs, CB
et CR
, sont utilisées pour
encoder les informations de couleur de façon à ce que les trois canaux de couleur
des données d’image soient réduits à deux canaux. Quelques calculs mathématiques
permettent de tirer parti du fait que la composante Y’ enregistre également les informations de vert de l’image. L’opération utilisée pour obtenir chaque composante de
couleur est en fait CB
= B’ – Y’, tandis que CR
= R’ – Y’.
Remarque : ce modèle a été initialement créé pour rendre les anciennes télévisions en
noir et blanc compatibles avec les méthodes de transmission plus récentes des télévisions en couleurs.
Sous-échantillonnage chromatique
Dans une vidéo encodée au format Y´CB
CR
, les canaux de couleur sont généralement
échantillonnés avec un rapport inférieur à celui employé pour le canal de luminance.
L’œil humain étant plus sensible aux différences de luminosité que de couleur, cette
caractéristique a été utilisée pour réduire les besoins en termes de taux de transfert
des données vidéo (ou débit) sans perte perceptible au niveau de l’image.
Le rapport d’échantillonnage entre les canaux Y´, CB
et CR
est représenté sous la forme
d’une suite de trois valeurs. Les rapports de sous-échantillonnage chromatique courants sont les suivants :
 La vidéo à sous-échantillonnage chromatique 4 :4 :4 encode la couleur sans aucune
compression, avec le plus haut niveau de qualité possible, car les canaux de différence
de couleurs sont échantillonnés avec le même rapport que le canal de luminance. Les
données d’image sous-échantillonnées au format 4 :4 :4 sont généralement obtenues
au moyen d’un équipement de télécinéma ou de cinéma numérique dans un format
de masterisation vidéo ou de séquence d’images capable de les contenir. Les images
encodées au format RVB sont toujours échantillonnées en 4 :4 :4.28 Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs)
Peu de formats d’acquisition vidéo permettent l’enregistrement des données vidéo
au format 4 :4 :4, mais parmi ceux-ci, citons le système HDCAM SR et certaines camé-
ras de cinéma numériques, telles que la caméra Viper FilmStream de Thomson et le
système de caméra numérique de Genesis.
 4 :2 :2 est un rapport de sous-échantillonnage chromatique couramment utilisé pour
les formats vidéo de haute qualité, parmi lesquels Beta SP, Digital Betacam, Beta SX,
IMX, DVCPRO 50, DVCPRO HD et HDCAM.
 4 :1 :1 est habituellement employé pour les formats vidéo destinés aux consommateurs
et aux professionnels, et notamment DVCPRO 25 (NTSC et PAL), DV et DVCam (NTSC).
 4 :2 :0 est un autre rapport de sous-échantillonnage orienté consommateur, qui est
utilisé par les formats DV et DVCAM (PAL), HDV, XDCAM HD et MPEG-2.
Remarque : comme leur nom le laisse entendre, les formats Apple sans compression
8 bits 4:2:2, Apple sans compression 10 bits 4:2:2, Apple ProRes 422 (SQ) et Apple ProRes
422 (HQ) font tous appel à un sous-échantillonnage de chromie 4:2:2.
Il est important de connaître les avantages des rapports de sous-échantillonnage chromatique plus élevés dans le processus d’étalonnage. Lorsque vous êtes en position de
spécifier le format de transfert qui s’appliquera à un projet fini, veillez à demander le
format de la plus haute qualité que puisse gérer votre système (pour en savoir plus sur
les codecs de haute qualité de finalisation, consultez « Flux de production impliquant
une bande » à la page 45).
Comme vous pouvez l’imaginer, il vaut mieux disposer de davantage d’informations de
couleur lors de l’étalonnage. Ainsi, lorsque vous apportez des corrections de contraste
importantes à de la vidéo sous-échantillonnée au format 4:1:1 ou 4:2:0, le grain du film
ou le bruit de la vidéo s’en trouvent multipliés. C’est notamment le cas lorsqu’on est en
présence d’une séquence sous-exposée. Vous aurez l’occasion de vous rendre compte
qu’en effectuant les mêmes modification sur de la vidéo sous-échantillonnée à 4:2:2,
vous obtiendrez beaucoup moins de grain et de bruit. un contraste plus marqué, associé à moins de bruit, cela donne une image globale plus riche.
De plus, on fait couramment appel à des opérations de sélection sur chrominance pour
isoler des parties spécifiques de l’image pour correction. Pour cela, on utilisera les qualificateurs HSL du studio Secondaries. Ces opérations de sélection de régions génèrent
des bords plus lisses et moins « bruyants » lorsque vous travaillez sur de la vidéo sous-
échantillonnée à 4:2:2. La compression de chrominance utilisée dans les formats de
sous-échantillonnage 4:1:1 et 4:2:0 entraîne un effet d’escalier lors de l’isolation de la
composante chromie, ce qui affecte les caches créés à l’aide des qualificateurs HSL.Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs) 29
Toutefois, il faut garder à l’esprit qu’il reste tout à fait possible de corriger de façon
importante de la vidéo très compressée. En surveillant l’évolution du bruit de l’image
lorsque vous montez le contraste d’une séquence sous-exposée, vous pouvez concentrer vos corrections sur les zones de l’image où le bruit est le moins élevé. Lorsque vous
effectuez des opérations d’étalonnage secondaire ciblées sur des parties spécifiques de
l’image, vous constaterez qu’il faut en général passer un peu plus de temps à effectuer
des incrustations lissées. Mais avec un peu de patience et d’attention, vous pouvez tout
de même obtenir de bons résultats.
Film, vidéo et sous-échantillonnage chromatique
En général, les images de film sont transférées avec le maximum de données d’image
possible, en particulier lorsqu’elles sont transmises sous forme de séquence d’images
sans aucune compression (4 :4 :4) dans le cadre d’un flux de travaux intermédiaire
numérique soigneusement géré. C’est une des raisons qui expliquent la qualité supé-
rieure du flux de travaux.
Par ailleurs, les données vidéo standard et haute définition sont généralement enregistrées avec des rapports de sous-échantillonnage chromatique moins élevés (4 :2 :2 est
couramment utilisé même avec des formats vidéo de qualité supérieure, tandis que
4 :1 :1 et 4 :2 :0 sont habituellement employés avec les formats destinés aux professionnels) et des taux de compression supérieurs, tout cela dépendant intégralement des formats d’enregistrement et de capture vidéo utilisés. Étant donné que le format vidéo
sélectionné détermine la qualité de la compression lors du tournage, vous n’avez pas la
possibilité de remédier à la perte des données d’image, si ce n’est de tirer parti au maximum des moyens dont vous disposez.
Cela étant dit, vous pouvez avec un peu d’application étalonner presque n’importe
quel format d’image vidéo compressée ou de séquence d’images avec d’excellents
résultats et Color vous donne la possibilité de travailler avec de nombreux formats
sources hautement compressés, parmi lesquels DV, HDV et DVCPRO HD.30 Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs)
Profondeur de bits
La profondeur de bits des données source avec lesquelles vous travaillez est un autre
facteur pouvant influer sur la qualité des images vidéo et de vos réglages d’image. Avec
les données encodées aux formats RVB et Y´CB
CR
, plus la profondeur de bits est élevée,
plus il y a de données d’image et plus l’image et vos corrections seront homogènes.
La profondeur de bits de vos données source dépend largement de leur mode d’acquisition initial.
La plupart des données que vous recevrez correspondront à l’une des profondeurs
de bits suivantes, qui sont toutes prises en charge par Color :
 8-bit : la plupart des formats vidéo numériques grand public et professionnels standard et haute définition capturent les données d’image sur 8 bits (y compris DV et
DVCPRO-25, DVCPRO 50, HDV, DVCPRO HD, HDCAM, etc.).
 10-bit : de nombreuses interfaces de capture vidéo permettent la capture sans compression de données vidéo analogiques et numériques à une résolution de 10 bits.
 10 bits logarithmiques : en enregistrant les données sous forme logarithmique, plutôt
que linéaire, il est possible de faire correspondre un rapport de contraste plus grand
(comme celui d’un film) avec un espace de données de 10 bits. Les fichiers d’historique 10 bits sont souvent enregistrés à partir des balayages de l’équipement de
cinéma numérique à l’aide des formats de séquence d’images Cineon et DPX.
 16-bit : 16 bits de données linéaires sont nécessaires pour obtenir le même rapport
de contraste qu’en mode 10 bits logarithmiques. Les ordinateurs traitant plus facilement les données linéaires, cela représente un autre espace de données disponible
dans certains formats d’image.
Des profondeurs de bits plus élevées produisent plus de données d’images en utilisant
une plage de valeurs plus grande pour représenter la gamme tonale disponible. Cela
est évident lorsqu’on examine les plages numériques employées par les deux profondeurs de bits les plus couramment associées à la vidéo.
 Les images 8 bits utilisent une plage complète de valeurs, de 0 à 255, pour enregistrer
chaque canal de couleur (la vidéo Y´CB
CR
emploie une plage plus étroite de 16 à 235
pour prendre en charge le super noir et le super blanc). 255, ce n’est pas un nombre
de valeurs important et au final, il est possible que des effets d’escalier soit légèrement visibles dans les zones de l’image contenant des dégradés très progressifs (par
exemple les cieux).
 De leur côté, les images 10 bits utilisent une plage complète de 0 à 1023 pour enregistrer chaque canal de couleur (là encore, la vidéo Y´CB
CR
emploie une plage plus
étroite de 64 à 940 pour prendre en charge le super noir et le super blanc). La plage
numérique quatre fois plus large autorise des dégradés plus homogènes et élimine
virtuellement les artefacts liés à la profondeur de bits.Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs) 31
Même si vous n’êtes pas toujours en mesure de régler la profondeur de bits de vos données source, vous pouvez contrôler celle à laquelle vous travaillez dans Color indépendamment. Cela signifie que vous pouvez travailler à une profondeur de bits supérieure
à celle des données source pour optimiser la qualité de vos corrections. En particulier,
de nombreux effets et corrections secondaires ont une bien meilleure apparence lorsque Color est réglé pour que la fonction de rendu s’exécute à des profondeurs de bits
plus élevées. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Réglages relatifs à la lecture, au
traitement et à la sortie » à la page 126.
Concepts de base liés aux couleurs et à l’imagerie
L’étalonnage implique le réglage du contraste d’une image, de même que de sa couleur (en exerçant un contrôle séparé sur la teinte et la saturation). Cette section explique ces concepts d’imagerie importants pour que vous puissiez mieux comprendre
comment les outils Color vous permettent de modifier l’image.
Contraste
Les réglages de contraste sont les plus fondamentaux et correspondent généralement
aux premiers ajustements effectués. Le contraste est une façon de décrire la tonalité
d’une image. Si vous éliminez toutes les couleurs d’une image, de façon à la réduire à
une série de nuances de gris, le contraste se traduit par la distribution des tons sombres, moyens et clairs dans l’image.
Le contrôle du contraste implique le réglage de trois aspects de la tonalité d’une image :
 Le point noir est le pixel le plus sombre de l’image.
 Le point blanc est le pixel le plus clair de l’image.
 Les tons intermédiaires correspondent à la distribution de toutes les valeurs tonales
existant entre les points noir et blanc.
Blanc
Noir
Gris32 Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs)
Le rapport de contraste est la différence entre les valeurs tonales les plus sombres et les
plus claires de l’image. En général, il est préférable d’utiliser un rapport de contraste élevé
augmentant la différence entre ces valeurs. Si vous ne recherchez pas spécifiquement à
obtenir une image à faible contraste, sachez que les rapports de contraste élevés permettent généralement de produire des images plus claires et plus nettes. Les deux images
ci-après, avec leurs histogrammes de distributions des ombres, des tons intermédiaires
et des hautes lumières (de gauche à droite), illustrent cela.
En outre, le fait de maximiser le rapport de contraste d’une image facilite les autres opé-
rations d’étalonnage en distribuant de façon plus homogène la couleur de l’image dans
les trois zones tonales réglées au moyen des trois options de réglage de la balance des
couleurs des studios Primary In, Secondaries et Primary Out. Cela permet d’apporter plus
aisément des corrections individuelles aux ombres, aux tons intermédiaires et aux hautes lumières.
Pour en savoir plus sur le réglage du contraste d’une image, consultez la section
« Utilisation des commandes de contraste Primary » à la page 195.Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs) 33
Luminance
La luminance (qui correspond en termes techniques au paramètre de luminance avec
correction gamma) décrit l’exposition (luminosité) d’un plan vidéo, depuis le noir absolu,
jusqu’au blanc le plus éclatant en passant par toute la distribution des tonalités de gris.
La luminance peut être séparée de la couleur d’une image. En fait, si vous désaturez
complètement une image, l’image à niveaux de gris restante est la luminance.
La luminance est mesurée par Color sous la forme d’un pourcentage numérique compris
entre 0 et 100, 0 correspondant au noir absolu et 100 au blanc absolu. Color prend également en charge les niveaux de super blanc (de 101 à 109 pour cent), s’ils existent dans
votre plan. Bien que les niveaux de super blanc ne soient pas considérés comme adaptés à la télédiffusion, de nombreuses caméras enregistrent quand même à ces niveaux.
Remarque : les niveaux de super blanc sont limités par le filtre Broadcast Safe s’il est
activé avec ses réglages par défaut, de sorte que les pixels de l’image ayant une luminance supérieure à 100 pour cent seront ramenés à 100 pour cent.
Qu’est-ce que le palier du noir ?
Les coloristes débutants confondent parfois le niveau de noir de la vidéo numérique
avec le palier du noir (Setup). Le palier du noir correspond au niveau de noir d’un signal
vidéo analogique et concerne uniquement la vidéo analogique. Si vous exportez sur
une bande analogique à l’aide d’une interface vidéo analogique de tierce partie, nous
vous conseillons de vous reporter à la documentation fournie avec l’interface pour
savoir comment configurer cette dernière pour la norme nord-américaine relative
au palier du noir (7.5 IRE) ou la norme japonaise (0 IRE). La plupart des fournisseurs
d’interfaces vidéo analogiques incluent un tableau de contrôle logiciel qui vous permet de sélectionner le niveau de noir à appliquer. Ils désignent cette fonction sous
l’appellation « 7.5 Setup » ou « 0 Setup », ou dans certains cas, « NTSC » ou « NTSC-J ».
Les données vidéo envoyées numériquement via SDI n’ont pas de palier du noir. Le niveau
de noir Y´CB
CR
reste simplement à la valeur numérique appropriée correspondant à la
profondeur de bits du signal vidéo (représentée par 0 pour cent sur un vidéoscope).
Noir
0% de luminosité 100% 109%
Blanc
Ultra-blanc34 Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs)
Gamma
Gamma fait référence à deux concepts différents. Pour un signal vidéo, le terme « gamma »
désigne la représentation non linéaire de la luminance dans une image affichée sur un
moniteur de diffusion ou d’ordinateur. La réponse de l’œil à la lumière n’étant pas linéaire
(voir la section « Modèle de couleurs Y’CB
CR
» à la page 27), le fait d’appliquer un réglage
gamma pendant l’enregistrement d’une image maximise les détails enregistrés perceptibles dans les signaux vidéo avec une bande passante limitée. Lors de la lecture, un téléviseur ou un moniteur applique une fonction gamma inversée pour rétablir l’état « original »
de l’image.
Il faut éviter d’effectuer des corrections gamma imprévues avant d’envoyer des données
de Final Cut Pro à Color. il est important de garder trace des corrections gamma qui sont
effectuées lors de l’exportation et de l’importation de plans dans Final Cut Pro dans le
cours du processus de montage, de sorte que toutes les corrections soient consignées et
évitées lors de l’aller-retour entre Final Cut Pro et Color. Pour en savoir plus sur les traitements gamma dans Final Cut Pro, consultez le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Final Cut Pro.
Le terme « gamma » sert également à décrire un réglage non linéaire appliqué à la distribution des tons intermédiaires dans une image. Par exemple, un réglage gamma ne
modifie pas le point noir et le point blanc d’une image, mais éclaircit ou assombrit les
tons intermédiaires en fonction du type d’ajustement effectué. Pour en savoir plus sur
les réglages gamma et l’ajustement des tons intermédiaires, reportez-vous au chapitre 9,
« Primary In », à la page 191.
Chromie (chrominance)
La chromie (également appelée chrominance) décrit les canaux de couleur de vos
plans, depuis l’absence de couleur jusqu’au niveau maximum de couleur pouvant
être représenté. Des valeurs chromatiques spécifiques peuvent être décrites à l’aide
des deux propriétés suivantes : teinte et saturation.
Hue
La teinte désigne la couleur elle-même, qu’il s’agisse de rouge, de vert ou de jaune.
La teinte est mesurée comme un angle sur une roue de couleurs.Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs) 35
Saturation
La saturation décrit l’intensité de la couleur (par exemple, rouge clair ou rouge pâle).
Une image totalement désaturée ne comporte aucune couleur et se compose de nuances de gris. La saturation se mesure également sur une roue de couleurs, selon la distance entre le centre et le bord.
Vous remarquerez que la roue de couleurs est un mélange des trois couleurs primaires
(rouge, vert et bleu) qui forment la vidéo. Entre ces trois couleurs viennent s’insérer les
couleurs secondaires (jaune, cyan et magenta) qui sont des mélanges à proportions
identiques de couleurs primaires.
Relations entre les couleurs
La compréhension des interactions de la roue de couleurs va vous aider à identifier
comment les options de Color affectent réellement les couleurs d’une image.
Couleurs primaires
Dans tout modèle de couleurs additives, les couleurs primaires sont le rouge, le vert
et le bleu. Il s’agit des trois couleurs les plus pures pouvant être représentées par le
réglage d’un canal de couleur sur 100 pour cent et des deux autres canaux de couleur
sur 0 pour cent.
Couleurs secondaires
L’ajout de deux des couleurs primaires produit une couleur secondaire. En d’autres termes, vous pouvez créer une couleur secondaire en réglant deux des canaux de couleur
sur 100 pour cent et le troisième sur 0 pour cent.
 Rouge + vert = jaune
 Vert + bleu = cyan
 Bleu + rouge = magenta
Autre équation du modèle à couleurs additives :
 Rouge + vert + bleu = blanc36 Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs)
Toutes ces combinaisons sont illustrées par les trois cercles colorés ci-dessous. Aux
zones d’intersection de deux couleurs primaires, la couleur secondaire apparaît, et à
l’intersection des trois couleurs, c’est le blanc qui apparaît.
Couleurs complémentaires
Deux couleurs placées à 180 degrés l’une de l’autre sur la roue sont appelées couleurs
complémentaires.
L’ajout de deux couleurs complémentaires de même saturation neutralise les couleurs,
produisant des nuances de gris. c’est ce que l’on constate sur les deux roues de couleurs
qui se chevauchent de l’illustration ci-dessous. Là où le rouge et le cyan se chevauchent,
les deux couleurs sont neutralisées.
Il est essentiel de comprendre la relation des couleurs avec leurs couleurs complémentaires
pour savoir comment éliminer ou introduire des dominantes de couleur dans une image
à l’aide des options d’étalonnage des couleurs primaires et secondaires de Color.Ainsi, pour
éliminer un reflet bleuté dans les hautes lumières d’une lumière du jour non corrigée, on
ajoute un peu d’orange pour neutraliser un peu toutes ces couleurs. Ces principes sont
décrits de façon plus détaillées au chapitre 9, « Primary In », à la page 191.Chapitre 1 Notions élémentaires relatives à l’étalonnage (ou correction de couleurs) 37
Le modèle de couleurs HSL
Le modèle de couleurs HSL est une autre méthode de représentation de la couleur, qui
est généralement utilisée au niveau des options de l’interface utilisateur vous permettant de choisir ou de régler les couleurs. HSL signifie « Hue, Saturation and Lightness »
(ou en français « Teinte, Saturation et Luminosité ou Luminance »). Ce modèle permet
de visualiser les relations entre la luminance, la teinte et la saturation.
Le modèle de « l’espace colorimétrique » HSL peut être illustré graphiquement sous
la forme d’un cône à trois dimensions. La teinte est représentée par un angle à la base
du cône, comme illustré ci-dessous, tandis que la saturation est représentée par la distance entre le centre et le bord du cône, le centre étant complètement désaturé et le
bord étant saturé à une intensité maximale. La luminosité d’une couleur peut alors être
représentée par la distance entre la base et le sommet du cône.
Color offre en fait un vidéoscope à trois dimensions permettant d’afficher les couleurs
d’une image dans un espace HSL extrudé, à des fins d’analyse d’image. Pour en savoir
plus, consultez la section « Vidéoscope d’espace colorimétrique 3D » à la page 185.2
39
2 Flux de production
de l’étalonnage
Pour tirer le meilleur parti de Color, il est nécessaire de
gérer soigneusement le flux de production. Ce chapitre
explique brièvement comment Color s’intègre à votre
flux de postproduction.
Color a été conçu pour travailler de concert avec des applications de montage telles que
Final Cut Pro grâce à la prise en charge des données multimédias QuickTime et XML ou
avec d’autres environnements de montage grâce à la prise en charge des listes de points
de montage (EDL, Edit Decision List) et des séquence d’images. Alors que d’autres dispositifs se chargent de la capture de l’entrée vidéo et film et de son montage, Color offre
un environnement dédié permettant de se concentrer sur l’étalonnage (ou « correction
de couleurs ») et sur les effets connexes.
Ce chapitre donne un rapide aperçu de la façon dont vous pouvez guider votre projet
d’un bout à l’autre d’un flux de production dans lequel Color est utilisé pour la correction des couleurs. Il fournit des informations sur les flux de production pour la vidéo
professionnelle haute définition et de définition standard et sur les flux de production
intermédiaires numériques au format 2K.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Aperçu du flux de production Color (p. 40)
 Limitations de Color (p. 42)
 Flux de production pour la finalisation de la vidéo à l’aide de Final Cut Pro (p. 44)
 Importation de projets à partir d’autres applications de montage vidéo (p. 53)
 Utilisation de Color dans un flux de production intermédiaire numérique (p. 57)
 Utilisation des listes de montage, du timecode et des numéros d’images pour la conformation des projets (p. 66)40 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
Aperçu du flux de production Color
Les contrôles Color se répartissent sur huit studios qui disposent chacun de leur propre
onglet et correspondent à des étapes différentes d’un flux de production de correction
de couleurs typique. Chaque studio que vous sélectionnez remappe les boutons, les
cadrans et les boules de commande de votre palette de commande (si vous en avez
une) de sorte qu’ils correspondent aux contrôles de ce studio.
Chaque studio rassemble en un seul écran tous les contrôles relatifs à une étape particulière du processus de correction de couleurs. L’ordre dans lequel les studios sont organisés
correspond à celui d’un flux de production de correction de couleurs typique. Vous pouvez ainsi utiliser successivement les contrôles des onglets Primary (primaires), Secondary
(secondaires), Color FX (effets de couleur), Primary Out (primaires sur sortie) et finalement
Geometry (géométrie) au cours de votre travail sur chaque plan du projet.
 Setup : le studio Setup (configuration) est le point de départ de tous les projets. C’est
l’endroit dans lequel vous importez et gérez les plans de votre programme et où se
trouvent la zone d’étalonnage, les réglages du projet et les préférences de l’application.
Dans la zone des réglages du projet qui se trouve dans le studio Setup, les coloristes
vidéo trouveront les contrôles de seuils de diffusion (Broadcast Safe) leur permettant
d’appliquer des restrictions de gamme de couleurs à l’ensemble du programme.
 Primary In : les corrections de couleurs primaires ont eu une incidence sur l’ensemble
de l’image. C’est donc dans ce studio que vous effectuez les réglages généraux de la
couleur et du contraste de chaque plan. Les contrôles des courbes et de la balance
de couleurs permettent d’ajuster les couleurs dans les ombres, les tons intermédiaires et les tons clairs de l’image. Les contrôles de prélèvement, de gamma et de gain
permettent d’ajuster le contraste de façon précise afin de modifier la luminosité de
différentes parties de l’image. Ce studio comprend aussi des contrôles pour la saturation de l’ensemble de l’image, celle des tons clairs et celle des ombres, ainsi que des
contrôles pour la valeur de tirage (ou lumière de tirage) que les coloristes peuvent
utiliser pour étalonner un film.
 Secondaries : les corrections de couleurs secondaires sont des ajustements ciblés réalisés sur certaines parties spécifiques de l’image. Ce studio propose de nombreuses
méthodes pour isoler, ou qualifier, les parties de l’image que vous souhaitez corriger.
Il comprend des contrôles permettant d’isoler une partie de l’image à l’aide de masques de formes différentes. D’autres contrôles vous offrent la possibilité d’isoler certaines parties de l’image à l’aide d’un masque d’effets chromatiques permettant de
spécifier la teinte, la saturation et la luminance. Il est possible de soumettre chaque
plan à huit types de corrections secondaires. En outre, des courbes secondaires spécifiques permettent de régler la teinte, la saturation et la luminance à l’intérieur de
segments particuliers du spectre.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 41
 Color FX : le studio Color FX vous permet de créer vos propres effets personnalisés grâce à
une interface arborescente à « nœuds » dont ne disposent généralement que les applications de compositing haut de gamme telles que Shake. Chacun de ces nœuds destinés
aux effets peut être lié aux autres en des milliers de combinaisons pour créer rapidement
de nombreux types différents d’effets de couleur. Ils est possible d’enregistrer les effets
personnalisés dans la zone d’étalonnage Color FX en vue d’une utilisation ultérieure.
Vous pourrez ainsi appliquer le même type d’effets de couleur à vos futurs projets.
 Primary Out : le studio Primary Out est identique au studio Primary In si ce n’est que
ses corrections de couleurs s’appliquent aux plans après le traitement de ces derniers
par tous les autres studios d’étalonnage de couleurs. Ceci vous permet de traiter vos
images a posteriori, une fois que toutes les autres corrections ont été effectuées.
 Geometry : le studio Geometry permet de recadrer, faire pivoter, retourner et renverser les plans selon les besoins. Il fournit également des outils permettant de créer des
masques personnalisés et d’effectuer des analyses du suivi de l’animation et de gérer
ces dernières. L’utilisation du studio Geometry dépend du flux de production :
 Dans le cas des projets convertis en boucle à partir de Final Cut Pro, les transformations relevant du studio Geometry ne sont pas rendues par Color lors de la sortie
des données du projet étalonné. Au lieu de cela, toutes les transformations géomé-
triques effectuées dans Color sont converties en réglages d’animation Final Cut Pro
lorsque le projet est renvoyé à Final Cut Pro. Si vous le souhaitez, vous pourrez personnaliser davantage ces effets dans Final Cut Pro avant le rendu et la sortie.
 Dans le cas des projets intermédiaires numériques au format 2K, les transformations effectuées dans le studio Geometry sont traitées par Color lors du rendu
des données de sortie.
Remarque : lorsque vous envoyez un projet de Final Cut Pro à Color, les effets
de l’onglet Motion (animation) compatibles sont convertis en réglages de studio
Geometry, ce qui vous permet d’afficher un aperçu et d’ajuster ces transformations
lors de la correction des couleurs. Pour en savoir plus, consultez le chapitre 15,
« Studio Geometry », à la page 331.
 Still Store : ce studio permet d’enregistrer des images de n’importe quel plan figurant
dans le plan de montage et de créer ainsi, à partir de votre programme, une bibliothèque d’images fixes de référence que vous pourrez ensuite consulter pour faire
une comparaison avec d’autres plans sur lesquels vous essayez d’apporter le même
type de corrections. Vous pouvez à tout moment charger en mémoire une image
du magasin d’images fixes (Still Store), puis basculer entre celle-ci et celle sur laquelle
se trouve actuellement la tête de lecture à l’aide des contrôles du menu Still Store.
Le magasin d’images fixes comprend aussi des contrôles permettant de créer et de
personnaliser des écrans multiples (split-screen) dont vous pouvez vous servir pour
équilibrer un plan par rapport à un autre. Toutes les comparaisons Still Store sont
envoyées aux sorties preview et moniteur broadcast.42 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
 Render Queue : lorsque vous avez terminé d’étalonner votre programme dans Color,
vous utilisez la file d’attente de rendu (Render Queue) pour gérer le rendu des plans
de votre projet.
Limitations de Color
Color a été conçu pour fonctionner de concert avec des applications de montage telles
que Final Cut Pro, qui se charge de l’entrée, du montage et de la sortie alors que Color
vous permet de vous concentrer sur la correction des couleurs et sur les effets connexes. Toutefois, malgré ses nombreuses fonctionnalités, Color ne permet pas de réaliser
certaines tâches particulières :
 Enregistrement : Color ne permet pas de numériser ou de capturer des images vidéo
ou film. Ceci signifie que vous devez importer dans Color des projets et des données
créés avec une autre application.
 Montage : Color n’est pas une application de montage. Les outils de montage mis
à votre disposition sont principalement destinés aux coloristes qui travaillent sur des
flux de production au format 2K dans lesquels le projet Color constitue la version
finale qui deviendra le master numérique. Par défaut, les pistes des fichiers du projet
XML importé sont verrouillées pour éviter l’introduction d’erreurs lors de montages
ultérieurs une fois le projet renvoyé à Final Cut Pro.
Afin de tenir compte des modifications apportées lors du montage, des outils
de reconformation sont prévus pour synchroniser une liste de montage ou une
séquence Final Cut Pro avec la version du projet en cours d’étalonnage dans Color.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Reconformation de projets » à la page 94.
 Filtres : il n’est pas possible d’obtenir un rendu ou un aperçu des filtres FXScript ou
FXPlug de Final Cut Pro dans Color. Toutefois, ces filtres se trouvent toujours dans
votre projet, et ils apparaîtront à nouveau une fois le projet renvoyé à Final Cut Pro.
Remarque : en règle générale, il n’est pas recommandé de laisser les filtres de correction de couleurs dans votre projet Final Cut Pro lorsque vous l’envoyez à Color. Même
s’ils n’ont aucune effet lorsque vous travaillez avec Color, leur réapparition soudaine
lorsque le projet est renvoyé à Final Cut Pro peut donner lieu à des résultats inattendu.
 Transitions : Color conserve les donnés de transition que peuvent éventuellement
contenir une liste de montage ou un fichier XML importés, mais ne lit pas les transitions lors des aperçus. Leur rendu dépend de la façon dont le projet est traité :
 Dans le cas des projets convertis en boucle à partir de Final Cut Pro, les transitions
ne sont pas rendues dans Color lors de la sortie. Au lieu de cela, après le renvoi
du projet, Final Cut Pro est chargé de rendre ces effets.
 Dans le cas des intermédiaires numériques en 2K, toutes les transitions vidéo
sont ignorées.
 Superpositions : les plans superposés apparaissent dans le plan de montage, mais
les opérations de compositing impliquant l’opacité ne sont ni affichées ni rendues.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 43
 Effets de vitesse : Color ne fournit aucune interface pour l’ajout d’effets de vitesse et
laisse cette tâche à l’application de montage dans laquelle le projet a été créé à l’origine. Il est possible de voir les effets de vitesse linéaire et de vitesse variable que contient déjà votre projet, tels que ceux qui ont été ajoutés dans Final Cut Pro lors de la
lecture des aperçus, mais ils ne sont pas rendus dans Color lors de la sortie. On compte
en effet sur Final Cut Pro pour rendre ces effets dans le cas des flux de production
avec conversion en boucle.
 Générateurs Final Cut Pro et plans de projets Motion ou LiveType : les générateurs
Final Cut Pro, les projets Motion et les projets LiveType sont totalement ignorés
par Color. La façon dont vous traitez ce type d’effets dépend également de votre
flux de production :
 Si vous convertissez un projet en boucle entre Final Cut Pro et Color et souhaitez
étalonner ces effets dans Color, vous devriez rendre ces effets en tant que fichiers
vidéo QuickTime (.mov) autonomes. Insérez ensuite ces nouveaux fichiers vidéo
dans votre séquence pour remplacer les plans correspondant aux effets originaux
avant d’envoyer votre projet à Color.
 Si le projet est converti en boucle entre Final Cut Pro et Color et si ces effets
ne nécessitent aucun étalonnage, il n’est pas nécessaire de faire quoi que ce soit.
Même si ces effets ne s’affichent pas dans Color, ils conservent leur position dans
le plan de montage, de sorte qu’ils réapparaîtront dans Final Cut Pro lorsque vous
y renverrez le projet. Les titres sont un bon exemple d’effets qui, en général, n’ont
pas besoin d’être étalonnés.
 Si vous travaillez sur un projet intermédiaire numérique au format 2K, vous devrez
vous servir d’une application de compositing telle que Shake ou Motion pour composer tous les effets qui utilisent les données de la séquence d’images.
Important : lorsque vous envoyez des images faisant partie de vos données multimé-
dias à une application de compositing, il est crucial de ne pas modifier leur numéro dans
les noms de fichiers de la nouvelle séquence d’images que vous générez. Le numéro
d’image de chaque fichier image permet de connaître sa position dans le plan de montage du programme. Tous les effets créés au cours d’un flux de production intermé-
diaire numérique au format 2K exigent donc une gestion méticuleuse des fichiers.
 Plans Freeze Frame et fichiers d’images fixes : les images fixes utilisées dans les projets
Final Cut Pro, y compris les images .tiff, .jpg, ou les plans Freeze Frame d’arrêt sur image
créés par Final Cut Pro, sont également ignorées par Color. Si vous souhaitez étalonner
des images fixes dans Color, vous devez les rendre en tant que séquences QuickTime
(fichiers .mov) autonomes, puis les réinsérer dans votre séquence Final Cut Pro pour
remplacer le plan original avant d’envoyer le projet à Color.44 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
 Sortie vidéo ou film : bien que Color fournisse une sortie normalisée de la lecture de
votre projet à des fins de visionnage, celle-ci n’est pas destinée à être utilisée comme
sortie sur bande de votre programme. Ceci signifie que lorsque vous avez terminé de
corriger les couleurs de votre projet dans Color, la sortie rendue doit être envoyée à
Final Cut Pro où la sortie sur bande sera créée ou à un autre environnement si une
sortie sur film est requise.
Flux de production pour la finalisation de la vidéo à l’aide de
Final Cut Pro
Si un programme a été monté avec Final Cut Pro, son envoi à Color est relativement
simple. Une fois le montage du programme effectué dans Final Cut Pro, si cela est
nécessaire, vous devez reconformer le programme de façon à pouvoir utiliser les
données source originales à leur plus haute qualité possible.
Ceci fait, vous pouvez envoyer les données et les fichiers du projet à Color pour y corriger leurs couleurs. Lorsque la correction de couleurs sera terminée, vous devrez rendre
le résultat puis renvoyer le projet à Final Cut Pro afin de créer la sortie finale, soit sur
bande, soit sous la forme d’un fichier QuickTime.
La façon exacte dont vous conformez vos données source dans Final Cut Pro dépend
du type de données utilisées.
Sortie
du master
final
XML XML
Nouveaux
multimédia
Color corrigées
Multimédia
online
Correction
de Color
Rendu
Effets
de fin
et sortie
Color Final
Cut Pro
Multimédia source
Final
Cut Pro
Montage
Transfert vers
Color
Transfert vers
Final Cut Pro
Multimédia
DonnéesChapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 45
Flux de production impliquant une bande
Dans le cas d’un flux de production off line / on line traditionnel impliquant une bande,
le processus est simple. Les bandes sont capturées avec Final Cut Pro, éventuellement à
une résolution off line de moindre qualité afin de faciliter le montage initial puisque, dans
ce cas, les données utilisées requièrent moins d’espace disque et sont plus faciles à traiter étant donné qu’elles permettent l’utilisation d’une plus grande gamme d’ordinateurs.
Une fois le montage off line terminé, les données utilisées par le programme monté
doivent être recapturées à partir des bandes source à la qualité maximale. Les données
on line qui en résultent seront celles qui seront utilisées pour la conversion en boucle
entre Final Cut Pro et Color.
La procédure ci-dessous décompose ce processus de façon plus explicite.
Sortie
du master
final
XML XML
Nouveaux
multimédia
Color corrigées
Multimédia
online
Correction
de Color
Rendu
Effets
de fin
et sortie
Color Final
Cut Pro
Final
Cut Pro
Montage
offline
Transfert vers
Color
Transfert vers
Final Cut Pro
Multimédia source
Multimédia
Données
Doublons
offline
Reconformation
online46 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
Étape 1 : Capturez les données source à une résolution off line ou on line
La façon dont vous abordez la capture de vos données avant le montage dépend de
leur format. Les formats avec compression, tels que DV, DVCPRO-50, DVCPRO HD et
HDV, peuvent être capturés à leur plus haute qualité sans besoin d’énormes ressources
de stockage. Dans ce cas, le fait de capturer les données et d’effectuer leur montage en
utilisant la résolution et le codec natifs permet d’éliminer l’étape ultérieure de la recapture de ces données (parfois appelée conformation) qui prend du temps.
La recapture à une résolution plus basse ou à l’aide d’un codec de plus forte compression peut s’avérer intéressante pour les formats vidéo sans compression ou les projets
qui comptent un très grand nombre de bobines de données source. Elle permet en
effet non seulement d’économiser de l’espace disque mais aussi d’effectuer le montage sur des équipements moins coûteux. Vous devrez ultérieurement recapturer les
données avant la correction des couleurs.
Étape 2 : Effectuez le montage du programme dans Final Cut Pro
Effectuez le montage du programme dans Final Cut Pro comme vous le feriez pour
n’importe quel autre projet. Si vous comptez utiliser un grand nombre d’effets dans
votre programme lors du montage, familiarisez-vous avec les thèmes couverts dans
la section « Limitations de Color » à la page 42.
Étape 3 : Au besoin, recapturez les données source à une résolution on line
Si, à l’origine, vos données source ont été capturées à un format off line, vous devrez
recapturer les données utilisées dans votre projet à la plus haute qualité disponible
possible avant de les envoyer à Color.
 Si vos données ont été initialement enregistrées à un format comprimé (par exemple,
DV, DVCPRO-50, DVCPRO HD ou HDV), vous pouvez vous contenter de les recapturer
avec la résolution et le codec source d´’origine. En effet, Color est capable de traiter les
données comprimées et de convertir automatiquement les données d’image à une
profondeur de bits sans compression plus élevée pour une meilleure qualité d’image
lors du monitoring et du rendu.
 Si vous capturez des données à un format vidéo de plus haute définition (par exemple
Betacam SP, Digital Betacam, HDCAM et HDCAM SR) et si vous recherchez une qualité
élevée mais devez recourir à la compression pour économiser votre espace disque et
favoriser les performances, vous pouvez effectuer la nouvelle capture à l’aide du codec
Apple ProRes 422 ou du codec de qualité plus élevée Apple ProRes 422 (HQ).
 Si vous capturez des données à un format vidéo de haute définition et si vous voulez
disposer de la plus haute qualité vidéo sans compression, sans considération pour les
questions d’espace disque, effectuez la nouvelle capture de vos données au format
Apple sans compression 8 bits 4:2:2 ou Apple sans compression 10 bits 4:2:2.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 47
Il se peut également qu’avant la recapture, vous souhaitiez profiter de l’occasion pour
supprimer les données non utilisées à l’aide du Gestionnaire de données de Final Cut Pro
afin d’économiser de l’espace disque, notamment si vous recapturez des données sans
compression. Pour plus d’informations, consultez la documentation Final Cut Pro.
Remarque : certains codecs, tels que HDV, peuvent solliciter le processeur plus que
d’autres. Dans un tel cas, la capture ou la recompression des données à l’aide d’un codec
sollicitant moins le processeur, par exemple Apple ProRes 422 ou Apple ProRes 422 (HQ),
améliore les performances de l’application Color, tout en fournissant une qualité élevée
et en occupant un espace de stockage mesuré.
Étape 4 : Effectuez un pré-rendu de toute image fixe ou de tout effet à étalonner
dans Color
Color ne peut pas afficher ni traiter les images fixes, certains réglages d’animation, les filtres FXScript ou FxPlug, les générateurs Final Cut Pro (y compris les titres), les fichiers de
projet Motion ou les fichiers de projet LiveType. Si vous souhaitez étalonner des plans
qui contiennent certains de ces effets avec Color, vous devez les rendre en tant que
séquences QuickTime (fichiers .mov) autonomes dans Final Cut Pro, puis les réinsérer
dans votre séquence Final Cut Pro pour remplacer les plans originaux avant d’envoyer le
projet à Color. Pour en savoir plus sur les effets et les fonctionnalités qui ne sont pas
compatibles avec Color, reportez-vous à la section « Limitations de Color » à la page 42.
Étape 5 : Préparez votre séquence Final Cut Pro
Pour préparer votre séquence montée pour un flux de production efficace dans Color,
suivez la procédure décrite dans la section « Avant d’exporter votre projet
Final Cut Pro » à la page 89.
Étape 6 : Envoyez la séquence à Color ou exportez un fichier XML
Lorsque vous avez terminé la préparation de votre séquence montée, vous pouvez
l’envoyer à Color de deux façons différentes.
 Si Color est installé sur le même ordinateur que Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez vous servir de la commande « Envoyer à Color » pour envoyer l’intégralité d’une séquence
montée à Color et créer ainsi automatiquement un nouveau fichier de projet.
 Si vous envoyez le projet à une autre installation, il se peut que vous souhaitiez
exporter la séquence montée en tant que fichier XML de sorte que le destinataire
puisse l’importer dans Color. Dans ce cas, vous devriez également vous servir du
Gestionnaire de données de Final Cut Pro pour copier les données du projet sur
un disque dur portable de sorte que la livraison soit plus facile.48 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
Étape 7 : Étalonnez votre programme avec Color
Utilisez Color pour étalonner votre programme. Lorsque vous travaillez sur un projet
converti en boucle à partir de Final Cut Pro, il est crucial d’éviter le déverrouillage des
pistes ou un nouveau montage des plans dans le plan de montage. Ceci pourrait en
effet vous empêcher de renvoyer le projet à Final Cut Pro.
Si le client nécessite un nouveau montage alors que le processus d’étalonnage a déjà
commencé, vous devriez effectuer ce montage dans Final Cut Pro, puis exporter une
version XML de la séquence mise à jour que vous pouvez ensuite utiliser pour actualiser rapidement le projet Color en cours à l’aide de la commande Reconform. Pour en
savoir plus, consultez la section « Reconformation de projets » à la page 94.
Étape 8 : Rendez les nouvelles données source, puis envoyez le projet mis à jour
à Final Cut Pro
Une fois l’étalonnage terminé, vous utiliserez la file d’attente de rendu (Render Queue)
de Color pour rendre tous les plans du projet sous la forme d’un nouvel ensemble distinct de fichiers de données étalonnées.
Ceci fait, vous devrez envoyer le projet mis à jour à Final Cut Pro à l’aide de l’une des
deux méthodes suivantes :
 Si Color est installé sur le même ordinateur que Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez vous servir de la commande Send to Final Cut Pro.
 Si vous renvoyez le projet étalonné à l’installation d’origine, vous devez exporter le
projet Color sous la forme d’un fichier XML de sorte qu’il puisse ensuite être importé
dans Final Cut Pro.
Important : certains réglages de l’onglet Project Settings du studio Setup ont une incidence sur la façon dont les données rendues par Colorsont rendues dans Final Cut Pro.
Ces réglages sont Deinterlace Renders, QuickTime Export Codec, Broadcast Safe et Handles. Assurez-vous de vérifier ces réglages et les autres avant de rendre la sortie finale.
Étape 9 : Ajustez les transitions, les superpositions et les titres dans Final Cut Pro
Pour produire la sortie de votre projet, vous devez réimporter les données du projet
XML dans Final Cut Pro. Cette opération est automatique si vous utilisez la commande
Send to Final Cut Pro. À ce stade, vous pouvez ajouter ou ajuster les autres effets que
vous aviez appliqués précédemment dans Final Cut Pro avant de créer le master final
du programme. Il se peut alors que vous souhaitiez tenir compte d’un certain nombre
de considérations lors de la préparation du programme, notamment les suivantes :
 Avez-vous d’un master « sans texte » du programme ou d’un master dans lequel
les titres sont rendus en même temps que l’image ?
 Y-a-t-il encore des plans correspondant à des effets qui doivent être importés et
dont les couleurs doivent être corrigées dans Final Cut Pro ?Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 49
Étape 10 : Enregistrez la sortie du master vidéo final sur bande ou créez le rendu
du master sous la forme d’un fichier QuickTime
Une fois tous les derniers ajustements effectués dans Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez créer
la version finale de votre programme à l’aide des commandes Print to Video, Edit to
Tape ou Export QuickTime Movie.
Reconformation des données on line dans un flux de production de
vidéo numérique sans bande
Si un programme exploite un format vidéo sans bande, les étapes du processus sont
similaires à celles décrites précédemment. Toutefois, elles peuvent concerner plusieurs
jeux de fichiers QuickTime : les données originales à résolution on line, et peut-être un
second jeu de fichiers de données converties à une résolution off line plus basse pour
faciliter les opérations de montage. Après le montage off line, la conformation on line
suppose un rétablissement du lien aux données source originales avant la conversion
en boucle entre Final Cut Pro et Color.
Vous trouverez ci-dessous une explication plus détaillée de la procédure de ce flux
de production permettant de passer du format off line au format on line.
Sortie
du master
final
XML XML
Nouveaux
multimédia
Color corrigées
Multimédia
online
Correction
de Color
Rendu
Effets
de fin
et sortie
Color Final
Cut Pro
Final Cut Pro
Montage
offline
Transfert vers
Color
Transfert vers
Final Cut Pro
Multimédia
Donées
Reconformation
online
Multimédia source
Doublons
offline50 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
Étape 1 : Filmez et sauvegardez toutes les données source
Filmez le projet en l’enregistrant au format sans bande que vous avez choisi. Lors du
tournage, veillez à faire des copies de sauvegarde de toutes vos données et à les conserver au cas où un problème surviendrait avec le dispositif de stockage principal.
Étape 2 : Créez des doubles à une résolution off line et archivez les données à la
résolution originale
Au besoin, faites une copie des données source à une résolution off line en utilisant le
format le plus approprié à votre système. Ensuite, archivez les données source originales de telle sorte que rien ne puisse leur arriver.
Important : lors de la création des doubles off line des données sans bande, il est crucial de dupliquer et de respecter le timecode et les noms de fichiers originaux utilisés
lors de la création des fichiers source. Dans le cas contraire, vous ne serez pas en mesure
de rétablir aisément le lien aux fichiers source originaux en haute résolution une fois le
montage off line terminé.
Étape 3 : Effectuez le montage du programme dans Final Cut Pro
Effectuez le montage du programme dans Final Cut Pro comme vous le feriez pour
n’importe quel autre projet. Si vous comptez utiliser un grand nombre d’effets dans
votre programme lors du montage, familiarisez-vous avec les thèmes couverts dans
la section « Limitations de Color » à la page 42.
Étape 4 : Rétablissez le lien entre votre séquence montée et les données source
originales
Une fois le montage off line terminé, vous devrez rétablir les données source originales
de qualité on line et rétablir le lien entre votre projet et les fichiers en haute résolution.
Étape 5 : Effectuez un pré-rendu des effets, envoyez la séquence à Color et procé-
dez à son étalonnage
À ce stade, le flux de production est identique à celui qui est décrit dans l’étape 7 de la
section « Flux de production impliquant une bande » à la page 45.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 51
Reconformation des données on line dans un flux de production de
vidéo numérique avec télécinéma
Si vous travaillez sur un projet tourné sur pellicule mais qui sera masterisé sur vidéo, il
doit être transféré du film sur une bande à l’aide d’un télécinéma (numérisation) avant
sa capture et son montage dans Final Cut Pro. Ensuite, le reste du montage off line et
on line est le même que pour tout autre format reposant sur l’utilisation d’une bande.
Vous trouverez ci-dessous une explication plus détaillée de la procédure de ce flux
de production permettant de passer du format off line au format on line.
XML
Multimédia
online
Final Color
Cut Pro
Transfert vers
Color
Négatif de la caméra
Multimédia vidéo transférés
Télécinéma
Montages
offline
et online
Sortie
du master
final
XML
Nouveaux
multimédia
Color corrigées
Effets
de fin
et sortie
Final
Cut Pro
Transfert vers
Final Cut Pro
Correction Rendu
de Color
Multimédia
Données52 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
Étape 1 : Tournez votre film
Filmez le projet tout comme vous le feriez pour n’importe quel autre projet enregistré
sur pellicule.
Étape 2 : Numérisez les rushes à l’aide d’un télécinéma
Une fois le tournage du film terminé, développez les rushes et passez-les au télécinéma pour les numériser à un format vidéo approprié à votre flux de production.
 Certains producteurs préfèrent faire des économies dès le départ en effectuant un transfert « à lumière unique » de toutes les images vers un format vidéo off line bon marché
destiné au montage off line initial (un transfert à lumière unique désigne le transfert de
scènes entières avec un seul réglage de correction de couleurs). Ceci peut se traduire par
une réduction des coûts et un gain de temps au début, mais un deuxième télécinéma
peut être requis pour retransférer uniquement les images utilisées au cours du montage
à une qualité supérieure sur le plan visuel.
 D’autres producteurs choisissent de transférer tous les rushes (ou tout du moins
les prises de vue sélectionnées par le réalisateur) en recourant à un transfert « à la
meilleure lumière » dans lequel chacun des réglages de correction de couleurs est
ajusté individuellement pour chaque plan à numériser, ce qui permet d’optimiser la
couleur et l’exposition au cas par cas. Les images sont transférées à un format vidéo
de haute qualité capable de conserver la plus grande quantité possible de données
d’images. Cette option peut s’avérer beaucoup plus chère dans un premier temps,
mais elle permet de faire des économies par la suite puisqu’il n’est pas nécessaire
d’effectuer un deuxième télécinéma.
Étape 3 : Capturez les données source à une résolution off line ou on line
La méthode utilisée pour la capture des données avant le montage dépend du flux de
production. Si vous avez numérisé des données de qualité off line avec un télécinéma,
vous pouvez vous contenter de les capturer à l’aide d’un codec de qualité off line.
En revanche, si vous avez numérisé des données de qualité on line avec un télécinéma,
vous pouvez soit suivre un flux de production impliquant une conversion « off line / on
line », soit capturer les données à l’aide d’un codec on line, puis travailler sur votre programme en qualité on line jusqu’à la fin.
Étape 4 : Effectuez le montage du programme dans Final Cut Pro
Effectuez le montage du programme dans Final Cut Pro comme vous le feriez pour
n’importe quel autre projet. Si vous comptez utiliser un grand nombre d’effets dans
votre programme lors du montage, familiarisez-vous avec les thèmes couverts dans
la section « Limitations de Color » à la page 42.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 53
Étape 5 : Recapturez ou retransférez les données à une résolution on line
(si nécessaire)
La méthode utilisée pour la conformation du projet off line en données de qualité
on line dépend de la façon dont vous avez effectué le transfert initial sur vidéo.
 Si à l’origine vous avez converti vos images à un format vidéo on line à l’aide d’un télé-
cinéma de haute qualité, mais qu’ensuite vous avez capturé vos données source à un
format off line pour le montage, vous devrez recapturer les données à partir des bandes source originales issues du télécinéma au format QuickTime sans compression de
la plus haute qualité possible que votre ordinateur peut prendre en charge (par exemple, Apple ProRes 422 ou Apple sans compression), puis il vous faudra rétablir le lien
entre les nouvelles données et votre projet.
 Si en revanche vous avez utilisé un télécinéma peu coûteux à lumière unique pour
convertir vos images à un format vidéo off line, vous devrez effectuer à nouveau une
numérisation avec un autre télécinéma pour transférer uniquement les données que
vous avez utilisées dans le programme à un format de haute qualité. Cinema Tools
permet de générer une liste d’épreuves dont vous pouvez ensuite vous servir pour
retransférer méticuleusement les images nécessaires à un format vidéo de qualité
on line. Vous devrez ensuite recapturer les nouvelles données on line issues de ce
transfert au format QuickTime sans compression de la plus haute qualité possible
que votre ordinateur peut prendre en charge.
Important : ne vous servez pas du Gestionnaire de données pour renommer ou supprimer les données non utilisées de votre projet lorsque vous travaillez sur des données
off line correspondant au négatif de la caméra. En effet, vous n’auriez plus la possibilité
de créer des listes d’épreuves précises dans Cinema Tools.
Étape 6 : Effectuez un pré-rendu des effets, envoyez la séquence à Color et procé-
dez à son étalonnage
À ce stade, le flux de production est identique à celui qui est décrit dans l’étape 7 de
la section « Flux de production impliquant une bande » à la page 45.
Importation de projets à partir d’autres applications
de montage vidéo
Color peut également importer des projets d’autres environnements de montage par le
biais des listes de montage (EDL, Edit Decision Lists). Une liste de montage est une liste
d’événements qui répertorie toutes les coupes et les transitions dont le programme est
composé.
Une fois que vous avez importé votre fichier de projet dans Color et copié les données
du programme sur un dispositif de stockage offrant des performances appropriées,
vous pouvez lier les plans qui se trouvent dans le plan de montage de Color avec les
données qui leur correspondent.54 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
Importation des listes de montage dans le cas d’une conversion
en boucle entre Final Cut Pro et Color
Si une liste de montage correspondant au programme monté et une boîte de données
source vous ont été fournies, vous pouvez importer la liste de montage dans Final Cut Pro
pour capturer les données du projet et préparer ce dernier en vue de l’envoyer à Color.
Outre le fait de permettre la recapture des images, Final Cut Pro est compatible avec un
plus grand nombre de formats de listes de montage que Color. Par ailleurs, outre les montages vidéo, Final Cut Pro est capable de lire les montages audio et les superpositions.
Remarque : Color permet d’importer directement les listes de montage mais ne peut
lire que la partie vidéo des montages, dans la piste V1. Les transitions vidéo, l’audio et
les surimpositions sont ignorées.
Étape 1 : Importez le projet dans Final Cut Pro
Importez la liste de montage du projet monté dans Final Cut Pro.
Étape 2 : Capturez les données à une résolution on line
Vous devez recapturer la séquence créée lors de l’importation de la liste des points de
montage en recourant au format QuickTime de la plus haute qualité que puisse traiter
votre ordinateur (comme Apple ProRes 422 ou Apple sans compression).
Étape 3 : Effectuez un pré-rendu des effets, envoyez la séquence à Color et procé-
dez à son étalonnage
À ce stade, le flux de production est identique à celui qui est décrit dans l’étape 7
de la section « Flux de production impliquant une bande » à la page 45.
Final
Cut Pro
XML
Multimédia
online
Multimédia source
et fichier EDL
Color
Transfert vers
Color
Sortie
du master
final
XML
Nouveaux
multimédia
Color corrigées
Effets
de fin
et sortie
Final
Cut Pro
Transfert vers
Final Cut Pro
Correction Rendu
de Color
Multimédia
Données
Importation
des listes
de montage
pour créer
un projet
Nouvelle
capture
de multimédiaChapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 55
Importation et marquage des masters prémontés du programme
Il existe une autre façon courante d’obtenir un programme en vue de la correction de
couleurs qui consiste à recevoir un master monté, soit sur bande, soit sous la forme d’une
séquence QuickTime ou d’une séquence d’images, accompagné d’une liste de montage.
Vous pouvez utiliser la liste de montage pour ajouter automatiquement les coupes au
fichier de données du master dans Color (ce qui s’appelle « marquer » ou « encocher »
les données) pour faciliter l’étalonnage individuel de chaque plan du programme.
Étape 1 : Importez le projet dans Final Cut Pro
Importez la liste de montage du projet monté dans Final Cut Pro.
Étape 2 : Capturez le master du programme (si nécessaire)
Si on vous a confié le master du programme sur bande, vous devez recapturer entièrement ledit programme en recourant au format QuickTime de la plus haute qualité que
puisse traiter votre ordinateur (comme Apple ProRes 422 ou Apple sans compression).
Si le master du programme vous est fourni sous la forme d’un fichier QuickTime, vous
devriez également demander à la personne qui vous remet les données de vous envoyer
ce fichier QuickTime à la plus haute qualité que votre ordinateur est capable de traiter.
Pour que ce processus se déroule correctement, il est préférable que le timecode de la
première image des données corresponde au premier timecode de la liste de montage.
Étape 3 : Importez la liste de montage dans Color, puis rétablissez le lien au fichier
de données du master
Sélectionnez la liste de montage dans la zone de dialogue Projects qui apparaît lorsque vous ouvrez Color pour la première fois ou utilisez la commande File > Import >
EDL. Lorsque la zone de dialogue EDL Import Settings apparaît, choisissez le format
de la liste de montage, le projet, la liste de montage et la fréquence d’images des
données source.
Capture de
l'intégralité
du programme
Final Cut Pro
Multimédia
online
Bande
Master
Color
Sortie
du master
final
XML
Nouveaux
multimédia
Color corrigées
Effets
de fin
et sortie
Final
Cut Pro
Transfert vers
Final Cut Pro
Rendu
Multimédia
Données
Création d'un
projet Color
à partir d'une liste
de montage (EDL)
pour « encoder »
le multimédia online
Correction
de Color56 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
Pour marquer (« encocher ») correctement le fichier de données du master, vous devez
vous assurer d’activer Use as Cut List, puis choisir le fichier de données du master que
vous avez capturé ou que l’on vous a remis. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section
« Importation de listes de montage (EDL) » à la page 95.
Étape 4 : Étalonnez votre programme avec Color
Utilisez Color pour étalonner votre programme.
Étape 5 : Rendez les nouvelles données source, puis envoyez le projet mis à jour
à Final Cut Pro
Une fois l’étalonnage terminé, vous utiliserez la file d’attente de rendu (Render Queue)
de Color pour rendre tous les plans du projet sous la forme d’un nouvel ensemble distinct de fichiers de données étalonnées.
Ceci fait, vous devrez envoyer le projet mis à jour à Final Cut Pro à l’aide de l’une des
deux méthodes suivantes :
 Si Color est installé sur le même ordinateur que Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez vous servir de la commande Send to Final Cut Pro.
 Si vous renvoyez le projet étalonné à l’installation d’origine, vous devez exporter le
projet Color sous la forme d’un fichier XML de sorte qu’il puisse ensuite être importé
dans Final Cut Pro.
Remarque : lorsque vous envoyez à Final Cut Pro un projet initialement importé dans
Color, vous n’envoyez en fait que les plans qui sont disponible dans Color, qui se limitent généralement à ceux qui se trouvent sur la piste V1. En effet, Color ne prend pas
en charge les pistes audio ni les effets de superposition.
Étape 6 : Ajustez les transitions, les superpositions et les titres dans Final Cut Pro
Pour produire la sortie de votre projet, vous devez réimporter les données du projet
XML dans Final Cut Pro. Cette opération est automatique si vous utilisez la commande
Send to Final Cut Pro. À ce stade, vous pouvez ajouter d’autres effets dans Final Cut Pro
avant de créer le master final du programme.
Étape 7 : Enregistrez la sortie du master vidéo final sur bande ou créez le rendu du
master sous la forme d’un fichier QuickTime
Une fois tous les derniers ajustements effectués dans Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez créer
la version finale de votre programme à l’aide des commandes Print to Video, Edit to
Tape ou Export QuickTime Movie.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 57
Utilisation de Color dans un flux de production intermédiaire
numérique
Color prend en charge l’étalonnage pour les flux de production intermédiaires numériques
au format 2K. Pour parler simplement, les termes intermédiaire numérique décrivent le processus qui consiste à créer tous les effets et à corriger les couleurs sur les versions numériques en haute résolution du négatif original de la caméra. Color permet de travailler avec
des séquences d’images logarithmiques 10 bits au format 2K obtenues à l’aide d’un télécinéma avec stockage sur disques durs, et ce grâce au traitement des données d’image à une
qualité extrêmement haute et au rendu du résultat sous la forme d’une séquence d’images
à partir de laquelle il est possible de créer une sortie sur film.
Les sections ci-dessous décrivent différents flux de production au format 2K que vous
pouvez suivre et vous indique comment ne pas perdre la trace de vos données d’image
d’une étape à l’autre.
Flux de production intermédiaire numérique sans bande impliquant
des doubles numériques à une résolution on line / off line
Les flux de production intermédiaires numériques les plus simples sont ceux dans lesquels vous numérisez toutes les images nécessaires pour le montage off line puis créez
un double des données off line que vous utiliserez pour monter votre projet. Une fois
le montage off line terminé, vous rétablissez le lien entre le programme et les images
source originales au format 2K dans Color.58 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
La création des données off line à partir des données numériques originales permet
d’assurer la simplicité du flux de production et d’éliminer la nécessité de retransférer le
film source ultérieurement. Le seul inconvénient de cette méthode est qu’elle requiert
une énorme quantité d’espace de stockage, qui dépend de la longueur du projet et de
son ratio de tournage.
La procédure ci-dessous décompose ce processus de façon plus explicite.
Color
Regroupement
du multimédia
de rendu
Conformation
Correction
de Color
Rendu
Négatif de la caméra
Transferts télécinéma
haute définition
Séquence
d'images DPX
avec résolution de 2k
Séquence
de sortie finale
Enregistreur de film Impression de film
Conversion
QuickTime
off line
Multimédia
Données
Final Cut Pro
Montage
offlineChapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 59
Étape 1 : Tournez votre film
L’idéal serait que de faire quelques essais avant la photographie principale pour voir
comment le transfert du scanneur de film à Color puis à l’enregistreur de film fonctionne avec les formats de film et les pellicules que vous avez choisis. Il est toujours
préférable de consulter à l’avance le laboratoire de films avec lequel vous travaillerez
pour obtenir le maximum d’informations possible.
Étape 2 : Numérisez l’intégralité du film pour convertir ce dernier en séquences
d’images DPX de résolution 2K
Selon la façon dont le tournage a été mené, vous pouvez numériser à la meilleure
lumière à l’aide d’un télécinéma avec stockage sur disques durs uniquement les plans
sélectionnés ou l’intégralité du négatif de la caméra, si vous pouvez vous le permettre.
Les données source numériques au format 2K résultant de la numérisation devraient
être enregistrées sous la forme de séquences d’images DPX ou Cineon.
Pour ne pas perdre de vue la correspondance entre les images fixes originales et les
fichiers QuickTime off line que vous créerez pour le montage, procédez de la façon
suivante :
 demandez l’enregistrement dans l’en-tête de chaque image numérisée du numéro
absolu de cette image, obtenue à partir du timecode non-drop frame (qui figure
dans le nom de fichier de cette image) ;
 il peut aussi être utile d’organiser toutes les images numérisées dans des répertoires
distincts, c’est-à-dire d’enregistrer toutes les images de chaque pellicule de négatif
dans un répertoire à part (dont le nom correspondra à la pellicule en question).
Étape 3 : Convertissez les séquences d’images DPX en fichiers QuickTime à une
résolution off line
Créez des doubles des données source à une résolution off line en utilisant le format le
plus approprié à votre système de montage. Ensuite, archivez les données source originales de telle sorte que rien ne puisse leur arriver.
Lorsque vous convertissez les fichiers DPX en fichiers QuickTime à une résolution off line :
 le numéro de pellicule de chaque séquence d’images devrait être utilisé comme
numéro de bobine pour chaque fichier .mov correspondant ;
 les valeurs de timecode stockées dans l’en-tête de chaque fichier d’image devraient
être utilisées comme timecode pour chaque fichier .mov correspondant.
Vous pouvez vous servir de Color pour effectuer cette conversion à une plus basse résolution en créant un nouveau projet après avoir défini le type de fichier de rendu (Render File
Type) à QuickTime et choisi le codec que vous souhaitez utiliser pour l’exportation dans
Export Codec. Ensuite, il vous suffit de monter tous les plans que vous souhaitez convertir
dans le plan de montage, de les ajouter à la file d’attente de rendu (Render Queue), puis de
cliquer sur Start Render. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Conversion de
séquences d’images Cineon et DPX au format QuickTime » à la page 104.60 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
? Conseil : si vous pouvez convertir les données à un format comprimé haute définition,
tel que Apple ProRes 422 ou Apple ProRes 422 (HQ), vous serez en mesure de monter
les données off line de votre projet sur un équipement informatique peu coûteux tout
en conservant la possibilité, pendant le processus de montage, de générer la sortie ou
exporter le projet à une résolution suffisamment élevée permettant d’assurer la haute
qualité de la projection privée du client ou de la projection publique.
Étape 4 : Effectuez le montage off line dans Final Cut Pro
Effectuez le montage de votre projet dans Final Cut Pro en prenant soin de ne pas
modifier le timecode ou la durée des plans off line de quelque façon que ce soit.
Étape 5 : Préparez votre séquence Final Cut Pro
Pour préparer votre séquence montée pour un flux de production efficace dans Color,
suivez la procédure décrite dans la section « Avant d’exporter votre projet
Final Cut Pro » à la page 89.
Étape 6 : Exportez une liste de montage
Lorsque vous aurez terminé le montage, vous devez générer une liste de montage
au format CMX 340, CMX 3600 ou GVG 4 Plus.
Important : vous ne pouvez pas utiliser la commande Send to Color pour envoyer
des projets au format 2K à Color.
Étape 7 : Importez la liste de montage dans Color, puis rétablissez le lien aux données DPX originales
Utilisez la commande File > Import > EDL pour importer la liste de montage. Dans la
zone de dialogue Import EDL, vous spécifiez également le répertoire dans lequel se
trouvent les données source originales en haute résolution de sorte que l’importation
de la liste de montage et le rétablissement du lien aux données source se fassent en
une seule étape.
Étape 8 : Étalonnez votre programme avec Color
Étalonnez votre programme avec Color comme vous le feriez pour n’importe quel
autre projet.
Important : lors de l’étalonnage des images d’un film numérisé, il est essentiel d’utiliser systématiquement des tables de correspondance (LUT) soigneusement profilées
pour le calibrage du moniteur et d’émuler l’apparence finale qu’aura le projet une fois
tiré sur film lorsque vous faites des ajustements dans Color. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Utilisation des tables de conversion d’affichage » à la page 138.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 61
Étape 9 : Conformez les transitions, les effets et les titres
Dans le cadre d’un flux de production 2K, vous devez aussi recourir à une application
de compositing telle que Shake pour créer les transitions et les effets en couche, dont
les surimpositions, les titres et les autres images composites, en utilisant les données
de la séquence d’images au format 2K.
Important : le numéro d’image de chaque fichier image indique la position de ce dernier dans le plan de montage du programme. C’est la raison pour laquelle il est crucial
que les numéros d’images qui apparaissent dans les noms de fichiers des données nouvellement rendues soient identiques à ceux des données source originales lorsque vous
envoyez des images à une application de compositing. Il est donc nécessaire de gérer
les fichiers avec soin.
Étape 10 : Effectuez le rendu de vos données dans une application autre que Color
Une fois que vous avez terminé d’étalonner votre programme dans Color, utilisez la
file d’attente de rendu (Render Queue) pour rendre les données finales. La file d’attente
de rendu a été conçue pour vous permettre de rendre aisément votre projet de façon
progressive. Par exemple, vous avez la possibilité de rendre tous les plans d’un programme étalonnés pendant la journée au cours de la nuit suivante de sorte que vous
ne soyez pas obligé de rendre l’ensemble du projet immédiatement.
Toutefois, lorsque vous travaillez sur un projet dans lequel des séquence d’images
numérisées au format 2K sont utilisées, le rendu des données n’est que la première
étape. La sortie rendue est enregistrée dans le répertoire de rendu spécifié de manière
à faciliter la gestion et la génération d’un nouveau rendu des données pour votre projetColor, mais elle ne sera prête pour la livraison au laboratoire chargé de l’enregistrement du film qu’après la prochaine étape.
Étape 11 : Utilisez la commande Gather Rendered Media pour assembler la
séquence d’images finale destinée à la livraison
Une fois que tous les plans de votre programme ont été rendus, vous devez utiliser la
commande Gather Rendered Media command pour regrouper toutes les images qui
ont été rendues, en éliminant les poignées, en copiant toutes les images utilisées par
le programme dans un seul répertoire et en les renumérotant de façon à créer une
séquence d’images de numérotation continue. Lorsque ceci est fait, les données rendues seront prêtes à être livrées au laboratoire chargé de l’enregistrement du film.62 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
Flux de production intermédiaire numérique impliquant des données
à une résolution on line / off line obtenues à l’aide d’un télécinéma
Il existe une méthode plus traditionnelle pour effectuer le montage et la correction
des couleurs d’un projet. Elle consiste à effectuer un montage off line avec des données obtenues après un transfert des rushes à l’aide d’un télécinéma, ce qui s’avère
plus économique, puis à numériser avec un télécinéma haute définition avec stockage
sur disques durs (datacine) uniquement les plans utilisés lors du montage pour créer
les données on line.
La procédure ci-dessous décompose ce processus de façon plus explicite.
Négatif de la caméra
Exportation de la
liste d'épreuves
Télécinéma haute définition
Télécinéma
Séquence
d'images DPX
Multimédia
Ddonnées
Color
Regroupement
du multimédia
de rendu
Séquence
de sortie finale
Enregistreur de film Impression de film
Cinema Tools
Création de la
base de données
Capture
Final Cut Pro
Montage
offline
Conformation
Correction
de Color
RenduChapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 63
Étape 1 : Tournez votre film
L’idéal serait que de faire quelques essais avant la photographie principale pour voir
comment le transfert du scanneur de film à Color puis à l’enregistreur de film fonctionne avec les formats de film et les pellicules que vous avez choisis. Il est toujours
préférable de consulter à l’avance le laboratoire de films avec lequel vous travaillerez
pour obtenir le maximum d’informations possible.
Étape 2 : Numérisez les rushes à l’aide d’un télécinéma
Une fois le tournage du film terminé, passez les rushes au télécinéma pour les numériser à un format vidéo approprié pour le montage off line. Vous déciderez si ce format
vidéo destiné au montage off line doit être en haute définition ou non en fonction de
la configuration du système de montage avec lequel vous travaillerez et de la quantité
d’espace dont vous disposez sur le disque dur.
Ce qui est plus important, c’est la fréquence d’images à laquelle vous choisissez de
numériser les rushes.
 Pour éliminer toute une étape de gestion de données, il est recommandé de numériser le film avec un télécinéma directement à un format vidéo dont la fréquence
d’images est de 23,98 ips.
 Vous pouvez aussi le numériser à un format vidéo dont la fréquence d’images est
de 29,97 ips et utiliser ensuite Cinema Tools pour supprimer le 3:2 pulldown.
Pour maintenir plus facilement la correspondance entre la vidéo issue du télécinéma
et les images du film au format 2K qui seront numérisées ultérieurement, vous devriez
spécifier que vous souhaitez ce qui suit :
 le timecode enregistré sur la bande au cours de la numérisation par télécinéma à la
résolution off line doit être un timecode non-drop frame ;
 chaque pellicule de négatif devrait être numérisée sur une bobine différente. Ainsi,
les bobines spécifiées par la liste de montage correspondront aux pellicules de négatif de la caméra à partir desquelles les plans sont numérisés.64 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
Étape 3 : Utilisez Cinema Tools et Final Cut Pro pour effectuer le montage off line
Comme pour tout autre montage de film, générez une Cinema Tools base de données
à partir des fichiers FLEx fournis par la personne chargée du télécinéma, puis capturez
les données correspondantes et montez le programme.
Important : lorsque vous travaillez sur des données off line correspondant au négatif
de la caméra, ne vous servez pas du Gestionnaire de données pour renommer ou supprimer les données non utilisées de votre projet. En effet, vous n’auriez plus la possibilité de créer des listes d’épreuves précises dans Cinema Tools.
Étape 4 : Préparez votre séquence Final Cut Pro
Pour préparer votre séquence montée pour un flux de production efficace dans Color,
suivez la procédure décrite dans la section « Avant d’exporter votre projet
Final Cut Pro » à la page 89.
Étape 5 : Exportez une liste de montage destinée à Color et une liste d’épreuves
pour le télécinéma haute définition
Une fois le montage off line terminé, une liste d’épreuves est générée en vue du transfert final à une résolution 2K à l’aide d’un télécinéma haute définition, et l’intégralité
du projet est exportée sous la forme d’une liste de montage destinée à être importée
et conformée dans Color.
 La liste d’épreuves indique les plans qui ont été utilisés dans la version finale du montage (qui est généralement formée d’une partie seulement de toutes les images initialement tournées). L’idéal serait que vous exportiez une liste d’épreuves contenant
également les points d’entrée et de sortie du timecode qui correspondent à chaque
plan du projet monté. De cette façon, les données du timecode peuvent être enregistrées sur chaque image numérisée lors du transfert à l’aide du télécinéma haute définition, ce qui facilite la conformation dans Color.
 La liste de montage permet d’envoyer les données du montage à Color. Elle contient
les données du timecode qui sont nécessaires pour conformer les images des séquences numérisées dans le bon ordre.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 65
Étape 6 : Numérisez les plans sélectionnés du négatif en séquences DPX à l’aide
d’un télécinéma haute définition
À l’aide de la liste d’épreuves générée par Cinema Tools, numérisez chaque plan utilisé
dans le projet avec un télécinéma haute définition (datacine).
Lors de ce transfert à l’aide du télécinéma haute définition, spécifiez que le timecode de
chaque image du négatif doit être converti en images et utilisé pour nommer chaque
fichier DPX issu de la numérisation, et qu’il doit aussi être enregistré dans l’en-tête DPX de
chaque plan. Le nom des séquence d’images obtenues devrait avoir la forme suivante :
bobine_numéro.0632368.dpx
Chaque séquence d’images issue de la numérisation du film devrait être placée dans un
répertoire de même nom que la pellicule de négatif de la caméra à partir de laquelle
elle a été numérisée. Il est judicieux d’utiliser une répertoire distinct pour chaque pellicule de négatif caméra numérisée.
Étape 7 : Importez la liste de montage dans Color, puis rétablissez le lien aux données DPX originales
Utilisez la commande File > Import > EDL pour importer la liste de montage. Dans la
zone de dialogue Import EDL, vous spécifiez également le répertoire dans lequel se
trouvent les données source originales en haute résolution de sorte que l’importation
de la liste de montage et le rétablissement du lien aux données source se fassent en
une seule étape.
Étape 8 : Étalonnez votre programme avec Color
Étalonnez votre programme avec Color comme vous le feriez pour n’importe quel
autre projet.
Important : lors de l’étalonnage des images d’un film numérisé, il est essentiel d’utiliser systématiquement des tables de correspondance (LUT) soigneusement profilées
pour le calibrage du moniteur et d’émuler l’apparence finale qu’aura le projet une fois
tiré sur film lorsque vous faites des ajustements dans Color. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Utilisation des tables de conversion d’affichage » à la page 138.
Étape 9 : Conformez les transitions, les effets et les titres, rendez les données, puis
rassemblez les données rendues
À ce stade, le processus est le même que celui décrit dans la section « Flux de production intermédiaire numérique sans bande impliquant des doubles numériques à une
résolution on line / off line » à la page 57.66 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage
Utilisation des listes de montage, du timecode et des numé-
ros d’images pour la conformation des projets
Si vous gérez méticuleusement vos fichiers, le timecode vous permet de ne pas perdre
de vue la relation entre le négatif original de la caméra et les données numériques ou
vidéo créées par transfert en vue du montage off line.
Rétablissement du lien entre les images DPX/Cineon et une liste de
montage dans Color
Pour réussir une conformation dans Color, il est essentiel de veiller à ce que les données
du timecode qui se trouvent dans la liste de montage soient mises en miroir dans les
images DPX or Cineon numérisées avec lesquelles vous rétablissez le lien. Color tente de
rétablir le lien aux données de la séquence d’images de plusieurs façons différentes en
fonction des informations disponibles dans le fichier :
 Tout d’abord, Color recherche une valeur de timecode dans l’en-tête du fichier de
l’image DPX ou Cineon. Si cette valeur s’y trouve, vous pourrez utiliser la méthode
la plus fiable en matière de rétablissement de lien.
 Si les données d’en-tête ne contiennent aucune valeur de timecode correspondante,
Color recherche alors la valeur de timecode dans le nom du fichier et essaie également de trouver le numéro de bobine correspondant dans le répertoire où se trouve
ce fichier.
 Si ce répertoire ne contient aucun numéro de bobine, Color tente alors de rétablir
le lien de tous les plans uniquement à l’aide de leur valeur de timecode.
Analyse des listes de montage pour la conformation des projets
intermédiaires numériques
Cette section explique comment Color établit la correspondance entre les valeurs de
timecode d’une liste de montage et les numéros d’images utilisés dans l’en-tête du
timecode ou dans le nom de fichier de chaque image d’une séquence.
Voici un échantillon d’une ligne de liste de montage :
001 004 V C 04:34:53:04 04:35:03:04 00:59:30:00 00:59:40:00
Dans toutes les listes de montage, l’information est divisée en huit colonnes :
 La première colonne correspond au numéro de la coupe. Il s’agit de la première
coupe de la liste de montage, c’est pourquoi elle porte le numéro 001.
 La deuxième colonne contient le numéro de bobine, à savoir 004. C’est aussi de cette
façon que devrait être nommé le répertoire dans lequel se trouvent les fichiers de
l’image numérisée au format 2K correspondant au plan en question.
 Les deux colonnes suivantes contiennent des informations relatives au montage et
aux pistes vidéo/audio. Ces informations sont utilisées par Color par ailleurs mais ne
participent pas à la conformation des données.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de l’étalonnage 67
Les quatre dernières colonnes correspondent au timecode et sont formées par des
paires de points d’entrée et de sortie.
 La première paire de valeurs de timecode correspond aux points d’entrée et de sortie des données source originales (dans le cas d’un montage on line ordinaire, il s’agit
généralement de la bande issue du télécinéma). Dans un flux de production intermé-
diaire numérique, ces valeurs de timecode sont utilisées pour nommer et identifier
les images numérisées résultant du télécinéma haute définition.
 La deuxième paire de points d’entrée et de sortie indique la position du plan dans le
programme monté. Ces valeurs de timecode sont utilisées pour insérer les données à
l’endroit adéquat dans le plan de montage.
Attribution de noms de fichiers aux séquences d’images pour la conformation des projets intermédiaires numériques
Voici un exemple de ce que pourrait être le nom du premier fichier de séquence
d’image correspondant à la coupe de la liste de montage indiquée plus haut :
nom_de_fichier.0494794.dpx
La première partie du nom de fichier de chaque image numérisée (c’est-à-dire les caractères correspondant aux lettres de l’alphabet) est ignorée, mais l’extension numérique
qui spécifie le numéro d’image du fichier doit être égale à la conversion du timecode
(non-dropframe) qui figure dans la liste de montage en numéro d’image absolu.
Par exemple, une image dont le timecode non-drop NTSC est 05:51:18:28 serait munie
de l’extension numérique 632368. Les extensions numériques devraient toujours être
complétées de sorte qu’elles soient composées de sept chiffres ; dans l’exemple donné,
un 0 serait donc ajouté au début, comme suit :
nom_de_fichier.0632368.dpx
Seules l’extension numérique et l’extension .dpx ou .cin sont absolument nécessaires étant
donné que les caractères alphabétiques situés au début du nom du fichier sont ignorés
par Color. Le nom de fichier ci-dessus pourrait, par exemple, aussi bien être le suivant :
0632368.dpx
Vous pouvez aussi vous servir de la première partie du nom du fichier pour spécifier
le numéro de la bobine à partir de laquelle le fichier de l’image a été créé :
bobine_004.0632368.dpx3
69
3 Utilisation de l’interface Color
Dans Color, vous avez le choix de travailler dans l’interface
à l’écran à l’aide de votre souris ou d’utiliser une surface de
contrôle dédiée plus directe, conçue pour les travaux professionnels d’étalonnage colorimétrique.
Ce chapitre traite des conventions générales reprises dans l’interface Color. Il décrit
l’utilisation des commandes partagées par plusieurs zones de l’interface, ainsi que
les commandes spécialisées propres aux applications d’étalonnage.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Configuration d’une surface de contrôle (p. 70)
 Utilisation des contrôles d’écran (p. 70)
 Navigateurs et chutiers pour organiser les fichiers (p. 75)
 Utilisation de Color avec un ou deux écrans (p. 82)70 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de l’interface Color
Configuration d’une surface de contrôle
Dès l’origine, Color a été développé pour prendre en charge les surfaces de contrôle
tout spécialement dédiées à l’étalonnage et commercialisées par des fabricants tels que
Tangent et JL Cooper Designs. En règle générale, ces surfaces de contrôle comportent
trois trackballs (ou « boules de commande ») qui correspondent aux trois zones tonales
en chevauchement des commandes de balance des couleurs primaires et secondaires
(ombres, tons intermédiaires et hautes lumières), trois commandes rotatives (ou « roues »,
ou « couronnes ») pour les trois commandes de contraste (niveau de noir, gamma et
point blanc), ainsi qu’un certain nombre de commandes rotatives et de boutons pour
diverses fonctions complémentaires dépendant du studio que vous avez sélectionné.
Vous pouvez choisir la surface de contrôle à utiliser lors du démarrage de Color ou cliquez sur « Show Control Surface Dialog » dans l’onglet User Prefs du studio Setup pour
choisir à tout moment l’une des surfaces de contrôle disponibles. Pour en savoir plus
sur la configuration d’une surface de contrôle, consultez l’annexe C, « Configuration
d’une surface de contrôle ». Pour en savoir plus sur la configuration d’une surface de
contrôle depuis Color, consultez le paragraphe « Réglages de la surface de contrôle » à
la page 122.
Utilisation des contrôles d’écran
Même si vous ne disposez d’aucune surface de contrôle, vous pouvez utiliser toutes
les fonctions de Color grâce aux contrôles d’écran. Hormis les boutons, cases à cocher
et menus locaux habituels communs à la majorité des applications, Color affiche certaines commandes personnalisées décrites dans cette section.
F1 F2 F3
F4 F5 F6
F7 F8 F9
MEM
ALT
GRACE DELETE
MARK IN OUT
CUE
DO UNDO
MORE
REDO 7
4
1
00 0
2 3 -
5 6 +
8 9
PREV NEXT
MODE
CLEAR
R3 B3
B2
R1 B1
R2
PAGE 5
PAGE 6
PAGE 8
PAGE 7
PAGE 1
PAGE 2
PAGE 4
PAGE 3
F1
M1
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
JOG SHUTTLE
M2 M3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BANK 1
BANK 2
HOURS MINUTES SECONDS FRAMES
BANK 4
BANK 4
PAGE
ASSIGN
UTILITY
M4 M5
TIME CODE DISPLAY
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8Chapitre 3 Utilisation de l’interface Color 71
Utilisation de la souris
Color prend en charge les souris à trois boutons qui vous permettent d’accéder rapidement aux menus contextuels et aux divers raccourcis de navigation. Color autorise également l’utilisation de la molette ou la de boule centrale de défilement des souris à
trois boutons pour défiler ou comme s’il s’agissait d’un bouton.
Accélération des commandes grâce à la touche Option
Il est possible de multiplier par 10 la vitesse normale de nombreuses commandes
en maintenant enfoncée la touche Option alors que vous faites glisser le pointeur.
Onglets
Les onglets servent à naviguer entre les huit différents « studios » de Color. Chacun de
ces studios correspond à une partie distincte de l’interface, contenant toutes les commandes nécessaires à l’exécution d’une tâche spécifique. Si vous changez de studio,
vous modifiez l’interface affichée, les raccourcis clavier disponibles et le mappage des
commandes des surfaces de contrôle.
Qui plus est, certains studios comportent d’autres fonctions affichées lorsque vous utilisez des ensembles d’onglets supplémentaires disponibles.
Champs de texte et curseurs virtuels
Dans Color, les champs modifiables peuvent contenir quatre types de données :
 Timecode
 Texte (noms de fichiers, chemins, etc.)
 Nombres entiers (les champs affichant des nombres entiers ne prennent pas
en charge les valeurs décimales ni les fractions)
 Pourcentages et fractions (0,25 ou 1/873, par exemple)
Vous disposez de trois méthodes pour modifier les champs de texte.
Bouton de la souris Référence dans cette documentation
Bouton gauche de la souris Clic
Bouton central de la souris Clic avec le bouton central de la souris
Bouton droit de la souris Clic avec le bouton droit de la souris (identique au clic tout en
maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée dans le cas d’une souris
à un seul bouton)72 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de l’interface Color
Pour saisir du texte dans un champ à l’aide du clavier :
1 Cliquez dans le champ de texte que vous souhaitez modifier.
Le texte présent dans ce champ apparaît alors en surbrillance.
2 Saisissez un nouveau texte.
3 Appuyez sur la touche retour pour confirmer votre modification.
Pour modifier la valeur numérique ou le pourcentage affiché par un champ à l’aide
d’un curseur virtuel :
1 Placez le pointeur sur le champ que vous souhaitez modifier.
2 Cliquez avec le bouton central de la souris, puis faites glisser le pointeur vers la gauche
pour diminuer la valeur ou vers la droite pour l’augmenter.
3 Relâchez le bouton de la souris lorsque vous avez terminé votre réglage.
Pour modifier la valeur numérique ou le pourcentage affiché par un champ à l’aide
de la molette de défilement :
1 Placez le pointeur sur le champ que vous souhaitez modifier.
2 Sans cliquer dans le champ, faites tourner la molette ou la boule de défilement vers
le haut pour augmenter la valeur ou vers le bas pour la diminuer.
Pour modifier un champ à l’aide d’un menu contextuel :
m Cliquez sur n’importe quel champ tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée
ou avec le bouton droit de la souris, puis choisissez l’une des options suivantes dans
le menu contextuel qui apparaît :
 Reset : réinitialise le champ correspondant.
 Min : choisit la valeur minimale disponible pour ce champ.
 Max : choisit la valeur maximale disponible pour ce champ.
 Set as Default : règle ce paramètre à sa valeur par défaut.
Champs de timecode
Les champs de timecode affichent des informations sur la synchronisation, tels que
les points d’entrée et de sortie des médias et la position de la tête de lecture. Dans
Color, les valeurs temporelles peuvent prendre deux formats :
 Au sein de ces champs, la plupart des valeurs temporelles sont représentées par
un timecode SMPTE standard. Ce type de timecode correspond à une série de quatre paires de chiffres séparées par deux-points : hh:mm:ss:ii, où hh exprime les heures, mm les minutes, ss les seconds et ii les images.
 Les valeurs temporelles présentes dans la Timeline Ruler peuvent être affichées sous
forme de timecodes Non-Drop Frame, Drop Frame ou Frames.
Remarque : dans un timecode Drop-Frame timecode, les secondes et les images sont
séparées par un point-virgule.Chapitre 3 Utilisation de l’interface Color 73
Navigation à l’aide des timecodes
Voici quelques indications pour saisir des valeurs dans les positions réservées aux
heures, minutes, secondes et images des champs de timecode :
 Les valeurs temporelles sont saisies de gauche à droite (comme pour programmer
une durée sur un micro-ondes). Toutefois, la dernière valeur saisie est considérée
comme étant le dernier chiffre de la position réservée aux images.
 Appuyez sur la touche Retour afin de confirmer la valeur que vous venez de saisir
pour un timecode.
 Si vous entrez un nombre incomplet, la paire de chiffres la plus à droite est interprétée
comme correspondant aux images. En partant de ce principe, chaque paire de chiffres
la précédant (plus à gauche) sert à remplir les positions des secondes, des minutes,
puis des heures. Les paires de chiffres omises sont remplacées d’office par 00.
Par exemple, si vous saisissez 1419, Final Cut Pro interprète cette valeur comme
00:00:14:19.
 Lorsque vous entrez un timecode dans un champ, vous n’êtes pas obligé de les séparateurs (comme les deux-points). En effet, ils sont automatiquement ajoutés entre
chaque paire de chiffres.
 Vous pouvez également entrer un point pour représenter deux zéros lors de la saisie
de durées importantes.
Par exemple, saisissez « 3. » (le chiffre 3 suivi d’un point) pour entrer le timecode
00:00:03:00. Color interprète automatiquement le point comme la valeur 00.
 Pour entrer 00:03:00:00, saisissez « 3.. » (le chiffre 3 suivi de deux points).
Ces points provoquent l’insertion de deux zéros dans les positions réservées aux
secondes et aux images.
 Saisissez « 3... » pour entrer 03:00:00:00.
 Utilisez le signe plus (+) pour entrer une série de valeurs à un seul chiffre dans
chaque position temporelle.
Par exemple, saisissez « 1+5+8 » pour entrer le timecode 00:01:05:08.74 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de l’interface Color
Commandes de couleur
Les commandes de couleur sont utilisées dans plusieurs studios de Color, afin de
vous permettre de sélectionner et de modifier des couleurs grâce au modèle HSL.
 Si vous faites glisser le pointeur dans la roue principale des couleurs, vous réglez
simultanément la teinte et la saturation de la couleur sélectionnée.
La croix affichée sur la roue des couleurs indique la valeur de couleur en cours de sélection.
Les autres commandes dépendent du type de commande de couleur actuellement affiché.
 Faites glisser le curseur multicolore Hue vers le haut ou le bas pour ajuster la teinte.
 Faites glisser le curseur unicolore Saturation vers le haut ou le bas pour respectivement
augmenter ou diminuer la saturation de la teinte actuelle.
 Faites glisser le curseur unicolore Brightness vers le haut ou le bas pour respectivement
augmenter ou diminuer la luminosité de la couleur actuelle.
Personnalisation des commandes de couleur
Vous avez la possibilité de personnaliser l’angle selon lequel les couleurs apparaissent
dans la roue affichée par les commandes de couleur, de telle sorte qu’il corresponde
à l’interface d’autres systèmes d’étalonnage utilisés. Vous pouvez également régler
la vitesse à laquelle les manettes de la surface de contrôle ajustent les commandes
de couleur correspondantes dans Color. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section
« Réglages de la surface de contrôle » à la page 122.Chapitre 3 Utilisation de l’interface Color 75
Navigateurs et chutiers pour organiser les fichiers
Color met à votre disposition plusieurs navigateurs et chutiers pour organiser vos plans,
médias et jeux d’étalonnage partageant des commandes communes. Tous ces navigateurs et chutiers servent à gérer les fichiers sur votre disque dur, plutôt que les données
stockées au sein d’un fichier de projet Color proprement dit. Par conséquent, utilisez
leurs commandes pour parcourir et organiser la structure des répertoires sur votre disque dur, comme vous le feriez dans le Finder.
Le navigateur de fichiers
Occupant la moitié gauche du studio Setup, ce navigateur vous permet de naviguer
au sein de la structure des répertoires sur les disques durs de votre ordinateur (et par
extension, sur tout volume RAID, DAS et SAN actuellement monté), afin de rechercher
et importer des fichiers de données QuickTime et d’image compatibles.
Il est important de vous rappeler que le navigateur de fichiers n’est en aucun cas un
chutier de projets. Les fichiers qu’il affiche ne sont pas associés à votre projet Color,
sauf si vous les faites glisser manuellement dans la Timeline ou que vous reliez des
plans d’un projet importé aux fichiers de données associés sur le disque par le biais
des commandes Relink Media ou Reconnect Media.
Remarque : le navigateur de fichiers affiche uniquement les répertoires et les fichiers
de données compatibles avec Color.
Lorsque vous sélectionnez un fichier de données dans ce navigateur, un panneau apparaît
à droite pour afficher la première image de ce fichier ainsi que les informations suivantes :
 Shot Name : le nom du fichier
 Duration : sa durée totale
 Codec : le codec utilisé pour encoder le fichier
 Resolution : la taille d’image du fichier, exprimée selon sa largeur fois sa hauteur
 Frame Rate : la fréquence d’images du fichier
 Timecode : la valeur du timecode correspondant à la première image du fichier
Situé en bas de ce panneau, un bouton Importer vous permet de modifier le plan
actuellement sélectionné dans la Timeline au niveau de la position en cours de la
tête de lecture.
Réduction du navigateur de fichiers
Si vous le souhaitez, vous pouvez réduire le navigateur de fichiers, afin que la zone
des onglets située à droite occupe toute la fenêtre de Color.76 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de l’interface Color
Pour masquer le navigateur de fichiers :
m Placez le pointeur sur le diviseur situé à l’extrême droite du navigateur de fichiers. Une
fois qu’il apparaît en surbrillance bleue, cliquez dessus une fois pour réduire le navigateur.
Pour développer le navigateur de fichiers :
m Placez le pointeur sur le diviseur situé à l’extrême gauche de la fenêtre du navigateur
de fichiers. Une fois qu’il apparaît en surbrillance bleue, cliquez dessus une fois pour
développer le navigateur.
Pour en savoir plus sur le studio Setup, consultez le chapitre 5, « Setup
(Configuration) », à la page 107.
Le navigateur de plans
Le deuxième navigateur disponible dans le studio Setup est accessible via l’onglet
Shots. Ce navigateur vous affiche tous les plans utilisés dans le projet en cours sous
forme de liste ou d’icônes.
La présentation sous forme d’icônes vous permet de créer des groupes de plans que
vous pouvez utiliser pour copier et coller des jeux d’étalonnage dans plusieurs plans
à la fois. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Gestion des jeux d’étalonnage dans
le navigateur de plans » à la page 313.Chapitre 3 Utilisation de l’interface Color 77
Quant à la présentation sous forme de liste, elle vous permet de trier tous les plans sur
la base de divers champs d’information. Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation du navigateur de plans, consultez « Le navigateur de plans » à la page 109.
Chutier de jeux d’étalonnage
Situé dans le studio Setup, le chutier de jeux d’étalonnages, vous permet d’enregistrer
et d’organiser des jeux d’étalonnage regroupant des corrections primaires, secondaires
et Color FX en une seule unité.
Vous pouvez utiliser ce chutier pour appliquer des jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés à d’autres
plans dans la Timeline. Le contenu du chutier de jeux d’étalonnages est disponible à partir
de tous les projets Color ouverts alors que vous êtes connecté sous un compte utilisateur
particulier. Pour en savoir plus sur l’enregistrement et l’application des jeux d’étalonnages,
consultez la section « Enregistrement de jeux d’étalonnage dans le chutier des jeux » à
la page 302.
Chutiers de corrections
Les studios Primary, Secondaries et Color FX vous permettent d’enregistrer les corrections effectuées dans leur environnement respectif sous forme de préréglages individuels que vous pouvez par la suite appliquer à des plans. Le contenu des chutiers de
corrections est disponible à partir de tous les projets Color ouverts alors que vous êtes
connecté sous un compte utilisateur particulier.
 Primary In et Out : ces deux studios vous permettent d’enregistrer et d’organiser les
corrections primaires. Elles partagent le même groupe de corrections enregistrées.
 Secondaries : ce studio vous permet d’enregistrer et d’organiser les corrections
secondaires
 Color FX : ce studio vous permet d’enregistrer et d’organiser les corrections Color FX.78 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de l’interface Color
Still Store
Bien que le Still Store ne soit pas un chutier de jeux d’étalonnage ou de corrections,
il est géré exactement de la même façon. Ce studio est en fait un très grand chutier
conçu pour conserver les images fixes d’une multitude de plans, afin de les comparer avec d’autres plans de votre programme. Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation du
Still Store, reportez-vous au chapitre 16, « Magasin d’images fixes (Still Store) », à la
page 355.
Commandes disponibles dans les navigateurs et les chutiers de jeux
d’étalonnage et de corrections
Tous les navigateurs et les chutiers mettent à votre disposition les commandes suivantes :
Commandes d’affichage
Tous les navigateurs et les chutiers disposent de commandes d’affichage qui vous permettent de choisir la présentation et l’organisation de leur contenu.
 Bouton List View : affiche le contenu du répertoire en cours sous la forme d’une liste
de noms de fichiers.
 Bouton Icon View : affiche le contenu du répertoire en cours sous la forme d’icônes.
 Curseur Icon Size : ce curseur n’apparaît que dans la présentation sous forme d’icônes.
Il permet de définir la taille des icônes.
Comparaison entre les jeux d’étalonnage et les corrections
Il existe une distinction entre les jeux d’étalonnage et les corrections dans Color.
Les corrections font référence aux modifications apportées au sein d’un seul studio.
Vous avez la possibilité d’enregistrer des corrections individuelles au sein des studios
Primary, Secondaries ou Color FX, puis de les appliquer séparément à des plans.
Un jeu d’étalonnage peut réunir plusieurs corrections au sein de divers studios. Il s’agit
de l’enregistrement groupé d’une ou plusieurs corrections primaires, secondaires et
Color FX. Si vous enregistrez un groupe de corrections sous forme de jeu d’étalonnage,
vous pouvez les appliquer d’un seul coup comme s’il s’agissait d’un seul préréglage.Chapitre 3 Utilisation de l’interface Color 79
Commandes de navigation au sein des répertoires
Le navigateur de fichiers ainsi que les chutiers de jeux d’étalonnage et de corrections
comportent également des commandes de navigation qui vous permettent d’organiser
et de parcourir les jeux d’étalonnages et les corrections enregistrés sur votre disque dur.
 Go Up : déplace la sélection et affiche le contenu du répertoire parent.
 Go Home : accède au répertoire de départ de ce navigateur ou de ce chutier. Il ne s’agit
pas de votre répertoire de départ d’utilisateur Mac OS X :
 Navigateur de fichiers : le bouton Home vous permet d’accéder directement au répertoire de données actuellement sélectionné pour Color.
 Primary, Secondaries, Color FX et Primary Out : le bouton Home vous permet d’accé-
der directement au répertoire /Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application Support/Color. Chaque studio dispose de son propre sous-répertoire qui
contient toutes les corrections enregistrées pour un usage ultérieur.
 Still Store : le bouton Home vous permet d’accéder directement au répertoire StillStore
dans la structure de répertoires du projet en cours.
Commandes relatives aux fichiers
La partie inférieure du navigateur de fichiers ainsi que des chutiers de jeux d’étalonnages et de corrections comporte des commandes de création et d’accès aux répertoires.
 Champ File : affiche le chemin d’accès du répertoire actuellement affiché.
 Menu local Directory : offre une méthode rapide pour naviguer vers le haut ou le bas
de l’arborescence de répertoires actuellement affichée ou pour accéder directement
au répertoire Color par défaut du studio concerné.
 Bouton New Directory : vous permet de créer un nouveau répertoire dans le chemin
actuellement indiqué. Vous pouvez créer autant de répertoires que vous le souhaitez
pour organiser les jeux d’étalonnages et les corrections d’un studio.
 Bouton Save : enregistre les réglages du jeu d’étalonnage ou de la correction appliqué au plan au niveau de la position actuelle de la tête de lecture dans le répertoire
indiqué dans les champs de texte affichés au-dessus.
 Bouton Load : applique le jeu d’étalonnage ou la correction sélectionné au plan situé
au niveau de la position actuelle de la têtes de lecture (si aucun autre plan n’est sélectionné) ou à plusieurs plans (en ignorant dans ce cas le plan au niveau de la tête de
lecture s’il n’est pas sélectionné). Comme dans tous les chutiers de Color, vous pouvez faire glisser les éléments affichés dans ce chutier et les déposer dans la Timeline.80 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de l’interface Color
Méthode d’enregistrement des jeux d’étalonnage et des corrections
Lorsque vous enregistrez des jeux d’étalonnage et des corrections via les chutiers correspondants dans Color, ils sont stockés dans le répertoire des préférences de Color, dans
votre répertoire /Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application Support/Color.
Les jeux d’étalonnage et corrections enregistrés dans ces chutiers sont disponibles
dans tous les projets que vous ouvrez.
Les corrections individuelles stockées dans les répertoires mentionnés ci-dessus sont sauvegardées sous la forme de deux fichiers : un fichier .lsi qui contient une vignette permettant
d’identifier visuellement le jeu d’étalonnage et un fichier spécifique au type de correction
qui définit ses réglages. Sauf modifications personnelles, ces deux fichiers portent le même
nom, suivi d’un point, puis de la date (jour mois année heure.minute.secondeFuseauHoraire) et d’une extension qui permet d’identifier le type de correction qu’ils contiennent.
 Nom_étalonnage.date.lsi : vignette utilisée pour symboliser cet étalonnage dans
la présentation sous forme d’icônes
 Nom_Jeu_étalonnage.date.pcc : fichier de correction primaire
 Nom_étalonnage.date.scc : fichier de correction secondaire
 Nom_Jeu_étalonnage.date.cfx : fichier de correction Color FX
En réalité, un jeu d’étalonnage enregistré correspond à un groupe de fichiers qui contient tous les fichiers de correction constituant ce jeu d’étalonnage. Par exemple, un jeu
d’étalonnage combinant des corrections primaires, secondaires et Color FX correspond
à un répertoire portant le nom du jeu d’étalonnage, « Nom_Jeu_étalonnage.date.grd »,
et contenant les fichiers suivants :
 Nom_Jeu_étalonnage.date.lsi
 Nom_Jeu_étalonnage.date.pcc
 Nom_Jeu_étalonnage.date.scc
 Nom_Jeu_étalonnage.date.cfx
Catégorie de corrections
enregistrées Emplacement sur le disque
Jeux d’étalonnages /Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application Support/
Color/Grades/
Corrections primaires /Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliotèque/Application Support/
Color/Primary/
Corrections secondaires /Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application Support/
Color/Secondary/
Corrections Color FX /Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application Support/
Color/Effects/Chapitre 3 Utilisation de l’interface Color 81
Réorganisation des corrections et jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés dans
le Finder
Chaque chutier de corrections de Color est simplement le miroir du contenu du sous-répertoire correspondant, dans le répertoire /Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application Support/Color. Vous pouvez passer par le Finder pour réorganiser vos corrections et
jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés, en créant de nouveaux sous-répertoires et en les y plaçant.
Lorsque vous déplacez un jeu d’étalonnage enregistré d’un répertoire à un autre, il est
important de veiller à copier sa vignette .lsi et son fichier .pcc, .scc ou .cfx (qui contient
les informations réelles de ce jeu d’étalonnage).
Si vous réorganisez des jeux d’étalonnage et des corrections enregistrés dans le Finder
alors que Color est ouvert, vous devez actualiser manuellement le contenu des chutiers
de jeux d’étalonnage et de corrections que vous avez modifiés, afin qu’ils affichent correctement leur contenu actuel.
Pour mettre à jour le contenu du chutier de corrections actuellement affiché :
m Cliquez sur le bouton Home.
Le contenu du chutier de corrections est mis à jour pour refléter l’état actuel du Finder.
Déplacement de corrections et de jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés vers
d’autres ordinateurs
Si vous disposez de corrections et de jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés que vous souhaitez
déplacer vers des installations de Color situées sur d’autres ordinateurs, il vous suffit
de copier les dossiers décrits à la page 80 sur un support de stockage mobile, puis de
copier leur contenu dans les dossiers correspondants sur les nouveaux systèmes. À la
prochaine ouverture de Color, les corrections et jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés apparaissent comme à l’accoutumée.82 Chapitre 3 Utilisation de l’interface Color
Utilisation de Color avec un ou deux écrans
Vous avez la possibilité d’utiliser Color dans des configurations avec un seul ou deux
écrans. La majorité des utilisateurs optent pour le mode double affichage de Color
en recourant à deux écrans, car ce mode permet de bénéficier d’une surface utile plus
importante, de prévisualisations offrant une plus grande flexibilité et des instruments
vidéo affichés par la fenêtre Scopes sur le deuxième écran.
Vous pouvez toutefois opter pour le mode d’affichage simple de Color et exploiter toutes
les fonctionnalités Color alors que vous ne disposez pas de deuxième écran. Ce mode est
recommandé uniquement dans les cas où vous disposez d’un écran Cinéma de 30 pouces.
Remarque : Color exige une résolution minimale de 1 680 x 1 050 aussi bien en mode
double affichage que simple.
Pour passer du mode d’affichage simple au mode double affichage (et inversement),
effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Cliquez sur Window > Single Display Mode ou Dual Display Mode.
m Appuyez simultanément sur Maj + 0 pour basculer d’un mode à l’autre.
Vous devez quitter Color et le relancer pour que cette modification entre en vigueur.4
83
4 Importation et gestion de projets
et de données
Color vous propose des outils puissants pour la gestion
des projets et des données lors de votre travail.
Comme il est indiqué dans le chapitre 2, « Flux de production de l’étalonnage », à la
page 39, il existe trois méthodes principales pour importer un projet et ses données.
Vous pouvez soit importer (ou envoyer) les données d’un projet XML depuis Final Cut Pro,
soit importer une liste de points de montage (EDL, Edit Decision List) et reconnecter ses
données, soit insérer manuellement les données elles-mêmes directement dans le plan
de montage chronologique (Timeline).
Ce chapitre décrit les commandes et les méthodes qui permettent de créer et à d’enregistrer des projets, d’importer un projet et ses données depuis d’autres applications et
de gérer un projet dans Color.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Création et ouverture de projets (p. 84)
 Enregistrement de projets et d’archives (p. 85)
 Transfert de projets entre Final Cut Pro et Color (p. 89)
 Reconformation de projets (p. 94)
 Importation de listes de montage (EDL) (p. 95)
 Exportation de listes EDL (p. 97)
 Rétablissement du lien avec les données QuickTime (p. 98)
 Importation de données directement dans le plan de montage (p. 99)
 Formats de données compatibles (p. 99)
 Conversion de séquences d’images Cineon et DPX au format QuickTime (p. 104)
 Importation des corrections de couleurs (p. 105)
 Exportation d’images JPEG (p. 106)84 Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données
Création et ouverture de projets
Lorsque vous exécutez Color pour la première fois, une zone de dialogue apparaît pour
vous permettre d’ouvrir un projet existant ou d’en créer un nouveau.
Pour créer un nouveau projet la première fois que vous ouvrez Color :
1 Ouvrez Color.
2 Lorsque la fenêtre Projects s’ouvre, choisissez un emplacement pour le projet en question.
Lorsqu’elle s’ouvre, la zone de dialogue Create Project indique par défaut le répertoire
par défaut des projets (Default Project Directory) que vous avez sélectionné la première
fois que vous avez exécuté Color.
3 Saisissez un nom pour le projet dans le champ File, puis cliquez sur Save.
Un nouveau projet est créé dans le répertoire que vous avez choisi et il s’ouvre
automatiquement.
Pour créer un nouveau projet à un moment autre que lors de l’ouverture de Color :
1 Au besoin, enregistrez le projet actuel.
En effet, il n’est pas possible d’avoir plusieurs projets ouverts en même temps dans
Color, si bien que la création d’un nouveau projet entraînera la fermeture de celui
qui est ouvert.
2 Choisissez File > New (Commande + N).
3 Dans la zone de dialogue Create Project, choisissez un nom et un emplacement pour
le projet, puis cliquez sur Save.
Un projet vierge prêt à l’emploi s’affiche.
Pour ouvrir un projet existant, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Dans le Finder, double-cliquez sur un fichier de projet Color.
m Choisissez File > Open (Commande + O), sélectionnez un projet dans la fenêtre
Projects, puis cliquez sur Open.
Il n’est pas possible d’avoir plusieurs projets ouverts en même temps dans Color.
En conséquence, l’ouverture d’un deuxième projet entraîne la fermeture de celui
qui se trouve déjà ouvert.Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données 85
Enregistrement de projets et d’archives
Le processus fondamental d’enregistrement de fichiers a été divisé en deux tâches :
enregistrement des mises à jour dans le fichier de projet même et enregistrement
des archives de ce dernier.
L’enregistrement d’un projet s’effectue de la même façon dans Color que dans toute
autre application que vous avez pu utiliser auparavant. Et comme dans toute autre
application, vous devriez enregistrer presque dès le début et fréquemment au cours
de votre travail.
Pour enregistrer un projet :
m Choisissez File > Save (Commande + S).
Remarque : chaque fois que vous enregistrez un projet manuellement, une archive est
également automatiquement enregistrée avec un nom de fichier formé par l’heure et la
date de sa création.
Pour rétablir le projet à son dernier état enregistré :
m Choisissez File > Revert (Commande + R).
Enregistrement et ouverture d’archives
Une archive est un double comprimé du projet qui est stocké à l’intérieur même du
paquet du projet. À des fins d’efficacité, le fichier d’archives est dénué de la vignette
et des fichiers image du magasin d’images fixes (Still Store) dont dispose la version
complète du projet, et seuls sont enregistrés l’état du fichier de projet interne, le plan
de montage (Timeline), les réglages de plans, les jeux d’étalonnage, les corrections,
les images clés et les réglages du Pan and Scan, qui sont faciles à comprimer et qui
n’occupent que peu d’espace.
Chaque fois que vous enregistrez votre projet manuellement, une archive est automatiquement créée, à laquelle un nom composé de l’heure et de la date de l’enregistrement
est attribué. Si vous souhaitez enregistrer une archive de votre projet lorsque celui-ci se
trouve dans un état particulier et lui attribuer un nom qui permettra de l’identifier plus
facilement, vous pouvez utiliser la commande Save Archive As.86 Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données
Pour enregistrer une archive du projet en lui attribuant un nom particulier :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Choisissez File > Save Archive As.
 Appuyez sur Commande + Option + S.
2 Saisissez un nom dans le champ Archive Name, puis cliquez sur Archive.
Le nombre d’archives que vous pouvez enregistrer est illimité, de sorte que la liste
d’archives peut devenir assez longue. Les archives sont comprimées à la fois à l’aide de
la compression .tar et de la compression .gzip (le résultat étant une archive de distribution appelée « tarball » en anglais, littéralement « boule de goudron ») afin de n’occuper que peu d’espace. Tous les fichiers d’archives d’un projet particulier sont enregistrés
dans le sous-répertoire Archives à l’intérieur du paquet de ce projet.
Si, par la suite, un problème quelconque survenait en ce qui concerne les réglages de
votre fichier de projet ou si vous souhaitez revenir à l’état du projet tel qu’il a été archivé
à un moment antérieur, vous avez la possibilité de charger l’un des fichiers d’archives.
Pour ouvrir une archive :
1 Choisissez File > Load Archive (Commande + Option + O).
2 Dans la fenêtre Load Archive, sélectionnez une archive à ouvrir, puis cliquez sur
Load Archive.
L’ouverture d’une archive provoque l’écrasement de l’état actuel du projet qui sera
remplacé par celui de l’archive chargée.
Enregistrement automatique
Lorsqu’il est activé, le mécanisme d’enregistrement automatique de Color a pour effet
d’enregistrer le projet actuel selon une fréquence dont l’intervalle est défini par le paramètre Auto Save Time (Minutes) dans l’onglet User Prefs du studio Setup. Lorsqu’un projet est automatiquement enregistré, aucune archive n’est créée afin d’éviter que votre
liste d’archives ne comporte un nombre excessif d’entrées. Par défaut, l’enregistrement
automatique est activé et l’intervalle est défini à 5 minutes.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Réglages d’enregistrement automatique » à la
page 131.Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données 87
Qu’est-ce qu’un projet Color ?
Les seuls plans qui se trouvent dans votre projet sont ceux qui figurent dans le plan de
montage (et qui apparaissent également dans le navigateur de plans). Les projetsColor
ne contiennent qu’une seule séquence de plans. En outre, les projets Color, d’un point
de vue de l’organisation, ne tiennent absolument pas compte des plans qui ne se trouvent pas dans le plan de montage. Par conséquent, ils ne contiennent pas de données
non utilisées.88 Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données
Contenu des projets Color
Les projets Color sont en fait des paquets. À l’intérieur de chaque paquet de projet
Color se trouve une série hiérarchique de répertoires qui contiennent chacun des
composants particuliers appartenant à ce projet, à savoir des fichiers XML ou des
fichiers image. Il est possible d’ouvrir un paquet Color à l’aide de la commande
Show Package Contents du Finder. Cette section présente la structure de répertoire
et le contenu de ces paquets dans leurs grandes lignes.
 Répertoire Archives : ce répertoire contient toutes les archives enregistrées du projet
concerné. Chaque archive est comprimée à la fois à l’aide de la compression .tar et
de la compression .gzip (le résultat étant une archive de distribution appelée « tarball »
en anglais, littéralement « boule de goudron ») et est identifiée par l’extension .tgz.
 Fichier .Isi : il s’agit d’un fichier image qui contient l’image sur laquelle se trouvait
la tête de lecture la dernière fois que vous avez enregistré le projet.
 Fichier .pdl : il s’agit du fichier de projet XML qui contient toutes les informations
organisant les plans, le contrôle du temps et les jeux d’étalonnage utilisés pour
le projet concerné.
 Répertoire Shots : à chaque plan qui se trouve dans le plan de montage de votre
projet correspond un sous-répertoire à l’intérieur de ce répertoire. Chaque sousrépertoire contient un ou plusieurs des éléments suivants :
 Sous-répertoires Grade1 (à 4) : ces répertoires contiennent tous les fichiers de
corrections associés au jeu en question.
 Fichier NomDuPlan.lsi : ce fichier correspond à la vignette du plan affiché dans
plan de montage.
 Fichier NomDuPlan.si : ce fichier contient le nom du plan, le chemin d’accès aux
données et les informations relatives au contrôle du temps.
 Nom_Jeu_étalonnage.date.pcc : description des corrections primaires.
 Nom_étalonnage.date.scc : description des corrections secondaires.
 Nom_Jeu_étalonnage.date.cfx : description des corrections relatives aux effets
de couleur.
 Sous-répertoire PanAndScan : ce répertoire contient un fichier .kfd dans lequel
sont stockées les données des images clés et un fichier .pns dans lequel se trouvent les données relatives au Pan and Scan.
 Fichier shot_notes.txt : s’il existe une note pour le plan concerné, elle est enregistrée dans ce fichier.
 Répertoire StillStore : ce répertoire contient toutes les images du magasin d’images
fixes (Still Store) que vous avez enregistrées à l’intérieur du projet en question en
tant que références. À chaque référence correspondent deux fichiers, un fichier .lsi
qui constitue la vignette de l’image et un fichier .sri qui est l’image en pleine résolution (enregistrée au format d’image DPX).
Important : il n’est pas recommandé de modifier le contenu des fichiers de projet
Color à moins que vous ne sachiez exactement ce que vous faites. Les modifications
manuelles pourraient donner lieu à des problèmes inattendus.Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données 89
Transfert de projets entre Final Cut Pro et Color
L’une des méthodes les plus simples pour importer un projet consiste à envoyer
une séquence Final Cut Pro à Color en utilisant l’un des deux flux de production
XML. Cette section explique comment préparer vos projets dans Final Cut Pro et
comment les envoyer au format XML.
Pour obtenir des informations plus générales sur les flux de production en boucle de
Final Cut Pro à Color, reportez-vous à la section « Flux de production pour la finalisation de la vidéo à l’aide de Final Cut Pro » à la page 44.
Avant d’exporter votre projet Final Cut Pro
Que vous travailliez sur votre propre projet ou que vous prépariez le projet d’un client
pour une séance d’étalonnage Color, vous devriez consacrer un certain temps à la pré-
paration de la séquence Final Cut Pro que vous allez envoyer pour garantir des résultats
optimaux et le meilleur déroulement possible du flux de production. Voici quelques étapes recommandées.
Déplacez les plans en cours de compositing jusque sur la piste V1 du plan de
montage (Timeline)
Les monteurs utilisent souvent plusieurs pistes vidéo pour assembler des scènes et tirent
donc parti des règles dont dispose Final Cut Pro concernant l’ordre des pistes pour savoir
quels plans sont actuellement visibles. Il est généralement beaucoup plus rapide et plus
facile de naviguer et de travailler sur un projet dont tous les plans se trouvent sur une
seule piste vidéo. Il est recommandé de déplacer jusque sur la piste V1 tous les plans
vidéo qui ne sont pas superposés en raison d’une opération de compositing.
Divisez votre projet en bobines
Les projets qui comptent un grand nombre de points de montage peuvent ralentir
vos performances dans Color. L’expérience montre qu’en règle générale, les projets
envoyés à Color ne devraient pas comprendre plus de 200 points de montage si l’on
souhaite obtenir des performances optimales.
Pour maximiser les performances lors de votre travail, vous pouvez envisager de découper vos projets longs en bobines d’environ 22 minutes avant de les envoyer à Color. Cette
longueur est arbitraire, mais 22 minutes, c’est la longueur standard d’une bobine de film
et elle convient bien en l’espèce, sauf si votre projet comporte de nombreuses coupes,
auquel cas vous pouvez envisager de le diviser en segments plus courts (certains monteurs préfèrent travailler sur des segments de 10 minutes seulement). Chaque segment
devrait commencer et se terminer par un point de coupure adéquat, tel que le point
d’entrée du premier plan ou le point de sortie du dernier plan d’une scène, ou encore
la fin de la dernière image d’un fondu au noir.
Important : veillez à ne pas omettre accidentellement des images entre deux bobines
lorsque vous créez ces dernières.90 Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données
Exportez des fichiers QuickTime autonomes des plans avec effets que vous
voulez étalonner.
Color ne peut ni afficher ni traiter les types de plans mentionnés ci-après.
 Générateurs
 Projets Motion
 projets LiveType
 Images figées (créées à partir d’un plan depuis Final Cut Pro)
 Fichiers d’image fixe (tels que les fichiers .tiff, .jpg, ou .bmp)
Si vous souhaitez étalonner ce type de plans dans Color, vous devez tout d’abord les
exporter sous la forme de fichiers QuickTime autonomes, puis les monter à nouveau
dans le plan de montage de votre séquence Final Cut Pro afin de remplacer les effets
originaux avant d’envoyer la séquence à Color.
Si aucun étalonnage de ces effets dans Color n’est nécessaire, il vous suffit alors d’envoyer
le projet avec ces plans dans leur format actuel et d’ignorer tous les vides qui apparaissent dans Color à la place de ces types de plans. Même s’ils n’apparaissent pas dans Color,
ces effets sont préservés dans le code XML du projet Color et ils seront à nouveau visibles lorsque vous renverrez le projet à Final Cut Pro.
? Conseil : avant d’exporter un projet depuis Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez aussi exporter
une seule séquence QuickTime autonome correspondant à l’intégralité du programme,
puis la réimporter dans votre projet et la superposer à tous les autres plans de votre
séquence modifiée. Ensuite, lorsque vous exportez le projet vers Color, vous pouvez
activer et désactiver cette version de « référence » du programme à l’aide de la visibilité des pistes chaque fois que vous souhaitez examiner les effets off line ou les corrections de couleurs créés lors du montage off line.
Gérez les données de votre projet
Si vous envoyez un projet Final Cut Pro à une suite Color qui se trouve dans une autre
installation, il se peut que vous souhaitiez supprimer les données non utilisées pour
économiser de l’espace disque (notamment si vous comptez recapturer des données
sans compression) et pour regrouper toutes les données source utilisées par votre projet dans un seul répertoire afin de faciliter leur transport et le rétablissement des liens.
Il s’agit là d’une mesure utile à prendre avant de recapturer vos données.
Recapturez les données off line à une qualité on line
Si le montage du projet a été effectué avec une résolution off line, vous devez recapturer toutes les données source à la qualité disponible la plus haute possible. Assurez-vous
de choisir un codec haute qualité, c’est-à-dire soit le codec natif avec lequel les images
source ont été enregistrées, soit l’un des codecs sans compression pris en charge. Pour
en savoir plus sur les codecs pris en charge par Color, reportez-vous à la section
« Formats de données compatibles » à la page 99.Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données 91
Important : si vous recapturez des plans vidéo enregistrés à l’origine à un format
Y´CB
CR
, assurez-vous que le codec dont vous vous servez pour la recapture et les
méthodes d’exportation que vous utilisez pour l’exportation ou le regroupement
de vos données ne bloquent pas les composants super-blanc et haute chrominance
des données originales non étalonnées. Il est généralement préférable de corriger ce
type de plans dans Color plutôt que de bloquer ces niveaux à l’avance et de risquer
de perdre ainsi des données d’image importantes.
Utilisation de la commande Send to Color de Final Cut Pro
Si Final Cut Pro et Color sont installés sur le même ordinateur, vous pouvez vous servir
de la commande Send to Color de Final Cut Pro pour transférer automatiquement votre
séquence à Color.
Pour envoyer une séquence de Final Cut Pro à Color :
1 Ouvrez le projet dans Final Cut Pro.
2 Sélectionnez une séquence dans le Navigateur pour l’envoyer dans son intégralité.
3 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Choisissez Fichier > Envoyer à > Color.
 Cliquez sur la sélection tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez Send To > Color dans le menu contextuel.
4 Donnez un nom au projet à créer dans Color, puis cliquez sur OK.
Un nouveau projet Color est automatiquement créé dans le répertoire par défaut des
projets spécifié dans User Preferences. Les plans qui apparaissent dans le plan de montage devraient correspondre à la séquence Final Cut Pro originale envoyée.
Importation d’un fichier XML dans Color
Si vous devez faire parvenir une séquenceFinal Cut Pro et ses données à une autre installation pour qu’elle y soit étalonnée à l’aide de Color, vous pouvez aussi vous servir
de la commande Export XML de Final Cut Pro pour l’exporter. Pour en savoir plus sur
l’exportation de fichiers XML depuis Final Cut Pro, reportez-vous au Manuel de l’utilisateur de Final Cut Pro.
Il vous suffit ensuite d’utiliser la commande Import XML de Color pour convertir le
fichier XML en un projet Color. Pour aller plus vite, vous pouvez copier le fichier XML
que vous souhaitez importer dans le répertoire par défaut des projets spécifié parColor.92 Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données
Pour importer un fichier XML dans Color :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Ouvrez Color.
 Choisissez File > Import > XML.
2 Dans la fenêtre Projects, choisissez un fichier XML.
3 Cliquez sur Load.
Un nouveau projet Color est automatiquement créé dans le répertoire par défaut des
projets spécifié dans User Preferences. Les plans qui apparaissent dans le plan de montage devraient correspondre à la séquence Final Cut Pro originale exportée.
Renvoi du projet à Final Cut Pro
Si vous effectuez une conversion en boucle entre Final Cut Pro et Color, vous devrez
rendre les données étalonnées dans une application autre que Color (ce sujet est traité
dans le chapitre 17, « File d’attente de rendu », à la page 361), puis exporter à nouveau
le projet Color vers Final Cut Pro.
Important : les projets qui ont recours à des séquences d’images Cineon ou DPX ne
peuvent pas être renvoyés à Final Cut Pro.
Pour utiliser la commande Send to Final Cut Pro de Color :
1 Examinez le plan de montage et choisissez le jeu d’étalonnage à utiliser pour chacun
des plans de votre projet.
Étant donné que chaque plan de votre programme peut disposer de jusqu’à quatre
versions des données rendues séparément dans le répertoire de rendu, les données
rendues auxquelles est lié chaque plan du fichier de projet XML exporté sont déterminées par le jeu d’étalonnage actuellement sélectionné pour le plan en question.
N’effectuez pas un nouveau montage des projets XML importés dans
Color
Par défaut, toutes les pistes vidéo des projets XML importés sont verrouillées. Lorsque vous étalonnez un projet, il est important d’éviter de déverrouiller ces pistes ou
d’apporter des modifications aux plans dans le plan de montage de Color si vous
avez l’intention de renvoyer le projet à Final Cut Pro sans problème.
Si des modifications sont nécessaires, effectuez un nouveau montage de la séquence
originale dans Final Cut Pro, exportez un nouveau fichier XML, puis servez-vous de la
commande Reconform pour mettre à jour le plan de montage de Color de sorte qu’il
tienne compte des modifications.Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données 93
2 Choisissez Fichier > Envoyer à > Final Cut Pro.
Remarque : si vous n’avez pas rendu chaque plan dans Color à ce stade, ceci vous sera
signalé. Il est judicieux de cliquer sur No pour annuler l’opération et rendre tous vos
plans avant de renvoyer le projet à Final Cut Pro.
Une nouvelle séquence est automatiquement créée et ajoutée au projet d’origine
Final Cut Pro duquel le programme est issu. Toutefois, si le projet Final Cut Pro depuis
lequel le programme a été envoyé a été renommé, ou s’il a été déplacé à un autre
emplacement, alors un nouveau projet Final Cut Pro est créé pour accueillir la nouvelle
séquence. Dans un cas comme dans l’autre, chaque plan de la nouvelle séquence est
automatiquement lié aux données étalonnées que vous avez rendues dans une application autre que Color.
Exportation de fichiers XML en vue de leur importation dans
Final Cut Pro
Si vous exportez un projet destiné à une personne qui se trouve dans une autre
installation, vous devrez exporter une version XML de votre projet Color.
Pour réexporter un fichier XML vers Final Cut Pro en vue de créer un fichier
de sortie final :
1 Examinez le plan de montage et choisissez le jeu d’étalonnage à utiliser pour chacun
des plans de votre projet.
Étant donné que chaque plan de votre programme peut disposer de jusqu’à quatre
versions des données rendues séparément dans le répertoire de rendu, les données
rendues auxquelles est lié chaque plan du fichier de projet XML exporté sont déterminées par le jeu d’étalonnage actuellement sélectionné pour le plan en question.
2 Choisissez File > Export > XML.
3 Lorsque la zone de dialogue Export XML Options apparaît, cliquez sur Browse.
a Dans le champ File de la zone de dialogue Export XML File, saisissez un nom pour
le fichier XML que vous exportez.
b Choisissez un emplacement pour le fichier, puis cliquez sur Save.
4 Cliquez sur OK.
Un nouveau fichier de projet XML est créé, et les plans qu’il contient sont automatiquement liés au répertoire de données spécifié dans l’onglet des réglages du projet (Project
Settings) du studio Setup.
Remarque : si vous n’avez pas encore exporté les données rendues de votre projet
Color, le fichier XML est lié aux données du projet original.94 Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données
Reconformation de projets
Si votre projet a été importé à partir d’un fichier XML ou EDL généré par Final Cut Pro,
vous avez la possibilité de reconformer automatiquement votre projet Color de sorte
qu’il tienne compte de toutes les modifications apportées à la séquence Final Cut Pro
originale, ce qui annule la nécessité de nombreuses heures d’un travail fastidieux.
Pour reconformer un projet Color XML :
1 Exportez un fichier XML mis à jour correspondant à la séquence Final Cut Pro remontée depuis Final Cut Pro.
2 Ouvrez le projet Color que vous devez mettre à jour, puis choisissez File > Reconform.
3 Servez-vous de la zone de dialogue Reconform XML pour sélectionner le fichier XML
exporté au cours de l’étape 1, puis cliquez sur Load.
Une mise à jour des plans qui se trouvent dans le plan de montage devrait se produire
pour refléter l’importation des modifications. Par ailleurs, l’état de chacun des plans sur
lesquels l’opération de reconformation a eu une incidence est mis à jour dans la colonne
Reconform du navigateur de plans.
Vous pouvez aussi reconformer des projets qui ont été importés à l’origine à l’aide
de listes de montage (EDL).
Pour reconformer un projet Color à base de listes de points de montage :
1 Exportez un fichier EDL mis à jour correspondant à la séquence remontée depuis
l’application d’origine.
2 Ouvrez le projet Color que vous devez mettre à jour, puis choisissez File > Reconform.
3 Servez-vous de la zone de dialogue Reconform pour sélectionner le fichier EDL exporté
au cours de l’étape 1, puis cliquez sur Load.
Tout comme dans le cas de la reconformation d’un projet XML, l’état de chacun des plans
modifiés par l’opération de reconformation est mis à jour dans la colonne Reconform du
navigateur de plans du studio Setup. Ceci vous permet d’identifier les plans qui peuvent
nécessiter un réajustement à cause de ces modifications. Vous pouvez les trier par type
afin de naviguer rapidement. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « En-têtes de
colonnes » à la page 111.Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données 95
Importation de listes de montage (EDL)
Vous pouvez importer une liste de montage directement dans Color. Il existe deux bonnes raisons de se servir des listes de montage plutôt que des fichiers XML :
 Pour corriger les couleurs d’un fichier vidéo original : vous pouvez effectuer une correction des couleurs s’approchant d’un flux d’étalonnage de bande à bande en important un liste de montage et en vous servant de l’option Use As Cut List pour établir
un lien entre celle-ci et le fichier de données original qui lui correspond (c’est-à-dire
un fichier .mov QuickTime ou une séquence d’images DPX).
Remarque : si vous allez procéder de la sorte, il est préférable de travailler avec des
données sans compression et d’utiliser des bobines de 20 200 minutes ou moins
pour éviter les éventuels goulots d’étranglement et baisses de performances résultant de la présence de plus de 200 points de montage dans le plan de montage.
 Pour importer un projet numérique intermédiaire au format 2K : les listes de montage
sont aussi le seul moyen d’importer un projet dans un flux de production numérique
intermédiaire au format 2K lorsque vous liez le projet en question à des séquences
d’images DPX résultant de la numérisation de films. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la
section « Utilisation de Color dans un flux de production intermédiaire numérique » à
la page 57.
Color peut importer les formats de liste de montage (EDL) suivants :
 Générique
 CMX 340
 CMX 3600
 GVG 4 Plus
Pour importer plus rapidement une liste de montage, vous pouvez copier tous les
fichiers EDL et les coller dans le répertoire par défaut des projets spécifié par Color.
Pour importer une liste de montage :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Ouvrez Color.
 Choisissez Importer dans le menu Fichier, puis choisissez EDL.
2 Dans la fenêtre Projects, choisissez un fichier EDL.96 Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données
La zone de dialogue EDL Import Settings s’ouvre avec comme destination par défaut
le répertoire par défaut des projets spécifié dans l’onglet User Prefs du studio Setup.
3 Dans les listes et les menus locaux disponibles, choisissez les propriétés du projet suivantes :
 EDL Format : format du fichier EDL que vous importez.
 Project Frame Rate : fréquence d’images du projet Color que vous êtes sur le point de
créer. Dans la plupart des cas, cette fréquence doit être la même que celle de la liste
de montage que vous importez.
 EDL Frame Rate : choisissez la fréquence d’images de la liste de montage que vous
importez. Si la fréquence d’images de la liste de montage est de 29,97 ips mais que
vous avez défini la fréquence d’images du projet (Project Frame Rate) à 24 ips, Color
effectue automatiquement les conversions nécessaires pour supprimer le pulldown
3:2 des plans du projet.
Remarque : ceci a l’avantage de permettre le traitement des flux de production dont
la liste de montage importée a été générée grâce au montage off line d’un projet
créé à partir d’une vidéo à 29,97 ips obtenue par télécinéma, mais dans lequel les
séquences d’images numérisées au format 2K résultantes ont été réimportées à la
fréquence d’images native du film, c’est-à-dire 24 ips.
 Source Frame Rate : fréquence d’images des données source qui se trouvent sur
le disque et avec lesquelles vous établissez le lien.
 Use As Cut List : cette case permet de spécifier que la liste de montage devrait être
utilisée comme liste de conformation pour « marquer » un fichier vidéo original
auquel elle correspond.Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données 97
 Project Resolution : résolution du projet Color que vous créez. En général, cette résolution doit être la même que celle des données source avec lesquelles vous établissez
le lien.
 Width : largeur de la taille d’image sélectionnée.
 Height : hauteur de la taille d’image sélectionnée.
 Source Directory : le répertoire spécifié ici définit le parseur de la liste de montage
au chemin exact qui permet d’accéder à l’emplacement dans lequel se trouvent
les fichiers numérisés DPX ou les fichiers QuickTime associés au projet.
4 Vous devez spécifier l’emplacement des données source auxquelles le projet doit être
lié en procédant de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Dans le champ Source Directory, saisissez le chemin d’accès au répertoire.
 Cliquez sur Browse, sélectionnez un répertoire à l’aide de la zone de dialogue Source
Directory, puis cliquez sur Choose.
Remarque : le répertoire source que vous choisissez peut être un volume local, un
réseau de stockage SAN ou un réseau local (LAN) dont les performances sont suffisantes pour satisfaire le débit des données du projet.
5 Lorsque vous avez terminé de sélectionner tous les réglages nécessaires, cliquez sur Import.
Un nouveau projet est créé, et la liste de montage est convertie en une séquence de
plans qui apparaissent dans le plan de montage. Ces plans devraient correspondre aux
plans de montage du projet original.
Exportation de listes EDL
Vous pouvez exporter les listes de montage vers des applications autres que Color, ce
qui peut constituer une bonne méthode pour renvoyer des projets vers d’autres applications de montage. Si vous exportez une liste de montage, ce sera l’application dans
laquelle la liste de montage sera importée qui devra se charger de rétablir correctement le lien aux données rendues hors de Color.
Remarque : pour faciliter le rétablissement du lien aux données, le chemin d’accès à ces
dernières est écrit dans la colonne de commentaires de la liste de montage exportée. Toutefois, toutes les applications de montage ne prennent pas en charge cette convention.
Pour exporter une liste de montage :
1 Choisissez File > Export > EDL.
2 Lorsque la zone de dialogue Export EDL apparaît, cliquez sur Browse.
3 Dans le champ File de la zone de dialogue Export EDL File, saisissez un nom pour la
liste de montage que vous exportez, puis choisissez un emplacement pour le fichier
et cliquez sur Save.98 Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données
4 Si vous n’avez modifié aucun des noms des plans lorsque vous avez exporté les données rendues finales pour ce projet, activez « Use Original Media Name ».
5 Cliquez sur OK.
Un nouveau fichier EDL est créé et les plans qu’il contient sont liés au répertoire de
données que vous avez spécifié.
Rétablissement du lien avec les données QuickTime
Au besoin, vous pouvez rétablir manuellement le lien des données à un projet Color.
Lorsque vous utilisez la commande de rétablissement de lien (Relink), Color relie chaque plan qui se trouve dans le plan de montage au fichier de données qui lui correspond en fonction des critères suivants :
 timecode initial
 nom de fichier
Si aucun de ces critères ne correspond, vous recevez l’avertissement suivant :
Si vous cliquez sur Yes et établissez le lien avec un autre fichier, les valeurs originales
de la source à l’intérieur (Source In) et de la source à l’extérieur (Source Out) de ce
plan seront écrasées par celles du nouveau plan.
Pour rétablir le lien de chaque plan figurant dans le plan de montage :
1 Choisissez Relier les données dans le menu Fichier.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue Choose Media Path, sélectionnez le répertoire dans lequel
les données du projet sont enregistrées, puis cliquez sur Choose.
Si ce répertoire contient toutes les données utilisées par le projet, le lien de chaque
plan figurant dans le plan de montage est automatiquement rétabli. S’il manque toujours des fichiers de données, vous recevrez un avertissement et ces plans resteront
déconnectés. Vous devrez à nouveau utiliser la commande Reconnect Media pour rétablir leurs liens.
Pour rétablir le lien d’un seul plan :
1 Cliquez sur un plan se trouvant dans le plan de montage tout en maintenant la touche
Contrôle enfoncée ou cliquez sur ce plan avec le bouton droit de la souris, puis, dans le
menu contextuel, choisissez Relink Media.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue Select Media To Relink, choisissez un plan dont le lien doit
être rétabli, puis cliquez sur Load.Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données 99
Si le nom et le timecode de début du fichier de données correspondent à ceux du plan
qui se trouve dans le plan de montage, le lien aux données est rétabli.
Importation de données directement dans le plan de montage
Vous avez également la possibilité d’importer les fichiers de données directement dans
le plan de montage, bien que ceci ne soit généralement utile que lors des cours de formation ou pour visionner les rushes numériques.
Pour importer un plan dans le plan de montage :
1 Cliquez sur l’onglet Setup ou choisissez File > Import > Clip qui a pour effet d’ouvrir
l’onglet Setup.
2 Servez vous des contrôles de navigation dans la partie supérieure gauche du Navigateur pour rechercher le répertoire contenant les données que vous souhaitez importer.
3 Cliquez sur le fichier de données que vous souhaitez importer dans le plan de montage
pour le sélectionner.
4 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Dans le Navigateur, double-cliquez sur le plan pour l’insérer dans le plan de montage
à l’endroit où se trouve la tête de lecture.
 Faites glisser le plan directement dans le plan de montage.
 Cliquez sur le bouton Import qui se trouve en dessous de l’aperçu du plan pour insé-
rer ce dernier dans le plan de montage à l’endroit où se trouve la tête de lecture.
Une fois les plans placés dans le plan de montage, enregistrez votre projet.
Formats de données compatibles
Color est compatible avec une grande variété de fichiers QuickTime et de séquences
d’images.100 Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données
Codecs QuickTime compatibles pour l’importation
La liste des codecs pris en charge par Color se limite aux codecs de qualité élevée adaptés
à l’échange et au mastering de données. Ces codecs se répartissent en trois catégories :
 Les codecs QuickTime qui sont pris en charge par Color lors de l’importation de projets et de données.
 Un sous-ensemble des codecs qui peuvent être utilisés pour rendre votre copie finale, si
vous avez sélectionné l’option Original Format dans le menu contextuel Export Codec
de l’onglet Prjct Settings tab du studio Setup. L’option Original Format n’est disponible
que si vous avez utilisé la commande « Send to Color » dans Final Cut Pro, ou si vous
avez importé un fichier Final Cut Proqui a été exporté sous forme de fichier XML.
 Par défaut, seuls quatre codecs sont disponibles dans le menu contextuel Export Codec
pour convertir vos données sources à un format de qualité supérieure. Il s’agit des
codecs Apple ProRes 422 et Apple ProRes 422 (HQ), et des codecs Apple sans compression 8 bits 4:2:2 et Apple sans compression 10 bits 4:2:2.
Remarque : si vous avez installé une interface vidéo provenant d’AJA, vous devez
voir une option supplémentaire, AJA Kona 10-bit RGB.
Pris en charge à l’importation
Pris en charge comme format original
Pris en charge comme
codec d’exportation
Animation Non Non
Codec intermédiaire Apple Oui Non
Pixlet d’Apple Oui Non
Apple ProRes 422 (HQ) Oui Oui
Apple ProRes 422 (SQ) Oui Oui
DVCPRO 50 - NTSC Oui Non
DVCPRO 50 - PAL Oui Non
DV - PAL Oui Non
DV/DVCPRO - NTSC Oui Non
DVCPRO - PAL Oui Non
DVCPRO HD 1080i50 Oui Non
DVCPRO HD 1080i60 Oui Non
DVCPRO HD 1080p25 Oui Non
DVCPRO HD 1080p30 Oui Non
DVCPRO HD 720p50 Oui Non
DVCPRO HD 720p60 Oui Non
DVCPRO HD 720p Oui Non
H.264 Non Non
HDV 720p24 Non Non
HDV 720p25 Non NonChapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données 101
Codecs QuickTime tiers compatibles pour l’importation
Color prend également en charge les codecs de tiers suivants pour l’importation :
 AJA Kona 10 bits Logarithmique RVB
 AJA Kona 10 bits RVB
Remarque : les codecs AJA Kona ne sont pas installés par QuickTime par défaut.
Ils ne peuvent être obtenus qu’auprès d’AJA.
HDV 720p30 Non Non
HDV 1080p24 Non Non
HDV 1080p25 Non Non
HDV 1080p30 Non Non
HDV 1080i60 Non Non
HDV 1080i50 Non Non
Photo - JPEG Oui Non
MPEG IMX 525/60 (30 Mo/s) Non Non
MPEG IMX 525/60 (40 Mo/s) Non Non
MPEG IMX 525/60 (50 Mo/s) Non Non
MPEG IMX 625/50 (30 Mo/s) Non Non
MPEG IMX 625/50 (40 Mo/s) Non Non
MPEG IMX 625/50 (50 Mo/s) Non Non
Sans compression 8 bits 4:2:2 Oui Oui
Sans compression 10 bits 4:2:2 Oui Oui
XDCAM HD 1080i50 (35 Mbit/s VBR) Non Non
XDCAM HD 1080i60 (35 Mbit/s VBR) Non Non
XDCAM HD 1080p24 (35 Mbit/s VBR) Non Non
XDCAM HD 1080p25 (35 Mbit/s VBR) Non Non
XDCAM HD 1080p30 (35 Mbit/s VBR) Non Non
Pris en charge à l’importation
Pris en charge comme format original
Pris en charge comme
codec d’exportation102 Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données
Codecs QuickTime compatibles pour la sortie
Color sert à créer des images étalonnées de haute qualité qu’il est possible de réimporter
dans Final Cut Pro pour générer une sortie sur bande, les convertir au format QuickTime ou
les comprimer afin de pouvoir les utiliser dans DVD Studio Pro. C’est la raison pour laquelle
la liste des codecs pris en charge pour le rendu dans des applications autres que Color est
limitée aux codec haute qualité conçus pour la masterisation et l’échange des données.
 Apple ProRes 422 : Codec bas débit avec compression de qualité élevée, pour la capture et la sortie. Il encode la vidéo sur 10 bits par canal avec un sous-échantillonnage
de la couleur de 4:2:2. Il fonctionne à un débit binaire variable (VBR) de 35 à 50 Mbit/s,
ce qui convient au mastering vidéo en définition standard. Il prend en charge
n’importe quelle dimension d’image.
 Apple ProRes 422 (HQ) : Version à plus haut débit du codec Apple ProRes 422. Il fonctionne à un débit binaire variable de 145 à 220 Mbit/s, ce qui convient au mastering
vidéo en haute définition. Il prend en charge n’importe quelle dimension d’image.
 Sans compression 8 bits 4:2:2 : Codec sans aucune compression, avec encodage sur
8 bits par canal et sous-échantillonnage de la chromie à 4:2:2. Il prend en charge
n’importe quelle dimension d’image. Il convient au mastering vidéo de n’importe
quel format.
 Sans compression 10 bits 4:2:2 : Codec sans aucune compression, avec encodage sur
10 bits par canal et sous-échantillonnage de la chromie à 4:2:2. Il prend en charge
n’importe quelle dimension d’image. Il convient au mastering vidéo de n’importe
quel format.
Color prend également en charge le codec de tierce partie suivant pour le rendu :
 AJA Kona 10 bits RVB
Remarque : les codecs AJA Kona ne sont pas installés par QuickTime par défaut.
Ils ne peuvent être obtenus qu’auprès d’AJA.
Vous pouvez effectuer le rendu de votre projet dans Color à l’aide d’un de ces codecs
de mastering de qualité supérieure, quel que soit le codec ou le niveau de compression utilisé par les données sources. Cela vous permet de mettre en œuvre un flux de
production dans le cadre duquel vous importez des données compressées dans Color,
puis exportez la sortie étalonnée sous forme de données non compressées avant de
renvoyer votre projet à Final Cut Pro. Vous pouvez ainsi économiser de l’espace disque
et éviter la multiplication des opérations de rendu. Vous préservez, par ailleurs, la qualité des corrections effectuées à une profondeur de bits élevée lorsque vous effectuez
le rendu de vos données de sortie avant de renvoyer votre projet à Final Cut Pro.Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données 103
Formats d’image compatibles
Les formats d’image à encodage RVB suivants sont compatibles avec Color pour
l’importation des séquences d’images : seuls les formats Cineon et DPX sont pris
en charge pour le rendu des séquences d’images.
 Cineon (importation et exportation) : format d’image de haute qualité mis au point par
Kodak utilisé pour la numérisation, la manipulation et l’impression numériques des images enregistrées initialement sur film. Développé sous la forme d’un format logarithmique 10 bits pour mieux reproduire la plus grande amplitude d’exposition de la pellicule.
 DPX (importation et exportation) : le format DXP (Digital Picture eXchange, Échange d’images numériques) est un dérivé du format Cineon. Il est également utilisé pour les flux de
production numériques intermédiaires de haute qualité sans compression. Color prend
en charge les fichiers image DPX et Cineon logarithmiques 8 bits et 10 bits.
 TIFF (importation uniquement) : le format TIFF (Tagged Image File, Fichier image
balisé) est un format d’image couramment utilisé sur diverses plates-formes pour
les graphismes RVB. Color est compatible avec les séquences TIFF 16 bits.
Choix du codec QuickTime à utiliser pour l’exportation
Lorsque vous choisissez le codec à utiliser pour effectuer le rendu de la sortie finale,
trois points doivent être pris en considération :
 Si vous comptez générer la sortie à un format vidéo à haut débit (tel que Betacam
SP, Digital Betacam, HDCAM ou HDCAM SR) et si vous recherchez la plus haute qualité vidéo possible, sans considération pour l’espace disque ou la puissance de l’ordinateur, exportez vos données à l’aide du codec Apple sans compression 10 bits 4:2:2.
 Si vous comptez générer votre sortie dans un des formats vidéo mentionnés ci-dessus, mais si vous devez recourir à un format compressé pour économiser l’espace
disque et favoriser les performances de votre ordinateur, vous pouvez exporter à
l’aide des codecs Apple ProRes 422 (définition standard) ou Apple ProRes 422 (HQ)
codec (haute définition), qui sont tous deux des codecs 10 bits et 4:2:2.
 Si votre système n’est pas configuré pour générer en sortie de la vidéo à un
débit aussi élevé, et si votre programme est à un format original compatible avec
l’option Original Format du menu contextuel QuickTime Export Codecs de l’onglet
Prjct Settings tab du studio Setup, vous pourrez effectuer le rendu avec le codec
correspondant au format original de la séquence Final Cut Pro. Si le codec en question n’est pas pris en charge, le menu contextuel QuickTime Export Codecs pré-
sente par défaut le codec Apple ProRes 422.104 Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données
 JPEG (importation uniquement) : format d’image à haute compression créé par le Joint
Photographic Experts Group (Groupe mixte d’experts photographiques). L’ampleur de
la compression applicable peut varier. Toutefois, les rapports de compression plus élevés produisent des défauts visuels qui se manifestent sous la forme de blocs de même
couleur. On se sert généralement du format JPEG pour les versions off line des séquences d’images, mais dans certains cas (lorsque la compression est minimale), il peut être
utilisé dans un flux de production on line. Le format JPEG se limite à l’encodage 8 bits.
 JPEG 2000 (importation uniquement) : mis au point en tant que format comprimé de
haute qualité à des fins de production et d’archivage, le format JPEG 2000 recourt à
la compression par ondelettes qui permet de réduire la taille de l’image tout en évitant les défauts visibles. Parmi ses avantages, on peut citer une plus haute qualité sur
le plan visuel malgré des rapports de compression plus élevés, la possibilité de choisir entre des méthodes de compression avec ou sans perte de données, la prise en
charge de l’encodage couleur linéaire 8 bits et 16 bits, le contrôle des erreurs et la
normalisation des en-têtes de métadonnées pour les espaces colorimétriques et
d’autres données.
Conversion de séquences d’images Cineon et DPX au format
QuickTime
Vous pouvez vous servir de Color pour convertir des séquences d’images Cineon
et DPX en fichiers QuickTime pour rendre plus faciles divers flux de production.
 Si le point de départ de votre projet est constitué par des films numérisés en haute
résolution au format 2K à l’aide d’un télécinéma avec stockage sur disques durs, vous
pouvez convertir les fichiers ainsi obtenus en fichiers de données QuickTime équivalents de plus faible résolution que vous utiliserez pour le montage off line.
 Si les données de votre projet sont déjà au format QuickTime mais que vous souhaitez obtenir une série de séquences d’images Cineon ou DPX, vous pouvez également
effectuer cette conversion à une plus faible résolution.
Lors de la conversion de séquences d’images Cineon et DPX en vidéo QuickTime haute
définition ou définition standard (et vice versa), Color effectue automatiquement tous
les conversions nécessaires d’espaces colorimétriques. Les données logarithmiques
seront converties en données linéaires et il sera tenu compte des espaces colorimétriques Rec. 701 et 601.Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données 105
Pour convertir des séquences d’images Cineon ou DPX au format QuickTime :
1 Créez un projet vierge.
2 Ouvrez l’onglet Prjct Settings du studio Setup et suivez la procédure ci-dessous :
a Cliquez sur Project Render Directory, choisissez un répertoire de rendu pour les
données converties, puis cliquez sur Choose.
b Dans le menu local Render File Type, choisissez QuickTime.
c Dans le menu local Resolution Presets, choisissez une résolution.
d Dans le menu local Export Codec, choisissez le codec auquel vous souhaitez convertir les séquences d’images.
3 À l’aide du Navigateur, insérez tous les plans que vous souhaitez convertir dans le plan
de montage.
4 Au besoin, étalonnez les plans pour apporter toutes les corrections souhaitées aux données off line que vous générerez.
Les données source issues de caméras ou de processus de transfert particuliers disposent
parfois d’un ajustement spécifique de la correction des couleurs ou du contraste qui doit
absolument leur être appliqué pour que leur affichage soit acceptable lors du montage.
Si c’est le cas, vous pouvez vous servir d’une seule correction pour ajuster tous les plans
à convertir (ce qui équivaut à un transfert avec une seule lumière). Dans d’autres cas, il
sera préférable de corriger chaque plan de manière individuelle avant la conversion afin
de disposer de données de la plus haute qualité possible sur le plan visuel pour le processus de montage (ce qui équivaut à un transfert avec la meilleure lumière).
? Conseil : pour appliquer rapidement une seule correction à chacun des plans qui
se trouvent dans le plan de montage, étalonnez un plan représentatif dans le studio
Primary In, puis cliquez sur Copy to All.
5 Ouvrez la file d’attente de rendu (Render Queue), puis cliquez sur Add All.
6 Cliquez sur Start Render.
Tous les plans sont convertis et la sortie rendue est enregistrée dans le répertoire
de rendu actuellement spécifié.106 Chapitre 4 Importation et gestion de projets et de données
Importation des corrections de couleurs
La commande Import > Color Corrections permet d’appliquer les jeux d’étalonnage et
les corrections de couleurs utilisées pour les plans d’un fichier de projet à ceux d’un autre
projet. Cette commande est destinée à être utilisée sur les projets Color qui reposent sur
la même source. Ainsi, si vous importez une nouvelle version d’un projet sur lequel vous
avez déjà travaillé, vous pouvez la mettre à jour avec tous les jeux d’étalonnage appliqués au projet précédent.
Pour importer les corrections de couleurs d’un projet dans un autre :
1 Ouvrez le projet Color dans lequel vous voulez importer les corrections.
2 Choisissez File > Import > Color Corrections.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue Projects, sélectionnez le projet Color contenant les corrections
que vous voulez importer, puis cliquez sur Load.
Les plans du projet qui se trouve ouvert sont mis à jour avec les corrections de couleurs
de l’autre fichier de projet.
Exportation d’images JPEG
Color offre également la possibilité d’exporter un fichier JPEG correspondant à l’image
sur laquelle se trouve la tête de lecture.
Pour exporter un fichier JPEG correspondant à l’image sur laquelle se trouve actuellement la tête de lecture :
1 Placez la tête de lecture sur l’image à exporter.
2 Choisissez Export > JPEG Still.
3 Saisissez un nom dans le champ File, puis sélectionnez un répertoire à l’aide de la zone
de dialogue Save Still As.
Remarque : cette zone de dialogue indique par défaut le sous-répertoire Still Store
à l’intérieur du paquet du projet.
4 Cliquez sur Save.
L’image est enregistrée au format JPEG à l’emplacement que vous avez sélectionné.5
107
5 Setup (Configuration)
Avant de commencer à travailler sur votre projet, prenez
quelques instants pour configurer votre environnement de
travail et vos réglages de projet Color dans le studio Setup.
Le studio Setup remplit de nombreuses fonctions. Il permet d’importer des fichiers
de données, de trier et de gérer les jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés, d’organiser les plans
utilisés dans votre programme et d’effectuer des recherches parmi ceux-ci, de choisir
le rendu et les réglages de seuils de diffusion de votre projet, ou bien encore d’ajuster
les préférences d’utilisateur.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Le navigateur de fichiers (p. 108)
 Le navigateur de plans (p. 109)
 Chutier des jeux d’étalonnage (p. 115)
 Onglet Project Settings (p. 115)
 Onglet Messages (p. 121)
 Onglet User Preferences (p. 122)108 Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration)
Le navigateur de fichiers
Le navigateur de fichiers (File Browser), qui occupe la moitié gauche du studio Setup,
vous permet de naviguer directement dans la structure de répertoires de votre disque
dur. C’est comme si vous disposiez d’un Finder miniature ici même dans le studio Setup.
Il est important de ne pas oublier que le navigateur de fichiers n’est pas un chutier. Les
fichiers qu’il affiche ne sont pas associés à votre projet Color aussi longtemps que vous
ne les faites pas glisser manuellement dans la timeline ou que vous ne rétablissez pas le
lien entre les plans d’un projet importé et les fichiers de données associés figurant sur
disque au moyen des commandes Relink Media ou Reconnect Media.
Par défaut, il affiche le contenu du répertoire de données par défaut au démarrage de Color.
 Bouton Up Directory : permet de passer dans le répertoire parent du chemin d’accès
en cours.
 Bouton Home Directory : permet de passer dans le répertoire de données par défaut
actuellement défini.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation du navigateur de fichiers, consultez la section
« Importation de données directement dans le plan de montage » à la page 99.
Pour plus d’informations sur l’importation des données de projet à partir d’autres
applications, consultez le chapitre 4, « Importation et gestion de projets et de
données », à la page 83.Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration) 109
Le navigateur de plans
Le navigateur de plans (Shots browser) affiche chaque plan utilisé par le programme
en cours qui apparaît dans la timeline. Vous pouvez employer ce chutier pour trier les
plans de votre programme au moyen de différents critères, sélectionner un groupe de
plans auxquels une opération doit être appliquée ou choisir un plan quel que soit
l’endroit où il apparaît dans la timeline.
 Bouton Icon View : cliquez sur ce bouton pour afficher sous forme d’icône la zone de plan.
 Bouton List View : cliquez sur ce bouton pour afficher sous forme de liste la zone de plan.
 Shots Browser : chaque plan de votre projet s’affiche dans ce navigateur, sous la forme
d’une vignette ou d’une entrée (dans la vue sous forme de liste).
Plan en cours et plans sélectionnés
Les icônes ou les entrées du navigateur de plans ont une certaine couleur selon l’état
qui leur a été affecté.
 Gris foncé : le plan n’est actuellement ni affiché, ni sélectionné.
 Gris clair : le plan se trouvant actuellement au niveau de la tête de lecture est considéré comme le plan en cours. Il est mis en évidence en gris dans la timeline globale
et celle du navigateur de plans. Le plan en cours est celui qui est affiché et corrigé
lorsque les commandes d’un studio sont réglées.
 Cyan : vous pouvez sélectionner des plans autres que celui en cours. Les plans sélectionnés sont mis en évidence en cyan dans la timeline et le navigateur de plans. Pour
gagner du temps, vous pouvez appliquer en même temps des jeux d’étalonnage et
des corrections à plusieurs plans sélectionnés.110 Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration)
Champs Goto et Find
Les champs Goto Shot et Find vous permettent d’atteindre et de rechercher des plans
spécifiques de votre projet. Ces champs s’affichent dans le navigateur de plans en mode
Icône ou Liste.
Pour atteindre un plan spécifique :
m Saisissez une valeur dans le champ Goto Shot, puis appuyez sur Entrée.
La liste défile vers le bas pour afficher le plan correspondant à cette valeur et ce dernier
est automatiquement sélectionné. La tête de lecture se place sur la première image du
plan dans la timeline.
Pour rechercher un plan spécifique :
1 Cliquez sur l’en-tête de la colonne de données dans laquelle vous souhaitez effectuer
la recherche.
2 Saisissez un nom dans le champ Search.
Dès que vous commencez à taper, le contenu du navigateur de plans est supprimé, à
l’exception des éléments correspondant aux critères de recherche. À mesure que vous
continuez la saisie, le navigateur de plans est mis à jour de façon dynamique pour afficher la liste actualisée des éléments correspondants.
Remarque : toutes les recherches sont effectuées à partir du premier caractère de données de la colonne sélectionnée, de la gauche vers la droite. La fonction de recherche
ne distingue pas les majuscules des minuscules.
Pour afficher tous les plans après une opération de recherche :
m Sélectionnez l’intégralité du texte dans la zone Find, puis appuyez sur Suppr.
Tous les plans doivent réapparaître dans le navigateur de plans.Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration) 111
En-têtes de colonnes
Lorsque le navigateur de plans est en mode d’affichage Liste, jusqu’à neuf colonnes
d’information sont visibles.
 Number : affiche la position d’un plan dans le montage. 1 correspond au premier plan,
2 au deuxième, etc.
 Shot Name : nom du plan, basé sur le nom de fichier correspondant.
 Colorist : affiche le nom présent dans le champ Colorist des réglages du projet
lorsque le plan a été corrigé pour la dernière fois. Cette colonne permet de garder
la trace des personnes ayant travaillé sur tel ou tel plan lorsque plusieurs coloristes
sont affectés à un projet.
 Status : affiche l’état du rendu du plan. Vous pouvez cliquer avec le bouton droit de
la souris sur cette colonne pour tout plan sélectionné et choisir un nouvel état dans
le menu contextuel. Les cinq états possibles d’un plan sont les suivants :
 Queued : le plan a été ajouté à la file d’attente de rendu.
 Rendering : un rendu est actuellement appliqué au plan.
 Rendered : le rendu a été correctement appliqué au plan.
 To Do : le plan n’a pour l’instant été corrigé dans aucun studio.
 Aborted : le rendu de ce plan a été arrêté.
 Reconform : indique si le plan a été concerné par une opération de reconformation
(remise en conformité). Vous pouvez par exemple effectuer un tri en fonction de
cette colonne pour identifier et atteindre rapidement les nouveaux plans qui, ayant
été ajoutés à la timeline à la suite d’une opération de reconformation, n’ont pas
encore été étalonnés. Pour en savoir plus sur la reconformation d’un projet, consultez la section « Reconformation de projets » à la page 94. Les messages de reconformation possibles sont les suivants :
 Shorten : le plan a été raccourci.
 Content Shift : la durée et la position du plan dans la timeline sont identiques, mais
son contenu a été décalé.
 Moved : le plan a été déplacé dans la timeline.
 Added : le plan a été ajouté au projet.
 Time Spent : cette colonne apparaît uniquement lorsque le bouton Show Time figurant sous le navigateur de plans est activé. Elle indique le temps consacré à l’étalonnage de ce plan particulier. Color enregistre le temps que vous avez passé sur chacun
des plans de chaque programme de façon à vous permettre de contrôler l’efficacité
de votre travail.
 Notes : la colonne Notes fournit une interface permettant d’enregistrer et de rappeler les notes textuelles relatives à des plans spécifiques. Les plans associés à des notes
s’affichent avec une coche dans cette colonne.112 Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration)
Personnalisation du navigateur de plans
Les procédures ci-dessous montrent comment vous pouvez trier et modifier le contenu du navigateur de plans.
Pour trier le contenu du navigateur de plan en fonction d’une de ses colonnes :
m Cliquez sur l’en-tête d’une colonne pour trier les données en fonction de cette dernière.
Les plans sont triés dans l’ordre décroissant uniquement. Les nombres ont la priorité
sur les lettres, tout comme les majuscules sur les minuscules.
Pour redimensionner une colonne dans le navigateur de plans :
m Faites glisser la bordure droite de la colonne à redimensionner.
Pour afficher ou masquer la colonne Time Spent :
m Cliquez sur le bouton Show Time figurant sous le navigateur de plans.Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration) 113
Ajout de notes aux plans
Color offre une interface permettant de conserver les notes des clients ou des responsables
techniques concernant des plans spécifiques à mesure que vous travaillez sur un projet.
Pour ajouter une note à un plan ou bien encore pour lire ou modifier une note
existante :
1 Ouvrez le navigateur de plans dans le studio Setup.
2 Cliquez tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée (ou cliquez avec le bouton
droit de la souris) sur la colonne Notes du navigateur de plans, puis choisissez Edit File
dans le menu contextuel.
Une fenêtre d’édition de texte normal s’affiche.
3 Entrez le texte de votre choix.
4 Pour enregistrer et fermer la note, effectuez une des opérations suivantes :
 Appuyez sur la touche S tout en maintenant la touche Commande enfoncée et fermez la fenêtre.
 Fermez la fenêtre et cliquez sur Save à partir de la feuille de dépôt.
Lorsqu’une note a été ajoutée à un plan, une coche apparaît dans la colonne Notes.
Pour supprimer une note d’un plan :
m Cliquez tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée (ou cliquez avec le bouton
droit de la souris) sur la colonne Notes du navigateur de plans, puis choisissez Delete
File dans le menu contextuel.
Remarque : les notes sont enregistrées dans le sous-répertoire de ce plan particulier
(dans le sous-répertoire /shots/ de cet ensemble de projets). Lors de la suppression
d’une note, le fichier associé est également supprimé.
Sélection de plans et navigation dans la timeline à l’aide du navigateur de plans
Vous pouvez utiliser le navigateur de plans pour rechercher et sélectionner efficacement des plans spécifiques (par exemple, pour appliquer simultanément un même jeu
d’étalonnage à un groupe de plans). Il vous permet également d’atteindre rapidement
un plan particulier dans la timeline. Ces procédures fonctionnent que le navigateur de
plans soit en mode d’affichage Icône ou Liste.114 Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration)
Pour sélectionner un ou plusieurs plans, effectuez une des opérations suivantes :
m Cliquez sur un plan du navigateur de plans pour le sélectionner.
m Cliquez sur un groupe de plans tout en appuyant sur la touche Commande pour sélectionner un groupe de plans non contigu.
m Cliquez sur un plan, puis cliquez sur un second tout en appuyant sur la touche Maj pour
sélectionner un ensemble contigu de plans depuis la première sélection jusqu’à la seconde.
Les plans sélectionnés s’affichent avec une incrustation de couleur cyan.
Pour atteindre un plan spécifique de la timeline à l’aide du navigateur de plans :
m Double-cliquez sur un plan.
m Saisissez une valeur dans la zone Goto Shot.
Le nouveau plan en cours s’affiche en gris dans le navigateur de plans et la tête de
lecture se positionne sur la première image de ce plan dans la timeline. Ce plan peut
maintenant être corrigé à l’aide de l’un des studios de Color.Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration) 115
Chutier des jeux d’étalonnage
Le chutier des jeux d’étalonnage (Grades) vous permet d’enregistrer et de gérer les jeux
d’étalonnage utilisables dans vos programmes. Comme indiqué au chapitre 3, un jeu
d’étalonnage peut contenir une ou plusieurs des corrections individuelles suivantes :
 Primary
 Secondary
 Color FX
 Primary Out
L’application d’un jeu d’étalonnages à un ou plusieurs plans permet d’apporter simultanément de nombreuses corrections. Les jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés dans le chutier
sont disponibles pour tous les projets Color ouverts alors que la connexion à ce compte
d’utilisateur était établie. Ce chutier permet d’afficher les jeux d’étalonnage sous forme
d’icône ou de liste. Comme les autres chutiers de Color, il offre des commandes qui permettent son organisation à l’aide de sous-répertoires et grâce auxquelles vous pouvez
naviguer dans le structure de fichiers ainsi obtenue. Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation
des commandes du chutier des jeux d’étalonnage, consultez la section « Navigateurs et
chutiers pour organiser les fichiers » à la page 75.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’enregistrement et l’application des jeux d’étalonnages, consultez
la section « Enregistrement de jeux d’étalonnage dans le chutier des jeux » à la
page 302.
Onglet Project Settings
Les options de l’onglet Project Settings sont enregistrées individuellement pour chaque projet. Elles vous permettent de consigner des informations supplémentaires sur
le projet, ainsi que de régler son affichage et le mode de rendu de ses plans.116 Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration)
Réglages relatifs aux informations sur le projet et au répertoire de rendu
Ces réglages fournissent des informations sur Color et sur votre projet. Ils vous permettent en outre de définir le répertoire dans lequel les données générées par le projet
sont enregistrées.
 Project Name : nom du projet. Par défaut, ce nom correspond à celui du fichier de
projet figurant sur le disque, mais vous pouvez le remplacer par le nom de votre
choix. Le changement du nom du projet n’affecte pas le nom du fichier de projet.
 Render Directory : le répertoire de rendu est le répertoire par défaut où sont stockés
les fichiers de données du projet auxquels le rendu a été appliqué. Pour en savoir
plus sur le rendu des projets Color, consultez le chapitre 17, « File d’attente de
rendu », à la page 361.
 Bouton Project Render Directory : ce bouton vous permet de sélectionner un nouveau
répertoire de rendu pour le projet au moyen de la zone de dialogue Choose Project
Render Directory.
 Colorist : ce champ vous permet d’enregistrer le nom du coloriste travaillant actuellement sur le projet. Cette information est utile pour savoir qui travaille sur tel ou tel
projet dans des installations de postproduction à plusieurs suites ou pour déterminer quand un fichier de projet est transféré d’une installation vers une autre.
 Client : ce champ vous permet d’enregistrer le nom du client auquel le projet appartient.
Réglages de la résolution et du codec
Ces réglages vous permettent de configurer les propriétés d’affichage et de rendu de
votre projet. Ils modifient la façon dont le rendu du projet est effectué à des fins d’affichage et le moment où le rendu est appliqué à la sortie finale.
 Display LUT : une table de correspondance d’affichage est un fichier contenant des
informations de réglage de la couleur qui est généralement utilisé pour modifier
l’image contrôlée s’affichant sur les écrans d’aperçu et de diffusion. Les tables de
correspondance peuvent être générées pour calibrer votre affichage à l’aide de
sondes matérielles et permettent également de le mettre en correspondance avec
d’autres supports d’imagerie caractérisés, parmi lesquels les systèmes de projection
numériques et les flux d’impression de film. Si vous avez chargé une table de correspondance d’affichage dans le cadre d’un flux de gestion des couleurs, ce champ vous
indique le fichier de table de correspondance utilisé. Pour en savoir plus sur la gestion des tables de correspondance, consultez le chapitre 6, « Contrôle », à la page 133.
 Frame Rate : ce champ affiche la fréquence d’images définie pour le projet. La fréquence
d’images de votre projet est définie lors de la création de ce dernier et peut être modifiée par le biais d’un menu local à condition qu’aucun plan n’apparaisse dans la timeline.
Après l’ajout d’un ou de plusieurs plans dans la timeline, la fréquence d’images du projet ne peut pas être modifiée.Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration) 117
 Menu local Resolution Presets : ce menu affiche toutes les résolutions de projet prises
en charge par Color, parmi lesquelles les tailles d’image 2K, haute définition et de
définition standard PAL et NTSC. Les options disponibles dans ce menu sont parfois
limitées par le codec d’exportation QuickTime sélectionné.
Si le codec d’exportation QuickTime sélectionné autorise les tailles d’image personnalisées, les champs de largeur et de hauteur présentés ci-dessous peuvent être
modifiés. Si tel n’est pas le cas, ces champs ne sont pas modifiables. Si ces champs
sont réglés sur une taille d’image définie par l’utilisateur, le menu local Resolution
Presets affiche la mention « custom » (personnalisé).
 Width : largeur actuellement sélectionnée pour la dimension de l’image.
 Height : hauteur actuellement sélectionnée pour la dimension de l’image.
 Printing Density : ce menu local apparaît uniquement lorsque le projet en cours est
réglé pour utiliser les séquences d’images Cineon ou DPX. Il vous permet de choisir
explicitement la plage numérique des valeurs qui sont utilisées pour traiter la couleur de façon à assurer la compatibilité avec votre flux de données (« pipeline ») de
postproduction. Ces options déterminent le réglage des points noir et blanc dans
les données dont le rendu est effectué par Color. Trois options sont disponibles :
 Film (95 Black – 685 White : Logarithmic)
 Video (65 Black – 940 White : Linear)
 Linear (0 Black – 1023 White)
 Render File Type : ce paramètre est automatiquement réglé en fonction du type de
donnée utilisé par votre projet. Si vous envoyez un projet à partir de Final Cut Pro, il
est défini sur QuickTime et ne peut pas être modifié. Si vous créez un projet Color à
partir de zéro, ce menu local vous permet de choisir le format de rendu des données
finales. Si vous travaillez sur des projets de film 2K utilisant des séquences d’images,
vous choisirez probablement Cineon ou DPX, tandis que vous effectuerez très vraisemblablement le rendu des projets vidéo sous la forme de fichiers QuickTime.
 Deinterlace Renders : lorsque cette option est activée, tous les plans affichés sur les
écrans d’aperçu et de diffusion sont désentrelacés, de même que les données dont
le rendu est effectué par Color.118 Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration)
 Deinterlace Previews : lorsque cette option est activée, tous les plans affichés sur les
écrans d’aperçu et de diffusion sont désentrelacés, mais les données dont le rendu
est effectué à partir de Color restent entrelacées.
 Menu local QuickTime Export Codecs : si QuickTime est sélectionné dans le menu
local Render File Type, ce menu vous permet de choisir le codec que vous allez utiliser pour effectuer le rendu des données à partir de votre projet. Si on sélectionne
Original Format, le codec d’exportation est automatiquement le codec spécifié dans
les réglages de la séquence Final Cut Pro d’origine (cette option n’est disponible que
lorsqu’on utilise la commande « Send to Color », ou lorsqu’on importe un fichier XML
exporté depuis Final Cut Pro).
Le codec d’exportation QuickTime ne doit pas nécessairement correspondre au
codec employé par les données source. Vous pouvez vous en servir pour convertir
données à un format très peu compressé ou non compressé. Ce menu local affiche
une liste limitée aux codecs QuickTime actuellement pris en charge pour le rendu
des données à partir de Color.
À propos du désentrelaçage
Le désentrelaçage dans Color s’effectue très simplement, en faisant la moyenne
des deux champs de façon à créer une image unique. L’image qui en résulte peut
sembler estompée.
Remarque : un paramètre de désentrelaçage est également disponible pour chaque
plan de l’onglet Shot Settings en regard de la Timeline. Il vous permet de désentrelacer
de façon sélective des plans individuels sans appliquer cette opération à tout le programme. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Onglet Settings 2 » à la page 159.
Choix du codec QuickTime à utiliser pour l’exportation
Vous pouvez effectuer le rendu de votre projet dans Color à l’aide d’un de ces codecs
de mastering de qualité supérieure, quel que soit le codec ou le niveau de compression utilisé par les données sources. Vous pouvez faire appel au menu local QuickTime
Export Codecs pour simplifier un flux de production dans lequel vous importez des
données compressées dans Color, puis exportez la sortie corrigée sous forme de données non compressées pour le renvoi du projet à Final Cut Pro. Vous pouvez ainsi économiser de l’espace disque et éviter la multiplication des opérations de rendu. Vous
préservez, par ailleurs, la qualité des corrections effectuées à une profondeur de bits
élevée lorsque vous effectuez le rendu de vos données de sortie avant de renvoyer
votre projet à Final Cut Pro.
Les codecs les plus indiqués pour le mastering sont les codecs Apple sans compression
8 bits 4:2:2, Apple sans compression 10 bits 4:2:2, Apple ProRes 422 et Apple ProRes 422
(HQ).Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Codecs QuickTime compatibles pour la
sortie » à la page 102.Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration) 119
Réglages de seuils de diffusion (Broadcast Safe)
Ces réglages de seuils de diffusion vous permettent de configurer Color de façon à limiter les valeurs minimale et maximale de la luminance, de la chrominance et des signaux
composites des plans de votre programme. Ils sont tous intégralement personnalisables en fonction de toute norme de contrôle qualité et empêchent la violation de ce
type de norme.
 Bouton Broadcast Safe : l’activation des réglages Broadcast Safe permet la légalisation
des diffusions pour l’ensemble du projet, modifiant à la fois la façon dont le projet
s’affiche sur votre écran secondaire et votre écran de diffusion et la façon dont son
rendu est effectué pour la sortie finale. Ce bouton permet d’activer et de désactiver
les réglages suivants :
 Ceiling IRE : indique le niveau de luminance maximum autorisé, en unités IRE analogiques. Les signaux dont la luminance est supérieure à cette limite seront réglés
en fonction de cette valeur maximale.
 Floor IRE : indique le niveau de luminance minimum autorisé, en unités IRE analogiques. Les signaux dont la luminance est inférieure à cette limite seront réglés en
fonction de cette valeur minimale.
 Amplitude : cette fonction n’est pas restrictive. Elle permet au contraire d’appliquer un réglage à l’amplitude de la chrominance. La valeur par défaut 0 n’entraîne
aucune modification.
 Phase : vous permet d’ajuster la phase de chrominance. Si l’amplitude est réglée
sur 0, aucune modification n’est effectuée.
 Offset : permet d’ajuster le décalage d’un réglage de la chrominance. Si l’amplitude est réglée sur 0, aucune modification n’est effectuée.
 Chroma Limit : définit la saturation maximale autorisée. La chrominance des
signaux dont la saturation est supérieure à cette limite sera réglée en fonction
de cette valeur maximale.
 Composite Limit : définit la combinaison maximale autorisée pour la luminance
et la chrominance. Les signaux dépassant cette limite seront réglés en fonction
de cette valeur maximale.
Les réglages de seuils de diffusion limitent la plage de données source non corrigées
de votre projet et vous empêchent par ailleurs d’introduire par inadvertance des
valeurs non autorisées lorsque vous effectuez des corrections. Vous pouvez limiter
les niveaux de diffusion de trois façons différentes dans votre programme.120 Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration)
Activer les réglages Broadcast Safe et les maintenir activés pendant toute la durée
de votre travail
La façon la plus sûre de travailler (et le comportement par défaut des nouveaux projets)
consiste simplement à activer les réglages Broadcast Safe lorsque vous commencez à
travailler et à les maintenir activés pendant toute la phase d’étalonnage. Avec un peu de
pratique, vous pourrez déterminer si un ton clair ou une ombre est trop écrasé en visualisant l’image sur le moniteur et en vérifiant si des valeurs ne sont pas accumulées en
haut et en bas des graphiques affichés sur l’oscilloscope Waveform. Si l’image est coupée de façon excessive, vous pouvez effectuer une correction pour ajuster le signal.
Désactiver les réglages Broadcast Safe pendant la correction, puis les activer de
nouveau pour la sortie
Si vous activez tout de suite les réglages Broadcast Safe, les parties non autorisées
du signal sont immédiatement restreintes et il peut être difficile de déterminer exactement la quantité de données coupées. Lorsque vous étalonnez des données qui ont
été enregistrées de façon homogène avec des niveaux de super blanc et une chrominance élevée, il peut être préférable de désactiver les réglages Broadcast Safe lors de
la phase d’étalonnage initiale, de façon à identifier plus facilement les parties du signal
hors limites et à déterminer plus judicieusement comment ce dernier doit être légalisé.
Une fois la phase initiale terminée, vous pourrez réactiver les réglages Broadcast
Safe pour faire obstacle aux niveaux parasites. Vous serez ainsi sûr de ne pas trop
restreindre l’image.
Activer le bouton Enable Clipping pour des plans individuels de votre programme
Le bouton Enable Clipping de l’onglet Basic du studio Primary Out vous permet de définir
des valeurs plafonds pour les canaux rouge, vert et bleu des différents plans de votre programme. Vous pouvez ainsi empêcher la présence de valeurs de diffusion non autorisées
dans les plans auxquels vous appliquez des corrections Primary, Secondary ou Color FX
extrêmes, sans activer les réglages Broadcast Safe pour tout le programme. Si les réglages
Enable Clipping et Broadcast Safe sont tous les deux activés, la norme de niveau inférieur
s’applique. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Utilisation des commandes de
plafonnement » à la page 298.Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration) 121
Important : le processus de légalisation des diffusions employé par Color a pour but de
conserver les détails de l’image tout en empêchant les niveaux de diffusion non autorisés. Comme dans tout système d’étalonnage, le fait de pousser les réglages au-delà
d’un certain point entraîne des couleurs noires uniformément écrasées, des couleurs
blanches éclatées et des zones de couleur ternes. Il convient toutefois de préciser que
cette opération est souvent utilisée pour obtenir un effet stylistique.
Réglages de rendu
Ce réglage modifie la façon dont le rendu des données est effectué à partir de Color.
 Handles : ce champ vous permet d’indiquer une durée pour les données supplémentaires à ajouter au début et à la fin de chaque fichier de données dont le rendu est
effectué à partir de Color. Lorsqu’un projet est renvoyé dans Final Cut Pro, les poignées permettent aux monteurs d’effectuer de petits ajustements et de continuer
à disposer de données corrigées. La valeur par défaut est 00 :00 :01 :00.
Onglet Messages
L’onglet Messages contient la liste courante de tous les avertissement et messages
d’erreur générés par Color pendant son fonctionnement. Les messages affichés en
jaune sont des avertissements. Les messages affichés en rouge indiquent qu’une
erreur est survenue (par exemple, « Directory not writable trying to re-save a project »).
L’onglet Messages ne comporte pas de commande.
À propos des seuils de diffusion (Broadcast Safe)
Lorsque vous procédez à l’étalonnage de tout programme devant être diffusé, il est
important d’obtenir auprès de l’organisme de diffusion les recommandations de contrôle qualité spécifiques à votre travail. Diverses normes existent pour les niveaux
maximum et minimum autorisés pour les valeurs IRE, la chrominance et l’amplitude
des signaux composites, et certains organismes de diffusion sont plus conservateurs
que d’autres.
Les paramètres associés aux seuils de diffusion peuvent être réglés de façon à correspondre aux recommandations de contrôle qualité requises. Lorsqu’ils sont activés,
ils garantissent le respect de ces normes par votre programme lors du contrôle de
ce dernier et du rendu des données corrigées finales. 122 Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration)
Onglet User Preferences
L’onglet User Preferences contient des réglages ayant une incidence sur le fonctionnement
de Color pour tout projet ouvert. Il inclut des options permettant de personnaliser la sensibilité de la surface de contrôle, l’affichage de la timeline, le fonctionnement de la lecture,
la sortie vidéo, de même que la profondeur de bits utilisée pour l’affichage et le rendu.
L’état de chacun de ces réglages est automatiquement enregistré chaque fois qu’ils
sont modifiés. Si nécessaire, vous pouvez restaurer leur valeur d’origine.
Pour redéfinir les préférences d’utilisateur par défaut :
m Cliquez sur Revert en bas de l’onglet User Preferences.
Répertoires de données et de projets
Les répertoires de données et de projets vous permettent de contrôler l’emplacement
où les nouveaux fichiers sont enregistrés par défaut.
 Default Project Dir. : répertoire par défaut où sont enregistrés tous les nouveaux projets Color. Il s’agit également du répertoire par défaut figurant dans les zones de dialogue associées aux commandes Import EDL et Import XML. Cliquez sur le bouton
Browse pour choisir un nouveau répertoire.
 Default Media Dir. : répertoire par défaut du navigateur de fichiers. Il s’agit également
de l’emplacement de données par défaut qui est utilisé par les commandes Import
EDL et Import XML. Cliquez sur le bouton Browse pour choisir un nouveau répertoire.
 Default Render Dir. : répertoire par défaut des données dont le rendu est effectué
par Color pour l’exportation. Cliquez sur le bouton Browse pour choisir un nouveau
répertoire.
Réglages de la surface de contrôle
Si vous utilisez une surface de contrôle avec Color, les paramètres ci-dessous vous permettent de régler la correspondance entre le mouvement appliqué à une commande
particulière et le réglage effectif qui en résulte.
 Hue Wheel Angle : ce paramètre indique l’angle selon lequel les couleurs apparaissent sur la roue des couleurs des commandes de couleur de l’interface Color et
l’angle correspondant selon lequel ces couleurs sont ajustées lors de l’utilisation des
dispositifs de commande (boules de commande) d’une surface de contrôle. Il est personnalisable de façon à s’adapter aux exigences des coloristes familiarisés avec diffé-
rents systèmes :
 122 est l’angle par défaut de la couleur rouge pour les systèmes d’étalonnage
DaVinci. Il correspond à l’angle d’affichage du rouge sur un vecteurscope. Il s’agit
du réglage Color par défaut.Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration) 123
 0 est l’angle par défaut de la couleur rouge pour les systèmes d’étalonnage Pogle ;
il correspond à l’orientation des commandes de l’ancien équipement de télécinéma Mk III.
 Encoder Sensitivity : ce paramètre contrôle la vitesse à laquelle la valeur des commandes Color est modifiée suite à la rotation des potentiomètres d’une surface de contrôle.
 Jog/Shuttle Sensitivity : ce paramètre contrôle la vitesse à laquelle la tête de lecture
se déplace par rapport à l’amplitude de la rotation appliquée à la roue Jog/Shuttle
d’une surface de contrôle.
 Joyball Sensitivity : ce paramètre contrôle la vitesse de réglage des commandes de couleur Shadows, Midtones et Highlights dans les studios Primary In, Secondary et Primary
Out lorsque vous utilisez les dispositifs de commande (boules de commande) d’une
surface de contrôle. Le réglage par défaut 1 correspond à une vitesse très lente. Augmentez cette valeur pour effectuer plus rapidement les corrections en appliquant le
même mouvement au dispositif de commande.
Réglages de l’interface utilisateur
Les réglages ci-dessous vous permettent de personnaliser l’interface Color.
 UI Saturation : cette valeur contrôle le niveau de saturation des commandes affichées dans l’interface utilisateur Color. De nombreux coloristes la réduisent pour
éliminer la fatigue visuelle et empêcher toute altération éventuelle de leur perception des couleurs lors des sessions. La saturation de l’interface utilisateur modifie
également l’intensité des couleurs affichées par la fenêtre Scopes lorsque l’option
Monochrome Scopes est désactivée.
 Frames/Seconds/Minutes/Hours : ces boutons vous permettent de choisir le mode
d’affichage de l’heure dans la réglette de la timeline. Ils n’ont pas d’incidence sur
la façon dont l’heure est représentée dans les autres champs de timecode de Color.
 Show Shots Name : si vous activez cette option, le nom de chaque plan s’affiche dans
le plan de montage.
Angle de la roue des couleurs à 122° Angle de la roue des couleurs à 0°124 Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration)
 Show Shots Number : l’activation de ce réglage permet d’afficher le numéro de chaque plan dans la timeline.
 Show Shots Beauty Frame : si vous activez cette option, des vignettes à image unique
apparaissent à l’intérieur de chacun des plans qui se trouvent dans le plan de montage.
 Loop During Playback : l’activation de ce réglage permet la lecture en boucle depuis
le point d’entrée en cours jusqu’au point de sortie de la timeline. L’effet de ce réglage
sur la lecture dépend de la façon dont le mode de lecture est défini. Pour en savoir
plus, consultez la section « Choix du mode de lecture » à la page 152.
 Maintain Framerate : ce réglage détermine si des images sont abandonnées pour
maintenir la fréquence d’images du projet lors de la lecture.
 Si le réglage Maintain Framerate est activé (par défaut), la fréquence d’images du plan
actuel est respectée quel que soit la charge de travail supportée par le processeur. Si
le jeu d’étalonnage choisi pour le plan en cours de lecture requiert une grande quantité de ressources processeur, certaines images seront ignorées pendant la lecture afin
de maintenir la fréquence d’images du projet. Dans le cas contraire, la lecture a lieu en
temps réel.
 Si le réglage Maintain Framerate est désactivé, chaque image est systématiquement lue. Si le niveau de lecture consomme beaucoup de ressources processeur,
le processus de lecture ralentit pour éviter la perte d’images. Dans le cas contraire,
la lecture peut en fait s’effectuer plus rapidement qu’en temps réel.
 Synchronize Refresh (slower) : l’activation de cette option permet d’éliminer les artefacts d’actualisation vidéo de l’image contrôlée (ceux-ci peuvent se présenter sous
la forme de « déchirures » de l’image vidéo). Cette option ne réduit que légèrement
les performances de lecture, ce qui résulte en une pénalité d’environ 1 ips.
Les paramètres ci-dessous utilisent des commandes de couleur miniatures qui fonctionnent comme celles décrites dans la section « Utilisation des commandes Color
Balance » à la page 209.
 Commande de couleur Grade Complete : couleur affichée dans la barre de rendu de
la timeline pour les plans auxquels le rendu a été appliqué. La couleur par défaut
est le vert.
 Commande de couleur Grade Cued : couleur affichée dans la barre de rendu de la
timeline pour les plans qui ont été ajoutés à la file d’attente de rendu, mais dont
le rendu n’a pas encore été effectué. La couleur par défaut est le jaune.
 Commande de couleur Grade Aborted : couleur affichée dans la barre de rendu de la
timeline pour les plans dont le rendu a été arrêté. La couleur par défaut est le rouge.Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration) 125
 Monochrome Scopes : l’activation de cette option permet de tracer les graticules
du vidéoscope avec une seule couleur (indiquée par l’option Scope Color ci-dessous). La plupart des coloristes préfèrent cet affichage pour éviter la fatigue visuelle.
Par ailleurs, cette option supprime l’affichage en couleur du vecteurscope. Ceux qui
souhaitent disposer d’un affichage en couleur dans les oscilloscopes ont également
la possibilité de définir le réglage UI Saturation sur une intensité moins élevée.
 Scope Color : cette commande de couleur vous permet de régler la couleur utilisée pour
tracer les graticules du vidéoscope lorsque l’option Monochrome Scopes est activée.
 Limit Shadow Adjustments : lorsque cette option est activée, une atténuation est
appliquée à la couleur Shadows et les réglages de contraste tels que les valeurs de
0 pour cent (noir pur) reçoivent 100 pour cent de la correction, tandis que les valeurs
de 100 pour cent (blanc pur) reçoivent 0 pour cent de la correction. Lorsque cette
option est désactivée, les réglages de la couleur Shadows et des commandes de contraste sont appliqués de façon uniforme à toute l’image.
 Show Control Surface Dialog : lorsque vous activez cette option, la zone de dialogue
Control Surface Startup s’ouvre immédiatement, vous permettant de choisir une surface de contrôle compatible avec Color pour votre travail. Tant qu’elle reste activée,
la zone de dialogue Control Surface Startup apparaît chaque fois que vous ouvrez
Color. Si vous ne disposez d’aucune surface de contrôle, désactivez cette option.
Utilisation des images de substitution
Si vous travaillez sur un projet utilisant des séquences d’images Cineon ou DPX, vous
pouvez faire appel à un mécanisme d’images de substitution pour améliorer l’efficacité
de votre travail à des résolutions élevées. Le mécanisme des images de substitution
dans Color n’est pas disponible pour les projets utilisant des données QuickTime.
 Enable Proxy Support : l’activation de ce bouton permet d’utiliser des données de
remplacement de résolution inférieure, appelées images de substitution, à la place
des données source de votre projet. L’emploi des images de substitution augmente
les performances de lecture, d’étalonnage et de rendu, même si les plans de votre
projet s’affichent avec un niveau de qualité inférieure. Les images de substitution
ne peuvent être utilisées qu’après avoir été générées. Pour en savoir plus sur la géné-
ration des images de substitution, consultez la section « Génération et suppression
d’images de substitution » à la page 126.
 Render Proxy : permet de choisir une résolution d’image de substitution pour le
rendu des données de sortie. Cette option peut être utile si vous souhaitez effectuer rapidement le rendu d’un ensemble de données pour tester la phase de
retour d’un flux de travaux « aller-retour ». La valeur par défaut de ce menu, qui
correspond à « Full Resolution », doit être conservée dans la plupart des cas.126 Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration)
 Grading Proxy : permet de choisir une résolution d’image de substitution à utiliser
lors du réglage des commandes dans l’un des studios. Cette option augmente l’interactivité de l’interface utilisateur et la vitesse à laquelle l’image sur laquelle vous travaillez est mise à jour lorsque vous réglez les différentes commandes d’étalonnage.
Lorsqu’un réglage est terminé, l’image s’affiche de nouveau en pleine résolution.
 Playback Proxy : permet de choisir une résolution d’image de substitution à utiliser lors de la lecture, ce qui augmente la fréquence d’images tout en réduisant
la qualité de l’image. Lorsque la lecture s’arrête, l’image s’affiche de nouveau en
pleine résolution.
Réglages relatifs à la lecture, au traitement et à la sortie
Les réglages ci-dessous ont une incidence sur la qualité et la vitesse de la lecture.
 Video Output : les options de ce menu local correspondent aux options de sortie
vidéo disponibles pour l’interface vidéo de diffusion installée sur votre ordinateur.
Choisissez Disabled pour désactiver toutes les options de sortie vidéo.
Remarque : actuellement, les aperçus Digital Cinema Desktop et les sorties Apple
FireWire ne sont pas disponibles pour contrôler les données de sortie provenant
de Color.
 Force RGB : Cette option est désactivée dans le cas des projets en définition standard.
ce réglage est conçu pour être utilisé lorsque vous travaillez avec des données source
Y´CB
CR
haute définition que vous contrôlez sur un moniteur de diffusion externe via
une interface vidéo de diffusion prise en charge. Il détermine comment les données
d’image RVB calculées en interne par Color sont converties en données d’image
Y´CB
CR
pour l’affichage :
 Si le réglage Force RGB est désactivé, cette conversion est effectuée par Color
dans le logiciel. Ce processus consomme des ressources processeur et peut aboutir à une réduction sensible des performances en temps réel.
 Si le réglage Force RGB est activé, Color envoie les données d’image RVB directement à l’interface vidéo de diffusion installée sur votre ordinateur et charge cette
dernière de la conversion à l’aide du matériel dédié. Ce processus allège la charge
de traitement de votre ordinateur. Il est recommandé pour optimiser les performances en temps réel.
Génération et suppression d’images de substitution
Pour utiliser des images de substitution pendant que vous travaillez sur votre projet,
vous devez d’abord générer pour ce dernier un ensemble de données d’images de
substitution dont la résolution est deux ou quatre fois inférieure.
 Pour générer un ensemble de données d’images de substitution pour votre projet,
choisissez File > Proxies > Generate Proxies.
 Pour supprimer toutes les images de substitution générées pour un projet, choisissez File > Proxies > Delete Proxies.Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration) 127
Lors du contrôle de données vidéo légalisées entre 0 et 100 IRE, il doit y avoir une différence minimale entre l’image affichée avec le réglage Force RGB activé et celle affichée avec ce même réglage désactivé.
Important : si le réglage Force RGB est activé, les valeurs chromatiques de super
blanc et hors gamme ne seront pas affichées par votre écran de diffusion et n’apparaîtront pas sur les vidéoscopes externes analysant la sortie de votre interface vidéo
de diffusion. Cette restriction affecte uniquement le processus de contrôle. Le traitement interne de l’image effectué par Color conserve ces données.
Par conséquent, les données d’image de super blanc seront toujours visibles sur
les oscilloscopes logiciels Color lorsqu’elles existent et les niveaux chromatiques
hors gamme et de super blanc non corrigés seront systématiquement conservés
lorsque vous exportez des données finales.
Si l’option Broadcast Safe est activée dans les réglages du projet, nous ne constaterez peut-être pas de différence dans l’affichage de ces valeurs « non autorisées »,
étant donné qu’elles sont limitées par Color.
 Disable Vid-Out During Playback : l’activation de cette option désactive la sortie vidéo
via votre interface de diffusion lors de la lecture. Lorsque la lecture est interrompue,
la sortie vidéo de l’image située au niveau de la tête de lecture est quand même assurée. Cela est utile si votre projet fait appel à un nombre d’effets tel que la lecture vidéo
est trop lente pour être efficace. Lorsque cette option est activée, vous pouvez effectuer des ajustements et contrôler l’image pendant que la lecture est interrompue, puis
visualiser le programme en mouvement via l’écran d’aperçu, qui permet généralement une lecture plus rapide.
 Update UI During Playback : l’activation de cette option permet la mise à jour dynamique des fenêtres sélectionnées de l’interface Color pendant la lecture du projet.
Elle actualise les commandes et les oscilloscopes lors de la lecture d’un niveau à un
autre, mais peut diminuer les performances de lecture. C’est pour cette raison qu’elle
est désactivée par défaut. Deux options sont disponibles :
 Update Primary Display : met à jour les principales commandes d’interface des
studios Primary, Secondaries, Color FX, Primary Out et Geometry. L’activation de
cette option vous permet de visualiser la modification des commandes d’un
niveau à un autre et la façon dont elles s’animent dans le cas de niveaux animés
avec des images clés.
 Update Secondary Display : met à jour la fenêtre Scopes. Cette option permet
de mettre à jour les vidéoscopes lors de la lecture. Lorsqu’elle est désactivée,
la lecture de l’aperçu vidéo se poursuit, mais les vidéoscopes disparaissent.128 Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration)
 Radial HSL Interpolation : ce réglage modifie la façon dont les ajustements de couleurs animés avec des images clés sont interpolés d’une teinte à une autre.
 Lorsque ce réglage est désactivé (état par défaut), les modifications de teinte associées à des images clés sont animées de façon linéaire, directement à partir d’un
point de la roue des couleurs vers un autre. Cela permet d’obtenir des réglages animés très directs et limite les cycles de couleurs non souhaités. Il s’agit de la méthode
utilisée par les systèmes DaVinci et Pogle pour l’animation des réglages de couleur.
 L’activation de ce réglage permet d’animer les modifications de teinte associées à
des images clés de façon radiale, les cycles de couleurs couvrant toutes les teintes
de la roue des couleurs comprises entre la teinte en cours et la teinte cible. Vous
obtenez ainsi des cycles de couleurs visibles si vous animez le remplacement d’une
teinte par une autre qui n’est pas directement adjacente sur la roue des couleurs.
Il s’agit de la méthode utilisée par Final Cut Pro lors de l’animation des réglages de
couleur dans les filtres Color Corrector standard et à trois voies.
Ajustement de la commande de couleurs
avec interpolation radiale activée
Ajustement de la commande de couleurs
avec interpolation radiale désactivéeChapitre 5 Setup (Configuration) 129
 Internal Pixel Format : l’option choisie dans ce menu local détermine la profondeur de
bits utilisée parColor pour le traitement interne de la couleur, à la fois lors de la lecture en temps réel et lors de la réalisation du rendu de la sortie finale. La profondeur
de bits correspond au nombre de bits par canal de couleur et décrit le nombre total
de valeurs utilisées pour afficher la plage de couleurs au moyen de chaque pixel d’une
image. Des profondeurs de bits plus élevées résultent en une image de qualité supé-
rieure, mais requièrent davantage de ressources processeur pour la lecture et le rendu.
 8-bit : profondeur de bits la plus faible à laquelle Color peut fonctionner et consommant le moins de ressources processeur.
 10-bit : profondeur de bits minimale recommandée pour les projets incorporant un
étalonnage secondaire et l’utilisation de vignettes, indépendamment de la source.
 12-bit : profondeur de bits supérieure qui est prise en charge par certaines cartes vidéo.
 16-bit : profondeur de bits de qualité optimale. Certains spécialistes jugent que le
format 16 bits en linéaire fournit une qualité équivalente au format 10 bits logarithmiques pour le travail effectué sur des images issues de la numérisation d’un film.
 Float : niveau optimal de qualité de traitement de l’image disponible dans Color.
Ce réglage fait appel à des opérations mathématiques en virgule flottante pour
enregistrer et calculer des données fractionnaires. Cela signifie que les valeurs
supérieures à 1 peuvent être utilisées pour enregistrer des données qui seraient
autrement arrondies vers le bas dans le cas des formats 8 bits, 10 bits, 12 bits et
16 bits donnant lieu à des opérations sur entiers uniquement. Étant donné que
le réglage Float correspond à une profondeur de bits consommant beaucoup
de ressources processeur, des délais de rendu plus longs sont à prévoir.
Remarque : le réglage Float n’est pas disponible lorsqu’on utilise une carte graphique NVidia.130 Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration)
? Conseil : selon les performances de votre système, il sera peut-être préférable de travailler à une profondeur de bits moins élevée pour optimiser les performances en
temps réel. Vous pourrez ensuite sélectionner la profondeur de bits souhaitée avant
d’effectuer le rendu de la sortie finale pour optimiser la qualité de l’image.
Correspondance entre la profondeur de bits et les données de canal
La plage réelle de valeurs utilisée par chaque canal pour chaque pixel à une profondeur de bits donnée se calcule en élevant le chiffre 2 à la puissance n, où n correspond à la profondeur de bits elle-même. Par exemple, la plage de valeurs utilisée
pour la couleur en 8 bits correspond à 2 à la puissance 8, soit 256 valeurs par canal.
La plage de valeurs correspondant à la couleur en 16 bits correspond à 2 à la puissance 10, soit 65 536 valeurs par canal.
Toutefois, cette explication n’est pas suffisante. La partie de la plage numérique disponible réellement utilisée dépend de l’encodage des données d’image.
 Full Range : les données d’image utilisant l’espace colorimétrique RVB encodent
chaque canal de couleur en faisant appel à toute la plage numérique disponible.
Cela signifie que les canaux de couleur vidéo 8 bits emploient une valeur comprise
dans la plage de 0 à 255 et que les canaux 10 bits utilisent une plage de 1 à 1 023.
 Studio Range : les données d’image vidéo 8 et 10 bits enregistrées au moyen de
l’espace colorimétrique Y´CB
CR
utilisent une plage de valeurs Studio Range pour
chaque canal. Cela signifie qu’un sous-ensemble de la plage réelle de valeurs disponibles est utilisé, de façon à laisser de la place pour le super noir et le super blanc
requis par la norme vidéo.
Par exemple, la luminance des données Y´CB
CR
8 bits utilise la plage de valeurs allant
de 16 à 236, de façon à ce que les plages 1 à 15 et 235 à 254 restent disponibles dans
le signal. La luminance des données Y´CB
CR
10 bits emploie la plage 64 à 940, laissant
disponibles les plages 4 à 63 et 941 à 1019.
En outre, les valeurs les plus faibles et les plus élevées sont réservées pour les données ne correspondant pas à des images, et les composants chromatiques (CB
et CR
)
utilisent des plages de valeurs plus étendues (16 à 240 pour la vidéo 8 bits et 64 à
960 pour la vidéo 10 bits).Chapitre 5 Setup (Configuration) 131
Réglages d’enregistrement automatique
Deux réglages vous permettent d’activer ou de désactiver l’enregistrement automatique dans Color.
 Auto Save Projects : cette option active l’enregistrement automatique.
 Auto Save Time (Minutes) : indique le délai en minutes s’écoulant avant le prochain
enregistrement du projet. Ce délai est réglé par défaut sur 5 minutes.
L’option d’enregistrement automatique enregistre uniquement le projet en cours. Elle
ne crée pas de copie archivée du projet. Pour en savoir plus sur la création et le rappel
d’archives, consultez la section « Enregistrement de projets et d’archives » à la page 85.6
133
6 Contrôle
Le matériel et les méthodes employés pour contrôler votre
travail sont essentiels à la production d’un résultat précis.
On n’insistera jamais assez sur l’importance d’un contrôle adéquat pour la correction
des couleurs. Ce chapitre traite des options de contrôle disponibles dans Color, notamment la configuration de la fenêtre Scopes, les options relatives à la sortie vidéo de diffusion, la génération et l’utilisation de tables de conversion en vue du calibrage et de la
simulation, ainsi que de la façon dont la sortie vidéo du studio Still Store est effectuée
pour le contrôle et l’évaluation.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Fenêtre Scopes (p. 133)
 Contrôle de la sortie vidéo de diffusion (p. 135)
 Utilisation des tables de conversion d’affichage (p. 138)
 Contrôle du magasin d’images fixes (Still Store) (p. 143)
Fenêtre Scopes
La façon la plus simple de contrôler votre travail dans Color est d’utiliser la fenêtre Scopes.
L’interface Color est constitué de deux fenêtres, celle-ci est la seconde. Vous pouvez configurer le logiciel Color pour qu’il utilise un ou deux écrans.
Si vous utilisez deux écrans, la fenêtre Scopes est visible sur le second, qu’elle occupe
à part entière. Si vous n’utilisez qu’un écran, celui-ci est partagé entre la fenêtre Scopes
et la fenêtre Color.134 Chapitre 6 Contrôle
Pour passer du mode d’affichage simple au mode double affichage (et inversement),
effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Cliquez sur Window > Single Display Mode ou Dual Display Mode.
m Appuyez simultanément sur Maj + 0 pour basculer d’un mode à l’autre.
La fenêtre Scopes offre un écran d’aperçu de l’image sur laquelle vous travaillez et
peut également afficher deux ou trois vidéoscopes supplémentaires pour faciliter
l’évaluation de cette image.
Écran d’aperçu
L’écran d’aperçu affiche soit l’image au niveau actuel de la tête de lecture dans la timeline,
telle qu’elle apparaît avec toutes les corrections apportées dans les différents studios (sauf si
vous avez sélectionné Grade > Disable Grade), soit l’image Still Store actuellement activée.
Quelle que soit l’image affichée dans l’écran d’aperçu, elle est reflétée dans l’écran
de diffusion connecté à la sortie vidéo de votre ordinateur. L’écran d’aperçu est également affecté par les tables de conversion que vous importez dans votre projet Color.
Remarque : la seule autre fois où l’image en cours n’est pas affichée, c’est lorsque
l’une des autres méthodes d’affichage secondaire est activée dans l’onglet Previews
du studio Secondaries. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Onglet Previews » à la
page 252.
L’écran d’aperçu de la fenêtre Scopes peut être affiché en mode plein écran ou
écran partiel.
Pour basculer entre l’affichage plein écran et l’affichage partiel de l’image d’aperçu :
m Double-cliquez sur l’aperçu dans la fenêtre Scopes.
m Toujours dans la fenêtre Scopes, cliquez sur l’image d’aperçu tout en maintenant
la touche Contrôle enfoncée ou bien cliquez sur cette image avec le bouton droit
de la souris, puis sélectionnez Full Screen dans le menu contextuel.Chapitre 6 Contrôle 135
Lorsque l’écran d’aperçu est en mode plein écran, tous les vidéoscopes sont masqués.
Vidéoscopes
Le nombre d’oscilloscopes pouvant être affichés dépend de la disposition utilisée pour
les fenêtres. Vous pouvez afficher deux vidéoscopes en mode d’affichage unique et trois
en mode double affichage. Pour en savoir plus, consultez le chapitre 8, « Vidéoscopes »,
à la page 167.
Contrôle de la sortie vidéo de diffusion
Pour garantir un contrôle optimal des programmes de diffusion, Color produit des
vidéos standard et haute définition à partir d’interfaces vidéo tierces prises en charge.
Les pilotes installés pour l’interface déterminent les résolutions, les profondeurs de bits
et les fréquences d’images disponibles pour créer une sortie sur un moniteur externe.
Pour activer le contrôle vidéo externe :
m Sélectionnez une option dans le menu local Video Output, depuis l’onglet User Prefs
du studio Setup.
Pour désactiver le contrôle vidéo externe :
m Sélectionnez l’option Disabled dans le menu local Video Output.
Choix de combinaisons de résolutions de programme et d’affichage
Idéalement, il est préférable de contrôler un programme dans sa résolution native (en
d’autres termes, dans la résolution de ses données source). Toutefois, Color s’efforce de
produire des sorties vidéo quelle que soit la résolution définie dans le menu local Video
Output de l’onglet User Prefs. Si la résolution définie dans le menu local Video Output
est différente de celle sélectionnée via l’option Resolution Preset, Color modifie automatiquement l’échelle de l’image de façon à adapter cette dernière à la taille de l’écran.
Utilisation de l’écran d’aperçu comme moniteur d’évaluation
Un certain nombre de facteurs détermine si l’écran d’aperçu de la fenêtre Scopes est
adapté à une utilisation en tant que moniteur d’évaluation, le plus important étant la
confiance que vous accordez à la qualité de votre écran d’aperçu.
Bon nombre d’utilisateurs choisissent d’utiliser l’écran d’aperçu comme moniteur d’évaluation, en particulier lors de l’étalonnage d’un film numérisé dans un flux de travaux 2K.
Vous devez toutefois veiller à utiliser un moniteur capable d’afficher la gamme de contrastes et de couleurs garantissant le niveau de précision requis par les normes applicables à votre installation. De plus, la réussite dépend d’un bon calibrage du moniteur,
associé à un profilage de couleur et à une simulation de la sortie de film éventuelle via
la gestion des tables de conversion, traitée ultérieurement dans ce chapitre.136 Chapitre 6 Contrôle
Profondeur de bits et contrôle
La profondeur de bits utilisée peut avoir un impact significatif sur la qualité de l’image
contrôlée. La profondeur de bits contrôlée dépend de trois facteurs :
 La profondeur de bits des données source
 La profondeur de bits sélectionnée dans le menu local Video Output
 La profondeur de bits sélectionnée dans le menu local Internal Pixel Format
La profondeur de bits des données source sur le disque est prédéterminée (en général
8 bits, 10 bits ou 10 bits log), ce qui évite de spécifier ou de sélectionner le format de
tournage ou de transfert initial. Dans la mesure où une faible profondeur de bits risque
d’entraîner un effet de bande et d’autres artefacts lors du processus de correction des
couleurs (en particulier lorsqu’il existe des dégradés), il est souvent préférable de traiter la vidéo avec une profondeur de bits plus élevée que celle des données source originales. Cette démarche est particulièrement bénéfique si vous utilisez des vignettes
et appliquez des corrections secondaires.
Color traite la vidéo et produit la sortie quelle que soit la profondeur de bits sélectionnée.
Néanmoins, la plupart des interfaces vidéo de diffusion ont une résolution maximale de
10 bits. Pour garantir une qualité optimale lors du contrôle, il convient de définir le réglage
Internal Pixel Format sur la profondeur de bits la plus élevée avec laquelle vous souhaitez
travailler, puis de s’assurer que le menu local Video Output est défini sur une option de
type 10 bits.
Remarque : le bruit de la vidéo et le grain de la pellicule réduisent souvent les types
d’artefacts causés par les opérations de correction des couleurs à des profondeurs de
bits faibles, c’est pourquoi les avantages liés à l’utilisation de profondeurs de bits plus
élevées ne sont pas toujours évident à l’œil nu.
Un contrôle effectué à une profondeur de bits élevée consomme une grande quantité
de ressources processeur et est susceptible de réduire vos performances en temps réel.
C’est pour cette raison que vous avez la possibilité de réduire la profondeur de bits lorsque vous travaillez, puis de la réaugmenter une fois que vous êtes prêt à afficher le
rendu de la sortie vidéo finale du projet.
Pour en savoir plus sur les options de contrôle disponibles dans l’onglet User Prefs, reportezvous à la section « Réglages relatifs à la lecture, au traitement et à la sortie » à la
page 126.Chapitre 6 Contrôle 137
Méthode de sélection d’un moniteur
Il est essentiel de choisir un moniteur adapté à l’évaluation critique du type d’image
étalonnée. Parmi le large éventail d’écrans de qualité proposés, vous pouvez choisir
entre des écrans CRT, une nouvelle génération d’écrans plats LCD et des vidéoprojecteurs haut de gamme utilisant diverses technologies.
Votre choix doit être effectué de façon réfléchie, en fonction de votre budget et de vos
besoins, mais les caractéristiques importantes à prendre en compte pour obtenir une
bonne évaluation des couleurs sont les suivantes :
 Compatibilité avec les formats vidéos à contrôler
 Compatibilité avec le signal vidéo à contrôler, tel que Y’PB
PR
, SDI, HD-SDI ou HDMI
 Niveaux de noir appropriés (c’est-à-dire que le noir uni ne doit pas ressembler à du gris)
 Une large gamme de contrastes
 Une luminosité adéquate
 Une température de couleur définissable par l’utilisateur
 Respect des normes d’espace colorimétrique Rec. 601 (SD) or 709 (HD) selon le cas
 Gamma correct (également défini par la norme Rec. 709)
 Commandes adaptées à un calibrage et un ajustement de qualité professionnelle
Remarque : pour toutes ces raisons, les téléviseurs et écrans grand public ne sont
généralement pas adaptés à un travail professionnel, même s’ils peuvent servir à prévisualiser l’aspect de votre programme sur le téléviseur de monsieur Tout le monde.
Méthode de configuration de l’environnement d’affichage
L’environnement dans lequel se trouve votre moniteur a lui aussi une incidence significative sur votre capacité à évaluer correctement l’image.
 L’écran ne doit pas être exposé à une source de lumière directe.
 L’éclairage ambiant de la pièce doit être tamisé et indirect et vous ne devez pas avoir
de source de lumière directe dans votre champ de vision.
 L’éclairage ambiant de la pièce doit correspondre à la température de couleur de
votre moniteur (6500K en Amérique du Nord, en Amérique du Sud et en Europe,
9300K en Asie).
 Vous devez disposer d’un éclairage indirect derrière le moniteur d’affichage, équivalente à 10 à 25 % de la luminosité du moniteur lorsqu’il affiche un blanc pur.
 La distance de visualisation idéale pour un moniteur est d’environ cinq fois la hauteur
verticale de l’écran.
 La couleur de la partie de la pièce qui fait partie de votre champ de vision doit être
d’un gris neutre.138 Chapitre 6 Contrôle
Ces précautions permettent d’éviter la fatigue visuelle et l’utilisation involontaire
de mauvaises couleurs. Elles ont également pour but d’optimiser la qualité de l’image
perçue à l’écran.
Calibrage régulier du moniteur
Pour finir, calibrez votre moniteur à intervalles réguliers. Pour obtenir une précision
maximale, certains moniteurs sont dotés d’une sonde intégrée capable de procéder
à un calibrage automatique. Sinon, vous pouvez faire appel à des sondes et des logiciels de calibrage de tierce partie pour réaliser les mêmes mesures. Dans un environnement consacré exclusivement à la diffusion, vous pouvez également avoir recours aux
procédures associées aux barres de couleurs standard auxquelles vous êtes habituées.
Ajustement de l’interface Color par rapport à l’environnement
de contrôle
L’interface Color est volontairement obscurcie de façon à réduire la quantité de lumière diffusée sur votre bureau. Pour atténuer encore davantage l’interface, le réglage UI Saturation,
disponible dans l’onglet User Prefs du studio Setup, vous permet de réduire la saturation de
la plupart des commandes des studios Primary In, Secondaries et Primary Out, ainsi que de
la couleur affichée par les vidéoscopes.
Utilisation des tables de conversion d’affichage
Color prend en charge l’utilisation de tables de conversion 3D pour le calibrage de votre
écran, de façon à ce qu’il respecte une norme de diffusion appropriée ou à simuler les
caractéristiques d’un appareil de sortie cible (par exemple, la façon dont l’image en cours
de correction apparaîtra une fois imprimée sur pellicule).
Color est représenté sur les écrans CRT, les écrans plats LCD, les vidéoprojecteurs et
les projecteurs de cinéma à l’aide de technologies très différentes. Si vous affichez une
image test identique sur deux types d’écrans (un écran de diffusion et un vidéoprojecteur, par exemple), vous pouvez être sûr que la couleur sera différente de l’un à l’autre.
Cette variation ne sera probablement pas visible pour un spectateur moyen mais, en
tant que coloriste, vous devez disposer d’un environnement d’affichage sans surprise
qui respecte les normes requises par le format utilisé. Vous devez également faire en
sorte que les changements demandés par un utilisateur qui visualise le programme
sur un écran affichant des couleurs incorrectes ne soient pas impossibles à résoudre.
Pour couronner le tout, il existe également des variations au sein d’une même catégorie d’appareils :
 Les moniteurs CRT de chaque fabricant utilisent des couches fluorescentes différentes.
 Les projecteurs numériques disponibles utilisent de nombreux types de systèmes
d’imagerie.
 Le film projeté est produit au moyen de diverses méthodes d’impression et pellicules.Chapitre 6 Contrôle 139
Tout cela résulte inévitablement en des variations de couleur importantes pour toute
image passant d’un environnement d’affichage à un autre. L’une des solutions à ce
problème est le calibrage à l’aide de tables de conversion.
Définition d’une table de conversion
Pour faire simple, une table de conversion est un ensemble précalculé de données qui
permet d’ajuster la couleur d’une image affichée avec la gamme et la chromaticité d’un
appareil A de façon à ce que cette image corresponde à ce à quoi elle ressemblerait
avec la gamme et la chromaticité d’un appareil B.
La gamme d’un appareil représente l’éventail complet de couleurs pouvant être affichées sur cet appareil. Certains types d’écrans sont capables d’afficher une gamme de
couleurs plus vaste que d’autres. Par ailleurs, chaque norme de vidéo et de film correspond à une gamme de couleurs différente. En conséquence, les couleurs facilement
représentées par un appareil d’imagerie ne le seront pas forcément par un autre appareil. Un film, par exemple, est capable de représenter bien plus de valeurs de couleurs
que la norme vidéo de diffusion.
La chromaticité fait référence aux valeurs exactes utilisées par un écran pour représenter chacune des trois couleurs primaires. Chaque écran utilise des valeurs primaires différentes. Celles-ci sont visibles dans un diagramme de chromaticité sur lequel les trois
couleurs primaires sont placées sous forme de points, par rapport à un graphique en
deux dimensions représentant la teinte et la saturation au sein du spectre visible. Étant
donné que toutes les couleurs représentées par un écran spécifique sont un mélange
des trois couleurs primaires, si les trois points primaires varient d’un écran à l’autre, la
gamme de couleurs entière est différente.
Même si le diagramme de chromaticité affiché ci-dessus est utile pour comparer des
écrans sur papier, pour vraiment représenter la teinte (couleur), la saturation (intensité
de la couleur) et la luminosité (luminance du noir au blanc) qui définissent une gamme
complète, vous devez utiliser un espace colorimétrique 3D.140 Chapitre 6 Contrôle
Lorsqu’elles sont extrudées en 3D, la gamme et la chromaticité des différents appareils
créent des formes différentes. Par exemple, l’espace colorimétrique RVB standard peut
être représenté par un simple cube (comme on peut le voir dans l’application ColorSync
Utility) :
Chaque angle du cube représente une combinaison différente des valeurs tristimulus R,
V et B qui correspondent à chaque couleur. L’angle de noir équivaut à (0,0,0), l’angle
de blanc opposé à (1,1,1), l’angle de bleu à (0,0,1), l’angle de rouge à (1,0,0), et ainsi
de suite. Toutefois, le cube de couleur RVB reste une abstraction idéalisée. Les appareils
d’affichage proprement dits présentent des formes bien différentes, définies par leur
propre gamme et chromaticité.
Transformer de façon précise la gamme d’un appareil pour l’adapter à celle d’un autre
appareil implique littéralement de projeter cette gamme dans une représentation 3D,
puis de modifier sa forme de façon mathématique jusqu’à ce qu’elle corresponde à
celle de l’autre appareil. Ce processus, appelé caractérisation d’un appareil, constitue
la méthode standard utilisée par le secteur de la colorimétrie. Une fois les données
calculées, la méthode de transformation est stockée sous la forme d’une table de
conversion 3D.
Une fois que vous avez effectué la caractérisation d’un appareil et calculé la table
de conversion nécessaire, vous avez fait la plus grosse partie du travail informatique.
La table de conversion peut alors être utilisée dans Color pour modifier l’image de
sortie sans que cela n’ait d’impact significatif sur les performances en temps réel.Chapitre 6 Contrôle 141
Cas d’utilisation d’une table de conversion
Les exemples suivants illustrent des cas où il est vivement conseillé d’utiliser des tables
de conversion :
 Si vous mettez en correspondance plusieurs écrans d’une même installation : les tables
de conversion peuvent être utiles pour calibrer plusieurs écrans de façon à ce qu’ils
répondent à un standard visuel commun, garantissant ainsi qu’un programme restera inchangé s’il est déplacé dans un autre studio.
 Si vous affichez une vidéo SD ou HD sur un moniteur de non-diffusion : vous pouvez
utiliser une table de conversion pour émuler l’espace colorimétrique Rec. 601 (SD)
or 709 (HD) et le réglage gamma adapté au standard vidéo affiché.
 Si vous affichez des images de vidéo ou de film à l’aide d’un vidéoprojecteur : vous pouvez utiliser une table de conversion pour calibrer votre appareil de façon à ce qu’il
corresponde, du mieux possible, à la gamme du standard de diffusion ou de film sur
lequel vous travaillez.
 Si vous étalonnez des images destinées à être imprimées sur pellicule : vous pouvez utiliser une table de conversion pour profiler les caractéristiques de l’appareil d’impression
et de la pellicule sur laquelle vous allez imprimer les données finales, afin d’obtenir une
image approximative du résultat projeté final pendant que vous travaillez.
Important : les tables de conversion ne remplacent pas un affichage haute qualité. En
particulier, elles n’améliorent en rien les noirs ternes, un intervalle de contrastes faibles
par nature ou une gamme trop étroite.
Cas où une table de conversion n’est pas utile
Si vous corrigez les couleurs d’une vidéo et contrôlez celle-ci à l’aide d’un écran de diffusion correctement calibré compatible avec le standard vidéo affiché, il n’est généralement pas nécessaire d’avoir recours à une table de conversion.
Génération de tables de conversion
Il existe plusieurs méthodes permettant de générer une table de conversion.
En créer une vous-même à l’aide d’un logiciel tiers
Il existe des applications tierces capables de « collaborer » avec les sondes du moniteur
pour analyser les caractéristiques d’écrans individuels, puis générer une table de conversion afin de parvenir à un rendu des couleurs le plus fidèle possible. Dans la mesure où les
réglages et les caractéristiques d’un moniteur varient au fil du temps, il est recommandé
d’effectuer un recalibrage régulier des écrans, toutes les semaines ou deux fois par mois.
Si vous créez une table de conversion pour ajouter un autre type d’écran doté de standards de diffusion (comme un projecteur numérique), vous devrez faire appel à des
logiciels supplémentaires pour modifier la table de conversion de calibrage afin qu’elle
corresponde aux caractéristiques requises par l’écran cible.142 Chapitre 6 Contrôle
Demander à quelqu’un d’en créer une pour vous
En amont de la chaîne numérique intermédiaire des flux de travaux de film, vous pouvez collaborer avec le laboratoire qui sera chargé de l’impression sur pellicule et avec
la société ayant conçu le logiciel de calibrage de votre moniteur pour créer des tables
de conversion personnalisées à partir des profils des appareils enregistreurs et pellicules utilisés spécifiquement pour votre projet.
Globalement, ce processus implique l’impression d’une image test sur pellicule au laboratoire, puis l’analyse de l’image obtenue en vue de générer une table de conversion cible
qui, associée à la table de conversion de calibrage de votre écran (créée à l’aide d’une
sonde de moniteur et d’un logiciel sur votre système), est utilisée pour générer une troisième table de conversion, celle employée par Color pour contrôler votre programme
pendant que vous travaillez.
Création de tables de conversion dans Color
Si nécessaire, vous pouvez faire correspondre deux moniteurs à l’œil nu à l’aide des
commandes du studio Primary In, puis générer une table de conversion pour émuler
le résultat directement en dehors de Color.
Vous pouvez également exporter une catégorie d’étalonnage sous forme d’une table
de conversion d’« aspect » pour voir de quelle façon une correction spécifique va affecter
une image enregistrée au format numérique alors qu’elle est filmée. Pour ce faire, l’équipe
doit utiliser un moniteur de proximité capable de charger des tables de conversion au
format .mga.
Pour créer votre propre table de conversion :
1 Disposez l’écran d’aperçu Color et le moniteur cible de façon à ce que les deux soient
visibles en même temps.
2 Chargez une image d’évaluation de bonne qualité (un graphique Macbeth, par exemple) dans la Timeline.
3 Affichez la même image sur l’écran cible à l’aide d’une deuxième source vidéo fiable.
4 Ouvrez le studio Primary In et ajustez les commandes de façon appropriée pour faire
correspondre les deux images.
5 Cliquez sur Export > Display LUT.
6 Quand la zone de dialogue Save LUT As s’affiche, saisissez un nom pour la table de
conversion dans le champ File, sélectionnez l’emplacement où enregistrer le fichier,
puis cliquez sur Save.
Par défaut, les tables de conversion sont enregistrées dans le répertoire /Utilisateurs/
nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application Support/Color/LUTs.
Important : si votre projet utilise déjà une table de conversion lorsque vous en exportez
une nouvelle, la table actuellement chargée est concaténée à partir des ajustements apportés et la combinaison obtenue est exportée en tant que nouvelle table de conversion.Chapitre 6 Contrôle 143
Utilisation de tables de conversion
Toutes les tables de conversion utilisées et générées par Color sont des tables 3D. Color
utilise le format de table de conversion .mga (initialement développé par Pandora), qui
est compatible, entre autres, avec les logiciels Rising Sun Research et Kodak. Si nécessaire, il existe également des applications capables de convertir les tables de conversion
d’un format vers un autre.
Les tables de conversion n’ont aucune incidence sur les performances de traitement.
Pour utiliser une table de conversion :
1 Cliquez sur File > Import > Display LUT.
2 Sélectionnez un fichier de table de conversion dans la zone de dialogue Load LUT,
puis cliquez sur Load.
Remarque : par défaut, les tables de conversion sont enregistrées dans le répertoire
/Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application Support/Color/LUTs.
La table de conversion prend immédiatement effet, elle modifie l’image telle qu’elle
apparaît sur les écrans d’aperçu et de diffusion. Une table de conversion chargée est
enregistrée dans les réglages du projet jusqu’à ce que vous la supprimiez spécifiquement de ce projet.
Pour ne plus utiliser une table de conversion :
m Cliquez sur File > Clear Display LUT.
Pour partager une table de conversion avec d’autres utilisateurs de Color, vous devez
leur fournir une copie du fichier de table de conversion. Pour plus de commodité, il est
préférable de placer tous les fichiers de table de conversion dans le répertoire /Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application Support/Color/LUTs.
Contrôle du magasin d’images fixes (Still Store)
Le Still Store vous permet d’enregistrer et de rappeler des images de différentes parties d’un projet, afin de les utiliser pour comparer des plans sur lesquels vous travaillez.
En fait, le Still Store est une mémoire tampon d’images grâce à laquelle vous pouvez
basculer entre l’image Still Store chargée et l’image actuelle au niveau de la tête de lecture. Vous pouvez soit afficher l’image entière, soit opter pour un écran divisé personnalisable par le biais duquel vous pouvez voir les deux images à la fois.
Lorsque vous activez le Still Store, l’image en plein écran ou en écran divisé est envoyée
à l’écran d’aperçu et à l’écran de diffusion. Pour revenir à un affichage contenant uniquement l’image située au niveau de la tête de lecture, vous devez désactiver le Still Store.
Les images Still Store activées sont analysées par les vidéoscopes et affectées par les
tables de conversion. Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation du Still Store, reportez-vous
au chapitre 16, « Magasin d’images fixes (Still Store) », à la page 355.7
145
7 Lecture, navigation et modification
du plan de montage
Le plan de montage fournit une interface qui permet de naviguer à l’intérieur du projet, de sélectionner les plans à
étalonner et de réaliser un montage limité.
Le plan de montage et le navigateur de plans (qui se trouve dans le studio Setup)
offrent tous deux la possibilité de visualiser les plans du projet. Toutefois, le navigateur
de plans permet de trier et d’organiser les plans de façon non linéaire, alors que le plan
de montage, lui, offre un affichage séquentiel correspondant à la chronologie des plans
de votre programme. Dans ce chapitre, vous apprendrez à vous servir du plan de montage pour lire les plans de votre programme et naviguer à l’intérieur de ce dernier et à
effectuer des montages simples.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Principaux éléments de l’interface utilisateur du plan de montage (Timeline) (p. 146)
 Personnalisation de l’interface du plan de montage (p. 148)
 Utilisation des pistes (p. 149)
 Sélection du plan actuel (p. 151)
 Lecture dans le plan de montage (p. 151)
 Navigation à l’intérieur du plan de montage (p. 154)
 Sélection de plans dans le plan de montage (p. 156)
 Utilisation des jeux d’étalonnage dans le plan de montage (p. 157)
 Onglets de réglages (p. 158)
 Contrôles et procédures de montage (p. 160)146 Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage
Principaux éléments de l’interface utilisateur du plan
de montage (Timeline)
Le plan de montage (ou « Timeline ») se divise en un certain nombre de pistes qui contiennent les plans, les jeux d’étalonnage et les images clés utilisés par votre programme.
 Barre de rendu : les barres de rendu ci-dessus indiquent si un plan a été rendu
(en vert) ou non (en rouge).
 Règle du plan de montage : elle fournit une échelle de temps pour le plan de montage (timeline). Si vous faites glisser le curseur à l’intérieur de la règle du plan de
montage, vous déplacez la tête de lecture et faites défiler le programme.
 Tête de lecture : elle indique la position de l’image actuellement affichée dans le plan
de montage. La position de la tête de lecture détermine également le plan sur lequel
le travail est actuellement effectué.
 Pistes vidéo et plans : chaque plan du programme est représenté à l’intérieur de l’une
des pistes vidéo qui se trouvent juste en dessous de la règle du plan de montage. Color
vous autorise à créer cinq pistes vidéo au maximum lorsque vous assemblez un projet
de nouvelle création. Toutefois, si vous travaillez sur un projet importé, toutes les pistes
vidéo superposées de ce dernier apparaîtront, quel que soit leur nombre.
Remarque : à l’heure actuelle, Color ne prend pas en charge les opérations de compositing. Lors de la lecture, les plans superposés sont prioritaires pour l’affichage par
rapport aux plans situés dans les pistes inférieures.
 Poignées de redimensionnement des pistes : il est possible de réduire ou d’augmenter
la taille des pistes en faisant glisser leurs poignées de redimensionnement vers le
haut ou vers le bas.
 Icône de verrouillage : l’icône de verrouillage indique si une piste a été verrouillée ou non.
 Piste des jeux d’étalonnage : il est possible d’appliquer jusqu’à quatre jeux d’étalonnage (grades) primaires à chaque plan. Color vous autorise à passer de l’une à l’autre.
Elles permettent d’obtenir un rapide aperçu des différents aspects que peut avoir un
même plan en fonction des jeux d’étalonnage appliqués, sans pour autant perdre le
résultat du travail effectué jusqu’alors. Les jeux d’étalonnage sont numérotés de 1 à 4.Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage 147
Chacun de ces quatre jeux d’étalonnage peut comprendre une ou plusieurs corrections Primary (primaires), Secondary (secondaires), Color FX (effets de couleur) et
Primary Out (primaires sur sortie). Par défaut, chacun d’entre eux apparaît avec une
seule barre d’étalonnage primaire, mais des barres de correction supplémentaires
s’affichent plus bas si vous avez effectué des ajustements dans l’un des autres studios qui correspondent au jeu d’étalonnage en question. Chaque barre est d’une
couleur différente.
 Barre P(rimary) : elle indique si une correction primaire a été appliquée.
 Barre S(econdary) : elle indique si une ou plusieurs corrections secondaires ont
été appliquées.
 Barre CFX (Color FX) : elle indique si une correction d’effet de couleur a été appliquée.
 Barre PO (Primary Out) : elle indique si une correction primaire a été appliquée sur
la sortie.
 Zone de suivi de l’animation : si vous ajoutez un marqueur de suivi de l’animation
à un plan et en faites le traitement, les points d’entrée et de sortie du marqueur de
suivi apparaissent dans cette zone, avec une barre verte figurant quelle proportion
du marqueur de suivi sélectionné a déjà été traitée. Si aucun suivi d’animation n’est
sélectionné sous l’onglet Tracking du studio Geometry, rien ne s’affiche dans cette
zone. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Onglet Tracking » à la page 345.
 Graphique d’image clé : cette piste contient à la fois les images clés et les courbes qui
interpolent le changement de la valeur d’une image clé à une autre. Pour en savoir
plus sur la conversion des corrections et des effets en images clés, reportez-vous au
chapitre 14, « Images clés », à la page 323.148 Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage
Personnalisation de l’interface du plan de montage
Il existe plusieurs façons de personnaliser l’interface visuelle du plan de montage.
Pour changer les unités de la réglette de la Timeline, effectuez l’une des opérations
suivantes :
m Cliquez sur l’onglet du studio Setup, puis sur l’onglet User Prefs. Ensuite, cliquez sur
le bouton Frames (images), Seconds (secondes), Minutes ou Hours (heures) correspondant aux unités que vous souhaitez utiliser.
m Appuyez sur l’une des touches suivantes :
 Appuyez sur F pour modifier l’affichage de sorte qu’il indique les images.
 Appuyez sur S pour modifier l’affichage de sorte qu’il indique les secondes.
 Appuyez sur M pour modifier l’affichage de sorte qu’il indique les minutes.
 Appuyez sur H pour modifier l’affichage de sorte qu’il indique les heures.
Par ailleurs, l’onglet User Prefs du studio Setup contient d’autres options qui permettent de changer le mode d’affichage des plans dans le plan de montage.
Pour personnaliser le mode d’affichage des plans dans le plan de montage :
1 Cliquez sur l’onglet du studio Setup, puis sur l’onglet User Prefs.
2 Activez ou désactivez les options suivantes :
 Show Shot’s Name : si vous activez cette option, le nom de chaque plan s’affiche dans
le plan de montage.
 Show Shot’s Number : si vous activez cette option, le numéro de chaque plan s’affiche
dans le plan de montage.
 Show Shot’s Beauty Frame : si vous activez cette option, des vignettes à image unique
apparaissent à l’intérieur de chacun des plans qui se trouvent dans le plan de montage.
Vous pouvez aussi redimensionner les pistes du plan de montage, c’est-à-dire les agrandir ou les réduire, selon vos préférences. Il est possible de redimensionner les pistes vidéo,
la piste des jeux d’étalonnage et le graphique des images clés de façon individuelle.Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage 149
Pour redimensionner toutes les pistes vidéo, la piste des jeux d’étalonnage ou
le graphique des images clés :
m Faites glisser la poignée centrale de la barre de couleur grise située au bas de n’importe
laquelle des pistes du plan de montage jusqu’à ce que la hauteur de toutes les pistes
soient celle que vous souhaitez.
Pour redimensionner une piste particulière :
m Appuyez sur la touche Maj et maintenez-la enfoncée, puis faites glisser la poignée centrale de la barre de couleur grise située au bas de la piste que vous voulez redimensionner jusqu’à ce que cette dernière ait la hauteur souhaitée.
Remarque : la prochaine fois que vous redimensionnerez toutes les pistes vidéo en
même temps, la taille des pistes redimensionnées individuellement sera modifiée
afin de correspondre à celle qui viendra d’être ajustée.
Utilisation des pistes
Cette section décrit les différentes façons de changer l’état des pistes dans le plan
de montage lorsque vous travaillez.
Pour verrouiller ou déverrouiller une piste :
m Cliquez n’importe où à l’intérieur d’une piste tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle
enfoncée ou cliquez n’importe où à l’intérieur d’une piste avec le bouton droit de la
souris, puis choisissez l’une des options suivantes :
 Lock Track : cette option verrouille tous les plans pour empêcher leur déplacement
ou leur modification.
 Unlock Track : cette option autorise le déplacement et le montage des plans.
Remarque : les pistes des projets XML importés sont automatiquement verrouillées.
Si l’on souhaite obtenir des résultats optimaux lors d’une conversion en boucle, il est
préférable de ne pas déverrouiller ces pistes.
m150 Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage
Pour afficher ou masquer les pistes :
m Cliquez n’importe où à l’intérieur d’une piste tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle
enfoncée ou cliquez n’importe où à l’intérieur d’une piste avec le bouton droit de la
souris, puis choisissez l’une des options suivantes :
 Hide Track : cette option désactive la piste en question de sorte que les plans superposés ne se voient pas et ne puissent pas être sélectionnés lors du passage de la tête
de lecture.
 Show Track : cette option rétablit la visibilité de la piste. Les plans superposés sont
affichés en priorité par rapport aux plans situés dans les pistes inférieures et sont
sélectionnés par défaut chaque fois que la piste est visible.
Remarque : le réglage Reverse Track Ordering de l’onglet Prjct Settings du studio Setup
détermine si les pistes et les plans superposés apparaissent au premier plan ou se situent
à des niveaux inférieurs. Si vous activez l’option Reverse Track Ordering, le mode d’affichage des pistes vidéo superposées est le même que celui utilisé par Final Cut Pro.
? Conseil : avant d’exporter un projet depuis Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez exporter une
séquence QuickTime autonome correspondant à l’ensemble du programme et la
superposer aux autres plans de votre séquence montée. Ensuite, une fois le projet
exporté dans Color, vous pouvez activer ou désactiver cette version « de référence »
du programme à l’aide de la visibilité des pistes chaque fois que vous souhaitez examiner les effets ou les corrections de couleurs qui ont été créés lors du montage off line.
Pour ajouter une piste :
m Cliquez n’importe où à l’intérieur d’une piste tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle
enfoncée ou cliquez n’importe où à l’intérieur d’une piste avec le bouton droit de la
souris, puis choisissez New Track dans le menu contextuel.
Pour supprimer une piste :
m Cliquez n’importe où à l’intérieur d’une piste tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle
enfoncée ou cliquez n’importe où à l’intérieur d’une piste avec le bouton droit de la
souris, puis choisissez Remove Track dans le menu contextuel.
Remarque : il n’est pas possible de supprimer la piste du bas.Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage 151
Sélection du plan actuel
Le plan sur lequel se trouve la tête de lecture devient le plan actuel. Le plan actuel est
celui qui est ajusté chaque fois que vous manipulez l’un des contrôles qui se trouvent
dans les studios Primary In, Secondary, Color FX, Primary Out ou Geometry. Il ne peut y
avoir qu’un seul plan actuel à la fois. Le plan actuel est le seul plan mis en surbrillance
en gris clair.
Lors du déplacement de la tête de lecture le long du plan de montage, les contrôles et
les paramètres de tous les studios sont automatiquement mis à jour pour refléter le jeu
d’étalonnage utilisé pour le plan actuel déterminé par la position de la tête de lecture.
Pour qu’un plan particulier du plan de montage devienne le plan actuel, effectuez
l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Double-cliquez sur ce plan dans le plan de montage.
m Déplacez la tête de lecture jusqu’à ce plan.
Remarque : lorsque vous double-cliquez sur un plan, le plan de montage se déplace
de sorte que le plan sélectionné se trouve en son centre et devienne le plan actuel.
Lecture dans le plan de montage
En général, la lecture dans Color sert à obtenir un aperçu des répercussions des diverses corrections sur l’apparence du plan lorsque celui-ci est animé ou à connaître l’effet
de plusieurs jeux d’étalonnage appliqués à un groupe de plans lorsque ceux-ci sont lus
en séquence. C’est la raison pour laquelle le fonctionnement de la lecture dans Color
diffère quelque peu de celui d’autres applications telles que Final Cut Pro.
Dans Color, la lecture se limite toujours à la zone du plan de montage située entre le point
d’entrée et le point de sortie. Si la tête de lecture se trouve dans cette zone, la lecture commence à partir du plan sur lequel la tête de lecture est située et se termine au point de sortie. Si la tête de lecture se trouve hors de cette zone, elle vient automatiquement se placer
sur le point d’entrée lorsque vous commencez la lecture. Ceci permet d’accélérer le processus de lecture en boucle de scènes ou de plans particuliers du plan de montage, qui
se répète souvent lors de la correction de couleurs.152 Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage
Démarrage et arrêt de la lecture
Les contrôles ci-dessous permettent de commencer et d’interrompre la lecture
du programme.
Pour lire le programme, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Cliquez sur le bouton Play Forward (lecture avant) ou sur le bouton Play Backward
(lecture arrière).
m Appuyez sur la barre d’espace.
m Appuyez sur la touche J pour lire le programme en arrière ou sur la touche L pour
le lire vers l’avant.
Important : à partir du moment où la lecture a commencé, vous vous trouvez dans
un mode dans lequel il n’est pas possible de travailler avec les contrôles de Color,
et ce jusqu’à l’arrêt de la lecture.
Pour interrompre la lecture du programme, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Appuyez sur la barre d’espace lors de la lecture du programme.
m Appuyez sur la touche Échap.
m Appuyez sur la touche K.
Choix du mode de lecture
Le mode de lecture permet de choisir entre deux possibilités : soit les points d’entrée
et de sortie changent automatiquement de façon à correspondre à la durée du plan
actuel chaque fois que vous déplacez la tête de lecture, soit leur écart reste fixe et
représente une plus grande partie de votre programme.
Mode Shot
Le mode Shot (plan) est le mode de lecture par défaut. Chaque fois que la tête de lecture se déplace sur un nouveau plan, les points d’entrée et de sortie qui apparaissent
dans le plan de montage changent automatiquement de façon à correspondre aux
points d’entrée et de sortie définis dans le projet pour le plan sélectionné. Par consé-
quent, la lecture se limite uniquement à ce plan. Si l’option Loop Playback est activée,
la tête de lecture se déplacera en boucle sur le plan actuel tant que la lecture ne sera
pas interrompue.
Color et JKL
Color comprend une implémentation partielle des contrôles de lecture JKL qui sont si
utiles dans certaines autres applications de montage. Toutefois, les avantages les plus
significatifs de JKL, tels que le ralenti et la lecture image-par-image, ne sont pas pris
en charge.Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage 153
Remarque : vous avez toujours la possibilité de cliquer sur d’autres plans dans le plan
de montage pour les sélectionnez, mais les points d’entrée et de sortie ne changent
pas tant que vous ne déplacez pas la tête de lecture jusqu’à un autre plan.
Mode Movie
Lorsque vous entrez pour la première fois dans le mode Movie (film), le point d’entrée qui
apparaît dans le plan de montage correspond à la première image du premier plan du
plan de montage, et le point de sortie à la dernière image du dernier plan. Ceci vous permet de lire autant de plans que vous le souhaitez et donc de visionner des scènes entiè-
res de votre projet. Lorsque vous êtes dans le mode Movie, vous pouvez aussi définir vos
propres points d’entrée et de sortie de sorte qu’ils soient placés où bon vous semble et
qu’ils ne soient pas actualisés lorsque vous déplacez la tête de lecture sur un autre plan.
Placement de vos propres points d’entrée et de sortie
Quel que soit le mode de lecture que vous ayez choisi, vous avez toujours la possibilité
de définir manuellement de nouveaux points d’entrée et de sortie où que vous le souhaitiez. Si vous définissez vos propres points d’entrée et de sortie, le mode de lecture
passe automatiquement au mode Movie.
Pour basculer d’un mode de lecture à l’autre, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Choisissez Timeline > Toggle Playback Mode.
m Appuyez sur Maj + Contrôle + M.
Pour personnaliser la durée de la lecture :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture jusqu’au point d’entrée souhaité, puis appuyez sur la touche I.
2 Déplacez la tête de lecture jusqu’au point de sortie souhaité, puis appuyez sur la touche O.
Lecture en boucle
Si l’option Loop Playback (lecture en boucle) est activée, la tête de lecture revient automatiquement au point d’entrée chaque fois qu’elle atteint le point de sortie lors de la lecture.
Pour activer la lecture en boucle :
1 Cliquez sur l’onglet du studio Setup, puis sur l’onglet User Prefs.
2 Cliquez sur le bouton Loop Playback pour activer la lecture en boucle.154 Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage
Respect de la fréquence d’images
Le réglage Maintain Framerate qui se trouve dans l’onglet User Prefs du studio Setup
permet de spécifier si une perte d’images doit ou non avoir lieu afin de maintenir la
fréquence d’images du projet pendant la lecture.
 Si le réglage Maintain Framerate est activé (par défaut), la fréquence d’images du plan
actuel est respectée quel que soit la charge de travail supportée par le processeur. Si le
jeu d’étalonnage choisi pour le plan en cours de lecture requiert une grande quantité
de ressources processeur, certaines images seront ignorées pendant la lecture afin de
maintenir la fréquence d’images du projet. Sinon, la lecture se déroule en temps réel.
 Si Maintain Framerate est désactivé, toutes les images sont lues dans tous les cas. Si
le jeu d’étalonnage en cours de lecture requiert une grande quantité de ressources
processeur, la lecture sera ralentie pour éviter la perte d’images. Sinon, il est possible
que la lecture soit plus rapide que la normale.
Navigation à l’intérieur du plan de montage
Les contrôles indiqués ci-dessous permettent de naviguer à l’intérieur du programme
qui se trouve dans le plan de montage, en le faisant défiler, en effectuant des zooms
avant et des zooms arrière et en déplaçant la tête de lecture d’un plan à un autre.
Pour effectuer un zoom avant ou un zoom arrière sur un plan se trouvant dans le
plan de montage :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture jusqu’à l’endroit du plan de montage que vous souhaitez
agrandir.
2 Placez le curseur à l’intérieur du plan de montage, puis effectuez l’une des opérations
suivantes :
 Pour effectuer un zoom avant, choisissez Timeline > Zoom In ou appuyez simultané-
ment sur la touche Commande et sur la touche – (moins).
 Pour effectuer un zoom arrière, choisissez Timeline > Zoom Out ou appuyez simultanément sur la touche Commande et sur la touche = (égal).
Remarque : vous pouvez aussi vous servir des touches + et – du pavé numérique pour
faire un zoom sur le plan de montage.
L’ampleur maximale du zoom avant dépend de l’unité définie pour l’affichage de la règle
du plan de montage. Inversement, plus l’unité définie pour l’affichage dans le plan de
montage est grande, plus les possibilités de zoom arrière sont importantes. Par exemple,
vous pouvez obtenir davantage de recul avec le zoom arrière, afin de voir un plus grand
nombre de plans en même temps dans le plan de montage, lorsque la règle du plan de
montage est définie à Minutes que lorsqu’elle est définie à Frames.Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage 155
Lorsque le nombre de pistes qui peuvent être affichées est supérieur au nombre de pistes qu’il est possible de visualiser en même temps dans le plan de montage, des petites flèches blanches apparaissent en haut, en bas, ou en haut et en bas pour montrer
qu’il y a d’autres pistes dans la direction indiquée qui n’apparaissent pas pour l’instant.
Dans ce cas, vous pouvez faire défiler le plan de montage verticalement à l’aide
du bouton central de la souris.
Pour faire défiler le plan de montage horizontalement ou verticalement sans déplacer la tête de lecture :
m Cliquez sur le plan de montage avec le bouton central de la souris, puis faites glisser
vers la gauche, vers la droite, vers le haut ou vers le bas.
m Pour un défilement plus rapide, appuyez sur la touche Option et maintenez-la enfoncée,
puis cliquez sur le plan de montage avec le bouton central de la souris et faites glisser.
Pour déplacer la tête de lecture d’un plan à un autre, effectuez l’une des opérations
suivantes :
m Faites-la glisser à l’intérieur de la règle du plan de montage pour faire défiler les plans.
m Appuyez sur la touche Flèche vers le haut pour déplacer la tête de lecture jusqu’à la première image du plan suivant situé à sa gauche.
m Appuyez sur la touche Flèche vers le bas pour déplacer la tête de lecture jusqu’à la première image du plan suivant situé à sa droite.
m Cliquez sur le bouton Next Shot (plan suivant) ou sur le bouton Previous Shot (plan
précédent).
Il est également possible de déplacer la tête de lecture d’une seule image à la fois.
Pour déplacer la tête de lecture d’une image à l’image suivante, effectuez l’une des
opérations suivantes :
m Appuyez sur la touche Flèche gauche pour aller à l’image précédente.
m Appuyez sur la touche Flèche droite pour passer à l’image suivante.
Pour aller à la première image du projet :
m Appuyez sur la touche Début.
Pour aller à la dernière image du projet :
m Appuyez sur la touche Fin.156 Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage
Sélection de plans dans le plan de montage
Il existe certaines opérations, telles que la copie des corrections Primary, qui peuvent
être effectuées sur des groupes sélectionnés de plans. Color a recours à des méthodes
standard pour sélectionner un ou plusieurs plans dans le plan de montage.
Remarque : vous pouvez également sélectionner des plans à l’aide du navigateur de
plans. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Le navigateur de plans » à la page 109.
Pour sélectionner un plan dans le plan de montage :
m Cliquez sur le plan souhaité.
Les plans sélectionnés apparaissent dans le plan de montage avec une mise en surbrillance
de couleur cyan.
Pour sélectionner plusieurs plans successifs :
1 Cliquez sur le premier plan de la plage de plans que vous souhaitez sélectionner.
2 Appuyez sur la touche Maj et maintenez-la enfoncée, puis cliquez sur un autre plan
choisi en tant que dernier plan de la plage à sélectionner.
Tous les plans qui se trouvent entre le premier et le second plans sélectionnés sont
eux aussi sélectionnés.
Pour sélectionner plusieurs plans qui ne se suivent pas dans le plan de montage :
m Appuyez sur la touche Contrôle et maintenez-la enfoncée, puis cliquez sur autant
de plans que vous le souhaitez dans le plan de montage.Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage 157
Pour désélectionner des plans dans le plan de montage :
m Sélectionnez un plan non sélectionné auparavant pour annuler la sélection actuelle.
m Cliquez sur une zone vide du plan de montage.
Utilisation des jeux d’étalonnage dans le plan de montage
Il est possible d’appliquer à chacun des plans qui se trouvent dans le plan de montage
l’un des quatre jeux d’étalonnage qui apparaissent dans la piste des jeux d’étalonnage.
Ces quatre jeux d’étalonnage vous permettent de stocker différents aspects pour un
même plan. Par exemple, si vous avez créé un jeu d’étalonnage satisfaisant, mais que
vous ou votre client souhaitez essayer « autre chose », vous pouvez faire des essais pour
obtenir jusqu’à trois autres aspects différents, tout en sachant que vous pouvez instantanément revenir à l’aspect initial si c’est finalement celui que vous préférez.
Un plan ne peut être modifié que par un seul jeu d’étalonnage à la fois. Le jeu d’étalonnage sélectionné dans le plan de montage est celui que vous verrez dans l’affichage
Preview (aperçu) ou dans l’affichage Broadcast (diffusion). Tous les jeux d’étalonnage
qui ne sont pas sélectionnés sont désactivés. Pour en savoir plus sur la création et la
gestion des jeux d’étalonnage, reportez-vous au chapitre 13, « Gestion des corrections
et des jeux d’étalonnage », à la page 299.
Par défaut, chaque plan d’un nouveau projet n’est muni au départ que d’un seul jeu
d’étalonnage vide, mais vous pouvez en ajouter un autre à tout moment.
Pour ajouter un nouveau jeu d’étalonnage à un plan, effectuez l’une des opérations
suivantes :
m Déplacez la tête de lecture jusqu’au plan auquel vous souhaitez ajouter un nouveau
jeu d’étalonnage, puis appuyez sur Contrôle + 1 à 4.
m Cliquez tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée ou cliquez avec le bouton
droit de la souris sur le jeu d’étalonnage auquel vous souhaitez passer, puis choisissez
Add New Grade dans le menu contextuel.158 Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage
S’il n’existe pas déjà un jeu d’étalonnage portant le même numéro que celui que vous
avez saisi, un nouveau jeu est créée. Chaque fois qu’un nouveau jeu d’étalonnage est
ajouté, la taille de la piste des jeux d’étalonnage augmente et le nouveau jeu est sélectionné. Les nouveaux jeux d’étalonnage sont dénués de tout réglage et permettent de
commencer à travailler à partir de l’état original du plan non étalonné.
Pour sélectionner le jeu d’étalonnage en vigueur :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture jusqu’au plan dont vous souhaitez changer le jeu d’étalonnage.
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Cliquez sur le jeu d’étalonnage auquel vous souhaitez passer.
 Appuyez sur Contrôle + 1 à 4.
 Cliquez tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée ou cliquez avec le bouton
droit de la souris sur le jeu d’étalonnage auquel vous souhaitez passer, puis choisissez Select Grade X dans le menu contextuel, X étant le numéro du jeu d’étalonnage
que vous sélectionnez.
Le plan qui est affiché dans le plan de montage est mis à jour avec le jeu d’étalonnage
qui vient d’être sélectionné.
Pour réinitialiser un jeu d’étalonnage du plan de montage :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture jusqu’au plan dont vous souhaitez changer le jeu d’étalonnage.
2 Dans la piste des jeux d’étalonnage du plan de montage, cliquez tout en maintenant
la touche Contrôle enfoncée ou cliquez avec le bouton droit de la souris sur le jeu
d’étalonnage que vous souhaitez réinitialiser, puis choisissez Reset Grade X dans le
menu contextuel (X étant le numéro du jeu d’étalonnage).
Lorsque vous réinitialisez un jeu d’étalonnage, tous les studios qui lui sont associés
sont également réinitialisés, y compris les studios Primary In, Secondary, Color FX, et
Primary Out. Le studio Geometry, lui, reste inchangé.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez le chapitre 13, « Gestion des corrections et des jeux
d’étalonnage », à la page 299.
Onglets de réglages
Les onglets de réglages (Settings) indiquent les propriétés du plan sur lequel se trouve
actuellement la tête de lecture. Certaines de ces propriétés peuvent être modifiées,
d’autres non.Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage 159
Onglet Settings 1
Les relatives au chronométrage répertoriées dans cet onglet ne peuvent pas être modifiées. Elles dépendent en effet de la position de chaque plan dans le plan de montage
et des propriétés des données source auquel chaque plan est lié.
 Project In et Project Out : ces réglages définissent l’emplacement du plan dans le plan
de montage.
 Trim In et Trim Out : ces réglages définissent la partie des données source qui est effectivement utilisée dans le projet par rapport à la durée totale disponible du fichier de
données source qui se trouve sur le disque. Les timecodes Trim In et Trim Out ne peuvent pas être en dehors de la plage des paramètres Source In et Source Out.
 Source In et Source Out : ces réglages définissent le point de début et le point de fin
des données source originales qui se trouvent sur le disque. Si la valeur de Trim In
est égale à celle de Source In et que la valeur de Trim Out est égale à celle de Source
Out, il n’y a aucune poignée non utilisée disponible dans les données source du disque. Vous utilisez toutes les données disponibles.
 Menu local de Frame Rate : le menu local vous permet de définir la fréquence d’images de chaque plan. Ce réglage annule le réglage de fréquence d’images de l’onglet
Project Settings. Pour la plupart des projets qui utilisent des données source au format QuickTime, le réglage par défaut ne devrait pas être modifié. Dans le cas des
projets qui utilisent des séquences d’images DPX comme données source, le menu
local vous permet de modifier une fréquence d’images incorrecte dans les données
d’en-tête des fichiers DPX.
Onglet Settings 2
Ce deuxième onglet contient des réglages supplémentaires permettant de modifier
les données d’en-tête des fichiers image DPX.
 Override Header Settings : s’il est activé, ce réglage annule les réglages suivants relatifs à l’en-tête DPX du plan actuel.
 Log : ce réglage vous permet d’activer ou de désactiver la conversion des images
du mode logarithmique au mode linéaire que Color effectue automatiquement
pour les fichiers DPX et Cineon logarithmiques 10 bits.
 Printing Density : ce menu local ne peut être sélectionné que lorsque le projet en
cours est réglé pour utiliser les séquences d’images Cineon ou DPX. Il vous permet
de choisir explicitement la plage numérique des valeurs qui sont utilisées pour traiter la couleur de façon à assurer la compatibilité avec votre flux de données (« pipeline ») de postproduction. Ces options déterminent le réglage des points noir et
blanc dans les données dont le rendu est effectué par Color. Trois options sont
disponibles :
 Film (95 Black – 685 White : Logarithmic)
 Video (65 Black – 940 White : Linear)
 Linear (0 Black – 1023 White)160 Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage
Important : le point noir par défaut, pour les numérisations de films DPX, est en
général de 95, tandis que le point blanc par défaut dans le même cas est en général
de 685. Il est important de vérifier que les réglages de point noir et de point blanc ne
contiennent pas des valeurs aberrantes. Consultez le laboratoire pour vérifier que les
réglages sont appropriés.
 DeInterlace : si vous activez cette option à l’aide du bouton correspondant, vous avez
la possibilité de désentrelacer chaque plan séparément. Ce réglage annule les réglages Deinterlace Renders et Deinterlace Previews de l’onglet Project Settings. Lorsque
DeInterlace est activé, la moyenne des deux champs vidéo est utilisée pour leur union
en une seule image.
Contrôles et procédures de montage
Color n’a pas été conçu en tant qu’environnement de montage. C’est la raison pour
laquelle le jeu d’outils de montage mis à votre disposition n’est pas aussi complet que
celui d’une application telle que Final Cut Pro. D’ailleurs, dans la plupart des cas, il est
recommandé de veiller à n’apporter absolument aucune modification au montage de
votre projet dans Color, et ce pour plusieurs raisons :
 Le déverrouillage des pistes des projets qui ont été importés au format XML ou
envoyés depuis Final Cut Pro et qui doivent ultérieurement retourner à Final Cut Pro
risque de bouleverser les données du projet et d’empêcher un renvoi réussi de ce
dernier à Final Cut Pro.
 Si vous modifiez le montage d’un projet envoyé depuis Final Cut Pro, vous ne pourrez
renvoyer à Final Cut Pro qu’une version simplifiée de ce projet contenant uniquement les
plans et les transitions de la piste V1 et les réglages Pan and Scan du studio Geometry.
 Si vous importez une liste de montage et modifiez le montage, vous pouvez exporter depuis Color une autre liste de montage reflétant vos modifications. Toutefois,
celle-ci contiendra uniquement les plans et les transitions de la piste V1.
 Si le projet que vous importez est synchronisé avec un mixage audio, toutes les modifications que vous apportez au montage risquent de rompre la synchronisation audio.
Toutefois, si vous travaillez sur un projet pour lequel les questions ci-dessus n’ont
aucune importance, vous pouvez vous servir des commandes et des outils indiqués
ci-dessous pour monter des plans une fois les pistes correspondantes déverrouillées
dans le plan de montage.
? Conseil : si vous devez modifier le montage, vous avez toujours la possibilité de monter
à nouveau la séquence originale dans Final Cut Pro, d’exporter un nouveau fichier XML,
puis de vous servir de la commande Reconform pour mettre à jour le plan de montage
de Color de sorte qu’il tienne compte des modifications apportées.Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage 161
Outil Select
L’outil Select (sélection) est l’état par défaut du pointeur dans Color. Comme son nom
l’indique, cet outil permet de sélectionner des plans dans le plan de montage, de les
déplacer jusqu’à un autre endroit du montage ou de les supprimer.
Il est recommandé de sélectionner à nouveau l’outil de sélection immédiatement après
avoir fait une coupe avec tout autre outil pour être sûr de ne pas continuer à apporter
des modifications au plan de montage sans le vouloir.
Pour modifier la position d’un plan dans le plan de montage :
m Faites glisser le plan jusqu’à un autre endroit du plan de montage.
Lorsque vous déplacez un plan à l’intérieur du plan de montage, sa position finale
dépend de la relation entre son point d’entrée et les plans qui se trouvent déjà à la
position souhaitée. Dans Color, les plans déplacés n’écrasent jamais d’autres plans.
Au lieu de cela, ces derniers sont déplacés dans le plan de montage pour laisser suffisamment de place au plan à insérer, ce qui produit une mise à jour automatique de
tous les points de montage du programme.
 Si vous positionnez le point d’entrée du plan déplacé dans la première moitié d’un
autre plan, le plan que vous déplacez sera inséré au point d’entrée de cet autre plan,
ce qui aura pour effet de déplacer tous les autres plans qui se trouvent dans le plan
de montage vers la droite pour lui faire de la place.
 Si vous positionnez le point d’entrée du plan déplacé dans la seconde moitié d’un
autre plan, le plan que vous déplacez sera inséré après le point de sortie de cet autre
plan, ce qui aura pour effet de déplacer tous les autres plans qui se trouvent dans
le plan de montage vers la droite pour lui faire de la place.
 Si vous déplacez le plan jusqu’à un endroit du plan de montage de telle sorte qu’il
ne chevauche aucun autre plan, il se retrouve tout simplement à l’endroit souhaité
sans qu’aucun déplacement des autres plans ne se produise.
Pour supprimer un plan du plan de montage :
1 Sélectionnez un ou plusieurs plans dans le plan de montage.
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Appuyez sur la touche Supprimer.
 Appuyez sur Forward Delete.
Le résultat est un montage par élimination qui laisse un vide dans le plan de montage à
l’endroit où se trouvait le plan. La suppression d’un plan n’entraîne aucun déplacement
des autres plans.162 Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage
Roll, outil
L’outil Roll permet d’ajuster en même temps le point de sortie et le point d’entrée
de deux plans consécutifs. Vous pouvez vous servir de l’outil Roll si vous êtes satisfait
de l’endroit où se trouvent deux plans dans le plan de montage, mais que vous souhaitez changer la position du point de montage correspondant à la coupe. L’utilisation de
l’outil Roll n’entraîne aucun déplacement des plans à l’intérieur du plan de montage ;
seul le point de montage entre les deux plans est déplacé. Il s’agit d’un montage des
deux côtés puisqu’il concerne simultanément les points de montage de deux plans
différents ; le point de sortie du premier plan et le point d’entrée du plan suivant sont
tous deux ajustés par le montage Roll. Toutefois, ce montage n’a aucune incidence
sur les autres plans de la séquence.
Remarque : lorsque vous effectuez un montage Roll, la durée globale de la séquence
reste la même, mais celle des deux plans change. L’un s’allonge alors que l’autre rétrécit
en compensation. Ceci signifie que vous n’avez pas à vous préoccuper d’un quelconque
risque de provoquer d’éventuels problèmes de synchronisation entre des éléments reliés
aux plans qui se trouvent dans d’autres pistes.
Dans l’exemple ci-dessus, le plan B est raccourci et le plan C devient plus long, mais
la durée d’ensemble des deux plans ne change pas.
Pour effectuer un montage Roll :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes afin de sélectionner l’outil Roll :
 Choisissez Timeline > Roll Tool.
 Appuyez sur Contrôle + R.
2 Déplacez le pointeur jusqu’au point de montage situé entre deux plans que vous souhaitez unir par un montage Roll, puis faites-le glisser vers la gauche ou vers la droite.
Le plan de montage est mis à jour pour refléter le montage effectué.
A B C
A B C
Avant montage
Après montageChapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage 163
Ripple, outil
Un montage Ripple ajuste le point d’entrée ou le point de sortie d’un plan, en augmentant ou réduisant la durée de ce dernier, de sorte qu’il n’y ait pas de vide dans le plan de
montage. La modification de la durée du plan entraîne une mise à jour automatique des
points de montage de tout le reste du programme et provoque un déplacement de tous
les plans qui se trouvent à droite de celui que vous avez ajusté vers la droite ou vers la
gauche à l’intérieur du plan de montage.
Un montage Ripple est un montage sur un seul côté, c’est-à-dire que vous ne pouvez
l’utiliser que pour ajuster le point d’entrée ou le point de sortie d’un seul plan. Tous les
plans qui viennent après celui que vous avez ajusté sont déplacés, vers la gauche si vous
l’avez raccourci, vers la droite si vous l’avez allongé. Il s’agit d’une opération très importante qui peut éventuellement avoir une incidence sur le chronométrage de l’ensemble
de votre programme.
Important : les montages Ripple peuvent présenter des risques si vous essayez de
maintenir la synchronisation entre votre programme dans Color et le son original
de la séquence Final Cut Pro ou de la liste de montage source dont tout le mixage
est effectué dans une autre application. En effet, les plans de votre projet Color peuvent se déplacer vers le début ou vers la fin du programme alors que le son avec
lequel ils sont censés être synchronisés, lui, reste en place.
Pour faire un montage Ripple :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes afin de sélectionner l’outil Ripple :
 Choisissez Timeline > Ripple Tool.
 Appuyez sur Contrôle + T.
2 Déplacez le pointeur jusqu’au point d’entrée ou jusqu’au point de sortie du plan que
vous souhaitez raccourcir ou allonger, puis faites-le glisser vers la gauche ou vers la droite.
Le plan de montage est mis à jour pour refléter le montage effectué et tous les plans qui
viennent après celui que vous avez ajusté se déplacent vers la gauche ou vers la droite
pour compenser le changement du chronométrage.
A B C
A B C
Avant montage
Après montage164 Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage
Coulissement, outil
Un montage par coulissement ne change ni la position ni la durée du plan dans le plan
de montage, mais il modifie la partie des données du plan qui apparaît dans le plan de
montage en vous permettant de déplacer simultanément ses points d’entrée et de sortie.
Ceci signifie que la partie du plan qui est lue dans le plan de montage n’est plus la
même, bien que la position du plan à l’intérieur du plan de montage ne change pas.
Un montage par coulissement n’a aucune incidence sur les autres plans qui se trouvent dans le plan de montage, et la durée globale du projet reste inchangée.
Dans l’exemple ci-dessus, le montage par coulissement change les points d’entrée
et de sortie du plan B, mais pas sa durée ni sa position dans la séquence. Lors de la
lecture de la séquence, la partie affichée des données du plan B sera différente.
Pour effectuer un montage par coulissement :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture jusqu’au plan à ajuster pour pouvoir voir ce que vous faites
lors de la modification.
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes afin de sélectionner l’outil Slip :
 Choisissez Timeline > Slip Tool.
 Appuyez sur Contrôle + Y.
3 Déplacez le pointeur jusqu’au plan que vous souhaitez faire coulisser, puis faites-le
glisser vers la gauche ou vers la droite.
Contrairement à Final Cut Pro, Color ne montre pas les images correspondant aux nouveaux points d’entrée et de sortie que vous choisissez avec cet outil. La seule image affichée est celle sur laquelle se trouve la tête de lecture, qui est mise à jour lorsque vous
faites glisser le plan dans un sens ou dans l’autre. C’est la raison pour laquelle il est utile
de déplacer la tête de lecture jusqu’au plan à ajuster avant de commencer un montage
par coulissement.
A B C
A B C
Avant montage
00:00:10:00 00:00:30:00
00:00:17:00 00:00:37:00
Après montageChapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage 165
Outil Split
L’outil Split (division) permet d’ajouter un point de montage à un plan en le coupant
en deux. Ce point de montage est ajouté au niveau de l’image sur laquelle vous cliquez dans le plan de montage. Cet outil peut s’avérer utile pour supprimer une section
d’un plan ou pour appliquer un effet à une partie précise d’un plan.
Pour diviser un plan en deux plans distincts :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes afin de sélectionner l’outil Split :
 Choisissez Timeline > Split Tool.
 Appuyez sur Contrôle + X.
2 Déplacez le pointeur jusque sur la règle du plan de montage, puis, lorsque la ligne de
chevauchement de la division apparaît (il s’agit d’une ligne blanche verticale qui indique l’intersection des plans dans le plan de montage), faites-la glisser jusqu’à l’image
du plan sur laquelle vous souhaitez placer un point de montage.
3 Cliquez pour ajouter un point de montage.
Le plan de montage est mis à jour pour refléter le montage effectué et un nouveau
point de montage apparaît au niveau de l’image sur laquelle vous avez cliqué.
Outil Splice
Chaque fois que vous coupez un plan avec l’outil Split, le plan original est divisé en deux
plans séparés par un point de montage correspondant à une coupe. Les coupes ne se
voient pas dans le plan de montage de Color, mais tout point de montage qui divise une
plage d’images successives qui formeraient un tout en son absence est considéré comme
une coupe. L’outil Splice (raccord) permet de relier ces images pour rétablir l’unité du plan.
Le fait de relier deux plans que sépare une coupe a pour effet de les fusionner à nouveau
en un seul plan. Vous ne pouvez pas relier deux plans qui ne sont pas séparés par une
coupe. Si vous tentez de le faire, vous obtiendrez simplement un message d’avertissement.
Important : lorsque vous raccordez deux plans dont les jeux d’étalonnage et les corrections sont différents, les jeux d’étalonnage et les corrections du plan situé à gauche
annulent celles du plan de droite.
Pour raccorder deux plans de sorte qu’ils n’en forment plus qu’un :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes afin de sélectionner l’outil Splice :
 Choisissez Timeline > Splice Tool.
 Appuyez sur Contrôle + Z.
2 Déplacez le pointeur jusque sur la règle du plan de montage, puis, lorsque la ligne de
chevauchement du raccord apparaît (il s’agit d’une ligne blanche verticale qui indique
l’intersection des plans dans le plan de montage), faites-la glisser jusqu’au point de
montage correspondant au raccord à effectuer.
3 Cliquez pour faire de ce point de montage un raccord.166 Chapitre 7 Lecture, navigation et modification du plan de montage
Le plan de montage est mis à jour pour refléter le montage effectué et les deux plans qui
étaient auparavant séparés par une coupe sont raccordés de façon à n’en faire plus qu’un.
Commande Create an Edit (Création d’un point de coupe)
La commande Create an Edit du menu Timeline (Contrôle + V) est semblable à l’outil
Split. Elle permet de couper en deux un plan du plan de montage à l’endroit où se
trouve la tête de lecture. Cette commande permet de ne pas avoir à choisir un outil.
Pour créer un point de montage :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture jusqu’à l’image sur laquelle vous souhaitez ajouter un point
de montage.
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Choisissez Timeline > Create an Edit.
 Appuyez sur Contrôle + V.
Le plan de montage est mis à jour pour refléter le montage effectué et un nouveau
point de montage apparaît à l’endroit où se trouve la tête de lecture.
Commande Merge Edits (Fusion d’un point de coupe)
La commande Merge Edits (Contrôle + B) est semblable à l’outil Splice. Elle permet
de relier deux plans séparés par une coupe, à l’endroit où se trouve la tête de lecture,
en un seul. Cette commande permet de ne pas avoir à choisir un outil.
Pour fusionner deux plans en un seul à un point de montage correspondant à une
coupe :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture jusqu’à l’image qui correspond à la coupe que vous souhaitez fusionner.
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Choisissez Timeline > Merge Edits.
 Appuyez sur Contrôle + B.
Le plan de montage est mis à jour pour refléter le montage effectué et les deux plans
qui étaient auparavant séparés par une coupe sont fusionnés de façon à n’en faire plus
qu’un.
Important : lorsque vous raccordez deux plans dont les jeux d’étalonnage et les corrections sont différents, les jeux d’étalonnage et les corrections du plan situé à gauche
annulent celles du plan de droite.
Magnétisme
Lorsque le magnétisme est activé les plans se calent sur la valeur temporelle
00:00:00:00 de la Timeline.
Pour activer ou désactiver le magnétisme :
m Choisissez Timeline > Snapping pour activer ou désactiver le magnétisme.8
167
8 Vidéoscopes
Outre un écran de diffusion bien calibré, les vidéoscopes
offrent un moyen rapide et précis d’évaluation et de comparaison quantitatives des images.
Color propose la plupart des écrans de vidéoscopes disponibles dans les autres suites
de vidéo en ligne et d’étalonnage plus quelques-uns qui sont propres à l’analyse des
images par logiciel. Ces vidéoscopes fournissent conjointement des mesures graphiques des niveaux de luminance, de chrominance et RVB de l’image contrôlée, vous permettant d’évaluer clairement les qualités différentiant un plan d’un autre. Vous pouvez
ainsi prendre des décisions en connaissance de cause lors de la légalisation ou de la
comparaison de plans dans Color.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Quels sont les vidéoscopes disponibles ? (p. 168)
 Options des vidéoscopes (p. 171)
 Analyse d’images par le biais de vidéoscopes (p. 173)168 Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes
Quels sont les vidéoscopes disponibles ?
Les vidéoscopes suivants figurent dans la fenêtre Scopes :
 Waveform Monitor avec les options suivantes :
 Vue RGB Parade
 Overlay de canaux rouge, vert et bleu
 CanalRed, Green ou Blue en isolement
 Luma uniquement
 Chroma uniquement
 Y´CB
CR
présenté en vue parade
 Vectorscope
 Histogram avec les options suivantes :
 RGB présenté simultanément
 CanalRed, Green ou Blue en isolement
 Luma uniquement
 Analyse de couleur 3D avec les options d’espace colorimétrique suivantes :
 RGB
 HSL
 Y´CB
CR
 IPT
L’emplacement des vidéoscopes dépend du mode d’affichage de Color (simple ou
double) :Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes 169
 En mode d’affichage simple : deux vidéoscopes sont affichés sous l’aperçu vidéo dans
la fenêtre Scopes, qui est positionnée sur la gauche de la fenêtre d’interface Color.170 Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes
 En mode d’affichage double : jusqu’à trois vidéoscopes sont affichés dans la fenêtre
Scopes, outre l’aperçu vidéo.
Précision des vidéoscopes
Pour créer une analyse en temps réel du signal vidéo (même durant l’ajustement et la
lecture), Color effectue un sous-échantillonnage de l’image en cours à une résolution
de 384 x 192. L’image sous-échantillonnée est alors analysée et les données résultantes sont affichées par les vidéoscopes sélectionnés. La même résolution sous-échantillonnée est utilisée quelle que soit la résolution d’origine des données source.
Dans le cadre de cette méthode, chaque pixel contribue à l’analyse finale de l’image.
Dans les tests, les graphiques générés par les vidéoscopes Color sont très proches de
ceux générés par les vidéoscopes dédiés et sont extrêmement utiles dans l’évaluation et la mise en correspondance des plans lorsque vous utilisez Color. Cependant,
notez bien que l’analyse de Color reste une approximation des données totales. Les
vidéoscopes dédiés restent utiles pour une évaluation critique.
Remarque : si vous souhaitez intercepter des pixels perdus en dehors de la gamme lors
de la réalisation d’ajustements pour le QC, vous pouvez activer les réglages Broadcast
Safe pour vous protéger des violations QC. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section
« Réglages de seuils de diffusion (Broadcast Safe) » à la page 119.Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes 171
Options des vidéoscopes
Vous pouvez modifier l’affichage et le comportement des vidéoscopes des façons suivantes.
Pour activer la mise à jour des vidéoscopes en temps réel :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet User Preferences dans le studio Setup.
2 Sélectionnez Update UI During Playback.
3 Pour que les vidéoscopes se mettent à jour au cours de la lecture, sélectionnez Update
Secondary Display.
? Conseil : vous pouvez désactiver Update Primary Display pour améliorer les performances de lecture.
Certains vidéoscopes disposent de plusieurs modes.
Pour faire passer un vidéoscope dans un mode différent :
m Cliquez sur le bouton correspondant au mode voulu en haut du vidéoscope.
Tout quadrant contenant un vidéoscope peut aussi en utiliser de différents types.
Pour modifier le type de vidéoscope affiché dans une région particulière de la fenê-
tre Scopes :
m Cliquez tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée sur un vidéoscope ou cliquez
dessus avec le bouton droit de la souris et choisissez-en un autre dans le menu contextuel.
Il est possible d’effectuer un zoom dans tous les vidéoscopes pour mieux voir le graphique.172 Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes
Pour effectuer un zoom sur l’écran d’un vidéoscope, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
m Faites rouler la molette de défilement ou la boule de défilement de votre souris vers
le bas pour effectuer un zoom avant sur un écran d’un vidéoscope et vers le haut pour
effectuer un zoom arrière.
m Cliquez sur l’un des boutons de pourcentage en haut à gauche du Vectorscope pour
mettre à l’échelle l’écran du vidéoscope.
Il est également possible d’effectuer une rotation dans l’espace des vidéoscopes 3D
afin que vous puissiez consulter l’analyse sous différents angles.
Pour repositionner un vidéoscope 3D, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Faites glisser le modèle de vidéoscope horizontalement ou verticalement afin qu’il
effectue une rotation dans cette direction.
m Maintenez le bouton du milieu enfoncé et faites glisser pour repositionner le modèle
de vidéoscope dans cette direction.
Pour réinitialiser l’échelle et l’orientation d’un vidéoscope :
m Cliquez tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée sur un vidéoscope ou cliquez
dessus avec le bouton droit de la souris et choisissez Reset dans le menu contextuel.
Certains vidéoscopes peuvent être affichés en couleurs.
Pour activer ou désactiver l’affichage en couleurs d’un vidéoscope :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet User Preferences dans le studio Setup.
2 Cliquez sur Monochrome Scopes pour désactiver ou activer les couleurs.
Les couleurs du vidéoscope sont affectées par les paramètres personnalisables suivants :
 Lorsque Monochrome Scopes est désactivé, le paramètre UI Saturation détermine
le degré d’intensité des couleurs du vidéoscope.
 Lorsque Monochrome Scopes est activé, le contrôle Scope Color directement en
dessous contrôle la couleur des graticules du vidéoscope.Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes 173
Analyse d’images par le biais de vidéoscopes
La section suivante décrit l’utilisation de chaque vidéoscope fournit par Color.
Waveform
Le vidéoscope Waveform est en fait une famille de vidéoscopes fournissant différentes
analyses de la luminance et de la chrominance via des formes d’onde.
Description d’une forme d’onde
Pour créer une forme d’onde, Color analyse les lignes d’une image de gauche à droite,
les valeurs résultantes sont tracées verticalement sur la graticule de la forme d’onde
relative à l’échelle utilisée (par exemple, –20 à 110 IRE sur le graphique de luminance).
Dans l’image suivante, une ligne de l’image est analysée et tracée de cette façon.
Pour générer l’analyse globale de l’image, les graphiques de chaque ligne de celle-ci
sont superposés.174 Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes
Les valeurs de la forme d’onde étant tracées dans la même position horizontale que
la partie de l’image analysée, la forme d’onde la reflète, dans une certaine mesure. Cela
peut être constaté lorsqu’un sujet bouge de gauche à droite dans une image, alors que
la forme d’onde est lue en temps réel.
Dans tous les vidéoscopes de type oscilloscope, les niveaux de luminance ou de chrominance élevés sont représentés comme des crêtes sur la forme d’onde et les niveaux
faibles comme des chutes. Il est ainsi facile de lire les niveaux mesurés de hautes lumiè-
res ou d’ombres de l’image.
Parade
Le vidéoscope Parade affiche des formes d’onde distinctes pour les composants rouge,
vert et bleu de l’image côte à côte. Si Monochrome Scopes est désactivé, les formes
d’onde sont de couleur rouge, verte et bleue afin qu’elles soient facilement identifiables.
Remarque : pour mieux illustrer le rôle du vidéoscope Parade, les exemples de cette
section sont fournis avec filtre Broadcast Safe désactivé, de sorte que les valeurs
d’image supérieures à 100 pour cent et inférieures à 0 pour cent ne soient pas écrêtées.Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes 175
Le vidéoscope Parade facilite la distinction des dominantes de couleurs dans les hautes
lumières et les ombres d’une image, en comparant les contours de la partie supérieure
et inférieure de chaque forme d’onde. Les blancs, les gris et les noirs étant caractérisés
par des niveaux exactement égaux de rouge, de vert et de bleu, les zones neutres de
l’image doivent afficher trois formes d’onde d’une hauteur à peu près égale dans le
vidéoscope Parade. Si ce n’est pas le cas, il est aisé d’effectuer une correction en apportant des ajustements pour mettre à niveau les trois formes d’onde.
Avant l’étalonnage
Après étalonnage176 Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes
Parade est aussi très utile pour comparer les niveaux relatifs de rouges, de verts et de
bleus de deux plans. Si un plan comporte plus de rouge qu’un autre, la différence se
traduit par une forme d’onde rouge plus élevée pour l’un et une forme d’onde rouge
abaissée pour l’autre, par rapport aux autres canaux. Dans la première illustration,
l’image globale comporte une quantité nettement plus importante de rouge. En comparaison, le second plan comporte beaucoup moins de bleu et des niveaux bien plus
élevés de vert, ce qui se voit immédiatement dans Parade. Si vous avez besoin d’uniformiser les couleurs de ces plans, vous pouvez vous baser sur ces mesurer pour calculer
les corrections.
Parade permet aussi d’identifier des canaux de couleurs dépassant la limite de chrominance pour la légalité de diffusion, si les paramètres Broadcast Safe sont désactivés. En
effet, leurs formes d’onde sont soit trop élevées soit trop basses.
Un canal rouge présentant une courbe de niveau plus élevé
Un canal vert plus élevé conduira à une autre correctionChapitre 8 Vidéoscopes 177
Overlay
Le vidéoscope Overlay présente des informations identiques à celles de Parade,
à l’exception du fait que les formes d’onde représentant les canaux rouge, vert et
bleu sont superposées directement les unes sur les autres.
Cela peut permettre l’identification des différences ou des similarités relatives dans
les zones se chevauchant des trois canaux de couleurs censés être identiques, comme
les blancs, les gris et les noirs neutres.
Une autre caractéristique de cet écran réside dans le fait que lorsque les vidéoscopes sont
définis sur l’affichage des couleurs (en désactivant le paramètre Monochrome Scopes), les
zones du graticule où les formes d’onde rouge, verte et bleue se chevauchent précisément
apparaissent blanches. Cela permet de visualiser facilement où vous avez éliminé des dominantes de couleur dans les ombres et les hautes lumières en équilibrant les trois canaux.
Red/Green/Blue Channels
Ces vidéoscopes montrent des formes d’onde isolées pour chacun des canaux de couleur. Ils sont utiles si vous voulez étudier de plus près les valeurs d’un canal.178 Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes
Luma
Le vidéoscope Luma indique les niveaux de luminosité relatifs dans l’image. Les crêtes
et chutes des formes d’onde affichées permettent de localiser facilement les tâches
lumineuses et les zones sombres de votre image.
La différence entre la crête la plus élevée et la chute la plus basse du graticule du vidéoscope Luma indique le rapport de contraste total du plan et l’épaisseur moyenne de la
forme d’onde indique son exposition moyenne. Les formes d’onde trop basses indiquent
des images sombres et si elles sont trop élevées, elles peuvent signifier une surexposition.
Si vous effectuez une inspection QC d’un programme, les réglages Broadcast Safe étant
désactivés, vous pouvez aussi utiliser l’échelle pour identifier facilement des niveaux
vidéo supérieurs ou inférieurs aux limites recommandées.
Forme d’onde de surexposition
forme d’onde de sous-exposition Forme d’onde de bonne expositionChapitre 8 Vidéoscopes 179
Chroma
Ce vidéoscope montre les composants différentiels combinées de couleur CB
et CR
de
l’image. Il s’avère utile pour vérifier si la chrominance globale est trop élevée et aussi
si elle est trop limitée, car il permet de voir le résultat du réglage Chroma Limit imposé
quand Broadcast Safe est activé.
Par exemple, le graphique suivant représente une chrominance extrêmement saturée
dans l’image :
Lorsque vous activez Broadcast Safe avec une valeur Chroma Limit par défaut de 50,
vous constatez que les crêtes de chrominance élevées ont été limitées à 50.
Y’CB
CR
Ce vidéoscope présente les composants du signal encodé Y´CB
CR
dans une vue parade.
La forme d’onde la plus à gauche est le composant de luminance (Y’), la forme d’onde
du milieu est le composant de différence de couleur CB
et celle la plus à droite est le
composant de différence de couleur CR
.180 Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes
Vectorscope
Le Vectorscope indique la distribution globale de la couleur dans l’image par rapport à une
échelle circulaire. L’image vidéo est représentée par un graphique constitué d’une série de
points connectés figurant autour du centre de cette échelle. Pour chaque point du graphique analysé, son angle autour de l’échelle indique sa teinte (qui peut être comparée aux
cibles de couleur fournies) alors que sa distance du centre de l’échelle représente la saturation de la couleur affichée. Le centre du Vectorscope représente la saturation zéro et plus
un point est loin du centre, plus la saturation est élevée.
Si l’option Monochrome Scopes est désactivée dans l’onglet User Prefs du studio Setup,
les points du graphique tracés par le Vectorscope utiliseront la couleur de cette partie
de l’image source. Il est ainsi plus facile de voir quelles zones du graphiques correspondent à celles de l’image.Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes 181
Le Vectorscope permet de connaître la teinte et l’intensité des différentes couleurs de
l’image. Lorsque vous aurez appris à identifier les couleurs de vos plans sur le graphique dans le Vectorscope, il sera plus facile de rapprocher deux images car vous pourrez voir leurs différences. Si, par exemple, une image est plus saturée qu’une autre, le
graphe du Vectorscope sera plus grand.
Vous pouvez aussi utiliser le Vectorscope afin de constater si une dominante de couleur
affecte des parties de l’image devant être neutres (ou désaturées). Les zones désaturées
de l’image devant être parfaitement centrées, un graphique Vectorscope décentré repré-
sentant une image avec des parties de blanc, de gris et de noir indique clairement un
déséquilibre colorimétrique.
Les cibles de couleur
Les cibles de couleur de l’échelle du Vectorscope correspondent aux couleurs des contrô-
les Color Balance des filtres d’étalonnage de Final Cut Pro. Si les teintes de deux plans à
harmoniser ne correspondent pas, la direction et la distance de leur décalage sur l’échelle
du Vectorscope indiquent dans quel sens déplacer l’indicateur de contrôle de la balance.
Image moins saturée Image plus saturée182 Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes
La façon dont les cibles de couleur du Vectorscope sont liées à la saturation de son
graphique dépend de l’échelle définie pour celui-ci :
 Si l’échelle du Vectorscope est 75 pour cent, les barres de couleur de ce pourcentage
atteindront les cibles.
 Si l’échelle du Vectorscope est 100 pour cent, les barres de couleur de ce pourcentage atteindront les cibles.
Remarque : toutes les couleurs sont converties par Color en RVB via la norme Rec. 709
avant l’analyse. Par conséquent, les vidéos source NTSC et PAL atteindront les mêmes cibles.
Barre I
La barre –I indique l’angle correct auquel la teinte de la case bleu foncé de la séquence
de test des barres de couleur doit apparaître. Cette case bleu foncé qui se trouve à gauche du carré de référence blanc 100 pour cent est appelée le signal Inphase (I).
L’incrustation de la barre I (barre I positive) dans le Vectorscope est aussi identique
à la courbe de teint dans Final Cut Pro. Elle permet d’identifier et de corriger les teints
des acteurs dans un plan. Les différents teints, une fois enregistrés sur bande vidéo et
mesurés à l’aide d’un Vectorscope, se recoupent plus ou moins (même si la saturation
et la luminosité varient). Lorsqu’un acteur se trouve dans un plan, pour savoir si son
teint est reproduit fidèlement, vérifiez s’il existe une zone de couleur plus ou moins
proche de la barre I.
Si les teints de vos acteurs sont franchement incorrects, le décalage entre la zone de
couleur probable la plus proche dans le Vectorscope et la cible du teint vous indiqueront approximativement la modification à apporter.Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes 183
Barre Q
La barre Q indique l’angle correct auquel la teinte de la case violette de la séquence
de test des barres de couleur doit apparaître. Cette case violette qui se trouve à droite
du carré de référence blanc 100 pour cent est appelée le signal +Quadrature (Q).
Lors du dépannage d’un signal vidéo, la correspondance entre les composants Inphase
et +Quadrature du signal des barres de couleur et de la position des barres –I et Q indique si les composants du signal vidéo sont démodulés correctement.
histogramme
L’histogramme fournit un type d’analyse très différent de celle des vidéoscopes basés
sur les formes d’onde. Les formes d’onde ont une correspondance intégrée entre la
position horizontale de l’image analysée et celle du graphique de forme d’onde alors
que les histogrammes fournissent une analyse statistique de l’image.
Les histogrammes calculent le nombre total de pixels de chaque jeu d’étalonnage ou de
luminance dans l’image et tracent un graphique indiquant le nombre de pixels à chaque
pourcentage. Dans ce graphique en barres, chaque incrément de l’échelle de gauche à
droite représente un pourcentage de luminance ou de couleur et la hauteur de chaque
segment de l’histogramme indique le nombre de pixels correspondant à ce pourcentage.
RGB
L’histogramme RGB indique des analyses d’histogramme distinctes pour chaque canal
de couleur. Vous pouvez ainsi comparer le distribution relative de chaque canal de couleur sur la plage tonale de l’image.184 Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes
Par exemple, des images à dominante rouge ont un histogramme rouge beaucoup plus
important ou inversement, des histogrammes verts et bleus plus faibles. Dans l’exemple suivant, la dominante rouge des hautes lumières est clairement visible.
R, G et B
Les histogrammes R, G et B sont simplement des versions isolées de l’histogramme
de chaque canal.
Luma
L’histogramme Luma indique la force relative de toutes les valeurs de luminance
de l’image vidéo, de noir à super blanc. La hauteur du graphique à chaque degré
de l’échelle représente le nombre de pixels de l’image pour ce pourcentage de luminance, par rapport à toutes les autres valeurs. Si, par exemple, vous avez une image
avec peu de hautes lumières, vous pouvez vous attendre à voir une concentration
importante de valeurs autour des tons intermédiaires sur l’histogramme.Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes 185
L’histogramme Luma peut s’avérer très utile pour effectuer des comparaisons de luminance rapides entre deux plans afin d’harmoniser les ombres, les tons intermédiaires et
les hautes lumières. Si, par exemple, vous harmonisez une plan de coupe avec le plan
illustré ci-dessus, vous pouvez conclure d’un simple regard que l’image ci-dessous est
sous-exposée, mais l’histogramme vous renseigne plus précisément sur l’aspect quantitatif de cette sous-exposition.
La forme de l’histogramme permet également de déterminer le contraste dans une
image. Une image à faible contraste, comme celle illustrée ci-dessus, possède une distribution des valeurs concentrée au centre de l’histogramme. Au contraire, une image
très contrastée affiche une distribution plus répartie des valeurs sur toute la largeur
de l’histogramme.
Vidéoscope d’espace colorimétrique 3D
Ce type de vidéoscope affiche une analyse de la couleur de l’image projetée dans
une zone 3D. Vous pouvez sélectionner l’un des quatre espaces colorimétriques avec
lesquels représenter les données de couleur.186 Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes
RGB
L’espace colorimétrique RGB distribue la couleur dans l’espace d’un cube représentant
la plage totale de couleur pouvant être affichée :
 Le noir et le blanc absolus figurent dans deux coins diagonalement opposés du cube, le
centre de cette diagonale étant la plage de niveaux de gris désaturés du noir au blanc.
 Les trois couleurs primaires, rouge, vert et bleu figurent aux trois coins liés au noir.
 Les trois couleurs secondaires, jaune, cyan et magenta figurent aux trois coins liés
au blanc.
Ainsi, chaque couleur pouvant être représentée dans Color peut se voir affecter un
point dans trois dimensions en utilisant la teinte, la saturation et la luminosité pour
définir chaque axe d’espace.
Les côtés du cube représentent la couleur de la saturation 100 %, la diagonale centrale
allant du coin noir au coin blanc représente une saturation de 0 %. Les couleurs plus
sombres sont plus proches du coin noir du cube et les couleurs plus claires plus proches du coin blanc diagonalement opposé.Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes 187
HSL
L’espace colorimétrique HSL (Hue, Saturation et Luminance) distribue un graphique
de points dans un cône à deux pointes représentant la plage de couleurs pouvant être
affichée.
 Le noir et le blanc absolus figurent à deux points opposés en haut et en bas de la forme.
 Les couleurs primaires et secondaires sont distribuées autour de la roue des couleurs
habituelle, la saturation de 100 %étant représentée par le bord externe de la forme et
la saturation à 0 % représentée au centre.
Ainsi, les couleurs plus sombres se trouvent à l’intérieur en bas et les couleurs plus claires en haut. Les couleurs plus saturées se trouvent plus près des bords externes de la
forme et les couleurs moins saturées plus proches du centre interne.
Y’CB
CR
L’espace colorimétrique Y´CB
CR
est similaire à l’espace colorimétrique HSL à ceci près
que la limite externe de saturation est représentée par une structure à six côtés de
forme spécifique indiquant les limites générales de la couleur dans la vidéo de diffusion.
La limite externe n’indique pas les limites légales de diffusion de la vidéo, mais illustre
la plage de couleurs générale disponible. Par exemple, l’image suivante a une saturation et une luminosité illégales.188 Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes
Si vous activez les réglages Broadcast Safe, la distribution de la couleur dans l’espace
colorimétrique Y´CB
CR
devient limitée.
IPT
L’espace colorimétrique IPT est pondéré perceptuellement, le but de cette pondération
étant de représenter plus précisément les teintes d’une image distribuée sur une échelle
semblant uniformément linéaire.
Si les espaces colorimétriques RGB, HSL et Y´CB
CR
présentent des analyses tridimensionnelles de l’image mathématiquement exactes et vous permettent de voir comment les
couleurs d’une image sont transformées d’une gamme à une autre, ils ne montrent pas
forcément la distribution des couleurs telle que l’œil la perçoit. Il peut s’agir par exemple d’une roue des teintes calculée conventionnellement. Notez combien la partie verte
de la roue des teintes présentée ci-dessous semble beaucoup plus grande que la partie jaune ou rouge.
Les cônes de l’œil sensibles à la couleur ont des sensibilités différentes par rapport à
chacune des couleurs primaires (rouge, vert et bleu). Donc, une distribution mathématiquement linéaire de la couleur analysée n’est pas nécessairement la façon la plus précise
de représenter ce que l’œil voit. L’espace colorimétrique IPT rectifie cela en redistribuant
l’emplacement des teintes dans l’espace colorimétrique en fonction de tests où des personnes ont choisi et ordonné une distribution égale de teintes d’une couleur à une
autre, pour définir un spectre qui leur semblait correct.Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes 189
Dans l’espace colorimétrique IPT, I correspond à l’axe vertical de lumière (noir à blanc
désaturé) traversant le centre de l’espace colorimétrique. Le plan horizontal est défini
par l’axe P, qui est la distribution du rouge au vert et l’axe T, qui est la distribution du
jaune au bleu.
Voici une analyse de l’image test dans cet espace colorimétrique.
Échantillonnage de couleur
Le vidéoscope 3D fournit aussi des contrôles pour l’échantillonnage et l’analyse de
la couleur de l’image affichée. Trois échantillons au bas du vidéoscope permettent
d’échantillonner trois couleurs différentes pour l’analyse.
Remarque : ces contrôles sont visibles uniquement lorsque le vidéoscope 3D occupe
une zone de la fenêtre Scopes.
Pour échantillonner et analyser une couleur :
1 Cliquez sur l’un des trois boutons d’échantillons de couleurs au bas du vidéoscope 3D.
2 Faites glisser dans la zone d’aperçu de l’image pour placer la cible de couleur dans
la zone à analyser, puis relâchez le bouton de la souris.190 Chapitre 8 Vidéoscopes
Lorsque vous faites glisser la cible de couleur sur l’aperçu de l’image, trois événements
se produisent :
 L’échantillon de couleur adopte cette couleur.
 Les valeurs H, S et L du pixel analysé sont affichées à droite de l’échantillon sélectionné.
 Un curseur en croix identifie l’emplacement de cette valeur dans la représentation
en 3D de la couleur du vidéoscope 3D.
Chaque cible de couleur est numérotée afin d’identifier son échantillon correspondant.9
191
9 Primary In
Le studio Primary In constitue l’interface principale dédiée à
la correction colorimétrique des plans. C’est dans ce studio
que vous commencerez votre travail et, bien souvent, c’est le
seul dont vous aurez besoin.
Pour parler plus simplement, les corrections primaires sont des étalonnages qui affectent
l’intégralité d’une image. D’ailleurs, le studio Primary In propose une multitude de commandes familières à quiconque a l’habitude de travailler avec d’autres modules et applications
de traitement des images et d’étalonnage colorimétrique. Chacune de ces commandes permet de manipuler le contraste et la couleur d’une image de façon différente.
Remarque : plusieurs des commandes disponibles dans le studio Primary In apparaissent également dans les studios Secondaries et Primary Out, où elles offrent les mêmes
fonctions.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Objectifs de l’utilisation du studio Primary In (p. 192)
 Utilisation des commandes de contraste Primary (p. 195)
 Réglage du contraste dans les zones d’ombres, de tons intermédiaires et de hautes
lumières (p. 197)
 Utilisation des commandes Color Balance (p. 209)
 Description détaillée des corrections des ombres, des tons intermédiaires et des
hautes lumières (p. 213)
 Commandes Curves (p. 220)
 Onglet Basic (p. 233)
 Onglet Advanced (p. 237)
 Auto Balance (p. 239)192 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Objectifs de l’utilisation du studio Primary In
En règle générale, le studio Primary In vous permet de réaliser des tâches variées,
telles que les suivantes :
 Régler le contraste de l’image, afin que les ombres soient suffisamment foncées,
les zones de hautes lumières suffisamment claires et la luminosité globale de l’image
appropriée à la scène.
 Ajuster le couleur dans les zones de hautes lumières et de tons intermédiaires, afin
de corriger des dominantes de couleur involontaires dues à des réglages incorrects
de balance des blancs d’une caméra vidéo ou à un éclairage inapproprié au type de
pellicule utilisé.
 Apporter des modifications à la couleur et au contraste d’ensemble d’une image,
afin de donner l’impression qu’elle correspond à une autre heure de la journée. Vous
serez sans doute amené à modifier un plan photographié en fin d’après-midi pour
qu’il semble avoir été pris en plein midi.
 Adapter la couleur et le contraste de chaque plan d’une scène, afin d’éliminer
la moindre irrégularité dans l’exposition ou la couleur d’un plan à l’autre.
Vous pouvez effectuer toutes ces tâches et bien d’autres grâce aux outils mis à votre
disposition dans le studio Primary In. Lorsque vous travaillez sur des programmes
nécessitant des corrections relativement simples, il se peut même que vous appliquiez
toutes vos corrections dans ce studio, y compris un léger ajustement supplémentaire
en vue de réchauffer ou refroidir l’image à des fins purement esthétiques.
D’un autre côté, vous pouvez également choisir d’effectuer les diverses étapes de ces corrections nécessaires dans les différents studios proposés et ce, à des fins purement organisationnelles. Pour en savoir plus sur les diverses méthodes de répartition et d’organisation
des corrections, consultez la section « Utilisation de tous les studios Primary, Secondary
et Color FX pour gérer les corrections de chaque plan » à la page 320.
Le studio Primary In vous permet d’apporter des corrections spécifiques
Même si le studio Primary In applique les corrections à l’intégralité de l’image, il n’est
pas impossible de cibler des corrections sur certains de ses aspects. Nombre des commandes présentes dans le studio Primary In sont conçues pour appliquer des ajustements à des zones d’une tonalité particulière. Autrement dit, certaines commandes
modifient la couleur des zones les plus claires de l’image, alors que d’autres n’affectent
que les plus sombres.
Qui plus est, d’autres types de commandes s’appliquent à des canaux de couleur particuliers. Vous pouvez ainsi diminuer ou augmenter la valeur du canal vert, sans affecter
les canaux rouge et bleu.Chapitre 9 Primary In 193
Premiers pas
Ce chapitre est consacré à l’ensemble des commandes d’ajustement d’images disponibles dans le studio Primary In. De nombreux coloristes recourent à ces outils dans un
ordre particulier. Cette séquence permet d’organiser chaque partie du travail, afin de
définir une méthodologie. En règle générale, vous travaillerez sur la plupart des images
en vous conformant aux étapes suivantes.
Étape 1 : Réglage du contraste de l’image
La majorité des coloristes commencent toujours leur travail par la correction du contraste d’une image avant de passer au traitement de sa couleur proprement dite. Il est
possible d’appliquer cette correction grâce aux commandes primaires de contraste,
ainsi qu’aux commandes Luma Curve, Master Lift, Master Gain et Master Gamma de
l’onglet Basic.
Étape 2 : Ajustement de la balance des couleurs de l’image
Il suffit de déterminer les points blanc et noir de l’image pour fixer sa balance des couleurs.
Les commandes primaires de balance des couleurs permettent d’effectuer rapidement ses
ajustements dans les ombres, les tons intermédiaires et les zones de hautes lumières. Pour
apporter des corrections plus précises, utilisez les commandes des courbes rouge, verte et
bleue. Vous pouvez également recourir aux commandes Red, Green et Blue Lift, Gamma et
Gain de l’onglet Advanced pour saisir des valeurs numériques d’ajustement.194 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Étape 3 : Réglage de la saturation de l’image
Dès que la qualité de la couleur vous convient, apportez des modifications pour augmenter ou diminuer la saturation, encore appelée l’intensité des couleurs de l’image. Les
commandes Saturation, Highlight Sat. et Shadow Sat. de l’onglet Basic vous permettent
de régler la saturation d’ensemble ou de certaines régions d’une tonalité particulière.
Étape 4 : Modifications plus spécifiques
Si vous pensez que certains aspects de l’image nécessitent de plus amples corrections
après avoir suivi les étapes 1 à 3, accédez aux commandes des courbes qui vous permettent de cibler vos modifications liées à la couleur et au contraste de l’image sur
des zones présentant une tonalité définie. Néanmoins, il est plus simple d’accéder à
le studio Secondaries au-delà d’un certain point (décrit au chapitre 10, « Secondaries »,
à la page 241).Chapitre 9 Primary In 195
Utilisation des commandes de contraste Primary
Si vous retirez toute couleur d’une image (il vous suffit de régler le paramètre Saturation sur 0), vous obtenez une image en niveaux de gris qui représente le composant
Luma de cette image, à savoir la partie qui contrôle sa luminosité. Comme l’explique
la section « Modèle de couleurs Y’CB
CR
» à la page 27, le composant Luma d’une image
correspond au rapport pondéré des canaux rouge, vert et bleu de l’image (la sensibilité de l’œil à chaque couleur).
Même si le composant Luma était à l’origine un concept lié à la vidéo, vous pouvez le
manipuler à l’aide des commandes de contraste disponibles dans Color, quel que soit
le format d’origine des images. Ces commandes vous permettent d’ajuster la luminosité d’une image de manière de plus ou moins indépendante de sa couleur.
Remarque : des ajustements importants du contraste de l’image peuvent avoir un effet
sur la saturation.
Étendue du contraste
L’une des modifications majeures que vous pouvez appliquer à une image concerne
l’étendue de son contraste. En effet, cette étendue correspond à la différence entre le
pixel le plus sombre des zones ombrées (le point noir) et le pixel le plus clair des zones
de hautes de lumières (le point blanc). L’étendue du contraste d’une image est très facile
à quantifier en observant le graphique de l’oscilloscope ou de l’histogramme réglé sur
Luma. La répartition des valeurs des images à fort contraste est très étendue du point
noir au point blanc.196 Chapitre 9 Primary In
En revanche, les images à faible contraste présentent des valeurs extrêmement rapprochées entre le point noir et le point blanc.
Les curseurs de réglage du contraste Shadow, Midtone et Highlight vous permettent
d’appliquer des corrections distinctes à chacune de ces trois caractéristiques du contraste.
Remarque : les réglages effectués à l’aide des curseurs de contraste du studio Primary In
peuvent affecter la saturation de l’image. D’ailleurs, l’augmentation considérable du composant Luma peut entraîner la réduction de la saturation, alors que sa diminution peut
accroître la saturation de l’image. Ce comportement diffère du filtre Étalonnage à 3 voies
de Final Cut Pro, qui modifie le contraste de l’image sans aucun effet sur sa saturation.
Utilisation des curseurs de réglage du contraste avec une surface
de contrôle
Les trois curseurs de réglage du contraste présents dans les studios Primary In, Secondaries
et Primary Out correspondent généralement à trois contrôles rotatifs, molettes ou boutons
sur les surfaces de contrôle compatibles. Alors que vous ne pouvez régler qu’un seul de ces
curseurs à la fois avec votre souris via les contrôles d’écran, vous pouvez les ajuster simultanément si vous êtes équipé d’une surface de contrôle.
Lorsque vous utilisez une surface de contrôle, le paramètre Encoder Sensitivity affiché
par l’onglet User Prefs du studio Setup vous permet de personnaliser la vitesse à laquelle
les commandes agissent. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Réglages de la surface de contrôle » à la page 122.Chapitre 9 Primary In 197
Réglage du contraste dans les zones d’ombres, de tons intermédiaires et de hautes lumières
Les curseurs Primary Contrast sont divisés en trois curseurs verticaux, dont vous vous
servez pour régler le point noir, la répartition des tons intermédiaires et le point blanc
d’une image.
Chacun de ces curseurs est en fait un dégradé vertical. Le faire glisser vers le haut ou
le bas augmente ou réduit respectivement sa valeur. Une barre bleue indique le niveau
actuel auquel chaque curseur est réglé. Quant au troisième nombre affiché dans la pré-
sentation Output (intitulé « L ») en dessous de chaque commande de couleur, il indique la valeur numérique du curseur.
Réglage du point noir avec le curseur Shadow
Le comportement de ce curseur de réglage du contraste dépend de l’activation ou de
la désactivation de la préférence Limit Shadow Adjustments (pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Réglages de l’interface utilisateur » à la page 123).
Ajustements de point noir Ajustements de la répartition des gris Ajustements de point blanc
Sortie: 0.00h 0.00s 0.001 Sortie: 0.00h 0.00s 0.501 Sortie: 0.00h 0.00s 1.001
Ombres Gris Surbrillance198 Chapitre 9 Primary In
 Si la préférence Limit Shadow Adjustments est désactivée : les réglages du contraste
effectués avec le curseur Shadow sont appliqués comme s’il s’agissait d’une seule et
même opération de soustraction. La correction obtenue éclaircit ou assombrit uniformément l’intégralité de l’image, modifiant les zones d’ombres, de tons intermédiaires
et de hautes lumières dans les mêmes proportions. On s’en rend compte clairement
lorsqu’on règle le point noir d’un dégradé linéaire du noir au blanc, qui apparaît sur
l’oscilloscope sous forme d’une ligne droite diagonale. Notez que toute la courbe du
dégradé se déplace vers le haut sur l’oscilloscope.Chapitre 9 Primary In 199
 Si la préférence Limit Shadow Adjustments est activée : la valeur du point noir est augmentée, mais le point blanc reste à 100 pour cent. Autrement dit, si vous apportez
des modifications avec le curseur de réglage du contraste Shadow, toutes les zones
de tons intermédiaires de l’image sont échelonnées entre le nouveau point noir et
100 pour cent. Notez que le haut de la courbe, sur l’oscilloscope, reste en place lorsque le point noir change.
Vous allez très certainement conserver la préférence Limit Shadow Adjustments activée pour la plupart de vos projets, car elle vous assure un plus grand contrôle sur
le contraste de l’image (et donc sur sa couleur, comme vous le découvrirez plus tard)
dans vos programmes.200 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Le réglage du contraste dans les zones d’ombres est l’une des tâches les plus fréquentes que vous serez amené à exécuter. En effet, réduire les noirs de telle sorte que les
ombres les plus foncées avoisinent 0 pour cent (ce qui est visible en bas du graphique
de l’oscilloscope ou à gauche du graphique de l’histogramme lorsque l’un ou l’autre est
réglé sur Luma) rend les ombres de l’image plus profondes. De telles ombres peuvent
enrichir l’image et accentuer des détails qui étaient précédemment imprécis.
Si vous réduisez davantage les noirs, ce qui s’appelle écraser les ombres (car aucun pixel
ne peut être plus sombre que 0 pour cent), vous obtenez un contraste encore plus fort.
Cet écrasement se fait au détriment des détails dans les zones d’ombres, parce que de
grandes parties de l’image deviennent uniformément noires à 0 pour cent. On le voit
bien dans la partie noire du dégradé, en bas de l’image.
Remarque : même si la préférence Limit Shadow Adjustments est activée, vous pouvez
toujours apporter des corrections de soustraction à l’image grâce au paramètre Master
Lift présent dans l’onglet Basic. Consultez la section « Commandes Master Contrast » à
la page 236.Chapitre 9 Primary In 201
Réglage des tons intermédiaires
Le curseur de réglage du contraste Midtone vous permet d’ajuster de manière non
linéaire la répartition des tons intermédiaires de l’image (procédé auquel il est souvent
fait référence sous le nom de correction gamma). En d’autres termes, vous êtes en
mesure de régler les tons moyens de l’image sans modifier l’obscurité de ses zones
d’ombres, ni la clarté de ses zones de hautes lumières.
Voici deux exemples d’utilisation du curseur de réglage du contraste Midtone. Dans
l’image suivante, les tons intermédiaires ont été réduits. Vous remarquez que l’ensemble de l’image s’est assombri, les zones d’ombres couvrant une plus grande surface.
Toutefois, les zones de hautes lumières sont toujours aussi claires et le détail des zones
ombrées n’a pas été perdu. Le haut et le bas de la courbe du dégradé sur l’oscilloscope
restent à peu près en place, tandis que la courbe s’incurve vers le bas, ce qui illustre
bien la nature non linéaire de ce réglage.202 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Le curseur Midtone est ensuite réglé sur une valeur plus élevée. L’image est nettement
plus claire et les zones de hautes lumières couvrent une plus grande surface. Pourtant,
les ombres les plus profondes restent riches et sombres, alors que les détails des zones
de hautes lumières sont toujours bien visibles, car ces zones sont restées à leur niveau
d’origine. Là encore, le haut et le bas de la courbe, sur l’oscilloscope restent à peu près
en place, mais cette fois, la courbe s’incurve vers le haut.
Quelle que soit l’étendue du contraste que vous avez décidé d’utiliser pour un plan, le curseur Midtone est l’un des principaux outils vous permettant de corriger la clarté globale
de l’image en vue de créer une ambiance, de donner l’impression d’une autre heure de la
journée ou plus simplement, de s’assurer que le public verra clairement les personnages.
Remarque : même si la correction des tons intermédiaires ne modifie en rien le point
noir et le point blanc (respectivement à 0 et 100 pour cent), leur ajustement extrême
écrase les ombres et aplatit les blancs, ce qui provoque l’élimination des détails au profit d’un contraste plus fort.
Réglage du point blanc avec le curseur Highlight
Le curseur Highlight fonctionne à l’opposé du curseur Shadow. Il vous permet d’augmenter ou de réduire la valeur du point blanc de l’image, tout en conservant le point
noir à une valeur quasiment inchangée. Toutes les zones de tons intermédiaires de
l’image sont alors échelonnées entre le nouveau point blanc et 0 pour cent.Chapitre 9 Primary In 203
Si l’image est trop sombre et les zones de hautes lumières semblent atones, remontez
le niveau du curseur Highlight pour éclaircir les zones de hautes lumières, tout en maintenant les zones d’ombres à leur niveau actuel. Notez que le point noir de la courbe du
dégradé, sur l’oscilloscope, reste à 0 pour cent après le réglage.
Remarque : dans cet exemple, le filtre Broadcast Safe a été désactivé, et l’on peut voir
que le niveau de blanc du dégradé se situe au maximum de 109 pour cent.
Si les zones de hautes lumières sont trop claires, abaissez le niveau du curseur Highlight
pour les assombrir, sans vous soucier d’écraser les ombres. 204 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Les zones de hautes lumières trop claires sont fréquentes dans les images tirées de
vidéos. En effet, des niveaux de super-blanc situés au-dessus de la limite légale pour la
diffusion, à savoir 100 pour cent, sont souvent présentes dans le média source (comme
dans l’exemple précédent). Faute de correction, les zones de hautes lumières au-delà
de 100 pour cent sont écrêtées en cas d’activation des réglages Broadcast Safe, ce qui
entraîne la perte des détails de ces zones, car tous les pixels au-dessus de 100 pour cent
sont ramenés à 100 pour cent.
La réduction de la valeur du point blanc peut vous permettre de restaurer dans l’image
les détails écrêtés.
Remarque : les valeurs écrêtées ou limitées par Color sont conservées en interne et
peuvent donc être récupérées pour des corrections ultérieures. Ce fonctionnement
est différent de l’écrêtage des valeurs surexposées dans le média source au moment
de l’enregistrement, lesquelles sont définitivement perdues.Chapitre 9 Primary In 205
Alors que les corrections mineures effectuées à l’aide du curseur Highlight n’affectent pas
le point noir, elles ont un impact sur les tons intermédiaires, proportionnel à leur degré.
L’influence du curseur Highlight s’affaiblit en direction des zones d’ombres. Toutefois, il
est nécessaire de savoir que les corrections appliquées par ce biais ont un effet progressivement décroissant sur près de 80 pour cent des zones les plus claires de l’image.
C’est la raison pour laquelle vous risquez d’être amené à compenser l’effet sur les tons
intermédiaires de l’image d’une correction effectuée à l’aide du curseur Highlight en
appliquant une légère correction inverse avec le curseur Midtone.
La définition du point blanc d’une image est très subjective. En fait, la « blancheur »
d’un objet n’est pas un critère suffisant pour le régler sur 100 pour cent. Les objets
naturellement très clairs, comme les brillants spéculaires, les scintillements réfléchis
ou les sources lumineuses exposées sont bien évidemment de bon choix pour le
réglage Luma à 100 % (comme il existe des risques que ces zones soient déjà à des
niveaux de super-blanc, il vous faut réduire leur luminosité si vous devez faire face
aux limites légales pour la diffusion).
En revanche, si vous travaillez sur une scène d’intérieur ne comportant aucun des exemples mentionnés ci-dessus, les objets les plus clairs de votre scène risquent d’être un mur
de la pièce ou les zones de hautes lumières du visage d’une personne, ce qui ne correspond pas forcément à une niveau de clarté suffisant pour les régler sur 100 pour cent.
Dans de tels cas, la luminosité que vous choisissez pour régler les zones de hautes lumiè-
res dépend en grande partie du type d’éclairage utilisé. Avec un éclairage tamisé, vous
opterez pour des zones de hautes lumières à des valeurs plus faibles que dans le cas
d’un éclairage volontairement cru.206 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Augmentation et réduction du contraste de l’image
Il existe un grand nombre de raisons qui peut vous pousser à augmenter l’étendue
du contraste d’une image, afin d’obtenir la plus grande plage de valeurs possibles,
sans pour autant introduire du bruit (ce qui peut parfois survenir avec des images
sous-exposées nécessitant des corrections importantes du contraste).
La plupart des images ne sont pas réglées dès le départ avec l’étendue de contraste
la plus large possible. Même dans le cas de plans avec une bonne exposition, les camé-
ras vidéo n’enregistrent pas systématiquement le noir à 0 pour cent, mais plutôt à des
niveaux avoisinant 3 à 4 pour cent. Pour cette simple raison, vous devez souvent apporter de légères corrections de réduction du point noir, mais pas grand chose de plus.
Dans d’autres cas, une image légèrement sur ou sous-exposée peut paraître délavée ou
boueuse et vous devez alors appliquer des corrections simples pour réduire les pixels
les plus sombres de l’image et augmenter les pixels les plus clairs en vue d’étendre le
contraste (ce qui a un effet similaire à « essuyer une couche de poussière sur l’image »).
Ces corrections constituent souvent la première étape d’optimisation d’un plan.Chapitre 9 Primary In 207
Dans d’autres cas encore, vous pouvez décider d’augmenter délibérément l’étendue du
contraste pour modifier à l’extrême le contraste de l’image. Vous pouvez procéder de la
sorte dans le cas d’une image vraiment sous-exposée. Vous devez alors régler les curseurs Highlight et Midtone, afin d’obtenir que les personnages soient simplement plus
visibles. Vous pouvez également étendre à l’extrême le contraste d’un plan bien exposé,
ce qui provoque l’écrasement des ombres et l’écrêtage des zones de hautes lumières
pour un effet à très fort contraste.
Important : lorsque vous augmentez le contraste des plans sous-exposés, ou lorsque vous
effectuez des réglages de contraste extrêmes, cela peut entraîner le grain du film et le bruit
vidéo de l’image. Cela constitue plus particulièrement un problème lorsqu’on étalonne des
programmes à des formats vidéo associés à des taux faibles de sous-échantillonnage de
chromie. Pour en savoir plus, consultez « Sous-échantillonnage chromatique » à la
page 27.
Vous avez évidemment la possibilité de réduire l’étendue du contraste d’une image.
Procédez de la sorte pour donner l’impression d’une autre heure du jour (en ternissant
les ombres tout en conservant des zones de hautes lumières claires pour le plein midi)
ou pour créer une certaine ambiance d’ordre stylistique dans votre programme (avec
des ombres très légères et des lumières atténuées pour une ambiance plus douce).208 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Impact du contraste de l’image sur le fonctionnement des commandes Color Balance
Il existe une autre raison pour augmenter ou fixer l’étendue du contraste d’une image
avant de lui appliquer la moindre correction colorimétrique. En effet, toute correction
apportée au contraste d’une image modifie les parties de l’image assignées aux trois
zones tonales en chevauchement qui sont affectées par les commandes de balance des
couleurs (pour en savoir plus, consultez la section suivante). Si, par exemple, vous avez
une image de faible contraste avec peu d’ombres, et si vous corrigez cet état de fait
à l’aide de la commande de balance de couleurs Shadow, la correction résultante sera
faible, comme on peut le constater sur le dégradé ci-après.
Définition exacte du détail de l’image
Le détail de l’image est un thème fréquemment abordé dans ce chapitre ainsi que
dans d’autres. Il est principalement traité dans le contexte des opérations effectuées
pour améliorer les détails perçus, comme des opérations provoquant leur perte dans
l’image. Pour parler simplement, le détail de l’image fait référence à la variation naturelle de la tonalité, de la couleur et du contraste entre des pixels adjacents.
Les zones d’ombres et de hautes lumières d’une image apparaissant aux limites exté-
rieures du signal vidéo, elles sont les plus susceptibles de subir une perte de détail lors
des corrections du contraste. Cette perte se traduit par un « aplatissement » des zones
d’ombres et de hautes lumières, car des groupes très importants de pixels de l’image
se voient attribuer la même valeur (0 pour les ombres et 100 pour les hautes lumières).
Il est important de préserver un certain degré de détail dans l’image afin de lui conserver un aspect naturel. Toutefois, rien ne vous empêche de supprimer des détails de
l’image pour obtenir une ambiance particulière, comme des ombres légèrement écrasées ou un contraste extrêmement fort avec des ombres écrasées et des blancs écrê-
tés. Gardez simplement à l’esprit les modifications exactes subies par l’image lorsque
vous effectuez ce type de corrections.Chapitre 9 Primary In 209
Par la suite, si vous réglez le curseur de contraste Shadow ou Midtone pour réduire les
zones d’ombres, une plus grande partie de l’image est affectée par la même correction
colorimétrique, bien que vous n’ayez apporté aucune autre modification à cette commande de couleur.
Il n’est bien sûr pas interdit de modifier le contraste après avoir appliqué des corrections colorimétriques, mais vous devez vous souvenir des interactions qui en découlent si vous procédez de la sorte.
Utilisation des commandes Color Balance
Une dominante de couleur correspond à une teinte involontaire dans l’image, due à l’éclairage, à la balance des blancs de la caméra vidéo ou à la pellicule utilisée en fonction des
conditions d’éclairage au cours du tournage. Ces dominantes sont le fait de la force ou
de la faiblesse inappropriée d’un ou de plusieurs canaux de couleur. De plus, elles ne sont
généralement pas uniformes à l’échelle de l’image. En fait, elles sont souvent plus fortes
dans une partie de l’image (les zones de hautes lumières, par exemple) et plus faibles,
voire inexistantes, dans d’autres parties (les ombres, par exemple).
Si vous observez une image avec une dominante de couleur dans le graphique de
l’oscilloscope réglé sur Parade, vous pouvez souvent constater les niveaux disproportionnés de chaque canal, qui provoquent cette dominante. Il vous suffit de regarder
les pics des formes d’ondes (représentant les zones de hautes lumières) et leurs creux
(représentant les ombres).
Remarque : pour plus de clarté, l’oscilloscope Parade est illustré avec les formes d’onde
teintés en rouge, vert et bleu qui apparaissent lorsque Monochrome Scopes est désactivé sous l’onglet des préférences.210 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Les commandes Color Balance (auxquelles il est souvent fait référence sous l’appellation de Hue Wheels) fonctionnent comme des trackballs virtuels à l’écran. Toutefois,
elles ont constituées de trois commandes distinctes.
 Boule de commande Color Balance : boule de commande virtuelle qui vous permet
de régler la teinte (définie par l’angle de la poignée par rapport au centre) et la saturation (définie par la distance de la poignée par rapport au centre) de la correction
que vous utilisez pour rééquilibrer les canaux rouge, vert et bleu de l’image vis-à-vis
d’une autre image. Une poignée située au centre de la croix vous indique la correction en cours. Lorsque la poignée est centrée, aucune modification n’est apportée.
 Curseur Hue : ce curseur vous permet de modifier la teinte de la correction, sans
affecter sa saturation.
 Curseur Saturation : ce curseur vous permet de modifier la saturation de la correction, sans affecter sa teinte. Faites-le glisser vers le haut ou la bas pour augmenter
ou réduire la saturation.
 Bouton Reset : cliquez sur ce bouton pour réinitialiser la commande Color Balance et
le curseur Contrast de cette zone tonale. Si vous utilisez une surface de contrôle, vous
disposez de commandes de réinitialisation séparées pour les corrections de couleur
et de contraste de chaque zone (sur la surface de contrôle proprement dite).
 Présentation Output : cette présentation située en dessous de chaque commande de
couleur vous indique les valeurs de teinte et de saturation actuelles de la commande
Color Balance, ainsi que la valeur de luminosité du curseur Contrast pour cette zone.
Remarque : il est possible de multiplier par 10 la vitesse normale des commandes
Color Balance en maintenant enfoncée la touche Option alors que vous faites glisser
le pointeur.
Curseur Saturation
Curseur Hue :
Bouton Présentation Output :Chapitre 9 Primary In 211
Faites glisser la poignée d’une commande Color Balance pour rééquilibrer la force des
canaux rouge, vert et bleu d’une image en vue de manipuler la qualité de la lumière. Vous
pouvez ainsi corriger des dominantes de couleur ou en introduire à des fins créatives. Les
commandes Color Balance règlent toujours les trois canaux de couleur simultanément.
Dans l’exemple précédent, l’image présente une dominante rouge dans les zones de
hautes lumières, ce qui est confirmé par la hauteur du pic du canal rouge dans le graphique de l’oscilloscope réglé sur Parade.
Pour corriger ce problème, vous devez simultanément réduire le canal rouge et augmentez le canal bleu. Il vous suffit de faire glisser la commande Highlight Color Balance. Pour
vous rappeler très simplement comment appliquer une correction de ce type, faites glisser la poignée de la commande Color Balance en direction de la couleur secondaire qui est
trop accentuée. Dans le cas présent, la dominante de couleur est rouge/orangé. Si vous faites glisser la commande Color Balance dans la direction opposée, vers le bleu/turquoise,
vous rééquilibrez les canaux de couleur de manière appropriée. La commande Color
Balance des tons intermédiaires est utilisée, car la majeure partie de l’image à ajuster se
situe entre 8à et 20 pour cent.212 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Si vous observez le graphique de l’oscilloscope réglé sur Parade alors que vous effectuez votre modification, vous pouvez constater le rééquilibrage des canaux de couleur,
tout en regardant la correction appliquée à l’image dans la présentation Broadcast.
Les studios Primary In, Secondaries et Primary Out mettent à votre disposition trois
commandes Color Balance. Chacune vous permet de corriger des régions d’une certaine tonalité dans l’image.
Utilisation des commandes Color Balance avec une surface de contrôle
Les trois commandes Color Balance correspondent aux trois trackballs ou manettes
disponibles sur les surfaces de contrôle compatibles. Alors que vous ne pouvez régler
qu’une seule de ces commandes à la fois avec votre souris via les contrôles d’écran,
vous pouvez les ajuster simultanément si vous êtes équipé d’une surface de contrôle.
Lorsque vous utilisez une surface de contrôle, les paramètres Hue Wheel Angle et Joyball
Sensitivity affichés par l’onglet User Prefs du studio Setup vous permettent de personnaliser le fonctionnement de ces commandes. Pour en savoir plus sur le réglage de ces paramètres, consultez la section « Réglages de la surface de contrôle » à la page 122.
Dominante de couleur, toujours synonyme d’ambiance créative ?
Il est important se souvenir qu’une dominante de couleur n’est pas toujours involontaire. Si le directeur de la photographie, notamment, utilise la lumière à des fins créatives, l’image obtenue peut comporter des dominantes de couleur dans la plage de
tonalités. Vous devez alors faire la distinction entre les dominantes accidentelles ou
liées aux conditions de tournage, et les choix stylistiques opérés grâce à l’éclairage
de chaque scène. Dans tous les cas, une communication claire entre le directeur de
la photographie et les coloristes est impérative.Chapitre 9 Primary In 213
Description détaillée des corrections des ombres, des tons
intermédiaires et des hautes lumières
Comme de nombreux autres environnements d’étalonnage colorimétrique, Color propose un ensemble de trois commandes de balance des couleurs. Chacune est dédiée à
des ajustements particuliers de la couleur au sein des trois zones tonales en chevauchement dans chaque image. Ces zones tonales correspondent aux zones d’ombres, de tons
intermédiaires et de hautes lumières décrites dans la section précédente sur le contraste.
Si vous décidez de réduire la tonalité d’une image au sein de ces trois zones, elle risque
de ressembler à l’illustration suivante.
Image couleur originale Zones tonales, d’ombres, de tons intermédiaires
et de hautes lumières simulées
Zones les plus affectées par l’ajustement des
tons intermédiaires
Zones les plus affectées par l’ajustement des
ombres
Zones les plus affectées par l’ajustement des hautes lumières214 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Ces commandes différenciées par zone vous permettent d’apporter des corrections
ciblées à la couleur des zones de hautes lumières d’une image, sans affecter la couleur
de ses zones d’ombres. De même, elles vous permettent d’appliquer des modifications
distinctes à des parties différemment éclairées d’une image, soit pour les améliorer, soit
pour créer des ambiances particulières.
Pour prévenir tout effet de bande évident ou d’autres imperfections, les corrections
appliquées aux trois zones tonales se chevauchent largement, l’influence de chaque
commande Color Balance sur l’image diminuant progressivement sur les bords de
chaque zone. Ce chevauchement est illustré dans le graphique suivant.
Ces zones se chevauchent conformément au standard OpenCDL et leur comportement
est décrit ci-après.
Important : si vous êtes habitué au fonctionnement du filtre Étalonnage à 3 voies de
Final Cut Pro, vous aurez certainement besoin d’un peu de temps pour vous familiariser avec les commandes du studio Primary In, car leur résultat est quelque peu diffé-
rent. Contrairement aux modifications effectuées à l’aide du filtre Étalonnage à 3 voies
de Final Cut Pro, les corrections apportées avec la commande Color Balance modifie le
composant Luma de l’image, ce qui affecte l’étendue de son contraste.
Influence du contrôle de l’ombre
Influence du contrôle de surbrillance
Influence des grisChapitre 9 Primary In 215
Corrections de la couleur des ombres
Le comportement de la commande de balance des couleurs Shadows dépend de l’activation ou de la désactivation de la préférence Limit Shadow Adjustments (pour en
savoir plus, consultez la section « Réglages de l’interface utilisateur » à la page 123).
 Si la préférence Limit Shadow Adjustments est désactivée : les ajustements de couleur
effectués à l’aide de la commande Shadows sont exécutées comme une simple opération d’addition (la couleur sélectionnée dans cette commande est ajoutée à la couleur de
chaque pixel de l’image). La correction résultante affecte l’intégralité de l’image (elle est
visible sur le dégradé qui se trouve en bas de l’image), produisant un effet de nuance.216 Chapitre 9 Primary In
 Si la préférence Limit Shadow Adjustments est activée : une atténuation linéaire est
appliquée aux ajustements de couleur effectués à l’aide de la commande Shadows, de
telle sorte que le noir reçoive 100 pour cent de la correction et le blanc 0 pour cent.
Vous devez recourir à cette méthode si vous souhaitez corriger les ombres sans modifier les zones de hautes lumières.
Remarque : pour mieux illustrer l’effet de la commande Shadow, les précédents exemples ont été montrés avec le filtre Broadcast Safe désactivé, de sorte que les valeurs
d’image inférieures à 0 pour cent ne soient pas corrigées.
Corrections de la couleur des tons intermédiaires
Les corrections apportées à l’aide de la commande de balance des couleurs Midtones
s’appliquent via une opération de puissance (nouvelle valeur du pixel = ancienne valeur
du pixel ^ correction). Les ajustements des tons intermédiaires ont alors un effet plus
important sur les valeurs de couleur à 50 pour cent de luminosité et s’atténuent au
niveau des valeurs proches de 0 et de 100 pour cent de luminosité.Chapitre 9 Primary In 217
Vous pouvez ainsi apporter des modifications à la couleur, sans affecter les zones
d’ombres et de hautes lumières de l’image. Par exemple, vous avez la possibilité d’ajouter un peu de bleu aux tons intermédiaires pour neutraliser un peu le grain de peau
d’un acteur, tout en conservant des ombres profondes et sans teinte, et des zones de
hautes lumières claires et pures.
Corrections de la couleur des zones de hautes lumières
Les corrections apportées à l’aide de la commande de balance des couleurs Highlight
s’appliquent à l’image via une opération de multiplication (la couleur sélectionnée dans
cette commande est multipliée par la couleur de chaque pixel de l’image). Par définition, ce type d’opérations par multiplication s’atténuent dans les parties les plus sombres de l’image et n’ont aucun effet sur les parties noires à 0 pour cent.218 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Cette commande Highlight est extrêmement utile pour corriger les problèmes de
balance des couleurs liés à la source lumineuse prépondérante qui génère les zones
de hautes de lumière, sans appliquer la moindre teinte accidentelle aux ombres. Dans
l’exemple ci-après, un peu de bleu est ajouté aux hautes lumières pour neutraliser
l’orange dû à l’éclairage au tungstène.
Chevauchement des commandes Color Balance
Le large chevauchement des corrections de couleur effectuées à l’aide des trois commandes Color Balance est nécessaire pour assurer une transition sans à-coups entre
les ajustements apportés d’une zone tonale à l’autre et éviter ainsi les effets de bande
et autres imperfections. En règle générale, les corrections appliquées à une zone tonale
modifient les autres zones tonales de la manière suivante :
 Les ajustements effectués à l’aide de la commande Shadow se superposent aux zones
de tons intermédiaires et à la partie la plus sombre des zones de hautes lumières, mais
excluent les zones de l’image dotées des pourcentages les plus élevés.
 Les ajustements appliqués aux tons intermédiaires affectent la plus grande partie
de l’image, mais ne modifient pas les ombres avec les pourcentages les plus faibles
et les zones de hautes lumières avec les pourcentages les plus élevés.
 Les ajustements appliqués aux zones de hautes lumières affectent également les tons
intermédiaires, mais ne modifient pas les ombres avec les pourcentages les plus faibles.Chapitre 9 Primary In 219
Contrôle du chevauchement des commandes Color Balance
Bien que les zones tonales affectées par les trois commandes Color Balance soient pré-
déterminées par les opérations mathématiques appliquées, il est possible d’exercer un
certain contrôle sur les zones de l’image modifiées par les corrections liées à une commande Color Balance particulière. Pour ce faire, il vous suffit d’appliquer des corrections
opposées avec les autres commandes Color Balance.
Ce principe est concrétisé dans l’exemple suivant. Si vous réglez la balance de couleur des
hautes lumières pour ajouter du bleu à un dégradé linéaire, l’aperçu suivant est affiché.
Comme vous pouvez le constater, cette modification affecte les blancs et les tons intermédiaires. Si vous souhaitez limiter l’effet sur les tons intermédiaires, tout en conservant
cette correction sur la partie supérieure des blancs, vous pouvez recourir à la méthode
décrite précédemment et utiliser des couleurs complémentaires pour qu’elles se neutralisent, ainsi qu’appliquer une correction opposée moins extrême avec la commande de
balance des couleurs Midtone.220 Chapitre 9 Primary In
La correction des zones de hautes lumières qui affectait les tons intermédiaires est
désormais neutralisée dans la partie inférieure de ces tons intermédiaires.
Même si l’application de plusieurs commandes Color Balance opposées peut sembler
un non-sens, il s’agit d’une technique puissante. Au fil du temps, vous appliquerez
d’instinct de plus en plus de corrections de ce type pour limiter les effets de vos
corrections préalables sur les zones tonales avoisinantes.
Commandes Curves
Situées en dessous des commandes de couleur dans le studio Primary In, ces commandes vous offrent une méthode supplémentaire pour corriger la couleur et le contraste
de vos images. Si vous êtes habitué aux applications de traitement d’image comme
Photoshop, vous avez très certainement déjà utilisé des courbes.
Il existe deux différences majeures entre les commandes Curves et Color Balance :
 Les commandes Curves vous permettent d’apporter des modifications à un nombre
illimité de zones tonales (autant que vous avez décidé d’en définir), alors que les
commandes Color Balance modifient seulement trois plages tonales prédéfinies.
 Chaque commande Curves affecte uniquement un seul canal de couleur, alors
que les commandes Color Balance vous permettent de corriger rapidement les
trois canaux de couleur simultanément.
 Les courbes ne peuvent pas être animées à l’aide d’images clés, mais tout autre
paramètre des studios Primary In et Primary Out peut l’être.Chapitre 9 Primary In 221
En règle générale, les commandes Color Balance sont plus rapides à utiliser lorsque vous
appliquez des modifications importantes aux zones d’ombres, de tons intermédiaires et
de hautes lumières d’une image. Quant aux commandes Curves, elles nécessitent souvent plus de temps, mais elles permettent des corrections extrêmement précises au sein
de zones tonales très restreintes de l’image, très proches du type d’opérations normalement réalisées par le biais de corrections secondaires de la couleur.
Important : quel que soit le pouvoir de séduction des courbes, soyez attentif à ne passer
trop de temps à peaufiner vos plans à l’aide des commandes Curves, tout spécialement
lors de rendez-vous avec le client, car dans ces situations, le temps passé se résume à une
histoire d’argent. Il n’est pas rare de se laisser noyer dans la correction minutieuse d’un
seul plan alors que l’horloge ne cesse de tourner. Gardez à l’esprit que d’autres outils
vous permettent d’accomplir ce travail de détail bien plus vite.
Impact des courbes sur l’image
Les courbes fonctionnent en mettant en correspondance les valeurs de couleur et
Luma d’origine avec les nouvelles valeurs choisies. Pour ce faire, il suffit de changer leur
hauteur. L’axe X du graphique représente les valeurs source comprises dans l’ensemble
de la plage tonale de l’image d’origine, du noir (à gauche) au blanc (à droite). Quant à
l’axe Y, il représente la plage tonale disponible pour la correction, du noir (en bas) au
blanc (en haut).
En l’absence de la moindre correction, chaque commande de courbe est une ligne
droite en diagonale. Autrement dit, chaque valeur source étant égale à sa valeur de
correction, aucune modification n’est effectuée.
Valeur source
Valeur d’ajustement222 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Si une partie de la courbe est rehaussée par le biais d’un ou de plusieurs de ses points
de contrôle, les valeurs source représentées sur la courbe et correspondant à la zone
tonale de l’image sont remplacées par une valeur plus élevée. Cette partie de l’image
devient donc plus claire.
Si une partie de la courbe est abaissée par le biais d’un ou de plusieurs de ses points
de contrôle, les valeurs source représentées sur la courbe et correspondant à la zone
tonale de l’image sont remplacées par une valeur plus faible. Cette partie de l’image
devient donc plus sombre.
Modification des points de contrôle et des courbes B-Splines
Par défaut, chaque courbe comporte deux points de contrôle. Les points situés en bas
à gauche et en haut à droite correspondent respectivement au point noir et au point
blanc de ce canal. Ces deux point de contrôle ancrent chaque courbe en bas et en haut.
Effets d’une augmentation des tons intermédiaires via la courbe de luminance
Effets d’une réduction des tons intermédiaires via la courbe de luminanceChapitre 9 Primary In 223
Dans Color, les courbes sont modifiées à l’aide de courbes B-splines, qui utilisent des
points de contrôle qui ne sont pas réellement fixés sur la courbe, afin de l’« attirer »
selon différentes formes, comme agirait un aimant sur un fil de fer. Voici, par exemple,
une courbe comportant un seul point de contrôle et entraînant une augmentation
disproportionnée des hautes lumières par rapport aux tons intermédiaires :
Le point de contrôle surplombant la courbe attire l’ensemble de la courbe vers le haut,
alors que ses extrémités restent en place.
La complexité d’une courbe est déterminée par le nombre de points de contrôle qui
exercent une influence sur cette courbe. Si vous ajoutez deux points de contrôle de
chaque côté, puis que vous les déplacez vers le bas, la courbe est modifiée comme
illustré ci-dessous.
Pour accentuer les courbes, rapprochez leurs points de contrôle les uns des autres. En
revanche, pour des courbes plus douces, il vous suffit d’éloigner les points de contrôle
les uns des autres.
Les procédures suivantes décrivent la création, la suppression et la modification de
points de contrôle en vue de modifier les paramètres d’une courbe.224 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Pour ajouter des points de contrôle à une courbe :
m Cliquez n’importe où sur la courbe.
Pour modifier un point de contrôle :
m Faites-le glisser n’importe où dans la zone de la courbe.
Pour supprimer un point de contrôle d’une courbe :
m Faites-le glisser vers le haut ou le bas, n’importe où en dehors de la zone de la courbe.
Pour supprimer tous les points de contrôle d’une courbe :
m Cliquez sur le bouton Reset (dans le coin supérieur gauche du graphique de chaque
courbe) de la courbe dont vous souhaitez supprimer tous les points de contrôle.
Utilisation des courbes pour régler le contraste
L’une des méthodes les plus simples pour comprendre l’utilisation des courbes consiste à régler le contraste d’une image avec sa courbe Luma. La courbe Luma permet
de modifier simultanément les canaux rouge, vert et bleu de l’image (comme vous
pouvez le constater si vous observez le graphique de l’oscilloscope réglé sur Parade
tout en modifiant la courbe Luma). L’effet obtenu est une modification de la luminosité de l’image.
Remarque : si vous apportez des corrections à la courbe Luma d’une image, vous risquez d’affecter sa saturation. En effet, l’augmentation considérable de la valeur Luma
d’une image peut réduire sa saturation.
Il existe une correspondance d’ordre général entre les commandes décrites dans la
section précédente « Utilisation des commandes de contraste Primary » et le point
noir, les tons intermédiaires et le point blanc de la courbe Luma. Ainsi, le déplacement vers le haut du point noir de la courbe entraîne une augmentation de la valeur
du point noir.Chapitre 9 Primary In 225
Le déplacement vers le bas du point blanc de la courbe réduit la valeur du point blanc
de l’image.
Ces deux points de contrôle correspondent plus ou moins aux commandes de contraste
Shadow et Highlight. Si vous ajoutez un troisième point de contrôle vers le milieu de la
courbe Luma, vous pouvez modifier la répartition des tons intermédiaires compris entre
les points noir et blanc. Cette correction est similaire à l’utilisation de la commande de
contraste Midtones. Si vous déplacez ce point de contrôle central vers le haut, vous augmentez la répartition des tons intermédiaires, ce qui éclaircit l’image tout en conservant
les points noir et blanc à leur place.
En revanche, si vous déplacez ce point de contrôle central vers le bas, vous réduisez
la répartition des tons intermédiaires, ce qui assombrit l’image tout en conservant
les points noir et blanc à leur place.226 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Même si ces trois points de contrôle offrent des fonctionnalités à peu près identiques
aux commandes de contraste Shadow, Midtone et Highlight, tout l’intérêt des courbes
réside dans la possibilité d’ajouter d’autres points de contrôle, en vue d’apporter des
corrections de luminosité ciblées sur certaines zones tonales de l’image.
Exemple d’utilisation d’une courbe Luma
L’exemple suivant illustre l’utilisation de la courbe Luma pour apporter des modifications très particulières au contraste d’une image. Si vous observez la forme d’onde sur
l’illustration suivante, vous constatez que le ciel est nettement plus clair que le reste de
l’image. Pour attirer immédiatement l’attention du spectateur sur le personnage assis à
son bureau, vous souhaitez assombrir le ciel à l’arrière de la fenêtre, sans affecter la luminosité du reste de l’image.
1 Avant de procéder aux modifications elles-mêmes, paramétrez les tons intermédiaires
et les ombres de l’image en ajoutant un point de contrôle à la courbe sans la déplacer
vers le haut ou vers le bas.
L’ajout de points de contrôle auquel vous ne toucherez pas sur une partie d’une courbe
que vous ne souhaitez pas modifier est une méthode efficace pour réduire l’effet d’autres
corrections que vous serez amené à faire sur des zones particulières d’une image. Si vous
ajoutez ensuite des points de contrôle supplémentaires pour corriger la courbe, les points
de contrôle non modifiés vous aident à limiter l’effet de vos corrections.Chapitre 9 Primary In 227
? Conseil : lors de l’ajout de plusieurs points de contrôle supplémentaires à une courbe,
utilisez la grille pour identifier l’emplacement des parties de la courbe que vous souhaitez conserver à l’état d’origine (neutre) de l’image. Lorsqu’elle ne comporte aucune correction, une courbe coupe en diagonale les intersections de la grille d’arrière-plan.
2 Pour procéder à la modification, faites glisser le point blanc qui se trouve au coin
supérieur droit, afin d’assombrir le ciel.
Veillez à ne pas faire glisser ce nouveau point de contrôle trop bas, car si l’on n’y prend
pas garde, il est très facile d’appliquer des corrections produisant un effet peu naturel
ou solarisé avec les courbes, tout spécialement si une partie de la courbe est inversée.
Il s’agissait d’une correction très ciblée, mais vous pouvez aller plus loin. Maintenant
que le ciel est plus atténué, vous avez envie d’éclaircir les hautes lumières du visage
de l’homme en augmentant le contraste de cette partie de l’image.228 Chapitre 9 Primary In
3 Ajoutez un point de contrôle en dessous du premier point créé, puis faites-le glisser
vers le haut jusqu’à ce que le visage de l’homme s’éclaircisse.
Le visage de l’homme est désormais plus clair, mais les ombres semblent quelque
peu délavées.
4 Ajoutez un tout dernier point de contrôle en dessous du dernier créé, puis faites-le
glisser très légèrement vers le bas pour foncer les ombres sans affecter les parties
plus claires de l’image.
Comme vous pouvez vous en rendre compte, la courbe Luma est un outil puissant
pour appliquer des corrections très ciblées.
La courbe Luma limite la plage des curseurs Primary Contrast
L’un des aspects importants des commandes Curves est qu’il leur arrive de limiter la
plage des réglages ultérieurs avec les curseurs Primary Contrast situés dans le même
studio. Cet aspect devient évident si vous abaissez le point blanc d’une image avec sa
courbe Luma. Vous serez par la suite dans l’incapacité d’utiliser le curseur de contraste
Highlight pour augmenter la luminosité de cette image au-delà du niveau défini par
la courbe Luma. Vous pourrez néanmoins apporter d’autres corrections au contraste
dans les autres studios.Chapitre 9 Primary In 229
Utilisation des courbes pour ajuster la couleur
Contrairement aux commandes Color Balance qui modifient les trois canaux de couleur simultanément, chaque commande Color Curve affecte un seul canal. De plus, les
courbes de couleur rouge, verte et bleue vous permettent d’appliquer des corrections
au sein de zones tonales particulières définies par les points de contrôle ajoutés aux
courbes. Vous pouvez ainsi effectuer des ajustements de couleur très précis, limités à
des zones de l’image aussi restreintes ou étendues que vous l’avez défini.
Exemple d’utilisation de courbes de couleur
Dans l’exemple suivant, vous allez apprendre à appliquer une correction ciblée pour
éliminer une dominante de couleur des tons intermédiaires les plus bas, des ombres
et des zones de hautes lumières extrêmes d’une image, tout renforçant la même dominante dans les zones de hautes lumières les plus basses.
L’image suivante présente une dominante rouge distincte des ombres jusqu’aux zones
de hautes lumières, ce qui est confirmé par la forme d’onde élevée du canal rouge dans
le graphique de l’oscilloscope réglé sur Parade.
Remarque : pour plus de clarté, le filtre Broadcast Safe a été désactivé afin que vous
distinguiez mieux le bas des formes d’onde sur l’oscilloscope réglé en mode Parade.
Dans le cadre de ce plan, vous souhaitez conserver la lumière rouge qui éclaire le
visage de la femme, comme s’il s’agissait d’un effet intentionnel faisant partie de
l’ambiance de la scène. Toutefois, vous aimeriez supprimer une partie du rouge
dans les zones d’ombres, afin qu’elles semblent plus foncées et que le personnage
ressorte mieux sur l’arrière-plan.
1 Ajoutez un point de contrôle à la courbe rouge à proximité de son niveau inférieur,
puis faites-le glisser vers le bas jusqu’à ce que la dominante de couleur s’atténue. 230 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Le niveau du point de contrôle doit normalement faire coïncider le bas de la forme
d’onde rouge dans le graphique de l’oscilloscope réglé sur Parade avec le bas des
formes d’ondes verte et bleue.
Cette opération a sans aucun doute neutralisé le rouge dans les zones d’ombres. Comme
cet unique point de contrôle a un impact sur l’intégralité de la courbe, la correction a malheureusement supprimé beaucoup du rouge d’origine au sein des tons intermédiaires.
? Conseil : si vous vous demandez où placer les points de contrôle sur une courbe en
vue de modifier une zone particulière de l’image, utilisez la hauteur des graphiques
correspondants dans l’oscilloscope réglé sur Parade (si vous réglez la couleur) ou sur
Luma (si vous ajustez la courbe Luma). Si vous souhaitez, par exemple, corriger les
zones de hautes lumières de l’image, vous serez sans doute amené à placer un point
de contrôle sur la courbe à la même hauteur approximative que les zones de hautes
lumières apparaissent sur le graphique de la forme d’onde.Chapitre 9 Primary In 231
2 Ajoutez un autre point de contrôle à proximité du sommet de la courbe rouge, puis
faites-le glisser vers le haut jusqu’à ce qu’une partie du « remplissage » rouge réapparaisse sur le côté du visage de la femme.
Vous avez ainsi ajouté du rouge sur le visage de la femme. Par la même occasion, vous
avez ajouté du rouge aux zones de hautes lumières de la source lumineuse principale.
Comme la principale source de lumière de ce plan est le soleil visible au travers de
la fenêtre, ce rouge supplémentaire est inapproprié et doit donc être corrigé.
3 Faites glisser le point de contrôle correspondant au point blanc sur la courbe rouge
vers le bas jusqu’à ce que le rouge soit neutralisé dans les zones de hautes lumières
les plus claires du visage, mais arrêtez-vous avant que l’éclairage ne vire au turquoise.232 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Une fois cette étape réalisée, la correction est terminée. Du rouge est présent dans la
lumière éclairant le visage de la femme, alors que les ombres et les zones de hautes
lumières très claires du soleil semblent naturelles, ce qui augmente d’autant le contraste des couleurs de l’image.
Voici une comparaison avant/après pour que vous puissiez voir la différence.Chapitre 9 Primary In 233
Onglet Basic
Cet onglet met à votre disposition les commandes Saturation, ainsi que les paramètres
Master lift, Gamma et Gain qui vous permettent d’apporter des modifications supplé-
mentaires au contraste de votre image.
Commandes Saturation
La saturation décrit l’intensité de la couleur d’une image. Elle est contrôlée par trois
paramètres qui, comme d’autres commandes du studio Primary In, vous permettent
d’effectuer des ajustements distincts sur les différentes zones tonales d’une image.
Comme les commandes de contraste et de couleur, les corrections de saturation appliquées à une certaine tonalité s’atténuent progressivement sur les bords de chaque correction pour garantir des transitions fluides.
Définition du contraste des couleurs
Dans cette documentation, le terme « contraste » fait généralement référence aux différences entre les tons clairs et sombres de l’image. Toutefois, ce terme recouvre également le contraste entre les différentes couleurs d’une image. Le contraste des couleurs
est un vaste sujet qui nécessite d’aborder la teinte, la température de couleur, la luminosité et la saturation. Pour simplifier à l’extrême, le contraste des couleurs correspond à la différence entre les couleurs présentes dans les diverses zones de l’image.
Dans l’exemple précédent, l’image était à l’origine baignée dans une dominante de
couleur uniforme. Autrement dit, vous y trouviez du rouge aussi bien dans ses zones
d’ombres, de tons intermédiaires que de hautes lumières : les différentes zones de
l’image ne présentaient que très peu de contraste des couleurs. En supprimant la
dominante de couleur de certaines zones et en la conservant dans d’autres, vous
avez augmenté le contraste des couleurs entre le personnage principal et l’arrièreplan. Dans le cas de certaines images, le contraste des couleurs peut ajouter une certaine sophistication visuelle à un résultat qui serait plutôt fade.234 Chapitre 9 Primary In
 Saturation : ce paramètre contrôle la saturation de l’intégralité de l’image. Sa valeur
par défaut, égale à 1, n’applique aucune modification à la saturation de l’image. Si
vous réduisez cette valeur, vous diminuez l’intensité de la couleur de chaque pixel
de l’image. À 0, l’image devient une image monochrome en niveaux de gris, n’affichant que son composant Luma. Vous pouvez augmentez la valeur du paramètre
Saturation jusqu’à 4 pour accroître l’intensité de la couleur.
Faites attention à ne pas trop augmenter la saturation d’une image, car les couleurs
commencent à se « fondre » les unes aux autres et le signal obtenu n’est pas admis
pour la diffusion.
Saturation réduite de plus de la moitié
Image d’origine
Image beaucoup trop saturéeChapitre 9 Primary In 235
Si les paramètres Broadcast Safe sont activés, la conformité légale de l’image est proté-
gée, mais certaines parties extrêmement colorées vont sembler aplaties, car la valeur
Chroma de l’image est limitée par la valeur que vous avez définie. L’effet est visible sur
le Vectorscope par une concentration aux bords du graphe. Même si vous ne travaillez
pas sur un projet de diffusion vidéo, des couleurs trop saturées peuvent provoquer des
problèmes et ne correspondent, de toute façon, à aucun critère professionnel.
 Highlight Sat. : ce paramètre contrôle la saturation des zones de hautes lumières
de l’image. Vous pouvez ainsi désaturer séparément les zones de hautes lumières
de votre image, ce qui peut vous aider à garantir la conformité légale de plans
posant des problèmes et à restaurer du blanc dans les zones de hautes lumières
les plus claires d’une image.
Saturation des hautes lumières complètement abaissée
Saturation des hautes lumières augmentée236 Chapitre 9 Primary In
 Shadow Sat. : ce paramètre contrôle la saturation des ombres de l’image. Vous pouvez
ainsi désaturer séparément les zones d’ombres de votre image, afin de créer des noirs
donnant une impression de plus grande profondeur et d’éliminer une couleur inappropriée dans les ombres de vos images pour une ambiance plus cinématographique.
Commandes Master Contrast
Ces trois paramètres supplémentaires permettent également d’affecter le contraste
d’une image. Pour en savoir plus sur les réglages du contraste, consultez la section
« Utilisation des commandes de contraste Primary » à la page 195.
 Master Lift : contrairement au curseur de contraste primaire Shadow, le paramètre
Master Lift fonctionne uniquement comme un opérateur d’addition ou de soustraction. Il applique une correction globale au composant Luma de toute l’image, quel
que soit le réglage de la préférence Limit Shadow Adjustments. Pour en savoir plus
sur les corrections par soustraction, consultez la section « Réglage du point noir avec
le curseur Shadow » à la page 197.
 Master Gain : ce paramètre fonctionne exactement comme le curseur de contraste
primaire Highlight. Il ajuste le point blanc tout en conservant le point noir à son
niveau actuel et il échelonne tous les points intermédiaires entre ces deux points.
 Master Gamma : ce paramètre fonctionne exactement comme le curseur de
contraste primaire Midtone. Il ajuste la répartition des tons intermédiaires entre
0 et 100 pour cent.
Image d’origine
Saturation des ombres complètement abaisséeChapitre 9 Primary In 237
Onglet Advanced
Cet onglet comporte un autre ensemble de paramètres servant à régler chacun des
trois canaux de couleur primaire au sein de chacune des trois zones tonales. Il affiche
également un jeu de commandes Printer Points pour les coloristes habitués à utiliser
l’étalonnage colorimétrique optique pour les films.
Commandes RGB
Ces paramètres permettent de contrôler le contraste et la couleur par canal. Il ne s’agit
en aucun cas des représentations numériques des autres commandes du studio Primary
In. Comme les paramètres de l’onglet Basic, ils sont mis à disposition en supplément.
En règle générale, ces paramètres sont réglés lorsque le bouton Auto Balance est utilisé pour corriger automatiquement un plan (pour en savoir plus, consultez la section
« Auto Balance » à la page 239). Toutefois, vous pouvez y recourir selon vos besoins.
 Red, Green et Blue Lift : ces paramètres fonctionnent exactement comme le paramètre
Master Lift, mais ils modifient les canaux de couleur séparément.
 Red, Green et Blue Gain : ces paramètres fonctionnent exactement comme le paramètre
Master Gain, mais ils modifient les canaux de couleur séparément.
 Red, Green et Blue Gamma : ces paramètres fonctionnent exactement comme le paramètre Master Gamma, mais ils modifient les canaux de couleur séparément.
Commandes Printer Points
Ces paramètres sont mis à la disposition des coloristes habitués à travailler avec le système
Printer Points pour la synchronisation des couleurs des films. Employé par les appareils
d’impression des films, le système Printer Points permet de procéder à un étalonnage colorimétrique optique, en émettant une lumière filtrée au travers des négatifs afin de révéler
une impression positive intermédiaire et en créant au cours du processus un seule bobine
du film dont la couleur est déjà corrigée.
Le processus permettant de contrôler chaque plan et de corriger la couleur scène par
scène est réalisé à l’aide de trois commandes permettant d’ajuster séparément la proportion de lumière rouge, verte et bleue à laquelle le film est exposé, grâce à une série
de filtres et d’obturateurs optiques. Cette méthode peut être reproduite de manière
numérique par le biais des paramètres Printer Points.
? Conseil : vous pouvez contrôler ces paramètres à l’aide des boutons disponibles sur
la plupart des surfaces de contrôle compatibles.238 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Définition d’un point d’impression (Printer Point)
Chacun des paramètres rouge, vert et bleu est réglé par incréments discrets, appelés des
points d’impression (chaque point étant une fraction d’un rapport focal ƒ-stop, l’échelle
utilisée pour mesurer l’exposition d’un film). Color met en œuvre un système standard
employant un nombre total de 50 points par canal, où le point 25 correspond à l’état
neutre d’origine de ce canal de couleur. D’un point de vue technique, chaque point
représente 1/4 d’un ƒ-stop d’exposition (alors qu’un ƒ-stop représente un doublage
de la lumière). Chaque point complet d’exposition équivaut donc à 12 Printer Points.
Corrections à l’aide de points d’impression
Contrairement à la quasi-totalité des commandes disponibles dans le studio Primary In,
les paramètres Printer Points Red, Green et Blue appliquent une correction uniforme à
l’ensemble du canal de couleur correspondant, quelle que soit la tonalité de l’image.
Par ailleurs, la méthode utilisée pour les corrections est tout à fait unique. Pour émuler
le caractère spécifique des filtres utilisés dans ce type d’appareils, l’augmentation de la
valeur d’un paramètre, tel que Printer Points Red, n’accentue en rien la présence du
rouge. En fait, elle supprime le rouge, provoquant le décalage de l’image vers le cyan
(la valeur secondaire du vert et du bleu). Pour accentuer le rouge, vous devez donc
réduire la valeur du paramètre Printer Points Red.
L’augmentation ou la réduction simultanée des trois paramètres Printer Points assombrit l’image (en cas d’augmentation des trois) ou l’éclaircit (en cas de réduction des
trois). Si vous appliquez des modifications inconsidérées aux trois canaux, vous modifiez la balance des couleurs de l’image, ce qui modifie sa couleur et autorise la correction ou l’introduction de dominantes de couleur.
Paramètres Printer Points
 Printer Points Calibration : cette valeur calibre le système Printer Points en fonction du
standard Gamma du film que vous souhaitez utiliser. La valeur par défaut, égale à 7,8,
est le résultat de la multiplication de la valeur 12 (points par ƒ-stop) par la valeur 0,65
(le standard Gamma par défaut du film utilisé). 0,65 * 12 = 7,8. Pour recalibrer le système en vue d’utiliser une valeur Gamma de film différente, insérez votre propre
valeur Gamma value dans cette équation.
 Printer Points Red : valeur à ajouter ou supprimer du canal rouge.
 Printer Points Green : valeur à ajouter ou supprimer du canal vert.
 Printer Points Blue : valeur à ajouter ou supprimer du canal bleu.
Remarque : le studio Color FX affiche également un nœud Printer Points, qui fonctionne
comme les paramètres décrits dans cette section.Chapitre 9 Primary In 239
Auto Balance
Ce bouton vous permet d’effectuer une analyse automatique du plan en cours, en se
basant sur l’image située à la position de la tête de lecture. Cette méthode s’avère utile
pour restaurer rapidement l’état neutre d’un plan problématique avec une dominante
de couleur peu apparente, avant de procéder à d’autres corrections colorimétriques.
Lorsque vous cliquez sur ce bouton, Color échantillonne automatiquement les cinq
pour cent les plus sombres et les plus clairs de l’image, ainsi que les pixels de tons
intermédiaires les plus neutres compris entre les deux précédents échantillons, afin
de déterminer comment appliquer des corrections sur les zones d’ombres, de tons
intermédiaires et de hautes lumières pour neutraliser toute dominante de couleur
présente dans l’image. De plus, le contraste de l’image est étendu au maximum pour
occuper toute la plage disponible entre 0 et 100.
Remarque : contrairement aux commandes Balance automatique du filtre Étalonnage
à 3 voies de Final Cut Pro, la commande Auto Balance est totalement automatique et né
nécessite aucune sélection préalable de certaines zones de l’image pour lancer l’analyse.
Pour utiliser le bouton Auto Balance :
1 Dans la Timeline, placez la tête de lecture sur une image représentative du plan dont
vous souhaitez automatiser la balance des couleurs.
2 Cliquez sur Auto Balance.
Une fois l’analyse effectuée, les paramètres Red, Green et Blue Lift et Gain affichés par
l’onglet Advanced dans le studio Primary In sont réglés automatiquement avec les
valeurs obtenues pour ces corrections. Le rendu des blancs, des gris et des noirs dans
l’image résultante doit être totalement neutre.240 Chapitre 9 Primary In
Comme les corrections nécessaires sont apportées au moyen des paramètres Lift et
Gain de l’onglet Advanced, les commandes principales Shadow, Midtone, Highlight
et Curves ne sont pas utilisées et restent à votre disposition pour appliquer d’autres
corrections à l’image.
Informations sur la copie, l’enregistrement et la gestion des jeux
d’étalonnage
Pour en savoir plus sur l’activation d’autres jeux d’étalonnage disponibles, l’utilisation
des commandes Copy to, ainsi que l’intérêt des chutiers de corrections et de jeux
d’étalonnages pour enregistrer et appliquer des réglages à d’autres plans de votre
projet, consultez le chapitre 13, « Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage », à
la page 299.10
241
10 Secondaries
L’étalonnage secondaire vous permet d’isoler une partie
de l’image et de l’ajuster de façon sélective sans que cela
n’affecte le reste de l’image.
Après avoir apporté les premières corrections à une séquence à l’aide du studio Primary In,
l’étape suivante consiste à passer au studio Secondaries afin de réaliser des ajustements
plus ciblés.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Fonctions du studio Secondaries (p. 242)
 Premiers pas (p. 243)
 Choix de la région à corriger à l’aide des qualificateurs HSL (p. 244)
 Onglet Previews (p. 252)
 Isolement d’une zone à l’aide des commandes de vignette (p. 254)
 Ajustement des parties interne et externe de la sélection (p. 261)
 Utilisation des courbes secondaires (p. 263)
 Commandes de réinitialisation (p. 268)242 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
Fonctions du studio Secondaries
Le studio Secondaries a été conçu de façon à offrir une flexibilité optimale. Si son
objectif premier est de faciliter l’apport de corrections ciblées à des caractéristiques
précises d’une image, il peut également être utilisé pour réaliser diverses tâches.
 Isolement de zones en vue d’y apporter des corrections ciblées : il s’agit de la fonction
principale du studio Secondaries. Grâce à diverses techniques, vous pouvez exécuter
des fonctions permettant par exemple d’isoler les hautes lumières d’une image pour
modifier la qualité globale de la lumière, de cibler la couleur d’un vêtement trop
voyant pour la désaturer sans affecter le reste de l’image ou bien de sélectionner le
visage d’un acteur de façon à créer un effet « coup de soleil » via un flux de postproduction. Une fois que vous maîtrisez les techniques d’ajustement sélectif de l’image,
les possibilités sont infinies.
 Création d’effets de vignettes : habituellement les vignettes utilisées à des fins créatives ont pour effet d’assombrir les bords de l’image initialement créée à l’aide de
caches ou de filtres d’objectif. Vous pouvez créer n’importe quel type de vignette
à partir de formes prédéfinies ou personnalisées, afin d’assombrir (ou du moins de
marquer) certaines zones l’image. Les vignettes permettent d’attirer l’attention du
spectateur en mettant en évidence un sujet au premier plan ou en ombrant des élé-
ments de l’arrière-plan que vous ne souhaitez pas voir ressortir.
Avant Après
Avant AprèsChapitre 10 Secondaries 243
 Rectification numérique de l’éclairage sur des zones de l’image : la même fonctionnalité
peut être utilisée différemment, en dessinant des formes personnalisées pour isoler
des portions de l’image et ajouter des faisceaux ou des zones de lumières là où il n’y
en avait pas. Cela s’avère particulièrement utile lorsque la luminosité est trop faible et
que vous souhaitez rendre un élément de la scène plus intéressant.
 Apport de modifications ayant pour effet de changer la correction Primary In : le studio
Secondaries offre une fonctionnalité quelque peu originale, qui consiste à appliquer
une correction supplémentaire à l’ensemble de l’image, par-dessus la correction originale effectuée à l’aide du studio Primary In. Si vous n’utilisez aucun qualificateur secondaire, les ajustements effectués à l’aide des commandes de balance des couleurs, de
contraste et de saturation sont appliqués à l’ensemble de l’image, tout comme dans
le studio Primary In. Vous pouvez faire appel à cette fonctionnalité pour distinguer les
ajustements d’effets stylisés des corrections de base apportées dans le studio Primary In.
Pour en savoir plus sur ce type de flux de travaux, reportez-vous à la section « Utilisation
de tous les studios Primary, Secondary et Color FX pour gérer les corrections de
chaque plan » à la page 320.
Premiers pas
Le processus d’étalonnage secondaire, relativement simple, implique les étapes ci-après.
Étape 1 : Isoler la zone de l’image à ajuster
Il existe trois méthodes de base vous permettant d’isoler (on dit aussi qualifier) des élé-
ments ou zones d’une image dans le studio Secondaries :
 Sélection d’une gamme de couleurs, de degrés de saturation et de niveaux de luminosité.
 Utilisation d’une forme comme masque.
 Utilisation de l’une des courbes secondaires pour ajuster de façon sélective une partie du spectre.
Toutes ces méthodes sont expliquées dans le présent chapitre. Une fois que vous avez
sélectionné la zone de l’image à retravailler, le menu local Control vous permet d’appliquer des opérations distinctes sur la partie intérieure de cette zone et sur la partie exté-
rieure à celle-ci.
Avant Après244 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
Étape 2 : Effectuer des ajustements relatifs à la balance des couleurs, au contraste
et à la saturation
Après avoir sélectionné la zone à corriger, vous pouvez utiliser les mêmes commandes
de balance des couleurs, les mêmes curseurs primaires de contraste et les mêmes paramètres Lift/Gain/Gamma dans l’onglet Basic, ainsi que les paramètres RGB de l’onglet
Advanced, disponibles dans le studio Primary In. Pour en savoir plus sur ces commandes, reportez-vous au chapitre 9, « Primary In », à la page 191.
Remarque : le studio Secondaries propose un paramètre de correction supplémentaire,
non disponible dans les studios Primary In et Primary Out : le paramètre Global Hue.
Grâce à ce paramètre, vous pouvez faire pivoter la teinte de chaque couleur présente
dans l’image en une seule opération. À l’inverse des autres paramètres de l’onglet
Secondaries, le paramètre Global Hue affecte chaque pixel de l’image et n’est pas
limité par les qualificateurs HSL ou les commandes Vignette.
Étape 3 : Passer à l’onglet suivant (parmi les huit disponibles) pour apporter
d’autres corrections
Après avoir effectué les corrections de base, vous pouvez passer à l’opération secondaire
suivante. Le studio Secondaries permet d’effectuer jusqu’à huit opérations secondaires distinctes (ou seulement sept en mode simple affichage).
Dans les prochaines sections, vous allez apprendre à isoler des zones de l’image de
différentes façons.
Choix de la région à corriger à l’aide des qualificateurs HSL
L’une des méthodes les plus courantes permettant d’isoler un élément en vue de lui appliquer une correction ciblée consiste à utiliser les qualificateurs HSL (appelés ainsi car ils qualifient la partie de l’image à corriger) pour définir la clé de couleur sur la zone à étalonner.
Les initiales HSL correspondent aux termes anglais Hue, Saturation et Lightness, c’est-à-
dire Teinte, Saturation et Luminosité, les trois propriétés de couleur qui, réunies, définissent l’ensemble de la gamme de couleurs pouvant être représentée de façon numérique.
La qualification HSL est souvent l’un des moyens les plus rapides pour isoler les élé-
ments aux formes irrégulières ou les sujets en mouvement de l’image. Toutefois, comme
avec toute autre clé de chrominance ou de luminance, le sujet que vous tentez d’isoler
doit présenter une couleur ou un niveau de luminosité différent de celui de l’image qui
l’entoure. Fort heureusement, cela est assez fréquent et les teints de peau rougeâtres, le
ciel bleu, les vêtements ou objets à la saturation excessive et les zones d’ombres et de
hautes lumières sont souvent des sujets parfaitement adaptés à la correction secondaire.Chapitre 10 Secondaries 245
Si vous êtes habitué aux commandes d’effets de limite du filtre Étalonnage à 3 voies de
Final Cut Pro, vous verrez que les commandes HSL du studio Secondaries fonctionnent
plus ou moins de la même façon.
Les commandes HSL jouent le rôle de manipulateur de chrominance. En sélectionnant
des gammes de teinte, de saturation et de luminosité, vous créez un cache alors utilisé
pour définir la zone sur laquelle les corrections seront appliquées. Tout ce qui se trouve
en dehors du cache reste inchangé (vous pouvez néanmoins préciser quelle portion du
cache vous souhaitez ajuster, la partie interne ou externe).
Les commandes de qualificateurs HSL échantillonnent toujours les données à partir de
l’image d’origine non corrigée. Cela signifie que, quels que soient les ajustements effectués dans le studio Primary In, ce sont les valeurs de l’image d’origine qui sont utilisées
pour définir la clé. Par exemple, même si vous désaturez complètement l’image dans le
studio Primary In, vous pouvez quand même appliquer une clé chromatique dans le
studio Secondaries.
Image d’origine Paramètres du qualificateur HSL
Cache Image corrigée246 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
? Conseil : il n’est pas nécessaire d’utiliser les trois qualificateurs lorsque vous définissez
une clé de couleur pour une zone de l’image. Chaque qualificateur est associé à une
case à cocher pouvant être activée ou désactivée individuellement. Ainsi, si vous désactivez les commandes H et S (teinte et saturation), vous pouvez utiliser la commande L
(luminosité) en tant que manipulateur de luminance. Cette technique, très performante, vous permet d’isoler des zones d’une image uniquement en fonction de la
luminosité de celle-ci.
Création rapide de clés secondaires à l’aide de la pipette HSL
La pipette (outil Eyedropper), située dans la partie supérieure gauche de l’onglet Basic,
permet un échantillonnage facile et rapide de valeurs de couleur à partir des images
que vous corrigez.
Pour utiliser la pipette afin de définir une clé secondaire :
1 Cliquez sur la pipette.
Elle est alors mise en surbrillance et un curseur en croix apparaît au-dessus de l’image,
dans les moniteurs Preview et Broadcast. Ce curseur vous permet d’échantillonner les
valeurs HSL de pixels de l’image.
2 Déplacez la souris pour positionner le curseur en croix sur un pixel doté de la couleur
sur laquelle vous souhaitez définir la clé, puis cliquez une fois pour échantillonner la
couleur de ce pixel unique.Chapitre 10 Secondaries 247
Le curseur en croix disparaît et les commandes HSL sont ajustées de façon à inclure
les valeurs échantillonnées, afin de créer le cache de clé. En outre, le bouton Enabled
s’active automatiquement (ce qui active l’effet de l’opération secondaire dans cet
onglet). L’onglet Previews est sélectionné au milieu du studio Secondaries, affichant
le cache de clé créé par les qualificateurs HSL (pour en savoir plus, reportez-vous à la
section « Onglet Previews » à la page 252).
Une fois le cache de clé créé, l’étape suivante consiste à utiliser les commandes d’étalonnage situées dans la partie supérieure du studio Secondaries pour appliquer la correction proprement dite. Pour en savoir plus, consultez le chapitre 9, « Primary In », à la
page 191.
En plus d’échantillonner des valeurs de couleur individuelles, vous pouvez également
utiliser la pipette pour échantillonner toute une plage de valeurs.
Pour utiliser la pipette pour échantillonner une plage de valeurs :
m Cliquez sur la pipette, puis faites glisser le curseur en croix sur l’étendue de pixels à
échantillonner.
Les commandes HSL se développent pour inclure la gamme complète des teintes, degrés
de saturation et niveaux de luminosité présents dans les pixels échantillonnés. Par consé-
quent, le cache de clé figurant dans l’onglet Previews est beaucoup plus complet.
Vous pouvez également utiliser la pipette pour développer un intervalle existant
de valeurs HSL.248 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
Pour développer la sélection HSL à l’aide de la pipette :
m Cliquez sur la pipette, puis maintenez la touche Maj enfoncée et cliquez sur un pixel
unique ou faites glisser le curseur en croix sur un intervalle de pixels.
Le curseur en croix disparaît et les commandes HSL sont développées de façon
à inclure l’intervalle des valeurs échantillonnées que vous avez sélectionnées, afin
de développer le cache de clé dans l’onglet Previews.
Remarque : lorsque vous sélectionnez un intervalle de plusieurs valeurs HSL, il peut
uniquement s’agir de valeurs adjacentes. Ainsi, vous ne pouvez pas exclure le jaune si
vous avec inclus le rouge et le vert (en supposant que vous deviez également exclure
le bleu, comme illustré dans la capture d’écran ci-dessous). Pour sélectionner des intervalles HSL non adjacents, vous devez utiliser plusieurs opérations secondaires.
Commandes HSL
Il n’est pas nécessaire d’utiliser la pipette pour sélectionner une plage de valeurs HSL.
Vous pouvez également utiliser les commandes HSL situées dans la partie supérieure
de l’onglet Basic pour sélectionner directement des gammes spécifiques de teinte, de
saturation et de luminosité.
Chacun de ces qualificateurs peut être activé ou désactivé individuellement. Un qualificateur activé participe à la création du cache de clé. La désactivation d’un qualificateur
implique que l’aspect de couleur associé ne sera pas utilisé.
À chaque qualificateur sont associés trois jeux de poignées, qui correspondent à trois
potentiomètres sur les surfaces de contrôle compatibles. Ces poignées peuvent également
être manipulées directement à l’écran à l’aide de la souris. Il s’agit des éléments suivants :
Plage
Centre
ToléranceChapitre 10 Secondaries 249
 Center : une poignée unique définit le milieu de l’intervalle de valeurs sélectionné.
 Range : une paire interne de poignées, situées de part et d’autre de la poignée centrale, définissent l’intervalle de valeurs initial participant à la création du cache de clé.
Il s’agit des pixels blancs unis visibles dans le cache.
 Tolerance : une paire externe de poignées définit une gamme qui entoure les valeurs
de l’intervalle pour créer une atténuation, donnant ainsi au cache de clé un contour
estompé. Il s’agit des pixels gris clair visibles dans le cache.
Pour régler le point central d’un qualificateur :
m Faites glisser le curseur vers l’intérieur des deux poignées Range.
Pour effectuer un réglage symétrique des poignées Range :
m Faites glisser directement les poignées Range ou faites glisser le curseur entre les poignées Range et Tolerance (si la tolérance est suffisamment large) afin d’élargir ou de
réduire l’intervalle.
Pour réaliser un ajustement asymétrique des poignées Range :
m Maintenez la touche Maj enfoncée et faites glisser la poignée à ajuster, tandis que
la poignée opposée reste en place.250 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
Lorsque vous effectuez un ajustement asymétrique, le point central se réajuste également en fonction du nouvel intervalle.
Remarque : il n’est pas possible d’effectuer un ajustement asymétrique à l’aide des
potentiomètres d’une surface de contrôle.
Pour ajuster les poignées Tolerance :
m Faites glisser le curseur vers l’extérieur des poignées Center, Range et Tolerance pour
élargir ou réduire le niveau de tolérance.
Vous pouvez également réaliser des ajustements asymétriques sur la tolérance
en maintenant la touche Maj enfoncée tout en faisant glisser le curseur.
Description des qualificateurs
 H (teinte) : définit la gamme de couleurs participant à la création de la clé. L’utilisation
du paramètre Hue seul pour définir un cache de clé peut renvoyer des résultats similaires à l’utilisation des courbes secondaires Hue, Sat et Lum. Étant donné que le spectre visible est représenté par un dégradé à ajustement automatique, les poignées H
sont les seules qui permettent de régler automatiquement les valeurs extrêmes de
cette commande, vous donnant ainsi la possibilité de sélectionner une gamme complète allant du bleu au vert, si nécessaire.
 S (saturation) : définit la gamme de niveaux de saturation participant à la création
de la clé. L’utilisation de la saturation seule pour définir un cache de clé peut être
efficace pour limiter manuellement les couleurs trop saturées. Si vous utilisez la saturation et la teinte mais excluez la luminosité, vous pouvez limiter manuellement des
couleurs spécifiques dans toute l’image.
 L (luminosité) : définit la gamme de niveaux de luminosité participant à la création
de la clé. L’utilisation de la luminosité seule pour définir un cache de clé constitue
une technique extrêmement performante, qui vous permet d’isoler rapidement des
zones des hautes lumières, des tons intermédiaires ou des ombres pour effectuer des
ajustements spécifiques, comme augmenter ou réduire la luminosité des ombres ou
bien encore manipuler la couleur au sein des hautes lumières.
 Bouton Reset : réinitialise les trois qualificateurs à leur état par défaut, qui correspond
à une sélection intégrale.Chapitre 10 Secondaries 251
Échantillons de couleurs
Un ensemble de six échantillons, présents sous les qualificateurs HSL, vous permettent
de définir automatiquement le qualificateur Hue sur une gamme étroite centrée sur
l’une des couleurs primaires bleu, rouge et vert, ainsi que sur l’une des couleurs secondaires cyan, magenta et jaune.
Les échantillons sont particulièrement utiles lorsque vous devez rapidement sélectionner des teintes pour un élément de l’image correspondant à l’une de ces couleurs. Lorsque vous choisissez un de ces échantillons, les commandes de saturation et de
luminosité restent totalement inchangées.
Pour ajuster le qualificateur Hue à l’aide de l’un des échantillons de couleurs :
m Cliquez sur un échantillon tout en appuyant sur la touche Maj.
Le qualificateur Hue est réinitialisé de façon à sélectionner la gamme de couleurs
correspondante.
Key Blur
Le paramètre Key Blur vous permet d’appliquer un flou uniforme sur le cache de clé,
afin d’estomper ce dernier. Cela peut grandement contribuer à rendre utilisable une
clé par ailleurs source de bruit ou difficile à exploiter. Par défaut, ce paramètre a la
valeur 0 et sa valeur maximale est de 8.
Remarque : vous pouvez définir manuellement le paramètre de flou de clé sur des
valeurs encore plus élevées en saisissant directement celles-ci dans le champ Key Blur.
Sans flou de clé Avec flou de clé252 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
L’un des intérêts de l’incrustation en vue de l’étalonnage réside dans le fait que, contrairement à l’incrustation visant à la création d’effets visuels, vous n’êtes pas toujours
obligé de créer des caches de clé dotés de bords parfaitement lisses ou de surfaces
intérieures totalement unies. Souvent, une clé apparemment médiocre fonctionnera
sans problème, en particulier lorsque l’ajustement est subtil, dans la mesure où l’effet
lui-même n’attire pas trop l’attention.
Par ailleurs, il est important de noter que parfois, le vide observé dans le cache de clé
qui vous préoccupe peut en fait correspondre à une ombre du sujet isolé, que vous ne
souhaitez pas inclure dans la correction.
Onglet Previews
L’onglet Previews est une fenêtre en deux parties qui vous guide à travers les étapes
d’ajustement lorsque vous utilisez les qualificateurs HSL et les commandes de vignette
décrits dans ce chapitre. Deux images basse résolution vous présentent différentes
vues de l’opération effectuée.
Vérification des clés secondaires lors de la lecture
Lors de la lecture, il est conseillé de vérifier l’aspect des clés secondaires que vous avez
définies. Parfois, une opération secondaire qui semblait parfaite lors de l’étalonnage pré-
sente des tremblements sur les bords ou des « claquements » résultant de bruits ou de
l’intégration d’un intervalle de valeurs marginales situées juste à l’extrémité de l’intervalle sélectionné (cela se produit souvent pour les éléments d’une image dont la clé est
difficile à définir). Dans ce cas, des ajustements supplémentaires peuvent être nécessaires pour éliminer le problème.
Par ailleurs, les clés secondaires qui fonctionnent correctement dans une partie d’une
séquence peuvent ne pas fonctionner de la même façon quelques secondes plus
tard, si la luminosité change. Avant de passer à l’étape suivante, il est toujours préfé-
rable de vérifier comment se présente une opération secondaire sur toute la durée
d’une séquence.Chapitre 10 Secondaries 253
Remarque : les options Matte Preview Mode et Vignette Outline n’apparaissent dans l’affichage Preview de la fenêtre Scopes que lorsque l’onglet Previews du studio Secondaries
est sélectionné.
 Vignette Previews : l’image de gauche illustre la position et la taille de la forme de vignette
actuellement sélectionnée, si cette option est activée. Lorsque vous utilisez les vignettes
de type Square ou Circle, cette fenêtre contient également une commande à l’écran qui
permet de déplacer, de redimensionner et d’estomper la vignette. En revanche, si vous
avez sélectionné une forme User Shape dans le studio Geometry, vous verrez un contour
non modifiable de cette forme. Pour en savoir plus sur les vignettes, reportez-vous à la
section suivante.
 HSL qualifier previews : l’image de droite illustre le cache généré par les qualificateurs
HSL. Cette fenêtre n’inclut pas le masque généré par les commandes de vignette et
n’affiche pas le cache HSL tel qu’il apparaît lorsque le paramètre Key Blur est utilisé.
(Le cache HSL final, tel qu’il a été modifié par les vignettes et le flou de clé, est uniquement visible dans l’écran Preview lorsque le mode Matte Preview Mode est défini
sur Matte Only.)
Les zones blanches du masque indiquent les portions de l’image sélectionnées par
les paramètres de qualification en cours, qui seront eux-mêmes affectés par les ajustements apportés. Les zones noires de l’image représentent les portions de l’image
qui restent inchangées.
 Boutons Matte Preview Mode : ces boutons déterminent quels éléments sont visibles
dans l’affichage Preview de la fenêtre Scopes. Trois modes sont disponibles :
 Final Image : affiche un aperçu de l’effet final. Celui-ci est semblable à l’aperçu
standard affiché dans la fenêtre Scopes, à ceci près qu’il affiche également le
contour des vignettes, si l’option correspondante est activée.
 Desaturated Preview : les zones de l’image qui sont sélectionnées avec les paramè-
tres de qualification en cours apparaissent en couleur, tandis que les zones inchangées sont désaturées et apparaissent en monochrome.
Boutons de
mode d’aperçu
du cache
Contour de
la vignette
Aperçu de la vignette Aperçu du cache généré par le qualificateur HSL254 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
 Matte Only : affiche le cache utilisé pour limiter l’effet. Celui-ci est semblable à
l’image affichée dans l’écran d’aperçu des qualificateurs HSL, si ce n’est qu’il affiche le cumul du masque de vignette et du masque HSL, ainsi que les résultats
du masque modifié par le paramètre Key Blur.
 Vignette outline : lorsque le bouton Vignette est activé, ce bouton vous permet
d’activer ou de désactiver le contour des vignettes présentes dans la fenêtre Preview.
Isolement d’une zone à l’aide des commandes de vignette
Les commandes de vignette constituent un moyen extrêmement rapide d’isoler des
zones de l’image dotées d’une géométrie arrondie ou rectangulaire, comme le visage
d’une personne en gros plan ou une fenêtre en arrière-plan. Les vignettes sont également utiles pour isoler des sujets dont la clé est trop difficile à définir à l’aide des qualificateurs HSL.
D’un autre côté, si le sujet auquel vous voulez associer une vignette bouge, vous devez
soit animer la forme avec des images clés de façon à bouger avec le sujet (reportezvous au chapitre 14, « Images clés », à la page 323), soit utiliser le suivi de l’animation
pour créer automatiquement un chemin que la forme devra suivre (Pour en savoir
plus, consultez le paragraphe « Onglet Tracking » à la page 345).
Option Final Image : Option Desaturated preview
Option Matte onlyChapitre 10 Secondaries 255
Les vignettes servent également à sélectionner des zones vastes dans l’image, en vue
de les éclaircir ou de les assombrir. Un exemple courant consiste à utiliser une forme
pour entourer une zone de l’image sur laquelle vous souhaitez attirer l’attention du
spectateur. Basculez vers le menu local Outside, puis assombrissez l’arrière-plan en
dehors de cette forme à l’aide des curseurs de contraste afin de faire « ressortir »
davantage le sujet, visuellement parlant.
Pour finir, si les vignettes rondes ou carrées ne suffisent pas à isoler un sujet aux formes irrégulières, vous pouvez créer une forme User Shape personnalisée dans l’onglet
Shapes du studio Geometry, puis utiliser cette forme pour limiter l’étalonnage. Vous
pouvez même créer des sujets complexes par rotoscopie (processus qui consiste à
retoucher une animation image par image), afin de créer des ajustements très précis,
trop difficiles à isoler à l’aide des seuls qualificateurs HSL.
Les formes personnalisées peuvent uniquement être éditées et animées dans le studio
Geometry, mais les caches créés peuvent servir à isoler des ajustements dans n’importe
lequel des huit onglets Secondaries.
Avant Après ajustement par vignette256 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
Commandes de vignette
Les commandes de vignette sont situées sous l’onglet Previews. Certaines peuvent également être manipulées à l’aide des contrôles d’écran de l’onglet Previews, au-dessus.
Remarque : si vous disposez d’une surface de contrôle compatible, vous pouvez également faire appel aux commandes associées pour personnaliser la vignette.
 Bouton Vignette : ce bouton active ou désactive la vignette pour l’onglet en cours.
 Use Tracker : si vous avez analysé un ou plusieurs outils de suivi de l’animation dans
le projet en cours, vous pouvez spécifier quel outil utiliser, par numéro, pour animer
automatiquement la position de la vignette. Pour détacher une vignette de l’influence
de l’outil de suivi, définissez cette valeur sur 0.
Remarque : lorsque l’option Use Tracker fait référence à un marqueur de suivi de
votre projet, la position de la vignette (sa poignée centrale) est automatiquement
déplacée pour correspondre à la position des images clés, le long du chemin d’animation du marqueur. Cela a pour conséquence de transformer immédiatement votre
vignette et vous pouvez continuer à faire des ajustements de position pour amener
la vignette précisément au bon endroit. C’est à noter plus particulièrement si le personnage auquel est appliquée la vignette n’est pas celui qui fait l’objet du suivi.
 Menu local Shape : permet de choisir la forme à utiliser pour la vignette.
 Square : rectangle personnalisable par l’utilisateur. Vous pouvez utiliser les contrô-
les d’écran de l’onglet Previews ou les autres paramètres de vignette cités ci-après
pour modifier sa position et sa forme.
 Circle : ovale personnalisable par l’utilisateur. Vous pouvez utiliser les contrôles
d’écran de l’onglet Previews ou les autres paramètres de vignette cités ci-après
pour modifier sa position et sa forme.
 User Shape : lorsque vous sélectionnez une forme User Shape dans le menu local
Shape, vous êtes automatiquement redirigé vers l’onglet Shapes du studio Geometry,
où vous pourrez cliquer pour ajouter des points et ainsi dessiner une forme personnalisée à utiliser comme vignette. Une fois que vous avez terminé, cliquez sur le bouton
Attach, puis revenez au studio Secondaries pour apporter des ajustements supplé-
mentaires. Lorsque vous utilisez une forme personnalisée comme vignette, le reste
des paramètres de vignette n’est pas disponible. Vous pouvez simplement modifier et
animer cette forme depuis l’onglet Shapes du studio Geometry. Pour en savoir plus,
consultez la section « Onglet Shapes » à la page 337.
Les paramètres suivants sont uniquement disponibles lorsque vous utilisez les options
Square ou Circle du menu local Shape.Chapitre 10 Secondaries 257
 Angle : fait pivoter la forme actuelle. Il n’existe aucune commande à l’écran pour
ce paramètre.
 X Center : ajuste la position horizontale de la forme.
 Y Center : ajuste la position verticale de la forme.
 Softness : applique un effet de flou au contour de la forme.
 Size : agrandit ou rétrécit la forme.
 Aspect : ajuste le rapport hauteur/largeur de la forme.
Utilisation des contrôles d’écran pour ajuster les formes de vignette
Les paramètres X Center, Y Center, Softness, Size et Aspect peuvent tous être ajustés via
les contrôles d’écran disponibles dans l’image de gauche de l’onglet Preview.
Remarque : bien qu’il soit également possible de visualiser les contours correspondant aux
contrôles d’écran dans la zone Preview de la fenêtre Scopes lorsque le bouton Vignette
Outline est activé, ces contours de commande ne sont pas activés dans cette zone. Vous
ne pouvez effectuer ces ajustements que dans l’onglet Previews.
Pour déplacer la vignette :
m Faites glisser le curseur à l’intérieur ou à l’extérieur de la forme dans l’onglet Previews
pour déplacer la vignette dans cette direction.
Les paramètres X Center et Y Center sont ajustés simultanément. Color utilise le même
système de coordonnées que Final Cut Pro pour définir une position.258 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
Pour redimensionner la vignette :
m Faites glisser l’un des quatre angles de la vignette pour la redimensionner par rapport
à l’angle opposé qui, lui, reste verrouillé.
m Tout en appuyant sur la touche Option, faites glisser le curseur pour redimensionner
la vignette par rapport à son centre, représenté par un curseur en croix vert.
m Tout en appuyant sur la touche Maj, faites glisser le curseur pour redimensionner la
vignette tout en verrouillant son aspect, en agrandissant ou en réduisant la forme sans
modifier son rapport hauteur/largeur.
En fonction de l’opération effectuée, les paramètres X Center, Y Center, Size et Aspect
peuvent également être ajustés.
Pour ajuster l’atténuation de la vignette :
m Cliquez sur la molette de la souris et faites glisser pour appliquer un effet de flou au
contour de la vignette.
Cela a pour effet d’ajuster le paramètre Softness. Le degré d’atténuation est représenté
dans l’onglet Previews par une paire de cercles concentriques. Le cercle interne indique où commence le flou, le cercle externe où il se termine, ainsi que la forme.
Animation de vignettes
L’une des opérations les plus courantes consiste à placer un ovale sur le visage d’une
personne, puis d’éclairer cet ovale ou d’obscurcir tout le reste pour attirer davantage
l’attention sur le visage du sujet. Si le sujet reste immobile, cette opération est facile à
réaliser. En revanche, s’il commence à bouger ou à se déplacer, vous devrez animer la
vignette à l’aide d’images clés, de façon à ce que l’effet d’éclairage suive le sujet. Pour
en savoir plus sur l’animation à l’aide d’images clés, reportez-vous au chapitre 14,
« Images clés », à la page 323.
Une autre possibilité consiste à utiliser l’outil de suivi de l’animation pour suivre automatiquement les mouvements du sujet, puis appliquer le mouvement analysé à la
vignette. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Onglet Tracking » à la page 345.Chapitre 10 Secondaries 259
Utilisation d’une forme personnalisée pour appliquer une vignette
La procédure suivante explique comment utiliser l’option User Shape du menu local
Shape associé aux commandes de vignette.
1 Ouvrez le studio Secondaries, cliquez sur l’un des huit onglets pour sélectionner l’opé-
rateur secondaire à utiliser, puis activez les cases à cocher Enabled et Vignette pour
activer les commandes de vignette.
2 Sélectionnez l’option User Shape dans le menu local Shape.
L’onglet Shapes du studio Geometry s’ouvre immédiatement. La liste des formes qu’il
contient, disponible sur la droite, comporte une nouvelle forme prête à être modifiée.
3 Cliquez dans la zone d’aperçu Geometry pour ajouter des points de contrôle autour de
l’élément que vous souhaitez isoler, puis cliquez sur le premier point de contrôle créé
pour fermer la forme et mettre fin à l’ajout de points.
Par défaut, les formes tracées dans le studio Geometry sont des B-splines, qui utilisent
les points de contrôle non associés à la forme créée pour mettre cette dernière en
place (de la même façon que les B-splines utilisées par les commandes de courbe
dans les studios Primary In et Primary Out). Vous pouvez également transformer ces
formes en polygones simples si vous avez besoin d’une forme dotée d’angles plutôt
que de courbes. Pour cela, cliquez sur le bouton Polygon de l’onglet Shapes.
Remarque : si vous n’êtes pas sûr du nombre de points de contrôle à ajouter pour créer
la forme souhaitée, n’hésitez pas à en créer plus que le nombre apparemment requis.
Une fois la forme créée, il est très facile de modifier ses points. En revanche, vous ne
pouvez pas ajouter ou supprimer des points de contrôle pour une forme déjà créée.260 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
4 Si nécessaire, modifiez la forme pour qu’elle soit mieux adaptée à l’élément que vous
tentez d’isoler. Pour cela, faites glisser les points de contrôle pour manipuler la forme.
5 Pour adoucir les bords de la forme, augmentez la valeur du paramètre Softness.
Deux formes modifiables supplémentaires apparaissent à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de
la forme que vous avez tracée. La forme interne indique où commence l’adoucissement des bords, tandis que la forme externe indique l’extrémité de la forme adoucie.
Si nécessaire, vous pouvez ajuster chaque bordure indépendamment.
6 Si vous le souhaitez, vous pouvez saisir un nom identifiant la forme dans le champ
Shape Name, puis appuyer sur Entrée pour valider la modification.
7 Cliquez sur Attach, en haut de l’onglet Shapes, pour associer la forme que vous venez
de créer à l’onglet du studio Secondaries dans lequel vous vous trouviez à l’instant (le
numéro de l’onglet secondaire doit être affiché dans le champ Current Secondary, en
haut de l’onglet Shapes).Chapitre 10 Secondaries 261
8 Au besoin, vous pouvez également ajouter des images clés ou la fonction de suivi
de l’animation pour animer la forme en fonction des mouvements de la caméra ou
du sujet. Ainsi, la forme créée suit parfaitement l’action de la séquence.
9 Une fois la forme terminée, ouvrez le studio Secondaries.
La forme créée est ensuite visible à l’intérieur de la zone de vignette de l’onglet Previews.
À ce stade, le cache créé par la forme peut servir à limiter les corrections apportées,
comme c’est le cas pour tout autre cache secondaire.
Lorsque vous utilisez une forme personnalisée, les commandes de vignette de l’onglet
secondaire auquel la forme est assignée sont désactivées. Si, à un moment donné, vous
devez modifier la forme, vous devez procéder dans le studio Geometry. Les corrections
secondaires qui utilisent cette forme seront automatiquement mises à jour pour reflé-
ter les modifications apportées.
Utilisation simultanée de l’incrustation secondaire et des vignettes
Lorsque vous activez les commandes de vignette tout en utilisant les qualificateurs HSL
pour créer une clé secondaire, la vignette limite le cache créé par la clé. Cela peut s’avé-
rer extrêmement utile lorsque le meilleur cache de clé que vous arrivez à produire pour
isoler un élément de l’image entraîne des sélections non souhaitées en arrière-plan,
que vous ne parvenez pas à éliminer sans réduire la qualité du cache. Dans ce cas, vous
pouvez utiliser la vignette comme cache patate, pour éliminer les sections du cache de
clé qui se situent en dehors de la forme de vignette.
Ajustement des parties interne et externe de la sélection
Pour spécifier si les commandes de couleur, de contraste et de saturation s’appliquent
à la partie interne ou à la partie externe de l’élément isolé, vous devez utilisez le menu
local Control. L’une des fonctionnalités les plus intéressantes du studio Secondaries est
sa capacité à appliquer des corrections séparées aux parties interne et externe d’un
cache secondaire dans le même onglet. Cela signifie que chacun des huit onglets
secondaires peut comporter deux corrections distinctes.262 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
Dès que vous sélectionnez une autre zone à retravailler, les commandes se mettent
à jour pour refléter ces réglages.
Le menu local Control fournit également des options supplémentaires permettant
de modifier ces réglages.
 Inside : réglage par défaut. Lorsque l’option Inside est définie, tous les ajustements
effectués s’appliquent à la partie intérieure du cache secondaire (la zone en blanc,
lorsque vous regardez le masque lui-même).
 Outside : lorsque l’option Outside est définie, tous les ajustements effectués dans
l’onglet en cours s’appliquent à la partie externe du cache secondaire (la zone en
noir). Réaliser un ajustement par assombrissement sur la partie externe d’un cache
circulaire qui entoure l’intégralité de l’image et auquel un adoucissement des bords
a été appliqué constitue l’une des façons de créer un effet de vignette traditionnel.
 Copy Inside to Outside : copie la correction actuellement appliquée à la partie interne
du cache sur la partie externe. Cette opération est pratique si vous souhaitez copier
la même correction sur la partie externe, avant d’effectuer une petite modification.
Ainsi, la différence entre les corrections appliquées à la partie interne et la partie
externe reste minime.
 Copy Outside to Inside : copie la correction appliquée à la partie externe sur la partie
interne.
Avant l’ajustement intérieur Après
Avant l’ajustement extérieur AprèsChapitre 10 Secondaries 263
 Swap : permute les corrections appliquées aux parties interne et externe du cache
secondaire, de sorte qu’elles se retrouvent inversées.
Utilisation des courbes secondaires
Contrairement à ce que leur nom semble suggérer, les courbes secondaires sont en
fait un ensemble de commandes très performantes qui vous permettent de réaliser
des ajustements spécifiques aux paramètres de teinte, de saturation et de luminance
d’une image, uniquement à partir des zones de teinte spécifiées à l’aide de points de
contrôle placés sur une courbe.
Important : les courbes ne peuvent pas être animées à l’aide d’images clés, mais quasiment tout autre paramètre des studios Primary In et Secondaries peut l’être.
Le fonctionnement de ces courbes est très différent de celui des commandes de
courbe disponibles dans le studio Primary In. Par défaut, chaque courbe secondaire est
une ligne plane horizontale qui passe au milieu de la zone graphique.
Le spectre visible est représenté le long de la surface de la courbe par un dégradé à
ajustement automatique, dont les extrémités sont automatiquement renvoyées de
l’autre côté de la courbe. Les points de contrôle situés sur la gauche et sur la droite
de cette courbe sont liés de sorte que, lorsque vous en déplacez un, l’autre bouge
en même temps. Cela garantit une transition en douceur si vous apportez des ajustements au niveau de la couleur rouge.264 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
L’ajout de points à la surface de cette courbe vous permet de définir les zones de
teinte à ajuster. Si vous faites monter la courbe dans ces zones, la valeur de l’aspect
de couleur modifié par une courbe donnée augmente. Si vous faites descendre la
courbe, la valeur diminue.
Par exemple, si vous ajoutez quatre points de contrôle à la courbe de saturation pour
réduire la gamme allant du vert au bleu, vous pouvez sans problème désaturer tous
les éléments bleus et verts de l’image, tout en laissant intactes les autres couleurs.
Avant Après
Réglage de la courbe de saturationChapitre 10 Secondaries 265
L’un des aspects les plus appréciables de ces commandes vient du fait qu’elles permettent des ajustements très spécifiques visant à rétrécir ou élargir des zones de couleur,
avec des transitions extrêmement douces entre les zones corrigées et les zones non
corrigées de l’image. Dans de nombreux cas, les résultats seront bien meilleurs que
ce qu’auraient permis les qualificateurs HSL.
Un autre atout dont bénéficient ces commandes par rapport aux qualificateurs HSL
est qu’ils permettent de réaliser des ajustements simultanés sur des gammes de teintes non adjacentes. En d’autres termes, vous pouvez amplifier ou réduire les valeurs
des zones de rouge, de vert et de bleu d’une image, tout en minimisant l’effet de cet
ajustement sur les zones de jaune, de cyan et de magenta.
Les courbes secondaires utilisent des B-splines, tout comme les commandes des courbes primaires. En fait, vous pouvez ajouter et modifier des contrôles de point sur les
courbes secondaires exactement de la même façon. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la
section « Modification des points de contrôle et des courbes B-Splines » à la page 222.
Important : les ajustements réalisés à partir des courbes secondaires s’appliquent toujours aux teintes animées avec des images clés de l’image entière et ne sont pas limités par les commandes Vignette ou HSL.266 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
Onglet Hue Curve
Lorsque vous augmentez ou diminuez une partie de la courbe de teinte secondaire, vous
réalisez un ajustement de teinte semblable à ce que vous faites lorsque vous utilisez la
commande Global Hue, à ceci près que vous ne faites pivoter que la valeur de teinte de
la gamme de teintes sélectionnée spécifiée par la courbe. Si vous faites monter la courbe,
la valeur s’approche du rouge, si vous la faites descendre, la valeur s’approche du bleu.
Cette commande peut être utile pour réaliser de petits ajustements superficiels à la
section rouge/orange du spectre qui concerne les teints de peau, afin d’ajouter ou
de supprimer rapidement des couleurs chaudes.
Avant
Réglage de la courbe des teintes
AprèsChapitre 10 Secondaries 267
Onglet Sat Curve
Faire monter la courbe de saturation augmente le degré de saturation dans la portion
du spectre concernée, alors que le fait de la faire descendre diminue le degré de saturation. Cet outil est très performant pour créer des thèmes stylisés qui rehaussent ou
atténuent des couleurs spécifiques de l’image.
Avant
Réglage de la courbe de saturation
Après268 Chapitre 10 Secondaries
Onglet Lum Curve
Faire monter la courbe de luminance augmente la luminosité des couleurs dans la portion du spectre concernée, alors que le fait de la faire descendre assombrit les couleurs.
Faites appel à cet outil lorsque vous devez ajuster le contraste dans des zones de couleur spécifiques.
Commandes de réinitialisation
Le studio Secondaries est doté de deux boutons de réinitialisation.
 Bouton Reset Secondary : réinitialise uniquement l’onglet secondaire actuellement
ouvert.
 Bouton Reset All Secondaries : réinitialise tous les onglets secondaires du studio
Secondaries. Utilisez ce bouton avec précaution.
Avant
Réglage de la courbe de luminance
Après11
269
11 Color FX
Lorsque les contrôles d’étalonnage principal et secondaire
ne suffisent pas à créer l’aspect voulu, Color FX permet de
créer des effets sophistiqués via une interface utilisateur
arborescente.
Le studio Color FX est un environnement d’effets structuré de façon arborescente. Il a
été conçu comme une boîte à outils extensible que vous pouvez utiliser pour créer des
aspects personnalisés en traitant une image par le biais de combinaisons d’opérations
prenant la forme de nœuds. Chaque nœud est une opération de traitement d’image individuelle et en connectant ces nœuds, constituant ainsi des combinaisons ou arborescences
de nœuds, vous pouvez créer des effets sophistiqués de plus en plus complexes.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 L’interface Color FX (p. 270)
 Utilisation de Color FX (p. 270)
 Création et connexion de nœuds (p. 272)
 Ajustement des paramètres des nœuds (p. 274)
 Omission de nœuds (p. 276)
 Création d’effets dans le studio Color FX (p. 276)
 Utilisation de Color FX avec des plans entrelacés (p. 282)
 Enregistrement des effets préférés dans le chutier Color FX (p. 283)
 Guide de référence des nœuds (p. 284)270 Chapitre 11 Color FX
L’interface Color FX
Le studio Color FX est divisé en quatre zones principales :
 Liste Node : liste sur la gauche du studio Color FX contenant chaque opération de
traitement d’image pouvant être ajoutée. Certains de ces nœuds sont à entrée simple, effectuant cette opération sur chaque image insérée, tandis que d’autres sont à
entrée multiple, utilisant plusieurs copies de travail de l’image et les combinant via
différentes méthodes. Tous les nœuds sont ordonnés alphabétiquement.
 Vue Node : il s’agit d’une zone située au centre du studio Color FX, où les nœuds que
vous créez sont affichés, interconnectés et disposés en arborescences de nœuds qui
créent l’effet.
 Onglet Parameters : lorsque vous sélectionnez un nœud dans la vue Node, ses paramè-
tres s’affichent dans cet onglet afin que vous puissiez les ajuster et les personnaliser.
 Chutier Color FX : ce chutier fonctionne de façon similaire aux chutiers Correction et
Grades, vous permettant d’enregistrer les effets créés à des fins d’utilisation ultérieure.
Utilisation de Color FX
Le studio Color FX n’est pas un environnement de mixage dans lequel vous pouvez
combiner plusieurs images. La seule image que vous pouvez insérer dans ce studio
pour traitement est celle du plan en cours.
Fonctionnement des arborescences de nœuds
Dans la chaîne de traitement des images Color, le studio Color FX traite l’image telle
qu’elle apparaît après que des corrections aient été appliquées dans les studios Primary
et Secondaries. Les entrées de nœud non liées se connectent automatiquement à l’état
de l’image affecté par les studios Primary et Secondaries. Chaque arborescence de nœuds
débute ainsi, avec une entrée vide automatiquement connectée à l’image corrigée.
Remarque : la seule exception est le nœud Color, qui génère une image de couleur
unie que vous pouvez utiliser avec des nœuds mathématiques à entrée multiple pour
nuancer une image de différentes façons.Chapitre 11 Color FX 271
Pour effectuer plus d’opérations sur une image, il suffit simplement d’ajouter d’autres
nœuds, en connectant les sorties des nœuds précédemment ajoutés aux entrées de
nouveaux nœuds via des boucles (noodles).
Vous pouvez considérer une arborescence de nœuds comme une cascade de données
de traitement d’image. Les opérations de traitement d’image commencent en haut,
puis descendent en cascade, de nœud en nœud. Chaque nœud applique son effet sur
l’image sortant du nœud situé au-dessus, jusqu’à ce que le bas de l’arborescence soit
atteint, où l’image est à son état final.
Le dernier nœud de toute arborescence doit être le nœud Output. Il s’agit du nœud qui
renvoie l’image ayant été traitée par le studio Color FX dans la chaîne de traitement des
images Color. S’il n’existe pas de nœud Output ou s’il est déconnecté, l’arborescence de
nœuds n’aura aucun effet sur le plan et son effet ne sera pas rendu par la file d’attente
de rendu.
Remarque : la barre CFX n’apparaît que dans la piste des jeux d’étalonnage, pour
les plans pour lesquels ont été créés des nœuds de sortie.272 Chapitre 11 Color FX
Entrées et sorties de nœuds
Les nœuds à entrée simple appliquent une opération à l’image. Ils ne peuvent traiter
qu’une seule image entrante à la fois et vous ne pouvez donc connecter qu’une seule
boucle à une entrée.
Les nœuds à entrée multiple sont conçus pour combiner plusieurs variations de l’image
de différentes façons, afin de ne générer qu’un seul effet combiné. Ces nœuds fournissent plusieurs entrées afin que vous puissiez connecter plusieurs boucles.
Par contre, toute sortie de nœud peut être connectée à plusieurs nœuds ce qui permet
d’intégrer plusieurs copies de travail identiques de l’image à ce stade dans l’arborescence, afin d’y appliquer plusieurs opérations.
Création et connexion de nœuds
Dans cette section, vous allez apprendre les méthodes utilisées pour ajouter, supprimer et disposer des nœuds dans une arborescence et ce, afin de créer des effets.
Pour ajouter un nœud à la vue Node, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Double-cliquez sur un nœud de la liste.
m Sélectionnez un nœud dans liste, puis cliquez sur Add.
m Faites-glisser un nœud depuis la liste dans la vue Node.
Les nouveaux nœuds apparaissent toujours déconnectés dans la vue Node.Chapitre 11 Color FX 273
Pour supprimer un ou plusieurs nœuds de la vue Node :
m Sélectionnez un ou plusieurs nœuds dans la vue Node, puis cliquez sur Delete ou
Forward Delete.
Le nœud disparaît et les boucles connectées à celui-ci sont déconnectées.
Pour connecter la sortie d’un nœud à l’entrée d’un autre :
m Faites-glisser une boucle depuis la sortie d’un nœud vers l’entrée d’un autre.
Les boucles sont vertes lorsqu’elles sont créées, mais deviennent grises lorsqu’elles
sont connectées.
Remarque : lorsque vous positionnez le pointeur sur l’entrée d’un nœud, une petite
bulle d’aide s’affiche, indiquant son nom.
Si vous voulez que l’effet d’un nœud ne s’applique pas, vous pouvez cliquer sur son
bouton Bypass, en haut de l’onglet Parameters.
Pour déconnecter un nœud de celui du dessus :
m Faites glisser une boucle depuis l’entrée du nœud que vous voulez déconnecter vers
une zone vide de la vue Node.
Lorsque vous travaillez sur des arborescences volumineuses, il est judicieux de bien
les structurer afin qu’elles soient claires.274 Chapitre 11 Color FX
Pour réorganiser des nœuds dans la vue Node, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
m Faites glisser un nœud dans une direction.
m Faites glisser une zone de sélection sur un groupe de nœuds, puis faites glisser l’un
des nœuds sélectionnés dans une direction pour les déplacer ensemble.
Ajustement des paramètres des nœuds
Le fonctionnement de la plupart des nœuds peut être personnalisé via des paramètres
variant d’un nœud à un autre, selon sa fonction. Tous les paramètres des nœuds figurent
dans l’onglet Parameters, sur la droite du studio Color FX.
Pour afficher les paramètres d’un nœud dans l’onglet Parameters :
m Cliquez une fois sur le nœud à modifier.
Le nœud sélectionné s’affiche en cyan et s’il a des paramètres, ils s’affichent à droite
et peuvent être modifiés. Vous pouvez modifier les paramètres du nœud de la même
façon que dans d’autres studios.
Vous pouvez aussi choisir à quel stade d’une arborescence de nœuds vous voulez
visualiser l’image.
Pour afficher l’image traitée au niveau d’un nœud dans la vue Node :
m Double-cliquez sur le nœud à afficher.
Le nœud visualisé apparaît en jaune et l’image telle qu’elle apparaît au niveau de celuici dans l’arborescence figure dans les affichages Preview et Broadcast.Chapitre 11 Color FX 275
Remarque : étant donné que le double clic sur un nœud entraîne le chargement de
l’image correspondante et l’ouverture des paramètres correspondants sous l’onglet
Parameters, il apparaît également encadré de bleu.
Lorsque vous créez des effets multinœuds, il est souvent utile de visualiser un nœud
figurant au bas de l’arborescence lorsque vous ajustez un nœud situé plus haut. Ainsi,
vous pouvez ajuster n’importe quel paramètre tout en visualisant son effet sur l’ensemble de l’arborescence.
Dans l’exemple ci-après, on crée un aspect vaporeux mais très contrasté à l’aide d’une
série de nœuds composée des nœuds B&W, Curve et Blur d’un côté (pour créer la couche vaporeuse) et le nœud Bleach Bypass de l’autre (qui apporte un fort contraste), les
deux côtés étant reliés par un nœud Multiply pour créer la combinaison.
En peaufinant cet effet, vous souhaiterez ajuster le degré d’inclusion de l’image originale en noir et blanc à l’effet final en ajustant le nœud Curve, mais vous devez voir la
sortie du nœud Multiply pour savoir quel niveau d’ajustement vous devez effectuer.
Pour cela, double-cliquez sur le nœud Multiply afin d’en faire le nœud visualisé (surligné en jaune).
Puis cliquez une fois sur le nœud Curve pour charger ses paramètres sous l’onglet
Parameters (le nœud est alors encadré en cyan).276 Chapitre 11 Color FX
Omission de nœuds
Chaque nœud est doté d’un bouton Bypass figurant en haut de sa liste de paramètres.
Cliquez dessus pour désactiver l’effet qu’a ce nœud sur l’arborescence sans supprimer
le nœud de la vue Node.
Les nœuds ignorés sont soulignés d’une ligne pointillée orange.
Si vous voulez suspendre l’effet d’une arborescence de nœuds entière sans la supprimer ou activer le bouton Bypass de chaque nœud, vous devez déconnecter entièrement le nœud Output.
Création d’effets dans le studio Color FX
Cette section présente certaines des opérations les plus courantes effectuées dans
le studio Color FX.
Utilisation des nœuds à entrée simple
L’utilisation la plus simple de ce studio consiste à appliquer un ou deux nœuds à entrée
simple pour créer un effet stylisé. Dans ce cas, il vous suffit d’ajouter les nœuds à utiliser, de les connecter dans l’ordre dans lequel vous voulez qu’ils soient appliqués, puis
d’ajouter un nœud Output à la fin.Chapitre 11 Color FX 277
Dans l’exemple suivant, un nœud Bleach Bypass (qui modifie la saturation et le contraste d’une image pour simuler un traitement de film chimique) est suivi d’un nœud
Curve (pour modifier plus avant le contraste de l’image), suivi par le nœud Output qui
doit être ajouté à la fin de toutes les arborescences de nœuds.
Utilisation des nœuds de surimposition
Une utilisation plus sophistiquée des nœuds consiste à faire appel à des nœuds à
entrée multiple pour combiner au moins deux copies de travail de l’image traitées
séparément afin d’obtenir un effet combiné.
Dans l’un des exemples les plus simples, vous pouvez nuancer une image en connectant un nœud Color (qui génère une couleur définissable par l’utilisateur) à une entrée
d’un nœud de surimposition Multiply.278 Chapitre 11 Color FX
Ceci multiplie la couleur avec l’image corrigée (rappelez-vous que les entrées déconnectées se lient toujours aux données de l’image corrigée). En raison du mode de fonctionnement de la multiplication des images, les zones les plus claires de l’image sont
nuancées, alors que les zones progressivement plus sombres sont moins nuancées et
les zones noires restent inchangées.
Dans un exemple légèrement plus complexe, l’image est traitée via trois nœuds : un
nœud Duotone (qui désature l’image et mappe de nouveau le noir et blanc en deux
couleurs personnalisables), un nœud Curve (pour assombrir les tons intermédiaires) et
un nœud Blur. Le résultat est connecté à une entrée d’un nœud Add (les deux paramè-
tres BIas étant définis sur 1).
Les nœuds Duotone, Curve et Blur nuancent, assombrissent et rendent floue l’image
avant de l’ajouter à l’image corrigée (provenant de l’entrée 2). Le résultat obtenu est
un effet de diffusion avec des hautes lumières chaudes et éclatantes.Chapitre 11 Color FX 279
Explication sur les nœuds de surimposition mathématiques
Les nœuds de surimposition présentés dans l’exemple précédent font appel à des calculs simples pour combiner deux copies de travail de l’image modifiées différemment.
Ces opérations mathématiques reposent sur la méthode numérique suivante de repré-
sentation des tonalités dans chacun des trois canaux de couleur d’une image :
 Noir = 0 (donc noir pour RVB = 0, 0, 0)
 Les valeurs de tons intermédiaires dans chaque canal sont fractionnaires, de .00001
à .999999
 Blanc = 1 (donc blanc pour RVB = 1, 1, 1)
Gardez ces valeurs à l’esprit en lisant les sections suivantes.
Add
Les pixels de chaque image d’entrée sont ajoutés. Les pixels noirs ont la valeur 0, donc
l’ajout de noir à une autre couleur ne provoque aucun changement de l’image. Toutes
les autres valeurs sont augmentées de la somme des deux valeurs. L’ordre dans lequel
les entrées sont connectées n’a pas d’importance.
Les opérations d’ajout conviennent particulièrement bien à la création d’effets éclatants
agressifs, car elles ont tendance à augmenter les niveaux très rapidement en fonction des
images d’entrée. Notez que la meilleure façon d’agir sur les zones de l’image qui sont
affectées lors de l’utilisation d’une opération d’ajout est de régler de façon « agressive » le
contraste de l’une des images d’entrée. Plus une zone est sombre, moins elle aura d’effet.
Remarque : par défaut, les paramètres Bias du nœud Add divisent les valeurs de chaque image d’entrée par deux avant de les ajouter. Si les résultats ne sont pas aussi vifs
que vous le souhaitez, définissez les paramètres Bias Source 1 et Source 2 sur 1.
Difference
Les pixels de l’image connectée à Source 1 sont soustraits de ceux de l’image connectée à Source 2. Les pixels noirs ont la valeur 0, donc toute couleur à laquelle est soustrait du noir ne change pas par rapport à l’image Source 1. L’ordre dans lequel les
entrées sont connectées est important.
Ce nœud est utile pour assombrir l’image Source 1 basée sur la luminosité de l’image
Source 2.280 Chapitre 11 Color FX
Multiply
Les pixels de chaque image d’entrée sont multipliés. Les pixels blancs ont la valeur 1,
donc la multiplication du blanc avec une autre couleur ne provoque aucun changement de l’image. Cependant, lorsque le noir (0) est multiplié avec une autre couleur,
le résultat est noir.
Lors de la multiplication de deux images, leurs parties les plus sombres restent inchangées, alors que leurs parties les plus claires sont les plus affectées. Ceci est utile pour
les opérations de nuançage, comme indiqué précédemment, ainsi que pour les opérations où vous voulez combiner les parties les plus sombres de deux images.
Isolement de parties d’une image
Une autre méthode courante de création d’un effet de surimposition consiste à utiliser
un cache en niveaux de gris pour contrôler à quel endroit d’une image deux entrées
sont ajoutées. Le nœud Alpha Blend a trois entrées qui sont combinées pour créer
exactement cet effet.
Ce nœud fusionne l’entrée Source 2 avec l’entrée Source 1 dans toutes les zones où
l’image d’entrée Source 3 Alpha est blanche. Quand l’image d’entrée Alpha est noire,
seule l’entrée Source 1 est affichée.Chapitre 11 Color FX 281
Toute image à niveaux de gris peut être utilisée afin de créer un cache que vous pouvez connecter à l’entrée Alpha, pour obtenir divers effets. Dans l’exemple suivant, un
nœud Curve est utilisé pour manipuler le contraste de l’image de sorte qu’un nœud
Edge Detector puisse plus aisément isoler les bords de l’image pour créer un cache en
niveaux de gris, un nœud Blur est utilisé pour adoucir le cache des bords et un nœud
Invert est utilisé pour inverser les zones noires et blanches du cache de sorte que les
bords de la face deviennent les zones du cache qui sont transparentes, ou qui ne doivent pas être ajustées.
Ce cache est connecté à l’entrée Alpha du nœud Alpha Blend (la troisième entrée).
Un nœud Blur est alors connecté à l’entrée Source 2. 282 Chapitre 11 Color FX
Le nœud Blur rend floue l’image corrigée, mais l’image du cache connectée à l’entrée
Alpha limite son effet aux zones de l’image n’incluant pas le détail autour des bords qui
étaient isolés via le nœud Edge Detector.
Comme vous pouvez le voir, l’image connectée à l’entrée Alpha du nœud Alpha Blend
limite la façon dont les entrées Source 1 et Source 2 sont combinées. Il ne s’agit que
d’un exemple de la puissance du nœud Alpha Blend. Vous pouvez utiliser ce nœud
pour limiter un grand nombre d’effets différents.
Utilisation de Color FX avec des plans entrelacés
L’une des limites du studio Color FX est que de nombreux effets doivent être spécialement assemblés lorsque vous travaillez sur une vidéo entrelacée.
Lorsque vous créez un effet pour un plan entrelacé, vous devez séparer chaque trame
au début de l’arborescence de nœuds avec deux nœuds Deinterlace, l’un défini sur
Even et l’autre sur Odd. Une fois ceci fait, vous devez traiter chaque trame via des arborescences de nœuds identiques.
Lorsque vous avez obtenu l’effet, vous devez réassembler les trames en images via le
nœud Interlace, en connectant la branche Even de l’arborescence de nœuds à l’entrée
Even sur la gauche et la branche Odd à l’entrée Odd sur la droite. Enfin, le nœud Output
est connecté au nœud Interlace.Chapitre 11 Color FX 283
Si vous ne traitez pas chaque trame séparément, vous risquez de rencontrer des effets
d’image inattendus, particulièrement lors de l’utilisation de nœuds de filtrage et de
transformation comme Blur, Sharpen, Stretch et Translate.
Enregistrement des effets préférés dans le chutier Color FX
Lorsque vous avez créé un effet Color FX que vous aimez, vous pouvez l’enregistrer
pour vous en servir ultérieurement via le chutier Color FX. Ce chutier fonctionne
comme les chutiers de correction des autres studios.
Pour enregistrer un effet dans le studio Color FX :
1 Placez la tête de lecture sur un plan ayant une arborescence de nœuds que vous
voulez enregistrer.
2 Tapez un nom pour l’effet dans la zone File sous le chutier (cette étape est facultative,
mais recommandée).
3 Cliquez sur Save.
L’effet est enregistré avec une vignette extraite du plan depuis lequel il a été enregistré. L’indication d’un nom personnalisé est facultative, mais recommandée, pour vous
aider à effectuer un suivi de toutes vos corrections. Si vous n’indiquez pas de nom, les
corrections et les jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés sont automatiquement nommés de la
façon suivante.
Pour appliquer un effet ou un jeu d’étalonnage enregistré à un plan :
1 Placez la tête de lecture sur le plan auquel appliquer l’effet.
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Double-cliquez sur l’effet à appliquer.
 Sélectionnez un effet et cliquez sur le bouton Load sous le chutier.
 Faites glisser l’effet sur le plan auquel vous voulez l’appliquer.
L’effet sélectionné est appliqué au plan à la position de la tête de lecture. Vous pouvez
également appliquer une correction enregistrée à plusieurs plans.284 Chapitre 11 Color FX
Pour appliquer un effet enregistré à plusieurs plans :
1 Sélectionnez tous les plans auxquels vous voulez appliquer la correction dans le plan
de montage.
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Double-cliquez sur l’effet dans le chutier.
 Sélectionnez un effet enregistré et cliquez sur le bouton Load sous le chutier.
L’effet est alors appliqué à tous les plans sélectionnés dans le plan de montage.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’enregistrement et la gestion des corrections, reportez-vous
au chapitre 13, « Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage », à la page 299.
Guide de référence des nœuds
Cette section présente une brève description de chaque nœud qui figure dans la liste
de nœuds.
Nœuds en couche
Les nœuds suivants ont plusieurs entrées et sont utilisés pour combiner de différentes
façons au moins deux copies de travail traitées différemment de l’image corrigée.
Add
Ajoute mathématiquement chaque pixel des deux images d’entrée. Les opérations
d’ajout conviennent particulièrement bien à la création d’effets éclatants agressifs, car
elles ont tendance à augmenter les niveaux très rapidement en fonction des images
d’entrée. Notez que la meilleure façon d’agir sur les zones de l’image qui sont affectées
lors de l’utilisation d’une opération d’ajout est de régler de façon « agressive » le contraste de l’une des images d’entrée. Plus une zone est sombre, moins elle aura d’effet. Chapitre 11 Color FX 285
L’ordre dans lequel les entrées sont connectées n’a pas d’importance. Le nœud Add a
deux paramètres.
 Source 1 Bias : contrôle dans quelle mesure l’image Source 1 est ajoutée pour créer le
résultat final en multipliant la valeur de chaque canal par la valeur spécifiée. La valeur
par défaut est 0,5.
 Source 2 Bias : contrôle dans quelle mesure l’image Source 2 est ajoutée pour créer le
résultat final en multipliant la valeur de chaque canal par la valeur spécifiée. La valeur
par défaut est 0,5.
Alpha Blend
Ce nœud fusionne (comme le nœud Blend) l’entrée Source 2 avec l’entrée Source 1
dans toutes les zones où l’image d’entrée Source 3 Alpha est blanche. Quand l’image
d’entrée Alpha est noire, seule l’entrée Source 1 est affichée. L’ordre dans lequel les
entrées sont connectées affecte la sortie.
Blend
Ce nœud mélange deux entrées en fonction du paramètre Blend. L’ordre dans lequel
les entrées sont connectées n’a pas d’importance. Blend a un paramètre :
 Blend : lorsque sa valeur est 0, seule l’entrée 1 utilisée pour générer un résultat.
Lorsque sa valeur est 0,5, les entrées 1 et 2 sont fusionnées en parts égales et sont
utilisées pour générer un résultat. Lorsque sa valeur est 1, seule l’entrée 2 est utilisée
pour générer un résultat.
Darken
Favorise les parties les plus sombres de chaque entrée. Les pixels de chaque image se
chevauchant sont comparés et les plus sombres sont conservés. Les zones blanches de
chaque entrée ne donnent aucun résultat. L’ordre dans lequel les entrées sont connectées n’a pas d’importance.
Difference
Les pixels de l’image connectée à Source 1 sont soustraits de ceux de l’image connectée à Source 2. Les pixels noirs ont la valeur 0, donc toute couleur à laquelle est soustrait
du noir ne change pas par rapport à l’image Source 1. Puisqu’il s’agit d’une soustraction,
l’ordre dans lequel les entrées sont connectées est important.
Interlace
Les images connectées à chaque entrée sont entrelacées. L’entrée de gauche concerne
la trame Even, celle de droite la trame Odd. Ce nœud est utilisé à la fin des arborescences de nœuds commençant par des nœuds Deinterlace afin de traiter les effets des projets faisant appel à des données entrelacées.286 Chapitre 11 Color FX
Lighten
Le nœud Lighten accentue les parties les plus claires de chaque entrée. Les pixels de
chaque image se chevauchant sont comparés et les plus clairs sont conservés. L’ordre
dans lequel les entrées sont connectées n’a pas d’importance.
Multiply
Les pixels de chaque image d’entrée sont multipliés. Les pixels blancs ont la valeur 1,
donc la multiplication du blanc avec une autre couleur ne provoque aucun changement de l’image. Cependant, lorsque le noir (0) est multiplié avec une autre couleur,
le résultat est noir.
Lors de la multiplication de deux images, leurs parties les plus sombres restent inchangées, alors que leurs parties les plus claires sont les plus affectées. Ceci est utile pour
les opérations de nuançage, comme indiqué précédemment, ainsi que pour les opérations où vous voulez combiner les parties les plus sombres de deux images.
RGB Merge
Les trois entrées sont utilisées pour insérer des canaux individuels dans les canaux
rouge, vert et bleu. Vous pouvez séparer ces trois canaux de couleur via le nœud RGB
Split, traiter chaque canal à niveaux de gris individuellement, puis les réassembler dans
une image en couleurs avec ce nœud.
Nœuds d’effets
Les nœuds suivants ont une seule entrée et sont utilisés pour appliquer une correction
ou un effet à l’image.
B&W
Désature l’image pour générer une image monochrome à niveaux de gris constituée
uniquement du composant Luma.
Bleach Bypass
Augmente le contraste et désature l’image. Simule le processus de rétention de l’argent
en laboratoire photo, qu’on utilise pour augmenter le contraste des images dans les
films : omission de l’étape de blanchiment du développement du film, qui laisse des
grains d’argent exposés sur le négatif ce qui amplifie le contraste, augmente le grain
et réduit la saturation.
Blur
Rend l’image floue. Blur a un paramètre :
 Spread : Niveau de flou. Peut avoir une valeur comprise entre 0 (pas de flou) et 40
(flou maximal).Chapitre 11 Color FX 287
Clamp
Deux paramètres fixent les valeurs minimale et maximale dans l’image. Le nœud Clamp
a deux paramètres :
 Min : niveau minimal dans l’image. Les niveaux inférieurs à cette valeur sont définis
sur celle-ci.
 Max : niveau maximal dans l’image. Les niveaux supérieurs à cette valeur sont ramenés à cette valeur plafond.
Curve
Courbe affectant le contraste de l’image, similaire à la courbe Luma dans le studio Primary
In. La sélection de ce nœud révèle un contrôle des courbes dans l’onglet Parameters qui
fonctionne de façon identique à celui du studio Primary In.
Duotone
Désature l’image, en mappant ses points noir et blanc en deux couleurs personnalisables par l’utilisateur pour créer des images nuancées ayant deux nuances, du blanc au
noir. Duotone a deux paramètres :
 Light Color : couleur avec laquelle le point blanc est mappé.
 Dark Color : couleur avec laquelle le point noir est mappé.
Edge Detector
Filtre de convolution qui amplifie le contraste de l’image de sorte à réduire celle-ci à ses
contours les plus sombres. Edge Detector a deux paramètres :
 B&W : désature l’image résultante. utile pour générer des caches.
 Scale : ajuste le point blanc. Baisser cette valeur augmente le contraste et compresse
les valeurs de ton intermédiaire pour mettre l’accent sur les contours.
 Bias : ajuste le contraste global. Baisser cette valeur augmente le contraste et l’augmenter le baisse.
Exposure
Augmente les hautes lumières ou compresse les ombres, selon que vous augmentez
ou baissez la valeur du paramètre Exposure. Ce nœud a un paramètre :
 Exposure : l’augmentation ce paramètre accroît les hautes lumières tout en laissant
le point noir inchangé. La valeur 0 n’entraîne à aucune modification. Une baisse de la
valeur de ce paramètre réduit l’image, en compressant les ombres tout en baissant
les hautes lumières moins fortement.288 Chapitre 11 Color FX
Film Grain
Ajoute du bruit aux parties plus sombres d’une image pour simuler le grain du film ou
le bruit vidéo dus à une sous-exposition. Les hautes lumières dans l’image ne sont pas
affectées. Ce nœud est utile si vous devez mettre en correspondance un insert propre
et bien exposé dans une scène perturbée en raison d’une sous-exposition. Il est également utile pour donner un aspect austère à un film. Ce nœud a trois paramètres :
 Grain Intensity : rend le bruit plus visible en augmentant son facteur de contraste (en
insérant des pixels de bruit clairs et foncés) ainsi que la saturation du bruit.
 Grain Size : augmente la taille de chaque grain de bruit ajouté. Notez que la taille du
grain d’un film dépend de la résolution de votre projet. Un grain de film d’une taille
particulière appliqué à un plan de définition standard semblera plus granuleux qu’un
grain de la même taille appliqué à un plan haute définition.
 Monochrome : l’activation de ce bouton aboutit à la création de bruit monochrome
ou à niveaux de gris, sans couleur.
Film Look
Nœud « tout en un » relatif à l’aspect d’un film. Combine l’opération Film Grain décrite
ci-dessus avec un ajustement d’exposition de « Courbe en S » qui compresse légèrement les ombres et amplifie les hautes lumières. Le contraste dans les tons intermédiaires est étiré, mais leur distribution reste centrée, il n’y a donc aucun éclaircissement ou
assombrissement global. Ce nœud a trois paramètres :
 Grain Intensity : rend le bruit plus visible en augmentant son facteur de contraste (en
insérant des pixels de bruit clairs et foncés) ainsi que la saturation du bruit.
 Grain Size : augmente la taille de chaque grain de bruit ajouté. Notez que la taille du
grain d’un film dépend de la résolution de votre projet. Un grain de film d’une taille
particulière appliqué à un plan de définition standard semblera plus granuleux qu’un
grain de la même taille appliqué à un plan haute définition.
 Contrast : effectue un ajustement de « Courbe en S » au niveau du contraste qui
compresse les ombres et amplifie les hautes lumières. les tons intermédiaires restant
centrés. La valeur 0 conserve le contraste d’origine de l’image corrigée et la valeur 1
est l’expansion de contraste maximale possible avec ce nœud.Chapitre 11 Color FX 289
Gain
Ajuste le contraste en augmentant ou en baissant le point blanc de l’image sans déplacer le point noir et en adaptant les tons intermédiaires au nouveau point blanc et au
point noir. Ce nœud a quatre paramètres :
 Gain : ajuste les canaux rouge, vert et bleu simultanément, pour obtenir une modification globale des hautes lumières et des tons intermédiaires de l’image.
 Red Gain : ajuste uniquement le canal rouge, permettant un étalonnage basé sur
un ajustement de point blanc pour ce canal.
 Green Gain : ajuste uniquement le canal vert, permettant un étalonnage basé sur
un ajustement de point blanc pour ce canal.
 Blue Gain : ajuste uniquement le canal bleu, permettant un étalonnage basé sur
un ajustement de point blanc pour ce canal.
Gamma
Effectue un ajustement gamma standard ce qui aboutit à un ajustement non linéaire
pour augmenter ou baisser la distribution de tons intermédiaires de l’image sans déplacer les points noirs et blancs. Il s’agit d’une fonction de puissance, (f(x) = xa
). Ce nœud a
quatre paramètres :
 Gamma : ajuste les canaux rouge, vert et bleu simultanément, pour obtenir une
modification globale des tons intermédiaires de l’image.
 Red Gamma : ajuste uniquement le canal rouge, permettant un étalonnage basé
sur un ajustement gamma pour ce canal.
 Green Gamma : ajuste uniquement le canal vert, permettant un étalonnage basé
sur un ajustement gamma pour ce canal.
 Blue Gamma : ajuste uniquement le canal bleu, permettant un étalonnage basé
sur un ajustement gamma pour ce canal.
Grain Reduction
Réduit le grain et le bruit dans une image en effectuant une moyenne des pixels adjacents dans cette image en fonction des valeurs spécifiées dans les paramètres Master,
Red, Green et Blue Scale. La détection des contours peut être utilisée pour conserver
la netteté dans des zones de détails très contrastés via le paramètre Edge Retention
et une opération d’augmentation de la netteté peut être appliquée après la réduction
du grain pour amplifier les détails. Certains plans ayant un bruit plus apparent dans certains canaux de couleurs spécifiques, vous pouvez apporter des ajustements indépendants à chaque canal. Ce nœud a six paramètres :
 Master Scale : effectue une moyenne des pixels adjacents de chaque canal de couleur dans l’image pour réduire le grain et le bruit, au dépend d’un certain degré
d’atténuation de l’image.
 Red Scale : effectue sélectivement une moyenne des pixels dans le canal rouge.
 Green Scale : effectue sélectivement une moyenne des pixels dans le canal vert.
 Blue Scale : effectue sélectivement une moyenne des pixels dans le canal bleu.290 Chapitre 11 Color FX
 Edge Retention : utilise la détection des contours pour isoler des zones de détails très
contrastés dans l’image (comme les cheveux, les yeux et les lèvres d’un acteur filmé
en gros plan) et exclut ces zones de l’image de l’opération de réduction du grain
pour empêcher l’atténuation des détails les plus importants de l’image. Des valeurs
plus élevées préservent plus de l’image d’origine dans ces zones.
 Post Sharpening : applique un filtre de convolution de renforcement de la netteté
après l’opération de réduction de grain pour tenter de restaurer des détails perdus
une fois le grain atténué. Utilisez ce paramètre avec modération. Si vous indiquez
une valeur trop élevée, vous réintroduirez le grain que vous tentez de réduire.
Hue
Effectue une rotation de la teinte de chaque pixel dans la totalité de l’image. Ce nœud
a un paramètre :
 Shift : degré de modification de la teinte. Cette opération n’est pas effectuée en
degrés, comme cela est représenté dans le Vecteurscope. Une valeur de –1 à 1
est utilisée, –1, 0 et 1 plaçant la teinte aux valeurs d’origine.
Invert
Inverse l’image. Utile pour créer des « positifs » à partir du négatif d’une image. Aussi
utile pour inverser une image à niveaux de gris utilisée comme cache avec le nœud
Alpha Blend, pour inverser les parties du cache qui seront unies et transparentes.
Lift
Éclaire ou assombrit de façon uniforme la totalité de l’image, modifiant dans la même
mesure les ombres, les tons intermédiaires et les hautes lumières. Ce nœud a quatre
paramètres :
 Lift : ajuste les canaux rouge, vert et bleu simultanément, pour obtenir une modification globale de la luminosité de l’image.
 Red Lift : ajuste uniquement le canal rouge, permettant un étalonnage basé sur
un ajustement d’élévation pour ce canal.
 Green Lift : ajuste uniquement le canal vert, permettant un étalonnage basé sur
un ajustement d’élévation pour ce canal.
 Blue Lift : ajuste uniquement le canal bleu, permettant un étalonnage basé sur
un ajustement d’élévation pour ce canal.Chapitre 11 Color FX 291
Maximum
Effectue une moyenne des pixels adjacents (leur nombre étant défini dans le paramè-
tre Brush Size), pour générer un seul pixel plus important basé sur la valeur la plus
claire de ce groupe de pixels. Les valeurs les plus élevées aboutissent à des copies de
travail de l’image aplaties, presque semblables à des aquarelles. Ce nœud est aussi utile
pour étendre les zones blanches et lisser les images à niveaux de gris que vous utilisez
comme caches. Ce nœud a un paramètre :
 Brush Size : définit le nombre de pixels utilisés pour effectuer une moyenne afin
d’aboutir à un seul pixel plus grand. Des valeurs extrêmement importantes génèrent
des pixels carrés progressivement plus importants et se chevauchant d’une couleur
uniforme, amplifiant les tons pastels plus clairs de l’image.
Minimum
Effectue une moyenne des pixels adjacents (leur nombre étant défini dans le paramè-
tre Brush Size), pour générer un seul pixel plus grand basé sur la valeur la plus foncée
de ce groupe de pixels. Des valeurs plus importantes génèrent des copies de travail
aplaties et plus sombres de l’image. Ce nœud est aussi utile pour étendre les zones
noires et lisser les images à niveaux de gris que vous utilisez comme caches. Ce nœud
a un paramètre :
 Brush Size : définit le nombre de pixels utilisés pour effectuer une moyenne afin
d’aboutir à un seul pixel plus grand. Des valeurs très élevées génèrent des pixels
carrés progressivement plus importants et se chevauchant d’une couleur uniforme,
amplifiant les tons plus sombres et terreux de l’image.
Printer Lights
Fournit des paramètres Red, Green et Blur pour l’étalonnage qui fonctionnent de façon
identique aux contrôles Printer Points dans l’onglet Advanced du studio Primary In.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Commandes Printer Points » à la page 237.
Saturation
Augmente ou baisse la saturation de l’image globale, rendant l’image plus ou moins
colorée. Ce nœud a un paramètre :
 Saturation : la valeur par défaut 1 n’entraîne aucun changement. 0 aboutit à une
image complètement désaturée et la valeur maximale, 10, produit une copie de travail excessivement saturée, hyper stylisée de l’image.292 Chapitre 11 Color FX
Scale RGB
Étend ou réduit le facteur de contraste d’un plan, du point noir au point blanc, en centrant le point intermédiaire de cette opération à un pourcentage de tonalité d’image
que vous spécifiez. Ce nœud a deux paramètres :
 Scale : degré d’extension ou de réduction du facteur de contraste global dans le
plan. Il s’agit d’une opération à multiplicative, donc la valeur 1 ne provoque aucun
changement alors que des valeurs plus élevées augmentent le facteur de contraste
et des valeurs plus faibles le réduisent.
 Center : spécifie le pourcentage de tonalité d’image sur lequel l’extension et la réduction sont centrées, de sorte que les valeurs de l’image d’origine à ce pourcentage y
restent. La valeur par défaut (0,5) ajuste de façon égale les points blanc et noir dans
les deux directions (le point blanc va vers le haut et le point noir vers le bas, les valeurs
étant à 50 pour cent y restent). La valeur 0 fixe le point noir tout en appliquant la totalité de l’ajustement au point blanc, et la valeur 1 fixe le point blanc tout en appliquant
la totalité de l’ajustement au point noir.
Sharpen
Applique un filtre de convolution d’augmentation de la netteté qui améliore sélectivement le contraste dans des zones de détail de l’image afin de donner l’illusion de netteté. Doit être utilisé avec précautions car cette opération augmente aussi la netteté
du grain de film et du bruit vidéo. Ce nœud a un paramètre :
 Sharpen : des valeurs élevées augmentent le contraste des détails de l’image. La valeur
0 n’augmente pas la netteté.
Smooth Step
Applique un ajustement de type « Courbe en S » non ajustable pour compresser légè-
rement les noirs et amplifier les blancs, tout en fixant les points noir et blanc à 0 et 100
pour cent. Conçu pour émuler les tendances d’exposition d’un film au niveau « pied »
et « épaule » de l’image. Cet ajustement de contraste est similaire à celui effectué par
le nœud Film Look.Chapitre 11 Color FX 293
Stretch
Fournit des opérations de mise à l’échelle verticale et horizontale distinctes permettant
de compresser ou d’étirer l’image. Vous pouvez modifier le pixel central au niveau
duquel cette mise à l’échelle est effectuée. Ce nœud a quatre paramètres :
 Horizontal Center : pixel au niveau duquel la mise à l’échelle horizontale est centrée. Le
pixel central ne bouge pas, mais la mise à l’échelle de l’image est relative à sa position.
 Vertical Center : pixel au niveau duquel la mise à l’échelle verticale est centrée. Le pixel
central ne bouge pas, mais la mise à l’échelle de l’image est relative à sa position.
 Horizontal Scale : degré d’étirement horizontal de l’image. Des valeurs élevées étirent l’image vers l’extérieur et des valeurs faibles la compressent vers l’intérieur.
Lorsque la valeur par défaut (1) est utilisée, l’image est inchangée.
 Vertical Scale : degré d’étirement vertical de l’image. Des valeurs élevées étirent
l’image vers l’extérieur et des valeurs faibles la compressent vers l’intérieur. Lorsque
la valeur par défaut (1) est utilisée, l’image est inchangée.
Translate
Décale l’image relativement au coin supérieur droit. Ce nœud a deux paramètres :
 Horizontal Offset : déplace l’image vers la gauche.
 Vertical Offset : déplace l’image vers le bas.
Nœuds Utility
Les nœuds suivants ne combinent pas d’images et ne créent pas d’effets. Ils génèrent
des informations sur les canaux de couleurs ou extraient l’imagerie de cache de diffé-
rentes façons. Tous ces nœuds doivent être utilisés avec d’autres nœuds de surimposition et d’effet pour créer des interactions plus complexes.
Color
Génère une image de couleur unie. Peut être utilisé avec différents nœuds de surimposition pour ajouter des couleurs à diverses opérations. Ce nœud a un contrôle :
 Color : paramètre de couleur standard permettant de choisir la teinte, la saturation et
la luminosité de la couleur générée.
Deinterlace
Supprime l’entrelacement d’un plan de trois façons, correspondant à trois boutons.
Vous pouvez utiliser ce nœud pour supprimer l’entrelacement en fusionnant les trames ou utiliser deux nœuds Deinterlace pour séparer les trames Even et Odd d’un
plan entrelacé avant de traiter chaque trame séparément et les réassembler via le
nœud Interlace. Ce nœud a trois boutons :
 Merge : génère la combinaison fusionnée des deux trames.
 Even : génère uniquement la trame Even, ligne doublée pour préserver la résolution
en cours.
 Odd : génère uniquement la trame Odd, en doublant les lignes pour préserver la
résolution en cours.294 Chapitre 11 Color FX
HSL Key
Incrustateur HSL qui génère un cache en niveaux de gris que vous pouvez utiliser pour
isoler des effets via le mode Alpha Blend ou simplement pour effectuer une combinaison avec d’autres nœuds de surimposition de différentes façons. Cet incrustateur fonctionne de façon identique à celui du studio Secondaries. Pour en savoir plus, consultez
la section « Choix de la région à corriger à l’aide des qualificateurs HSL » à la page 244.
Output
Il doit s’agir du dernier nœud d’une arborescence de nœuds. Il génère l’effet créé dans
le studio Color FX pour la chaîne de traitement des images Color principale dans le
cadre du rendu. Si un nœud Output n’est pas connecté à l’arborescence, cet effet ne
sera pas rendu par la file d’attente de rendu.
RGB Split
Génère les canaux rouge, vert et bleu individuellement, en fonction du bouton sur lequel
vous cliquez. Chaque canal à niveaux de gris peut alors être manipulé indépendamment
avec différentes branches de l’arborescence de nœuds avant d’être réassemblé via le
nœud RGB Merge. Ce nœud a trois boutons :
 Red : génère le canal rouge.
 Green : génère le canal vert.
 Blue : génère le canal bleu.
Vignette
Crée une vignette carrée ou ronde. Cette vignette s’affiche en tant que couleur sur
l’aperçu de niveaux de gris si le nœud Vignette est visualisé directement. Lorsque les
résultats sont examinés en aval, par la visualisation d’un autre nœud traitant ses données
de sortie, la véritable image à niveaux de gris est présentée. Ce nœud a neuf paramètres :
 Use Tracker : si vous avez analysé un ou plusieurs outils de suivi de l’animation dans
le projet en cours, vous pouvez spécifier quel outil utiliser, par numéro, pour animer
automatiquement la position de la vignette. Pour détacher une vignette de
l’influence de l’outil de suivi, définissez cette valeur sur 0.
 Zone Type : permet de choisir la forme à utiliser pour la vignette. 1 correspond à
un cercle, 2 à un carré.
 Invert : cliquez sur ce bouton pour que la zone blanche devienne noire et vice versa.
 X Center : ajuste la position horizontale de la forme.
 Y Center : ajuste la position verticale de la forme.
 Size : agrandit ou rétrécit la forme.
 Aspect : ajuste le rapport hauteur/largeur de la forme.
 Angle : fait pivoter la forme actuelle. Il n’existe aucune commande à l’écran pour
ce paramètre.
 Softness : applique un effet de flou au contour de la forme.12
295
12 Primary Out
Le studio Primary Out offre un ensemble de commandes supplémentaires pour la correction globale des couleurs, mais
il peut également être utilisé comme outil afin d’effectuer
un Trim sur les jeux d’étalonnage appliqués à un groupe de
séquences sélectionné.
Ce chapitre décrit les différentes utilisations du studio Primary Out, qui dispose des
mêmes commandes que le studio Primary In. Pour en savoir plus sur les commandes
primaires de correction des couleurs, reportez-vous au chapitre 9, « Primary In », à la
page 191.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Utilisation du studio Primary Out (p. 296)
 Apport de corrections supplémentaires à l’aide du studio Primary In (p. 296)
 Présentation du processus de traitement de l’image (p. 297)
 Utilisation des commandes de plafonnement (p. 298)296 Chapitre 12 Primary Out
Utilisation du studio Primary Out
Le studio Primary Out est une réplique du studio Primary In en termes de commandes
et de fonctionnalités. Cela inclut notamment le partage des corrections enregistrées
(les studios Primary In et Primary Out ont accès aux mêmes corrections enregistrées
dans leurs chutiers).
L’intérêt du studio Primary Out se résume en trois points essentiels :
 Il constitue un studio supplémentaire par le biais duquel vous pouvez apporter de
nouvelles modifications au jeu d’étalonnage d’une séquence, sans pour autant modifier celui qui se trouve dans le studio Primary In.
 Dans le cadre du processus de traitement de l’image, le studio Primary Out vient
après les studios Primary In, Secondaries et Color FX, de sorte que vous pouvez appliquer des ajustements à l’image globale après avoir ajouté des corrections et des
effets dans les autres studios.
 Outre celles déjà disponibles dans le studio Primary In, le studio Primary Out dispose
de trois commandes supplémentaires. Les paramètres Ceiling constituent un moyen
supplémentaire de limiter les valeurs de couleur dans une séquence, afin de les légaliser ou de les styliser.
Apport de corrections supplémentaires à l’aide du
studio Primary In
L’interface Color a été conçue de façon à garantir une flexibilité optimale. Les fonctionnalités des divers studios de correction se recoupent largement et, bien que chaque
studio ait été arrangé en vue d’optimiser certains types d’opérations, vous pouvez
choisir d’effectuer des corrections à l’aide de vos commandes favorites.
Souvent, les coloristes aiment répartir les différentes étapes du processus de correction des
couleurs sur les différents studios. Ce point est expliqué en détail à la section « Utilisation
de tous les studios Primary, Secondary et Color FX pour gérer les corrections de chaque
plan » à la page 320.
En adoptant cette approche, vous pouvez effectuer la correction principale d’une
séquence à l’aide du studio Primary In, faire appel au studio Secondaries pour les
ajustements d’« aspect » stylisés, puis appliquer l’une de vos « combinaisons maison »
d’effets précédemment enregistrées dans le studio Color FX pour donner à la séquence
son jeu d’étalonnage définitif.
Dès que votre client aura la possibilité de visualiser le programme, il n’hésitera sans
doute pas à vous faire part de commentaires et de remarques supplémentaires. C’est
à ce moment-là que le studio Primary Out prend toute sa dimension.Chapitre 12 Primary Out 297
Jusqu’à présent, nous ne l’avons pas utilisé. Mais c’est précisément pour cela que vous
allez l’apprécier : vous pourrez appliquer très aisément toutes ces petites touches finales. Bénéficier d’un studio totalement à part pour pouvoir apporter ces corrections finales permet de revenir facilement dessus si jamais le client change d’avis.
Par ailleurs, il est très facile d’utiliser le studio Primary Out pour appliquer des modifications concernant une scène entière à plusieurs plans à la fois (on parle alors parfois
d’appliquer un Trim à d’autres jeux d’étalonnage).
Pour appliquer un Trim à un ou plusieurs jeux d’étalonnage sélectionnés à l’aide
du studio Primary Out :
1 Placez la tête de lecture sur la séquence que vous souhaitez ajuster, puis cliquez sur
le studio Primary Out.
2 Apportez les ajustements requis au moyen des commandes de couleur et de contraste.
3 Sélectionnez toutes les séquences de la timeline auxquelles vous souhaitez appliquer
ces ajustements.
4 Cliquez sur Copy To Selected.
La correction apportée à la séquence en cours dans le studio Primary Out est répercutée dans toutes les séquences sélectionnées.
Remarque : la commande Copy To Selected écrase les réglages antérieurs qui existent
dans le studio Primary Out. Par conséquent, si vous devez effectuer un autre ajustement, il vous suffit de répéter la procédure décrite ci-dessus pour appliquer cet ajustement à chaque séquence sélectionnée.
Présentation du processus de traitement de l’image
Le studio Primary Out permet également d’appliquer des corrections aux plans vidéo
après avoir effectué des ajustements dans les studios précédents.
Alors que l’image traitée passe de studio en studio (Primary In, Secondaries, puis Color
FX), les corrections apportées dans chacun d’eux sont appliquées lors du transfert de
l’image dans le studio suivant. Color FX étant le dernier studio de correction pour chaque jeu d’étalonnage, il traite l’image qu’il a lui-même produite. Vous pouvez tirer parti
de cet aspect pour appliquer des corrections globales à l’image post-traitée.
Dans l’exemple ci-après, une série d’ajustements hautement saturés sont effectués
dans chacun des studios, mais le studio Primary Out est utilisé pour réduire la saturation du résultat final, correction qui a pour effet de modifier de façon collective la sortie de tous les autres studios.298 Chapitre 12 Primary Out
Utilisation des commandes de plafonnement
Pour finir, le studio Primary Out dispose d’un groupe de commandes unique non disponible dans Primary In. Le bouton Enable Clipping de l’onglet Basic vous permet d’activer des valeurs de plafonnement individuelles pour les canaux de rouge, de vert et de
bleu associés à la séquence en cours.
Ainsi, si vous ne souhaitez pas activer l’option Broadcast Safe pour l’ensemble du programme, cela vous évite d’engendrer des valeurs de diffusion non autorisées dans les
séquences auxquelles vous appliquez des corrections Primary, Secondary ou Color FX
extrêmes.
Remarque : si les réglages Enable Clipping et Broadcast Safe sont tous les deux activés,
la norme de niveau inférieur s’applique.
 Bouton Enable Clipping : active les commandes Ceiling Red/Green/Blue afin qu’elles
prennent effet.
 Ceiling Red : définit le niveau chromatique maximal autorisé dans le canal de rouge.
Toutes les valeurs trop élevées seront ramenées à ce niveau.
 Ceiling Green : définit le niveau chromatique maximal autorisé dans le canal de vert.
Toutes les valeurs trop élevées seront ramenées à ce niveau.
 Ceiling Blue : définit le niveau chromatique maximal autorisé dans le canal de bleu.
Toutes les valeurs qui le dépassent seront ramenées à ce niveau.13
299
13 Gestion des corrections et des
jeux d’étalonnage
Color met à votre disposition de nombreux outils de gestion
des corrections et jeux d’étalonnage précédemment appliqués. En effet, vous pouvez gagner du temps en enregistrant,
copiant et appliquant des corrections et jeux d’étalonnage
déjà créés à plusieurs plans en une seule fois.
Il y a trois endroits de l’interface utilisateur de Color où vous pouvez enregistrer, organiser, copier, appliquer et plus généralement gérer les corrections et les jeux d’étalonnage :
le chutier des corrections de chaque studio, le chutier des jeux d’étalonnage et le navigateur de plans du studio Setup, et la piste des jeux d’étalonnage de la Timeline. Ce chapitre détaille l’utilisation de chacune de ces zones de l’interface.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Différence entre les corrections et les jeux d’étalonnage (p. 300)
 Enregistrement et utilisation de corrections et de jeux d’étalonnage (p. 300)
 Application de corrections et de jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés à des plans (p. 305)
 Gestion des jeux d’étalonnage dans la Timeline (p. 306)
 Utilisation des boutons « Copy to » dans les studios Primary (p. 309)
 Utilisation des commandes Copy Grade et Paste Grade (p. 311)
 Définition d’un jeu d’étalonnage parfait dans la Timeline (p. 312)
 Désactivation de tous les jeux d’étalonnage (p. 312)
 Gestion des jeux d’étalonnage dans le navigateur de plans (p. 313)
 Utilisation de tous les studios Primary, Secondary et Color FX pour gérer les corrections de chaque plan (p. 320)300 Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage
Différence entre les corrections et les jeux d’étalonnage
Il existe une différence majeure entre les corrections et les jeux d’étalonnage dans
Color. Comprendre cette différence est essentiel pour gérer correctement vos divers
ensembles de modifications.
Les corrections sont les modifications apportées au sein d’un seul studio. Vous avez
la possibilité d’enregistrer des corrections individuelles dans les chutiers disponibles
au sein des studios Primary In et Out, Secondaries et Color FX. Après les avoir enregistrées, vous pouvez appliquer ces corrections à un ou plusieurs plans de votre projet
sans modifier les réglages des autres studios. Par exemple, si vous souhaitez appliquer
une correction secondaire précédemment enregistrée à cinq plans d’une scène, vous
pouvez procéder sans affecter les corrections primaires déjà apportées à ces plans.
Bien que les studios Primary In et Primary Out contiennent les mêmes corrections enregistrées, chaque studio dispose de ces propres chutiers de corrections. Ils servent à
enregistrer et appliquer des corrections individuelles.
Quant au jeu d’étalonnage, il réunit plusieurs corrections effectuées au sein de divers studios, en enregistrant toutes les corrections primaires, secondaires et Color FX sous forme
d’une seule unité. Lorsque vous enregistrez un groupe de corrections sous forme de jeu
d’étalonnage, vous pouvez toutes les appliquer comme s’il s’agissait d’un seul préré-
glage. L’application d’un jeu d’étalonnage enregistré à un ou plusieurs plans écrase
toute correction précédemment appliquée à ces plans. Les jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés sont gérés à l’aide du chutier de jeux d’étalonnage situé dans le studio Setup.
Enregistrement et utilisation de corrections et de jeux
d’étalonnage
Vous pouvez enregistrer n’importe quel jeu d’étalonnage ou correction afin d’appliquer par la suite les réglages d’un plan à d’autres plans. Voici des exemples d’utilisation
de corrections et de jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés :
 Enregistrement du jeu d’étalonnage finalisé d’un plan de votre programme afin
de l’appliquer à d’autres plans partageant le même angle de couverture
 Enregistrement d’une correction apportée à un plan d’une bande posant un problème spécifique (par exemple, une bande avec une balance des blancs incorrecte
sur toute sa longueur) pour l’appliquer à tous les autres plans de la même bande
 Enregistrement d’une correction stylistique correspondant à une « ambiance » particulière dans le studio Primary, Secondaries ou Color FX pour l’appliquer à d’autres
scènes ou programmesChapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage 301
Enregistrement de corrections dans les chutiers correspondants
Les studios Primary In, Secondaries, Color FX et Primary Out disposent de chutiers
de corrections dans lesquels vous pouvez enregistrer des corrections propres à ces studios pour un usage ultérieur. Lorsque vous enregistrez des corrections dans l’un de ces
studios, elles sont disponibles dans tous les projets ouverts dans Color.
Pour enregistrer des corrections individuelles dans le chutier d’un de ces studios :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau du plan comportant la correction que vous
souhaitez enregistrer.
2 Attribuez un nom à la correction enregistrée dans le champ File situé en bas du
chutier de corrections (cette étape est facultative).
3 Cliquez sur Save.
La correction est enregistrée dans le chutier du studio sélectionné, accompagnée
d’une vignette du plan depuis lequel elle est enregistrée.
L’indication d’un nom personnalisé est facultative, mais recommandée, pour vous aider
à effectuer un suivi de toutes vos corrections. Si vous ne saisissez aucun nom, les corrections enregistrées (et les jeux d’étalonnage) se voient automatiquement attribuer
un nom selon la convention suivante :
TypeCorrection.Jour Mois Année Heure.Minute.Seconde FuseauHoraire.extension302 Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage
La date et l’heure indiquées correspondent à la seconde près à l’heure d’enregistrement de la correction. Par exemple, il est possible qu’une correction secondaire enregistrée se voit attribuer le nom suivant :
Secondaire.01 Mai 2007 10.31.47EST.scc
Les corrections de chaque studio sont enregistrées dans le sous-répertoire correspondant du répertoire /Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application Support/
Color. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Méthode d’enregistrement des jeux
d’étalonnage et des corrections » à la page 80.
Enregistrement de jeux d’étalonnage dans le chutier des jeux
Les jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés stockent en les regroupant toutes les corrections
appliquées dans les studios Primary In, Secondaries, Color FX et Primary Out. Il vous
faut donc suivre une étape supplémentaire.
Pour enregistrer un jeu d’étalonnage :
1 Cliquez sur l’onglet Grades dans le studio Setup.
2 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau du plan comportant le jeu d’étalonnage que vous
souhaitez enregistrer.
3 Faites en sorte que le jeu d’étalonnage à enregistrer soit le jeu d’étalonnage actuellement sélectionné pour ce plan.
4 Attribuez un nom à la correction enregistrée dans le champ File situé en bas du
chutier de corrections (cette étape est facultative).
5 Cliquez sur le bouton Save (tout en bas à droite du chutier de jeux d’étalonnage).Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage 303
L’étalonnage est alors enregistré dans le chutier de jeux d’étalonnage.
L’étalonnage est sauvegardé avec une vignette du plan à partir duquel il a été enregistré. Après avoir enregistré des jeux d’étalonnage, vous pouvez les supprimer, les organiser et les appliquer comme vous le feriez avec des corrections enregistrées (consultez la
section précédente).
Les jeux d’étalonnage sont enregistrés dans le répertoire /Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/
Bibliothèque/Application Support/Color/Grades.
Suppression de corrections et de jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés
Vous pouvez supprimer des corrections enregistrées dont vous n’avez plus besoin.
Pour supprimer une correction ou un jeu d’étalonnage enregistré :
1 Sélectionnez une correction dans l’un des chutiers.
2 Appuyez sur la touche Suppr ou Effacement vers l’avant.
3 Si une zone de dialogue d’avertissement apparaît, cliquez sur Yes.
La correction sélectionnée est supprimée de Color et du disque. Il est impossible
d’annuler cette opération.
Organisation des corrections et jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés à l’aide
des dossiers de Color
Les corrections enregistrées sont disponibles dans tous les projets que vous ouvrez.
C’est la raison pour laquelle vous trouverez certainement pratique d’enregistrer vos
corrections dans des dossiers situés au sein du chutier de chaque studio. Vous disposez
d’un certain nombre de méthodes pour utiliser les dossiers en vue d’organiser vos corrections enregistrées :
 Vous pouvez créer un dossier pour chaque nouveau projet sur lequel vous travaillez,
puis enregistrer toutes les corrections propres à un projet dans le dossier correspondant.
 Vous pouvez également créer des dossiers pour les jeux d’étalonnage que vous avez
enregistrés en vue de les utiliser avec n’importe quel projet. Par exemple, vous avez
la possibilité de créer une bibliothèque de vos propres « ambiances stylistiques »
afin de les appliquer rapidement et présenter ainsi différentes options à vos clients.
Remarque : vous ne pouvez enregistrer des corrections dans un dossier que si vous
l’avez créé au préalable.304 Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage
Pour créer un nouveau dossier dans un chutier :
1 Cliquez sur New Folder.
2 Donnez un nom au nouveau dossier dans la zone de dialogue Nouveau dossier, puis
cliquez sur Create.
Un nouveau dossier portant le nom indiqué est créé au sein du chutier de corrections
de ce studio.
À chaque fois que vous créez un dossier dans un chutier, vous créez également un
sous-répertoire dans le répertoire des corrections enregistrées pour ce studio, dans
le répertoire /Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application Support/Color.
Pour enregistrer une correction ou un jeu d’étalonnage dans un dossier :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau du plan comportant la correction ou le jeu
d’étalonnage que vous souhaitez enregistrer.
2 Double-cliquez sur un dossier du chutier de corrections ou de jeux d’étalonnage
pour l’ouvrir.
Le menu local Directory est mis à jour pour afficher le chemin dans le Finder du
dossier actuellement ouvert.
3 Attribuez un nom à la correction ou au jeu d’étalonnage enregistré dans le champ
File situé en bas du chutier de corrections (cette étape est facultative).
4 Cliquez sur Save.Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage 305
La correction ou l’étalonnage est alors enregistré dans ce dossier.
Important : il est impossible de déplacer une correction stockée dans un dossier une
fois qu’elle a été enregistrée à l’aide de l’interface Color.
Application de corrections et de jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés à des plans
Après avoir enregistré des corrections ou des jeux d’étalonnage, vous pouvez les
appliquer très simplement à un ou plusieurs plans de votre projet.
Pour appliquer une correction ou un jeu d’étalonnage enregistré à un seul plan :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau du plan auquel vous souhaitez appliquer la correction.
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Double-cliquez sur la correction ou l’étalonnage à appliquer.
 Sélectionnez la correction ou l’étalonnage à appliquer, puis cliquez sur le bouton
Load situé en bas du chutier.
 Faites glisser la correction ou l’étalonnage sur le plan auquel vous souhaitez l’appliquer.
L’étalonnage sélectionné est appliqué au plan au niveau de la position de la tête de
lecture. Vous pouvez également appliquer une correction enregistrée à plusieurs plans.
Pour appliquer une correction ou un jeu d’étalonnage enregistré à plusieurs plans :
1 Dans la Timeline, sélectionnez tous les plans auxquels vous souhaitez appliquer
la correction.
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Double-cliquez sur une correction ou un jeu d’étalonnage dans le chutier.
 Sélectionnez la correction ou l’étalonnage enregistré, puis cliquez sur le bouton
Load situé en bas du chutier.
La correction ou l’étalonnage est alors appliqué à tous les plans sélectionnés dans
la Timeline.
Réorganisation des corrections et jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés
dans le Finder
Comme chacun des chutiers de corrections reflète simplement le contenu du sousrépertoire correspondant dans le répertoire /Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothè-
que/Application Support/Color vous pouvez utiliser le Finder pour réorganiser les corrections et jeux d’étalonnage que vous avez enregistrés. Pour en savoir plus, consultez
la section « Réorganisation des corrections et jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés dans le
Finder » à la page 81.306 Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage
Gestion des jeux d’étalonnage dans la Timeline
Chaque plan peut comporter jusqu’à quatre jeux d’étalonnage représentés avec des
couleurs différentes dans les pistes de jeux d’étalonnage situées en dessous de la piste
vidéo. L’étalonnage actuellement sélectionné de chaque plan est affiché en bleu, alors
que les jeux d’étalonnage non sélectionnés apparaissent en gris. Les barres indiquant les
corrections individuelles des studios préalablement modifiés pour l’étalonnage actuellement sélectionné sont affichées dans d’autres couleurs, en dessous des barres d’étalonnage de chaque plan.
Vous pouvez utiliser ces barres de jeux d’étalonnage et de correction présentes dans la
piste de jeux d’étalonnage pour ajouter, basculer et copier des jeux d’étalonnage directement dans la Timeline.
Ajout et sélection de jeux d’étalonnage parmi plusieurs jeux
d’étalonnage
Dans la Timeline, chaque plan peut être réglé de façon à utiliser un à quatre jeux
d’étalonnage. Seul l’étalonnage sélectionné affecte réellement le plan. Les jeux d’étalonnage inutilisés vous permettent de stocker d’autres corrections et ambiances, afin
de tester des réglages différents sans modifier l’original.
Par défaut, un seul jeu d’étalonnage primaire est appliqué à chaque plan d’un projet,
bien que vous puissiez en ajouter d’autres à tout moment.
Pour ajouter un nouveau jeu d’étalonnage à un plan, effectuez l’une des opérations
suivantes :
m Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau du plan auquel vous souhaitez ajouter un nouvel
étalonnage, puis appuyez sur les touches Contrôle + 1, 2, 3 ou 4.
m Cliquez sur un jeu d’étalonnage tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée ou avec
le bouton droit de la souris, puis choisissez Add New Grade dans le menu contextuel.Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage 307
S’il n’existe pour l’instant aucun jeu d’étalonnage correspondant au numéro que vous
avez saisi, un nouveau jeu d’étalonnage est créé. Chaque fois qu’un nouveau jeu d’étalonnage est ajouté, la taille de la piste des jeux d’étalonnage augmente et le nouveau
jeu est sélectionné. Les nouveaux jeux d’étalonnage sont dénués de tout réglage et
permettent de commencer à travailler à partir de l’état original du plan non étalonné.
Pour changer le jeu d’étalonnage sélectionné :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau du plan dont vous souhaitez changer l’étalonnage.
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Cliquez sur le jeu d’étalonnage auquel vous souhaitez passer.
 Appuyez sur les touches Contrôle + 1, 2, 3 ou 4.
 Cliquez sur un jeu d’étalonnage tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée ou
avec le bouton droit de la souris, puis choisissez Select Grade X dans le menu contextuel (X représente le numéro de l’étalonnage sélectionné).
Le plan est mis à jour pour utiliser le nouveau jeu d’étalonnage sélectionné.
Réinitialisation des jeux d’étalonnage dans la Timeline
En cas de besoin, vous pouvez réinitialiser n’importe lequel des quatre jeux d’étalonnage d’un plan.
Pour réinitialiser un jeu d’étalonnage du plan de montage :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture jusqu’au plan dont vous souhaitez changer le jeu d’étalonnage.
2 Dans le piste de jeux d’étalonnage de la Timeline, cliquez sur l’étalonnage à réinitialiser tout
en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée ou avec le bouton droit de la souris, puis choisissez Reset Grade X dans le menu contextuel (X représente le numéro de l’étalonnage).
La réinitialisation d’un jeu d’étalonnage efface tous les réglages des studios Primary In,
Secondaries, Color FX et Primary Out. Le plan revient donc à son état d’origine. Toutefois, les réglages Panscan du studio Geometry restent intacts.
Copie de corrections et de jeux d’étalonnage dans la Timeline
La Timeline vous permet de copier des corrections individuelles ou des jeux d’étalonnage entiers d’un plan à l’autre.308 Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage
Pour copier une correction d’un plan à l’autre :
m Faites glisser une seule barre de correction présente dans la piste de jeux d’étalonnage
de la Timeline vers le plan au niveau duquel vous souhaitez la copier.
Le plan vers lequel vous faites glisser la correction est mis en surbrillance, et lorsque
vous déposez celle-ci, le jeu d’étalonnage indiqué pour ce plan est représenté par la
même barre de jeu d’étalonnage.
Remarque : lorsque vous copiez individuellement une correction, les corrections secondaires écrasent celles précédemment déclarées et portant le même numéro.
Pour copier un jeu d’étalonnage d’un plan à l’autre :
m Faites glisser la barre du jeu d’étalonnage d’un plan qui se trouve sur la piste de jeux
d’étalonnage de la Timeline vers le plan au niveau duquel vous souhaitez copier le jeu.
Le plan vers lequel vous faites glisser le jeu d’étalonnage est mis en surbrillance, et lorsque vous déposez celui-ci, toutes les corrections regroupées dans le jeu d’étalonnage
déjà affecté au plan sont remplacées par celles du nouveau jeu d’étalonnage que vous
venez de copier.
Vous pouvez également copier des jeux d’étalonnage dans d’autres jeux d’étalonnage
au sein du même plan. Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage 309
Pour copier un jeu d’étalonnage dans un autre au sein du même plan :
m Faites glisser la barre d’étalonnage présente dans la piste de jeux d’étalonnage de
la Timeline vers une autre barre d’étalonnage du même plan.
Le jeu d’étalonnage copié écrase tous les précédents réglages.
? Conseil : il s’agit d’une méthode efficace pour enregistrer l’étalonnage d’un plan qui vous
convient avant de procéder à d’autres essais. Si vos dernières modifications ne correspondent pas à vos attentes, vous pouvez facilement revenir au jeu d’étalonnage dupliqué.
Utilisation des boutons « Copy to » dans les studios Primary
Les boutons « Copy to Selected » et « Copy to All » affichés dans les studios Primary In
et Primary Out sont des outils très performants : ils vous permettent d’appliquer à
d’autres plans de votre projet des corrections effectuées dans le studio Primary In
ou Primary Out.
Pour copier une correction primaire dans tous les plans actuellement sélectionnés
dans la Timeline :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau du plan comportant l’étalonnage que vous souhaitez copier dans d’autres plans de votre programme.
2 Définissez l’étalonnage utilisé par ce plan comme celui que vous souhaitez copier.
3 Dans la Timeline, sélectionnez tous les plans vers lesquels vous souhaitez copier l’étalonnage en cours, en faisant bien attention à ne pas déplacer la tête de lecture vers
un autre plan.310 Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage
4 Cliquez sur Copy to Selected.
L’étalonnage situé au niveau de la position actuelle de la tête de lecture est copié dans
tous les plans sélectionnés.
Vous pouvez également copier l’étalonnage actuellement sélectionné dans le moindre
plan de votre programme.
Pour copier une correction primaire dans tous les plans dans la Timeline :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau du plan comportant l’étalonnage que vous
souhaitez copier dans d’autres plans de votre programme.
2 Définissez l’étalonnage utilisé par ce plan comme celui que vous souhaitez copier.
3 Cliquez sur Copy to All.
Le jeu d’étalonnage situé au niveau de la position actuelle de la tête de lecture est
copié dans tous les plans de votre programme.Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage 311
Remarque : les studios Secondaries et Color FX ne proposent pas les boutons « Copy to
Selected » et « Copy to All ». Vous pouvez néanmoins exécuter la même opération en
enregistrant une correction secondaire ou Color FX dans le chutier du studio Secondaries, en sélectionnant les plans auxquels vous souhaitez appliquer cette correction, puis
en faisant glisser cette correction vers l’un des plans sélectionnés. Pour en savoir plus,
consultez la section « Application de corrections et de jeux d’étalonnage enregistrés à
des plans » à la page 305.
Utilisation des commandes Copy Grade et Paste Grade
Vous pouvez utiliser les commandes Copy Grade et Paste Grade pour copier des jeux d’étalonnage d’un plan et les coller dans d’autres. Vous disposez de cinq zones de mémoire pour
copier et coller des jeux d’étalonnage. En d’autres termes, vous pouvez copier jusqu’à cinq
jeux d’étalonnage différents, chacun occupant une zone de mémoire, puis les coller dans
différents plans en fonction de vos besoins.
Pour copier un jeu d’étalonnage dans l’un des cinq zones de mémoire :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau du plan à partir duquel vous souhaitez copier
un étalonnage.
2 Faites en sorte que l’étalonnage à copier soit l’étalonnage actuellement sélectionné.
3 Choisissez Grade > Copy Grade > Mem-Bank 1 à 5 (ou appuyez sur les touches
Maj + Contrôle + Option + 1 à 5).
Dès que vous avez copié un jeu d’étalonnage dans l’une des zones de mémoire
disponibles, vous pouvez le coller.
Pour coller un jeu d’étalonnage à partir de l’une des cinq zones de mémoire :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau du plan vers lequel vous souhaitez copier
un étalonnage.
2 Définissez l’étalonnage actuellement sélectionné comme l’étalonnage vers lequel
vous souhaitez effectuer le collage.
3 Choisissez Grade > Copy Grade > Mem-Bank 1 à 5 (ou appuyez sur les touches
Maj + Option + 1 à 5).
L’étalonnage est appliqué au plan au niveau de la position de la tête de lecture.312 Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage
Définition d’un jeu d’étalonnage parfait dans la Timeline
Dès lors que chaque plan de votre projet comporte plusieurs jeux d’étalonnage, vous
pouvez éprouver quelques difficultés à vous souvenir de l’étalonnage le plus intéressant pour un plan donné. Le fait de marquer un jeu d’étalonnage particulier comme
l’étalonnage parfait vous permet de garder une trace de l’étalonnage que vous préfé-
rez pour chaque plan.
La définition de l’étalonnage parfait se limite à un marqueur visuel utilisé à des fins
de référence uniquement. L’étalonnage parfait ne correspond pas au jeu d’étalonnage
actuellement sélectionné.
Pour marquer un jeu d’étalonnage comme l’étalonnage parfait :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau du plan pour lequel vous souhaitez définir
l’étalonnage parfait.
2 Sélectionnez l’étalonnage à définir comme l’étalonnage parfait.
3 Choisissez Grade > Set Beauty Grade (ou appuyez sur Contrôle + B).
L’étalonnage actuellement sélectionné est affiché en rouge pour indiquer qu’il s’agit
de l’étalonnage parfait.
Vous pouvez sélectionner un autre étalonnage parfait à tout moment.
Désactivation de tous les jeux d’étalonnage
Il est souvent intéressant de désactiver toutes les corrections appliquées à un plan,
afin de disposer d’une vue « avant » et « après » de l’état actuel de votre étalonnage.
Pour désactiver temporairement tous les jeux d’étalonnage :
m Appuyez sur les touches Contrôle + G.
Toutes les corrections effectuées dans les studios Primary In, Secondaries, Color FX et
Primary Out sont alors désactivées. Toutefois, les réglages Panscan du studio Geometry
restent activés.Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage 313
Gestion des jeux d’étalonnage dans le navigateur de plans
Le navigateur de plans vous offre une autre méthode pour parcourir et organiser les
plans de votre programme. En effet, il fonctionne de manière beaucoup moins linéaire
que la Timeline. Par exemple, vous pouvez utiliser le champ Find de la présentation
sous forme de liste pour rechercher des groupes de plans portant le même nom.
Vous pouvez également recourir à la présentation sous forme d’icônes comme s’il s’agissait d’un outil d’organisation et rassembler certains plans dans des groupes en fonction
de leur position dans votre programme, à savoir leur angle de couverture ou le type de
jeu d’étalonnage que vous souhaitez leur appliquer, par exemple. Pour en savoir plus,
consultez la section « Le navigateur de plans » à la page 109.
Sélection de plans et déplacement dans le navigateur de plans
(en présentation sous forme d’icônes)
Si vous avez choisi la présentation sous forme d’icônes, vous pouvez sélectionner
un ou plusieurs plans dans la Timeline, comme vous le feriez dans la présentation
sous forme de liste. De plus, vous pouvez sélectionner le jeu d’étalonnage utilisé
par un plan en développant ce plan pour consulter tous ses jeux d’étalonnage.
Pour présenter sous forme d’icône le plan en cours :
m Cliquez sur la flèche située à droite de la barre de nom d’un plan.
La barre de nom du plan en cours apparaît en gris et la tête de lecture se déplace
vers la première image de ce plan dans la Timeline.314 Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage
Pour sélectionner un plan :
m Cliquez sur la barre de nom d’un plan, en dessous de son icône.
La barre de nom du plan sélectionné est affichée en surbrillance turquoise et ce plan
est sélectionné dans la Timeline.
Pour sélectionner plusieurs plans :
m Cliquez sur les barres de noms des plans que vous souhaitez sélectionner tout en maintenant la touche Commande enfoncée.
Si vous travaillez sur un projet contenant de nombreux plans, il peut s’avérer utile
d’effectuer un zoom arrière, puis de défiler pour trouver les plans que vous recherchez.
Pour effectuer un zoom avant ou arrière sur le navigateur de plans présenté sous
forme d’icônes, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Appuyez sur la touche Contrôle, puis faites glisser le pointeur tout en maintenant
enfoncé le bouton gauche de la souris.
m Cliquez avec le bouton droit de la souris, puis faites glisser le pointeur vers le haut
pour un zoom arrière et vers le bas pour un zoom avant.
Pour défiler dans le navigateur de plans présenté sous forme d’icônes :
m Cliquez n’importe où dans le navigateur de plans avec le bouton central de la souris,
puis faites glisser le pointeur dans la direction dans laquelle vous souhaitez défiler.
Vous pouvez réorganiser à votre gré les plans dans le navigateur de plans lorsque
la présentation sous forme d’icônes est activée. Toute réorganisation effectuée dans
cette présentation n’affecte en rien l’ordre des plans dans la Timeline.
Pour déplacer un plan dans la présentation sous forme d’icônes :
m Faites glisser la barre de nom d’un plan vers un autre emplacement dans le navigateur
de plans.Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage 315
Sélection de jeux d’étalonnage dans la présentation sous forme
d’icônes
Vous pouvez afficher les différents jeux d’étalonnage disponibles pour un plan,
puis sélectionner l’étalonnage actuellement utilisé.
Pour afficher tous les jeux d’étalonnage disponibles pour un plan :
m Double-cliquez sur la barre de nom d’un plan, en dessous de son icône.
Tous les jeux d’étalonnage disponibles pour ce plan sont alors affichés sous forme de
barres situées en dessous et reliées au plan par des lignes bleues. Une fois qu’ils sont
tous affichés, vous pouvez changer l’étalonnage sélectionné.
Pour sélectionner l’étalonnage utilisé par un plan :
m Double-cliquez sur l’étalonnage que vous souhaitez sélectionner.
Le jeu d’étalonnage sélectionné devient bleu, tandis que les jeux d’étalonnage non
sélectionnés restent gris foncé.
Remarque : les jeux d’étalonnage déjà rendus apparaissent en vert.316 Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage
Regroupement et dissociation de plans
Un groupe est une structure organisationnelle disponible dans le navigateur de plans
uniquement lorsqu’il est présenté sous forme d’icônes. L’objectif des groupes est très
simple. Il s’agit de cibles grâce auxquelles vous pouvez copier un jeu d’étalonnage dans
plusieurs plans à la fois.
Voici quelques exemples illustrant l’intérêt d’utiliser des groupes :
 Vous pouvez organiser tous les plans d’une scène particulière dans un seul groupe,
afin de faciliter l’application et la mise à jour simultanées des corrections stylisées
appliquées à chaque plan de cette scène.
 Vous pouvez organiser certains plans d’une scène pris selon le même angle de couverture (et partageant éventuellement les mêmes corrections), afin d’appliquer simultané-
ment le même jeu d’étalonnage à ces plans et les mettre à jour.
 Vous pouvez regrouper tous les plans d’un certain type (par exemple, tous les plans
du visage d’un orateur), afin d’appliquer simultanément les mêmes corrections ou
jeux d’étalonnage à tous ces plans.
L’utilisation des groupes est sans limite. Pour résumer, dès que vous avez envie d’appliquer la même correction ou le même jeu d’étalonnage à une série de plans, envisagez
sérieusement d’utiliser des groupes.
Remarque : un plan ne peut être intégré qu’à un seul groupe à la fois.
Pour créer un groupe :
1 Ouvrez le navigateur de plans dans le studio Setup.
2 Réglez la présentation du navigateur de plans sous forme d’icônes.
3 Réorganisez les plans que souhaitez grouper dans le navigateur de plans (cette étape
est facultative).
Même si cette étape n’est pas strictement nécessaire, elle peut s’avérer utile pour visualiser tous les plans que vous souhaitez grouper sous la forme d’un ensemble d’icônes
regroupées dans l’espace.Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage 317
4 Sélectionnez tous les plans que vous souhaitez grouper en cliquant sur leur barre
de nom tout en maintenant la touche Commande enfoncée.
5 Appuyez sur la touche G.
Un groupe est créé. Un nœud de groupe apparaît avec des lignes de liaison bleues
indiquant les plans intégrés à ce groupe.
Pour ajouter un plan à un groupe existant :
m Cliquez n’importe où sur la barre de nom d’un plan avec le bouton droit de la souris,
puis tracez une ligne de liaison vers le nœud du groupe auquel vous souhaitez l’ajouter.
Dès lors que vous avez créé un groupe, vous pouvez le dissocier à tout moment.318 Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage
Pour dissocier un groupe de plans :
m Sélectionnez le nœud de groupe à supprimer, puis appuyez sur la touche Suppr
ou Effacement vers l’avant.
Le nœud et ses lignes de liaison disparaissent. Les plans sont alors dissociés.
Pour supprimer un seul plan d’un groupe :
m Cliquez n’importe où sur la barre de nom d’un plan avec le bouton droit de la souris,
puis tracez une ligne de liaison vers une zone vide du navigateur de plans.
Sitôt que vous relâchez le bouton de la souris, ce plan n’est plus relié au groupe.
Utilisation des groupes
Dès que vous avez créé un ou plusieurs groupes de plans, vous pouvez utiliser le nœud
d’un de ces groupes pour afficher et masquer les plans qui y sont reliés, ainsi que copier
des jeux d’étalonnage et des corrections vers chacun de ces plans.
Pour réduire et développer un groupe :
m Double-cliquez sur le nœud de n’importe quel groupe.
Lorsqu’un groupe est réduit, les plans qui y sont reliés sont masqués.Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage 319
Double-cliquez sur un groupe réduit pour afficher tous les plans précédemment masqués.
Une fois que vous créé un groupe, vous pouvez y copier très simplement une correction ou un étalonnage.
Pour copier un jeu d’étalonnage dans un groupe :
m Faites glisser la barre d’un jeu d’étalonnage de la Timeline vers le nœud d’un groupe.
L’étalonnage que vous venez de faire glisser remplace l’étalonnage actuellement
sélectionné de tous les plans de ce groupe. Leurs jeux d’étalonnage non sélectionnés
ne sont pas affectés.
Vous pouvez également copier une correction d’un studio particulier vers le même
studio de tous les autres plans d’un groupe.320 Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage
Pour copier une correction individuelle vers un groupe :
m Faites glisser la barre de correction du studio que vous souhaitez copier de la Timeline
vers le nœud d’un groupe.
La correction que vous venez de faire glisser remplace les réglages du même studio de
tous les plans de ce groupe.
Important : il est uniquement possible de copier des corrections et des grades de la
Timeline vers les groupes affichés dans le navigateur de plans.
Utilisation de tous les studios Primary, Secondary et Color FX
pour gérer les corrections de chaque plan
L’interface Color offre une grande flexibilité lors de la correction et de la manipulation
de la couleur de vos plans. Même si chaque studio dispose de ses propres commandes
adaptées à des types d’opérations bien particuliers, certaines fonctions présentent des
parties communes. Les studios Primary In, Secondaries, Color FX et Primary Out contribuent donc ensemble à l’apparence finale obtenue. Vous avez toute latitude pour utiliser ces studios à votre convenance.
Au minimum, l’étalonnage d’un projet requiert les étapes suivantes :
Étape 1 : Optimisation de l’exposition et de la couleur de chaque plan
Étape 2 : Balance de chaque plan d’une scène afin d’obtenir un contraste et une
balance des couleurs similaires
Étape 3 : Application d’une ambiance créative à la scène
Étape 4 : Modifications liées aux commentaires du client
Vous pouvez réaliser toutes ces étapes dans un seul studio ou les diviser entre
divers studios.Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage 321
Réalisation complète dans un seul studio
À l’exception de certaines opérations spéciales, comme les étalonnages secondaires
et Color FX, il est possible d’exécuter chacune de ces étapes du processus d’étalonnage via un seul jeu de modifications dans le studio Primary In. Pour les programmes
simples ne nécessitant que peu de corrections, vous n’utiliserez d’ailleurs que ce studio.
Dans le cadre de projets où le directeur de la photographie et l’équipe ont fait en sorte
d’obtenir l’ambiance désirée au cours du tournage, il ne vous reste plus qu’à effectuer la
balance des plans de chaque scène et à apporter les modifications nécessaires à l’amé-
lioration du contraste et de la couleur des éléments qui vont été fournis.
Étalonnage au sein de plusieurs studios
D’un autre côté, il n’existe aucune raison qui vous empêche de répartir les étapes mentionnées ci-dessus entre plusieurs studios. Cette approche vous permet de concentrer
tous vos efforts sur chaque étape du processus d’étalonnage et met à votre disposition
une méthode simple pour organiser les modifications que vous effectuez, rendant ainsi
chaque changement plus simple à ajuster par la suite.
Cette section se limite à suggérer l’une des innombrables méthodes d’utilisation des
divers studios de Color pour réaliser les étapes nécessaires à l’étalonnage de vos projets.
Étape 1 : Optimisation de l’exposition et de la couleur de chaque plan
Il est recommandé de commencer par l’optimisation de l’exposition et de la couleur de
chaque plan dans le studio Primary In. Comme il s’agit d’une préparation du projet en
vue d’une session de travail avec le client, il est conseillé de vous restreindre lors de vos
corrections à rendre chaque plan aussi bon que possible, en optimisant son exposition
et sa balance des couleurs, sans même penser aux étapes ultérieures.
Étape 2 : Balance de chaque plan d’une scène afin d’obtenir un contraste et une
balance des couleurs similaires
Suite à cette optimisation, vous pouvez effectuer la balance du contraste et des couleurs
de chaque plan, afin d’assurer la cohérence de tous les plans d’une scène particulière,
grâce au premier onglet du studio Secondaries. Si vous cliquez sur le bouton Enable affiché dans le studio Secondaries sans limiter les réglages par défaut des qualificatifs HSL,
les modifications apportées sont identiques à celles que vous avez effectuées dans l’un
des studios Primary.
Important : si vous utilisez un onglet secondaire pour affecter l’intégralité de l’image,
assurez-vous que l’onglet Previews n’est pas sélectionné au cours de votre travail. En
effet, si l’onglet Previews est sélectionné, l’image contrôlée est modifiée en fonction du
Matte Preview Mode sélectionné, ce qui peut provoquer un léger décalage de couleur
lorsque l’onglet Secondaries est sélectionné. Cliquez sur l’onglet Hue, Sat ou Lum Curve
(même si vous n’avez pas besoin de l’utiliser) pour contrôler correctement l’image.322 Chapitre 13 Gestion des corrections et des jeux d’étalonnage
Étape 3 : Application d’une ambiance créative à la scène
Les plans sont dorénavant optimisés et la balance des scènes finalisée. Vous pouvez
donc vous concentrer sur les questions d’ordre créatif à l’aide des onglets deux à huit
du studio Secondaries. Recourez à ces onglets si vous souhaitez appliquer une ambiance
créative ou aller plus loin en opérant des modifications spécifiques de retouche numérique de l’éclairage. À cette étape du processus, vous pouvez également utiliser le studio
Color FX pour étendre vos possibilités de création.
Étape 4 : Modifications liées aux commentaires du client
Dès que votre client aura eu l’opportunité de visualiser l’étalonnage quasiment finalisé
du programme, nul doute qu’il vous fera part de remarques et commentaires sur votre
travail. Accédez alors au studio Primary Out (que vous n’aviez pas encore eu l’occasion
d’utiliser) pour appliquer très simplement ces retouches finales.
Comme vous avez réalisé chaque étape du processus d’étalonnage dans un studio différent de l’interface Color, il sera également beaucoup plus simple pour vous d’identifier quelle remarque du client correspond à la correction requérant des ajustements.
Les étapes décrites ci-dessus ne sont que des simples suggestions. Au fil du temps,
vous allez très certainement développer votre propre méthode pour gérer des diffé-
rents processus nécessaires à l’étalonnage des programmes dans Color.14
323
14 Images clés
Vous pouvez créer des jeux d’étalonnage animés et d’autres
effets à l’aide d’images clés dans la Timeline.
Dans Color, l’animation avec des images clés est un mécanisme simple, mais efficace. Il a
été conçu pour vous permettre d’animer en quelques étapes des étalonnages, des vignettes, des nœuds Color FX, des effets Panscan et des formes créées par des utilisateurs.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Objectifs de l’animation d’un effet avec des images clés (p. 323)
 Fonctionnement de l’animation avec des images clés dans les différents
studios (p. 324)
 Utilisation d’images clés dans la Timeline (p. 326)
 Interpolation d’images clés (p. 329)
Objectifs de l’animation d’un effet avec des images clés
Vous allez souvent travailler sur des projets entiers sans avoir besoin d’animer le moindre de vos étalonnages avec des images clés. Toutefois, recourir à des étalonnages primaires animés avec des images clés va souvent vous permettre de compenser les
changements dynamiques appliqués à l’exposition ou à la couleur de plans qui auraient
été inutilisables si vous n’aviez pas procédé de la sorte. Les images clés vont également
vous servir à créer un éclairage ou des effets de couleur animés, en vue d’augmenter
l’éclairage d’origine d’une scène.
Voici quelques exemples courants d’utilisation d’images clés animées :
 Correction d’un changement accidentel d’exposition au milieu d’un plan.
 Création d’un effet d’éclairage animé, tel qu’une lumière successivement allumée,
puis éteinte.
 Correction d’une modification accidentelle de la balance des blancs au milieu d’un plan.
 Déplacement d’une vignette afin qu’elle suive le mouvement d’un objet/personnage.
 Animation d’une forme créée par un utilisateur de telle sorte qu’elle traite par rotoscopie un objet/sujet en vue d’une correction intensive.324 Chapitre 14 Images clés
Fonctionnement de l’animation avec des images clés dans
les différents studios
Vous pouvez animer des effets avec des images clés dans les studios Primary In, Secondaries, Color FX, Primary Out et Geometry. Chaque studio dispose de son propre ensemble
d’images clés, stocké dans les diverses pistes du graphique des images clés de la Timeline.
Ces pistes sont masquées jusqu’à ce que vous commenciez à ajouter des images clés dans
un studio particulier. Dès lors, la piste d’images clés de cet studio devient visible.
Toutes les images clés créées dans chaque studio sont affichées simultanément dans
la Timeline, mais vous ne pouvez modifier ou supprimer que les images clés du studio
actuellement ouvert. Les autres images clés sont verrouillées tant que vous n’ouvrez
pas le studio correspondant.
Bien que vous puissiez créer, modifier et supprimer des images clés de la même
manière dans tous les studios, leur effet est différent selon le studio.
Animation de corrections avec des images clés dans les studios
Primary In et Out
Les studios Primary In et Out vous permettent d’animer avec des images clés l’ensemble
des commandes et des paramètres. Vous pouvez ainsi corriger un éclairage inapproprié
du fait d’un décalage et la couleur due à des réglages automatiques de caméra, ainsi que
créer vos propres effets animés. Deux limitations de l’animation des corrections dans les
studios Primary In et Primary Out doivent toutefois être mentionnées et gardées à l’esprit :
 Les images clés ajoutées dans les studios Primary enregistrent l’état de toutes les
commandes simultanément. Il est impossible d’animer des paramètres individuels
avec des images clés.
 Les courbes ne peuvent pas être animées à l’aide d’images clés, mais tout autre
paramètre des studios Primary In et Primary Out peut l’être.
Remarque : l’animation des modifications de couleur dépend du réglage Radial HSL
Interpolation dans l’onglet User Prefs du studio Setup. Dans la majorité des cas, vous
obtenez de bien meilleurs résultats en laissant cette option désactivée. Pour en savoir
plus, consultez la section « Onglet User Preferences » à la page 122.Chapitre 14 Images clés 325
Animation de corrections secondaires avec des images clés
Tout comme les paramètres et les commandes des studios Primary In et Out, vous avez
la possibilité d’animer la plupart des commandes et des paramètres d’étalonnage. Chacun des huit onglets secondaires dispose de sa propre piste d’images clés. D’ailleurs, les
réglages Inside et Outside de chaque onglet secondaire peuvent être animés individuellement avec des images clés.
Outre les commandes de couleur et de contraste, les commandes secondaires suivantes peuvent également être animées avec des images clés :
 Le bouton Enable qui active et désactive les corrections secondaires.
 Les qualificatifs du manipulateur secondaire.
 Le bouton Vignette qui active et désactive le vignetage.
 Tous les paramètres de forme des vignettes.
Remarque : les courbes secondaires ne peuvent pas être animées à l’aide d’images clés.
Puisque vous pouvez animer avec des images clés toutes ces commandes, vous avez
la possibilité d’automatiser avec beaucoup de latitude les opérations secondaires d’étalonnage. Par exemple, vous pouvez régler les qualificatifs du manipulateur secondaire
pour compenser un changement d’exposition dans le plan d’origine provoquant une
modification involontaire de la zone d’isolation.
L’animation des paramètres de forme des vignettes avec des images clés vous permet
d’animer les vignettes de façon à ce qu’elles suivante un objet/personnage en mouvement ou à créer d’autres effets animés de projecteur.
Animation de Color FX avec des images clés
Vous pouvez animer les paramètres des nœuds avec des images clés dans le studio Color
FX afin de créer toute sorte d’effets. Même si le studio Color FX ne dispose que d’une seule
piste d’images clés, chaque nœud de votre arborescence comporte ses propres images
clés. Vous pouvez enregistrer l’état de chaque paramètre au sein d’un nœud à l’aide d’un
seul ensemble d’images clés. Toutefois, il est impossible d’animer individuellement chaque paramètre d’un nœud avec des images clés.
Les seules images clés affichées sur la piste d’images clés du studio Color FX sont celles
du nœud actuellement sélectionné pour être modifié. Les images clés de tous les autres
nœuds sont masquées. Cet affichage peut provoquer une certaine confusion au début,
car les images clés apparaissent et disparaissent de la Timeline en fonction du nœud en
cours de modification.326 Chapitre 14 Images clés
Animation des effets Panscan avec des images clés
Vous pouvez animer avec des images clés tous les réglages que vous avez effectués
à l’aide des paramètres Panscan et des contrôles d’écran du studio Geometry, afin de
créer des effets Panscan animés et des transformations géométriques. Sachez alors
que tous les paramètres sont animés ensemble avec des images clés.
Animation de formes créées par des utilisateurs avec des images clés
Vous pouvez animer avec des images clés des formes créées par des utilisateurs dans
l’onglet Shapes du studio Geometry, afin de traiter par rotoscopie (les isoler en les contourant image par image) des objets/personnages et des zones de l’image en mouvement dans le but de les corriger en détail dans le studio Secondaries.
Remarque : vous pouvez animer des formes avec des images clés uniquement après
qu’elles aient été affectées à un onglet du studio Secondaries.
Utilisation d’images clés dans la Timeline
Vous devez créer au moins deux images clés pour animer un effet, quel que soit son type.
Chaque image clé créée stocke l’état du studio dans lequel vous vous trouvez au niveau
de cette image. Dès que vous avez ajouté deux images clés avec deux corrections diffé-
rentes à un studio, Color animé automatiquement la correction appliquée à l’image, en
passant de la correction de la première image clé à la correction de la dernière.Chapitre 14 Images clés 327
Une fois que vous avez ajouté une image clé à un plan dans un studio particulier, vous
ne pouvez modifier les commandes et les paramètres de ce studio que lorsque la tête
de lecture est positionnée directement au-dessus d’une image clé. Si vous souhaitez
apporter d’autres modifications au plan animé avec des images clés, vous devez déplacer la tête de lecture sur l’image à modifier et ajouter une autre image clé. Effectuez
tous les ajustements nécessaires alors que la tête de lecture est positionnée au-dessus
de la nouvelle image clé.
Pour ajouter une image clé dans le studio actuellement ouvert :
m Choisissez Timeline > Add Keyframe (ou appuyez sur Contrôle + 9).
Dès que vous avez ajouté une ou plusieurs images clés, vous pouvez utiliser deux commandes pour déplacer rapidement la tête de lecture vers l’image clé suivante, à droite
ou à gauche.
Pour déplacer la tête de lecture d’une image clé à la suivante dans le studio actuellement ouvert, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Appuyez sur les touches Option + Flèche gauche pour la positionner sur l’image clé
suivante sur la gauche.
m Appuyez sur les touches Option + Flèche droite pour la positionner sur l’image clé
suivante sur la droite.
m Cliquez sur le graphique des images clés de la Timeline tout en maintenant la touche
Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez Next Keyframe ou Previous Keyframe dans le menu
contextuel.
Les images clés situées à l’emplacement actuel de la tête de lecture sont affichées
en surbrillance.
Vous pouvez supprimer des images clés dont vous n’avez pas besoin.
Pour supprimer une seule image clé :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau de l’image comportant l’image clé que vous
souhaitez supprimer.
2 Choisissez Timeline > Remove Keyframe (ou appuyez sur Contrôle + 0).
Vous pouvez également supprimer simultanément toutes les images clés appliquées
à un plan dans un studio particulier.328 Chapitre 14 Images clés
Pour supprimer toutes les images clés dans un seul studio :
1 Cliquez sur l’onglet correspondant au studio contenant les images clés que vous
souhaitez supprimer.
2 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau de l’image où la correction ou l’effet est dans
l’état que vous souhaitez appliquer à l’intégralité du plan.
3 Dans la Timeline, cliquez sur l’image clé à supprimer tout en maintenant la touche
Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez Remove All Keyframes dans le menu contextuel.
Chaque image clé appliquée à ce studio ou à l’onglet secondaire est supprimée et le
graphique des images clés de ce studio disparaît de la Timeline. Lorsque vous supprimez d’un seul coup toutes les images clés d’un plan, les réglages de correction ou
d’effets de l’image située à l’emplacement de la tête de lecture deviennent les réglages de l’ensemble du plan.
Important : la commande Remove All Keyframes vous permet de supprimer toutes les
images clés du studio actuellement sélectionné, quelle que soit la zone du graphique
des images clés de la Timeline sur laquelle vous avez cliqué tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée.
Le réglage de la synchronisation des images clés précédemment créées est un jeu d’enfant.
Pour déplacer une image clé et modifier sa synchronisation :
m Faites-la glisser vers la gauche ou la droite.
Vous pouvez également régler la synchronisation d’une image clé tout en prévisualisant l’image vers laquelle vous la déplacer.
Pour déplacer une image clé tout en mettant à jour l’image prévisualisée :
m Appuyez sur la touche Option alors que vous faites glisser l’image clé vers la gauche
ou la droite.
En cas de besoin, vous pouvez également redimensionner à la verticale le graphique
des images clés de la Timeline, afin de mieux voir ce que vous êtes en train de faire.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section « Personnalisation de l’interface du plan de
montage » à la page 148.
Vous pouvez également utiliser le graphique des images clés pour accéder à un studio
comportant des effets animés avec des images clés.
Pour ouvrir le studio correspondant à une piste d’images clés :
m Double-cliquez sur n’importe quelle piste d’images clés dans la Timeline.Chapitre 14 Images clés 329
Interpolation d’images clés
La méthode d’interpolation choisie pour une image clé détermine le mode d’animation des réglages d’une image clé à la suivante. Il existe trois types d’interpolation :
 Smooth : les images clés de ce type commencent lentement leur transition vers l’état
suivant d’animation, atteignent leur vitesse normale au milieu de la transition, puis
ralentissent jusqu’à s’arrêter au niveau de l’image clé suivante. Ce « lissage » d’une
image clé à la suivante crée des transitions entre les étalonnages, les paramètres de
nœuds Color FX animés, les réglages Panscan et les formes animées créées par des
utilisateurs, qui se déplacent alors avec fluidité et naturel. Toutefois, si vous avez
ajouté plus de deux images clés, votre effet donne l’impression de faire une pause
d’une image au moment où la tête de lecture passe au-dessus de chaque image clé,
ce qui peut être contraire au résultat recherché.
 Linear : les images clés de ce type opèrent une transition régulière d’un état d’animation au suivant, sans accélération ni ralentissement. Si vous utilisez des images
clés linéaires pour animer un effet survenant à un endroit quelconque au milieu
d’un plan, l’effet animé risque de donner l’impression de commencer et se terminer
de manière abrupte. D’un autre côté, si vous animez avec des images clés un effet
commençant au niveau de la première image et se terminant sur la dernière, son
aspect semble évoluer à une vitesse uniforme.
 Constant : les images clés constantes n’opèrent aucune sorte d’interpolation. Tous
les effets passent de manière abrupte au prochain état d’animation au moment où
la tête de lecture atteint l’image clé constante suivante. Ce type d’images clés est très
pratique lorsque vous souhaitez qu’un effet passe soudainement à un autre état,
comme la modification du contraste pour simuler un éclair au travers d’une fenêtre.330 Chapitre 14 Images clés
Par défaut, toutes les images clés créées sont de type « smooth », mais vous pouvez
modifier leur interpolation à tout moment. La modification de l’interpolation d’une
image clé affecte uniquement la façon dont les valeurs sont animées entre cette image
clé et la suivante sur la droite.
Pour modifier l’interpolation d’une image clé :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau de l’image clé que vous souhaitez modifier.
2 Choisissez Timeline > Change Keyframe (ou appuyez sur Contrôle + 0).15
331
15 Studio Geometry
Le studio Geometry vous permet d’effectuer des zooms
avant/arrière sur des plans, de créer des effets Panscan, de
dessiner des caches personnalisés pour les opérations secondaires sur des vignettes, ainsi que suivre des objets/
personnages en mouvement en vue d’automatiser l’animation des vignettes et des formes.
Ce studio comporte un aperçu d’image sur la gauche (qui contient tous les contrôles
d’écran de l’ensemble des fonctions disponibles dans ce studio) et trois onglets sur la
droite. Chaque onglet propose des outils différents dédiés à des fonctions spécifiques.
L’onglet Panscan vous permet de redimensionner, faire pivoter, retourner et renverser
des plans en fonction de vos besoins. L’onglet Shapes vous sert à créer des masques
personnalisés pour vos corrections secondaires. Quant à l’onglet Tracking, il vous offre
une interface de création et d’application de suivi de l’animation sur des vignettes et
des formes personnalisées de votre projet.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Navigation dans l’aperçu d’image (p. 332)
 Onglet Panscan (p. 332)
 Onglet Shapes (p. 337)
 Onglet Tracking (p. 345)332 Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry
Navigation dans l’aperçu d’image
Chacun des onglets du studio Geometry est basé sur des contrôles d’écran disponibles
dans la zone d’aperçu d’image située à gauche des onglets. Vous pouvez effectuer un zoom
avant ou arrière sur cette zone, ainsi que la faire défiler, afin d’obtenir une meilleure visibilité de l’image sur laquelle vous êtes en train de travailler. Vous pouvez même effectuer un
zoom et afficher un panoramique alors que vous êtes en train de dessiner une forme.
Pour effectuer un zoom avant ou arrière sur l’aperçu d’image :
m Cliquez avec le bouton droit de la souris dans l’aperçu d’image, puis faites glisser
le pointeur vers le haut pour un zoom arrière et vers le bas pour un zoom avant.
Pour obtenir un panoramique de l’aperçu d’image :
m Cliquez avec le bouton central de la souris dans l’aperçu d’image, puis faites-le glisser
dans n’importe quelle direction.
Pour recadrer l’aperçu d’image afin qu’il s’adapte à la taille actuelle de l’écran :
m Appuyez sur F.
Onglet Panscan
L’onglet Panscan vous permet d’appliquer des transformations de base aux plans de
vos projets. Vous pouvez utiliser ces transformations pour agrandir des images, les repositionner afin de rogner les zones inutiles et faire pivoter des plans en vue de créer des
angles de prise de vue. Vous avez également la possibilité d’animer ces effets avec des
images clés afin de créer des effets Panscan animés lors de la conversion d’un projet à
haute résolution pour écran large vers une définition standard d’image à 4:3.
Importation et exportation de paramètres Geometry depuis/vers
Final Cut Pro
Lorsque vous transférez une séquence de Final Cut Pro vers Color, les paramètres d’animation suivants sont convertis en paramètres équivalents dans Color.
Lors de l’étalonnage de votre programme, vous pouvez prévisualiser l’effet de ces transformations sur chaque plan et apporter, le cas échéant, des modifications supplémentaires.
Paramètres présents dans
l’onglet Animation de
Final Cut Pro Paramètres Panscan dans Color
Scale Scale
Rotation Rotation
Centre Position X, Position Y
Aspect Ratio Aspect RatioChapitre 15 Studio Geometry 333
Dès que vous avez terminé votre travail sur votre projet dans Color, le fait que Color
traite ou non les modifications Panscan lors du rendu de chaque plan à partir de la
Render Queue dépend de la méthode choisie pour l’importation de votre projet :
 Si des projets sont transférés de Color vers Final Cut Pro ou importés sous forme
de fichiers XML, toutes les transformations géométriques appliquées aux plans
dans Color sont à nouveau converties en réglages d’animation équivalents dans
Final Cut Pro lors de la réexpédition du projet vers Final Cut Pro. Vous avez alors
la possibilité de personnaliser davantage ces effets dans Final Cut Pro avant d’effectuer leur rendu et leur sortie.
 Dans le cas d’intermédiaires numériques en 2K avec des séquences d’images Cineon
et DPX, les transformations Panscan sont traitées dans Color en même temps que vos
étalonnages lors du rendu du média de sortie.
Utilisation de l’onglet Panscan
Vous pouvez transformer les plans de votre programme grâce à deux ensembles de
commandes. À gauche, la zone d’aperçu d’image met à votre disposition les contrôles
d’écran, alors qu’à droite, des paramètres numériques reflètent vos modifications.334 Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry
Utilisation des contrôles d’écran
Les contrôles d’écran disponibles dans l’onglet Panscan sont constitués d’un cadre de
sélection externe muni d’une poignée à chacun de ses quatre angles (représentant la
sortie mise à l’échelle) et de deux indicateurs d’opération sur les blancs et de titre sécurisé. Par défaut, ce cadre et ces commandes adoptent la même taille que la résolution
de votre projet.
Les contrôles d’écran fonctionnent conjointement avec l’image affichée dans les pré-
sentations Preview et Broadcast. Autrement dit, vous utilisez les contrôles d’écran pour
isoler la partie de l’image que vous souhaitez obtenir au final, puis vous visualisez la
transformation en cours dans les présentations Preview et Broadcast.
Pour redimensionner un plan :
m Faites glisser l’un des quatre angles de la commande à l’écran pour redimensionner
le plan autour de son centre.
Cette commande à l’écran permet de réduire ou d’agrandir l’image de façon à en
inclure plus ou moins. Les présentations Preview et Broadcast affichent le résultat
obtenu. Le paramètre Scale est également modifié.Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry 335
Pour faire pivoter un plan :
m Faites glisser le pointeur de la souris à proximité des quatre poignées d’angle, mais à
l’extérieur, vers la droite pour une rotation vers la gauche et vers la gauche pour une
rotation vers la droite.
Comme la commande à l’écran fonctionne en sélectionnant une partie de l’image
source statique, elle pivote en sens inverse de l’effet, mais les présentations Preview
et Broadcast affichent le résultat correct.
Pour repositionner un plan :
m Faites glisser le pointeur n’importe où dans le cadre de sélection rouge.
La commande à l’écran se déplace pour sélectionner une autre partie du plan, puis
les présentations Preview et Broadcast affichent le résultat.
Remarque : les paramètres Aspect Ratio, Flip et Flop ne disposent d’aucune commande
à l’écran.
Utilisation des paramètres Panscan
Toute modification apportée à l’aide des contrôles d’écran se reflète dans les paramè-
tres numériques de l’onglet Panscan affiché à droite et est enregistrée. Si vous le souhaitez, vous pouvez modifier directement ces paramètres numériques. Il vous suffit
de saisir une nouvelle valeur dans le champ correspondant ou de faire glisser le bouton Middle d’un des champs pour l’ajuster avec son curseur virtuel.
 Position X et Y : déterminent la partie de l’image affichée lorsque vous repositionnez
la commande à l’écran. Ces paramètres correspondent aux deux dimensions du paramètre Centre dans Final Cut Pro.
 Scale : détermine la taille de l’image.
 Aspect Ratio : vous permet de modifier les proportions du plan (sa largeur par rapport à sa hauteur) afin de l’étirer ou de le compresser. Ce paramètre ne dispose
d’aucune commande à l’écran.336 Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry
 Rotation : vous permet de faire pivoter le plan autour du centre de la commande
à l’écran.
 Flip Image : vous permet d’inverser l’image à l’horizontale. Droite et gauche sont
alors inversées.
 Flop Image : vous permet d’inverser l’image à la verticale. Haut et bas sont alors inversés.
Important : les paramètres Flip et Flop sont désactivés lorsque vous travaillez sur un
projet XML provenant de Final Cut Pro, car ils n’ont aucun équivalent parmi les réglages de l’onglet Animation.
Animation des paramètres Panscan avec des images clés et des marqueurs de suivi
En cas de besoin, vous avez la possibilité d’animer les effets Panscan selon deux
méthodes :
 Avec des images clés : vous pouvez animer avec des images clés toutes les commandes de transformation Panscan. Pour en savoir plus sur l’animation avec des images
clés dans Color, consultez le chapitre 14, « Images clés », à la page 323.
 Avec un marqueur de suivi : vous pouvez également utiliser le suivi de l’animation
pour animer automatiquement un effet Panscan, comme le bouger pour suivre le
déplacement d’un personnage traversant l’écran, par exemple.
Après avoir créé un marqueur de suivi et analysé le plan (dans l’onglet Tracking), il vous
suffit d’indiquer le numéro du marqueur de suivi à utiliser dans le champ Use Tracker
pour que les paramètres Position X et Y soient automatiquement animés. Si le champ
Use Tracker contient la valeur 0, aucun marqueur de suivi n’est appliqué. Pour en savoir
plus, consultez la section « Onglet Tracking » à la page 345.
Copie et réinitialisation des paramètres Panscan
Situés en bas de l’onglet Panscan, trois boutons vous permettent de copier et de réinitialiser les modifications apportées à ces commandes.
 Bouton Copy to Selected : sélectionnez un ou plusieurs plans dans la Timeline, puis
cliquez sur ce bouton pour copier les réglages Panscan actuels dans tous les plans
sélectionnés.
 Bouton Copy to All : permet de copier les réglages Panscan dans tous les plans du
programme. Cette fonction est utile lorsque vous apportez une modification globale
lors du changement de format d’un programme.
 Bouton Reset Geometry : réinitialise tous les paramètres Panscan à l’échelle par défaut
de votre projet.Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry 337
Onglet Shapes
L’onglet Shapes vous permet de dessiner des formes personnalisées que vous pouvez
utiliser comme des vignettes dans le studio Secondaries pour les fonctions d’isolation,
de vignetage ou de retouche numérique de l’éclairage. Cet onglet n’offre aucun intérêt
s’il est utilisé seul et vous ne devez pas y commencer votre travail. En fait, vous devez
tout d’abord créer des formes en choisissant l’option User Shape dans le menu local
Shape des commandes Vignette disponibles dans le studio Secondaries.
Lorsque vous choisissez cette option, vous accédez directement à l’onglet Shapes du
studio Geometry, qui met à votre disposition toutes les commandes nécessaires pour
dessiner et modifier vos propres formes personnalisées. Pour en savoir plus sur ce processus, consultez la section « Utilisation d’une forme personnalisée pour appliquer une
vignette » à la page 259.
Remarque : les formes personnalisées ne s’utilisent qu’avec des opérations secondaires
dans le studio Secondaries. Il est impossible de les utiliser dans le studio Color FX.
Commandes disponibles dans l’onglet Shapes
L’onglet Shapes comporte les commandes suivantes :
 Current Secondary : indique lequel des huit onglets affichés dans le studio Secondaries
est l’opération secondaire actuellement sélectionnée. Si vous cliquez sur le bouton
Attach, la forme actuellement sélectionnée est associée à cet onglet.
 Attached Shape : si vous sélectionnez une forme préalablement associée à l’onglet secondaire d’un plan, ce champ vous indique le nom de cette forme et le jeu d’étalonnage
auquel elle est reliée conformément au format suivant : nomForme.numéroJeuÉtalonnage
 Bouton Attach : une fois que vous avez dessiné une forme à utiliser pour limiter une
opération secondaire, cliquez sur ce bouton pour l’associer à l’onglet secondaire actuellement ouvert dans le studio Secondaries (indiqué dans le champ Current Secondary).
 Bouton Detach : cliquez sur ce bouton pour rompre la relation unissant une forme et
l’onglet secondaire auquel elle était précédemment affectée. Une fois détachée, une
forme n’a plus aucun effet de limitation sur une opération secondaire.
 Shapes List : cette liste répertorie toutes les formes non associées disponibles dans
un projet, ainsi que les formes affectées au plan actuel. Cette liste est décrite de
façon plus détaillée ci-après.
 Hide Shape Handles : cliquez sur ce bouton pour masquer les points de contrôle
des formes dans l’aperçu d’image. Leur contour reste visible.338 Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry
 Reverse Normals : lorsque les bords d’une forme sont adoucis à l’aide du paramètre
Softness, ce bouton permet d’inverser quelle forme définit les bords intérieur et exté-
rieur de l’adoucissement.
 Use Tracker : si vous avez analysé un ou plusieurs marqueurs de suivi d’animation
dans le projet en cours, vous pouvez indiquer le numéro du marqueur de suivi à utiliser pour animer automatiquement la position de la forme actuelle. Pour qu’une forme
ne soit plus sous l’influence du marqueur de suivi associé, réglez cette valeur sur 0.
 Softness : adoucit globalement tous les bords de la forme. Si vous réglez ce paramè-
tre sur 0, le contour de la forme est abrupt (mais anticrénelé). Si vous optez pour une
valeur supérieure à 0, les formes adoucies intérieure et extérieure apparaissent avec
leurs propres points de contrôle. La forme interne indique où commence l’adoucissement des bords, tandis que la forme externe indique l’extrémité de la forme adoucie. Si nécessaire, vous pouvez ajuster chaque bordure indépendamment.
 Shape Name : par défaut, ce champ affiche « sans titre ». Toutefois, vous pouvez attribuer le nom de votre choix à la forme actuellement sélectionnée, afin d’organiser plus
facilement la liste des plans.
 New : cliquez sur ce bouton pour créer une nouvelle forme affectée à aucune opération.
 Remove : sélectionnez une forme, puis cliquez sur ce bouton pour la supprimer de
la Shapes List.
 Close Shape/Open Shape : cliquez sur ce bouton pour basculer la forme actuellement
sélectionnée de l’état ouvert à fermé (et inversement).
 Bouton Save : enregistre la forme actuellement sélectionnée dans le répertoire des
formes favorites.
 Bouton Load : charge toutes les formes enregistrées dans le répertoire des formes
favorites dans la Shapes List du plan actuel.
 Boutons B-spline/polygon : fait passer la forme actuellement sélectionnée du mode
B-spline (qui autorise des formes courbes) au mode polygone (dans lequel les formes sont uniquement angulaires) et inversement.
 Boutons Main/Inner/Outer : ces boutons vous permettent de choisir quels points vous
souhaitez sélectionner pour faire glisser le cadre de sélection dans l’aperçu d’image,
sans pour autant verrouiller les autres points contrôle. Vous pouvez toujours modifier un point de contrôle, quel que soit son réglage.Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry 339
Liste des formes
La Shapes List répertorie toutes les formes non associées dans le projet en cours, ainsi
que toutes les formes associées utilisées par le plan au niveau de la position actuelle
de la tête de lecture. Si vous cliquez sur une forme dans cette liste, elle apparaît dans
la zone d’aperçu d’image et tous les paramètres de l’onglet Shapes sont mis à jour avec
les réglages de la forme sélectionnée.
 Colonne Name : nom de la forme modifiable dans le champ Shape Name.
 Colonne ID : numéro d’identification de la forme. Ces numéros commencent à 0 pour
la première forme et sont incrémentés de 1 à chaque fois que vous créez une nouvelle forme.
 Colonne Grade : si une forme est associée, cette colonne indique le jeu d’étalonnage
à laquelle elle est reliée.
 Colonne Sec : si une forme est associée, cette colonne indique auquel des huit
onglets secondaires elle est reliée.
Dessin de formes
Pour dessiner et modifier des formes, vous allez procéder quasiment de la même
manière que dans d’autres applications de compositing. Color utilise des courbes
B-splines pour tracer des formes courbes, qu’il est possible de dessiner et modifier
rapidement. Ces courbes B-splines fonctionnent de façon similaire aux courbes des
studios Primary et Secondaries.
Enregistrement et chargement de formes favorites
Vous pouvez créer une collection des formes personnalisées afin de les utiliser dans
d’autres projets grâce aux boutons Save et Load. Lorsque vous sélectionnez une forme
non associée dans la Shapes List, puis cliquez sur Save, elle est enregistrée dans le
répertoire suivant :
/Utilisateurs/nom_utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application Support/Color/
BShapes/
Cliquez sur Load pour charger toutes les formes enregistrées dans ce répertoire dans
la Shapes List du plan actuel. Dès que vous avez choisi la forme à utiliser, vous pouvez supprimer toutes les autres.340 Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry
Les courbes B-splines utilisent des points de contrôle qui ne sont pas réellement fixés à la
surface de la forme, afin d’« attirer » la forme dans différentes directions, comme agirait un
aimant sur un fil de fer. Voici par exemple une courbe dotée d’un seul point de contrôle :
Le point de contrôle surplombant la forme attire l’ensemble de la forme dans sa direction, alors que les points de contrôle voisins permettent aux autres parties de la forme
de rester en place.
La complexité d’une forme est déterminée par le nombre de points de contrôle qui exercent une influence sur cette forme. Si vous ajoutez deux points de contrôle de chaque côté,
puis que vous les déplacez vers le bas, la courbe est modifiée comme illustré ci-dessous.
Pour accentuer les courbes d’une forme, rapprochez ses points de contrôle les uns des
autres. En revanche, pour des courbes plus douces, il vous suffit d’éloigner les points de
contrôle les uns des autres.
Les procédures suivantes décrivent la création, la suppression et la modification
de points de contrôle en vue de modifier les paramètres d’une courbe.
Pour dessiner une forme :
1 Cliquez sur l’un des huit onglets de le studio Secondaries afin de l’utiliser pour effectuer une correction secondaire, activez les boutons Enable et Vignette, puis choisissez
User Shape dans le menu local Shape.
Vous accédez alors directement à l’onglet Shapes de le studio Geometry où vous
pouvez dessiner une forme.Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry 341
2 Cliquez n’importe où dans la zone d’aperçu d’image afin d’ajouter le premier point
de contrôle.
3 Continuez à cliquer dans cette zone pour ajouter d’autres points de contrôle.
4 Lorsque vous avez terminé, fermez la forme en cliquant sur le premier point de
contrôle créé.
5 Attribuez un nom à la forme dans le champ Shape Name, puis appuyez sur Entrée
(cette étape est facultative).
6 Cliquez sur le bouton Attach pour utiliser cette forme dans l’onglet secondaire.
Un double de la forme apparaît dans la liste, qui montre le jeu d’étalonnage et l’onglet
d’étalonnage secondaire auquel il est lié (la forme originale dessinée demeure dans la
liste ci-dessus, prête à être recyclée ultérieurement). Une fois cette étape franchie, vous
êtes prêt à utiliser cette forme dans l’onglet secondaire auquel elle est associée.
Pour modifier une forme :
m Faites glisser l’un de ses points de contrôle dans n’importe quelle direction.
Contrairement aux courbes de Bézier, les courbes B-splines ne comportent pas de tangentes à ajuster. Les seules modifications que vous êtes autorisé à apporter nécessitent
de jouer sur le nombre de points de contrôle et leur position relative.
Pour repositionner une forme :
m Faites glisser sa poignée centrale verte dans n’importe quelle direction.
Cette poignée centrale correspond au point autour duquel les transformations liées
aux images clés et au suivi de l’animation sont appliquées.342 Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry
Pour redimensionner une forme :
1 Assurez-vous que la case Main est cochée dans l’onglet Shapes.
2 À l’aide du pointeur de la souris, tracez un cadre de sélection autour de chaque point
de contrôle à redimensionner.
Les points de contrôle sélectionnés apparaissent en vert.
Il n’est pas nécessaire de sélectionner tous les points de contrôle de la forme. Vous pouvez en sélectionner quelques uns pour redimensionner uniquement une partie de la
forme dans son ensemble. Le centre de tous les points de contrôle sélectionnés affiche
un petit signe + vert, qui indique la position des points de contrôle sélectionnés par
rapport à la poignée centrale.
3 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Faites glisser l’un des quatre angles du cadre de sélection pour redimensionner
la forme par rapport au coin opposé (qui reste alors à sa place).
 Faites glisser le cadre de sélection tout en maintenant la touche Option enfoncée pour
redimensionner la forme par rapport à son centre, représenté par une croix verte.
 Faites glisser le cadre de sélection tout en maintenant la touche Maj enfoncée pour
redimensionner la forme en respectant ses proportions d’origine, à savoir l’agrandir
ou la rétrécir sans changer le rapport existant entre sa largeur et sa hauteur.
Pour transformer la forme d’une courbe B-Spline en un polygone angulaire (et
inversement) :
m Cliquez sur B-Spline ou Polygon dans l’onglet Shapes pour changer le type de rendu
de la forme.Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry 343
Pour adoucir les bords d’une forme :
1 Augmentez la valeur de son paramètre Softness.
Ce paramètre applique un adoucissement uniforme tout le long des bords de la forme.
Il affiche également deux formes, l’une intérieure, l’autre extérieure, qui représentent
les limites internes et externes de l’effet d’adoucissement appliqué à la forme.
2 Si nécessaire, modifiez ces formes intérieure et extérieure pour obtenir l’effet d’adoucissement du contour le plus approprié pour la forme.
Vous pouvez ainsi créer des contours adoucis de manière irrégulière, avec un bord
accentué et un bord adouci, par exemple.344 Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry
Pour ajouter des points de contrôle à une forme existante :
1 Sélectionnez la forme à modifier dans la Shapes List.
2 Cliquez sur Open Shape.
3 Cliquez au sein de la zone d’aperçu d’image pour ajouter des points de contrôle à la fin
de la forme sélectionnée.
4 Cliquez sur le premier point de contrôle de la forme lorsque vous fini d’en ajouter.Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry 345
Animation des formes avec des images clés et des marqueurs de suivi
En cas de besoin, vous avez la possibilité d’animer les formes selon deux méthodes :
 Avec des images clés : vous pouvez animer les formes à l’aide d’images clés. Pour en
savoir plus sur l’animation avec des images clés dans Color, consultez le chapitre 14,
« Images clés », à la page 323.
 Avec un marqueur de suivi : vous pouvez également utiliser le suivi de l’animation
pour animer automatiquement une forme, comme la bouger pour suivre le déplacement d’un personnage à cause d’un panoramique de la caméra.
Après avoir créé un marqueur de suivi et analysé le plan (dans l’onglet Tracking), il
vous suffit de sélectionner une forme dans la Shapes List, puis d’indiquer le numéro
du marqueur de suivi à utiliser dans le champ Use Tracker pour que la forme soit animée automatiquement. Si le champ Use Tracker contient la valeur 0, aucun marqueur
de suivi n’est appliqué. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section suivante.
Onglet Tracking
Le suivi de l’animation est le processus d’analyse automatique d’un plan qui permet de
suivre le mouvement d’un personnage particulier à l’image afin de créer une trajectoire
d’animation. Une fois cette analyse terminée, vous pouvez utiliser le suivi des trajectoires de la caméra pour animer des vignettes, des effets Panscan, des formes personnalisées, voire certains nœuds Color FX en suivant les trajectoires d’animation. De cette
façon, les corrections que vous avez apportées semblent suivre les objets/personnages
en mouvement ou le mouvement de la caméra.
Remarque : Color autorise uniquement le suivi de l’animation basé sur un seul point.
Le suivi de deux ou quatre points n’est pas pris en charge.
Le suivi de l’animation est réalisé en créant un marqueur de suivi dans l’onglet Tracking
du studio Geometry. La Tracker List répertorie tous les marqueurs de suivi créés et analysés pour un plan donné. Chacun de ces marqueurs est identifié par un numéro ID (ils
sont numérotés dans l’ordre selon lequel ils ont été créés). 346 Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry
Chaque marqueur de suivi dispose d’une seule commande à l’écran représentée
par deux cadres avec une croix au milieu.
Lorsque vous traitez un marqueur de suivi, Color analyse la zone de pixels déterminée
par le cadre extérieur de recherche de la commande à l’écran, dans la plage d’images
définie à l’aide des boutons Mark In et Mark Out. Le marqueur de suivi tente de « suivre »
le personnage que vous avez identifié (à l’aide du cadre intérieur du motif de référence
de la commande à l’écran) alors qu’il se déplace dans l’image.
? Conseil : les objets/personnages angulaires à fort contraste constituent des motifs
de référence idéaux.
Utilisation du suivi de l’animation
Sitôt le traitement d’un marqueur de suivi terminé, vous pouvez utiliser son analyse pour
animer une vignette, une forme personnalisée ou un paramètre Panscan. Lorsqu’elle est
appliquée à une vignette ou une forme personnalisée, l’animation du marqueur de suivi
est ajoutée au positionnement d’origine de la forme. Par exemple, si vous utilisez un marqueur pour suivre le mouvement du regard d’un personnage et que vous souhaitez
appliquer l’animation analysée à une vignette qui illumine son visage, vous devez positionner le centre, l’angle et l’atténuation d’une vignette en forme de cercle sur le visage
de ce personnage au niveau de la première image du plan, puis choisir le numéro du
marqueur de suivi dans le champ Use Tracker. La vignette commence ainsi son déplacement à partir d’une position correcte et continue à suivre la trajectoire définie par le marqueur de suivi. Comme ce marqueur utilise une transformation supplémentaire, vous
pouvez encore repositionner la vignette par le biais des paramètres Center X et Y ou de
la commande à l’écran disponible dans l’onglet Previews.Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry 347
Si vous souhaitez limiter le suivi à une partie de la durée totale d’un plan (en positionnant les points d’entrée et de sortie du marqueur de suivi à une distance plus courte
que la longueur du plan), la vignette reste à la position d’origine sur laquelle vous l’avez
fait glisser jusqu’à ce que la tête de lecture atteigne le point d’entrée du marqueur, puis
elle commence à suivre la trajectoire d’animation du marqueur. Dès que la tête de lecture atteint le point de sortie, la vignette s’arrête et reste à la même position jusqu’à la
fin du plan.
Commandes disponibles dans l’onglet Tracking
L’onglet Tracking comporte les commandes suivantes :
 Tracker List : liste de tous les marqueurs de suivi créés pour le plan au niveau
de la position actuelle de la tête de lecture. Cette liste comporte trois colonnes :
 Name : nom du marqueur. Tous les marqueurs de suivi sont nommés conformé-
ment à la convention suivante : marqueur.numéroID
 ID : numéro d’identification correspondant à un marqueur de suivi particulier. Il
s’agit du numéro à saisir dans le champ Use Tracker pour indiquer quel marqueur
de suivi utiliser pour animer cette modification.
 Status : barre de progression indiquant si un marqueur de suivi a été traité. Une
barre rouge signifie que le marqueur de suivi n’a pas été traité, alors qu’une barre
verte indique le contraire.
 Manual Tracker : cliquez pour activer le mode de suivi manuel. Vous pouvez alors
utiliser votre souris pour cliquer sur le personnage que vous souhaitez suivre dans
la zone d’aperçu. Chaque clic positionne manuellement le marqueur de suivi à
l’écran pour créer une image clé de suivi, puis avance la tête de lecture d’une image
et ce, jusqu’à la fin du plan. Grâce à ce mode, vous pouvez rapidement et manuellement suivre des personnages que le suivi automatique ne parvient pas à suivre.
Suivi de l’animation : la solution à tous vos problèmes ?
Dans les plans où la cible est clairement définie (de préférence, un élément à fort
contraste et présentant des angles), le suivi de l’animation représente souvent la
méthode la plus rapide pour animer un effet de telle sorte qu’il suive le mouvement
du plan. Toutefois, ce n’est pas toujours le cas.
Il suffit que des acteurs ou des objets du plan passent devant la cible que vous souhaitez suivre, que le mouvement du plan soit tellement rapide qu’il provoque un flou
d’animation, que le bruit soit excessif ou, tout simplement, qu’aucun personnage ne
soit suffisamment clair pour déterminer le suivi, pour que votre meilleure option reste
encore l’animation manuelle avec des images clés, même si vous pouvez aussi tenter
l’opération avec un marqueur de suivi manuel. Pour en savoir plus sur l’animation à
l’aide d’images clés, reportez-vous au chapitre 14, « Images clés », à la page 323.348 Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry
 Tracking Curve Smoothness : lisse les données de suivi afin d’éliminer tout mouvement saccadé ou irrégulier. Plus les valeurs sont élevées, plus la trajectoire du suivi
de l’animation est lissée. Vous pouvez lisser aussi bien les données en suivi automatique que les données en suivi manuel.
Remarque : les données d’origine du marqueur de suivi de l’animation sont conservées sans être jamais modifiées par ce lissage.
 Process : dès que vous avez réglé les contrôles d’écran pour identifier un motif de
référence et une zone de recherche, cliquez sur Process afin d’effectuer l’analyse.
 New : crée un nouveau marqueur de suivi dans la Tracker List.
 Remove : supprime le marqueur de suivi actuellement sélectionné dans la Tracker List.
 Mark In : définit le point d’entrée dans le plan actuel à partir duquel le traitement
doit commencer. Si vous ne définissez aucun point d’entrée, la première image du
plan est utilisée par défaut.
 Mark Out : définit le point de sortie dans le plan actuel à partir duquel le traitement
doit s’arrêter. Si vous ne définissez aucun point de sortie, la dernière image du plan
est utilisée par défaut.
Utilisation de l’onglet Tracking
Cette section décrit la procédure à suivre pour réaliser le suivi de l’animation.
Pour suivre automatiquement un personnage :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau du plan que vous souhaitez suivre.
2 Ouvrez l’onglet Tracker du studio Geometry, puis cliquez sur New.
Un nouveau marqueur de suivi non traité apparaît dans la Tracker List et ses contrôles
d’écran sont alors disponibles dans la zone d’aperçu d’image.
3 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau de la première image de la plage que vous souhaitez suivre, puis cliquez sur Mark In.
Un point d’entrée vert apparaît sur une nouvelle piste dans la Timeline.
Dans de nombreux cas, il s’agit de la première image du plan. Toutefois, si le personnage n’est pas visible ou ne se déplace pas dans le plan avant plusieurs images, réglez
le point d’entrée au niveau de la première image où il apparaît ou juste avant qu’il ne
commence à sa déplacer.Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry 349
4 Alors que la tête de lecture est positionnée sur cette image initiale, faites glisser le
pointeur au sein du cadre central de la commande à l’écran, afin de le déplacer de telle
sorte que la croix soit centrée sur le personnage que vous souhaitez suivre, puis ajustez les poignées du cadre intérieur (le cadre du motif de référence) pour les placer
autour de ce personnage.
5 Ajustez le cadre extérieur en vue d’y inclure autant d’éléments environnants du plan
que vous jugez nécessaires pour analyser le plan.
? Conseil : pour réussir le suivi, le personnage identifié à l’aide du cadre du motif de réfé-
rence ne doit jamais sortir de la zone de recherche définie, car le plan est traité une image
après l’autre. Si le mouvement du plan est rapide, agrandissez le cadre extérieur, même si
l’analyse exige alors plus de temps. À l’inverse, si le mouvement est lent, vous pouvez
réduire le cadre de la zone de recherche afin d’accélérer l’analyse.
6 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau de la dernière image de la plage que vous souhaitez suivre, puis cliquez sur Mark Out.
Un point de sortie vert apparaît dans la Timeline.350 Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry
Dans de nombreux cas, il s’agit de la dernière image du plan. Toutefois, si le personnage que vous suivez disparaît peu à peu, réglez le point de sortie au niveau de la
dernière image où il est bien visible.
7 Cliquez sur Process.
Color lance l’analyse du plan en commençant au niveau du point d’entrée. Une barre
de progression verte avance du point d’entrée vers le point de sortie pour indiquer
l’état d’avancement de l’analyse du plan.
Lorsque le traitement est terminé, le marqueur de suivi correspondant apparaît avec une
barre de progression verte dans la colonne Status de la Tracker List. Vous pouvez désormais
utiliser ce marqueur de suivi dans votre projet. D’ailleurs, la trajectoire d’animation de ce
marqueur de suivi est affichée dans la zone d’aperçu d’image dès que vous le sélectionnez.
Si le mouvement d’un plan est trop difficile à suivre automatiquement, vous pouvez
tenter de réaliser un suivi manuel.
Pour suivre manuellement un personnage :
1 Déplacez la tête de lecture au niveau du plan que vous souhaitez suivre.
2 Ouvrez l’onglet Tracker du studio Geometry, puis cliquez sur New.
Un nouveau marqueur de suivi non traité apparaît dans la Tracker List et ses contrôles
d’écran sont alors disponibles dans la zone d’aperçu d’image.
3 Amenez la tête de lecture sur la première image de la plage que vous voulez suivre.
Remarque : il n’est pas nécessaire de marquer des points d’entrée et de sortie en mode
Suivi manuel.Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry 351
4 Cliquez sur Manual Tracker pour passer en mode de suivi manuel.
La commande à l’écran du marqueur de suivi disparaît dès que vous activez le mode
de suivi manuel.
5 Dans la zone d’aperçu d’image, cliquez sur le personnage que vous souhaitez suivre.
Par exemple, si vous souhaitez suivre le visage d’une personne pour lui appliquer un
vignetage ultérieurement, cliquez sur son nez.
Chaque clic positionne manuellement le marqueur de suivi à l’écran, puis avance la tête
de lecture d’une image.
6 Cliquez sur le même personnage que précédemment au fur et à mesure que les images défilent, jusqu’à ce que vous ayez atteint la fin de la durée du mouvement à suivre ou la fin du plan.
Alors que vous ajoutez de plus en plus de points de suivi manuel, une trajectoire d’animation se dessine lentement selon le parcours du personnage que vous suivez.
7 Lorsque le suivi manuel est terminé, arrêtez de cliquer.
Ce marqueur de suivi est prêt à être affecté à un autre paramètre de votre projet.
Important : ne désactivez pas le bouton Manual Tracker, sauf si vous voulez supprimer
toutes vos images clés de suivi manuel.352 Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry
Il peut arriver que le suivi du mouvement soit une réussite, mais que la trajectoire
d’animation obtenue soit trop approximative pour être utilisée en l’état. Dans d’autres
cas, c’est un mouvement irrégulier qui peut mettre en avant un effet animé que vous
tentiez de rendre invisible. On parle alors de trajectoires d’animation crénelées.
Si le cas se présente, utilisez le curseur Tracking Curve Smoothness pour lisser la trajectoire d’animation créée par le marqueur de suivi.
Pour lisser un suivi :
1 Sélectionnez un marqueur de suivi dans la Tracker List.
2 Réglez le curseur Tracking Curve Smoothness jusqu’à ce que la trajectoire de suivi
de l’animation soit suffisamment lisse pour répondre à vos besoins.
Le réglage du curseur Tracking Curve Smoothness n’est pas définitif. En d’autres termes,
les données de suivi d’origine sont conservées et vous pouvez donc augmenter ou
réduire le lissage qui leur est appliqué à tout moment pour effectuer d’autres modifications. Si vous réglez le curseur Tracking Curve Smoothness sur 0, vous restaurez les données de suivi analysées à l’origine.Chapitre 15 Studio Geometry 353
Utilisation des marqueurs de suivi dans les studios Secondary,
Color FX et Geometry
Un champ Use Tracker est affiché pour toute correction effectuée dans un studio qu’il
est possible d’animer avec un marqueur de suivi. Une fois le marqueur de suivi correspondant traité, il vous suffit de saisir son numéro ID dans ce champ pour animer automatiquement cette correction en fonction de la trajectoire d’animation du marqueur.
Si vous saisissez la valeur 0 dans le champ Use Tracker, la correction est réinitialisée et
aucun marqueur de suivi n’est utilisé.16
355
16 Magasin d’images fixes
(Still Store)
Il s’agit d’une interface utilisateur permettant de comparer
des plans lors de l’étalonnage plan par plan.
Via cette interface, vous pouvez enregistrer des images de différents plans d’un projet
afin de les utiliser comme images de référence dans le cadre de la comparaison avec
des plans en cours d’étalonnage. Il s’agit d’une opération courante dans l’étalonnage
plan par plan, lorsque vous équilibrez tous le plans d’une scène pour qu’ils soient cohé-
rents en matière d’exposition et de couleur, afin qu’ils semblent tous avoir été pris au
même endroit et au même moment.
Via le Still Store, vous pouvez enregistrer des images de référence de tout plan de votre
projet, à des fins de comparaison avec d’autres plans. Cela signifie que si vous travaillez
sur un documentaire où un style particulier de plan très serré est intercalé dans le programme, vous pouvez enregistrer une image de référence du plan très serré principal étalonné et le réutiliser pour comparaison avec les autres plans très serrés du programme.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 Enregistrement d’images dans le Still Store (p. 356)
 Enregistrement des images du Still Store dans de sous-répertoires (p. 357)
 Retrait d’images du Still Store (p. 358)
 Rappel d’images du Still Store (p. 358)
 Personnalisation de la vue du Still Store (p. 359)
 Contrôles du chutier Still Store (p. 359)356 Chapitre 16 Magasin d’images fixes (Still Store)
Enregistrement d’images dans le Still Store
Pour utiliser le Still Store, vous devez d’abord enregistrer une ou plusieurs images afin
de les rappeler ultérieurement.
Pour ajouter une image au Still Store :
1 Positionnez la tête de lecture sur une image à enregistrer dans le Still Store.
Choisissez une image étalonnée contenant les sujets requis pour la comparaison
et représentative de l’éclairage et de la couleur que vous voulez homogénéiser.
2 Si le Still Store est activé, désactivez-le afin de vous assurer que vous n’enregistrez
pas accidentellement une image de l’image composite affichée.
3 Facultativement, si vous voulez enregistrer l’image avec un nom personnalisé, vous
pouvez cliquer sur l’onglet Still Store et taper un nom dans le champ File sous le chutier Still Store.
Si vous n’entrez pas de nom personnalisé, chaque image enregistrée sera automatiquement nommée comme suit :
Image.Jour_Mois_Année_Heure_Minute_SecondeFuseauhoraire.sri
La date et l’heure indiquent l’horodatage exact de l’enregistrement de l’image.
Remarque : si vous chargez une image dans le Still Store immédiatement avant d’en
enregistrer une autre, l’image nouvellement enregistrée utilisera le nom de l’image
chargée, en écrasant l’image précédemment enregistrée.
4 Pour enregistrer une image, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
 Depuis un studio, choisissez Still Store > Store (Ctrl + I).
 Cliquez sur l’onglet Still Store, puis sur Save.
Une image de celle à la position de la tête de lecture est enregistrée sous la forme
d’un fichier DPX non compressé dans le sous-répertoire /StillStore/ dans l’ensemble
de projets. Elle apparaît aussi dans Color comme un élément du chutier Still Store.
Lorsque Still Store est en mode d’affichage des icônes, chaque image enregistrée est
dotée d’un vignette pour référence.Chapitre 16 Magasin d’images fixes (Still Store) 357
Les images du Still Store sont enregistrées à la résolution native du média source d’où
elles proviennent, mais elles ne sont pas enregistrées avec la correction de la table de
conversion appliquée. Ainsi, si votre projet utilisait une table de conversion lorsque vous
avez enregistré les images dans le Still Store et que vous la supprimez de votre projet,
les images enregistrées continueront à correspondre aux plans d’où elles provenaient.
Important : les images du Still Store ne sont pas mises à jour si le plan d’où elles proviennent est de nouveau étalonné. Donc, si vous enregistrez une image du Still Store
depuis un plan, puis réeffectuez un étalonnage de ce dernier afin d’obtenir un aspect
différent, l’image du Still Store enregistrée ne sera plus représentative de ce plan et
devra être supprimée. Si vous n’êtes pas sûr qu’une image reflète correctement l’étalonnage en cours d’un plan, l’horodatage de l’enregistrement de l’image peut vous aider.
Enregistrement des images du Still Store dans de sousrépertoires
Par défaut, une image est enregistrée dans le sous-répertoire StillStore interne de votre
projet et figure dans le chutier Still Store avec toutes les autres images enregistrées.
Toutes les images du chutier Still Store apparaissent dans l’ordre dans lequel elles ont
été créées, les plus récentes étant placées en dernier.
Vous pouvez aussi organiser vos images enregistrées dans des sous-répertoires. Vous
pouvez créer des sous-répertoires individuels basés sur la date d’un travail, les plans
depuis lesquels les images sont enregistrées ou tout autre type de catégorisation de
votre choix.
Pour créer un sous-répertoire personnalisé dans le chutier Still Store :
1 Cliquez sur l’onglet Still Store.
2 Cliquez sur New Folder.
3 Lorsque la boîte de dialogue New Folder s’ouvre, entrez un nom dans le champ « Name
of new folder », puis cliquez sur Create.
Un nouveau sous-répertoire apparaît dans le répertoire StillStore dans votre ensemble
de projets et devient le répertoire ouvert dans lequel toutes les nouvelles images sont
enregistrées.
Raison pour laquelle un projet peut devenir très volumineux
Toutes les images étant enregistrées dans le sous-répertoire StillStore dans votre
ensemble de projets, vous constaterez peut-être que la sauvegarde de votre projet
est plus longue qu’avant si vous enregistrez beaucoup d’images. Si vous avez besoin
de réduire la taille du fichier projet, supprimez le plus possible des images du Still
Store inutilisées.358 Chapitre 16 Magasin d’images fixes (Still Store)
Important : vous ne pouvez pas déplacer des images dans des sous-répertoires à l’issue
de leur création. Pour enregistrer de nouvelles images dans un sous-répertoire, vous
devez y accéder dans le chutier Still Store avant d’enregistrer de nouvelles images.
Retrait d’images du Still Store
Les images enregistrées peuvent s’accumuler assez rapidement dans le Still Store, il est
donc nécessaire de supprimer régulièrement toutes les images inutiles.
Pour supprimer une image du Still Store :
1 Cliquez sur l’onglet Still Store.
2 Sélectionnez l’image à supprimer.
3 Cliquez sur Delete ou Forward Delete.
4 Cliquez sur Yes dans la boîte de dialogue d’avertissement qui s’affiche, pour confirmer
que vous voulez supprimer l’image sélectionnée.
La suppression d’une image ne peut pas être annulée dans Still Store.
Rappel d’images du Still Store
Lorsqu’une image a été ajoutée au Still Store, elle peut être rappelée à tout moment.
Pour afficher une image enregistrée, vous devez la charger dans le Still Store, puis activer ce dernier pour la visualiser.
Pour charger une image dans le Still Store :
1 Cliquez sur l’onglet Still Store.
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Sélectionnez l’image à charger, puis cliquez sur Load.
 Double-cliquez sur l’image à charger.
Une fois une image chargée, vous devez activer Display Loaded Still pour la rendre visible.
Pour afficher une image chargée dans le Still Store, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
m Choisissez Still Store > Display Loaded Still (Ctrl + U).
m Cliquez sur l’onglet Still Store, puis sélectionnez Display Loaded Still.
L’image chargée s’affiche dans l’aperçu et sur votre moniteur broadcast. Par défaut,
les images apparaissent sous forme de comparaison d’image composite de gauche
à droite, mais cela peut être personnalisé.Chapitre 16 Magasin d’images fixes (Still Store) 359
Personnalisation de la vue du Still Store
Chaque coloriste utilise le Still Store à sa façon. Certains préfèrent passer d’une image
plein écran à une autre lors de leur comparaison, alors que d’autres créent une image
composite afin de comparer, côte à côte, le Still Store et le plan étalonné. Color vous
permet d’utiliser les deux méthodes.
Chaque image a ses propres réglages quant à l’aspect qu’elle aura lors de son rappel.
Ils figurent sur la droite du studio Still Store.
 Enable : rend l’image Still Store chargée visible dans l’aperçu et les moniteurs de sortie vidéo. Identique à Still Store > Enable (Ctrl + U).
 Transition : ce paramètre détermine dans quelle mesure l’image chargée est affichée
à l’écran. Lorsque la valeur indiquée est 0, l’image chargée n’est pas du tout visible.
S’il s’agit de la valeur 1, l’image chargée remplit la totalité de l’écran. Les autres valeurs
intermédiaires créent une vue d’image composite.
 Angle : modifie l’angle le long duquel la bordure d’une image composite est orientée. Les boutons d’orientation ci-dessous modifient automatiquement le paramètre
Angle, mais le seul moyen de créer une image composite diagonale consiste à personnaliser ce contrôle.
 Left to Right : affecte la valeur 180 degrés au paramètre Angle, pour créer une image
composite verticale avec l’image sur la gauche.
 Right to Left : affecte la valeur 0 degrés au paramètre, pour créer une image composite verticale avec l’image sur la droite.
 Top to Bottom : affecte la valeur -90 degrés au paramètre Angle, pour créer une image
composite horizontale avec l’image en haut.
 Bottom to Top : affecte la valeur 90 degrés au paramètre Angle, pour créer une image
composite horizontale avec l’image en bas.
Contrôles du chutier Still Store
Le chutier Still Store est doté des contrôles suivants :360 Chapitre 16 Magasin d’images fixes (Still Store)
 Up Directory : cliquer sur ce bouton permet d’accéder au répertoire précédent du
chemin d’accès en cours. Vous ne pouvez pas quitter l’ensemble de projets. Afin que
votre projet soit bien organisé, assurez-vous d’enregistrer toutes vos images dans
le répertoire /StillStore/ de votre ensemble de projets.
 Home Directory : sélectionne le chemin d’accès au répertoire StillStore dans votre
ensemble de projets.
 Icon View : le chutier Still Store passe en mode d’affichage des icônes. Chaque image
enregistrée est représentée par une vignette et toutes les images sont organisées
en fonction de la date et de l’heure de leur sauvegarde, les images le plus anciennes
apparaissant en premier (de gauche à droite).
 List View : en mode liste, toutes les images et tous les répertoires sont représentés
par deux colonnes. Le nom du fichier d’images figure à gauche et la date de sa création à droite. Toutes les images sont organisées en fonction de la date et de l’heure
de leur sauvegarde, les images le plus anciennes apparaissant en haut et les plus
récentes en bas.
 Curseur Icon Size : lorsque le chutier Still Store est en mode d’affichage des icônes,
ce curseur permet d’augmenter et de réduire la taille des vignettes affichées pour
chaque image.
 Champ File : ce champ est à double emploi. Lorsque vous chargez une image, ce champ
affiche son nom. Cependant, si vous entrez un nom personnalisé, puis enregistrez une
autre image, la nouvelle image sera créée avec le nom entré.
 Menu local Directory : ce menu local affiche le chemin d’accès au répertoire en cours
et vous permet de remonter la structure de répertoires, si vous le voulez.
 Bouton New Directory : crée un sous-répertoire dans le répertoire StillStore de votre
ensemble de projets.
 Bouton Save : enregistre l’image à la position en cours de la tête de lecture afin d’être
rappelée ultérieurement.
 Bouton Load : charge une image afin qu’elle puisse être comparée via le bouton Enable
ou la commande Enable dans le menu Still Store (Ctrl + -U).17
361
17 File d’attente de rendu
Lorsque vous avez terminé l’étalonnage de votre programme, les contrôles de la file d’attente de rendu vous
permettent de rendre l’ensemble approprié de fichiers
de données pour la sortie finale de votre programme,
vers Final Cut Pro, ou vers d’autres systèmes compatibles.
Les rubriques suivantes seront abordées au cours de ce chapitre :
 À propos du rendu dans Color (p. 361)
 Quels effets sont rendus par Color ? (p. 362)
 L’interface de la file d’attente de rendu (p. 363)
 Mode de rendu des plans dans votre projet (p. 365)
 Rendu de plusieurs jeux d’étalonnage pour chaque plan (p. 367)
 Commande Gather Rendered Media (p. 368)
À propos du rendu dans Color
Le rendu dans Color a une finalité différente de celle qu’il peut avoir dans une application comme Final Cut Pro. Dans Color, la totalité du traitement des effets pour la lecture
est réalisé à la volée, en abandonnant des images ou en ralentissant de façon à afficher
votre sortie étalonnée à un niveau de qualité élevé à des fins d’évaluation. Les données
lues dans Color ne sont pas mise en mémoire vive et il n’existe aucun moyen d’effectuer
un prérendu de votre projet pour la lecture pendant que vous travaillez.
Dans Color, le rendu est traité comme l’étape finale dans la validation de vos corrections sur disque par la génération d’un nouvel ensemble de fichiers de données. La file
d’attente de rendu permet d’effectuer un rendu de tout ou partie des plans dans votre
projet lorsqu’ils ont été corrigés dans Color.362 Chapitre 17 File d’attente de rendu
Vous pouvez utiliser la file d’attente de rendu pour rendre votre projet de façon incré-
mentielle ou intégrale. Par exemple, si vous travaillez sur un projet à haute résolution avec
une planification sur plusieurs jours ou semaines, vous pouvez choisir d’ajouter les plans
de chaque scène à la file d’attente de rendu au fur et à mesure de leur approbation, en
les préparant à un rendu durant la nuit à la fin de chaque session quotidienne. La charge
de travail est ainsi répartie sur plusieurs jours et évite la longue session de rendu nécessaire à la génération de la totalité du programme.
Vous pouvez cependant souhaiter effectuer un rendu de la totalité du programme d’un
seul coup, par exemple, si vous avez besoin de générer un autre ensemble de données
dans un autre format ou si la petite taille du projet ne nécessite pas de réaliser le rendu
en plusieurs fois.
Quels effets sont rendus par Color ?
Les projets importés depuis des fichiers de projets XML et EDL peuvent être dotés de
beaucoup plus d’effets que Color n’est capable d’en traiter. Notamment des transitions,
des transformations géométriques, des superpositions, des effets de vitesse et des images. Lors du rendu de votre programme terminé, votre flux d’importation/d’exportation détermine les effets rendus par Color.
En particulier, si vous importez un EDL pour étalonner et exporter des séquences
d’images 2K DPX à imprimer sur film, Color permet d’effectuer un rendu des plans de
votre projet très différent de celui obtenu si vous aviez importé un fichier XML et que
vous procédiez au rendu de fichiers QuickTime devant être renvoyés à Final Cut Pro.
Dans tous les cas, les corrections effectuées via les studios Primary In, Secondary, Color FX
et Primary Out sont toujours rendues.
La carte graphique que vous utilisez affecte le rendu en sortie
Color utilise le processeur graphique installé dans votre ordinateur pour rendre les ajustements d’étalonnage et de géométrie appliqués aux plans de votre programme. Les
capacités des processeurs graphiques des différentes cartes vidéo sont variables, il est
donc possible que le même projet Color soit légèrement différent lorsqu’il est rendu
sur des ordinateurs n’ayant pas les mêmes cartes graphiques. Pour garantir l’exactitude
du rendu des couleurs, il est préférable de rendre votre projet sur un ordinateur doté
de la même carte graphique que celle utilisée lors de l’étalonnage du programme.Chapitre 17 File d’attente de rendu 363
Effets rendus pour la sortie 2K
Une fois que vous avez importé une liste de décisions de montage (EDL) et lorsque vous
générez les séquences d’images 2K DPX en sortie, toutes les transformations que vous
avez effectuées au niveau de l’onglet Pan & Scan du studio Geometry sont rendues.
Les effets à créer dans le cadre de la finalisation du projet et qui ne sont pas rendus par
Color comprennent les transitions vidéo, les effets de vitesse, les effets composites et les
titres. Ces effets doivent être créés à l’aide d’une autre application, par exemple Shake.
Les effets ne sont pas rendus lors de l’envoi à Final Cut Pro
Lorsqu’un projet passe de Final Cut Pro XML à Color, toutes les transitions, tous les filtres, images, générateurs, effets de vitesse, paramètres de superposition et autres effets
non compatibles avec Color provenant du projet Final Cut Pro d’origine sont conservés
dans votre projet Color, même si ces effets ne sont pas visibles.
Lorsque vous avez étalonné votre programme dans Color et avez rendu ce projet sous
la forme d’une série de séquences QuickTime en préparation du retour à Final Cut Pro,
les effets précédemment mentionnés qui ont été conservés de façon invisible ne sont
pas rendus. Cependant, lorsque vous renvoyez le projet Color terminé à Final Cut Pro,
ces effets réapparaissent dans la séquence Final Cut Pro résultante. À ce stade, vous
pouvez effectuer d’autres ajustements et effectuer un rendu du projet Final Cut Pro
avant de le mettre sur bande ou de le générer en tant que fichier de séquence principal QuickTime.
Informations supplémentaires sur les réglages de mouvement et les ajustements
Pan & Scan
Un sous-ensemble des réglages de mouvement depuis Final Cut Pro est traduit en réglages Pan & Scan équivalents dans Color lors de la première importation du projet. Ces
réglages ont un effet visible sur votre projet Color et peuvent être ajustés lors de l’affinage de votre programme. Cependant, ces effets ne sont pas rendus par Color. Ils sont
transférés de Color à Final Cut Pro afin d’y être rendus. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la
section « Importation et exportation de paramètres Geometry depuis/vers
Final Cut Pro » à la page 332.
L’interface de la file d’attente de rendu
Les plans du programme devant être rendus sont spécifiés via la liste de la file d’attente
de rendu. Lorsque vous ajoutez des plans à cette liste, ils sont organisés par numéro
de plan. L’ordre dans lequel les plans apparaissent dans cette colonne dicte celui dans
lequel ils sont rendus ; le plan non rendu situé en haut de la liste est rendu en premier,
puis c’est le tour du plan non rendu suivant dans la liste jusqu’à la fin de celle-ci.364 Chapitre 17 File d’attente de rendu
 Colonne Number : identifie la position numérique du plan dans la Timeline. Tous les
plans de la file d’attente de rendu sont listés par ordre décroissant en fonction de leur
numéro d’identifiant.
 Colonne Shot Name : affiche une vignette et le nom du plan.
 Colonne In : la première image des données qui sera rendue pour ce plan. Ce timecode
est égal au point Project In plus la valeur Handles en cours spécifiée dans l’onglet Project
Settings du studio Setup.
 Colonne Out : la dernière image des données qui sera rendue pour ce plan. Ce timecode
est égal au point Project Out plus la valeur Handles en cours spécifiée dans l’onglet
 Project Settings du studio Setup.
Remarque : si aucune donnée supplémentaire n’est disponible sur disque pour
les poignées au début ou à la fin de plans, aucune poignée ne sera ajoutée.
 Colonne Grade ID : affiche le jeu d’étalonnage sélectionné pour ce plan. Vous pouvez
mettre en file d’attente le même plan jusqu’à quatre fois, différents jeux d’étalonnage
étant activés, afin de rendre les données de chaque jeu d’étalonnage associé à ce plan.
 Colonne Progress : cette colonne est dotée d’une barre de rendu indiquant la durée
que prend le rendu d’un plan. Si le plan n’est pas en cours de rendu, cette colonne
indique son état de rendu (en file d’attente, en cours de rendu ou rendu).
Contrôles de la file d’attente de rendu
Les boutons suivants sous la liste de la file d’attente de rendu permettent d’ajouter
des plans à la file d’attente, de les supprimer et de lancer le rendu.
 Add Selected : ajoute tous les plans sélectionnés à la file d’attente de rendu.
 Add All : ajoute chaque plan de la Timeline à la file d’attente de rendu. Les plans
ayant déjà été rendus sont aussi placés dans la file d’attente et seront de nouveau
rendus sauf s’ils sont supprimés. Les plans rendus de nouveau remplacent les données rendues précédentes.
 Clear Queue : supprime tous les plans de la file d’attente de rendu.
 Remove Selected : supprime uniquement les plans sélectionnés de la file d’attente
de rendu.
 Start Render : lance le rendu pour tous les plans ayant été placés dans la file d’attente de
rendu. Ce bouton a la même fonction que la commande du menu Render > Start Render.
Important : lorsque vous avez lancé le rendu, vous pouvez le suspendre en appuyant
sur Echap ou sur Ctrl + point.Chapitre 17 File d’attente de rendu 365
Mode de rendu des plans dans votre projet
La file d’attente de rendu est conçue pour que vous puissiez gérer le rendu de votre projet à votre gré. Vous pouvez ajouter chaque plan du programme dans la file d’attente
afin d’effectuer un rendu intégral ou vous pouvez n’ajouter que les plans terminés ce
jour-là dans le cadre d’un processus de rendu incrémentiel de votre projet.
Quelle que soit la façon dont vous décidez d’effectuer le rendu des données de votre
projet, le processus est similaire ; vérification des réglages du projet et des plans, ajout
des plans à la file d’attente de rendu, puis utilisation de la commande Start Render.
Pour effectuer un rendu d’un ou de plusieurs plans de votre programme :
1 Dans la Timeline, choisissez le jeu d’étalonnage pour le rendu de chaque plan.
2 Procédez de l’une des manières suivantes pour ajouter des plans à la liste de la file
d’attente de rendu :
 Cliquez sur Add All.
 Choisissez Render > Add All (Ctrl + Maj + Option + A).
 Sélectionnez un ou plusieurs plans, puis cliquez sur Add Selected ou choisissez Render >
Add Selected (Commande + Maj + A) pour ajouter les plans sélectionnés.
Lorsque vous avez ajouté des plans à la liste de la file d’attente de rendu, l’état de
chacun des plans ajouté devient Queued dans le navigateur Shots. Dans la Timeline,
chacun des plans ajoutés s’affiche, une barre d’état jaune figurant au-dessus du jeu
d’étalonnage utilisé pour chaque plan mis en file d’attente, afin d’indiquer quel jeu
d’étalonnage est rendu.
Remarque : vous pouvez ajouter un plan à la file d’attente de rendu avec un jeu d’étalonnage activé, puis choisir un autre niveau pour ce plan et l’ajouter de nouveau à la
file afin de rendre les deux jeux d’étalonnage pour ce plan.
3 Revérifiez les réglages de votre projet avant d’effectuer le rendu afin de vous assurer
que vous utilisez le répertoire de rendu, le réglage d’interfaçage, le codec d’exportation
et les réglages Broadcast Safe corrects.366 Chapitre 17 File d’attente de rendu
4 Si vous effectuez un rendu de données Cineon ou DPX, revérifiez le menu local Render
Proxy dans l’onglet User Prefs pour vous assurer que vous effectuez le rendu à la résolution requise.
5 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Cliquez sur le bouton Start Render dans l’onglet Render Queue.
 Choisissez Render > Start Render.
Le rendu des plans de la file d’attente de rendu commence. Une barre de progression
verte s’affiche dans la colonne Progress du premier plan non rendu de la liste, indiquant la durée de son rendu.
Simultanément, la barre de rendu figurant au-dessus de la réglette de la Timeline pour le
plan rendu dans la Timeline reflète la barre de progression dans la file d’attente de rendu.Chapitre 17 File d’attente de rendu 367
Lorsque le rendu du premier plan de la file d’attente de rendu est terminé, le prochain
est lancé et le rendu se poursuit du haut vers le bas de la liste jusqu’à ce que le dernier
plan soit rendu. Tous les plans rendus dans la Timeline apparaissent avec une barre de
rendu verte au-dessus de la réglette de la Timeline et une barre d’état verte au-dessus
du jeu d’étalonnage rendu.
Important : pour suspendre le rendu, appuyez sur Echap. Vous pouvez cliquer de nouveau sur Start Render pour reprendre le rendu.
Toutes les données rendues sont écrites dans le répertoire de rendu du projet, spécifié
dans l’onglet Project Settings du studio Setup. Le répertoire de rendu est organisé en
sous-répertoires numérotés correspondant chacun à un plan de la Timeline de votre
projet. Le numéro de chaque sous-répertoire correspond au numéro de chaque plan
dans la colonne Number de la file d’attente de rendu. Chacun de ces sous-répertoires
contient jusqu’à quatre ensembles de données rendus correspondant à chaque jeu
d’étalonnage rendu.
Rendu de plusieurs jeux d’étalonnage pour chaque plan
Chaque plan de votre projet Color utilise un des quatre jeux d’étalonnage (maximum).
En travaillant, vous pouvez modifier librement le jeu d’étalonnage utilisé par un plan,
en passant d’un aspect à un autre selon vos besoins durant le développement de
l’esthétique du programme.
Vous pouvez aussi rendre chacun des jeux d’étalonnage d’un plan individuellement ou
collectivement. Ainsi, s’il existe une scène où le client peut préférer un des quatre aspects
différents, vous pouvez parer à toute éventualité en rendant toutes les copies de travail.
Color a connaissance du jeu d’étalonnage sélectionné lorsque vous renvoyez ce projet
à Final Cut Pro, ou lorsque vous utilisez la commande Gather Rendered Media et
s’assure que le fichier de rendu approprié est utilisé.
Chaque jeu d’étalonnage rendu est numéroté. Par exemple, si vous avez rendu deux
jeux d’étalonnage différents dans un projet QuickTime pour le plan numéro 1, le sousrépertoire de ce dernier contient deux plans appelés 1_g1.MOV et 1_g2.MOV, le numéro
suivant immédiatement le g indiquant à quel jeu d’étalonnage correspond ce fichier.368 Chapitre 17 File d’attente de rendu
Afin de rendre plusieurs jeux d’étalonnage pour un plan :
1 Placez la tête de lecture sur un plan à rendre et choisissez le premier jeu d’étalonnage
à utiliser pour ce plan.
2 Sélectionnez ce plan, cliquez sur l’onglet Render Queue, puis cliquez sur Add Selected
pour ajouter ce plan à la file d’attente de rendu.
3 Passez au jeu d’étalonnage suivant que vous voulez utiliser pour ce plan.
4 Cliquez de nouveau sur Add Selected pour ajouter ce plan à la file d’attente de rendu
une seconde fois.
Chaque jeu d’étalonnage en file d’attente pour rendu apparaît avec une barre de rendu
jaune au-dessus de la barre de jeux d’étalonnage de la Timeline.
La colonne ID du jeu d’étalonnage dans la file d’attente de rendu indique les jeux d’étalonnage sélectionnés pour rendre chaque plan.
Commande Gather Rendered Media
Cette commande ne peut être utilisée que lorsque vous avez rendu des données de
séquence d’images pour un projet importé via EDL. Elle est utilisée pour organiser vos
données de séquence d’images rendues afin de les préparer pour l’imprimante de films.
Elle organise vos séquences d’images rendues de deux façons :
 Elle place chaque image des données de votre projet dans un seul répertoire.
 Elle renomme chaque image des données pour votre projet afin de créer un éventail
d’images continu de la première à la dernière image du projet rendu.
Important : vous ne pouvez pas rassembler des données dans une boucle XML.Chapitre 17 File d’attente de rendu 369
Pour rassembler les données rendues :
1 Choisissez File > Gather Rendered Media.
2 Choisissez l’une de ces trois options pour rassembler les données rendues de votre projet :
 Copy Files : effectue des doubles des fichiers de séquences d’images, mais laisse
les fichiers originellement rendus dans le répertoire de rendu.
 Move Files : copie les fichiers de séquences d’images, puis supprime les fichiers
originellement rendus du répertoire de rendu.
 Link Files : crée des alias des fichiers originellement rendus dans le répertoire de
rendu. Ceci est utile si vous voulez traiter les images via une application sur votre
ordinateur et que vous ne voulez pas dupliquer les données inutilement. Par contre,
cela ne présente pas d’intérêt si vous envisagez de transporter les données vers un
autre emplacement, car les fichiers d’alias ne pointent que sur les données d’origine
dans le répertoire de rendu et ne contiennent aucune donnée d’image.
3 Cliquez sur Create New Directory si vous voulez placer les données rassemblées dans
un nouveau répertoire.
4 Cliquez sur Gather.
Toutes les images rendues de chaque plan de votre projet sont renommées, renumérotées et placées dans le répertoire spécifié, prêtes à être traitées plus avant ou transmises. 371
A Annexe
A Étalonnage de votre moniteur
Lorsque vous utilisez des périphériques analogiques, veillez
à ce qu’ils soient bien étalonnés du point de vue de la couleur et de la luminosité pour que vous puissiez étalonner avec
précision votre vidéo.
À propos de la mire
La mire est un signal vidéo généré électroniquement qui obéit à des caractéristiques
spécifiques très strictes. Les niveaux de luminance et de chrominance étant standard,
vous pouvez utiliser la mire pour passer en revue les différents composants d’un maté-
riel vidéo pour vous rendre compte de la façon dont chacun restitue le signal.
Les formats NTSC et PAL possèdent chacun leurs standards de mire, et il existe même
plusieurs standards au sein de chacun des formats. Lorsque vous analysez la mire sur
un instrument vidéo, il est essentiel que vous sachiez à quel standard vous rapporter
pour éviter les impairs dans votre échantillonnage. La « mire SMPTE » est le standard
couramment utilisé.
Étalonnage des moniteurs avec la mire
Les monteurs et les concepteurs d’émissions ne doivent pas se fier à un moniteur non
étalonné pour les ajustements majeurs de couleur et de luminosité de leurs programmes. Il est très important d’utiliser un moniteur de diffusion bien étalonné afin d’assurer des ajustements corrects d’exposition et de couleurs.
Quand utiliser la mire ?
Les périphériques analogiques ont sans cesse besoin d’être étalonnés et réajustés
même pour de légers décalages. En effet, la chaleur, le temps, le bruit, la longueur de
câbles et bien d’autres facteurs jouent de façon subtile sur le voltage du signal vidéo
électronique analogique, ce qui a un effet sur la luminosité et la couleur de l’image
vidéo. La mire offre un signal de référence que vous pouvez utiliser pour étalonner
les niveaux de sortie d’un appareil analogique.372 Annexe A Étalonnage de votre moniteur
Étalonnage de votre moniteur de diffusion
Pour étalonner un moniteur, utilisez la mire standard SMPTE. La luminosité et le contraste sont ajustés à vue d’œil au moyen de la mire à l’écran. Pour l’ajustement de chrominance et de phase, utilisez le bouton Fond bleu dont sont dotés les moniteurs vidéo
professionnels. Tous les moniteurs doivent être étalonnés, qu’ils soient à l’extérieur ou
dans le studio de montage.
Pour étalonner votre moniteur :
1 Connectez un générateur de mire ou de motifs de test au moniteur utilisé ou utilisez
la sortie de l’un des générateurs de mires intégrés dans Final Cut Pro.
Important : évitez d’utiliser des images fixes de mires. Pour en savoir plus, consultez
la section « Rendu Y´CB
CR
et mire » à la page 374.
2 Allumez le moniteur et attendez environ 30 minutes pour qu’il « chauffe » et atteigne
une température stable.
3 Sélectionnez l’entrée appropriée sur le moniteur pour que la mire apparaisse à l’écran.
Trois barres noires de différentes intensités sont affichées près du coin inférieur droit de
la mire. Chacune d’elles correspond à une valeur de luminosité différente, mesurée en
IRE. (IRE vient de Institute of Radio Engineers (Institut des ingénieurs radio), qui fait désormais partie de l’organisme IEEE. Il s’agit d’une unité de tension spécifique à la vidéo.) Il
s’agit des barres de réglage dites PLUGE (Picture Lineup Generation Equipment), qui permettent d’ajuster la luminosité et le contraste d’un moniteur vidéo en vous aidant à établir le noir absolu.
4 Abaissez au minimum la chrominance du moniteur.
Il s’agit d’un réglage temporaire qui va vous permettre d’ajuster plus précisément la luminance. Le contrôle de chrominance peut également être appelé couleur ou saturation.
5 Ajustez le contrôle de luminosité de votre moniteur jusqu’à ne plus pouvoir distinguer
les deux barres Pluge de gauche et le carré noir adjacent.
À ce stade, la plus lumineuse des barres (11,5 IRE) ne doit plus être qu’à peine visible
et les deux barres Pluge de gauche (5 et 7,5 IRE respectivement) doivent présenter le
même niveau de noir.
6 Augmentez alors le contraste au maximum jusqu’à ce que cette barre devienne claire,
puis diminuez à nouveau.Annexe A Étalonnage de votre moniteur 373
Le point où cette barre est presque invisible correspond au réglage de contraste correct pour votre moniteur (l’exemple indiqué ci-dessous est volontairement exagéré).
Lorsque vous réglez le contraste, gardez un œil sur le carré blanc en bas à gauche.
Si le contraste est trop fort, le carré blanc doit donner l’impression de déborder sur
les carrés d’à côté. Réglez alors le contraste jusqu’à ne plus avoir cette impression.
Important : le contraste ne doit être ajusté qu’après la luminosité
7 Lorsque vous avez terminé les réglages de luminance, remettez le contrôle de
la chrominance dans la position du milieu (détente).
Remarque : certains boutons s’arrêtent en une position par défaut très précise.
C’est ce que l’on appelle la position de détente.
Si vous réglez un moniteur PAL, vous avez terminé. Les prochaines étapes traitent
de réglages de la couleur qui ne concernent que les moniteurs NTSC.
8 Appuyez sur le bouton « Fond bleu » à l’avant de votre moniteur pour préparer
le réglage des contrôles Chroma et Phase.
Remarque : ce bouton n’est généralement disponible que sur les moniteurs professionnels.
9 Effectuez les réglages suivants en fonction du type de signal vidéo que vous contrôlez :
 Si vous contrôlez un signal Y´CB
CR
SDI ou par composantes, n’ajustezl que le contrôle
Chroma de sorte que les parties supérieures et inférieures des barres grises alternatives correspondent. Il s’agit du seul réglage que vous devez effectuer, car le contrôle
Phase n’a aucun effet avec les signaux SDI ou par composantes.
 Si vous contrôlez un signal Y/C (aussi appelé S-vidéo), il est exécuté via un décodeur
RVB intégré au moniteur. Dans ce cas, réglez les contrôles Chroma et Phase. La chrominance affecte l’équilibre des deux barres grises externes. La phase affecte l’équilibre des deux barres grises internes. Les réglages effectués pour l’un de ces contrôles
affectant l’autre, vous devez continuer à les régler jusqu’à ce que toutes les barres
grises soient d’une luminosité uniforme en haut et en bas.
Lorsque la luminosité
et le contraste sont correctement
réglés, cette bande ne doit pas être
visible au-delà du noir.374 Annexe A Étalonnage de votre moniteur
Remarque : le second point s’applique aussi au contrôle des signaux composites, mais
il n’est vraiment pas recommandé de contrôler de tels signaux lors de l’étalonnage.
Lorsque votre moniteur est correctement étalonné, la couleur des barres grises et noires sera homogène.
Rendu Y´CB
CR
et mire
Si le rendu Y´CB
CR
doit être pris en charge par le codec utilisé dans une séquence
pour que Final Cut Pro effectue un rendu de la mire via une zone PLUGE (Picture
Lineup Generation Equipment) incluant un signal super noir (4 IRE dans NTSC, 2 IRE
dans PAL) pour l’étalonnage. La partie PLUGE du signal test ne peut pas être rendue
via un codec RVB.
Lorsque la phase (équivalent de la teinte)
du moniteur est correctement ajustée,
des barres alternativement grises et
noires doivent s’afficher. 375
B Annexe
B Raccourcis clavier
Raccourcis clavier dans Color
Les tableaux ci-après illustrent les différents raccourcis clavier disponibles dans Color.
Raccourcis clavier relatifs aux projets
Les raccourcis clavier suivants sont communs à de nombreuses applications et vous
permettent de gérer vos projets Color.
Commande Description
Commande + N Nouveau projet
Commande + O Ouvrir un projet
Commande + R Revenir à la version sauvegardée du projet en cours
Commande + S Enregistrer le projet
Option + Commande + S Enregistrer une copie archivée sous un autre nom
Option + Commande + A Ouvrir une version archivée du projet
Commande + I Importer un plan (ouvre le navigateur de fichiers dans le studio
Setup
Option + Commande + G Rassembler les données rendues (uniquement pour les projets
Cineon ou DPX)
Commande + Z Annuler ; appuyez sur Commande + Z une seconde fois pour réinstaurer la modification précédemment annulée
Commande + X Couper
Commande + C Copier
Commande + V Coller
Commande + A Tout sélectionner
Commande + ? Ouvrir le manuel de l’utilisateur376 Annexe B Raccourcis clavier
Changement de studio et de fenêtre
Les raccourcis clavier ci-après vous permettent de naviguer dans l’interface utilisateur
de Color, de passer d’un studio à l’autre ou d’une fenêtre à une autre.
Lecture et navigation
Les raccourcis clavier ci-après vous permettent de commander la lecture de votre projet et la navigation dans celui-ci en déplaçant la tête de lecture le long de la Timeline.
Commande Description
Commande + 1 Ouvrir le studio Setup
Commande + 2 Ouvrir le studio Primary In
Commande + 3 Ouvrir le studio Secondaries
Commande + 4 Ouvrir le studio Color FX
Commande + 5 Ouvrir le studio Primary Out
Commande + 6 Ouvrir le studio Geometry
Commande + 7 Ouvrir le magasin des images fixes
Commande + 8 File d’attente de rendu
Commande + 9 Ouvrir l’onglet Project Settings dans le studio Setup
Commande + 0 Ouvrir le navigateur de plans dans le studio Setup.
Maj + 1 Sélectionner la fenêtre Color
Maj + 2 Sélectionner la fenêtre Scopes
Maj + 0 Passer du mode simple écran au mode double écran ou vice versa
au prochain lancement de Color
Commande Description
Barre d’espace Alterner entre la lecture et l’arrêt
J Lire en arrière
K Arrêter
L lire vers l’avant
Flèche vers le bas Amener la tête de lecture sur le plan suivant
Flèche vers le haut Amener la tête de lecture sur le plan précédent
Flèche gauche Faire reculer la tête de lecture d’une image
Flèche droite Faire avancer la tête de lecture d’une image
Début Aller au début de la Timeline
Fin Aller à la fin de la Timeline
Maj + Contrôle + M Changer de mode de lecture
I Définir un point d’entrée de lecture sur la Timeline
O Définir un point de sortie de lecture sur la TimelineAnnexe B Raccourcis clavier 377
Raccourcis liés aux jeux d’étalonnage
Les raccourcis clavier ci-après vous permettent de créer, de sélectionner, de copier et
de coller des jeux d’étalonnage à appliquer aux plans sur lesquels est positionnée la
tête de lecture.
Raccourcis clavier relatifs à la Timeline
Les raccourcis clavier ci-après vous permettent de changer l’affichage de la Timeline ;
elles ne peuvent être utilisées que lorsque le pointeur se trouve dans la partie Timeline
de l’interface utilisateur.
Commande Description
Contrôle + 1 Créer un jeu d’étalonnage/Sélectionner le jeu d’étalonnage 1
Contrôle + 2 Créer un jeu d’étalonnage/Sélectionner le jeu d’étalonnage 2
Contrôle + 3 Créer un jeu d’étalonnage/Sélectionner le jeu d’étalonnage 3
Contrôle + 4 Créer un jeu d’étalonnage/Sélectionner le jeu d’étalonnage 4
Contrôle + G Activer/désactiver le jeu d’étalonnage sélectionné
Contrôle + Option + Maj + 1
(1 à 5)
Copier le jeu d’étalonnage sélectionné dans la mémoire 1 à 5
Option + Maj + 1 (1 à 5) Coller le jeu d’étalonnage stocké dans la mémoire 1 à 5
Contrôle + B Désigner le jeu d’étalonnage sélectionné comme le jeu d’étalonnage parfait
Commande Description
Commande + – Zoom arrière
– (pavé numérique) Zoom arrière
Command + + Zoom avant
+ (pavé numérique) Zoom avant
F Graduer la réglette de la Timeline en images
S Graduer la réglette de la Timeline en secondes
M Graduer la réglette de la Timeline en minutes
H Graduer la réglette de la Timeline en heures
Tab Alterner les graduations de la réglette de la Timeline entre images/
secondes/minutes/heures378 Annexe B Raccourcis clavier
Raccourcis clavier de montage
Les raccourcis clavier ci-après permettent de sélectionner des outils de montage lorsque vous travaillez sur des projets comportant des pistes vidéo non verrouillées.
Raccourcis clavier relatifs aux images clés
Les raccourcis clavier ci-après permettent de commander des opérations d’image clé
dans tous les studios.
Raccourcis relatifs au navigateur de plans
Les raccourcis clavier ci-après ne fonctionnent que lorsque le pointeur est dans le navigateur de plans du studio Setup.
Commande Description
Contrôle + S Choisir l’outil Sélection
Contrôle + R Choisir l’outil Roll
Contrôle + T Choisir l’outil Ripple
Contrôle + Y Choisir l’outil Coulissement
Contrôle + X Choisir l’outil Split
Contrôle + Z Choisir l’outil Splice
Contrôle + V Créer un point de montage à la position de la tête de lecture
Contrôle + B Fusionner un point de montage à la position de la tête de lecture
Commande Description
Contrôle + 8 Changer de type d’interpolation d’image clé à la position de la tête
de lecture
Contrôle + 9 Ajouter une image clé à la position de la tête de lecture
Contrôle + 0 Supprimer une image clé à la position de la tête de lecture
Option + Flèche gauche Amener la tête de lecture sur l’image clé précédente du plan sélectionné dans le studio sélectionné
Option + Flèche droite Amener la tête de lecture sur l’image clé suivante du plan sélectionné dans le studio sélectionné
Commande Description
G Affecter les plans sélectionnés à un même groupe
F Centrer le navigateur de plansAnnexe B Raccourcis clavier 379
Raccourci disponible dans le studio Geometry
Le raccourci clavier ci-après ne fonctionne que lorsque le pointeur est dans le studio
Geometry.
Raccourcis relatifs au magasin d’images fixes
Les raccourcis clavier ci-après vous permettent d’enregistrer et d’activer des images
fixes sans avoir besoin d’ouvrir le magasin Still Store.
Raccourcis relatifs à la file d’attente de rendu
Les raccourcis clavier ci-après vous permettent d’ajouter des plans à la file d’attente
de rendu et de lancer l’opération de rendu sans avoir besoin d’ouvrir la file d’attente.
Commande Description
F Encadrer l’image précédente dans le studio Geometry
Commande Description
Contrôle + U Activer les images fixes actuellement chargées
Contrôle + I Enregistrer l’image qui se trouve à la position de la tête de lecture
dans le magasin d’images fixes
Commande Description
Maj + Commande + A Ajouter les plans sélectionnés à la file d’attente de rendu
Option + Maj + Commande + A Ajouter tous les plans de la Timeline à la file d’attente de rendu
Commande + P Lancer l’opération de rendu 381
C Annexe
C Configuration d’une surface
de contrôle
Color est compatible avec les surfaces de contrôle
de marques JLCooper et Tangent Devices.
Une surface de contrôle vous permet d’effectuer simultanément des corrections de plusieurs paramètres dans le cours de votre travail. Vous y gagnez non seulement en rapidité, mais cela vous permet d’appliquer des réglages de couleur complexes en une seule
fois à différentes zones de l’image. Cette annexe explique comment raccorder à votre
ordinateur et configurer des surfaces de contrôle compatibles avec Color et aborde les
points suivants :
 Surfaces de contrôle JLCooper MCS-3000, MCS-Spectrum, MCS-3400 et MCS-
3800 (p. 382)
 Surface de contrôle Tangent Devices CP100 (p. 387)
 Surface de contrôle Tangent Devices de la gamme CP200 (p. 389)
 Personnalisation de la sensibilité des surfaces de contrôle (p. 394)382 Annexe C Configuration d’une surface de contrôle
Surfaces de contrôle JLCooper MCS-3000, MCS-Spectrum,
MCS-3400 et MCS-3800
JLCooper fabrique tout un ensemble de surfaces de contrôle compatibles aussi bien
avec Color qu’avec Final Cut Pro. La gamme de surfaces de contrôle MCS dispose à la
fois de commandes de navigation et de commandes propres à la correction de couleurs, dans différentes configurations.
Pour pouvoir utiliser les surfaces de contrôle MCS de JL Cooper avec Color, vous devez
disposer des éléments suivants et satisfaire aux conditions suivantes :
 un MCS-3000, MCS-3400 ou MCS-3800 avec surface de contrôle MCS-Spectrum
 une carte Ethernet dans le logement 1 de votre contrôleur
 un concentrateur, un routeur ou un commutateur multiport
 des câbles Ethernet Cat-5
La connexion Ethernet de la surface de contrôle MCS-Spectrum est établie avec
le contrôleur MCS-3000 à l’aide d’un câble d’extension Le contrôleur/surface de
contrôle MCS-3000 est lui-même raccordé à votre ordinateur par Ethernet.
Important : les surfaces de contrôle JLCooper ne peuvent pas être raccordées à un
second port Ethernet de l’ordinateur Mac Pro. Elles doivent être raccordées au port
Ethernet principal, si nécessaire au travers d’un concentrateur ou d’un commutateur
si ce port doit être partagé avec une connexion à Internet.
R3 B3
B2
R1 B1
R2
PAGE 5
PAGE 6
PAGE 8
PAGE 7
PAGE 1
PAGE 2
PAGE 4
PAGE 3
F1
M1
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
JOG SHUTTLE
M2 M3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BANK 1
BANK 2
HOURS MINUTES SECONDS FRAMES
BANK 4
BANK 4
PAGE
ASSIGN
UTILITY
M4 M5
TIME CODE DISPLAY
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8Annexe C Configuration d’une surface de contrôle 383
Configuration des surfaces de contrôle MCS-3000 et MCS-Spectrum
Les marches à suivre proposées ci-après expliquent comment configurer et utiliser
ces surfaces de contrôle avec Color.
Pour configurer les MCS-3000 et MCS-Spectrum pour utilisation avec Color :
1 Mettez le MCS-3000 sous tension et patientez jusqu’à la fin de son initialisation.
Le MCS-3000 fonctionne de la même façon que n’importe quel ordinateur de réseau. Vous
devez donc configurer ses réglages IP pour qu’il puisse être en réseau avec votre ordinateur.
2 Maintenez les touches SHIFT et ASSIGN/UTILITY enfoncées simultanément.
Les réglages d’adresse IP en vigueur s’affichent sur l’écran qui se trouve en haut de
l’appareil.
3 En utilisant le pavé numérique du MCS-3000, tapez les valeurs suivantes :
a Tapez une adresse IP, puis appuyez sur ENTER pour la valider et passer à l’étape suivante :
Vous pouvez, par exemple, lui attribuer l’adresse IP : 192.168.001.010
Remarque : les trois premiers groupes de chiffres de l’adresse doivent être les mêmes
que ceux des autres adresses IP utilisées sur votre réseau local. Si vous n’êtes pas sûr
des valeurs à utiliser, contrôlez l’adresse IP de votre ordinateur (elle se trouve dans
les réglages Réseau de vos Préférences Système) et créez l’adresse IP du MCS-3000
sur cette base, en ne changeant que le dernier groupe de chiffres de sorte que cette
adresse soit propre, c’est-à-dire non utilisée par un autre périphérique du réseau.
b Tapez une adresse de passerelle, puis appuyez sur ENTER pour la valider et passer
à l’étape suivante :
Remarque : les trois premiers groupes de chiffres de cette adresse doivent être
les mêmes que l’adresse IP que vous venez de créer.
c Tapez un masque de sous-adresse, puis appuyez sur ENTER pour la valider et passer
à l’étape suivante :
Dans l’exemple que nous avons pris, où les trois premiers groupes de chiffres des
adresses IP sont identiques pour toutes les adresses de votre réseau local, le masque
à indiquer est le suivant : 255.255.255.000
d Tapez un numéro de port par lequel communiquera l’appareil, puis appuyez sur
ENTER pour la valider et passer à l’étape suivante :
Vous pouvez, par exemple, taper : 49153
Remarque : pour éviter les conflits de numéros de port, choisissez une valeur comprise dans la plage définie par la norme comme celle des « Ports dynamiques et/ou
privés », c’est-à-dire entre 49152 et 65535.
4 Mettez hors tension le MCS-3000 et le MCS-Spectrum.
Maintenant que votre surface de contrôle est configurée, vous devez la paramétrer
dans Color.384 Annexe C Configuration d’une surface de contrôle
Pour utiliser les MCS-3000 et MCS-Spectrum avec Color :
1 Mettez d’abord sous tension le MCS-Spectrum, puis mettes sous tension le MCS-3000.
2 Ouvrez Color.
Si vous ouvrez Color pour la première fois, la zone de dialogue Control Surface Startup
vous est présentée. Si ce n’est pas la première fois que vous ouvrez Coloret si vous avez
demandé à ce que cette zone de dialogue n’apparaisse plus systématiquement au
démarrage, vous devez cliquer sur le bouton Show Control Surface Dialog de l’onglet
User Prefs du studio Setup.
3 Lorsque la zone de dialogue Control Surface Startup apparaît :
a Choisissez « JLCooper - MCS3000/Spectrum » dans le menu contextuel Control Surface.
b Tapez l’adresse IP que vous avez définie pour le MCS-3000 dans le champ Adresse IP,
puis appuyez sur Entrée.
c Tapez le numéro de port que vous avez défini pour le MCS-3000 dans le champ Port,
puis appuyez sur Entrée.
4 Cliquez sur Yes.
Les MCS-3000 et MCS-Spectrum sont en principe maintenant prêts à être utilisés avec Color.
Commandes des MCS-3000 et MCS-Spectrum
La plupart des commandes (ou « contrôles ») des MCS-3000 et MCS-Spectrum sont
identifiées par des libellés. Vous trouverez ci-après des indications sur ces commandes
et fonctions et sur celles dont l’emploi est moins immédiatement clair.Annexe C Configuration d’une surface de contrôle 385
MCS-3000
 Page 1-8 : Sélectionner l’un des huit studios de Color.
 F1 : Supprimer l’image clé
 F2 : Ajouter une image clé
 F3 : Modifier l’interpolation de l’image clé
 Retour arrière : Revenir au début du plan ou au plan précédent
 Avance rapide : Passer à la fin du plan ou au plan suivant
 Arrêt : Arrêter la lecture
 Lecture : Lancer la lecture
 Molette Jog Shuttle : Commande fine de la tête de lecture
 Pavé numérique : Commandes de navigation
 Locate : Aller à un timecode ou à un identifiant de plan
 Mode : Alterner la fonction de la touche Locate entre recherche de timecode et
recherche d’identifiant de plan
 Last : Retourner au dernier emplacement
 Enter : Valider une valeur de navigation
 M1 : Contrôle de vitesse
 M2 : Lecture en pouces [???]
 Bank1 : Sélectionner/Copier/Coller la mémoire d’étalonnage 1
 Bank2 : Sélectionner/Copier/Coller la mémoire d’étalonnage 2
 Bank3 : Sélectionner/Copier/Coller la mémoire d’étalonnage 3
 Bank4 : Sélectionner/Copier/Coller la mémoire d’étalonnage 4
 Assign : Alterner entre Sélectionner/Copier/Coller la mémoire d’étalonnage.
(L’afficheur LCD vous indique quelle opération est sélectionnée.)
F1
M1
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
JOG SHUTTLE
M2 M3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BANK 1
BANK 2
HOURS MINUTES SECONDS FRAMES
BANK 4
BANK 4
PAGE
ASSIGN
UTILITY
M4 M5
TIME CODE DISPLAY
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8386 Annexe C Configuration d’une surface de contrôle
Utilisation des contrôles de navigation
Il y a deux façons possible de naviguer sur la timeline à l’aide du pavé numérique
du MCS-3000.
Pour alterner entre navigation par saisie du timecode et par saisie du numéro de plan :
1 Appuyez sur Mode Locate ou sur Set Locate sur le MCS-3000.
2 Maintenez enfoncée la touche Shift (la touche bleue sous la série de touches F-), puis
appuyez sur Mode Locate.
Les indicateurs du MCS-3000 affichent 00 00 00 00 (Timecode) ou 0 (Numéro de plan)
pour vous indiquer dans quel mode vous êtes.
Pour vous déplacer sur la Timeline à l’aide du timecode (mode Timecode) :
1 Appuyez sur Mode Locate ou sur Set Locate sur le MCS-3000.
2 Tapez le timecode que vous voulez atteindre, puis appuyez sur Enter.
La tête de lecture passe à cet emplacement de timecode.
Pour vous déplacer sur la Timeline à l’aide des numéros de plan (mode Numéro
de plan) :
1 Appuyez sur Mode Locate ou sur Set Locate sur le MCS-3000.
2 Tapez le numéro de plan que vous voulez atteindre, puis appuyez sur Enter.
La tête de lecture se déplace vers le plan correspondant à ce numéro sur la Timeline.
Contrôles du MCS-Spectrum
R3 B3
B2
R1 B1
R2
PAGE 5
PAGE 6
PAGE 8
PAGE 7
PAGE 1
PAGE 2
PAGE 4
PAGE 3Annexe C Configuration d’une surface de contrôle 387
 R1 : Réinitialiser le curseur de contraste des ombres
 B1 : Réinitialiser le contrôle de couleur des ombres
 Boule de commande gauche : Réglage du contrôle de couleur des ombres
 Couronne gauche : Réglage du curseur de contraste des ombres (point noir)
 R2 : Réinitialiser le curseur de contraste des tons intermédiaires
 B2 : Réinitialiser le contrôle de couleur des tons intermédiaires
 Boule de commande centrale : Réglage du contrôle de couleur des tons intermédiaires
 Couronne centrale : Réglage du curseur de contraste des tons intermédiaires (gamma)
 R3 : Réinitialiser le curseur de contraste des hautes lumières
 B3 : Réinitialiser le contrôle de couleur des hautes lumières
 Boule de commande droite : Réglage du contrôle de couleur des hautes lumières
 Couronne droite : Réglage du curseur de contraste des hautes lumières (point blanc)
Surface de contrôle Tangent Devices CP100
Le Tangent Devices CP100 est une grande surface de contrôle intégrée combinant
toutes les fonctionnalités utiles en une seule console.
Configuration de la surface de contrôle CP100
Les marches à suivre proposées ci-après expliquent comment configurer et utiliser
cette surface de contrôle avec Color.
Remarque : vous devez avoir ouvert une session d’administrateur pour pouvoir
configurer le Tangent Devices CP100.
Pour configurer et utiliser le CP100 avec Color :
1 Raccordez le CP100 à votre ordinateur à l’aide d’un câble Ethernet.
Important : le CP100 ne peut pas être raccordé à un second port Ethernet de l’ordinateur Mac Pro. Elles doivent être raccordées au port Ethernet principal, si nécessaire au
travers d’un routeur ou d’un commutateur si ce port doit être partagé avec une connexion à Internet.
2 Mettez le CP100 sous tension et patientez jusqu’à la fin de son initialisation.
3 Ouvrez Color.388 Annexe C Configuration d’une surface de contrôle
Si vous ouvrez Color pour la première fois, la zone de dialogue Control Surface Startup
vous est présentée. Si ce n’est pas la première fois que vous ouvrez Coloret si vous avez
demandé à ce que cette zone de dialogue n’apparaisse plus systématiquement au
démarrage, vous devez cliquer sur le bouton Show Control Surface Dialog de l’onglet
User Prefs du studio Setup.
4 Lorsque la zone de dialogue Control Surface Startup apparaît :
a Choisissez « Tangent Devices - CP100 » dans le menu contextuel Control Surface.
b Lorsque le système vous demande votre mot de passe d’administrateur, tapez ce
dernier dans le champ correspondant, puis cliquez sur OK.
Le CP100 est maintenant en principe prêt à fonctionner avec Color.
Commandes du CP100
 Do : Copier le jeu d’étalonnage (Mémoire 1)
 Undo : Coller le jeu d’étalonnage (Mémoire 1)
 Redo : Copier le jeu d’étalonnage de la correction précédente sur la Timeline
 Cue : Commander la navigation (modes Timecode ou Numéro de plan)
 Mark : Créer une image fixe
 In : Définir le point d’entrée de lecture
 Out : Définir le point de sortie de lecture
 Select : Changer de mode de lecture
 Mix : Afficher/masquer l’image fixe
 Grade : Afficher/masquer le jeu d’étalonnage
 Delete : Reprendre le jeu d’étalonnage identique ou de la mémoire de base
 |< : Événement précédent
 >|- Événement suivant
 < : Lecture en arrière
 [] : Arrêter la lecture
 > : Lecture vers l’avant
 Touche adjacente à la molette jog/shuttle : Faire passer la vitesse de lecture à x10
Compressor 3
Manuel de
l’utilisateurK Apple Inc.
Copyright © 2007 Apple Inc. Tous droits réservés.
Vos droits sur le logiciel sont régis par l’accord de
licence qui l’accompagne. Le propriétaire ou l’utilisateur
autorisé d’une copie valide du logiciel Final Cut Studio
peut reproduire la présente publication dans le but
d’apprendre à utiliser ce logiciel. Aucune parte de la pré-
sente publication ne peut être reproduite ni transmise à
des fins commerciales, comme, par exemple, la vente de
copies de la présente publication ou pour la fourniture
de services d’assistance payants.
Le logo Apple est une marque d’Apple Inc., déposée
aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays. L’utilisation du logo
Apple sur un clavier (Option + 1) à des fins commerciales sans l’autorisation préalable écrite d’Apple Computer,
Inc. peut constituer une contrefaçon de la marque et
une concurrence déloyale en violation des lois fédérales
et nationales.
Tous les efforts nécessaires ont été mis en œuvre pour
que les informations contenues dans ce manuel soient
les plus exactes possibles. Apple n’est pas responsable
des erreurs d’écriture et d’impression.
Remarque : comme Apple publie souvent de nouvelles
versions et des mises à jour de son logiciel d’exploitation,
de ses applications et de ses sites Internet, les images qui
figurent dans le présent ouvrage peuvent varier légèrement de ce que vous voyez à l’écran.
Apple Inc.
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 950142084
408-996-1010
www.apple.com
Apple, le logo Apple, AppleScript, DVD Studio Pro,
Final Cut, Final Cut Pro, Final Cut Studio, FireWire,
iPod, iTunes, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, QuickTime et
Soundtrack sont des marques d’Apple Inc. déposées
aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays.
Apple TV et Finder sont des marques d’Apple Inc.
AppleCare et Apple Store sont des marques de
service d’Apple Inc. déposées aux États-Unis et
dans d’autres pays.
Dolby Laboratories : fabriqué sous licence de
Dolby Laboratories. « Dolby », « Pro Logic » et le
symbole avec le double D sont des marques de
Dolby Laboratories. Confidential Unpublished Works,
© 1992-1997 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Tous droits
réservés.
UNIX est une marque déposée de The Open Group.
Les autres noms de sociétés et de produits mentionnés
dans ce manuel sont les marques de leur société respective. La mention de produits tiers n’est effectuée qu’à
des fins informatives et ne constitue en aucun cas une
approbation ni une recommandation. Apple n’assume
aucune responsabilité vis-à-vis des performances ou de
l’utilisation de ces produits.
Photos de plateau du film « Koffee House Mayhem »
reproduites avec l’aimable autorisation de
Jean-Paul Bonjour. « Koffee House Mayhem »
© 2004 Jean-Paul Bonjour. Tous droits réservés.
http://www.jbonjour.com
Photos de plateau du film « A Sus Ordenes » reproduites avec l’aimable autorisation de Eric Escobar.
« A Sus Ordenes » © 2004 Eric Escobar. Tous droits
réservés.
http://www.kontentfilms.com 3
1 Table des matières
Préface 9 Introduction à Compressor
10 À propos du Manuel de l’utilisateur de Compressor
11 Scénarios standard de Compressor
12 Fonctions de Compressor
14 Formats de sortie pour transcodage
16 Utilisation du Manuel de l’utilisateur de Compressor
17 Sites web d’Apple
Chapitre 1 19 Premiers contacts rapides
19 Terminologie utilisée par Compressor
20 Flux de travaux Compressor rapide et facile
26 Tâches optionnelles disponibles avant l’envoi d’un lot
Chapitre 2 29 Flux de production de transcodage de base
32 Concepts et terminologie de Compressor
32 Préparation de Compressor au transcodage
34 Choix d’un format de sortie
35 Création d’un lot Compressor
37 Visualisation de l’état du transcodage
38 Raccourcis optionnels de Compressor
39 Configuration des préférences de Compressor
Chapitre 3 43 Interface de Compressor
44 Les fenêtres Compressor et le flux de transcodage
45 Création et gestion des modèles Compressor
48 Utilisation des fenêtres de Compressor
51 Fenêtre Lot
55 Onglet Réglages
56 Onglet Destinations
57 Fenêtre Inspecteur
68 Fenêtre Historique
69 Fenêtre Preview
70 Batch Monitor
71 Fenêtres Droplet4 Table des matières
72 À propos du changement des valeurs et des entrées de timecode
74 Raccourcis clavier généraux de Compressor
75 Raccourcis clavier de la fenêtre Preview
Chapitre 4 77 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources
78 À propos de la fenêtre Lot
79 Ajout de fichiers multimédia sources à un lot pour créer des tâches
87 Utilisation de l’Inspecteur avec des fichiers multimédia sources
90 Astuces pour l’importation de fichiers multimédia sources
Chapitre 5 93 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages
94 À propos de l’onglet Réglages
98 Utilisation de l’Inspecteur avec les réglages
99 Duplication des réglages
100 Création d’un réglage entièrement nouveau
102 Aperçu d’un réglage
104 Suppression de réglages
104 Création de groupes de réglages
106 Distribution et partage de réglages
106 Exemple : Création de réglages et de groupes personnalisés pour un DVD
Chapitre 6 109 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots
110 Affectation de réglages à des fichiers multimédia sources
113 Remplacement d’un réglage affecté par un autre réglage
114 Modification d’un réglage affecté
115 Affectation de destinations aux fichiers multimédia sources
117 Réglage du nom de fichier de sortie
117 À propos des cibles
118 À propos de l’ajout et de la copie de tâches
119 À propos de l’enchaînement de tâches
120 Soumission d’un lot
123 Astuce relative au test du transcodage
123 À propos de la fenêtre Historique
124 Nouvelle soumission d’un lot
125 Enregistrement et ouverture d’un lot
126 Envoi d’un projet Final Cut Pro pour transcodage
127 Renvoi d’un projet Final Cut Pro
127 Exportation à partir de Final Cut Pro et traitement distribué
131 Transcodage de différents plans à partir d’un fichier multimédia source
Chapitre 7 133 Création de fichiers AIFF
133 Création de fichiers de sortie AIFF
134 À propos de la sous-fenêtre AIFF Encoder
135 À propos de la zone de dialogue Réglages audio
136 Configuration des réglages AIFFTable des matières 5
Chapitre 8 139 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional
140 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur Dolby Digital Professional
147 Informations générales sur la création de fichiers Dolby Digital Professional
148 Conversion de fichiers audio stéréo au format Dolby Digital Professional
149 Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio Surround (méthode manuelle)
152 Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio Surround (méthodes automatiques)
154 Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio Surround à l’aide de droplets
154 Options de mixage spatial
Chapitre 9 157 Création de fichiers de sortie pour flux DV
157 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur DV
158 Processus de transcodage DV
Chapitre 10 159 Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour appareils Apple
160 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur H.264 pour appareils Apple
164 Processus H.264 pour iPod et Apple TV
Chapitre 11 165 Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro
165 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro
171 Flux de production H.264 pour DVD
Chapitre 12 173 Création de fichiers de séquence d’images
173 Création de fichiers de sortie de séquence d’images
174 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur de séquence d’images
175 Définition de réglages de séquence d’images
Chapitre 13 177 Création de fichiers de sortie MP3
177 Utilisations courantes du format MP3
178 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MP3
180 Processus de transcodage MP3
Chapitre 14 181 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1
181 Utilisations courantes de MPEG-1
182 Spécifications de la norme MPEG-1
183 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1
186 À propos des flux système et élémentaires
186 Flux de production de transcodage MPEG-1
188 Configuration du format de fichier MPEG-1 pour une utilisation Web
189 Configuration du format de fichier MPEG-1 pour une utilisation DVD6 Table des matières
Chapitre 15 195 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
195 À propos du format MPEG-2 en définition standard
196 À propos des sources haute définition et de MPEG-2
197 À propos des flux élémentaires, des flux de transport et des flux de programme
198 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-2
213 Informations supplémentaires sur les GOP et les marqueurs
216 Flux de production de transcodage MPEG-2
Chapitre 16 225 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4
226 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-4
230 Processus de transcodage MPEG-4 Partie 2
Chapitre 17 237 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime
237 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime
238 À propos de la sous-fenêtre AIFF Encoder QuickTime
246 Flux de production de transcodage QuickTime
250 Compréhension des codecs
250 Codecs vidéo QuickTime
251 Codecs audio QuickTime
Chapitre 18 253 Création de fichiers de sortie d’exportation QuickTime
253 Création de fichiers de sortie d’exportation QuickTime
254 Installation des modules de composant d’exportation QuickTime
254 À propos du module iPod
255 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur Composants d’exportation au format QuickTime
256 Configuration des réglages de composant d’exportation
Chapitre 19 257 Ajout de filtres à un réglage
257 Utilisation des filtres
260 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Filtres
261 Filtres disponibles
271 Ajout de filtres à un réglage
Chapitre 20 273 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage
273 Utilisation des contrôles d’images
274 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’images
279 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage
280 Utilisation du télécinéma inverse
283 Utilisation des contrôles de resynchronisation
Chapitre 21 287 Ajout de réglages de géométrie
287 Utilisation du rognage, de la mise à l’échelle et du remplissage
290 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Géométrie
294 Ajustements de géométrie pour un réglageTable des matières 7
Chapitre 22 297 Ajout d’actions à un réglage
297 Utilisation des actions de post-transcodage
299 Ajout d’actions
301 Déclenchement des droplets AppleScript
Chapitre 23 303 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview
304 À propos de la fenêtre Preview
310 Prévisualisation d’un plan
315 Transcodage d’une section du plan à l’aide de la fenêtre Preview
317 Ajout de marqueurs à un plan
323 Raccourcis clavier de la fenêtre Preview
Chapitre 24 325 Création et changement de destinations
326 À propos de l’onglet Destinations
327 Utilisation de l’Inspecteur avec l’onglet Destinations
328 Création d’une destination
332 Triangles d’avertissement
333 Suppression et duplication d’une destination
335 Création de destinations à utiliser avec DVD Studio Pro
Chapitre 25 337 Utilisation de droplets
338 À propos de la fenêtre Droplet
340 Création d’une droplet
341 Vérification des réglages de droplets et des options AppleScript
342 Utilisation d’une droplet pour transcoder des fichiers multimédia sources
344 Conseils à propos des droplet
Annexe A 345 Dépannage et assistance client
346 Contacter l’assistance AppleCare
347 Astuces de dépannage
Annexe B 349 Utilisation de la ligne de commande
349 Utilisation de la ligne de commande
349 Commandes de shell pour la configuration des nœuds de service et des contrôleurs de
cluster
350 Commandes de shell pour l’envoi de travaux Compressor
353 Commandes de shell pour le contrôle des lots
Index 355 9
Préface
Introduction à Compressor
Compressor constitue une partie essentielle du processus
de compression vidéo. Il rend la compression rapide, efficace
et pratique et vous offre des options supplémentaires pour
les paramètres et formats de sortie de compression.
Avec la multiplication des modes de visualisation et de découverte de contenus multimédia, tels que les sites web, Apple TV, l’iPod, les CD-ROM et les DVD, les créateurs de
contenus ont besoin de moyens de conversion simples et rapides pour que leurs création puissent être facilement lues par un grand nombre d’appareils.
Que vous souhaitiez créer une bande-annonce de haute qualité pouvant être ouverte
et visualisée sur le web en quelques secondes ou juste transférer un plan sur CD ou
DVD, il est nécessaire de compresser les fichiers multimédia afin de limiter leur espace
de stockage et de les rendre disponibles à la lecture. Compressor est un outil d’encodage audio et vidéo à grande vitesse qui offre un moyen efficace de convertir des contenus, quelle que soit le mode de lecture utilisé.
De plus, outre les différents modes de génération de visualisation, il faut également
considérer les nombreux formats de sortie. Vous pouvez être amené à compresser
le même fichier multimédia dans différents formats de sortie, afin de vous adapter aux
différents usages et lecteurs multimédia. Avec Compressor, vous pouvez sélectionner
différents formats de sortie pour une utilisation avec les divers modèles de distribution.10 Préface Introduction à Compressor
À propos du Manuel de l’utilisateur de Compressor
Cette préface, « Introduction à Compressor, » contient des informations générales
qui présentent la plupart des concepts et termes élémentaires liés à l’utilisation
de Compressor.
Les autres chapitres de ce manuel traitent des sujets suivants :
 Le chapitre 1, « Premiers contacts rapides », vous aidera à découvrir les procédures
élémentaires vous permettant d’utiliser Compressor pour la première fois.
 Le chapitre 2, « Flux de production de transcodage de base », contient des procédures plus détaillées pour la configuration de Compressor.
 Le chapitre 3, « Interface de Compressor », est une présentation rapide des fenêtres
et fonctionnalités de Compressor.
 Le chapitre 4, « Importation de fichiers multimédia sources », traite des types de
fichier que Compressor peut accepter, ainsi que comment les importer.
 Le chapitre 5, « Création, aperçu et modification des réglages », traite des réglages,
une composante essentielle du flux de production de Compressor.
 Le chapitre 6, « Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots », est une explication
détaillée du flux de production élémentaire de Compressor.
 Les chapitres 7 à 18 expliquent chacun des types de fichier de sortie. Pour plus
d’informations sur ces chapitres, consultez la section « Formats de sortie pour
transcodage » à la page 14.
 Les chapitres 19 à 22 vous expliquent comment ajouter des réglages et ajuster de
manière plus précise les effets visuels de vos tâches de transcodage Compressor
pour obtenir un résultat de meilleure qualité en termes d’images et de son.
 Le chapitre 23, « Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview », explique comment utiliser la fenê-
tre Preview de Compressor de façon à pouvoir examiner les fichiers multimédia sources, ainsi que l’effet des réglages Compressor que vous pouvez appliquer aux fichiers.
 Le chapitre 24, « Création et changement de destinations », explique comment configurer et enregistrer les destinations fréquemment utilisées pour les fichiers de sortie
transcodés.
 Le chapitre 25, « Utilisation de droplets », traite des applications glisser-déposer
que vous pouvez créer avec Compressor et qui vous feront gagner du temps.Préface Introduction à Compressor 11
Scénarios standard de Compressor
Voici quelques scénarios pouvant généralement être mis en œuvre avec Compressor :
 Conversion d’un fichier multimédia source en un ou plusieurs formats de sortie
différents : vous pouvez utiliser Compressor pour convertir un ou plusieurs fichiers
multimédia source en un ou plusieurs formats de sortie de fichiers multimédia diffé-
rents. Consultez la section « Flux de travaux Compressor rapide et facile » à la page 20
pour plus d’informations.
 Exportation de séquences ou de plans vers un ou plusieurs formats directement à partir
d’autres applications : vous pouvez utiliser Compressor pour convertir des séquences
ou des plans vers un ou plusieurs formats de fichier à partir d’autres applications
telles que Final Cut Pro. Ce flux de production est identique à celui décrit en détail
à la section « Envoi d’un projet Final Cut Pro pour transcodage » à la page 126.
Cette intégration à Final Cut Pro et à d’autres applications accélère et facilite le transcodage (processus de conversion des fichiers de leur format d’origine en fichiers de
sortie prêts pour la distribution dans un autre format) et permet également d’économiser de l’espace disque en évitant d’avoir à exporter les fichiers de données avant
leur traitement. Compressor tire aussi parti de la technologie de traitement vidéo des
autres applications pour dépasser les limites des tâches qui lui sont confiées (et donc
optimiser la qualité des images encodées) et éviter les dégradations pouvant survenir après les multiples étapes de compression et de décompression.
Périphériques Apple Vidéo DVD CD-ROM
Apple TV
iPod
iTunes
Application
Compressor
H.264
MP3
MP3
MPEG-1
MPEG-4
QuickTime
AC-3
AIFF
H.264
MPEG-1
MPEG-2
AIFF
MP3
QuickTime
Média source ou
projet Final Cut Pro
Sur le Web
Séquence
QuickTime
(pour bas débit et
pour haut débit)12 Préface Introduction à Compressor
 Création de fichiers compatibles DVD à utiliser avec DVD Studio Pro : avant de pouvoir
convertir vos fichiers multimédia existants en projets DVD Studio Pro, vous devez
convertir la vidéo en fichiers MPEG-1 (projets SD uniquement), MPEG-2 (projets SD
et HD) ou H.264 (projets HD uniquement). En effet, avant d’importer un ou plusieurs
fichiers multimédia dans DVD Studio Pro, Compressor les transcode dans le format
approprié. Compressor peut encoder l’audio au format Dolby Digital Professional
(également appelé AC-3). Dolby Digital Professional est un format audio compressé
très courant pour les disques DVD-Vidéo. Compressor gère également deux situations spécialisées :
 Lorsque vous éditez des sources haute définition (HD) dans Final Cut Pro et que
vous souhaitez créer un DVD en définition standard (DS) à partir de ces sources,
Compressor offre une fonctionnalité de conversion. Les sources HD qui utilisent
des résolutions de 1080i ou 720p utilisent un processus de transcodage haute qualité pour créer des fichiers de sortie vidéo DS MPEG-2.
 Si vous devez faire tenir un maximum de vidéo sur un DVD et que vous n’avez pas
besoin de la qualité de diffusion, Compressor permet d’exporter les fichiers au format MPEG-1 compatible DVD-Vidéo.
Fonctions de Compressor
Compressor peut fonctionner en tant qu’application autonome et être intégré au flux de
production d’autres applications telles que Final Cut Pro. Pour cela, Compressor accepte
le même éventail de types de fichiers multimédia que Final Cut Pro. Compressor cible
les professionnels de la postproduction et de la compression vidéo, qui requièrent de
hautes performances et un contrôle maximum du contenu numérique final pour la création de DVD, les serveurs de contenu multimédia et les dispositifs sans fil. Outre les possibilités de redimensionnement, de rognage, de traitement des images, d’encodage et
de distribution, Compressor offre les fonctions suivantes :
 Traitement par lot : ce processus simplifié permet de créer plusieurs fichiers de sortie
à partir d’un seul fichier multimédia source.
 Options VBR : à l’aide de l’encodeur MPEG-2, vous pouvez définir pour vos fichiers de
sortie un encodage VBR (Variable Bit Rate - débit variable) en une seule ou en deux
passes, ce qui a une incidence sur la qualité de l’image des fichiers vidéo.
 Encodage H.264 : le format H.264 génère de la vidéo de qualité supérieure à des
débits inférieurs, pour tout type de périphériques allant des téléphones portables à
la haute définition (HD). Le format H.264 est particulièrement bien adapté au lecteur
Apple QuickTime 7. Compressor inclut les formats H.264 conçus particulièrement
pour les DVD HD, iTunes, l’iPod et Apple TV.
 Droplets : ces applications autonomes peuvent être utilisées pour des opérations de
transcodage par glisser-déposer, directement depuis le bureau. Après leur création,
les Droplets simplifient et automatisent le processus de transcodage et peuvent être
utilisées sans que Compressor ne soit lancé.Préface Introduction à Compressor 13
 Réglages : les réglages contiennent tous les outils nécessaires au transcodage
(format de fichier, filtre et réglages géométriques). Vous pouvez personnaliser et
modifier les réglages fournis par Apple ou en créer de nouveaux et développer
une bibliothèque de réglages spécialisés pouvant être réutilisés.
 Des filtres : la sélection de filtres Compressor disponibles vous confère un contrôle
artistique dynamique pendant la conversion de vos fichiers multimédia sources
dans d’autres formats et vous permet de créer un produit final conforme à vos spécifications. Les filtres disponibles sont les suivants : fondu entrant/sortant, incrustations de timecode, correction gamma, suppression du bruit, letterbox, filigranes,
ajustement de couleur, etc. Il existe en outre des filtres audio permettant de contrô-
ler la plage dynamique, les niveaux de pics, l’égalisation et le fondu entrant/sortant.
 Prévisualisation : vous pouvez prévisualiser vos réglages de filtres en temps réel dans
la fenêtre Preview tout en les modifiant dans la fenêtre Inspecteur. Cela vous permet
de modifier légèrement les paramètres à votre convenance avant le transcodage du
fichier multimédia source.
 Destinations : vous pouvez créer et enregistrer différentes destinations pour vos
fichiers de sortie, qui peuvent ensuite être associées à la cible de chaque fichier de sortie. Ces destinations peuvent être des sites FTP ou des emplacements iDisk. Une destination peut également spécifier la convention d’appellation de fichier à utiliser.
 Géométrie : vous pouvez régler les dimensions de l’image à l’aide des contrôles de
géométrie de la fenêtre Inspecteur et des contrôles graphiques de la fenêtre Preview.
Ces fonctionnalités permettent de rogner les zones des images que vous souhaitez
supprimer de votre fichier multimédia source, et de réduire ainsi la taille du fichier.
Compressor permet aussi de redimensionner l’image aux proportions suivantes : 4:3,
16:9 et 2,35:1 pour une utilisation sur d’autres plateformes, comme le DVD ou iPod.
 Publication : vous pouvez utiliser Compressor pour télécharger vos fichiers de sortie
sur un serveur de contenu multimédia, de type QuickTime Streaming Server, ou sur
d’autres supports pour la création de DVD.
 Utilisation d’AppleScript : vous pouvez ajouter des informations AppleScript spécialisées à n’importe quel fichier de sortie, ce qui vous confère la souplesse nécessaire
pour automatiser et personnaliser les opérations de post-encodage.
 Interopérabilité : Compressor est un élément fondamental des applications vidéo
professionnelles Apple, tout comme Final Cut Pro et DVD Studio Pro. À partir de
Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez exporter des séquences directement dans Compressor
pour les transcoder, et déplacer des fichiers MPEG-2 transcodés de Compressor à
DVD Studio Pro pour simplifier le processus de création de DVD.
 Activité de transcodage en arrière-plan : grâce à Compressor, il est possible de commencer le transcodage d’un lot, puis de laisser celui-ci se dérouler en arrière-plan,
ce qui vous permet d’exécuter d’autres tâches en même temps. 14 Préface Introduction à Compressor
 Notification par message électronique : Compressor peut être configuré de manière à
vous envoyer des notifications par message électronique pour vous avertir de la fin
du transcodage d’un lot, quelle que soit l’adresse électronique spécifiée.
 Traitement distribué : Compressor fournit le traitement distribué qui répartit le travail
sur plusieurs ordinateurs choisis pour offrir une puissance de traitement supplémentaire. La fonctionnalité de traitement distribué est limitée aux ordinateurs sur lesquels est installé Final Cut Studio ou DVD Studio Pro. Pour plus d’informations,
consultez le guide Configuration du traitement distribué.
 Fonctionnalités de ligne de commande : Compressor comporte désormais un certain
nombre d’options de ligne de commande pour l’envoi de tâches, l’activation et
la désactivation des services de contrôle de nœuds et de clusters, ainsi que la surveillance des lots.
Formats de sortie pour transcodage
La sélection de la plate-forme de lecture appropriée (dispositifs Apple, web, CD, DVD et
borne interactive) est le premier choix à faire avant de compresser un fichier multimé-
dia source dans un format de sortie différent. Après avoir sélectionné une plate-forme,
vous pouvez choisir le format de sortie qui lui convient le mieux.
Quel que soit le format vidéo numérique de votre fichier multimédia source, ce dernier
peut être transcodé à l’aide de l’un des encodeurs suivants, fournis avec Compressor :
 AIFF : destiné à une utilisation audio (création de DVD ou de CD). Pour plus de détails
sur le format AIFF, consultez le chapitre 7, « Création de fichiers AIFF », à la page 133.
 Flux de vidéo numérique (DV) : le format DV est devenu extrêmement populaire à
cause de son prix réduit et de sa grande disponibilité lorsque l’on travaille sur des
projets SD.
 Dolby Digital Professional : également appelé AC-3. Format destiné à la création de
DVD. Pour plus de détails sur le format AC-3, consultez la section « Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional » à la page 139.Préface Introduction à Compressor 15
 H.264 : nouvelle génération de technologie de compression vidéo à la norme
MPEG-4. Également appelée MPEG-4 Partie 10. Adapté aux DVD HD et à de
nombreuses autres utilisations, le format H.264 peut atteindre la qualité MPEG-2
maximale avec un débit inférieur de moitié. H.264 est actuellement obligatoire dans
les deux nouvelles spécifications DVD haute définition (DVD HD et Blu-Ray). Pour
plus d’informations sur le format H.264, particulièrement sur son utilisation dans le
cadre de projets DVD HD, consultez la section « Création de fichiers de sortie H.264
pour DVD Studio Pro » à la page 165. Pour plus d’informations sur la création de
fichiers H.264 pour les utiliser dans iTunes, sur un iPod ou avec Apple TV, consultez
le chapitre 10, « Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour appareils Apple », à la
page 159. Pour obtenir des informations sur la création de fichiers H.264 en vue
d’une utilisation dans un autre contexte (comme par exemple la vidéo diffusée sur
le web), voir « Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime » à la page 237.
 Séquence d’images : destiné aux autres programmes qui importent les données sous
la forme d’une série d’images fixes au format TIFF ou TARGA. Pour plus de détails sur
le format Séquence d’images, consultez le chapitre 12, « Création de fichiers de
séquence d’images », à la page 173.
 MPEG-1 : destiné à une utilisation Internet ou DVD spécialisée. Pour plus de détails sur
le format MPEG-1, consultez le chapitre 14, « Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1 », à
la page 181.
 MPEG-2 : destiné à la lecture de DVD. Pour plus de détails sur le format MPEG-2,
consultez le chapitre 15, « Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 », à la page 195.
 MPEG-4 : spécification très évolutive, avec différentes utilisations, de la vidéo web aux
périphériques sans fil en passant par la HD. Pour plus de détails sur le format MPEG-4,
consultez le chapitre 16, « Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4 », à la page 225.
 Séquence QuickTime : QuickTime est une technologie multimédia interplateforme.
Elle permet à des applications Mac OS et Windows de lire des fichiers vidéo et audio,
ainsi que des fichiers d’images fixes. Pour plus de détails sur le format QuickTime,
consultez le chapitre 17, « Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime », à la page 237.
 Composants d’exportation QuickTime : exploitant l’architecture à modules de
QuickTime, Compressor peut désormais générer un large éventail de formats supplé-
mentaires, tels que Windows Media, RealPlayer, 3G et AVI. Pour plus de détails sur
les composants d’exportation de QuickTime, consultez la section « Création de fichiers de sortie d’exportation QuickTime » à la page 253.16 Préface Introduction à Compressor
Utilisation du Manuel de l’utilisateur de Compressor
Le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Compressor décrit étape par étape l’utilisation de
Compressor, un outil de compression de fichiers multimédia sources, et contient des
informations générales et conceptuelles sur la compression. Il a été conçu pour fournir
les informations dont vous avez besoin pour rentrer rapidement en matière et tirer au
mieux parti de Compressor.
Le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Compressor vous permet d’accéder aux informations directement à l’écran lorsque vous travaillez dans Compressor. Pour afficher ces informations, choisissez Aide > Manuel de l’utilisateur de Compressor. Ce manuel comporte
des liens hypertextes et présente un grand nombre de fonctionnalités facilitant la
recherche d’informations.
 La page d’accueil vous permet d’accéder rapidement à différentes fonctions,
parmi lesquelles l’index, ainsi que d’autres documents et sites web importants.
 Une liste détaillée de signets vous permet de choisir rapidement ce que vous voulez
voir et vous emmène à la section correspondante d’un simple clic sur le lien.
Outre ces outils de navigation, le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Compressor propose d’autres
méthodes d’accès rapide aux informations :
 Toutes les références croisées du texte sont liées à l’aide de l’hypertexte. Vous pouvez cliquer sur n’importe quelle référence croisée et atteindre immédiatement son
emplacement. Vous pouvez ensuite cliquer sur la flèche arrière de la fenêtre Preview
pour retourner là où vous étiez avant de cliquer sur la référence croisée.
 La table des matières et l’index sont également constitués de liens hypertexte.
Si vous cliquez sur une entrée dans l’une ou l’autre de ces sections, vous atteignez
directement la section de l’aide correspondante.
 Vous pouvez également utiliser la zone de dialogue Recherche pour trouver une portion de texte à l’aide de mots ou d’une phrase.
Pour accéder à l’aide en ligne, procédez comme suit :
m Choisissez Aide > Manuel de l’utilisateur de Compressor.
m Appuyez sur les touches Commande + virgule.
Outre l’accès au Manuel de l’utilisateur de Compressor, le menu Aide contient également
une option de création d’un profil d’assistance. Dans certains cas d’assistance technique, AppleCare peut vous demander des informations autant sur l’ordinateur que sur la
configuration de l’application en question. Sélectionnez Aide > Créer un profil d’assistance pour créer un fichier contenant les informations nécessaires et pouvant être
envoyé par courrier électronique à AppleCare. Vous devez normalement utiliser cette
fonction, à moins qu’un représentant de AppleCare ne vous indique le contraire.Préface Introduction à Compressor 17
Sites web d’Apple
Différents sites web Apple vous donnent accès à des informations complémentaires.
Site web de Compressor
Visitez ce site pour obtenir des informations générales et des mises à jour et pour
consulter les dernières actualités concernant Compressor.
Pour accéder au site web de Compressor, accédez au site suivant :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/finalcutpro/compressor.html
Vous trouverez sur Internet une grande variété d’espaces de discussion, de forums
et de ressources éducatives dédiés à Compressor.
Site web de support et d’assistance d’Apple
Accédez à ces sites pour obtenir des mises à jour logicielles et trouver les réponses
que vous cherchez dans la foire aux questions, consacrée à tous les produits Apple,
y compris Compressor. Vous pourrez aussi y consulter les spécifications des produits,
des documents de référence et des articles techniques sur des produits Apple et tiers.
Pour accéder au site web de support et d’assistance d’Apple :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/support
Pour accéder au site web d’assistance de Compressor, accédez au site suivant :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/support/compressor
Pour accéder aux pages de discussion Apple, allez à l’adresse :
 http://discussions.info.apple.com (en anglais)
Autres sites web d’Apple
Commencez par la page d’accueil principale du site web d’Apple pour rechercher
les plus récentes informations sur les produits Apple.
 http://www.apple.com/fr
QuickTime est une technologie devenue standard dans l’industrie pour la gestion de
la vidéo, du son, de l’animation, des graphiques, du texte, de la musique et des scènes
de réalité virtuelle (VR) à 360 degrés. QuickTime offre un niveau élevé de performances, de compatibilité et de qualité pour la sortie de vidéo numérique. Consultez le site
web de QuickTime pour obtenir des informations sur les types de données gérés,
vous familiariser avec l’interface QuickTime, connaître les caractéristiques, etc.
 http://www.apple.com/fr/quicktime18 Préface Introduction à Compressor
FireWire est l’un des systèmes standard de périphériques les plus rapides jamais développés, ce qui en fait un moyen idéal pour utiliser des périphériques multimédia tels
que les caméscopes et les disques durs à grande vitesse les plus récents. Visitez ce site
web pour connaître les caractéristiques et les avantages de la technologie FireWire,
consulter des informations sur les logiciels FireWire et savoir quels sont les produits
FireWire tiers disponibles.
 http://www.apple.com/fr/firewire
Pour plus d’informations sur les séminaires, événements et autres outils tiers utilisés
pour l’édition sur le web, le design et l’impression, la musique et l’audio, les films assistés par ordinateur, l’imagerie numérique et les arts médiatiques, consultez :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/pro
Pour des références, des commentaires et des informations sur des projets développés
par des utilisateurs pour la formation à l’aide de logiciels d’Apple, notamment
Compressor, consultez :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/education
Accédez au magasin Apple Store pour acheter des logiciels, du matériel et des accessoires directement auprès d’Apple. Vous pourrez aussi y trouver des offres spéciales
portant sur du matériel et des logiciels tiers.
 http://store.apple.com/Apple/WebObjects/francestore/1
19
1 Premiers contacts rapides
Compressor comprend un certain nombre de réglages
préexistants qui vous permettent de commencer à
transcoder immédiatement.
Si vous disposez d’un ou plusieurs fichiers multimédia sources et que les destinations
et les réglages existants de Compressor conviennent à vos besoins de transcodage,
vous pouvez commencer le transcodage des fichiers de média dès l’installation de
Compressor.
Ce chapitre contient les sections suivantes :
 Terminologie utilisée par Compressor (p. 19)
 Flux de travaux Compressor rapide et facile (p. 20)
 Tâches optionnelles disponibles avant l’envoi d’un lot (p. 26)
Terminologie utilisée par Compressor
Compressor utilise quelques termes avec lesquels vous devriez vous familiariser avant
de commencer à vous servir de l’application.
Un lot est l’élément central du processus de transcodage. Il contient un ou plusieurs
fichiers multimédia sources, qui sont les fichiers que vous souhaitez transcoder,
c’est-à-dire convertir, dans un autre format. Chaque fichier multimédia source crée
sa propre tâche. Cela signifie qu’un lot peut contenir plusieurs tâches et que chacune
de ces tâches repose sur le fichier multimédia source auquel elle est associée.
Chaque tâche possède également au moins une cible. Les cibles déterminent le type de
fichier de sortie qui doit être créé par le processus de transcodage. Vous avez la possibilité d’affecter plusieurs cibles à une tâche, ce qui signifie que vous pouvez facilement
créer plusieurs fichiers de sortie ayant chacun un format différent.
Chaque cible est formée de trois parties :
 Le réglage : la partie réglage d’une cible détermine le format d’encodage utilisé,
ainsi qu’un certain nombre d’autres aspects, notamment divers filtres et attributs
de géométrie.20 Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts rapides
 La destination : la partie destination d’une cible détermine l’endroit où le fichier de
sortie est enregistré. Elle définit également les règles utilisées pour créer le nom du
fichier de sortie. Compressor comprend un réglage de préférence qui vous permet
de spécifier une destination par défaut.
 Le nom du fichier de sortie : vous pouvez modifier la partie de la cible relative au nom
du fichier de sortie si, pour une raison ou une autre, vous ne souhaitez pas utiliser
le nom créé automatiquement en fonction de la destination.
Remarque : vous ne pouvez transcoder une tâche que si au moins un réglage lui
a été affecté.
Si vous devez créer vos propres réglages ou modifier ceux qui sont fournis avec
Compressor, reportez-vous au chapitre 2, « Flux de production de transcodage de
base », à la page 29 et au chapitre 5, « Création, aperçu et modification des réglages »,
à la page 93.
Flux de travaux Compressor rapide et facile
Les flux de travaux suivants décrivent la façon la plus simple d’utiliser Compressor :
 Ajout de fichiers multimédia sources à Compressor (p. 20)
 Affectation de réglages et de destinations aux tâches (p. 22)
 Envoi d’un lot (p. 25)
Étape 1 : Ajout de fichiers multimédia sources à Compressor
1 Double-cliquez sur l’icône Compressor dans le dossier Applications.
Compressor s’ouvre en affichant un lot vide sans titre contenant une tâche fictive.
Fenêtre Preview
Fenêtre Historique
Onglets Réglages et
Destinations
Fenêtre de lot sans titre
avec tâche fictive
Fenêtre InspecteurChapitre 1 Premiers contacts rapides 21
Remarque : sélectionnez une présentation standard dans le menu Fenêtre > Présentation
pour afficher une configuration de l’interface Compressor semblable à celle qui apparaît
dans la figure ci-dessus.
2 Faites glisser les fichiers source du Finder ou du bureau jusque dans la fenêtre Lot.
Remarque : si vous faites glisser plusieurs fichiers sur la zone réservée à la vignette
(indiquée par une flèche dans cet exemple), seul le dernier fichier est ajouté à la tâche
et tous les autres fichiers sont ignorés.
De nouvelles tâches sont créées chaque fois que vous faites glisser un fichier source
sur le lot.
Consultez la section « À propos de la fenêtre Lot » à la page 78 pour plus d’informations sur les contrôles de la fenêtre globale.
Zone de vignette
de la tâche
Chaque fichier source
crée une tâche
dans le lot.
Zone cible (vide dans
ce cas) d’une tâche22 Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts rapides
Étape 2 : Affectation de réglages et de destinations aux tâches
Vous devez affecter au moins un réglage à chaque tâche de fichier multimédia source
avant de pouvoir envoyer le lot à traiter, mais vous pouvez également ajouter plusieurs
réglages à une même tâche afin de transcoder plusieurs versions du fichier multimédia.
Dans Compressor, chaque paire formée par un réglage et une destination est appelée
une cible.
1 Sélectionnez un réglage pour vos tâches de fichier multimédia source de l’une des
façons suivantes :
 Pour affecter différents réglages à différentes tâches : faites glisser les réglages de
l’onglet Réglages sur chaque tâche concernée dans la fenêtre Lot.Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts rapides 23
 Pour affecter un seul réglage à plusieurs tâches sélectionnées : sélectionnez les tâches
(fichiers multimédia sources) dans la fenêtre Lot, puis choisissez Cible > Nouvelle
cible avec réglage. Une zone de dialogue de sélection de réglages est affichée pardessus la fenêtre Lot.
Choisissez un ou plusieurs réglages, en utilisant le triangle d’affichage pour faire
apparaître chacun d’entre eux, puis cliquez sur Ajouter. Les réglages choisis sont
affectés à toutes les tâches sélectionnées.
Vous pouvez aussi choisir Édition > Tout sélectionner pour sélectionner toutes
les tâches avant d’appliquer les réglages. Reportez-vous au chapitre 5, « Création,
aperçu et modification des réglages », à la page 93 pour obtenir de plus amples informations sur les réglages et au chapitre 6, « Finalisation de tâches et soumission de
lots », à la page 109 pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation des tâches et des cibles.
L’étape suivante consiste à définir la destination. Cette destination est réglée par défaut
sur Source, ce qui signifie que les fichiers de sortie sont stockés dans le dossier d’origine des fichiers source. Vous pouvez, pour des raisons de classement ou pour tirer
parti de disques durs plus grands ou plus rapides, changer la destination.
Dans la fenêtre Lot,
sélectionnez les tâches
concernées.
Sélectionnez les réglages
à appliquer aux tâches
sélectionnées.
Cliquez sur Ajouter pour
affecter les réglages aux
tâches sélectionnées.
Les réglages choisis
sont affectés comme
cibles aux tâches
sélectionnées.24 Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts rapides
Remarque : vous pouvez choisir une destination par défaut dans la fenêtre Préférences
de Compressor. Consultez la section « Configuration des préférences de Compressor » à
la page 39 pour plus d’informations.
Vous pouvez définir la destination de chaque cible ou d’un groupe sélectionné de cibles.
2 Choisissez une destination pour les cibles de votre tâche de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Ne faites rien. Acceptez la destination par défaut nommée Source (le même dossier
que celui dans lequel ont été créés les fichiers multimédia sources), indiquée dans
la colonne Destination.
 Utilisez le menu contextuel de la cible pour modifier un réglage à la fois. Cliquez sur
la cible que vous souhaitez modifier tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez l’une des destinations préexistantes disponibles dans le sousmenu Destination.
Vous pouvez aussi sélectionner Autre dans le menu contextuel, afin d’ouvrir
une zone de dialogue permettant de choisir comme destination tout emplacement
accessible depuis votre ordinateur.
Remarque : si vous sélectionnez l’option Autre, vous pouvez choisir n’importe quel
emplacement accessible depuis votre ordinateur, y compris un volume monté
ouvert. Toutefois, ce disque doit rester ouvert jusqu’à l’achèvement du transcodage
du lot.
La même méthode permet également de sélectionner plusieurs cibles et de changer
toutes leurs destinations d’un seul coup. Vous pouvez également utiliser le menu
Cible > Destination pour choisir une destination ou faire glisser une destination de
l’onglet Destinations sur la cible.
Consultez le chapitre 24, « Création et changement de destinations », à la page 325
pour obtenir plus d’informations sur les destinations.
3 Vous pouvez attribuer un nom au lot, puis l’enregistrer en choisissant
Fichier > Enregistrer.
Utilisez le menu contextuel
de la cible pour changer
la destination des
cibles sélectionnées.Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts rapides 25
Étape 3 : Envoi d’un lot
Lorsqu’au moins un réglage et une destination sont associés à chaque fichier multimé-
dia, ce dernier devient une tâche et votre lot est prêt à être soumis. Cliquez sur le bouton Soumettre pour envoyer votre lot.
Une zone de dialogue est affichée pour vous permettre d’attribuer un nom à cette soumission, de définir sa priorité et de spécifier si le traitement distribué doit être utilisé.
Dans la plupart des cas, vous pouvez laisser les réglages tels qu’ils sont et vous contenter de cliquer sur Soumettre.
Après avoir envoyé un lot, vous pouvez ouvrir Batch Monitor pour visualiser l’état du
transcodage de votre lot. Vous pouvez configurer Batch Monitor pour qu’il s’ouvre
automatiquement dans la fenêtre Préférences de Compressor.
Remarque : vous pouvez toujours ouvrir Batch Monitor en double-cliquant sur l’icône
Batch Monitor dans le dossier Utilitaires situé à l’intérieur du dossier Applications ou en
cliquant sur son icône dans la fenêtre Lot.26 Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts rapides
Il est possible de surveiller la progression de l’encodage depuis la fenêtre Historique.
Consultez le chapitre 6, « Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots », à la page 109
pour obtenir plus d’informations sur les tâches et les lots.
Tâches optionnelles disponibles avant l’envoi d’un lot
Les trois étapes décrites dans la section précédente montrent le moyen le plus rapide
de transcoder des fichiers de média. Bien que vous ayez la possibilité de modifier
les réglages existants, vous ne pouvez pas prévisualiser vos fichiers ou optimiser
les différents réglages.
Les chapitres suivants décrivent les modifications optionnelles que vous pouvez apporter au réglage de n’importe quelle tâche avant son envoi :
 chapitre 5, « Création, aperçu et modification des réglages », à la page 93
 chapitre 6, « Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots », à la page 109
 chapitre 19, « Ajout de filtres à un réglage », à la page 257
 chapitre 20, « Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage », à la page 273
 chapitre 21, « Ajout de réglages de géométrie », à la page 287
 chapitre 22, « Ajout d’actions à un réglage », à la page 297
 chapitre 23, « Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview », à la page 303
 chapitre 24, « Création et changement de destinations », à la page 325 Chapitre 1 Premiers contacts rapides 27
Les chapitres suivants décrivent plus en détail les paramètres des formats de sortie
et les différentes options de transcodage :
 chapitre 7, « Création de fichiers AIFF », à la page 133
 chapitre 8, « Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional », à la page 139
 chapitre 9, « Création de fichiers de sortie pour flux DV », à la page 157
 chapitre 11, « Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro », à la
page 165
 chapitre 10, « Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour appareils Apple », à la
page 159
 chapitre 12, « Création de fichiers de séquence d’images », à la page 173
 chapitre 13, « Création de fichiers de sortie MP3 », à la page 177
 chapitre 14, « Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1 », à la page 181
 chapitre 15, « Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 », à la page 195
 chapitre 16, « Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4 », à la page 225
 chapitre 17, « Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime », à la page 237
 chapitre 18, « Création de fichiers de sortie d’exportation QuickTime », à la page 2532
29
2 Flux de production de transcodage
de base
Avec Compressor, le transcodage de médias en de multiples
formats est d’une grande facilité.
Compressor est en outre intégré à d’autres applications, telles que Final Cut Pro,
et génère des fichiers de haute qualité, compatibles avec DVD Studio Pro, grâce à
un transcodage transparent, réalisé directement en une seule application, entre les
différents formats multimédia.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 Concepts et terminologie de Compressor (p. 32)
 Préparation de Compressor au transcodage (p. 32)
 Création d’un lot Compressor (p. 35)
 Visualisation de l’état du transcodage (p. 37)
 Raccourcis optionnels de Compressor (p. 38)
 Configuration des préférences de Compressor (p. 39)
Le diagramme suivant illustre le mode de fonctionnement du processus de transcodage de Compressor. Le principal élément du transcodage est le lot. Un lot représente
tous les composants nécessaires au transcodage d’un média. Il doit contenir une ou
plusieurs tâches. Une tâche se compose d’au moins un fichier multimédia source avec
une ou plusieurs cibles, chacune étant associée à un réglage et une destination. Quand
le processus de transcodage est terminé, le fichier résultant est connu sous le nom de
fichier multimédia de sortie. Chaque réglage attribué à un fichier multimédia source
donne lieu à la création d’un fichier multimédia de sortie. 30 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de transcodage de base
Dans l’illustration ci-dessous, le lot contient deux fichiers multimédia sources, chacun
d’eux constituant une tâche contenant deux cibles (comprenant un réglage et une
destination). Les fichiers de sortie créés par le transcodage de ce lot seront au nombre
total de quatre. Tâche 1 donnera lieu à la création de deux fichiers multimédia de
sortie, tout comme Tâche 2.
Dans Compressor, un processus de transcodage typique inclut les composants suivants :
 Un fichier multimédia source : le processus de transcodage commence toujours par
un fichier multimédia source, qui est le fichier destiné à être transcodé dans sa forme
d’origine. Les fichiers multimédia sources sont toujours du type suivant :
 Un film : contenant des données audio, vidéo et autres (des marqueurs par
exemple).
 Des images fixes : utilisées comme partie d’une séquence d’images fixes pour
certaines productions vidéo.
 Réglage : une fois que vous avez importé votre fichier multimédia source, vous
devez lui affecter un ou plusieurs réglages. Un réglage est une combinaison
d’attributs de transcodage, comme le format de sortie, les filtres et les réglages
de géométrie, qui vont être appliqués au fichier multimédia source pendant le
processus de transcodage.
Fichier média
de sortie
2
Lot
Tâche 2
Fichier média de sortie
(Tâche 2, Cible 2)
Cible 2
Réglage Destination
Fichier média de sortie
(Tâche 2, Cible 1)
CIble 1
Réglage Destination
Fichier média
de sortie
1
Tâche 1
Fichier média de sortie
(Tâche 1, Cible2)
Cible 2
Réglage Destination
Fichier média de sortie
(Tâche 1, Cible1)
Cible 1
Réglage DestinationChapitre 2 Flux de production de transcodage de base 31
 Format (du fichier) de sortie : dépend de l’encodeur que vous choisissez pour convertir votre fichier source. Choisissez l’un des formats suivants selon l’environnement et la méthode de lecture visés pour vos fichiers multimédia transcodés :
AIFF, Dolby Digital Professional, Flux DV, H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro, H.264 pour
périphériques Apple (qui contient des réglages pour un iPod ou une Apple TV),
Séquence d’images (qui prend en charge les images TIFF et TARGA), MPEG-1,
MPEG-2, MPEG-4, Séquence QuickTime ou Composants d’exportation au format
QuickTime.
 Des filtres : ils vous permettent de paramétrer différentes caractéristiques de votre
vidéo, comme la couleur, la luminosité et la résolution dans le but d’optimiser à
la fois la qualité et la compression du fichier.
 Des paramètres géométriques : permet de rogner l’image et d’ajuster sa taille.
 Des paramètres d’action : permettent d’envoyer des notifications par message
électronique et d’exécuter des tâches de post-transcodage à l’aide de scripts
AppleScript.
 Une destination : un fichier multimédia source doit aussi être associé à une destination. Il s’agit de l’emplacement de stockage de votre fichier multimédia transcodé.
Vous pouvez soit utiliser la destination par défaut, nommée Source (dossier de stockage identique à celui du fichier multimédia source), soit désigner un autre emplacement auquel vous avec un accès total. Vous pouvez également modifier la destination
par défaut dans les Préférences Compressor. La destination détermine également
la manière dont le fichier multimédia transcodé est nommé.
 Cible : sorte de plan permettant de créer un fichier multimédia de sortie contenant
un réglage, une destination et un nom de fichier de sortie.
 Tâche : une fois que vous avez attribué une ou plusieurs cibles au fichier multimédia
source, il devient une tâche prête à être transcodée.
 Un lot : un lot se compose d’une ou de plusieurs tâches qui sont traitées simultané-
ment. Toutes les tâches du lot sont envoyées simultanément lorsque vous cliquez sur
le bouton Soumettre.
 Un fichier multimédia de sortie : les fichiers multimédia transcodés créés après l’envoi
et le traitement d’un lot sont appelés des fichiers multimédia de sortie. Un fichier multimédia de sortie est le résultat du transcodage réussi d’un fichier multimédia source
(associé à un réglage et une destination). Il y a autant de fichiers multimédia de sortie créés que de réglages appliqués aux différents fichiers multimédia sources du lot.32 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de transcodage de base
Concepts et terminologie de Compressor
 Codec : contraction de COmpression/DÉCompression, modèle mathématique de
réduction des données d’un fichier multimédia source.
 Format de fichier : format de sortie utilisé pour transcoder le fichier multimédia
source.
 Groupe : contient des réglages définis placés dans un dossier de l’onglet Réglages.
Les groupes vous permettent d’organiser vos réglages et de simplifier le processus
de création de tâches.
 Transcodage : processus de conversion de fichiers dans leur format d’origine en
fichiers de sortie prêts à être distribués dans un autre format. Parmi les termes étroitement liés, citons la compression, qui fait référence à la réduction des données,
ainsi que l’encodage, terme synonyme de transcodage mais sans mettre l’accent sur
l’aspect conversion.
Préparation de Compressor au transcodage
Compressor est fourni avec un certain nombre de réglages préconfigurés qui permettent de commencer immédiatement le transcodage. Si vous souhaitez transcoder
immédiatement des fichiers multimédia sources et que vous n’avez pas besoin de créer
de réglages, suivez plutôt les étapes décrites à la section « Flux de travaux Compressor
rapide et facile » à la page 20.
Cependant, si vous souhaitez créer vos réglages et destinations, et personnaliser d’autres
attributs, comme les filtres, le rognage, le redimensionnement des images et les actions,
veuillez suivre les étapes décrites ci-après. Si les réglages personnalisés que vous créez ici
peuvent être utilisés pour tous vos besoins de transcodage, vous n’aurez plus à utiliser
cette procédure. En revanche, si vous devez créer des réglages et des destinations pour
chaque projet de transcodage, vous devez répéter chaque fois ces étapes.
Étape 1 : Création d’un réglage
Si vous n’utilisez pas un réglage préexistant fourni avec Compressor, vous devez créer
vos réglages. Pour cela, utilisez l’onglet Réglages et commencez par choisir un format
de sortie dans le menu Format de fichier qui s’ouvre lorsque vous cliquez sur le bouton
Ajouter (+). Consultez la section « Choix d’un format de sortie » à la page 34 pour plus
d’informations. En outre, vous avez aussi la possibilité d’ajouter des filtres, des paramè-
tres géométriques et des actions de post-transcodage, puis de prévisualiser le réglage
afin de vous assurer que vous être satisfait du résultat.
Consultez la section « Création d’un réglage entièrement nouveau » à la page 100 pour
plus d’informations.
Vous pouvez également rationaliser le flux de production en plaçant vos réglages dans
des groupes. Consultez la section « Création de groupes de réglages » à la page 104
pour plus d’informations.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de transcodage de base 33
Après avoir créé un réglage, vous pouvez le personnaliser en lui apportant des
modifications supplémentaires telles que des filtres (pour régler la qualité de l’image
ou ajouter des effets comme le « letterboxing »), une taille de pixel donnée (valeurs
géométriques) et des actions de post-transcodage. Ces ajustements supplémentaires
sont tous gérés dans la fenêtre Inspecteur. Pour en savoir plus, consultez le chapitre 19,
« Ajout de filtres à un réglage », à la page 257, le chapitre 20, « Ajout de contrôles
d’images à un réglage », à la page 273, le chapitre 21, « Ajout de réglages de
géométrie », à la page 287 et le chapitre 22, « Ajout d’actions à un réglage », à la
page 297.
Étape 2 : Prévisualisation du réglage à l’aide de la fenêtre Preview
La prévisualisation de votre réglage avant l’envoi du lot est un bon moyen pour gagner
du temps. Pour cela, utilisez la fenêtre Preview et assurez-vous que la qualité du fichier
multimédia de sortie vous convient. La fenêtre Preview consiste en un écran divisé en
deux, qui affiche à gauche le fichier multimédia source sous sa forme originale, et à
droite le contenu du fichier multimédia de sortie.
La fenêtre Preview vous permet d’effectuer différentes opérations :
 Lire le fichier multimédia.
 Prévisualiser de manière dynamique les effets (en temps réel).
 Modifier les effets des filtres et des réglages de géométrie de votre réglage.
 Comparer les versions source ou les versions de sortie.
 Rogner la taille d’image du fichier de sortie.
 Changer les proportions.
 Ajouter divers marqueurs (de compression, de chapitre ou de podcast).
Pour plus d’informations, consultez la section « Aperçu d’un réglage » à la page 102 ou
le chapitre 23, « Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview », à la page 303.
Étape 3 : Création d’une destination
Par défaut, le fichier transcodé est enregistré dans le même dossier que celui du fichier
multimédia source (dossier Source). Cependant, si vous souhaitez enregistrer
les fichiers transcodés dans un autre emplacement, vous pouvez créer une destination
sous l’onglet Destinations. À l’aide de cet onglet, vous pouvez définir comme destination un dossier, un volume ou un serveur distant dont vous avez les autorisations et
les accès, et ajouter d’utiles identificateurs à votre fichier de sortie transcodé. Une fois
que vous avez créé suffisamment de destinations, il n’est plus nécessaire d’ouvrir
l’onglet Destinations.
Pour plus d’informations, consultez le chapitre 24, « Création et changement
de destinations », à la page 325.34 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de transcodage de base
Choix d’un format de sortie
Le choix d’un format de sortie est le premier pas à faire après avoir décidé de transcoder un fichier multimédia source. Choisissez un format de sortie en rapport avec
la méthode de lecture prévue pour le public. Compressor vous permet d’accéder aux
formats standard suivants, chacun d’entre eux présentant ses attributs spécifiques :
 QuickTime : destiné à être utilisé avec QuickTime dans une grande variété d’environnements de lecture. Étant donné que QuickTime est une technologie multimédia
multiplateforme, elle permet aux applications Mac OS et Windows de capturer et de
lire des fichiers vidéo et audio, ainsi que des fichiers d’images fixes. Pour plus de
détails sur le format QuickTime, consultez le chapitre 17, « Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime », à la page 237.
 MPEG-1 : destiné à Internet et aux CD-ROM, ainsi que pour utilisation spécialisée sur
DVD. Pour plus de détails sur le format MPEG-1, consultez le chapitre 14, « Création
de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1 », à la page 181.
 MPEG-2 : destiné à une utilisation DVD standard et haute définition. Pour plus de
détails sur le format MPEG-2, consultez le chapitre 15, « Création de fichiers de sortie
MPEG-2 », à la page 195.
 MPEG-4, Partie 2 : destiné à un large éventail d’utilisations, notamment le web ou
les périphériques sans fil. Pour plus de détails sur le format MPEG-4, consultez
le chapitre 16, « Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4 », à la page 225.
 MP3 : destiné à la compression audio. Le format MP3 crée des fichiers audio
compatibles avec une grande variété de dispositifs de lecture. Pour plus de
détails sur le format MP3, consultez le chapitre 13, « Création de fichiers de sortie
MP3 », à la page 177.
 H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro : destiné à un large éventail d’usages, notamment les DVD
HD. Pour plus d’informations sur le format H.264, en particulier pour la création de
DVD HD, consultez le chapitre 11, « Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour
DVD Studio Pro », à la page 165.
 H.264 pour les dispositifs Apple : destiné à créer des fichiers vidéo adaptés à la lecture
via iTunes, un iPod et Apple TV. Pour plus de détails sur le format H.264 pour les dispositifs Apple, consultez le chapitre 10, « Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour
appareils Apple », à la page 159.
 Dolby Digital Professional : également appelé AC-3. Format destiné à la création de
DVD. Pour plus de détails sur le format AC-3, consultez le chapitre 8, « Création de
fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional », à la page 139.
 AIFF : destiné à un usage audio (y compris la création de DVD et de CD). Pour plus de
détails sur le format AIFF, consultez le chapitre 7, « Création de fichiers AIFF », à la
page 133.
 Séquence d’images : compatible avec une grande variété d’applications de composition et de traitement d’images. Pour plus de détails, consultez le chapitre 12,
« Création de fichiers de séquence d’images », à la page 173.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de transcodage de base 35
 Flux DV : format courant utilisé pour les projets SD. Pour plus d’informations,
consultez le chapitre 9, « Création de fichiers de sortie pour flux DV », à la page 157.
Remarque : Compressor et QuickTime peuvent également être étendus afin de prendre
en charge des options de codec et formats tiers supplémentaires. La fonctionnalité
Composants d’exportation QuickTime vous permet de contrôler le moteur d’encodage
tiers sans avoir à ouvrir une autre application. Pour plus d’informations, consultez la section « Création de fichiers de sortie d’exportation QuickTime » à la page 253.
Création d’un lot Compressor
Une fois que les réglages et les destinations nécessaires sont disponibles, vous pouvez
commencer à créer un lot pour transcodage. Un lot contient une ou plusieurs tâches,
Une tâche se compose d’au moins un fichier multimédia de sortie associé à une ou plusieurs cibles contenant les réglages et les destinations.
Vous ne pouvez soumettre un lot au transcodage qu’après avoir affecté au moins
une cible (réglage et destination) à chaque tâche (fichier multimédia source) du lot.
Toutes les tâches du lot sont soumises simultanément au transcodage. Les lots sont
similaires à des documents qu’il est possible d’enregistrer, de fermer et de rouvrir.
À l’instar des onglets de projet Final Cut Pro, chaque lot de Compressor est contenu
dans un onglet indépendant qui peut être détaché.
Étape 1 : Importation de fichiers multimédia sources dans Compressor
Pour importer des fichiers multimédia sources dans un lot, vous pouvez utiliser la zone
de dialogue de sélection de fichiers ou faire glisser les fichiers du Finder vers la fenêtre
Lot de Compressor. Vous pouvez importer des fichiers multimédia sources de n’importe
quel dossier dont vous avez les droits d’accès.
Pour plus d’informations, consultez le chapitre 4, « Importation de fichiers multimédia
sources », à la page 77.
Étape 2 : Affectation d’un réglage
Après l’importation de votre fichier multimédia source dans la fenêtre Lot, vous devez
lui attribuer un ou plusieurs réglages. Ce processus le convertit alors en tâche.
Un fichier multimédia source ne peut être transcodé que s’il est associé à au moins
un réglage, et cela n’est possible que si vous avez sélectionné un réglage préexistant
ou que vous en avez créé un. Un format de fichier de sortie doit être associé à votre
réglage.
 Si vous choisissez un réglage existant, celui-ci est déjà associé à un format de fichier
de sortie.
 Si vous créez votre réglage, vous devez choisir un format de fichier de sortie dans
le menu Format de fichier qui s’ouvre lorsque vous cliquez sur le bouton «Créer
un réglage » (+) sous l’onglet Réglages.36 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de transcodage de base
Vous pouvez ajouter un réglage à plusieurs tâches en une seule étape, soit en sélectionnant les tâches dans la fenêtre Lot et en choisissant un réglage dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît lorsque vous choisissez Cible > « Nouvelle cible avec réglage », soit
en cliquant sur l’une des tâches tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée et en
choisissant un réglage dans le sous-menu « Nouvelle cible avec réglage » du menu
contextuel qui apparaît.
Si vous avez un réglage favori (existant ou personnalisé), vous pouvez simplifier votre
flux de production en créant une application autonome, appelée droplet, contenant
plusieurs réglages et servant à envoyer des lots sans ouvrir Compressor. Consultez la
section « Création d’une droplet » à la page 340 pour plus d’informations.
Remarque : vous pouvez également créer des groupes de réglages, une manière simple et efficace d’associer plusieurs réglages à un fichier multimédia source. Consultez
la section « Création de groupes de réglages » à la page 104 pour plus d’informations.
Étape 3 : Prévisualisation du réglage à l’aide de la fenêtre Preview
Vous pouvez soit prévisualiser un fichier multimédia seul, soit le prévisualiser avec
les réglages qui lui ont été associés. La fenêtre Preview permet de prévisualiser dynamiquement (en temps réel) votre réglage et d’en modifier les effets des filtres et des ajustements géométriques, de lire le fichier multimédia, de visualiser les versions source ou de
sortie, de rogner le cadre de l’image du fichier de sortie, de changer ses proportions,
et d’ajouter divers marqueurs aux formats de fichier MPEG-1, MPEG-2 H.264 pour
DVD Studio Pro et H.264 pour les dispositifs Apple.
Consultez la section « Aperçu d’un réglage » à la page 102 ou « Prévisualisation d’un
plan » à la page 310 pour plus d’informations.
Étape 4 : Attribution d’une destination
Vous pouvez choisir l’emplacement de destination des fichiers multimédia de sortie en
affectant une destination à chaque cible. La destination définit également divers aspects
de nommage du fichier multimédia de sortie. L’onglet Destination propose plusieurs destinations, mais vous pouvez également créer vos propres destinations personnalisées. Pour
affecter une destination existante à une tâche, vous pouvez soit faire glisser une destination de l’onglet Destinations vers la cible d’une tâche, soit sélectionner Destination dans
le menu Cible ou dans le menu contextuel qui apparaît lorsque vous cliquez sur une cible
tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée. Vous avez également la possibilité de
choisir un emplacement qui n’a pas été défini comme destination, en choisissant l’option
Autre dans l’un des deux menus ci-dessus.
Consultez la section « Affectation de destinations aux fichiers multimédia sources » à la
page 115 pour plus d’informations.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de transcodage de base 37
Étape 5 : Envoi du lot en transcodage
Dès que le lot contient toutes les tâches que vous souhaitiez créer et que vous êtes
satisfait des réglages et de la qualité des fichiers de sortie (grâce à leur prévisualisation),
son envoi est prêt à être effectué. Pour cela, cliquez sur le bouton Soumettre dans
la fenêtre Lot.
Remarque : si vous souhaitez transcoder un lot volumineux, il est conseillé de désactiver l’écran de veille de votre ordinateur. Ceci augmente la vitesse du transcodage, car
aucune ressource n’est réservée à l’écran de veille.
Consultez la section « Soumission d’un lot » à la page 120 pour plus d’informations.
Visualisation de l’état du transcodage
Utilisez Batch Monitor et la fenêtre Historique pour afficher l’état d’un lot envoyé
et de toutes les tâches qu’il comporte. Batch Monitor est une application autonome,
qui peut donc fonctionner avec Compressor et les droplets, que Compressor soit ouvert
ou fermé, indépendamment du fait que vous ayez ou non envoyé un lot en transcodage. Consultez la section « Création d’une droplet » à la page 340 pour plus d’informations sur les droplets.
Étape 1 : Visualisation de l’état du transcodage d’un lot
Après avoir soumis un lot, vous pouvez ouvrir Batch Monitor pour vous permettre de
visualiser l’état du transcodage de votre lot. Cette possibilité s’avère utile pour savoir
quand le transcodage de votre lot est terminé et surveiller l’apparition d’éventuels problèmes pendant toute la durée du processus. Vous pouvez configurer Batch Monitor
pour qu’il s’ouvre automatiquement dans la fenêtre Préférences de Compressor.
Pour plus de détails, consultez le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Batch Monitor.
Sinon vous pouvez consulter la fenêtre Historique de Compressor. Elle contient
une barre de progression et, à l’instar de Batch Monitor, elle indique si le lot a été correctement transcodé.
Étape 2 : Confirmation de la fin du transcodage
Une fois le transcodage terminé, il est conseillé d’ouvrir le dossier de destination du
fichier multimédia transcodé afin de vous assurer que celui-ci a été transcodé avec
succès et enregistré au bon endroit. 38 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de transcodage de base
Raccourcis optionnels de Compressor
Compressor a été conçu en tenant compte du flux de production. Suivant vos besoins,
plusieurs méthodes vous permettent d’accélérer le flux de production de transcodage
de Compressor.
Utilisation des réglages existants
Compressor est livré avec un certain nombre de réglages préconfigurés qui permettent de commencer immédiatement le transcodage. Si ceux-ci répondent à vos
besoins, vous pouvez immédiatement procéder au transcodage de vos fichiers multimédia sources.
Consultez la section « Flux de travaux Compressor rapide et facile » à la page 20 pour
plus d’informations.
Même si vous devez créer des réglages personnalisés, vous pouvez les regrouper
pour les appliquer plus facilement aux cibles. Pour plus d’informations, consultez
le chapitre 5, « Création, aperçu et modification des réglages », à la page 93.
Utilisation des réglages et des destinations par défaut
Si vous découvrez que vous appliquez toujours les mêmes réglages et destinations à chaque fichier multimédia source, vous pouvez configurer les Préférences de Compressor
pour qu’il applique automatiquement ces réglages et destinations. Consultez la section
« Configuration des préférences de Compressor » à la page 39 pour plus d’informations.
Utilisation de droplets
Les droplets constituent un moyen de transcodage rapide et pratique qui ne nécessite
pas l’ouverture de Compressor. La création d’une droplet consiste à enregistrer
un réglage ou un groupe de réglages et des destinations sous forme d’une icône
active. Lorsque vous faites glisser un ou plusieurs fichiers multimédia sur cette icône,
la droplet lance automatiquement le processus de transcodage.
Consultez la section « Création d’une droplet » à la page 340 pour plus d’informations.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de transcodage de base 39
Configuration des préférences de Compressor
Vous pouvez utiliser la fenêtre Préférences de Compressor pour configurer plusieurs
aspects de Compressor.
Pour ouvrir les Préférences de Compressor, procédez comme suit :
m Sélectionnez les préférences de Compressor.
m Appuyez sur les touches Commande + virgule.
La fenêtre Préférences s’ouvre.
Pour configurer les préférences de notification par courrier électronique :
1 Saisissez l’adresse électronique par défaut à utiliser lors de l’activation de la notification
par courrier électronique.
Vous pouvez modifier cette adresse dans la sous-fenêtre Actions de la fenêtre Inspecteur.
2 Saisissez le nom du serveur de messagerie utilisé par cet ordinateur pour les messages
sortants.
Pour plus d’informations sur la notification par courrier électronique, consultez la section « Utilisation des actions de post-transcodage » à la page 297.
Pour spécifier si Batch Monitor doit s’ouvrir automatiquement, effectuez l’une des
opérations suivantes :
m Cochez la case « Lancer automatiquement Batch Monitor » pour que Batch Monitor
s’ouvre automatiquement lorsque vous soumettez un lot.
m Décochez la case « Lancer automatiquement Batch Monitor » pour empêcher l’ouverture automatique de Batch Monitor. Vous pouvez toujours lancer Batch Monitor
manuellement à partir de la fenêtre Lot.40 Chapitre 2 Flux de production de transcodage de base
Pour contrôler si Content Agent s’ouvre automatiquement, effectuez l’une des opé-
rations suivantes :
m Cochez la case « Lancer automatiquement Content Agent » pour que Content Agent
s’ouvre automatiquement au démarrage de l’ordinateur.
m Décochez la case « Lancer automatiquement Content Agent » pour empêcher
Content Agent de s’ouvrir tant que Compressor n’est pas ouvert.
Content Agent est un processus d’arrière-plan utilisé par Compressor pour transférer des
fichiers sources vers d’autres nœuds d’un cluster Apple Qmaster et recevoir les fichiers
transcodés depuis ces nœuds. En règle générale, Content Agent n’est nécessaire que si
vous êtes prêt à utiliser le traitement distribué pour soumettre un lot au transcodage.
L’ouverture automatique de Content Agent au démarrage de l’ordinateur peut toutefois
faciliter le processus de transcodage dans certains cas.
Par exemple, si un ordinateur redémarre automatiquement en raison d’un problème
quelconque alors qu’un lot volumineux est en cours de traitement, le redémarrage
automatique de Content Agent permet de poursuivre le processus de transcodage.
Pour déterminer si Compressor doit rester ouvert après avoir été utilisé par
une autre application (telle que Final Cut Pro) pour envoyer un lot :
m Sélectionnez « Quitter après la soumission de lots d’autres applications » pour fermer
Compressor après l’envoi du lot.
m Désélectionnez « Quitter après la soumission de lots d’autres applications » pour laisser
Compressor ouvert après l’envoi du lot.
Pour contrôler les options de cluster (pour les réglages du stockage de travail du
traitement distribué) :
1 Cliquez sur le menu local « Options de cluster ».
2 Choisissez l’une des options suivantes :
 « Copier la source vers le cluster si nécessaire » pour que Compressor copie les fichiers
source vers l’emplacement de stockage de travail d’un cluster, si nécessaire.
 « Ne jamais copier la source vers le cluster » afin d’empêcher Compressor de copier
les fichiers source.
 « Toujours copier la source vers le cluster » pour que Compressor copie toujours
les fichiers source vers l’emplacement de stockage de travail d’un cluster.
Remarque : cette préférence s’applique uniquement à certaines copies de Compressor
pour lesquelles le traitement distribué est activé. La fonctionnalité de traitement
distribué est limitée aux ordinateurs sur lesquels est installé Final Cut Studio ou
DVD Studio Pro.Chapitre 2 Flux de production de transcodage de base 41
Pour contrôler si Compressor transfère immédiatement les fichiers source vers
le cluster de traitement, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Sélectionnez « Copier lors de la soumission (haute priorité) » pour que Compressor
transfère immédiatement les fichiers source.
m Désélectionnez « Copier lors de la soumission (haute priorité) » pour éviter que
Compressor ne transfère immédiatement les fichiers source.
Remarque : cette préférence s’applique uniquement à certaines copies de Compressor
pour lesquelles le traitement distribué est activé. La fonctionnalité de traitement
distribué est limitée aux ordinateurs sur lesquels est installé Final Cut Studio ou
DVD Studio Pro.
Pour contrôler le réglage par défaut :
m Utilisez le menu local « Réglage par défaut » pour choisir un réglage dans la liste.
Le réglage que vous choisissez apparaît en tant que réglage par défaut lorsque vous
importez un nouveau fichier source dans la fenêtre Lot.
Pour changer de destination par défaut :
m Utilisez le menu local « Destination par défaut » pour choisir une destination dans la liste.
La destination que vous choisissez apparaît en tant que destination par défaut lorsque
vous importez un nouveau fichier source dans la fenêtre Lot.
Pour contrôler si Compressor peut parcourir les clusters d’un réseau étendu,
effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Sélectionnez « Parcourir le réseau WAN » pour que Compressor utilise les ordinateurs
au-delà du sous-réseau local et indique un domaine DNS dans le champ « Nom de
domaine DNS ».
m Désélectionnez « Parcourir le réseau WAN » pour que Compressor se limite aux ordinateurs du sous-réseau local.
Remarque : toute modification apportée aux préférences de Compressor ne prend
effet que lorsque vous cliquez sur Appliquer. Si vous apportez des modifications,
mais que vous décidez finalement de ne pas les utiliser, cliquez sur Annuler.3
43
3 Interface de Compressor
L’interface de Compressor consiste en une série de fenêtres
de base qui vous permettent d’effectuer la majeure partie
du travail de préparation du transcodage.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 Les fenêtres Compressor et le flux de transcodage (p. 44)
 Création et gestion des modèles Compressor (p. 45)
 Utilisation des fenêtres de Compressor (p. 48)
 Fenêtre Lot (p. 51)
 Personnalisation de la barre d’outils (p. 52)
 Onglet Réglages (p. 55)
 Onglet Destinations (p. 56)
 Fenêtre Inspecteur (p. 57)
 Fenêtre Historique (p. 68)
 Fenêtre Preview (p. 69)
 Batch Monitor (p. 70)
 Fenêtres Droplet (p. 71)
 À propos du changement des valeurs et des entrées de timecode (p. 72)
 Raccourcis clavier généraux de Compressor (p. 74)
 Raccourcis clavier de la fenêtre Preview (p. 75)44 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
Les fenêtres Compressor et le flux de transcodage
Chaque fenêtre Compressor représente une étape du flux de transcodage.
 Fenêtre Lot : cette fenêtre vous permet d’importer des fichiers multimédia sources,
d’ajouter des réglages et des destinations et de donner un nom au lot.
 Onglets Réglages et Destinations : l’onglet Réglages vous permet de centraliser la gestion des réglages personnalisés et Apple. L’onglet Destinations permet de créer,
de modifier ou de supprimer vos réglages de destination, de définir une destination
par défaut et d’ajouter des identificateurs aux noms de vos fichiers de média de sortie.
 Fenêtre Inspecteur : permet d’accéder facilement aux contrôles de transcodage courants, et à une table de résumé complète contenant tous les détails de chaque
réglage. Vous pouvez également utiliser la fenêtre Inspecteur afin de collecter des
informations sur les plans source, ainsi que pour apporter des modifications dynamiques avec la fenêtre Preview.
 Fenêtre Preview : vous permet de lire votre fichier multimédia source dans son format original ou de le prévisualiser avec les réglages qui lui ont été attribués. Vous
pouvez voir les effets des réglages comme les filtres et le redimensionnement d’images, et faire des ajustements à ces attributs pendant la prévisualisation en temps réel
du fichier média. Vous pouvez également utiliser la fenêtre Preview pour ajouter et
visualiser plusieurs sortes de marqueurs.
 Fenêtre Historique : la fenêtre Historique vous permet de voir l’historique complet
de tous les lots soumis depuis votre ordinateur, ainsi que les barres de progression
de ceux qui sont encore en cours de transcodage. Vous pouvez également faire
une pause et soumettre à nouveau n’importe quel lot répertorié dans l’historique.
Fenêtre Preview
Fenêtre Historique
Onglets Réglages
et Destinations
Fenêtre Lot sans titre
avec tâche fictive
Fenêtre InspecteurChapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 45
 Fenêtre Droplet (pas illustré) : permet d’enregistrer un ou plusieurs réglages ou groupes de réglages dans une Droplet, un préréglage autonome intégré dans une application glisser-déposer et enregistré en tant qu’icône.
 Batch Monitor (pas illustré) : permet d’afficher l’état de tous les lots traités. (Pour plus
d’informations, consultez le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Batch Monitor.)
La barre d’outils de Compressor, située dans la partie supérieure de la fenêtre Lot,
facilite la navigation dans les fenêtres principales de Compressor et dans Batch Monitor.
Création et gestion des modèles Compressor
À l’usage de Compressor, vous remarquerez qu’en fonction de la tâche d’encodage que
vous configurez, la façon dont sont disposées les différentes fenêtres de Compressor
peut jouer sur sa simplicité d’utilisation. Pour vous faciliter la tâche, Compressor permet de configurer et de sauvegarder des modèles. Ils définissent les fenêtres visibles,
leur taille, leur position et les icônes présentes dans la barre d’outils de la fenêtre Lot.
Compressor propose deux modèles que vous pouvez utiliser comme point de départ
à la création de vos propres modèles.
Remarque : chaque modèle existe en plusieurs tailles, ce qui vous permet de choisir
celle qui convient le mieux à votre moniteur. Vous pouvez modifier n’importe lequel
de ces modèles et les sauvegarder comme modèles personnalisés.
Modèle standard
Dans le modèle standard, toutes les fenêtres de Compressor sont affichées et
les onglets Réglages et Destinations partagent la même fenêtre. Ce modèle est optimisé pour le transcodage d’un seul fichier multimédia source.46 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
Modèle Lot
Ce modèle met l’accent sur la fenêtre Lot. Il est optimisé pour le transcodage de
plusieurs fichiers multimédia source similaires.
Choix, enregistrement et gestion des modèles
Compressor vous permet de choisir aisément un modèle.
Pour choisir un modèle :
m Choisissez Fenêtre > Modèles, puis sélectionnez un modèle dans la liste affichée.
Une que vous avez choisi votre modèle, l’interface de Compressor change pour refléter
ce choix.
Vous pouvez également créer et enregistrer vos propres modèles.
Pour enregistrer un modèle :
1 Configurez l’interface de Compressor comme vous souhaitez qu’elle soit enregistrée.
Reportez-vous à la rubrique « Utilisation des fenêtres de Compressor » à la page 48 pour
de plus amples informations sur la manière de travailler avec les différentes fenêtres.
2 Sélectionnez Fenêtre > Enregistrer comme modèle.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, saisissez un nom pour le modèle et cliquez sur
Enregistrer.
Le modèle est enregistré et apparaît dans la liste Fenêtre > Modèles.
Vous pouvez organiser la liste des modèles en supprimant ou en renommant des
modèles existants. Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 47
Pour organiser vos modèles :
1 Choisissez Fenêtre > Organiser les modèles.
La zone de dialogue d’organisation des modèles est alors affichée.
2 Pour renommer un modèle, double-cliquez dessus et saisissez un nouveau nom.
3 Pour supprimer un modèle, sélectionnez-le, puis cliquez sur le bouton de
suppression ( – ).
4 Pour enregistrer la configuration de l’interface comme nouveau modèle, cliquez sur
le bouton d’ajout ( + ) et saisissez un nom pour le modèle.
5 Pour choisir un modèle et l’appliquer à l’interface de Compressor, sélectionnez-le,
puis cliquez sur le bouton Appliquer.
La fenêtre d’organisation se ferme et l’interface de Compressor est modifiée pour reflé-
ter le modèle sélectionné.
6 Cliquez sur Terminé lorsque vous avez fini d’organiser vos modèles. La liste des modè-
les est divisée en deux parties : les modèles fournis par Apple et ceux que vous avez
créés. Les modèles que vous avez créés sont rangés par ordre alphabétique. Pensez-y
lorsque vous donnez un nom à un modèle afin de pouvoir le retrouver facilement.
À propos des fichiers de modèle
Si vous disposez de plusieurs stations de travail utilisant Compressor, il est conseillé
d’avoir les mêmes modèles sur l’ensemble des ordinateurs.
Pour cela, vous pouvez copier les fichiers de modèle d’un système à l’autre, en prenant
garde de les placer dans l’emplacement adéquat. Les modèles sont stockés dans
l’emplacement suivant : Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application Support/Compressor/Layouts. Tous les modèles ont la même extension « .moduleLayout ».
Important : n’ajoutez ou ne retirez jamais de fichiers de modèle manuellement tant que
Compressor est ouvert. Compressor vérifie les modèles disponibles dans cet emplacement lors de son processus de démarrage. Vous devez donc redémarrer Compressor
pour qu’il reconnaisse les modifications effectuées sur ces fichiers.48 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
Utilisation des fenêtres de Compressor
Bien que les modèles Standard et Lot présentent l’interface de Compressor comme
un seul grand élément, cette interface est en fait composée de plusieurs fenêtres que
vous pouvez repositionner ou redimensionner suivant vos besoins.
Pourquoi certaines fenêtres sont-elles cachées ?
L’interface de Compressor étant composée de plusieurs fenêtres indépendantes,
lorsque vous passez de Compressor à une autre application, puis que vous cliquez de
nouveau sur une fenêtre de Compressor, seule cette dernière s’affiche et les autres restent cachées par les fenêtres ouvertes d’autres applications.
Il y a trois façons d’éviter cette situation ou de faire apparaître toutes les fenêtres :
 Lorsque vous passez d’une application à l’autre, utilisez la fonctionnalité de basculement intégrée à Mac OS X. Appuyez sur la touche de tabulation en maintenant
la touche Commande enfoncée pour faire apparaître une zone de dialogue de sélection d’applications. Tant que vous maintenez la touche Commande enfoncée,
vous pouvez appuyer sur la touche de tabulation pour parcourir les différentes applications en cours d’exécution, puis relâcher la touche Commande lorsque vous avez
sélectionné l’icône de Compressor. Cela permet de s’assurer que toutes les fenêtres
de Compressor sont visibles.
 Choisissez Fenêtre > Tout ramener au premier plan.
 Cliquez sur l’icône de l’application Compressor dans le Dock.
Redimensionnement des fenêtres de Compressor
Vous pouvez redimensionner toutes les fenêtres de Compressor à l’exception de celle
de l’Inspecteur qui a une taille fixe.
Chaque fenêtre possède une taille minimum, horizontalement ou verticalement,
qui influence le redimensionnement.
Pour redimensionner une fenêtre :
m Faites glisser le coin inférieur droit de la fenêtre pour l’agrandir ou la réduire horizontalement ou verticalement.
Faites glisser ce coin
pour redimensionner
la fenêtre.Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 49
Remarque : lorsque vous repositionnez une fenêtre ou que vous la redimensionnez,
elle se colle à la fenêtre la plus proche. Cela permet d’avoir une présentation de fenê-
tres nette, sans interstices ni chevauchements.
À propos des onglets
La fenêtre Lot et la fenêtre des onglets Réglages et Destinations peuvent comporter plusieurs onglets.
 La fenêtre Lot : lorsque vous travaillez sur grand écran et que plusieurs lots sont
ouverts, il est parfois utile d’afficher chacun d’eux dans sa propre fenêtre.
 Les onglets Réglages et Destinations : par défaut, les onglets Réglages et Destinations
se trouvent dans la même fenêtre. Vous pouvez néanmoins choisir de leur attribuer
une fenêtre chacun ou de fermer l’un de ces onglets. Vous pouvez même y ajouter
n’importe quelle autre fenêtre (à l’exception de la fenêtre Lot) sous forme d’onglet
supplémentaire.
Dans tous les cas, vous avez la possibilité de contrôler l’ordre des onglets.
Pour placer un onglet dans sa propre fenêtre par glissement :
1 Faites glisser l’onglet hors de son emplacement actuel.50 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
2 Relâchez l’onglet pour le faire apparaître dans sa propre fenêtre.
Pour placer un onglet dans sa propre fenêtre à l’aide du menu contextuel :
m Cliquez sur l’onglet tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée et sélectionnez
Extraire l’onglet dans le menu contextuel.
Il s’ouvre alors dans sa propre fenêtre.
Pour ajouter un onglet d’une fenêtre à une autre par glissement :
1 Faites glisser l’onglet dans la zone d’onglet de la fenêtre à laquelle vous voulez l’ajouter.
La zone d’onglet apparaît alors en surbrillance.Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 51
2 Relâchez l’onglet.
Il se place automatiquement dans la zone d’onglet et sa fenêtre d’origine se referme.
Pour ajouter un onglet d’une fenêtre à une autre à l’aide du menu contextuel :
m Cliquez sur la zone d’onglet tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée à l’endroit
où vous voulez voir apparaître la fenêtre et choisissez l’onglet dans la liste proposée par
le menu contextuel.
Remarque : c’est la seule méthode qui permette d’ajouter les onglets Historique,
Preview ou Inspecteur à la fenêtre.
Pour modifier l’ordre des onglets dans leur fenêtre actuelle :
m Faites glisser l’onglet vers la gauche ou la droite suivant l’emplacement souhaité.
Les autres onglets sont déplacés pour lui laisser une place.
Lorsque vous avez configuré l’interface de Compressor selon vos besoins, vous pouvez
l’enregistrer en tant que modèle. Cela vous permet de facilement restaurer un modèle
ou de passer de l’un à l’autre. Consultez la section « Création et gestion des modèles
Compressor » à la page 45 pour plus d’informations.
Fenêtre Lot
Quand vous ouvrez Compressor pour la première fois, la fenêtre Lot apparaît. Cette dernière vous permet d’importer des fichiers média source à compresser, d’ajouter des
réglages et des destinations, de nommer le lot et de choisir le dossier dans lequel vous
souhaitez l’enregistrer. C’est là que vous devez placer vos fichiers multimédia sources
en préparation du transcodage.
Remarque : en général, la fenêtre Lot est toujours visible. Si vous la fermez, elle s’ouvre
de nouveau lorsque vous créez un nouveau lot (Fichier > Nouveau lot) ou que vous
ouvrez un lot existant (Fichier > Ouvrir).52 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
Vous pouvez utiliser la barre de menus de Compressor ou la barre d’outils située en
haut de la fenêtre Lot pour ouvrir toutes les autres fenêtres. Si la barre d’outils n’est pas
visible lorsque vous ouvrez Compressor, cliquez sur le bouton dans l’angle supérieur
droit de la fenêtre Lot afin de l’ouvrir.
En plus de la barre d’outils Compressor et du bouton Soumettre, la fenêtre Lot comprend des onglets représentant les lots ouverts et une zone permettant d’afficher et de
configurer les tâches d’un lot. Pour plus d’informations sur l’ajout de fichiers multimédia
sources à un lot, consultez la section « Ajout de fichiers multimédia sources à un lot
pour créer des tâches » à la page 79. Pour savoir comment utiliser les tâches et les cibles,
reportez-vous au chapitre 6, « Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots », à la
page 109.
Personnalisation de la barre d’outils
La fenêtre Lot contient une barre d’outils que vous pouvez personnaliser pour répondre au mieux à vos besoins.
Remarque : si la barre d’outils n’est pas visible lorsque vous ouvrez Compressor,
cliquez sur le bouton dans l’angle supérieur droit de la fenêtre Lot afin de l’ouvrir.
Zone Tâche
Barre d’outils
Onglets Lot
État du lot Bouton de soumission de lot
Bouton « Afficher/Masquer la barre d’outils »Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 53
Pour personnaliser la barre d’outils de la fenêtre Lot :
1 Utilisez l’une des étapes suivantes pour ouvrir la palette de personnalisation de la
barre d’outils :
 Choisissez Présentation > Personnaliser la barre d’outils.
 Cliquez dans la barre d’outils tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée
et choisissez « Personnaliser la barre d’outils » dans le menu contextuel.
 Cliquez sur l’icône « Personnaliser la barre d’outils » (si elle est présente).
La palette de la barre d’outils s’ouvre.
2 Pour supprimer des éléments de la barre d’outils, faites-les glisser hors de cette dernière.
3 Pour ajouter des éléments, faites-les glisser de la palette vers la barre d’outils en
les plaçant à l’endroit souhaité.
4 Pour réorganiser les éléments de la barre d’outils, faites-les glisser de leur emplacement
actuel vers la position souhaitée.
5 Pour restaurer la barre d’outils par défaut, faites glisser l’ensemble d’outils par défaut
(situé en bas de la palette) dans la barre d’outils.
6 Pour configurer la façon dont les éléments sont affichés dans la barre d’outils,
choisissez un réglage dans le menu local Afficher.
Vous pouvez choisir d’afficher l’icône et le texte, uniquement l’icône ou uniquement
le texte.
7 Cliquez sur Terminé lorsque vous avez fini.54 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
Remarque : la configuration de la barre d’outils est enregistrée comme élément d’un
modèle. Consultez la section « Création et gestion des modèles Compressor » à la
page 45 pour de plus amples informations sur les modèles.
À propos des éléments de la barre d’outils
La plupart des éléments ne peuvent être ajoutés qu’une seule fois à la barre d’outils.
Certains, comme le séparateur, l’espace ou l’espace flexible peuvent être ajoutés plusieurs fois.
 Nouveau lot : crée un nouveau lot sans nom.
 Lot ouvert : ouvre une zone de dialogue permettant de localiser et de sélectionner
un lot enregistré pour l’ouvrir.
 Fermer : ferme le lot sélectionné.
Remarque : vous ne pouvez pas fermer un lot s’il est le seul ouvert.
 Ajouter un fichier : ouvre une zone de dialogue permettant de localiser et de sélectionner un ou plusieurs fichiers multimédia sources à importer dans le lot actuel.
 Ajouter un son Surround : ouvre la zone de dialogue d’affectation de fichier audio permettant d’affecter manuellement des fichiers à chaque canal audio d’une configuration Surround.
 Soumettre avec les réglages précédents : soumet le lot en utilisant les réglages utilisés
lors des dernières soumissions de lot, sans ouvrir la zone de dialogue de soumission.
 Historique : ouvre la fenêtre Historique.
 Inspecteur : ouvre la fenêtre Inspecteur.
 Réglages : ouvre l’onglet Réglages.
 Destinations : ouvre l’onglet Destinations.
 Aperçu : ouvre la fenêtre Preview.
 Batch Monitor : ouvre l’application Batch Monitor.
 Séparateur : ajoute une ligne verticale à la barre d’outils permettant ainsi de regrouper divers éléments.
 Espace : ajoute un espace à largeur fixe à la barre d’outils.
 Espace ajustable : ajoute un espace à largeur flexible à la barre d’outils. Cet espace
permet de forcer le placement d’éléments sur les bords gauche et droit de la barre
d’outils en agrandissant cette dernière de façon à remplir les zones inutilisées.
 Personnaliser : ouvre la palette de personnalisation de la barre d’outils.Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 55
Il est possible d’ajouter plus d’éléments à la barre d’outils qu’elle ne peut en contenir.
Lorsque cela arrive, une double flèche, sur laquelle vous pouvez cliquer pour accéder
aux icônes non affichées, apparaît sur le bord droit de la barre.
Onglet Réglages
L’onglet Réglages permet de gérer de manière centralisée les réglages Apple et
les réglages personnalisés. Utilisez l’onglet Réglages avec la fenêtre Inspecteur pour
créer et modifier des réglages, décider exactement des réglages à utiliser pour transcoder votre fichier multimédia source et choisir le format de sortie dans lequel vous voulez convertir le fichier transcodé.
Pour ouvrir l’onglet Réglages, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Sélectionnez Fenêtre > Réglages.
m Appuyez sur Commande + 3.
m Cliquez sur l’icône Réglages dans la barre d’outils de la fenêtre Lot (si elle s’y trouve).
m Cliquez sur l’onglet Réglages (s’il est présent).
Cliquez sur cette flè-
che pour afficher
les éléments qui ne
tiennent pas dans
la barre d’outils visible.56 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
L’onglet Réglages contient la liste des réglages existants et les boutons nécessaires à
l’ajout, à la suppression et à la duplication d’un réglage, ainsi qu’à la création de groupes et de droplets.
Pour plus de détails sur l’utilisation de l’onglet Réglages pour créer, organiser et choisir
des réglages, reportez-vous au chapitre 5, « Création, aperçu et modification des
réglages », à la page 93.
Onglet Destinations
L’onglet Destinations permet de créer, de modifier ou de supprimer vos réglages de
destination, de définir une destination par défaut et d’ajouter des identificateurs aux
noms de vos fichiers de média de sortie.
Pour ouvrir l’onglet Destinations, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Sélectionnez Fenêtre > Destinations.
m Appuyez sur Commande + 4.
m Cliquez sur l’icône Destinations dans la barre d’outils de la fenêtre Lot (si elle s’y
trouve).Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 57
 Cliquez sur l’onglet Destinations (s’il s’y trouve).
Consultez le chapitre 24, « Création et changement de destinations », à la page 325
pour en savoir plus sur la configuration de destinations afin de simplifier votre flux de
production Compressor.
Fenêtre Inspecteur
La fenêtre Inspecteur permet d’accéder facilement aux commandes de transcodage courantes (pour créer et modifier des réglages et des destinations) et propose un tableau de
résumé complet contenant tous les détails de chaque réglage, ainsi que des informations sur les fichiers multimédia sources, y compris les attributs A/V, les données de soustitres codés et autres annotations.
Pour ouvrir la fenêtre Inspecteur, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Sélectionnez Fenêtre > Afficher l’inspecteur.
m Appuyez sur Commande + Option + I.
m Cliquez sur l’icône Inspecteur dans la barre d’outils de la fenêtre Lot.
Remarque : contrairement aux autres fenêtres Compressor, la fenêtre Inspecteur ne
peut pas être redimensionnée.58 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
À propos des réglages automatiques
Plusieurs éléments des sous-fenêtres de réglages proposent un mode automatique
facultatif. Lorsque ce mode est activé, Compressor détermine la valeur optimale pour
le réglage.
De façon générale, lorsque le mode automatique est activé, l’élément correspondant est
estompé et ne peut pas être modifié.
 Si le réglage n’a pas été affecté à un fichier multimédia source, « Automatique » apparaît à côté de l’élément. La sous-fenêtre « Contrôles d’image » de la fenêtre Inspecteur constitue toutefois une exception, puisque son état reste indéterminé tant que
vous n’avez pas appliqué le réglage à un fichier multimédia source.
 Si le réglage a été affecté, l’élément reste estompé, mais la valeur utilisée s’affiche.
Lorsque le mode automatique est désactivé, son bouton est estompé et vous pouvez
choisir des valeurs pour les éléments.
Vous pouvez activer le bouton Automatique (le bouton s’obscurcit) ou le désactiver
(le bouton s’éclaircit).
Le bouton automatique
est noir lorsqu’il est
activé et l’élément correspondant est estompé.
Le bouton automatique
est estompé lorsqu’il est
désactivé et l’élément
correspondant peut alors
être sélectionné.Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 59
? Astuce : il peut être intéressant de vérifier dans les Inspecteurs les valeurs des réglages
automatiques. Compressor peut généralement déterminer correctement les valeurs
appropriées, mais il se peut que dans certains cas le fichier multimédia source ne contienne pas suffisamment d’informations pour cela. Par exemple, certaines séquences
QuickTime peuvent ne pas comporter les bonnes métadonnées ou peuvent être incorrectes. De plus, si le fichier multimédia source utilise des réglages non standard (pour
les dimensions d’image ou la fréquence d’images), Compressor choisit la valeur standard la plus proche.
Fichiers multimédia sources et fenêtre Inspecteur
Lorsque vous sélectionnez une tâche de lot, la fenêtre Inspecteur affiche des informations au sujet du fichier multimédia source de la tâche.
La fenêtre Inspecteur comprend deux onglets : Attributs A/N et Informations
supplémentaires.60 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
Attributs A/N
L’onglet Attributs A/N contient des informations générales sur le fichier multimédia
source et se divise en trois parties.
 Informations de fichier : cette partie indique le nom du fichier, son emplacement et
son format.
 Informations vidéo : cette partie affiche, s’il y a lieu, toutes les informations vidéo du
fichier. Cela comprend les dimensions de l’image, la fréquence d’images et les informations de timecode.
 Informations audio : cette partie affiche, s’il y a lieu, toutes les informations audio du
fichier. Cela comprend la taille d’échantillon et la fréquence d’échantillonnage.
Informations supplémentaires
L’onglet Informations supplémentaires vous permet de visualiser et de modifier divers
éléments de métadonnées ayant pu être ajoutés dans d’autres applications telles que
Final Cut Pro, Soundtrack Pro ou QuickTime. Vous pouvez également ajouter des élé-
ments de métadonnées au fichier multimédia de sortie. Cela inclut la possibilité d’associer un fichier de sous-titres codés au fichier.
Consultez la section « Utilisation de l’Inspecteur avec des fichiers multimédia sources »
à la page 87 pour en savoir plus sur la gestion des fichiers de sous-titres codés et des
annotations.Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 61
À propos des sous-fenêtres Réglages
Lorsque vous sélectionnez un réglage dans l’onglet Réglages ou une cible dans
une tâche par lot, l’Inspecteur affiche une des six sous-fenêtres.
Sous-fenêtre Résumé
La sous-fenêtre Résumé contient le tableau Résumé, qui décrit tous les réglages
(audio, vidéo, géométrie et filtrage) associés au réglage sélectionné sous l’onglet Réglages. Les informations du tableau Résumé sont automatiquement mises à jour à chaque
modification d’un réglage.
Le tableau Résumé inclut les renseignements suivants :
 Nom : nom du réglage sélectionné sous l’onglet Réglages.
 Description : description du réglage sélectionné sous l’onglet Réglages.
 Extension de fichier : l’extension attribuée au fichier multimédia transcodé. Cette
extension identifie le format dans lequel est converti votre fichier multimédia source.
 Taille estimée du fichier : lorsqu’on attribue cette option au fichier multimédia source,
elle affiche une estimation de la taille totale du fichier. Si vous ne l’attribuez pas à un
fichier multimédia source, elle affiche une estimation de taille par heure de données
sources.
Remarque : la taille totale estimée du fichier n’est pas disponible pour tous les
formats de sortie.62 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
 Encodeur audio : indique le format du fichier de sortie audio et d’autres réglages de
transcodage, comme la fréquence d’échantillonnage, les canaux, le nombre de bits
par échantillon et le type de codec.
 Encodeur vidéo : fournit des détails sur le format de fichier de sortie vidéo et d’autres
réglages de transcodage tels que la largeur et la hauteur d’image, le rognage (en
pixels), la fréquence d’images, les proportions, le type de codec, la profondeur de
pixel, la qualité spatiale, la qualité spatiale minimale, l’intervalle entre les images clés,
la qualité temporelle, la qualité temporelle minimale et le débit des données (en bits
par seconde).
 Filtre : détaille le ou les filtres (selon le nombre de filtres sélectionnés dans la sousfenêtre Filtres) sélectionnés parmi ceux disponibles dans Compressor.
Sous-fenêtre Encodeur
Utilisez la sous-fenêtre Encodeur pour sélectionner et configurer le format du fichier de
sortie et les autres réglages. Les options et attributs du format de fichier sont différents
pour chaque format.
 Format de fichier : utilisez ce menu local pour choisir un format de fichier de sortie.
Pour plus d’informations sur les formats de sortie disponibles, consultez la section
« Choix d’un format de sortie » à la page 34.Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 63
 Champ Extension de fichier : les extensions de fichier suivantes apparaissent automatiquement dans ce champ en fonction du format que vous choisissez dans le menu
local « Format de fichier », et si les pistes vidéo et audio sont activées. Ne modifiez
pas ce champ sans bonne raison, car le fichier pourrait alors ne pas être reconnu.
 aiff : représente le format AIFF.
 ac3 : représente Dolby Digital Professional.
 dv : représente la vidéo au format Digital Video (DV).
 mpg : représente le flux MPEG-1 multiplexé (vidéo et audio).
 m1v : représente le flux élémentaire vidéo MPEG-1.
 m1a : représente le flux élémentaire audio MPEG-1.
 m2v : représente le flux vidéo élémentaire MPEG-2.
 m2t : représente le flux de transport MPEG-2.
 mpeg : représente le flux de programme MPEG-2.
 m4v : représente le format H.264 pour appareils Apple.
 mp4 : représente le format MPEG-4.
 mov : représente le format QuickTime et H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro.
 tga : représente le format TARGA.
 tiff : représente le format TIFF.
 Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche : cette case permet de désactiver la segmentation des tâches. Elle n’est importante que si vous utilisez Compressor avec le traitement distribué et avec l’encodage à deux passes ou multipasse. La fonctionnalité de
traitement distribué de Compressor est limitée aux ordinateurs sur lesquels est installé Final Cut Studio ou DVD Studio Pro. Pour plus d’informations, consultez la section « Segmentation de tâche et encodage 2 passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.64 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
Segmentation de tâche et encodage 2 passes (ou multipasse)
Si vous choisissez le mode deux passes ou multipasse et que le traitement distribué est
activé, vous devrez peut-être faire un choix entre rapidité de traitement et garantie de
la meilleure qualité possible.
Le système Apple Qmaster de traitement distribué accélère le traitement en distribuant le travail sur plusieurs nœuds de traitement (ordinateurs). L’un des moyens pour y parvenir consiste
à diviser la quantité totale d’images d’un travail en segments plus petits. Chacun des ordinateurs de traitement opère alors sur un segment différent. Étant donné que les nœuds fonctionnent en parallèle, le travail est terminé plus vite qu’il ne le serait sur un ordinateur unique. Mais
avec l’encodage VBR 2 passes et multipasse, chaque segment est traité de manière individuelle, ainsi l’allocation de débit généré dans la première passe pour n’importe quel segment
ne comprend pas d’informations sur les segments traités sur d’autres ordinateurs.
Commencez par évaluer la difficulté d’encodage (complexité) de vos données source. Ensuite
décidez si vous souhaitez ou non autoriser la segmentation de tâche (à l’aide de la case
« Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche » en haut de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur). Si la répartition des zones simples et complexes des données est similaire à travers tout le fichier multimédia source, vous pouvez obtenir la même qualité, que la segmentation soit activée ou non.
Dans ce cas, il est utile d’autoriser la segmentation afin de réduire le temps de traitement.
Cependant, il se peut qu’un fichier multimédia source présente une distribution inégale des
scènes complexes. Par exemple, un programme sportif dans lequel la première heure correspond à l’entraînement, avec des présentateurs relativement statiques, et la deuxième heure
correspondant à l’action sportive. Si ces données source sont fractionnées en deux segments, le plan d’allocation de débit du premier segment ne pourra pas « donner » certains
de ses bits au deuxième segment, car les segments seront traités sur des ordinateurs distincts. La qualité du métrage d’action plus complexe du second segment en pâtira. Dans ce
cas, si votre objectif est de garantir la meilleure qualité possible sur les deux heures de programme, il serait judicieux de ne pas autoriser la segmentation des travaux, en désactivant
la case en haut de la sous-fenêtre de l’encodeur. Cela a pour effet de forcer le traitement du
travail (et donc l’allocation de débit) sur un ordinateur unique.
Remarque : la case « Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche » n’affecte que la segmentation
des tâches individuelles (fichiers source). Si vous envoyez des lots avec plusieurs tâches,
le système de traitement distribué continue d’accélérer le traitement en distribuant
les tâches (non segmentées), même lorsque la segmentation des tâches est désactivée.
Pour plus d’informations sur l’encodage à débit variable (VBR), consultez la section « Onglet
Qualité » à la page 204. Pour plus d’informations sur le système de traitement distribué
Apple Qmaster, consultez le guide Configuration du traitement distribué.Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 65
Sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’images
Cette sous-fenêtre de l’Inspecteur propose des réglages automatiques et personnalisés
pour l’analyse d’image avancée et la resynchronisation d’image.
Le redimensionnement d’image peut s’avérer nécessaire lorsque vous transcodez d’un
format haute définition tel que le 1080i vers un format de définition standard comme
le DV-NTSC. La resynchronisation d’image quant à elle est nécessaire lorsque vous
transcodez entre formats vidéo de fréquences d’images différentes comme le NTSC
(29,97 images par seconde) et PAL (25 images par seconde). Pour plus d’informations
sur la sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’images, consultez la section « À propos de la sousfenêtre Contrôles d’images » à la page 274.
Sous-fenêtre Filtres
Utilisez la sous-fenêtre Filtres pour ajouter des filtres à votre réglage. Parmi les tâches
disponibles, vous pouvez effectuer une correction gamma et supprimer le bruit. 66 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
Cochez la case située en regard du filtre que vous souhaitez associer à un réglage
donné. Utilisez les curseurs de défilement ou les flèches de contrôle pour ajuster
les paramètres de filtrage selon vos besoins.
Les filtres sont appliqués au fichier multimédia source en fonction de leur ordre d’organisation dans la liste des filtres. Vous pouvez réorganiser les filtres en les déplaçant vers
le bas ou le haut dans la liste.
Pour de plus amples informations sur la sous-fenêtre Filtres, consultez la section « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Filtres » à la page 260.
Sous-fenêtre Géométrie
Vous devez utiliser la sous-fenêtre Géométrie pour rogner et dimensionner le fichier
multimédia à compresser et définir ses proportions.
La sous-fenêtre Géométrie comporte trois parties :
 Cadre de source (rognage) : utilisez n’importe lequel des quatre champs pour saisir
le nombre de pixels par lequel vous voulez réduire la taille du fichier multimédia
source ou cliquez sur la case « Détecter automatiquement les réglages de rognage
pour le format Letterbox » pour que Compressor choisisse les valeurs de rognage en
fonction du contenu vidéo du fichier multimédia source.
 Dimensions (pixels encodés) : utilisez le menu local « Dimension de l’image » ou ces
champs pour créer une dimension d’image et des proportions de sortie correspondant à votre fichier multimédia source. Utilisez le menu local « Aspect des pixels »
pour définir les valeurs de largeur et de hauteur, afin qu’elles soient conformes à des
proportions déterminées.
 Cadre de l’image de sortie (remplissage) : utilisez le menu local Remplissage pour
calculer les valeurs de hauteur et de largeur de sortie. Si vous sélectionnez
Personnaliser, vous pouvez saisir des valeurs dans les champs.Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 67
Pour de plus amples informations sur la sous-fenêtre Géométrie, consultez le chapitre 21,
« Ajout de réglages de géométrie », à la page 287.
Sous-fenêtre Actions
Utilisez la sous-fenêtre Actions pour activer les envois par message électronique des notifications de fin de transcodage et exécuter les actions AppleScript de post-transcodage.
 Case à cocher et champs « Notification par courrier électronique à » : utilisez ce champ
pour introduire l’adresse électronique à laquelle vous souhaitez que la notification
soit envoyée après le transcodage du fichier multimédia ou en cas d’erreur.
 Case à cocher « Exécuter AppleScript sur la sortie » : cochez cette case pour activer
les scripts AppleScript attribués au réglage après le transcodage du fichier multimédia.
 Bouton Choisir : cliquez pour sélectionner le script AppleScript que vous voulez affecter au réglage.
 Destination par défaut : choisissez dans ce menu local la destination que ce réglage
doit utiliser.
Pour de plus amples informations sur la sous-fenêtre Actions, consultez le chapitre 22,
« Ajout d’actions à un réglage », à la page 297.68 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
Fenêtre Historique
La fenêtre Historique vous donne rapidement accès aux lots soumis précédemment,
ainsi qu’aux informations qui les concernent. Vous pouvez l’utiliser pour mettre en pause
une opération de transcodage, soumettre à nouveau des lots en les faisant glisser dans
la fenêtre Lot ou visualiser les détails de la soumission de lots particuliers. Vous pouvez
également l’utiliser pour localiser les fichiers multimédia de sortie des lots préalablement
envoyés.
La fenêtre Historique contient également une barre de progression que vous pouvez
utiliser pour contrôler l’état des lots soumis au préalable.
Pour ouvrir ou fermer la fenêtre Historique, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
m Sélectionnez Fenêtre > Historique.
m Appuyez sur Commande + 1.
m Cliquez sur le bouton Historique dans la barre d’outils de la fenêtre Lot.
Remarque : la fenêtre Historique s’ouvre automatiquement si elle est fermée lorsque
vous envoyez un lot en vue de le transcoder.
La fenêtre Historique contient des entrées qui affichent des informations sur le nom du
lot et la date et l’heure auxquelles il a été transcodé au départ. Les entrées sont classées par date, en commençant par la plus ancienne. Lorsque vous faites glisser un lot
dans une fenêtre Lot pour une nouvelle soumission, un nouveau lot sans nom est créé
à cet effet (les lots existants ne s’en trouvent pas affectés).
Pour plus d’informations sur les commandes et réglages dans la fenêtre Historique,
consultez la section « À propos de la fenêtre Historique » à la page 123.Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 69
Fenêtre Preview
La fenêtre Preview consiste en un écran partagé en deux, qui affiche à gauche le fichier
multimédia source sous sa forme originale, et à droite ce à quoi ressemblerait votre
fichier de média de sortie. Cela vous permet de comparer l’original et la version transcodée et, le cas échéant, d’ajuster vos réglages. En utilisant les options de cette fenê-
tre, vous pouvez rogner l’image, ajouter des images clés et modifier les proportions.
Pour ouvrir la fenêtre Preview, procédez comme suit :
m Sélectionnez Fenêtre > Preview.
m Cliquez sur le bouton Preview dans la barre d’outils de la fenêtre Lot.
m Appuyez sur Commande + 2.
La fenêtre Preview propose d’autres fonctionnalités et notamment un menu local de
gestion de marqueurs. Le menu local de gestion des marqueurs vous permet d’importer
des listes de chapitre ou d’ajouter manuellement marqueurs de chapitres (et de podcasts) et des marqueurs de compression (pour améliorer la qualité de la compression
d’un fichier média). Vous pouvez également modifier/couper les marqueurs de compression générés dans d’autres applications comme Final Cut Pro. Si vous exportez un projet
Final Cut Pro vers Compressor, ces paramètres ou ces marqueurs sont aussi transférés
avec votre projet. Ces marqueurs sont également exportés vers DVD Studio Pro. Consultez les sections « Utilisation d’images I MPEG-2 » à la page 223 et « À propos des marqueurs MPEG-2 et de DVD Studio Pro » à la page 215 pour de plus amples informations.
Pour plus d’informations sur les contrôles et les paramètres de la fenêtre Preview,
consultez la section « À propos de la fenêtre Preview » à la page 304.
Bouton de menu local
Marqueur70 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
Batch Monitor
Utilisez Batch Monitor pour surveiller la progression de l’activité de tous les transcodages des lots, y compris les estimations du temps de transcodage restant pour l’ensemble des tâches. Batch Monitor est une application distincte pouvant être ouverte sans
ouvrir Compressor. Pour plus de détails sur Batch Monitor, consultez le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Batch Monitor.
Pour ouvrir Batch Monitor, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Cliquez sur le bouton Batch Monitor dans la barre d’outils de la fenêtre Lot.
m Double-cliquez sur l’icône Batch Monitor dans le dossier Utilitaires.
Vous pouvez aussi définir les préférences de Compressor de façon à ce que
Batch Monitor s’ouvre automatiquement lorsque vous soumettez un lot. Pour plus
d’informations, consultez la section « Configuration des préférences de Compressor » à
la page 39.
Batch Monitor affiche l’état de tous les lots soumis et notamment leur nom et d’autres
informations. Vous pouvez visualiser des rapports sur les tâches réussies ou échouées
dans Batch Monitor ou la fenêtre Historique.
Pour plus d’informations sur les contrôles et les réglages de Batch Monitor, consultez
le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Batch Monitor.Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 71
Fenêtres Droplet
Vous pouvez enregistrer un ou plusieurs réglages ou groupes de réglages dans
une Droplet, un préréglage autonome, intégré dans une application glisser-déposer
et enregistré en tant qu’icône. Vous pouvez ensuite transcoder les fichiers multimédia
sources (sans même ouvrir Compressor) en les faisant tout simplement glisser sur
une icône Droplet. Consultez le chapitre 25, « Utilisation de droplets », à la page 337
pour plus d’informations sur la création et l’utilisation de Droplets.
Vous pouvez ouvrir n’importe quelle Droplet et afficher sa fenêtre pour voir tous
les détails la concernant.
Pour ouvrir une fenêtre Droplet :
m Double-cliquez sur une icône Droplet.
Pour plus d’informations sur les contrôles et réglages de la fenêtre Droplet,
consultez la section « À propos de la fenêtre Droplet » à la page 338.
Faites glisser les fichiers
multimédia sources
sélectionnés dans
une Droplet pour
les transcoder.72 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
À propos du changement des valeurs et des entrées de
timecode
Compressor propose plusieurs types de méthodes de saisie de valeurs. La plupart
ont des fonctions permettant de simplifier la modification des champs de valeur ou
de timecode.
Utilisation des curseurs de valeur
Deux méthodes sont utilisées pour saisir des valeurs numériques générales : les curseurs traditionnels avec champs d’entrée numérique séparés, qui allient le curseur et
le champ d’entrée numérique.
Les curseurs de valeur permettent de saisir un nombre spécifique dans le champ de
valeur ou de faire glisser le pointeur dans le champ pour définir une valeur. Vous pouvez les utiliser en même temps qu’une touche de modification pour procéder à des
modifications de valeurs importantes, réduites ou normales. Faire glisser le pointeur
dans la partie centrale (où se trouve le nombre) fonctionne de la même façon qu’un
curseur ordinaire : faire glisser vers la droite augmente la valeur et faire glisser vers
la gauche réduit la valeur. De plus, vous pouvez cliquer sur la flèche gauche ou droite
pour modifier la valeur d’un cran à la fois. Vous pouvez également double-cliquer sur
le nombre lui-même et saisir une nouvelle valeur dans le champ de valeur.
Pour modifier les valeurs d’incréments normaux, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
m Faites glisser le pointeur vers la gauche ou la droite dans le champ de valeur.
m Cliquez sur la flèche de gauche pour réduire la valeur et sur la flèche de droite pour
l’augmenter.
m Si vous disposez d’une souris à trois boutons avec molette de défilement, cliquez dans
le champ de valeur et utilisez la molette de la souris.
Pour modifier les valeurs de façon précise, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
m Faites glisser le champ de valeur en maintenant la touche Option enfoncée.
m Maintenez la touche Option enfoncée et cliquez sur la flèche de gauche pour réduire
la valeur et sur la flèche de droite pour l’augmenter.
m Si vous disposez d’une souris à molette de défilement, utilisez-la dans le champ de
valeur tout en maintenant la touche Option enfoncée.
Curseur de valeur avec
curseur et champ d’entrée
numérique combinés
Curseur et champ d’entrée
numérique séparésChapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 73
Pour modifier les valeurs de façon moins précise, procédez de l’une des manières
suivantes :
m Faites glisser le champ de valeur en maintenant la touche Maj enfoncée.
m Maintenez la touche Maj enfoncée et cliquez sur la flèche de gauche pour réduire
la valeur et sur la flèche de droite pour l’augmenter.
m Si vous disposez d’une souris à molette de défilement, utilisez-la dans le champ valeur
tout en maintenant la touche Maj enfoncée.
Lorsqu’un curseur ou un champ de valeur est actif (mis en surbrillance), appuyez sur
la touche Tab pour passer au champ suivant.
Utilisation des curseurs de valeur de timecode
Compressor utilise des curseurs de valeur de timecode pour tous les champs de
timecode. Outre la possibilité de saisir directement des valeurs de timecode, vous
pouvez « faire défiler » le timecode par glissement.
Si vous positionnez le pointeur sur un segment de timecode, de petites flèches
apparaissent au-dessus et en dessous de ce segment.
Vous pouvez faire glisser le pointeur vers le haut ou vers la droite pour augmenter
la valeur de ce segment (les valeurs des segments de gauche augmentent également
si votre glissement dépasse la valeur maximale). En faisant glisser le curseur vers
la gauche, la valeur est réduite. Vous pouvez maintenir la touche Option enfoncée pour
faire des modifications de valeur plus lentes ou utiliser la touche Maj pour des modifications plus rapides.
Vous pouvez également cliquer sur les flèches haut et bas de chaque côté de la valeur de
timecode ou appuyer sur les touches Flèche vers le haut et Flèche vers le bas du clavier
pour augmenter ou réduire la valeur de timecode.
Vous pouvez contrôler le segment affecté par les flèches haut et bas en sélectionnant
un segment, afin de faire apparaître un signe d’insertion en dessous du segment. Vous
pouvez également utiliser les flèches gauche et droite du clavier pour sélectionner
d’autres segments.74 Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor
Raccourcis clavier généraux de Compressor
Commande clavier Fonction
Passe la fenêtre Inspecteur au premier plan.
Passe la fenêtre Historique au premier plan.
Passe la fenêtre Preview au premier plan.
Passe l’onglet Réglages au premier plan.
Passe l’onglet Destinations au premier plan.
Enregistre le lot actuel.
Enregistre le lot actuel comme nouveau lot.
Crée un nouveau lot sans nom.
Ouvre un lot enregistré.
Ouvre la fenêtre Préférences.
Importe une ressource source pour créer une nouvelle tâche dans
le lot.
Crée une nouvelle tâche de groupe de son Surround dans le lot.
Soumet le lot actuel.
Envoie un lot à partir d’une Droplet ouverte.
Supprime un élément sélectionné de la fenêtre Lot, Preview ou
Destinations.
Permet de se déplacer vers le haut dans les listes Lot, Destinations,
Réglages et Filtres.
Permet de se déplacer vers le bas dans les listes Lot, Destinations,
Réglages et Filtres.
Permet de passer d’un champ de texte à un autre dans toutes les
sous-fenêtres.
Ouvre la zone de dialogue « Monter le stockage du cluster ».
Ouvre l’Aide Compressor.
option I
1
2
3
4
S
Maj S
N
O
,
l
Maj I
option S
retour
suppr.
Maj M
Maj ? Chapitre 3 Interface de Compressor 75
Raccourcis clavier de la fenêtre Preview
Commande clavier Fonction
Démarre une animation arrière rapide.
Démarre une animation avant rapide.
Lecture arrière du plan image par image.
Lecture avant du plan image par image.
Démarre ou arrête la lecture d’un plan.
Ajoute ou supprime un marqueur.
Lorsque la tête de lecture se trouve sur un marqueur, ouvre la zone
de dialogue Modifier le marqueur.
Définit un point d’entrée pour le plan.
Définit un point de sortie pour le plan.
J
L
espace
M
E
l
O4
77
4 Importation de fichiers multimédia
sources
La première étape du processus de transcodage dans
Compressor consiste à importer au moins un fichier
multimédia source dans la fenêtre Lot.
L’importation d’un ou plusieurs fichiers multimédia sources dans un lot crée des tâches
(une par fichier multimédia source). Il s’agit de la première étape pour pouvoir transcoder les fichiers multimédia sources en fichiers de sortie souhaités.
Vous pouvez importer des fichiers multimédia sources pour créer des tâches à partir de
n’importe quel dossier auquel vous avez accès. Compressor prend en charge une large
gamme de formats multimédia sources allant des formats QuickTime les plus populaires au Dolby Digital Professional (AC-3), en passant par le MPEG-1, le MPEG-2 et
le MPEG-4.
Consultez la section « Ajout de fichiers multimédia sources à un lot pour créer
des tâches » à la page 79 pour de plus amples informations.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 À propos de la fenêtre Lot (p. 78)
 Ajout de fichiers multimédia sources à un lot pour créer des tâches (p. 79)
 Utilisation de l’Inspecteur avec des fichiers multimédia sources (p. 87)
 Astuces pour l’importation de fichiers multimédia sources (p. 90)78 Chapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources
À propos de la fenêtre Lot
La fenêtre Lot permet de centraliser l’organisation des tâches de transcodage et d’attribuer rapidement des réglages. Lorsque vous ouvrez Compressor pour la première fois,
une fenêtre Lot sans nom apparaît. Imaginez les lots comme des documents pouvant
être enregistrés, fermés puis ouverts de nouveau. Utilisez la barre de menus située en
haut de la fenêtre Lot pour ouvrir toutes les autres fenêtres de tâche.
Informations générales sur la fenêtre Lot
Les lots sont le cœur même de votre flux de production Compressor et c’est dans
la fenêtre Lot que vous traitez les lots. Cette fenêtre prend en charge l’ouverture de
plusieurs lots à la fois et les affiche dans des onglets séparés.
Pour créer un nouveau lot :
m Choisissez Fichier > Nouveau lot (ou appuyez sur Commande + N).
Un nouveau lot sans nom est ajouté à la fenêtre.
Consultez la section « Enregistrement et ouverture d’un lot » à la page 125 pour en
savoir plus sur les fichiers de lot.
Vous pouvez même ouvrir plusieurs fenêtres Lot, contenant chacune un lot différent en
faisant glisser un onglet de lot dans un nouvel emplacement. Consultez la section « À
propos des onglets » à la page 49 pour en savoir plus sur le déplacement d’onglets par
glisser-déposer pour ouvrir ou fermer des fenêtres de lot.
Zone Tâches
Barre d’outils
Onglets Lot
État du lot Bouton d’envoi de lot
Bouton « Afficher/Masquer la barre d’outils »
Nom du lot actuellement
sélectionné
Chaque onglet
correspond
à un lot différent
L’onglet du nouveau lotChapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources 79
La fenêtre Lot comprend un bouton Soumettre, situé dans le coin inférieur droit,
que vous pouvez utiliser pour commencer le transcodage du lot actuellement sélectionné. Le coin inférieur gauche affiche l’état du lot actuel (le nombre de tâches qu’il
contient et s’il a été soumis).
À propos de la barre d’outils de la fenêtre Lot
Dans la partie supérieure de la fenêtre Lot se trouve une barre d’outils personnalisable.
Vous pouvez choisir de l’afficher ou de la masquer en cliquant sur le bouton situé dans
le coin supérieur droit de la fenêtre.
Vous disposez d’un large choix d’éléments à intégrer à la barre d’outils, tels que des
éléments permettant d’ouvrir, d’enregistrer et de fermer un lot. Pour plus de détails
sur les éléments que vous pouvez ajouter et la façon de procéder, consultez la section
« Personnalisation de la barre d’outils » à la page 52.
Ajout de fichiers multimédia sources à un lot pour créer
des tâches
Vous devez importer les fichiers multimédia sources dans le lot de la fenêtre Lot avant
de pouvoir leur ajouter tout réglage de transcodage. Lorsqu’ils sont importés dans
un lot, les fichiers multimédia sources créent une tâche (première étape pour le transcodage des fichiers). Il existe quelques méthodes spéciales à utiliser lors de l’importation des fichiers multimédia sources avec son Surround.
Bouton « Afficher/Masquer la barre d’outils » (la
barre d’outils est cachée
dans cet exemple)80 Chapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources
Ajout de fichiers multimédia sources standard aux lots
Vous trouverez ci-après les instructions d’ajout de fichiers multimédia sources standard
(n’utilisant pas le son Surround) à un lot.
Pour ajouter des fichiers multimédia sources à un lot :
1 Ouvrez Compressor.
La fenêtre Lot s’ouvre avec un onglet de lot vide intitulé Sans titre.
2 Procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Choisissez Tâche > « Nouvelle tâche avec fichier » (ou appuyez sur Commande + I),
naviguez jusqu’au dossier de fichiers multimédia souhaité, sélectionnez un ou plusieurs fichiers multimédia sources, puis cliquez sur Ouvrir.
Remarque : choisissez Tâche > « Nouvelle tâche avec fichiers son Surround » (ou
appuyez sur Commande + Maj + I) pour créer une tâche utilisant un ensemble de
fichiers audio pour une sortie son Surround. Consultez la section « Ajout de fichiers
multimédia sources avec son Surround aux lots » à la page 83 pour obtenir plus
d’informations.
 Cliquez sur le bouton « Ajouter fichier » (dans la barre d’outils Lot, s’il est visible),
naviguez jusqu’au dossier de fichiers multimédia souhaité, sélectionnez un ou
plusieurs fichiers multimédia sources, puis cliquez sur Ouvrir.
 Cliquez sur une zone vide du lot tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée
et choisissez « Nouvelle tâche avec fichier » dans le menu contextuel. Vous pouvez
alors naviguer vers le dossier de fichiers multimédia souhaité, sélectionner un ou
plusieurs fichiers multimédia sources, puis cliquer sur Ouvrir.
Onglet lot sans titre
Zone de lot vide contenant une tâche fictiveChapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources 81
 Ouvrez votre dossier de fichiers multimédia sources et faites glisser un ou plusieurs
fichiers dans le lot.
Remarque : vous pouvez combiner les étapes précédentes en sélectionnant tous
les fichiers multimédia sources que vous souhaitez transcoder avant d’ouvrir
Compressor, puis en les faisant glisser sur l’icône de l’application Compressor.
Compressor s’ouvre alors et ajoute en même temps les fichiers multimédia au lot
sans titre par défaut.
3 Enregistrez le lot au moyen de l’une des méthodes suivantes :
 Choisissez Fichier > Enregistrer sous.
 Appuyez sur Commande + Maj + S.
4 Saisissez un nom pour le lot et choisissez, dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît,
l’emplacement dans lequel vous voulez l’enregistrer. Cliquez sur Enregistrer une fois
terminé.
L’onglet de la fenêtre Lot change pour correspondre au nom du fichier.
Remarque : si vos préférences de Finder sont réglées pour afficher les extensions,
l’extension « .compressor » apparaît dans l’onglet à côté du nom.
Vous n’avez aucune obligation de nommer et d’enregistrer vos lots ; il est parfois préfé-
rable de ne pas le faire par souci de rapidité. Cependant, lorsque vous nommez et enregistrez un lot, il est plus facile par la suite d’y revenir et de le soumettre à nouveau si
les fichiers de sortie ne correspondent pas à vos attentes ou si vos besoins ont changé.
Cela permet également de savoir plus facilement ce qui se trouve dans la fenêtre Historique et dans Batch Monitor si vous soumettez plusieurs lots en peu de temps. 82 Chapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources
Le lot contient maintenant vos fichiers multimédia sélectionnés, chacun dans sa propre tâche. Les fichiers multimédia sources à contenu vidéo comprennent également
une vignette et un curseur que vous pouvez utiliser pour parcourir la vidéo.
Vous pouvez modifier le fichier multimédia source affecté à une tâche.
Pour modifier le fichier multimédia source affecté à une tâche :
1 Sélectionnez la tâche dont vous souhaitez modifier le fichier multimédia source.
2 Procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Choisissez Tâche > Source > Fichier, naviguez jusqu’au dossier de fichiers multimédia
souhaité, sélectionnez un ou plusieurs fichiers multimédia sources, puis cliquez
sur Ouvrir.
 Cliquez sur la tâche tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée et choisissez
Source dans le menu contextuel. Vous pouvez alors naviguer vers le dossier de
fichiers multimédia souhaité, sélectionner un ou plusieurs fichiers multimédia
sources, puis cliquer sur Ouvrir.
 Faites glisser un nouveau fichier multimédia source dans la tâche.
Toutes les cibles déjà configurées sont conservées et sont maintenant appliquées au
nouveau fichier multimédia source. Vous pouvez également supprimer un fichier multimédia source d’une tâche si nécessaire.
Pour supprimer un fichier multimédia source d’une tâche :
m Cliquez sur la tâche tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée et choisissez
Effacer la source dans le menu contextuel.
Pour supprimer une tâche d’un lot, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Sélectionnez la tâche et appuyez sur la touche de suppression.
m Cliquez sur une partie vide du lot tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée
et choisissez « Supprimer toutes les tâches » dans le menu contextuel.
Faites glisser ce curseur
pour parcourir les images des fichiers vidéo.
Cliquez à n’importe quel
endroit de la tâche pour
voir les attributs du
fichier dans la fenêtre
Inspecteur.
Chaque fichier
multimédia source crée
une tâche.
Les cibles de cette tâche
apparaissent à cet endroit.Chapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources 83
Ces tâches sont maintenant prêtes à recevoir une nouvelle cible. Les cibles comprennent les réglages et destinations nécessaires pour en faire une tâche que vous pouvez
soumettre au transcodage. Consultez le chapitre 6, « Finalisation de tâches et
soumission de lots », à la page 109 pour de plus amples informations sur l’ajout de
cibles aux tâches. Lisez également le chapitre 5, « Création, aperçu et modification des
réglages », à la page 93 pour apprendre comment créer vos propres réglages.
Ajout de fichiers multimédia sources avec son Surround aux lots
Il existe deux méthodes permettant d’ajouter des fichiers audio à un lot pour créer
une tâche avec son Surround : la méthode automatique, qui s’appuie sur le nom de
fichier pour mapper les fichiers audio sur les canaux audio appropriés, et la méthode
manuelle qui vous permet d’affecter manuellement les fichiers audio aux canaux.
Chaque méthode produit une tâche à laquelle vous pouvez ajouter un réglage prenant en charge les sorties audio Surround, comme le Dolby Digital Professional,
l’AIFF et d’autres codecs audio du format de sortie de séquence QuickTime.
Important : certains formats de sortie ont plusieurs configurations pour les canaux audio
Surround. Veillez à connaître la configuration requise par le périphérique de lecture souhaité. Par exemple, le format de sortie AIFF propose quatre configurations différentes
pour les sorties audio 5.1 (6 canaux), la différence provenant de l’ordre des canaux.
Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio Surround (méthode automatique)
Compressor offre des techniques rationalisées d’affectation de canaux, qui vous permettent de gagner du temps.
Pour afficher des fichiers à des canaux Surround avec des codes d’identificateur
de canal :
1 Ajoutez le code d’identificateur du canal Surround cible au nom de chaque fichier
audio source. Reportez-vous au tableau ci-dessous pour la liste des codes d’identificateur de canal appropriés.
Affectation de canaux Code d’identificateur de canal
Canal avant gauche -G
Canal avant droit -D
Canal avant central -C
Canal Surround gauche -Gs
Canal Surround droit -Ds
Canal Surround central -S
Canal basse fréquence (subwoofer, LFE) -LFE84 Chapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources
Par exemple, pour affecter un fichier AIFF au canal Surround gauche,
renommez le fichier comme suit nomdefichier-Gs.aiff (nomdefichier représentant
le nom de votre fichier).
Remarque : Mac OS X peut rajouter une extension de fichier de type .aiff. Cela n’interfère pas avec la méthode d’affectation de ce canal.
Cette procédure ne fonctionne que lorsque vous glissez-déposez des fichiers dans
la fenêtre Lot. Si vous faites glisser les fichiers sur l’icône de l’application Compressor,
ils apparaissent comme fichiers sources séparés, chacun dans sa propre tâche.
Remarque : si vous créez des flux audio Surround Dolby Digital Professional (AC-3),
vous n’utiliserez pas immédiatement tous les canaux répertoriés dans le tableau.
Consultez la section « Réglages de l’onglet Audio » à la page 141 pour un schéma des
modes de codage audio Dolby.
2 Faites glisser vers la fenêtre Lot les fichiers audio source renommés.
Si les conditions suivantes sont réunies, Compressor réduit automatiquement le groupe
entier de fichiers en ce qui apparaît comme un fichier multimédia source Surround unique dans la fenêtre Lot :
 Les fichiers du groupe doivent être nommés correctement (voir tableau ci-dessus).
 Le nombre total de fichiers du groupe doit être inférieur à sept.
Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio Surround (méthode manuelle)
Suivez ces étapes pour utiliser la méthode manuelle d’affectation de fichiers audio
individuels aux canaux audio Surround.
Pour affecter manuellement des fichiers audio source aux canaux d’un flux audio
Surround :
1 Pour importer les fichiers audio source, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Cliquez sur le bouton « Ajouter son Surround » dans la fenêtre Lot.
 Choisissez Tâche > « Nouvelle tâche avec groupe Surround » (ou appuyez sur
Commande + Maj + I).
 Cliquez dans le lot tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée et choisissez
« Nouvelle tâche avec groupe Surround » dans le menu contextuel. L’interface
d’affectation des canaux s’ouvre.Chapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources 85
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes pour affecter un fichier audio source
à un canal particulier.
 Faites glisser le fichier audio source du Finder vers l’icône d’un canal spécifique
(par exemple « G »).
 Cliquez sur l’icône d’un canal spécifique (par exemple « L ») et utilisez la zone de
dialogue Ouvrir afin de localiser le fichier audio source destiné à ce canal.
Le fichier est désormais affecté au canal « G » (avant gauche).
3 Répétez l’étape 2 pour chacun des fichiers audio source que vous prévoyez d’inclure
dans le flux Surround.
Remarque : si vous créez des flux audio Surround Dolby Digital Professional (AC-3),
vous n’utiliserez pas immédiatement tous les canaux répertoriés dans le tableau.
Consultez la section « Réglages de l’onglet Audio » à la page 141 pour un schéma des
modes de codage audio Dolby.
4 Une fois que vous avez terminé l’ajout des fichiers audio source à l’interface d’affectation des canaux, cliquez sur OK.
Le groupe de fichiers Surround apparaît comme une tâche unique de fichier multimé-
dia source Surround dans la fenêtre Lot.86 Chapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources
À propos des tâches audio Surround
Lorsque vous avez créé une tâche audio Surround, la fenêtre Lot affiche l’icône de son
Surround dans la vignette du fichier multimédia source et la fenêtre Inspecteur affiche
les canaux et les fichiers correspondants.
Vous pouvez modifier n’importe quelle affectation de fichier dans la fenêtre Inspecteur.
Pour modifier l’affectation d’un fichier audio Surround :
1 Cliquez sur l’icône de haut-parleur du canal que vous voulez modifier.
Une zone de dialogue de sélection de fichiers s’ouvre.
2 Localisez le fichier à affecter à ce canal et cliquez sur Ouvrir.
Pour des informations sur la création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional,
consultez le chapitre 8, « Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional », à la
page 139. Consultez le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Soundtrack Pro pour obtenir des informations détaillées sur la création de fichiers audio Surround. Si vous prévoyez de créer
des DVD à l’aide de DVD Studio Pro, consultez le Manuel de l’utilisateur de DVD Studio Pro
pour plus d’informations sur le flux de production pour la création de DVD.
Cliquez sur l’icône d’un
canal pour changer le
fichier qui lui est affecté.Chapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources 87
Utilisation de l’Inspecteur avec des fichiers multimédia
sources
Lorsque vous sélectionnez une tâche de lot, la fenêtre Inspecteur affiche des informations au sujet du fichier multimédia source de la tâche.
La fenêtre Inspecteur comprend deux onglets : Attributs A/N et Informations
supplémentaires.
Onglet Attributs A/N
L’onglet Attributs A/N contient des informations générales sur le fichier multimédia
source et se divise en trois parties.
 Informations de fichier : cette section indique le nom du fichier, son emplacement
et son format.
 Informations vidéo : cette partie, s’il y a lieu, affiche toutes les informations du fichier
concernant la vidéo. Cela comprend la dimension de l’image, la fréquence d’images
et les informations de timecode.
 Informations audio : cette partie, s’il y a lieu, affiche toutes les informations du fichier
concernant l’audio. Cela comprend la taille d’échantillon et la fréquence d’échantillonnage.88 Chapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources
Onglet informations supplémentaires
L’onglet Informations supplémentaires vous permet de visualiser et de modifier divers
éléments de métadonnées ayant pu être ajoutés dans d’autres applications telles que
Final Cut Pro ou QuickTime. Cela inclut la possibilité d’associer un fichier de sous-titres
codés au fichier.
Pour associer un fichier de sous-titres codés à un fichier multimédia source :
1 Cliquez sur la tâche pour afficher les attributs du fichier dans la fenêtre de l’Inspecteur.
2 Cliquez sur l’onglet des informations complémentaires.
3 Cliquez sur Choisir, localisez le fichier de sous-titres codés (un fichier au format de soustitres codés Scenarist portant généralement l’extension « .scc »), puis cliquez sur Ouvrir.
Remarque : les données de sous-titres codés sont prises en charge par les formats de
sortie H.264 pour appareils Apple, MPEG-2 et séquence QuickTime.
Suivant le format de sortie de la cible de la tâche, Compressor applique le fichier de
sous-titres codés aux fichiers multimédia de sortie.
 Pour les sorties QuickTime : Compressor ajoute le fichier de sous-titres codés comme
piste de sous-titres codés au fichier de sortie QuickTime. Vous pouvez visualiser
les sous-titres codés à l’aide du lecteur QuickTime (version 7.2 ou ultérieure).
 Pour les sorties de flux élémentaire MPEG-2 : Compressor incorpore les données de soustitres codés à un flux vidéo élémentaire MPEG-2 pour qu’elles puissent être utilisées
pour la création de DVD. DVD Studio Pro retient ces données de sous-titres codés lorsque le flux vidéo est utilisé sur une piste dans un projet DVD NTSC de définition standard. Vous pouvez utiliser Apple DVD Player pour lire les fichiers de construction de
DVD Studio Pro et vérifier que les données de sous-titres codés sont bien présentes.Chapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources 89
 Pour les sorties de flux de transport et de programmation MPEG-2 : Compressor incorpore
les données de sous-titres codés aux flux de programmation et de transport MPEG-2 à
l’aide du protocole EIA-708 ATSC.
Important : les valeurs de timecode du fichier de sous-titres codés doivent être directement liées au timecode du fichier multimédia source. Vous pouvez ouvrir le fichier de
sous-titres codés dans TextEdit pour voir les valeurs de timecode qu’il contient (le texte
proprement dit est codé et n’est pas lisible de cette façon).
Pour ajouter une annotation :
1 Cliquez sur la tâche pour afficher les attributs du fichier dans la fenêtre de l’Inspecteur.
2 Cliquez sur l’onglet des informations supplémentaires.
3 Utilisez le menu local « Ajouter une annotation » pour choisir le type d’annotation.
4 Double-cliquez sur le champ de valeur correspondant et saisissez le texte d’annotation.90 Chapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources
Remarque : cette fonctionnalité Ajouter annotation est prise en charge par les formats
de sortie H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro, H.264 pour appareils Apple, MP3 et séquence
QuickTime.
Astuces pour l’importation de fichiers multimédia sources
Voici quelques astuces complémentaires pour l’importation de fichiers multimédia
sources.
Fichiers sources hautement compressés
Il est fortement recommandé de ne pas utiliser de fichiers sources hautement compressés, comme les fichiers MPEG, en guise de fichiers sources, car ils peuvent engendrer
des artefacts indésirables dans la vidéo encodée.
Séquences QuickTime de référence et traitement distribué
À proprement dit, seules les séquences QuickTime (et non les séquences QuickTime
de référence) sont prises en charge pour le traitement distribué. Si vous soumettez
une séquence de référence en vue d’un traitement distribué, assurez-vous alors que
les fichiers média spécifiés dans ladite séquence sont bel et bien disponibles à chacun
des nœuds de cluster Apple Qmaster. En d’autres termes, placez les données dans
le volume partagé (du stockage de cluster). Pour plus d’informations, consultez le guide
Configuration du traitement distribué.
Importation de fichiers MPEG-2
Lorsque vous importez un fichier MPEG-2, Compressor doit analyser le fichier avant que
vous ne puissiez le lire dans la fenêtre Preview. L’analyse du fichier implique la détermination de sa structure d’images et d’autres informations nécessaires le concernant. Comme
la structure d’images peut varier à travers le fichier, Compressor doit analyser l’intégralité
du fichier, ce qui peut prendre plusieurs minutes pour les fichiers les plus longs.
Cela n’arrive pas avec les fichiers élémentaires MPEG-2 encodés à l’aide de Compressor
lorsque la case « Ajouter les métadonnées DVD Studio Pro » est cochée. Consultez
la section « Onglet Compléments » à la page 211 pour obtenir plus d’informations.
À propos des fichiers multimédia sources Dolby Digital Professional
Vous pouvez utiliser des fichiers audio AC-3 Dolby Digital Professional comme fichiers
multimédia sources pour vos tâches. Il peut y avoir deux raisons à cela :
 Pour tester un fichier que vous venez d’encoder. Puisque vous ne pouvez pas prévisualiser les réglages de sortie Dolby Digital Professional, l’importation d’un fichier encodé
dans une tâche vous permet de le lire et d’en vérifier les réglages.
 Pour convertir un fichier audio Dolby Digital dans un autre format. Puisque tous les lecteurs multimédia ne sont pas équipés de décodeurs Dolby Digital, vous pouvez avoir
besoin de transcoder le fichier dans un autre format.Chapitre 4 Importation de fichiers multimédia sources 91
Compressor comprend un décodeur Dolby Digital qu’il utilise chaque fois que vous
lisez ou transcodez des fichiers audio Dolby Digital. Cela vous permet de vérifier
les réglages de sortie Dolby Digital Professional d’un fichier préalablement encodé sur
votre système sans devoir recourir à un décodeur Dolby Digital externe. Pour entendre
le son Surround, il vous faut un périphérique audio Surround connecté à la sortie USB
ou FireWire de votre ordinateur. L’audio est sous-mixé dans deux canaux si vous le lisez
à l’aide des haut-parleurs stéréo de votre système.
Important : la sortie audio étant déjà décodée sans être au format Dolby Digital, il est
impossible d’utiliser la sortie optique pour lire les fichiers Dolby Digital à partir de
Compressor.
? Astuce : ajoutez une extension « .ac3 » au nom de fichier si Compressor ne vous permet pas de l’ajouter à une tâche.
Valeurs automatiques et fichiers QuickTime non standard
Compressor utilise plusieurs tactiques pour déterminer les valeurs appropriées des
réglages en mode Automatique. Dans la plupart des cas, les fichiers QuickTime contiennent des métadonnées qui spécifient les nombreux attributs du fichier, comme la fré-
quence d’images et la dimension de l’image. Dans certains cas, les métadonnées ne
sont pas présentes, ce qui oblige Compressor à essayer de déterminer ces informations.
Il arrive également que ces métadonnées soient incorrectes et entraînent Compressor à
générer des valeurs incorrectes pour les réglages en mode Automatique.
De plus, certains fichiers QuickTime utilisent des réglages non standard qui obligent
Compressor à choisir une valeur automatique qui n’est pas forcément appropriée.
C’est pour toutes ces raisons qu’il vaut mieux utiliser les Inspecteurs pour vérifier
les valeurs des réglages en mode Automatique. Consultez la section « À propos des
réglages automatiques » à la page 58 pour obtenir plus d’informations.5
93
5 Création, aperçu et modification
des réglages
Un réglage est une combinaison d’attributs de transcodage,
comme le format de sortie, les filtres et les paramètres géométriques, que vous appliquez au fichier multimédia source
pendant le processus de transcodage.
Avant de pouvoir transcoder un fichier multimédia source, vous devez au moins lui
associer un réglage. Lorsqu’un fichier multimédia source se trouve dans la fenêtre Lot,
vous pouvez soit sélectionner un réglage préexistant, soit créer un réglage personnalisé à l’aide de l’onglet Réglages.
Une fois que vous disposez de tous les réglages dont vous pensez avoir besoin, il n’est
pas nécessaire d’ouvrir à nouveau l’onglet Réglages. Vous pouvez en effet sélectionner
les réglages directement dans la fenêtre Lot.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 À propos de l’onglet Réglages (p. 94)
 Utilisation de l’Inspecteur avec les réglages (p. 98)
 Duplication des réglages (p. 99)
 Création d’un réglage entièrement nouveau (p. 100)
 Aperçu d’un réglage (p. 102)
 Suppression de réglages (p. 104)
 Création de groupes de réglages (p. 104)
 Distribution et partage de réglages (p. 106)
 Exemple : Création de réglages et de groupes personnalisés pour un DVD (p. 106)
Remarque : un réglage est simplement un type de préréglage Compressor. Vous pouvez également créer, modifier, enregistrer ou supprimer des préréglages de destination.
Pour en savoir plus sur les destinations, reportez-vous à la section « Création et changement de destinations » à la page 325. 94 Chapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages
À propos de l’onglet Réglages
L’onglet Réglages vous permet de gérer vos réglages. Conjointement avec la fenêtre
Inspecteur, l’onglet Réglages fournit également des détails concernant tous
les réglages, avec accès facile aux commandes de transcodage courantes.
L’onglet Réglages (utilisé conjointement avec la fenêtre Inspecteur) sert à créer,
modifier ou supprimer des réglages et à créer des dossiers de groupe destinés aux
réglages multiples. Il permet également de créer des droplets.
L’onglet Réglages contient la liste des réglages existants et les boutons nécessaires
à l’ajout, à la suppression et à la duplication d’un réglage, ainsi qu’à la création de
groupes et de droplets.
Boutons de l’onglet Réglages
Les boutons suivants sont situés dans le haut de l’onglet Réglages.
 Créer un groupe de réglage : cette option crée un dossier pour grouper des réglages
existants. Utilisez ce bouton comme un moyen d’organiser vos réglages dans un certain ordre logique, afin de conserver un onglet Réglages facile à parcourir. Une fois
les réglages créés, vous pouvez affecter un groupe entier de réglages à un fichier
multimédia source (en le faisant glisser sur le fichier source dans la fenêtre Lot),
ou vous pouvez créer une droplet contenant plusieurs réglages. Consultez la section
« Création de groupes de réglages » à la page 104 pour plus d’informations.
Cliquez sur les triangles
d’affichage pour afficher
ou masquer le contenu
d’un groupe de réglages.
Enregistrer la sélection
comme droplet
Créer un groupe
de réglage
Bouton « Dupliquer le
réglage sélectionné »
Bouton « Supprimer les
réglages sélectionnés »
Liste Réglages
Bouton « Créer
un réglage »
Exemple de réglageChapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages 95
 Enregistrer la sélection comme droplet : cliquez pour créer une droplet à partir d’un
réglage ou d’un groupe de réglages existant. Les droplets permettent de transcoder
un fichier de données en faisant glisser un ou plusieurs fichiers de données source
sur l’icône de la droplet. Une fois que vous avez sélectionné votre réglage ou votre
groupe de réglages et cliqué sur le bouton « Enregistrer la sélection comme
droplet », la zone de dialogue Enregistrer vous invite à attribuer un nom à votre droplet, à choisir un emplacement où l’enregistrer ainsi qu’un dossier de destination
pour les fichiers multimédias de sortie pertinents. Lorsque toutes ces opérations
ont été effectuées, votre droplet est prête et vous pouvez faire glisser sur son icône
autant de fichiers que vous le souhaitez. Consultez le chapitre 25, « Utilisation de
droplets », à la page 337 pour plus d’informations sur les droplets.
 Dupliquer le réglage sélectionné : cliquez sur cette option pour dupliquer un réglage
sélectionné dans l’onglet Réglages. Le bouton Dupliquer copie dans l’onglet Réglages exactement les paramètres du réglage actuellement sélectionné. Au lieu de créer
un réglage à partir d’un brouillon, utilisez cette fonction pour en créer un à partir
d’un réglage préexistant, que vous pouvez ensuite paramétrer selon vos besoins.
 Créer un réglage (+) : cette option ajoute un nouveau réglage à l’onglet Réglages.
Lorsque vous cliquez sur ce bouton, une zone de dialogue apparaît pour vous permettre de choisir le format du fichier de sortie (H.264 pour les appareils Apple,
MPEG-2, MPEG-4, etc.).
 Supprimer les réglages sélectionnés (–) : cette option supprime un réglage de l’onglet
Réglages. Aucune confirmation ne vous est demandée, soyez donc sûr de vouloir
supprimer le réglage avant de cliquer sur ce bouton.
Remarque : il n’est pas possible de supprimer les réglages Apple.96 Chapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages
Liste Réglages
Lorsque vous ouvrez l’onglet Réglages pour la première fois, il contient un jeu de réglages (Apple) préexistants fournis avec Compressor. L’onglet Réglages affiche le nom et
la description de tous les réglages et groupes existants stockés sur votre ordinateur.
De nouveaux réglages apparaissent dans le dossier de groupe Personnalisé avec
le nom par défaut « Sans titre ___ », où « ___ » est le format de fichier que vous avez
choisi dans le menu local (+). Il est judicieux de remplacer le nom du réglage par
une appellation plus significative, par exemple le nom du réglage ou de la méthode
de distribution associée au réglage. Cliquez sur le réglage dans l’onglet Réglages pour
l’ouvrir dans la fenêtre Inspecteur.
Groupe de réglages
Apple et ses
sous-groupes
Nouveau réglage
« Sans titre »
Cliquez sur un réglage
pour l’afficher dans
la fenêtre Inspecteur.
Saisissez le nom du
réglage sélectionné et
sa description dans
la fenêtre Inspecteur.Chapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages 97
Saisissez un nom dans le champ Nom de la fenêtre Inspecteur. Utilisez le champ
Description pour saisir plus d’informations sur chaque réglage. Ces informations apparaissent uniquement dans l’onglet Réglages et peuvent vous aider à identifier vos
fichiers lorsque vous disposez de nombreux réglages.
L’organisation des réglages dans des dossiers de groupe est une autre des possibilités
qui vous sont offertes. Pour cela, après avoir créé et nommé un dossier de groupe,
faites-y glisser n’importe quel réglage personnalisé existant. Lorsque vous faites glisser
un réglage sur un groupe, vous le supprimez de son emplacement courant. Vous pouvez également sélectionner des réglages individuels d’un groupe, puis les faire glisser
sur un fichier multimédia source. Consultez la section « Création de groupes de
réglages » à la page 104 pour plus d’informations.
Sélection d’une cible
Lorsque vous sélectionnez la cible d’un lot, son réglage apparaît immédiatement dans
la fenêtre Inspecteur et le champ Nom indique « Cible sélectionnée ». Il s’agit d’une
copie temporaire du réglage, mais pas du réglage en soi, ce qui vous permet d’y apporter des modifications temporaires, uniquement pour cet envoi du lot.
Dans la fenêtre Lot,
sélectionnez une cible
pour afficher ses réglages dans la fenêtre
Inspecteur.
Le nom du réglage
est affiché comme
« Cible sélectionnée ».
Cliquez sur le bouton
Enregistrer sous afin
d’enregistrer le nouveau réglage qui
contiendra toutes
les modifications
apportées.98 Chapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages
Lorsque vous modifiez le réglage de la cible, le bouton Enregistrer sous en bas de
la fenêtre Inspecteur devient actif. Cliquez sur Enregistrer sous afin d’attribuer un nouveau nom au réglage modifié. La copie enregistrée s’affiche dans l’onglet Réglages sous
le nom Copie de Nom du réglage et devient immédiatement le réglage sélectionné dans
l’onglet Réglages.
Utilisation de l’Inspecteur avec les réglages
La fenêtre Inspecteur contient les sous-fenêtres suivantes, lesquelles permettent de créer
et de modifier tous les réglages liés à votre fichier de données multimédias de sortie,
comme les filtres, la géométrie ou le format de sortie.
 Sous-fenêtre Résumé : offre un résumé détaillé d’un réglage sélectionné. Consultez
la section « Sous-fenêtre Résumé » à la page 61 pour de plus amples informations sur
cette sous-fenêtre.
 Sous-fenêtre Encodeur : permet de sélectionner un format de sortie de sortie et
d’autres réglages audio et vidéo connexes. Consultez les sections spécifiques ci-dessous pour de plus amples informations sur les différentes sous-fenêtres Encodeur :
 « À propos de la sous-fenêtre AIFF Encoder » à la page 134
 « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur Dolby Digital Professional » à la page 140
 « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur DV » à la page 157
 « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur H.264 pour appareils Apple » à la page 160
 « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro » à la page 165
 « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur de séquence d’images » à la page 174
 « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1 » à la page 183
 « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-2 » à la page 198
 « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-4 » à la page 226
 « À propos de la sous-fenêtre AIFF Encoder QuickTime » à la page 238
 « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur Composants d’exportation au format
QuickTime » à la page 255
 Sous-fenêtre « Contrôles d’images » : permet de personnaliser les modifications relatives à la taille des images, à leur fréquence ou à la priorité de trame. (Pour plus
d’informations, reportez-vous à la section « Utilisation des contrôles d’images » à la
page 273.)
 Sous-fenêtre Filtres : permet d’ajouter des filtres aux réglages afin d’améliorer la
qualité des fichiers de sortie. (Pour plus d’informations, reportez-vous à la section
« À propos de la sous-fenêtre Filtres » à la page 260.)
 Sous-fenêtre Géométrie : permet de rogner et de définir la taille du cadre du fichier de
données multimédias de sortie. (Pour plus d’informations, reportez-vous à la section
« Ajout de réglages de géométrie » à la page 287.)Chapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages 99
 Sous-fenêtre Actions : permet d’exécuter des scripts AppleScript et d’envoyer des
notifications par message électronique. (Pour plus d’informations, reportez-vous à
la section « Ajout d’actions à un réglage » à la page 297.)
La fenêtre Inspecteur permet aussi d’attribuer un nom à vos réglages et d’ajouter des
descriptions qui vous permettront ultérieurement de vous rappeler plus facilement des
modifications personnalisées que vous avez effectuées.
Duplication des réglages
S’il existe un réglage qui contient des attributs que vous souhaitez utiliser dans un autre
réglage, au lieu de créer un nouveau réglage, vous pouvez dupliquer le réglage existant
et apporter les modifications nécessaires à la copie. La méthode la plus pratique pour
créer des réglages personnalisés consiste à dupliquer un réglage prédéfini Apple et à
adapter la copie de sorte qu’elle réponde à vos besoins.
Pour dupliquer un réglage :
1 Sélectionnez sous l’onglet Réglages le réglage que vous souhaitez dupliquer.
2 Cliquez sur le bouton Dupliquer le réglage sélectionné.
Un nouveau réglage apparaît dans le dossier Personnalisé et la mention Sans titre est
ajoutée au début du nom original.
3 Sélectionnez le nouveau réglage dans le dossier Personnalisé.
4 Ouvrez les sous-fenêtres Inspecteur suivantes afin de modifier les éléments suivants :
 Nom et description du réglage : permet de modifier le nom et la description du réglage
de sorte que vous puissiez vous rappeler plus facilement pourquoi vous avez créé ce
réglage personnalisé.
 Sous-fenêtre Encodeur : permet de modifier le format de sortie et les codecs vidéo et
audio, ainsi que les attributs qui y sont associés.
 Sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’images : permet de changer les attributs souhaités dans
la sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’images.
Sélectionnez le réglage
à dupliquer
Cliquez sur le bouton « Dupliquer
le réglage sélectionné » pour
dupliquer le réglage sélectionné100 Chapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages
 Sous-fenêtre Filtres : permet la modification des attributs des filtres. Pour ajouter ou
supprimer un filtre d’un réglage, cochez ou décochez respectivement la case située
en regard du filtre concerné.
 Sous-fenêtre Géométrie : permet de modifier n’importe quel attribut de la sous-fenê-
tre Géométrie.
 Sous-fenêtre Actions : permet de modifier n’importe quel attribut de la sous-fenêtre
Actions.
5 Si vous avez modifié le réglage d’une façon ou d’une autre, vous pouvez effectuer l’une
des opérations suivantes pour enregistrer les modifications :
 Cliquez sur le bouton Enregistrer en bas de la fenêtre de l’Inspecteur afin d’enregistrer les modifications.
 Essayez de sélectionner n’importe quel autre réglage.
Une zone de dialogue vous demande si vous souhaitez enregistrer les attributs
modifiés.
Cliquez sur OK pour enregistrer les modifications, ou sur Revenir pour annuler
les modifications et retourner à l’Inspecteur.
Consultez la section « Affectation de réglages à des fichiers multimédia sources » à la
page 110 pour plus d’informations sur l’attribution de réglages.
Création d’un réglage entièrement nouveau
Si les réglages préexistants ne répondent pas à vos besoins en matière de transcodage
ou que vous souhaitez simplement en ajouter de nouveaux, vous pouvez créer vos
réglages.
Remarque : la procédure recommandée pour créer des réglages personnalisés consiste à dupliquer un réglage prédéfini Apple, puis à adapter la copie de sorte qu’elle
réponde à vos besoins. Pour en savoir plus sur la duplication de réglages, reportez-vous
à la section « Duplication des réglages » à la page 99.Chapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages 101
Pour créer un réglage :
1 Dans l’onglet Réglages, cliquez sur le bouton Ajouter (+), puis choisissez un format de
sortie dans le menu local.
Un nouveau réglage nommé Sans titre suivi du format de fichier de sortie (par exemple, Sans titre MPEG-2) apparaît dans le dossier Personnalisé de l’onglet Réglages.
La fenêtre Inspecteur change également pour afficher les paramètres de ce réglage.
Remarque : vous pouvez toujours changer le format du fichier de sortie de ce réglage
dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur de l’Inspecteur, mais prenez soin de changer le nom du
réglage afin de refléter son format de fichier de sortie.
Nouveau réglage
sans titre102 Chapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages
2 Saisissez un nom et une description appropriés dans les champs Nom et Description
de la fenêtre Inspecteur.
3 Configurez le réglage selon vos besoins dans la fenêtre Inspecteur.
4 Cliquez sur Enregistrer pour enregistrer le réglage.
Consultez la section « Affectation de réglages à des fichiers multimédia sources » à la
page 110 pour plus d’informations sur l’attribution de réglages.
Remarque : il est possible de créer des groupes de réglages, que vous pouvez ensuite
appliquer à un fichier de données multimédias en une seule étape. Consultez la section « Création de groupes de réglages » à la page 104 pour plus d’informations.
Aperçu d’un réglage
La fenêtre Preview de Compressor permet de voir les effets de votre réglage (par exemple, les filtres et le redimensionnement du cadre) et d’ajuster ces attributs pendant
la prévisualisation du fichier de données multimédia en temps réel.
Remarque : il n’est pas possible de prévisualiser un réglage seul. Il faut tout d’abord
qu’il ait été affecté à une tâche avec un fichier multimédia source.
Important : il n’est pas possible de prévisualiser les réglages des sous-fenêtres
« Contrôles d’images » et Encodeur. Si vous souhaitez voir les effets de vos réglages
dans ces deux sous-fenêtres, vous pouvez utiliser la fenêtre Preview pour sélectionner
une petite partie du fichier multimédia source à transcoder, puis afficher le fichier de
sortie pour voir les résultats. Consultez la section « Soumission d’un lot » à la page 120
pour plus d’informations.
Pour visualiser votre réglage dans la fenêtre Preview :
1 Appliquez le réglage à une tâche faisant partie d’un lot. Consultez la section
« Affectation de réglages à des fichiers multimédia sources » à la page 110 pour
plus d’informations.
2 Sélectionnez la cible avec le réglage que vous souhaitez prévisualiser dans la fenêtre Lot.
3 Procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Dans la fenêtre Lot, cliquez sur le réglage.
 Cliquez sur le bouton Preview. Chapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages 103
La première image du fichier multimédia source sélectionné s’affiche dans la fenêtre
Preview et le titre du réglage sélectionné apparaît dans le menu local « Élément de lot ».
La moitié gauche de l’écran affiche le fichier multimédia source sous sa forme originale
(vue Source), alors que la moitié droite affiche l’image de sortie telle qu’elle apparaîtrait
en lui appliquant les filtres et les paramètres de réglage sélectionnés (vue Sortie).
4 Le cas échéant, ajustez tous les paramètres de votre réglage pendant la prévisualisation du fichier de données multimédia dans la fenêtre Preview.
Vue Source Vue Sortie
Bouton de
sélection Élément
Menu local Élément
Cette moitié de la
fenêtre Preview
montre les effets
des modifications
apportées dans la
fenêtre Inspecteur.
Apportez les modifications pendant la prévisualisation du fichier de
données multimédias
dans la fenêtre Preview.
Sélectionnez l’élément
que vous souhaitez
modifier.104 Chapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages
Remarque : pour prévisualiser les effets de vos filtres sur votre fichier multimédia,
prenez soin de sélectionner les filtres que vous souhaitez appliquer en cochant leur
case respective dans la liste Filtres. Dans le cas contraire, les filtres non sélectionnés ne
sont pas reconnus par la fenêtre Preview et ils n’entrent pas en compte dans les paramètres de transcodage de cette tâche. Consultez le chapitre 23, « Utilisation de la
fenêtre Preview », à la page 303 pour plus d’informations sur la prévisualisation de vos
réglages, et la section « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Filtres » à la page 260 pour plus
d’informations sur les filtres.
Suppression de réglages
Pour supprimer des réglages personnalisés, cliquez sur le bouton « Supprimer le
réglage sélectionné ».
Remarque : il n’est pas possible de supprimer les réglages Apple.
Pour supprimer un réglage :
1 Sélectionnez le réglage que vous souhaitez supprimer.
2 Cliquez sur le bouton « Supprimer le réglage sélectionné » (–) ou appuyez sur la touche
Suppr. de votre clavier.
Création de groupes de réglages
La création d’un groupe de réglages permet d’associer rapidement plusieurs réglages
à un fichier multimédia source.
Pour créer un groupe de réglages :
1 Cliquez sur le bouton Grouper de l’onglet Réglages.
Avertissement : aucun avertissement n’est affiché si vous supprimez un réglage,
et cette opération est irréversible.Chapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages 105
Un dossier nommé Sans titre apparaît sous l’onglet Réglages et la colonne Description indique 0 réglages. Vous ne pouvez pas modifier ce champ, qui affiche le nombre de réglages
que le groupe contient.
2 Saisissez un nom de groupe pertinent dans le champ Nom de l’Inspecteur.
3 Sous l’onglet Réglages, faites glisser les réglages appropriés dans le dossier de groupe.
Remarque : vous pouvez aussi créer des hiérarchies de groupes (c’est-à-dire d’autres
groupes à l’intérieur des groupes). Pour ce faire, il suffit de faire glisser un dossier de
groupe dans un autre dossier de groupe.
Le champ Description indique le nombre de réglages contenus par le groupe. Après
avoir placé au moins un réglage dans le dossier de groupe, cliquez sur le triangle situé
à gauche du dossier pour afficher ou cacher les détails concernant le groupe de réglages. Enfin, pour connaître en détail les réglages que contient chaque groupe,
sélectionnez-en un, puis consultez la sous-fenêtre Résumé de la fenêtre Inspecteur.
Cliquez sur
le bouton Grouper.
Un nouveau groupe
intitulé « sans titre »
et contenant
0 réglages est créé.
Tapez un nom pour
le nouveau groupe.
Ce groupe personnalisé
contient trois autres
groupes personnalisés
disposant chacun de
leurs propres réglages.106 Chapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages
Remarque : vous pouvez également faire glisser les réglages d’un groupe vers
un autre.
Pour ajouter le même réglage à plusieurs groupes :
1 Sélectionnez le réglage.
2 Cliquez sur le bouton Dupliquer pour en créer une copie, puis renommez le réglage
dupliqué.
3 Faites glisser le réglage dupliqué dans le dossier d’un autre groupe.
Distribution et partage de réglages
Les réglages préexistants et les nouveaux réglages sont stockés en tant que fichiers
XML dans le dossier de départ /Utilisateurs/nom d’utilisateur/Bibliothèque/Application
Support/Compressor et portent l’extension de fichier .setting. Vous pouvez distribuer et
partager ces réglages en les plaçant dans le même emplacement dans le dossier principal de l’ordinateur sur lequel vous les distribuez. Vous pouvez aussi transférer ces
fichiers au moyen de la méthode que vous utiliseriez pour distribuer tout autre fichier,
c’est-à-dire en les envoyant par message électronique comme pièce jointe ou en
les téléchargeant sur un serveur.
Exemple : Création de réglages et de groupes personnalisés
pour un DVD
Dans cet exemple, vous travaillez sur un projet HD qui sera finalement enregistré sur
un DVD HD et sur un DVD SD. Vous devez pour cela fournir d’abord les DVD SD contenant les rushes.
Une méthode aisée pour ce faire consiste à créer deux groupes de réglages :
 Réglages pour les rushes : ces réglages devraient comprendre un encodeur audio AIFF
(étant donné que vous souhaitez une réalisation rapide et que l’espace disque ne
posera probablement aucun problème) et un encodeur MPEG-2 dont la taille
d’image SD utilise les réglages les plus rapides (puisque la qualité n’est pas votre pré-
occupation première). Il pourrait aussi s’agir d’un encodeur HD si vous disposez
d’un appareil vous permettant de lire facilement les DVD HD.
 Réglages pour le disque final : ces réglages devraient comprendre un encodeur audio
AC-3, un encodeur vidéo HD H.264 pour DVD et un encodeur MPEG-2 utilisant
les contrôles d’images pour garantir une vidéo de sortie HD de qualité supérieure.
 Vous devrez très probablement créer un troisième groupe de réglages portant
le même nom que ce projet et contenant les deux groupes ci-dessus.Chapitre 5 Création, aperçu et modification des réglages 107
Pour créer les groupes destinés aux rushes et aux sorties finales :
1 Dans l’onglet Réglages, cliquez trois fois sur le bouton Grouper pour créer trois nouveaux groupes sans titre.
2 Sélectionnez le premier des nouveaux groupes et, à l’aide de la fenêtre Inspecteur,
attribuez-lui le même nom que le projet.
3 Sélectionnez le deuxième des nouveaux groupes et nommez-le Rushes.
4 Sélectionnez le troisième des nouveaux groupes et nommez-le Disques finaux.
5 Dans l’onglet Réglages, faites glisser les groupes Rushes et Disques finaux vers le haut
jusqu’à ce qu’une zone de couleur noire entoure le groupe portant le même nom que
le projet, puis relâchez-les.
Remarque : il est possible de sélectionner plusieurs groupes ou réglages en appuyant
sur la touche Maj et en la maintenant enfoncée lorsque vous cliquez sur ces éléments.
Cette manipulation a pour effet de placer les deux groupes à l’intérieur du groupe
du projet.
6 Recherchez parmi les réglages Apple ceux dont la fonction correspond le mieux
à la fonction souhaitée de chaque réglage au sein des nouveaux groupes.
7 Faites une copie de chaque réglage en cliquant sur le bouton « Dupliquer le réglage
sélectionné ».
8 Sélectionnez chaque réglage copié, renommez-le, puis faites-le glisser jusque dans
le dossier approprié.
Vous pouvez ensuite sélectionner chaque réglage et lui apporter toute modification
nécessaire.
Une fois les fichiers multimédias sources importés et leurs tâches créées, il vous suffit
d’affecter le groupe approprié (Rushes ou Disques finaux) pour que tous les réglages
appropriés soient appliqués aux cibles.
Ce groupe personnalisé
contient les autres groupes personnalisés qui disposent chacun de leurs
propres réglages.
Ce groupe personnalisé
contient les réglages utilisés pour créer les rushes.
Ce groupe personnalisé
contient les réglages
utilisés pour créer le
disque final.6
109
6 Finalisation de tâches et
soumission de lots
Une tâche consiste en un fichier multimédia source et au
moins une cible (constituée d’un réglage et d’une destination) qui lui est affectée. Vous avez créé les tâches en
important des fichiers multimédia sources. L’ajout de cibles
les prépare pour la soumission au transcodage.
Vous avez créé une tâche en important des fichiers multimédia sources dans un lot.
Pour que la tâche soit terminée et prête à être soumise au transcodage, vous devez lui
ajouter une ou plusieurs cibles. Chaque cible contient un réglage qui détermine toutes
les informations concernant ce que doit devenir le fichier une fois transcodé,
ainsi qu’une destination déterminant l’emplacement d’enregistrement du fichier transcodé et le mode de création de son nom. Chaque cible permet également de saisir
manuellement le nom du fichier de sortie.
Compressor vous propose toute une gamme d’options destinées à affecter des réglages et des destinations à vos cibles et à soumettre des lots.
Remarque : consultez les sections « À propos de l’onglet Réglages » à la page 94 et
« À propos de l’onglet Destinations » à la page 326 pour plus d’informations sur la création de préréglages dans ces fenêtres.
Concernant l’attribution de réglages et de destinations et l’envoi de lots, veuillez aussi
consulter les sections suivantes :
Affectation de réglages
 Affectation de réglages à des fichiers multimédia sources (p. 110)
 Remplacement d’un réglage affecté par un autre réglage (p. 113)
 Modification d’un réglage affecté (p. 114)110 Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots
Attribution de destinations
 Affectation de destinations aux fichiers multimédia sources (p. 115)
 Réglage du nom de fichier de sortie (p. 117)
Informations générales sur les cibles et les tâches
 À propos des cibles (p. 117)
 À propos de l’ajout et de la copie de tâches (p. 118)
 À propos de l’enchaînement de tâches (p. 119)
Soumission de lots
 Soumission d’un lot (p. 120)
 Nouvelle soumission d’un lot (p. 124)
 Envoi d’un projet Final Cut Pro pour transcodage (p. 126)
 Transcodage de différents plans à partir d’un fichier multimédia source (p. 131)
Enregistrement et ouverture de lots
 Enregistrement et ouverture d’un lot (p. 125)
Affectation de réglages à des fichiers multimédia sources
Il existe de nombreuses méthodes permettant d’affecter des réglages à une tâche.
Certaines, comme faire glisser le réglage depuis l’onglet Réglages, conviennent mieux
pour travailler avec une tâche individuelle, tandis que d’autres, comme le recours au
menu contextuel, sont plus appropriées pour affecter les mêmes réglages à un groupe
de tâches.
Remarque : les étapes suivantes impliquent que vous avez déjà ajouté des fichiers
multimédia sources à un lot, créant ainsi les tâches auxquelles vous ajoutez les réglages. Consultez le chapitre 4, « Importation de fichiers multimédia sources », à la
page 77 pour plus de détails sur l’importation de fichiers multimédia sources.
? Astuce : vous pouvez cliquer sur le triangle d’affichage d’un groupe de réglages tout
en maintenant la touche Option enfoncée pour développer ce groupe (et tous ses
sous-groupes) et afficher tous les réglages qu’il contient.Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots 111
Pour affecter un réglage à une tâche par glissement :
1 Sélectionnez un ou plusieurs réglages ou groupes de réglages dans l’onglet Réglages.
2 Faites glisser les réglages sur la tâche dans la fenêtre Lot.
Une nouvelle cible est créée pour chaque réglage ajouté à la tâche du lot.
Remarque : vous ne pouvez appliquer les réglages qu’à une seule tâche si vous procé-
dez par glisser-déposer.
Tâche avec fichier multimédia source dans la
fenêtre Lot.
Sélectionnez un ou plusieurs réglages (deux
dans notre cas) à appliquer à la tâche.
De nouvelles cibles sont
ajoutées pour chaque
réglage que vous avez
fait glissé sur la tâche.112 Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots
Pour affecter un réglage à une tâche à l’aide du menu Cible :
1 Sélectionnez une ou plusieurs tâches dans le lot actuel de la fenêtre Lot.
2 Choisissez Cible > Ajouter une cible avec réglage.
La zone de dialogue de sélection de réglages apparaît par-dessus la fenêtre Lot.
3 Choisissez un ou plusieurs réglages ou groupes de réglages à affecter aux tâches
et cliquez sur Ajouter.
Les réglages sont affectés à chacune des tâches sélectionnées.
Pour affecter un réglage à une tâche à l’aide du menu contextuel :
1 Sélectionnez une ou plusieurs tâches dans le lot actuel de la fenêtre Lot.
2 Cliquez sur l’une des tâches sélectionnées en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée
et choisissez « Ajouter une cible avec réglage » dans le menu contextuel. Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots 113
Le menu contextuel affiche la liste des réglages en fonction de leurs groupes. Vous ne
pouvez pas choisir directement un groupe à affecter, mais chacun dispose d’un élément
« Tous » qui sélectionne tous les réglages du groupe.
Remarque : cette méthode ne permet pas de sélectionner plusieurs réglages individuels.
3 Choisissez soit un réglage, soit Tous pour choisir tous les réglages d’un groupe.
Les réglages s’appliquent à toutes les tâches sélectionnées.
Remplacement d’un réglage affecté par un autre réglage
Lorsque vous avez affecté un réglage à une tâche, vous pouvez trouver un réglage plus
adéquat et décider de remplacer le réglage de la cible par un autre. Plusieurs méthodes permettent de modifier les réglages d’une cible. Elles conservent toutes les réglages de destination et le nom de fichier de sortie tels quels.
Pour remplacer un réglage déjà affecté à une cible par un autre, procédez de l’une
des manières suivantes :
m Choisissez Cible > Modifier le réglage. La zone de dialogue de sélection de réglages
s’ouvre pour vous permettre de choisir un nouveau réglage et de cliquer sur Ajouter
pour l’affecter à la cible sélectionnée.
m Cliquez sur la tâche tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée et choisissez
Modifier le réglage dans le menu contextuel. La zone de dialogue de sélection de
réglages s’ouvre pour vous permettre de choisir un nouveau réglage et de cliquer sur
Ajouter pour l’affecter à la cible sélectionnée.
m Sélectionnez le nouveau réglage dans l’onglet Réglages et faites-le glisser sur la cible.
Remarque : avec toutes les méthodes ci-dessus, si vous sélectionnez plusieurs réglages,
seul celui du haut est affecté à la cible. 114 Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots
Modification d’un réglage affecté
Vous pouvez modifier ou changer tout composant d’un réglage ayant déjà été affecté à
un fichier multimédia source dans la fenêtre Lot (identifié comme Cible sélectionnée
dans la fenêtre Inspecteur).
Pour modifier un réglage associé à un fichier multimédia source dans la fenêtre Lot :
1 Sélectionnez la cible dans le lot avec le réglage que vous souhaitez changer.
Le réglage apparaît dans la fenêtre Inspecteur avec « Cible sélectionnée » dans
le champ Nom. Il s’agit d’une copie temporaire du réglage, mais pas du réglage en soi,
ce qui vous permet d’y apporter des modifications temporaires, uniquement pour cet
envoi du lot.
2 Procédez aux modifications du réglage.
Lorsque vous modifiez le réglage, le bouton Enregistrer sous en bas de la fenêtre
Inspecteur devient actif.
3 Cliquez sur Enregistrer sous afin d’attribuer un nouveau nom au réglage modifié.
La copie enregistrée s’affiche dans l’onglet Réglages sous le nom Copie de Nom du
réglage et devient immédiatement le réglage sélectionné dans l’onglet Réglages.
Remarque : il n’est pas nécessaire de l’enregistrer, mais cela peut s’avérer utile au cas
où vous devriez le réutiliser plus tard.
Sélectionnez une cible
dans la fenêtre Lot pour
afficher ses réglages
dans la fenêtre
Inspecteur.
Le nom du réglage
est affiché comme
« Cible sélectionnée ».
Cliquez sur le bouton
Enregistrer sous pour
l’enregistrer comme
nouveau réglage avec
les modifications que
vous avez effectuées.Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots 115
Affectation de destinations aux fichiers multimédia sources
Lorsque vous affectez des réglages à vos cibles, la destination par défaut est également affectée automatiquement. Vous pouvez définir la destination par défaut dans les
préférences de Compressor. Sélectionnez Compressor > Préférences. Il peut s’agir d’une
destination fournie avec Compressor ou d’une destination personnalisée que vous avez
créé. Consultez la section « Création d’une destination » à la page 328 pour plus d’informations sur l’utilisation des destinations.
Vous pouvez remplacer la destination par défaut par une autre ou même modifier
manuellement un emplacement dans lequel enregistrer le fichier de sortie. Il existe différents moyens permettant d’affecter une destination à un fichier source. Comme pour
l’affectation de réglages, les différentes méthodes ont toutes leurs avantages.
Pour affecter une destination en procédant par glisser-déposer :
1 Sélectionnez une destination dans l’onglet Destinations.
2 Faites glisser la destination sur la cible dans la fenêtre Lot.
Faites glisser la destination sur une tâche avec
cible dans la fenêtre Lot.
Sélectionnez une
destination à
appliquer à la cible.116 Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots
La partie destination de la cible pointe vers la nouvelle destination.
Remarque : vous ne pouvez appliquer les réglages à une seule tâche que lorsque vous
les lui affectez par glissement. De plus, vous ne pouvez pas créer de destination temporaire avec cette méthode.
La méthode glisser-déposer permet également de créer une nouvelle cible
(avec un réglage vide) en faisant glisser la destination vers une partie vide de la tâche.
Pour affecter une destination à l’aide du menu contextuel ou du menu Cible :
1 Sélectionnez toutes les cibles sur lesquelles vous voulez régler la destination.
2 Procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Choisissez Cible > Destination > destination.
 Cliquez sur l’une des cibles tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée et choisissez Destination > destination dans le menu contextuel.
Remarque : vous pouvez également attribuer une destination temporaire en choisissant Autre. Cela entraîne l’ouverture de la zone de dialogue Sélection de fichier,
qui vous permet de créer une nouvelle destination exclusivement destinée à l’envoi
de ce lot. Elle n’est pas enregistrée et ne s’applique qu’au lot soumis.
Lorsque vous avez affecté toutes les destinations, elles s’affichent dans la section
Destination de la cible.
Menu contextuel
DestinationChapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots 117
Réglage du nom de fichier de sortie
En plus de définir l’emplacement du fichier de sortie, les destinations déterminent
la manière de créer le nom du fichier de sortie. Lorsque vous avez affecté une destination, le nom du fichier de sortie est complet. Vous pouvez choisir de l’utiliser tel quel,
de le modifier manuellement ou de saisir un nouveau nom.
Pour modifier ou saisir un nouveau nom de fichier de sortie :
m Cliquez dans la zone du nom de fichier de sortie et modifiez le nom existant ou triplecliquez sur le nom du fichier pour en saisir un nouveau.
À propos des cibles
Les cibles contiennent trois éléments :
 Le réglage
 La destination
 Le nom du fichier de sortie
Le nom du fichier
de sortie
Le réglage La destination
Le nom du fichier
de sortie
Faites glisser les séparateurs
pour agrandir la section d’une
cible et rendre l’entrée
plus visible.
Les boutons Ajouter et
Supprimer de la cible118 Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots
Vous pouvez utiliser diverses méthodes pour ajouter des réglages à une tâche. La plus
courante consiste à ajouter un réglage ou une destination à la tâche. Vous pouvez également utiliser une des méthodes suivantes.
Pour ajouter une cible vide à une tâche, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Sélectionnez une ou plusieurs tâches et choisissez Cible > Ajouter une cible. Cela
ajoute une cible vide aux tâches.
m Sélectionnez une ou plusieurs tâches, cliquez sur une de ses zones vides en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez Cible > Ajouter une cible. Cela ajoute
une cible vide aux tâches.
m Cliquez sur le bouton Ajouter (+) d’une cible existante.
Vous pouvez également copier une ou plusieurs cibles d’une tâche à l’autre :
Pour copier des cibles dans une autre tâche par glisser-déposer :
1 Sélectionnez les cibles à copier.
2 Appuyez sur la touche Option, puis faites glisser les cibles sur la nouvelle tâche.
Pour supprimer des cibles, procédez d’une des manières suivantes :
m Sélectionnez une ou plusieurs cibles et appuyez sur Supprimer.
m Cliquez sur le bouton Supprimer (–) dans une cible.
À propos de l’ajout et de la copie de tâches
Les tâches sont créées, la plupart du temps, en ajoutant des fichiers multimédia sources à un lot. Il existe plusieurs méthodes pour ajouter des tâches à un lot. De plus,
vous pouvez enchaîner des tâches dans un lot pour définir l’ordre dans lequel
les fichiers sont transcodés lorsqu’ils ont été soumis.
Pour ajouter une tâche vide à un lot :
m Choisissez Tâches > Nouvelle tâche.
Pour supprimer une tâche d’un lot :
m Sélectionnez la tâche et appuyez sur la touche Supprimer.
Pour copier des tâches d’un lot à l’autre, procédez d’une des manières suivantes :
m Ouvrez chaque lot dans sa propre fenêtre et faites glisser les tâches d’une fenêtre à
l’autre.
m Sélectionnez les tâches à copier, appuyez sur Commande + C, sélectionnez le lot dans
lequel copier et appuyez sur Commande + V.Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots 119
À propos de l’enchaînement de tâches
L’enchaînement de tâches est utile lorsque vous devez appliquer plusieurs réglages
à un fichier multimédia source mais que vous ne pouvez appliquer chaque réglage
qu’une fois que le précédent est terminé. Cela vous permet de contrôler l’ordre dans
lequel les réglages peuvent modifier le fichier multimédia source.
Pour enchaîner toutes les cibles dans une tâche à de nouvelles tâches :
1 Sélectionnez la tâche dont vous voulez enchaîner les cibles à d’autres tâches.
2 Choisissez Tâches > Nouvelle tâche avec sortie cible.
De nouvelles tâches sont ajoutées au lot avec un symbole de chaîne et le nom
du fichier de sortie des cibles auxquelles est enchaîné.
Pour enchaîner des cibles sélectionnées à d’autres tâches :
1 Sélectionnez les tâches dont vous voulez enchaîner les sorties à d’autres tâches.
2 Cliquez sur l’une des cibles sélectionnées en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée
et choisissez « Nouvelle tâche avec sortie cible » dans le menu contextuel.
De nouvelles tâches sont ajoutées au lot avec un symbole de chaîne et le nom du
fichier de sortie des cibles auxquelles est enchaîné.
Vous pouvez enchaîner des tâches multiples si vous le désirez. Consultez la section
« Création de vidéo PAL lors du processus de télécinéma inverse » à la page 282 pour
voir un exemple d’enchaînement de deux tâches.
Le nom source de
la tâche enchaînée est
le fichier de sortie
de la cible à laquelle
il est enchaîné.
Ce logo de chaîne
constitue la vignette de
la tâche enchaînée.120 Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots
Soumission d’un lot
Lorsque vous avez configuré les tâches et leurs cibles dans un lot, vous êtes prêt
à soumettre le lot pour le traitement.
Pour envoyer un lot :
1 Assurez-vous que le lot à envoyer est sélectionné dans la fenêtre Lot.
2 Procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Choisissez Fichier > Soumettre (ou appuyez sur Commande + Option + S).
 Cliquez sur le bouton Soumettre dans la fenêtre Lot.
La zone de dialogue correspondante est affichée.
3 Vérifiez le champ Nom pour confirmer le nom du lot.
Par défaut, il s’agit du nom du premier fichier multimédia source du lot. Vous pouvez
le modifier afin qu’il reflète mieux le contenu du lot. Ce nom sera utilisé pour la soumission du lot dans Batch Monitor et dans la fenêtre Historique.
4 Utilisez le menu local Cluster pour choisir l’ordinateur ou le cluster qui doit traiter le lot.
Le réglage de cluster par défaut est « Cet ordinateur » ; Compressor n’implique donc
aucun autre ordinateur pour traiter le lot. Vous pouvez choisir n’importe quel cluster
disponible présent dans la liste. Consultez le guide Configuration du traitement distribué
pour de plus amples informations sur la configuration d’un réseau de traitement distribué Apple Qmaster.
5 Cochez la case « Inclure des services non gérés sur d’autres ordinateurs » pour créer
un cluster approprié comprenant « Cet ordinateur » et tout autre nœud de service
disponible.
Cela fait partie de la fonction AutoCluster. Consultez la section « À propos d’AutoCluster
et des services non gérés » à la page 121 pour plus d’informations.Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots 121
6 Utilisez le menu local Priorité pour choisir le niveau de priorité du lot.
7 Cliquez sur Soumettre ou appuyez sur Entrée pour soumettre le lot au traitement.
La fenêtre Historique affiche la progression du lot. Consultez la section « À propos de la
fenêtre Historique » à la page 123 pour plus d’informations.
Remarque : la fenêtre Historique s’ouvre automatiquement si elle n’est pas encore
ouverte.
Vous pouvez suivre la progression du transcodage à l’aide de Batch Monitor en doublecliquant sur l’icône Batch Monitor qui se trouve dans le dossier Utilitaires, dans le dossier Applications, ou en cliquant sur son icône dans la fenêtre Lot. Pour en savoir plus
sur Batch Monitor, consultez le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Batch Monitor disponible via
le menu Aide.
Vous pouvez configurer Batch Monitor pour qu’il s’ouvre automatiquement dans
la fenêtre Préférences de Compressor. Consultez la section « Configuration des
préférences de Compressor » à la page 39 pour obtenir plus d’informations.
Remarque : lors du traitement d’un lot volumineux (par exemple, neuf fichiers multimédia sources associés chacun à trois réglages), l’envoi est suivi d’un délai d’environ
dix secondes pendant lequel rien ne se passe. Soyez patient ! Compressor profite de ce
délai pour préparer le lot en question afin de pouvoir l’envoyer dans les meilleures conditions pour traitement. Si vous souhaitez transcoder un lot volumineux, il est conseillé
de désactiver l’écran de veille de votre ordinateur. Ceci augmente la vitesse du transcodage, car aucune ressource n’est réservée à l’écran de veille.
À propos d’AutoCluster et des services non gérés
Compressor comporte une fonction nommée AutoCluster qui permet de profiter facilement des capacités de traitement distribué offertes par Apple Qmaster sans devoir
disposer de beaucoup de connaissances sur la façon dont les clusters sont configurés,
sur la configuration du partage de fichiers, etc.
L’utilisation d’AutoCluster se fait en deux étapes :
 Création automatique de nœuds du service Apple Qmaster lors de l’installation de
Final Cut Studio ou Apple Qmaster.
 Sélection de la case « Inclure des services non gérés sur d’autres ordinateurs » lorsque vous envoyez un lot Compressor en vue de le traiter.
Ces deux étapes permettent de maîtriser la puissance de traitement d’un nombre
quelconque d’ordinateurs sur votre réseau sans effort ni connaissances supplémentaires de votre part.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez le Guide de configuration du traitement distribué disponible via le menu Aide de Compressor.122 Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots
Lorsque le lot a été soumis, un triangle jaune avec un point d’exclamation apparaît
dans le lot.
Compressor utilise ces symboles chaque fois qu’il y a un problème dans un lot. Vous
pouvez placer le pointeur au-dessus du symbole pour afficher une bulle d’aide expliquant sa présence ou cliquer dessus pour ouvrir une zone de dialogue le concernant.
Dans la case du dessus, lorsque le lot a été soumis, cet avertissement vous permet de
savoir qu’un fichier portant ce nom existe désormais dans cet emplacement et qu’il
sera écrasé si vous soumettez à nouveau le lot.
Vous pouvez éviter la zone de dialogue de soumission de lots lorsque vous soumettez un
lot. Le lot soumis pour traitement utilise automatiquement les réglages du lot précédent.
Pour soumettre un lot en utilisant les réglages précédents, procédez d’une des
manières suivantes :
m Choisissez Fichier > Soumettre avec les réglages précédents.
m Cliquez sur l’élément « Soumettre avec les réglages précédents » dans la barre d’outils
de la fenêtre Lot (s’il s’y trouve).
Consultez la section « À propos de la fenêtre Lot » à la page 78 pour plus d’informations sur l’utilisation de la fenêtre Lot.
Cliquez sur le symbole
d’avertissement pour
recevoir des explications sur sa présence.Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots 123
Astuce relative au test du transcodage
Avant de vous lancer dans une longue session de transcodage, faites un test rapide en
utilisant un petit passage du fichier de données source. S’il y a un problème (comme,
par exemple, un réglage incorrect ou un fichier de référence qui ne trouve pas
les fichiers auxquels il fait référence), vous pourrez procéder à la correction sans perdre
trop de temps. De tels tests vous permettent aussi de prévisualiser les résultats de
la sous-fenêtre Encodeur et Contrôles d’image qui ne sont pas visibles dans la fenêtre
Preview. Pour sélectionner rapidement une petite partie d’un fichier multimédia source,
consultez la section « Transcodage d’une section du plan à l’aide de la
fenêtre Preview » à la page 315.
Assurez-vous que la partie test est propre au type de réglages appliqués. Par exemple,
sélectionnez une scène d’action rapide si vous effectuez une conversion de la fréquence
d’images ou de l’ordre de trame avec Contrôles d’images.
À propos de la fenêtre Historique
La fenêtre Historique propose un accès rapide à tous les lots préalablement soumis, ce qui
vous permet de soumettre à nouveau des lots en les faisant glisser dans la fenêtre Lot et de
consulter des informations concernant la date de soumission de certains lots depuis votre
ordinateur.
Le contenu de la fenêtre Historique est organisé par date de soumission. Vous pouvez
modifier l’ordre de tri du contenu en cliquant sur le bouton « Inverser l’ordre de tri » en bas
de la fenêtre. Vous pouvez également effacer le contenu de l’Historique en cliquant sur le
bouton Effacer ou en supprimant les éléments sélectionnés avec la touche Supprimer.
Cliquez sur le triangle
d’affichage pour afficher
le détail des soumissions
de la journée.124 Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots
La fenêtre Historique peut également afficher la progression d’un lot en cours
de transcodage.
Remarque : si elle est fermée, la fenêtre Historique s’ouvre automatiquement lorsque
vous envoyez un lot.
Lorsque le transcodage est terminé, un nouveau bouton apparaît dans la fenêtre
Historique pour faciliter la recherche des fichiers encodés.
Nouvelle soumission d’un lot
Toutes les informations concernant la soumission de lots sont stockées dans la fenêtre
Historique. Vous y trouverez des détails sur toutes les tâches et cibles du lot et notamment les fichiers multimédia sources qui leur ont été affectés. Vous pouvez utiliser ces
informations pour envoyer à nouveau un lot en faisant tout simplement glisser
une entrée spécifique de la fenêtre Historique vers la fenêtre Lot.
Pour soumettre à nouveau un lot à partir de la fenêtre Historique :
1 Utilisez les triangles d’affichage pour localiser le lot à soumettre de nouveau.
Remarque : c’est dans ce cas que l’on comprend l’utilité de donner à la soumission
un nom reconnaissable.
2 Faites glisser la soumission de la fenêtre Historique dans la fenêtre Lot.
Cliquez sur le triangle
d’affichage pour voir
les détails concernant
chaque cible de cette
soumission.
Cliquez sur le bouton
Pause pour mettre en
pause le transcodage.
Cliquez une nouvelle
fois pour reprendre
le transcodage.
Nom de la soumission
Cliquez sur le bouton
Annuler pour mettre fin au
processus de transcodage.
Cible appartenant
au lot envoyé
Cliquez sur le bouton
« Révéler dans
le Finder » pour afficher
le fichier encodé dans
une fenêtre du Finder.
En cliquant sur le
triangle d’affichage, vous
pouvez afficher les détails
de la soumission.Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots 125
Lorsque vous faites glisser un lot de la fenêtre Historique vers la fenêtre Lot,
Compressor crée un nouvel onglet sans titre dans la fenêtre Lot correspondante. Le lot
apparaît dans le nouvel onglet avec tous les détails originaux (fichiers multimédia sources, cibles, réglages affectés, destinations, format de sortie et nom du lot). Vous pouvez
modifier le lot avant de le soumettre à nouveau.
Enregistrement et ouverture d’un lot
Il peut arriver que vous ne puissiez pas envoyer immédiatement un lot que vous venez
de configurer. Dans ce cas, il peut être utile d’enregistrer les paramètres du lot afin d’y
faire référence ultérieurement.
Pour enregistrer un lot :
1 Procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Choisissez Fichier > Enregistrer sous.
 Appuyez sur les touches Maj + Commande + S.
Une zone de dialogue s’ouvre pour vous permettre de nommer le fichier et de sélectionner sa destination. Par défaut, le nom du fichier est le même que celui du premier
fichier source.
2 Saisissez un nom pour le fichier si vous ne souhaitez pas utiliser le nom par défaut.
3 Choisissez la destination du fichier.
4 Cliquez sur Enregistrer.
L’extension « .compressor » est ajoutée au nom des fichiers de lot.
Remarque : l’extension « .compressor » apparaît dans les onglets de la fenêtre Lot si
vous avez choisi d’afficher les extensions dans les préférences du Finder.
Pour ouvrir un fichier de lot dans Compressor :
1 Procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Choisissez Fichier > Ouvrir.
 Appuyez sur les touches Commande + O.
Une zone de dialogue s’ouvre pour vous permettre de sélectionner le fichier de lot
à ouvrir.
2 Localisez et choisissez le fichier.
3 Cliquez sur Ouvrir.
Vous pouvez également ouvrir un fichier de lot en double-cliquant dessus dans
le Finder ou en le faisant glisser vers l’icône de l’application Compressor.
Remarque : un message d’erreur apparaît si Compressor ne parvient pas à localiser
les fichiers source répertoriés dans le fichier de lot ; seuls les fichiers source trouvés
seront affichés.126 Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots
Envoi d’un projet Final Cut Pro pour transcodage
Vous pouvez utiliser Compressor pour améliorer le processus de transcodage de vos projets Final Cut Pro. Par exemple, vous pouvez transcoder un projet Final Cut Pro sans
le soumettre à un programme de rendu. Cela évite une étape qui prend potentiellement
du temps selon les transitions, les filtres et les effets vidéo que vous avez appliqués au
projet, ainsi que les dégradations du contenu des fichiers multimédia sources qui peuvent survenir après les multiples étapes de compression et de décompression. Ce processus élimine également une étape du processus d’encodage précédent qui impliquait
une exportation de Final Cut Pro vers QuickTime, puis un transcodage de cette séquence
QuickTime dans Compressor.
Selon sa taille, un projet Final Cut Pro transcodé uniquement sur votre ordinateur peut
affecter de manière significative les performances de votre ordinateur.
Remarque : le transcodage d’un projet Final Cut Pro ne crée pas de projet rendu, bien
que tous les effets rendus doivent être appliqués au fichier multimédia de sortie. Si vous
souhaitez continuer à travailler sur le projet dans Final Cut Pro, vous devez le rendre
dans Final Cut Pro.
Pour transcoder un projet Final Cut Pro :
1 Ouvrez dans Final Cut Pro le projet que vous voulez transcoder.
2 À l’aide d’une des méthodes suivantes, sélectionnez dans Final Cut Pro le projet
à transcoder :
 Dans le navigateur, sélectionnez la séquence que vous souhaitez transcoder.
 Faites de la Timeline la fenêtre active en cliquant dessus.
3 Enregistrez votre projet Final Cut Pro et nommez-le.
4 Sélectionnez Fichier > Exporter > Avec Compressor.
Compressor s’ouvre (s’il ne l’était pas déjà) et la séquence apparaît en tant que tâche
dans un lot sans titre.
La séquence et les noms
de projet Final Cut Pro
sont combinés pour
créer le nouveau nom
de tâche.Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots 127
5 Affectez des réglages et des destinations à la tâche comme il convient.
Consultez les sections suivantes pour plus d’informations :
 « Affectation de réglages à des fichiers multimédia sources » à la page 110
 « Affectation de destinations aux fichiers multimédia sources » à la page 115
6 Cliquez sur le bouton Soumettre dans la fenêtre Lot.
Compressor commence alors le transcodage du projet Final Cut Pro, puis se ferme.
Remarque : Final Cut Pro doit rester ouvert jusqu’à la fin de ce processus, car la préparation du transcodage des images se déroule principalement dans Final Cut Pro plutôt
que dans Compressor. De même, vous ne pouvez pas travailler avec Final Cut Pro tant
que le transcodage n’est pas terminé.
Consultez la section « Exportation à partir de Final Cut Pro et traitement distribué, »
ci-dessous pour en savoir plus sur le fonctionnement du processus si vous utilisez
le traitement distribué.
Renvoi d’un projet Final Cut Pro
Vous pouvez utiliser la fenêtre Historique pour renvoyer un projet Final Cut Pro, comme
si vous renvoyiez n’importe quel autre lot. Étant donné que Compressor reconnaît
les lots créés dans Final Cut Pro, Final Cut Pro s’ouvre automatiquement quand vous
faites glisser un lot dans la fenêtre Lot à partir de la fenêtre Historique.
Consultez la section « Nouvelle soumission d’un lot » à la page 124 pour plus de détails
sur les étapes de ce processus.
Exportation à partir de Final Cut Pro et traitement distribué
Compressor et Apple Qmaster peuvent distribuer des tâches de compression audio
et vidéo sur plusieurs ordinateurs connectés en réseau.
Remarque : cette fonctionnalité de traitement distribué de Compressor est limitée
aux ordinateurs sur lesquels Final Cut Studio est installé.
Il existe deux méthodes pour éviter d’exporter des fichiers multimédia autonomes
depuis Final Cut Pro pour un traitement distribué dans Compressor :
 Exportez directement une séquence de Final Cut Pro vers Compressor, puis soumettez cette tâche à un cluster dans un réseau de traitement distribué Apple Qmaster.
Dans ce processus, Final Cut Pro s’ouvre sur chaque nœud de traitement du cluster
pour réaliser la tâche. 128 Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots
 Exportez la séquence Final Cut Pro en tant que séquence de référence QuickTime,
puis soumettez le résultat au cluster pour traitement. Bien qu’avec cette méthode il
n’est pas nécessaire que Final Cut Pro soit installé sur tous les ordinateurs du cluster
de traitement distribué, les fichiers multimédia spécifiés dans la séquence de réfé-
rence doivent être disponibles sur chacun de ces ordinateurs.
Pour exporter une séquence Final Cut Pro directement vers Compressor pour le
traitement distribué :
1 Assurez-vous que Final Cut Pro est bien installé sur chacun des ordinateurs du cluster
à utiliser pour le traitement distribué.
Chaque installation de Final Cut Pro doit disposer de son propre numéro de série.
Pour plus d’informations sur les licences en volume, rendez-vous sur
http://www.apple.com/fr/finalcutstudio/.
2 Assurez-vous que tous les fichiers multimédia sources et de rendu de votre projet
Final Cut Pro se trouvent sur un disque dur pouvant être partagé (monté) par tous
les ordinateurs du cluster qui doit traiter la tâche. (Les instructions suivantes prennent
l’exemple d’un disque de travail nommé Media1.)
Si vous copiez tous les fichiers multimédia sur un autre disque dur à cet effet, vous devrez
peut-être reconnecter les fichiers multimédia dans Final Cut Pro avant de continuer.
Important : le disque dur que vous utilisez pour stocker les fichiers multimédia ne doit
pas faire office de disque de démarrage pour un ordinateur du cluster.
3 Dans Final Cut Pro, réglez le disque de travail sur le disque dur utilisé pour le stockage
des fichiers multimédia à l’étape 2 :
a Choisissez Final Cut Pro > « Réglages système », puis cliquez sur l’onglet « Disques
de travail ».
b Cliquez sur Définir.
c Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, localisez et sélectionnez le disque que vous
souhaitez utiliser (Media1 dans notre exemple).
d Cliquez sur Choisir. Le disque spécifié (Media1) apparaît à côté du bouton Définir
avec l’espace libre.
Pour plus d’informations sur les disques de travail Final Cut Pro consultez le Manuel de
l’utilisateur de Final Cut Pro.
4 Activez le partage de fichiers sur l’ordinateur contenant le disque de travail (Media1).
(Dans la sous-fenêtre Partage des Préférences système, cliquez sur Services, puis sélectionnez Partage de fichiers.)Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots 129
5 Sur chacun des ordinateurs du cluster, montez le disque de travail spécifié à l’étape 3
(dans la barre latérale du Finder, cliquez sur Réseau, accédez à l’ordinateur contenant
le disque Media1, cliquez sur Se connecter, puis sélectionnez Media1).
6 Dans les Préférences Compressor, spécifiez les réglages d’options de cluster :
a Choisissez Préférences Compressor > ou appuyez sur Commande + virgule ( , ).
La fenêtre des préférences s’ouvre.
b Choisissez « Copier la source vers le cluster si nécessaire » dans le menu local
« Options de cluster ».
7 Dans Final Cut Pro, choisissez Fichier > Exporter > Avec Compressor.
Compressor s’ouvre avec le fichier multimédia sélectionné (la séquence Final Cut Pro)
dans la fenêtre Lot.
8 Dans Compressor, double-cliquez sur le fichier sélectionné et lisez-le dans la fenêtre de
prévisualisation pour en vérifier l’intégrité.
9 Dans la fenêtre Lot, affectez des réglages et destinations au fichier sélectionné
si nécessaire.
10 Cliquez sur le bouton Soumettre.
La zone de dialogue correspondante est affichée.
11 Procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Choisissez le cluster souhaité dans le menu local Cluster.
 Sélectionnez la case « Inclure des services non gérés sur d’autres ordinateurs » pour
utiliser la fonction AutoCluster. Consultez la section « À propos d’AutoCluster et des
services non gérés » à la page 121 pour plus d’informations.
12 Cliquez sur Soumettre.
Important : pour de meilleurs résultats, vérifiez que Final Cut Pro est déjà ouvert sur
les ordinateurs du cluster. Apple Qmaster tente d’ouvrir Final Cut Pro si nécessaire mais,
si l’avertissement relatif à l’absence de périphérique A/V externe apparaît, Final Cut Pro
ne s’ouvre pas et ne peut pas être utilisé. De plus, lorsque vous utilisez la fonction
AutoCluster, sachez que soumettre un lot provoque l’ouverture de Final Cut Pro sur
les ordinateurs qui fournissent les services non gérés, ce qui peut surprendre une éventuelle personne utilisant l’ordinateur.
Pour exporter une séquence Final Cut Pro en tant que séquence de référence
QuickTime et la soumettre à Compressor pour le traitement distribué :
1 Assurez-vous que tous les fichiers multimédia sources et de rendu de votre projet
Final Cut Pro se trouvent sur un disque dur pouvant être partagé (monté) par tous
les ordinateurs du cluster qui doit traiter la tâche. (Les instructions suivantes prennent
l’exemple d’un disque de travail nommé Media1.) 130 Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots
Si vous copiez tous les fichiers multimédia sur un autre disque dur à cet effet,
vous devrez peut-être reconnecter les fichiers multimédia dans Final Cut Pro avant de
continuer.
Important : le disque dur que vous utilisez pour stocker les fichiers multimédia ne doit
pas faire office de disque de démarrage pour un ordinateur du cluster.
2 Dans Final Cut Pro, choisissez Fichier > Exporter > Séquence QuickTime.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue Enregistrer, assurez-vous que la case Film autonome n’est pas
cochée.
4 Enregistrez la séquence de référence QuickTime sur le disque dur (Media1) utilisé pour
stocker les fichiers multimédia à l’étape 1.
5 Activez le partage de fichiers sur l’ordinateur contenant le disque de travail (Media1).
(Dans la sous-fenêtre Partage des Préférences système, cliquez sur Services, puis sélectionnez Partage de fichiers.)
6 Sur chaque ordinateur du cluster, montez le disque dur (Media1) à l’endroit où se trouvent les fichiers multimédia et les séquences de référence QuickTime (dans la barre
latérale du Finder, cliquez sur Réseau, accédez à l’ordinateur contenant le disque
Media1, cliquez sur Se connecter, puis sélectionnez Media1.)
7 Dans les Préférences Compressor, spécifiez les réglages d’options de cluster :
a Choisissez Préférences Compressor > ou appuyez sur Commande + virgule ( , ).
La fenêtre des préférences s’ouvre.
b Choisissez « Ne jamais copier la source vers le cluster » dans le menu local
« Options de cluster ».
8 Importez la séquence de référence QuickTime dans Compressor (faites-la glisser du
Bureau vers la fenêtre Lot de Compressor).
9 Double-cliquez sur le fichier dans la fenêtre Lot et lisez-le dans la fenêtre de prévisualisation pour vérifier l’intégrité du plan.
10 Dans la fenêtre Lot, affectez des réglages et destinations au fichier sélectionné
si nécessaire.
11 Cliquez sur le bouton Soumettre.
La zone de dialogue correspondante est affichée.
12 Procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Choisissez le cluster souhaité dans le menu local Cluster.
 Sélectionnez la case « Inclure des services non gérés sur d’autres ordinateurs » pour
utiliser la fonction AutoCluster. Consultez la section « À propos d’AutoCluster et des
services non gérés » à la page 121 pour plus d’informations.
13 Cliquez sur Soumettre.Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots 131
Transcodage de différents plans à partir d’un fichier
multimédia source
Si vous avez un fichier multimédia source volumineux dont vous ne souhaitez transcoder que quelques sections, vous pouvez le faire en un seul envoi de lot.
Pour transcoder différents plans à partir d’un seul fichier multimédia source :
1 Ouvrez la fenêtre Lot.
2 Importez le fichier multimédia dans un lot autant de fois que c’est nécessaire pour
créer le nombre de plans voulu.
Une nouvelle tâche est créée à chaque importation.
3 Ajout de réglages à chaque tâche.
Un identificateur unique est automatiquement appliqué au nom des fichiers de sortie,
de manière à pouvoir facilement identifier chaque plan après son transcodage.
4 Pour ouvrir la fenêtre Preview, procédez comme suit :
 Cliquez sur le bouton Aperçu dans la fenêtre Lot.
 Cliquez sur l’une des cibles.
La fenêtre Preview s’ouvre.
5 Utilisez les boutons ou le menu local de sélection de lot pour accéder aux fichiers que
vous souhaitez transcoder.
Des identificateurs de
fichier uniques sont
automatiquement appliqués à chaque tâche.132 Chapitre 6 Finalisation de tâches et soumission de lots
Spécifiez le plan que vous voulez transcoder dans le premier fichier multimédia en pla-
çant des points d’entrée et de sortie, puis répétez l’opération pour chaque fichier multimédia suivant en définissant les plans à transcoder à l’aide de ces points. Vous pouvez
aussi utiliser les touches I (pour entrée) et O (pour sortie) du clavier pour positionner
les marqueurs là où se trouve la tête de lecture.
6 Retournez à la fenêtre Lot et cliquez sur le bouton Soumettre.
Consultez la section « À propos de la fenêtre Preview » à la page 304 pour de plus
amples informations.
Point d’entrée Point de sortie7
133
7 Création de fichiers AIFF
Vous pouvez utiliser Compressor pour produire de l’audio
au format AIFF.
Le présent chapitre décrit la production d’audio au format de fichier AIFF :
 Création de fichiers de sortie AIFF (p. 133)
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre AIFF Encoder (p. 134)
 À propos de la zone de dialogue Réglages audio (p. 135)
 Configuration des réglages AIFF (p. 136)
Création de fichiers de sortie AIFF
Le format de fichier AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format) a été développé par Apple
pour le stockage de données audio de haute qualité. Le format était destiné à la création de DVD et de CD et est désormais l’un des formats de fichier audio les plus couramment utilisés pour Mac OS. 134 Chapitre 7 Création de fichiers AIFF
À propos de la sous-fenêtre AIFF Encoder
Les options suivantes apparaissent lorsque vous choisissez le format de sortie AIFF dans
le menu local « Format du fichier » de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur de la fenêtre Inspecteur :
 Extension de fichier : ce champ affiche automatiquement l’extension de fichier aiff
une fois le format de sortie AIFF sélectionné dans le menu local « Format du fichier »
ou dans le menu local (+) de l’onglet Réglages. Ne modifiez pas ce champ.
 Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche : cette case vous permet de désactiver la segmentation de tâche. Comme la segmentation de tâche n’est pas utilisée pour
les encodages purement audio, cette case n’est pas activée avec le format de fichier
AIFF. Pour plus d’informations, consultez « Segmentation de tâche et encodage 2
passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.
 Réglages : ce bouton ouvre la zone de dialogue Réglages audio QuickTime. Utilisez
cette zone de dialogue pour sélectionner les codecs audio appropriés et modifier les
autres paramètres de compression audio. Consultez la section « À propos de la zone
de dialogue Réglages audio » ci-après pour plus d’informations.
 Résumé QuickTime AIFF : ce tableau affiche des détails complets pour ce réglage.
Champ Extension
de fichier
Tableau Résumé
AIFF QuickTime
Cliquez sur ce bouton
pour ouvrir la zone de
dialogue Réglages audio.
Choisissez AIFF.Chapitre 7 Création de fichiers AIFF 135
À propos de la zone de dialogue Réglages audio
Utilisez la zone de dialogue Réglages audio pour modifier les réglages de compression
audio des formats de sortie QuickTime et AIFF. Pour ouvrir cette zone de dialogue,
cliquez sur le bouton Réglages audio dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur Séquence
QuickTime ou AIFF.
Les éventuels réglages audio qui ne peuvent pas être modifiés restent inactifs. Certains
codecs audio vous permettent d’effectuer des réglages supplémentaires, qui apparaissent dans la moitié inférieure de la zone de dialogue Réglages audio. Dans certains cas,
un bouton Option devient accessible. Cliquez dessus pour procéder à des ajustements
auxiliaires.
La zone de dialogue Réglages audio contient les éléments suivants, avec différents
choix pour chacun, en fonction du codec audio que vous choisissez dans le menu
local Format.
 Format : choisissez le codec audio à ajouter à votre réglage.
 Canaux : choisissez le type de sortie de canal (mono ou stéréo) ou un type de sortie
multicanal, en fonction du codec.
 Fréquence : choisissez le taux d’échantillonnage que vous souhaitez appliquer à votre
fichier multimédia. Plus le taux d’échantillonnage est important, meilleure est
la qualité, mais plus le fichier est volumineux. Or, le téléchargement de fichiers volumineux est plus long et requiert une bande passante plus large.
 Afficher les réglages avancés : ce bouton demeure estompé, sauf si le codec sélectionné dans le menu local « Format du fichier » offre des options. Il est conseillé de
contacter directement les fabricants de ces codecs pour obtenir plus d’informations
sur les options supplémentaires offertes.
Choisissez le nombre de canaux (la
sélection varie en
fonction du codec).
Choisissez un débit
garantissant la
qualité et la taille de
fichier requises.
Choisissez un
codec audio.
Réglages propres au
format en fonction
du codec136 Chapitre 7 Création de fichiers AIFF
Tailles et fréquences d’échantillonnage audio QuickTime
Si vous disposez de l’espace disque et de la bande passante suffisants, il vaut mieux
ne pas compresser la composante audio. Les données audio non compressées utilisent
normalement des échantillons 8 bits (qualité téléphone) ou 16 bits (qualité CD).
Compressor prend en charge un maximum de 64 bits par échantillon en virgule flottante et une fréquence d’échantillonnage maximale de 192 kHz.
Choix d’un codec audio
AAC est un bon codec de diffusion audio polyvalent, compatible avec un large éventail
de périphériques de lecture. Pour de faibles bandes passantes sur des ordinateurs rapides, le codec QDesign Music (QDMC) est approprié à la plupart des cas, tandis que
le codec Qualcomm PureVoice est le meilleur choix pour les contenus exclusivement
vocaux. Concernant les ordinateurs plus lents, les CD-ROM et les bornes interactives,
le codec IMA est une meilleure option, car il fait moins appel aux ressources de l’ordinateur, ce qui permet à ce dernier de se focaliser sur le flux vidéo, plus exigeant.
Configuration des réglages AIFF
Lorsque vous choisissez le format de fichier de sortie AIFF, vous ne pouvez créer que
des réglages audio, car il s’agit d’un format exclusivement audio. Si vous souhaitez
ajouter un codec audio à votre préréglage AIFF, ouvrez la zone de dialogue Réglages
audio, puis choisissez les paramètres de votre codec audio.
Pour créer un réglage de codec audio AIFF :
1 Dans l’onglet Réglages, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Assurez-vous que le réglage correct est sélectionné.
 Créez un réglage en choisissant AIFF dans le menu local « Créer un réglage » (+).
2 Cliquez sur le bouton Réglages dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur AIFF.
La zone de dialogue Réglages audio s’ouvre.
Choisissez un codec audio
dans le menu local Format.Chapitre 7 Création de fichiers AIFF 137
3 Choisissez un codec audio dans le menu local Format, puis acceptez ses paramètres par
défaut ou personnalisez les autres réglages du codec audio (le format, les canaux, la fré-
quence d’échantillonnage et, si possible, les options). Consultez la section « À propos
de la zone de dialogue Réglages audio » à la page 135 pour obtenir plus d’informations.
Remarque : vous pouvez consulter les détails complets des paramètres de votre préré-
glage dans le tableau Résumé AIFF QuickTime de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur.
4 Cliquez sur OK pour enregistrer vos réglages et fermer la zone de dialogue.8
139
8 Création de fichiers de sortie
Dolby Digital Professional
Compressor offre les outils dont vous avez besoin
pour encoder (par lot ou pas) les fichiers audio AC-3
(Dolby Digital Professional).
Le format Dolby Digital Professional (également appelé AC-3) est un format audio comprimé très répandu pour les disques DVD-vidéo. Compressor accepte les fichiers audio
multicanaux dans différents formats et vous donne le contrôle complet sur le processus d’encodage AC-3. Les programmes Dolby Digital peuvent diffuser du son Surround
5.1 avec cinq canaux discrets (gauche, centre, droite, gauche Surround et droite
Surround), plus un sixième canal pour les effets basse fréquence (LFE), parfois appelé
« subwoofer ». Dolby Surround est une autre option Surround, avec quatre canaux
(gauche, centre, droite, Surround). Cependant, tous les fichiers audio AC-3 ne sont pas
au format audio Surround 5.1. Dolby Digital Professional est couramment utilisé pour
encoder des fichiers stéréo afin de réduire fortement leur taille.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur Dolby Digital Professional (p. 140)
 Informations générales sur la création de fichiers Dolby Digital Professional (p. 147)
 Conversion de fichiers audio stéréo au format Dolby Digital Professional (p. 148)
 Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio Surround (méthode manuelle) (p. 149)
 Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio Surround
(méthodes automatiques) (p. 152)
 Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio Surround à l’aide de droplets (p. 154)
 Options de mixage spatial (p. 154)
Remarque : l’encodage Dolby Digital Professional avec Compressor est disponible uniquement sur les ordinateurs équipés de Final Cut Studio. Si vous utilisez Compressor
avec le traitement distribué, Final Cut Studio doit être installé sur chaque nœud qui
procède à l’encodage Dolby Digital Professional.140 Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional
Pour obtenir des informations détaillées sur la création de fichiers audio de son
Surround, reportez-vous au Manuel de l’utilisateur de Soundtrack Pro. Si vous prévoyez
de créer des DVD à l’aide de DVD Studio Pro, consultez le Manuel de l’utilisateur de
DVD Studio Pro pour plus d’informations sur le flux de création de DVD. Pour en savoir
plus sur la création de fichiers audio de son Surround à l’aide d’autres formats de sortie,
reportez-vous à la section « Ajout de fichiers multimédia sources avec son Surround aux
lots » à la page 83.
Remarque : il est important de comprendre que Compressor ne peut pas utiliser des
fichiers stéréo pour en créer du son Surround 5.1. Si vous souhaitez créer un fichier
audio AC-3 Surround 5.1, vous devez d’abord créer les six canaux audio dont il a besoin.
Pour ce faire, vous devez utiliser d’autres applications que Compressor, telles que
Soundtrack Pro.
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur Dolby Digital Professional
Cette section contient des informations détaillées sur les différents onglets de la sousfenêtre Encodeur Dolby Digital Professional (AC-3) de la fenêtre Inspecteur.
Vous devez définir vos réglages Dolby Digital Professional à l’aide des onglets décrits
ci-dessous, en modifiant un réglage existant ou en créant un nouveau réglage dans
l’onglet Réglages. La sous-fenêtre Dolby Digital Professional, qui contient les éléments
décrits ci-après, s’ouvre par défaut avec l’onglet Audio actif :
 Extension de fichier : ce champ affiche automatiquement l’extension du fichier
Dolby Digital Professional (ac3) une fois que vous avez sélectionné le format de sortie Dolby Digital Professional dans le menu local « Format du fichier » ou dans le
menu local (+) de l’onglet Réglages.Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional 141
 Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche : cette case vous permet de désactiver la segmentation de tâche. Étant donné que la segmentation de la tâche n’est pas utilisée
pour l’encodage purement audio, cette case est désactivée pour le format de fichier
Dolby Digital Professional. Pour plus d’informations, consultez la section
« Segmentation de tâche et encodage 2 passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.
 Audio, Bitstream et Prétraitement : ces boutons permettent d’ouvrir les onglets Audio,
Bitstream et Prétraitement décrits ci-après.
Réglages de l’onglet Audio
L’onglet Audio permet d’accéder aux réglages Dolby Digital Professional les plus
importants.
 Système cible : Compressor limite les réglages disponibles à ceux qui sont appropriés
pour le système cible. Si vous procédez à l’encodage pour une utilisation avec
DVD Studio Pro, choisissez DVD Vidéo. Si vous procédez à un encodage destiné à une
application de création DVD Audio, choisissez DVD audio uniquement. Pour supprimer les limites des réglages, choisissez AC-3 générique.
 Mode de codage audio : spécifie les canaux audio du flux encodé. Ce réglage dispose
également d’un bouton Automatique.
Bouton Automatique du
mode de codage audio142 Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional
Par exemple, « 3/2 (G, C, D, Gs, Ds) » signifie trois canaux avant (gauche, centre,
droite) et deux canaux arrière (Surround). « 2/0 (G, D) » est essentiellement un fichier
stéréo standard. Le mode de codage audio a une incidence sur les réglages tels que
la bande passante disponible et le prétraitement des canaux Surround. Si vous cliquez sur le bouton Automatique (en regard du menu local « Mode de codage
audio »), Compressor détermine au mieux le mode de codage audio souhaité en
fonction des fichiers audio sources disponibles.
Remarque : dans le menu local « Mode de codage audio », « S » désigne un canal
« Surround » arrière unique, et dans cette illustration, « LFE » signifie Low Frequency
Effects (effets basse fréquence, également appelé « subwoofer »). Pour plus d’informations, consultez les sections « Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio Surround
(méthode manuelle) » à la page 149 et « Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio
Surround (méthodes automatiques) » à la page 152.
 Activer les effets de basse fréquence : cochez cette case pour inclure le canal LFE dans
le flux encodé (indisponible pour la monophonie 1/0 ou la stéréophonie 2/0).
 Échantillonnage : cette option permet de spécifier la fréquence d’échantillonnage.
Tous les fichiers destinés à la création de DVD vidéo et audio doivent être réglés sur
une fréquence d’échantillonnage de 48 kHz conformément aux spécifications du
DVD. Les fréquences d’échantillonnage de 32 kHz et 44,1 kHz ne sont disponibles
que lorsque AC-3 générique est le système cible.
canaux 3/1 canaux 3/0
canaux 2/2 canaux 2/1 canaux 2/0 canaux 1/0
(option LFE indisponible) (option LFE indisponible)
canaux 3/2
G C
LFE
LFE LFE LFE LFE
D
Gs Ds
G D
Gs Ds
G D G D
S
G C
LFE
D
S
G C
C
LFE
DChapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional 143
 Débit de données : les choix dépendent du mode d’encodage et du système cible.
Plus le débit est élevé, meilleure est la qualité. Le débit des flux AC-3 est stable.
À 448 kbps, la valeur par défaut pour l’encodage 5.1, une minute d’audio AC-3 nécessite environ 3,3 Mo d’espace de stockage. Pour l’encodage stéréo, les fréquences de
192 kbps et 224 kbps sont standard et donnent de bons résultats.
 Mode BitStream : détermine la finalité des données audio encodées. Les informations
figurent dans le flux final et peuvent être lues par certains systèmes de décodage.
 Normalisation des dialogues : cette option permet de spécifier le volume moyen du
dialogue, mesuré en décibels pleine échelle (dBFS, de l’anglais « Decibels of Full
Scale »), de vos fichiers audio par rapport à la modulation maximale. Le périphérique
de lecture utilise cette information pour maintenir un volume similaire sur différents
flux AC-3. L’objectif recherché est que le niveau d’écoute soit le même pour tous
les fichiers audio encodés en AC-3, quel que soit le fichier source.
Cela est particulièrement important pour assurer une utilisation correcte de la fonction Normalisation des dialogues lorsque vous enregistrez des fichiers audio diffé-
rents (avec des niveaux de volume différents) sur un DVD. Si vous connaissez
le niveau moyen de chaque fichier, tapez sa valeur dans le champ Normalisation
des dialogues pour chaque fichier. Par exemple, si le VU-mètre indique que le niveau
moyen du dialogue de votre séquence Final Cut Pro se situe autour de –12 dB,
tapez –12 dans le champ Normalisation des dialogues.
Remarque : cette normalisation s’effectue entre les flux audio du DVD. Elle n’a
aucun effet à l’intérieur de chaque flux audio. Pour ce type de normalisation,
utilisez un outil de montage audio tel que Soundtrack Pro.
Vous pouvez saisir des valeurs comprises entre –1 dBFS et –31 dBFS. La différence
entre la valeur que vous tapez et 31 dBFS (qui représente le niveau d’écoute normal
des dialogues) constitue l’ampleur de l’atténuation du volume audio source.
 Si vous tapez –31 dBFS, l’atténuation sera de 0 dB (31 dBFS–31 dBFS), ce qui n’aura
absolument aucune incidence sur les niveaux audio sources.
 Si vous tapez –27 dBFS, l’atténuation sera de 4 dB (31 dBFS–27 dBFS).
 Si vous tapez –12 dBFS, l’atténuation sera de 19 dB (31 dBFS–12 dBFS).
Plus le volume du fichier source est élevé, plus la valeur que vous saisissez est réduite
et plus le volume du fichier encodé est atténué au cours de la lecture.
Important : si vous avez l’intention d’utiliser l’un des préréglages de compression,
une définition correcte du réglage Normalisation des dialogues est cruciale. Les pré-
réglages de compression considèrent qu’une fois le dialogue normalisé, le volume
est réglé sur un niveau d’écoute normal de 31 dBFS. Les niveaux constamment situés
au dessus de cette valeur entraînent des distorsions du son et des niveaux inégaux.144 Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional
Si vous ignorez le niveau sonore du fichier source ou si, pour une raison ou
une autre, vous souhaitez vous assurer que l’encodeur Dolby Digital Professional n’a
aucune incidence sur vos niveaux sonores, saisissez –31 dans le champ Normalisation des dialogues, puis choisissez Aucun dans le menu local « Préréglage de
compression » (situé dans l’onglet Prétraitement).
Réglages de l’onglet Bitstream
Ces réglages sont stockés dans le flux terminé en vue d’une utilisation par le périphérique
de lecture. Conservez leur valeur par défaut, si vous avez une raison technique spécifique
pour les modifier.
 « Downmix du canal central », « Downmix de Surround » : si l’audio encodé dispose
de ces trois canaux, mais pas le lecteur, les canaux sont mixés dans la sortie stéréo
au niveau indiqué.
 Mode Dolby Surround : lors de l’encodage en mode 2/0 (stéréo), indique si le signal
utilise Dolby Surround (Pro Logic).
 Protégé par Copyright : cochez cette case pour spécifier que ces données audio sont
protégées par un copyright.
 Contenu original : cochez cette case pour spécifier que ces données audio proviennent de la source originale et non d’une copie.
 Informations de production audio : cochez cette case et remplissez les champs en dessous afin de spécifier la façon dont le contenu audio encodé a été mixé. Les périphé-
riques de lecture peuvent utiliser ces informations pour ajuster les réglages de sortie.
 Niveau de mixage des pics : spécifie le niveau du pic de pression sonore (SPL) (entre
80 dB et 111 dB) dans l’environnement de production où ce mixage a été masterisé.
 Type de pièce : permet d’indiquer des informations relatives au studio de mixage.Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional 145
Réglages de l’onglet Prétraitement
Les options de prétraitement sont appliquées aux données audio avant l’encodage.
À l’exception du réglage Préréglage de compression, conservez les valeurs par défaut
de ces réglages, sauf si vous avez une raison technique de les modifier.
 Préréglage de compression : spécifie l’un des modes de traitement de plage dynamique intégré au format AC-3. La valeur par défaut Compression standard pour films
doit uniquement être utilisée lorsque vous encodez un mixage original destiné au
cinéma. Dans la plupart des cas, vous devez choisir Aucun.
Important : si vous avez l’intention d’utiliser l’un de ces préréglages de compression,
il essentiel que vous définissiez correctement le réglage Normalisation des dialogues
dans l’onglet Audio. Les préréglages de compression considèrent qu’une fois le dialogue normalisé, le volume est réglé sur un niveau d’écoute normal de 31 dBFS.
Les niveaux constamment situés au dessus de cette valeur entraînent des distorsions
du son et des niveaux inégaux.
Remarque : si vous créez un DVD avec un son Dolby Digital Professional Surround 5.1
canaux, vous utiliserez « Compression standard pour films ».146 Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional
Général
 Désaccentuation numérique : permet de préciser si les données audio d’entrée ont
été accentuées au préalable et s’il est nécessaire d’annuler cette accentuation avant
l’encodage.
Canal LFE
 Filtre passe-bas : cochez cette case pour appliquer un filtre passe-bas 120 Hz au canal
LFE (Low Frequency Effects). Désactivez ce filtre si le signal numérique sur l’entrée
LFE ne contient pas d’informations au-delà de 120 Hz.
Canal bande pass. compl.
 Filtre passe-bas : cochez cette case pour activer un filtre passe-bas avec une coupe
près de la bande passante audio disponible qui est appliquée aux principaux canaux
d’entrée. Si le signal numérique sur les principaux canaux d’entrée ne contient pas
d’informations au-delà de la bande passante audio, vous pouvez désactiver ce filtre.
Compressor détermine automatiquement la bande passante disponible.
 Filtre CN : cochez cette case afin d’activer un filtre passe-haut CN pour tous les canaux
d’entrée, comme un moyen simple de supprimer les décalages CN. La plupart des élé-
ments audio mixés est déjà libre de décalages CN.
Canaux Surround
 Augmentation de phase de 90º : cochez cette case pour générer des flux AC-3 multicanaux pouvant être sous-mixés avec un décodeur externe à deux canaux afin de créer
une sortie compatible Dolby Surround.
 Atténuation du son de 3 dB : cochez cette case afin d’appliquer une atténuation de 3
dB aux canaux Surround d’une piste audio cinéma multicanal transférée vers un format home cinéma grand public. Les canaux Surround cinéma sont mixés à 3 dB de
plus que les canaux avant afin de tenir compte des gains des amplificateurs cinéma.Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional 147
Informations générales sur la création de fichiers
Dolby Digital Professional
Vous trouverez ci-dessous certains éléments dont il convient de tenir compte lors de
la configuration et de l’encodage de fichiers Dolby Digital Professional AC-3.
À propos des fichiers multimédias sources
Il est important de tenir compte de quelques directives lors de l’encodage de fichiers
de sortie Dolby Digital Professional à partir de fichiers multimédias sources.
En fonction du format, un fichier peut contenir un canal unique (mono), des canaux doubles (stéréo) ou plusieurs canaux. Compressor prend en charge Dolby Digital Professional
dans toutes ces configurations.
Les fichiers audio destinés à l’encodage Dolby Digital Professional doivent respecter
les règles suivantes :
 Tous les fichiers sources doivent être de longueur identique. Dans le cas contraire
Compressor définit la longueur du flux AC-3 pour qu’elle corresponde à celle du
fichier le plus long.
 Tous les fichiers doivent présenter une fréquence d’échantillonnage de 48 kHz
(requise pour les DVD).
 Les flux AC-3 doivent comporter un multiple de 1536 échantillons. Si ce n’est pas
le cas des fichiers d’entrée sélectionnés, Compressor ajoute du silence numérique
à la fin des fichiers.
Remarque : Compressor peut prendre en charge tout type de fichier source pouvant
contenir du son Surround et de l’audio haute résolution jusqu’à 64 bits par échantillon
(en virgule flottante), et des fréquences d’échantillonnage jusqu’à 192 kHz.
À propos de la prévisualisation des réglages de l’encodeur
Il n’est pas possible de prévisualiser les réglages définis dans la sous-fenêtre de l’encodeur Dolby Digital Professional. Si un appareil capable de reproduire le son Surround
est connecté à un port USB ou FireWire de votre ordinateur ou à une autre sortie de ce
dernier, vous serez en mesure d’entendre le son affecté aux différent canaux, mais il ne
tiendra pas compte des réglages tels que ceux définis dans Normalisation des dialogues ou Préréglage de compression.148 Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional
Important : étant donné que la sortie audio n’est pas une sortie Dolby Digital, la sortie
optique ne peut pas être utilisée pour vérifier le son affecté à chaque canal.
La seule méthode permettant de vérifier les réglages consiste à soumettre le lot et à
écouter les résultats. Si vous n’êtes pas sûr des réglages, utilisez la fenêtre Preview pour
faire un essai en encodant une partie relativement courte de la source.
Vous pouvez importer un fichier AC-3 en tant que fichier multimédia source dans un lot
Compressor. Compressor dispose d’un décodeur Dolby Digital intégré qu’il utilise pour
décoder les fichiers AC-3. Ce décodeur applique correctement tout réglage défini dans
la sous-fenêtre de l’encodeur Dolby Digital Professional, ce qui vous permet d’entendre les effets même si vous ne disposez pas d’un décodeur Dolby Digital externe. Vous
pouvez aussi transcoder les fichiers AC-3 dans un autre format.
Remarque : les fichiers AC-3 avec son Surround sont sous-mixés en stéréo si aucun
système externe reproduisant le son Surround n’est connecté à l’ordinateur.
Conversion de fichiers audio stéréo au format
Dolby Digital Professional
Suivez ces étapes pour encoder un flux Dolby Digital Professional (AC-3) stéréo (2/0 D,G)
à partir d’un fichier multimédia source stéréo.
Pour encoder un flux AC-3 :
1 Ajoutez des fichiers audio sources à la fenêtre Lot. (Pour obtenir des détails, reportezvous au chapitre 4, « Importation de fichiers multimédia sources », à la page 77.)
2 Enregistrez le lot en choisissant Fichier > Enregistrer sous (ou en appuyant sur
Commande + Maj + S), en saisissant un nom pour le lot, en sélectionnant un emplacement et en cliquant sur Enregistrer.
3 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes pour appliquer le réglage Apple approprié
de la catégorie Dolby Digital Professional au fichier audio source :
 Choisissez Cible > « Nouvelle cible avec réglage », sélectionnez un réglage et cliquez
sur Ajouter.
 Dans la fenêtre Lot, cliquez sur un espace vide de la tâche tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, choisissez Nouvelle cible avec réglage dans le menu local,
sélectionnez un réglage, puis cliquez sur Ajouter.
 Faites glisser un réglage de l’onglet Réglages jusque sur la tâche du fichier audio
source dans la fenêtre Lot.Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional 149
4 Vous pouvez à l’occasion apporter des ajustements au réglage de la sous-fenêtre
Encodage de la fenêtre Inspecteur. Consultez la section « À propos de la sous-fenêtre
Encodeur Dolby Digital Professional » à la page 140 pour plus d’informations.
Remarque : Compressor associe les canaux de manière intelligente. Voici quelques
exemples :
 Si vous importez un fichier source stéréo et que vous lui appliquez un mode de
codage audio mono 1/0 (C), le fichier fait l’objet d’un sous-mixage.
 Si vous appliquez un mode de codage audio Surround au fichier stéréo, les canaux
gauche et droit sont mappés sur les canaux frontaux gauche (G) et droit (D) et
les autres canaux du mode de codage restent silencieux.
 Si vous affectez un fichier stéréo au canal Surround avant gauche ou (arrière) gauche, Compressor sélectionne le canal de gauche et ignore le canal de droite.
5 Cliquez sur Soumettre.
Pour obtenir des informations sur l’encodage des fichiers avec son Surround,
reportez-vous à la section « Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio Surround (méthode manuelle), » ci-après et à la section « Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio
Surround (méthodes automatiques) » à la page 152. Consultez également la section « À
propos de la prévisualisation des réglages de l’encodeur » à la page 147 pour en savoir
plus sur la lecture des fichiers audio AC-3 avec Compressor.
Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio Surround
(méthode manuelle)
Suivez ces étapes pour utiliser la méthode manuelle d’affectation de fichiers audio
individuels aux canaux audio Surround.
Pour affecter manuellement des fichiers audio sources aux canaux d’un flux audio
Surround :
1 Pour importer les fichiers audio sources, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Cliquez sur le bouton « Ajouter du son Surround » de la fenêtre Lot.
 Choisissez Tâche > Nouvelle tâche avec groupe de sons Surround (ou appuyez sur
Commande + Maj + I).
 Cliquez sur le lot tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, puis choisissez
« Nouvelle tâche avec groupe de sons Surround » dans le menu contextuel.
L’interface d’affectation des canaux s’ouvre.150 Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional
2 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes pour affecter un fichier audio source à un canal
particulier.
 Faites glisser le fichier audio source du Finder vers l’icône d’un canal spécifique
(par exemple « G »).
 Cliquez sur l’icône d’un canal spécifique (par exemple « G ») et utilisez la zone de dialogue Ouvrir afin de localiser le fichier audio source destiné à ce canal.
Le fichier est désormais affecté au canal « G » (avant gauche).
3 Répétez l’étape 2 pour chacun des fichiers audio sources que vous prévoyez d’inclure
dans le flux Surround.
Remarque : si vous créez des flux audio Surround Dolby Digital Professional (AC-3),
vous n’utiliserez pas immédiatement tous les canaux répertoriés dans le tableau.
Consultez la section « Réglages de l’onglet Audio » à la page 141 pour un schéma des
modes de codage audio Dolby.
4 Une fois que vous avez terminé l’ajout des fichiers audio sources à l’interface d’affectation des canaux, cliquez sur OK.Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional 151
Le groupe de fichiers Surround apparaît comme un seul fichier multimédia source
Surround dans la fenêtre Lot et s’affiche également dans la fenêtre Inspecteur.
Remarque : vous pouvez cliquer sur l’icône d’un canal dans la fenêtre Inspecteur pour
changer le fichier qui lui est affecté.
5 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes pour appliquer le réglage Apple approprié de
la catégorie Dolby Digital Professional au fichier audio source :
 Choisissez Cible > « Nouvelle cible avec réglage », sélectionnez un réglage et cliquez
sur Ajouter.
 Dans la fenêtre Lot, cliquez sur un espace vide de la tâche tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, choisissez « Nouvelle cible avec réglage » dans le menu local,
sélectionnez un réglage, puis cliquez sur Ajouter.
 Faites glisser un réglage de l’onglet Réglages jusque sur la tâche du fichier audio source
dans la fenêtre Lot.
6 Apportez les ajustements nécessaires dans la fenêtre Inspecteur, puis cliquez sur
Soumettre.
Compressor crée un flux audio Surround AC-3. Consultez la section « À propos de la
prévisualisation des réglages de l’encodeur » à la page 147 pour en savoir plus sur la lecture de fichiers audio AC-3 avec Compressor.152 Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional
Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio Surround
(méthodes automatiques)
Compressor offre des techniques rationalisées d’affectation de canaux, qui vous permettent de gagner du temps.
Pour afficher des fichiers à des canaux Surround avec des codes d’identificateur
de canal :
1 Ajoutez le code d’identificateur du canal Surround cible au nom de chaque fichier
audio source. Reportez-vous au tableau ci-dessous pour la liste des codes d’identificateur de canal appropriés.
Par exemple, pour affecter un fichier AIFF au canal Surround gauche, renommez le
fichier comme suit : nomdefichier-Gs.aiff (où nomdefichier est le nom de votre fichier).
Remarque : il se peut que Mac OS X ajoute une extension de fichier telle que .aiff. Cela
n’interfère pas avec la méthode d’affectation de ce canal.
Cette procédure ne fonctionne que lorsque vous glissez-déposez des fichiers dans
la fenêtre Lot. Si vous faites glisser les fichiers sur l’icône de l’application Compressor,
il apparaîtront en tant que fichiers sources distincts, chacun dans sa tâche.
Remarque : si vous créez des flux audio Surround Dolby Digital Professional (AC-3),
vous n’utiliserez pas immédiatement tous les canaux répertoriés dans le tableau.
Consultez la section « Réglages de l’onglet Audio » à la page 141 pour un schéma des
modes de codage audio Dolby.
Affectation de canaux Code d’identificateur de canal
Canal avant gauche -G
Canal avant droit -D
Canal avant central -C
Canal Surround gauche -Gs
Canal Surround droit -Ds
Canal Surround central -S
Canal basse fréquence (subwoofer, LFE) -LFEChapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional 153
2 Faites glisser vers la fenêtre Lot les fichiers audio sources renommés.
Si les conditions suivantes sont réunies, Compressor réduit automatiquement le groupe
entier de fichiers en ce qui apparaît comme un fichier multimédia source Surround unique dans la fenêtre Lot :
 Les fichiers du groupe doivent être nommés correctement (voir tableau ci-dessus).
 Le nombre total de fichiers du groupe doit être inférieur à sept.
Les fichiers audio affectés à chaque canal sont affichés dans la fenêtre Inspecteur.
Remarque : vous pouvez cliquer sur l’icône d’un canal dans la fenêtre Inspecteur pour
changer le fichier qui lui est affecté.
3 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes pour appliquer le réglage Apple approprié de
la catégorie Dolby Digital Professional à la tâche du fichier audio source :
 Choisissez Cible > « Nouvelle cible avec réglage », sélectionnez un réglage et cliquez
sur Ajouter.
 Dans la fenêtre Lot, cliquez sur un espace vide de la tâche tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée, choisissez « Nouvelle cible avec réglage » dans le menu local,
sélectionnez un réglage, puis cliquez sur Ajouter.
 Faites glisser un réglage de l’onglet Réglages jusque sur la tâche du fichier audio
source dans la fenêtre Lot.154 Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional
4 Apportez les ajustements nécessaires dans la fenêtre Inspecteur, puis cliquez
sur Soumettre.
Compressor crée un flux audio Surround AC-3. Consultez la section « À propos de la
prévisualisation des réglages de l’encodeur » à la page 147 pour en savoir plus sur la lecture de fichiers audio AC-3 avec Compressor.
Affectation de fichiers à des canaux audio Surround à l’aide
de droplets
Vous pouvez rationaliser davantage le processus d’affectation des canaux en encapsulant dans un droplet la méthode « automatique » décrite ci-dessus.
Pour en savoir plus sur les droplets, reportez-vous à la section « Utilisation de droplets »
à la page 337.
Options de mixage spatial
Cette section contient des perspectives et suggestions supplémentaires pour l’utilisation des canaux dans un programme Dolby Digital Professional.
Utilisation du canal central
Dans un système multicanal, il existe trois moyens de centrer une image audio :
 Créez un « centre fantôme » (mixez le son à gauche et à droite de façon équilibrée,
comme pour la stéréo). Cette méthode est couramment utilisée, mais elle suppose
que l’auditeur soit assis juste entre les haut-parleurs (ce qui est impossible dans
une voiture et pas toujours le cas dans une maison). Le timbre du son n’est pas
le même qu’en provenance d’un haut-parleur direct, en raison des effets d’annulation croisée.
 Utilisez le canal central seul. Il en résulte une image centrale stable pour les auditeurs,
quelle que soit leur position. Pour éviter que l’audio ne soit trop nette ou trop étriquée, sa réverbération peut être étalée sur les canaux de gauche et de droite.
 Utilisez les trois canaux avant de manière égale ou dans des proportions différentes.
Cette méthode permet davantage de contrôle de la plage de largeur et de profondeur spatiale. Le centre fantôme peut être renforcé par des signaux supplémentaires
dans le canal central, opération qui peut être améliorée par l’étalement du signal dans
la paire gauche/droite. Cette méthode présente toutefois un inconvénient : le son
issu des trois haut-parleurs peut ne pas être fluide ou ne pas parvenir à l’auditeur en
même temps, ce qui entraîne un filtrage en peigne, des variations de tonalité ou
autres irrégularités. Pour palier ces problèmes, les signaux supplémentaires peuvent
d’abord être traités pour en changer le caractère spatial, le timbre ou l’intensité par
rapport au signal central principal.Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional 155
Utilisation de canaux Surround
De subtils effets Surround permettent d’améliorer de façon notoire la sensation de profondeur pour l’auditeur, par rapport à la stéréo conventionnelle. La musique populaire
tire souvent parti de l’utilisation créative du son Surround. N’en abusez pas toutefois.
Le principe de l’industrie cinématographique (ne pas utiliser les effets Surround comme
distraction par rapport à l’histoire) s’applique également au monde de la musique.
Limitations du canal LFE
Le canal LFE (basse fréquence) est un signal distinct avec une plage de fréquences
limitée ; il est créé par l’ingénieur de mixage et est diffusé en plus des canaux
principaux dans le mixage. Un filtre « anti-repliement » à 120 Hz dans l’encodeur
Dolby Digital Professional limite son utilisation aux deux octaves audibles inférieures.
Dolby recommande de limiter le signal à 80 Hz lors du mixage de votre son.
Dans la plupart des productions musicales (à quelques exceptions près, notamment
les fameux coups de canon dans l’ouverture 1812 de Tchaikovsky), le canal LFE n’est pas
nécessaire. Le signal LFE est également ignoré dans le processus de sous-mixage
Dolby Digital Professional, de sorte que les signaux de basse intense ne provoquent
pas de dégâts sur les petits systèmes stéréo. Prenez soin de ne pas inclure dans le canal
LFE des informations vitales qui seraient manquantes lors d’une lecture mono, stéréo
ou Pro Logic.
Étant donné que le canal LFE est distinct des autres canaux, sa capacité à fusionner
avec les fréquences plus élevées peut être modifiée par les filtres utilisés pour générer
le signal LFE. Pour garantir un signal audio cohérent, conservez le signal entier dans
les canaux principaux.
Évitez de créer un canal LFE pour les documents créés à l’origine sans ce canal. Les cinq
canaux principaux du format Dolby Digital Professional sont tous complets et le canal
LFE n’accroît pas la réponse en fréquence. Les décodeurs Dolby Digital Professional permettent une gestion des basses en dirigeant les fréquences faibles vers un caisson de
sous-basses ou d’autres haut-parleurs adaptés. Une piste LFE peut gêner la gestion
des basses.156 Chapitre 8 Création de fichiers de sortie Dolby Digital Professional
Adaptation de la lecture stéréo
Malgré la popularité des systèmes 5.1, il est conseillé de toujours effectuer une reproduction stéréo. Vous pouvez procéder de trois façons différentes :
 Préparez un nouveau mixage stéréo à partir des éléments multipistes d’origine
(à l’aide des sessions de mixage stéréo standard).
 Préparez un sous-mixage ajusté en studio à partir du mixage multicanal. Cette
méthode tire parti du travail de mixage de la version 5.1. Elle reste flexible dans
les proportions exactes de chaque canal représenté dans le mixage stéréo final.
 Laissez le décodeur générer un sous-mixage stéréo, à partir des formules prédéfinies
du décodeur. Les options de sous-mixage et les effets de contrôle de plage dynamique peuvent être prévisualisés et ajustés dans le studio de production, et une plage
d’ajustements est possible.
Vérifiez toujours le mixage sur un système audio bas de gamme afin d’évaluer sa qualité sur les systèmes de lecture les plus modestes.
Remarque : pour plus d’informations sur Dolby Digital Professional, consultez la section « Questions fréquences sur Dolby Digital Professional », disponible sur le site Web
de Dolby Laboratories Inc. : http://www.dolby.com (en anglais).9
157
9 Création de fichiers de sortie pour
flux DV
Compressor comprend les outils dont vous avez besoin pour
créer des fichiers DV.
Parce qu’il est peu coûteux et très répandu, le format vidéo DV est très apprécié pour
la capture et la distribution de vidéo en définition standard (SD).
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur DV (p. 157)
 Processus de transcodage DV (p. 158)
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur DV
Cette section contient des informations détaillées sur les divers réglages qui se trouvent à l’intérieur de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur DV de la fenêtre Inspecteur. Vous devez
définir vos réglages DV en modifiant un réglage existant ou en créant un nouveau
réglage dans l’onglet Réglages.
Les boutons Automatique
pour les valeurs Format,
Proportions et « Ordre de
trame »158 Chapitre 9 Création de fichiers de sortie pour flux DV
La sous-fenêtre Encodeur de flux DV contient les réglages suivants :
 Extension : ce champ affiche automatiquement l’extension de fichier dv une fois
le format de sortie Flux DV sélectionné dans le menu local « Format du fichier »
ou dans le menu local (+) de l’onglet Réglages.
 Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche : cette case vous permet de désactiver la segmentation de tâche. Pour plus d’informations, consultez la section « Segmentation de
tâche et encodage 2 passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.
 Format : vous avez le choix entre NTSC et PAL pour le format vidéo de sortie.
 Proportions : vous avez le choix entre 16:9 et 4:3 pour les proportions de la vidéo
de sortie.
Remarque : le format 16:9 utilise la vidéo anamorphosée.
 Ordre de trame : sélectionnez le champ « Première trame inférieure » (obligatoire
pour la vidéo DV entrelacée) avec des sources entrelacées ou Progressive avec des
sources progressives.
Processus de transcodage DV
La méthode utilisée pour transcoder votre vidéo en fichiers au format Flux DV à l’aide
de Compressor dépend de l’utilisation que vous comptez faire de ces fichiers. Les étapes essentielles sont les suivantes :
Étape 1 : Créez un lot
Comme pour toute opération de transcodage, vous devez commencer par créer un lot.
Étape 2 : Créez des tâches avec les fichiers audio source
Importez les fichiers vidéo source en les faisant glisser depuis le Finder jusque sur le lot
ou en choisissant Tâche > Nouvelle tâche avec fichier.
Étape 3 : Ajoutez des cibles avec un réglage DV à chacune des tâches
Chacune des tâches requiert au moins une cible ; dans ce cas, les tâches nécessitent
des cibles avec réglage Flux DV. S’il existe plusieurs tâches, il est plus facile de choisir
Édition > Tout sélectionner pour sélectionner toutes les tâches, puis de sélectionner
Cible > Nouvelle cible avec réglage pour appliquer le même réglage à toutes les tâches.
Étape 4 : Envoyez le lot en transcodage
Cliquez sur le bouton Soumettre pour lancer le processus de transcodage.10
159
10 Création de fichiers de sortie
H.264 pour appareils Apple
Compressor permet de créer des fichiers H.264 compatibles
avec iTunes. Ces fichiers peuvent être lus par iTunes sur un
iPod vidéo ou avec Apple TV.
L’efficacité de l’encodeur H.264 le rend particulièrement approprié pour la création de
fichiers de média destinés à être utilisés avec iTunes et les appareils qui y sont associés,
tels que l’iPod ou l’Apple TV. Compressor comprend des réglages prédéfinis qui, grâce
à la sous-fenêtre Encodeur H.264 pour appareils Apple, facilitent la création de fichiers
de média compatibles.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur H.264 pour appareils Apple (p. 160)
 Processus H.264 pour iPod et Apple TV (p. 164)
Pour en savoir plus sur la création de fichiers H.264 destinés à la création de DVD,
reportez-vous au chapitre 11, « Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour
DVD Studio Pro », à la page 165. Pour obtenir des informations sur la création de
fichiers H.264 en vue d’une utilisation dans un autre contexte que la création de DVD
(comme par exemple la vidéo Web), voir le chapitre 17, « Création de fichiers de sortie
QuickTime », à la page 237. 160 Chapitre 10 Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour appareils Apple
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur H.264 pour
appareils Apple
Cette section comprend des informations détaillées sur les éléments de la sous-fenêtre
Encodeur H.264 pour appareils Apple de la fenêtre Inspecteur. Vous devez définir vos
réglages H.264 à l’aide de cette sous-fenêtre, soit en modifiant un réglage existant,
soit en créant un nouveau réglage dans l’onglet Réglages.
Définissez vos réglages H.264 pour appareils Apple à l’aide des contrôles décrits ciaprès, soit en dupliquant puis en modifiant un réglage existant, soit en créant un nouveau réglage dans l’onglet Réglages de la fenêtre Réglages. La sous-fenêtre Encodeur
H.264 pour appareils Apple contient les éléments suivants :
 Extension : ce champ affiche automatiquement l’extension de fichier propre au format H.264 pour appareils Apple (.m4v) une fois le format de sortie H.264 pour appareils Apple sélectionné dans le menu local « Format du fichier » ou dans le menu
local (+) de l’onglet Réglages qui se trouve dans la fenêtre Réglages.
 Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche : cette case vous permet de désactiver la segmentation de la tâche. Elle n’est utile que si vous utilisez Compressor avec le traitement distribué et l’encodage multipasse. (La fonction Traitement distribué ne peut
être utilisée que sur les ordinateurs sur lesquels Final Cut Studio est installé.) Pour
plus d’informations, consultez la section « Segmentation de tâche et encodage 2
passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.
 Taille : ce menu local vous permet de sélectionner l’une des options de taille
suivantes :
 iPod 640 (VGA) : cette option permet de créer des fichiers de sortie vidéo d’une largeur d’image de 640 pixels.
 iPod 320 (QVGA) : cette option permet de créer des fichiers de sortie vidéo d’une
largeur d’image de 320 pixels.Chapitre 10 Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour appareils Apple 161
 SD Apple TV : cette option permet de créer des fichiers vidéo de sortie d’une largeur d’image de 640 pixels avec une plage de débit supérieure à celle de la taille
640 (VGA) utilisée par l’iPod.
 HD Apple TV : cette option permet de créer des fichiers de sortie vidéo d’une largeur
d’image de 1280 pixels.
 Proportions : utilisez ce menu local pour choisir la taille de pixel exacte du fichier
de données de sortie. Les options disponibles dépendent de l’option de taille (VGA,
QVGA ou 720p) que vous avez sélectionnée. Consultez la section « À propos des
proportions » à la page 163 pour plus d’informations.
Le réglage Proportions dispose également d’un bouton Automatique. Si vous cliquez
sur ce bouton, l’encodeur choisit les proportions qui correspondent au fichier vidéo
source.
Important : le mode automatique du réglage Proportions est capable de choisir
parmi une grande variété de valeurs pour mieux correspondre à la vidéo source
(avec les valeurs déterminées et affichées lorsque ce format de sortie est appliqué à
un fichier multimédia source). Pour les meilleurs résultats, il est recommandé d’utiliser le mode automatique pour le réglage Proportions.
Remarque : par défaut, la fonctionnalité « Contrôles d’images » est réglée sur
« Automatique ». Comme pour le réglage H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro, le « Contrôle
de resynchronisation » des « Contrôles d’images » ne sera activé que si le fichier
source est entrelacé.
 Fréquence d’images : utilisez ce menu local pour choisir l’une des six options suivantes :
 29.97 : utilisé pour la vidéo NTSC
 25 : utilisé pour la vidéo PAL
 24 : utilisé pour la vidéo PAL
 23.98 : utilisé pour la vidéo NTSC
 15 : utilisé pour la vidéo diffusée sur le web
Bouton Automatique
des proportions162 Chapitre 10 Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour appareils Apple
Le réglage « Fréquence d’images » dispose également d’un bouton Automatique.
Si vous cliquez sur ce bouton, l’encodeur choisit la fréquence d’images qui correspond au fichier vidéo source.
 Débit : utilisez ce curseur pour choisir le débit à utiliser pour la vidéo de sortie ou
saisissez une valeur dans le champ de texte. les plages disponibles dépendent du
réglage Taille. Le réglage à choisir dépend de l’utilisation que vous souhaitez faire
du fichier de sortie. Les débits élevés donnent des images de meilleure qualité,
mais les fichiers de sortie sont plus volumineux.
 Synchronisation des images : également appelée intervalle entre les images clés,
la valeur « Synchronisation des images » représente la fréquence d’insertion d’images clés dans le flux H.264. Plus cette valeur est faible, plus la vidéo peut être manipulée (par défilement) de manière fluide durant la lecture (les images clés sont plus
fréquentes). Plus cette valeur est élevée, plus la compression est efficace (les images
clés sont moins fréquentes). La plage disponible va de 2 à 10 secondes ; la valeur par
défaut est de 5 secondes.
Le réglage « Synchronisation des images » dispose également d’un bouton Automatique. Si vous cliquez sur ce bouton, l’encodeur choisit une fréquence de synchronisation des images appropriée pour le fichier vidéo source.
 Multipasse : semblable à l’encodage MPEG-2 à deux passes, l’encodage multipasse
offre la meilleure qualité possible. Si vous souhaitez un encodage plus rapide
(passe unique), désélectionnez cette case.
Remarque : si vous utilisez aussi le traitement distribué, il peut être également utile
de désactiver la segmentation de tâches (consultez la section « Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche » à la page 160). Pour en savoir plus, reportez-vous à la section
« Segmentation de tâche et encodage 2 passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.
Bouton Automatique
de la fréquence d’imagesChapitre 10 Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour appareils Apple 163
 Inclure l’audio AAC : utilisez cette case pour inclure une piste audio AAC stéréo dans
la séquence de sortie. Le débit de la piste audio sera de 128 kbps. La fréquence
d’échantillonnage sera de 44,1 kHz ou de 48 kHz, en fonction de l’audio d’entrée.
Marqueurs de chapitre et de podcast pour la sortie sur iPod
Les marqueurs de chapitre créés dans Final Cut Pro sont transférés à d’autres fichiers
de sortie qui peuvent être reconnus par QuickTime Player, iTunes (fichiers .m4v),
Final Cut Pro et DVD Studio Pro.
Vous pouvez aussi ajouter des marqueurs de podcast au fichier de sortie. Les marqueurs de podcast sont similaires aux marqueurs de chapitre (il est possible de leur
affecter une URL et une illustration), mais il n’est pas possible d’y accéder directement
avec le visualiseur. Ils sont destinés à fournir une fonction de diaporama à des podcasts audio. Pour obtenir des informations sur l’ajout de marqueurs de chapitre et de
podcast, consultez la section « Ajout de marqueurs à un plan » à la page 317.
À propos des proportions
L’option que vous choisissez dans le menu local Taille détermine la largeur du fichier
encodé. Celle que vous sélectionnez dans le menu local Proportions détermine sa hauteur. Compressor redimensionne verticalement la vidéo source pour qu’elle soit adaptée à la hauteur. Cela signifie que la vidéo source doit être anamorphosée (les objets
semblent étirés verticalement) en prévision d’un redimensionnement destiné à l’adapter aux proportions souhaitées. Si une vidéo qui n’est pas anamorphosée est réglée sur
des proportions autres que ses proportions d’origine, l’image du fichier encodé apparaît déformée à l’écran.
Important : si votre vidéo source est au format Letterbox, utilisez les proportions qui
correspondent à l’intégralité de l’image vidéo, bandes noires comprises, sinon vous
obtiendrez des fichiers de sortie déformés. Vous pouvez éliminer les bandes du format
Letterbox à l’aide de la fonction de rognage automatique. Pour plus d’informations,
consultez le chapitre 21, « Ajout de réglages de géométrie », à la page 287.
Les options suivantes sont disponibles dans le menu local Proportions :
iPod 640 (VGA) iPod 320 (QVGA) Apple TV SD Apple TV HD
4:3 (640 x 480) 4:3 (320 x 240) 4:3 (640 x 480) Sans objet
16:9 (640 x 360) 16:9 (320 x 180) 16:9 (640 x 360) 16:9 (1 280 x 720)
1,85:1 (640 x 346) 1,85:1 (320 x 173) 1,85:1 (640 x 346) 1.85:1 (1 280 x 692)
2,35:1 (640 x 272) 2,35:1 (320 x 136) 2,35:1 (640 x 272) 2.35:1 (1 280 x 544)164 Chapitre 10 Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour appareils Apple
Si le fichier de média source est un fichier NTSC DV ou HDV et que vous n’êtes pas sûr
de ses proportions, cliquez sur le bouton Automatique. Cette option analyse les proportions du fichier multimédia source pour déterminer les proportions idéales en pixels.
Processus H.264 pour iPod et Apple TV
L’efficacité et la qualité du format H.264 offrent un certain nombre d’options aux créateurs de vidéo destinée aux iPod et à l’Apple TV :
 Compressor propose deux tailles de vidéo spécialement conçues pour la lecture sur
iPod : iPod 320 (QVGA) et iPod 640 (VGA). Quelle que soit l’option choisie, les fichiers
de média de sortie pourront être lus par l’iPod et, dans les deux cas, l’image affichée
sur l’écran de l’iPod sera de bonne qualité.
 Si vous avez l’intention de regarder les fichiers de média de sortie sur l’iPod même,
vous pouvez utiliser la taille d’encodage iPod 320 qui crée des fichiers dont l’image
correspond à environ la moitié de celle obtenue en choisissant la taille d’encodage iPod 640.
 Si vous pensez que les fichiers de média de sortie seront affichés sur des écrans de
plus grande taille, dans iTunes ou sur un moniteur connecté à un iPod, utilisez plutôt la taille d’encodage iPod 640 qui offre une meilleure qualité.
 Si vous avez ajouté des marqueurs de chapitre à la vidéo à l’aide de la fenêtre Preview, iTunes utilise automatiquement le premier marqueur comme affiche. Si vous
avez affecté une image à l’un des marqueurs à l’aide de Compressor, le premier marqueur disposant d’une image devient l’affiche dans iTunes. Vous pouvez, si nécessaire, changer d’affiche dans iTunes. Pour en savoir plus, reportez-vous à l’Aide
iTunes. Consultez la section « Ajout de marqueurs de chapitre ou de podcast à un
plan » à la page 320 pour obtenir d’autres informations sur l’ajout de marqueurs de
chapitre dans Compressor.
 La taille d’encodage Apple TV HD permet de créer des fichiers vidéo dont la taille
d’image est environ quatre fois celle des fichiers obtenus en choisissant la taille
d’encodage iPod 640. Il n’est pas possible de lire ces fichiers sur un iPod et il se peut
que leur lecture ne soit pas fluide sur les ordinateurs Macintosh plus anciens.11
165
11 Création de fichiers de sortie
H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro
Compressor permet de créer facilement des réglages
H.264 spécialement configurés pour la création de DVD
haute définition.
Les DVD haute définition peuvent utiliser des fichiers sources encodés en MPEG-2 HD
ou en H.264. Aux débits des données utilisés par les DVD, le format H.264 est généralement deux fois plus efficace que le format MPEG-2. Cela signifie que vous pouvez utiliser un débit de données plus faible pour le format H.264 et obtenir la même qualité
(et des fichiers de taille plus réduite) qu’avec un encodeur MPEG-2, ou même obtenir
une qualité supérieure (et des fichiers de taille semblable) si le débit de données du
format H.264 est le même que celui utilisé pour le format MPEG-2.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro (p. 165)
 Flux de production H.264 pour DVD (p. 171)
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur H.264 pour
DVD Studio Pro
Cette section contient des informations détaillées sur les éléments de la sous-fenêtre
Encodeur H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro de la fenêtre Inspecteur. Vous devez définir vos
réglages H.264 à l’aide de cette sous-fenêtre, soit en modifiant un réglage existant,
soit en créant un nouveau réglage dans l’onglet Réglages.
Remarque : cette sous-fenêtre Encodeur particulière est dédiée à l’encodage de fichiers
H.264 pour la création de DVD vidéo au format haute définition (HD). Pour en savoir
plus sur la création de fichiers H.264 qui seront utilisés avec des produits Apple tels
qu’iTunes, un iPod ou Apple TV, reportez-vous au chapitre 10, « Création de fichiers de
sortie H.264 pour appareils Apple », à la page 159. Pour plus d’informations sur l’utilisation de H.264 pour d’autres objectifs, consultez le chapitre 17, « Création de fichiers de
sortie QuickTime », à la page 237.166 Chapitre 11 Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro
La sous-fenêtre H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro contient les éléments suivants :
 Champ Extension de fichier : affiche automatiquement l’extension de fichier QuickTime
(mov) lorsque le format de sortie H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro est sélectionné dans
le menu local « Format du fichier ».
 Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche : cette case permet de désactiver la segmentation des tâches. Elle n’est pertinente que si vous utilisez Compressor avec le traitement distribué et un encodage à deux ou plusieurs passes. (La fonction Traitement
distribué est limitée aux ordinateurs sur lesquels Final Cut Studio est installé.) Pour
plus d’informations, consultez la section « Segmentation de tâche et encodage 2
passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.
 Format vidéo : choisissez l’une des quatre options suivantes proposées dans ce menu
local. Ce sont tous des formats progressifs HD :
 NTSC : ce format, également appelé 480p, utilise une taille d’image de 720 x 480
et un format 16x9 anamorphosé à 59,94 ips.
 PAL : ce format, également appelé 576p, utilise une taille d’image de 720 x 576
et un format 16x9 anamorphosé à 50 ips.
 720p : ce format utilise une taille d’image de 1 280 x 720 et un format 16x9
à 59,94 ips pour le NTSC ou 50 ips pour le PAL.
 1 920 x 1 080 : ce format, également appelé 1080p, utilise une taille d’image de
1 920 x 1 080 et un format 16x9 à 59,94 ips pour le NTSC ou 50 ips pour le PAL. Chapitre 11 Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro 167
Le réglage Format vidéo dispose également d’un bouton Automatique. Si vous
cliquez sur ce bouton, l’encodeur choisit le format vidéo qui correspond au fichier
vidéo source.
 Fréquence d’images : choisissez l’une des options suivantes dans ce menu local :
 23.98 : utilisé pour la vidéo NTSC
 25 : utilisé pour la vidéo PAL
 29.97 : utilisé pour la vidéo NTSC
 50 : utilisé pour la vidéo PAL
 50.94 : utilisé pour la vidéo NTSC
Le réglage Fréquence d’images dispose également d’un bouton Automatique.
Si vous cliquez sur ce bouton, l’encodeur choisit la fréquence d’images qui correspond au fichier vidéo source.
Remarque : si vous choisissez un format dans le menu Format vidéo, le menu
Fréquence d’images est rempli automatiquement.
 Curseur et champ Débit moyen : choisissez le débit moyen à utiliser pour la vidéo de
sortie à l’aide du curseur ou saisissez directement une valeur. Bien que la plage disponible soit comprise entre 0,5 Mbps et 24,99 Mbps, les débits vidéo des DVD HD se
situent habituellement entre 7 Mbps et 15 Mbps pour le format H.264 et dépendent
du nombre de bits de votre DVD et de la nature de vos fichiers de média source.
Le format de fichier H.264 est deux fois plus efficace que le format MPEG-2 standard.
Cela signifie que vous pouvez utiliser un débit moins élevé pour obtenir la même
qualité ou obtenir une qualité supérieure au même débit. Consultez la section « À
propos des réglages Débit » à la page 170 pour plus d’informations.
Bouton Automatique
du format vidéo
Bouton Automatique
de la fréquence d’images168 Chapitre 11 Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro
 Curseur et champ Débit maximum : choisissez un débit maximum compris entre
0,59 Mbps et 29,4 Mbps. Vous pouvez aussi saisir tout nombre situé entre ces deux
valeurs dans le champ à proximité du curseur. Le débit maximum ne peut pas être
réglé sur une valeur inférieure au débit moyen. En règle générale, introduisez un
débit maximum supérieur d’au moins 1 Mbps au débit moyen, afin d’autoriser
les variations de débit et d’être ainsi conforme aux objectifs de qualité constante.
Important : pour assurer une compatibilité maximale avec les lecteurs DVD HD,
évitez de régler le débit maximum sur plus de 18 Mbps.
 Synchronisation des images : utilisez le curseur ou saisissez directement une valeur
pour choisir la vitesse de « Synchronisation des images » pour la vidéo de sortie.
Le réglage par défaut est de 2 secondes. Consultez la section « À propos du réglage
Synchronisation des images » à la page 169 pour plus d’informations.
 Multipasse : cochez cette case pour activer l’encodage multipasse. Semblable à
l’encodage MPEG-2 à deux passes, l’encodage multipasse offre une qualité optimale.
Pour des encodages plus rapides (une seule passe), désactivez cette case. Consultez
la section « Utilisation de l’encodage multipasse pour la création de DVD » à la
page 170 et la section « Segmentation de tâche et encodage 2 passes (ou
multipasse) » à la page 64 pour de plus amples informations.
 Inclure l’audio PCM : cochez cette case pour ajouter une piste audio PCM stéréo 16
bits d’une fréquence de 48 kHz à la séquence QuickTime de sortie. La plupart des
producteurs de DVD utilisent un réglage Dolby Digital Professional (AC-3) pour
l’audio, beaucoup plus efficace. Dans ce cas, vous pouvez désélectionner cette case
et vous assurer qu’un réglage Dolby 2.0 est appliqué à la tâche dans la fenêtre Lot.
Si vous cochez la case, que vous encodez le film H.264, puis que vous importez
le film dans DVD Studio Pro, la piste vidéo et la piste audio apparaissent comme
deux éléments distincts sous l’onglet Ressources, comme si vous aviez importé
une ressource vidéo et une ressource audio.Chapitre 11 Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro 169
À propos du réglage Synchronisation des images
Le réglage « Synchronisation des images » permet de définir un groupe d’images
(« Group Of Pictures » en anglais ou « GOP ») H.264. L’une des différences qui existent
entre l’encodage MPEG-2 et l’encodage H.264 est le fait qu’une image faisant partie
d’un groupe d’images peut faire référence à d’autres images que celles à côté desquelles elle se trouve, ce qui signifie que le décodeur doit stocker toutes les images de réfé-
rence éventuelles afin de pouvoir y accéder. La première image d’un groupe d’images
H.264 est une image I spéciale appelée image IDR (de l’anglais « Instantaneous decoder refresh ») qui a notamment pour effet d’effacer les mémoires tampons des images
de référence du décodeur.
Cela signifie que les images qui constituent le groupe d’images défini par le réglage
Synchronisation des images peuvent faire référence à n’importe quelle autre image du
groupe, mais pas à celles qui se trouvent en dehors du groupe. Il en résulte qu’un
réglage de synchronisation d’images plus long crée un plus grand groupe d’images,
contenant plus d’images disponibles pour le référencement, alors qu’un réglage plus
court donne lieu à un groupe d’images plus petit et à un nombre plus réduit d’images
auxquelles il est possible de faire référence.
Des images I, appelées images-clés de synchronisation partielle, sont ajoutées au
groupe d’images. Ces images I standard définissent un groupe GOVU (de l’anglais
« Group of video access unit »).
Important : afin d’assurer la conformité aux spécifications des DVD HD et à leurs exigences relatives à la longueur maximale du groupe GOVU, Compressor insère automatiquement une image-clé de synchronisation partielle toutes les 0,5 secondes.
FS PS
GOP
défaut de deux secondes
GOVU
défaut de 0,5 secondes
Synchronisation partielle
image-clé
PS PS
Synchronisation
des images
image-clé170 Chapitre 11 Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro
Utilisation de l’encodage multipasse pour la création de DVD
Pour vous assurer que tous les fichiers H.264 créés avec Compressor sont correctement
compilés en fichiers compatibles avec les DVD HD dans DVD Studio Pro, veillez à ce
que l’encodage multipasse soit activé.
Pour activer cet encodage :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Réglages.
2 Dans l’onglet Réglages, sélectionnez le réglage que vous souhaitez modifier. Vous pouvez également sélectionner un réglage déjà appliqué à un fichier de données source
dans la fenêtre Lot.
3 Ouvrez la sous-fenêtre Encodeur H.264 dans la fenêtre Inspecteur.
4 Cochez la case Multipasse.
À propos des réglages Débit
Lorsque vous déterminez les débits moyen et maximum pour la lecture de DVD,
n’oubliez pas de prendre en considération le débit de vos pistes audio ainsi que
le débit H.264.
Important : pour assurer une compatibilité maximale avec les lecteurs DVD HD,
évitez de régler le débit maximum sur plus de 18 Mbps.
Vous devez faire en sorte que la somme des débits audio et vidéo, moyens et maximum ne dépasse pas 30 Mbps, le débit maximum garanti par les lecteurs de DVD haute
définition. Étant donné que les formats audio compatibles avec les DVD utilisent
un débit constant (CBR, de l’anglais « Constant bit rate »), vous n’avez pas à vous préoccuper d’un éventuel débit audio maximum.
Par exemple, si vous utilisez de l’audio AIFF à 1,5 Mbps, vous devriez veiller à ce que
les débits vidéo moyen et maximum pour les DVD haute définition ne dépasse pas
28,5 Mbps. En règle générale, votre débit moyen sera inférieur à cette valeur (entre
7 Mbps et 15 Mbps). Le débit maximum doit toutefois être, lui aussi, inférieur à cette
valeur. Il est recommandé de ne pas dépasser 28,0 Mbps comme débit maximum afin
de conserver une marge d’erreur (par exemple, pour les flux des sous-titres).
Si vous utilisez un format audio comprimé compatible avec les DVD, tel que le format
Dolby Digital ou MPEG-1/Layer-2, il se peut que le débit audio soit relativement bas et
se situe entre 0,2 Mbps et 0,4 Mbps, auquel cas vous pouvez régler le débit maximum
sur une valeur environ 1 Mbps plus élevée. En règle générale, introduisez un débit
maximum supérieur d’au moins 1 Mbps au débit moyen, afin d’autoriser les variations
de débit et d’être ainsi conforme aux objectifs de qualité constante.Chapitre 11 Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro 171
Flux de production H.264 pour DVD
L’efficacité et la qualité de H.264 donnent lieu à un certain nombre d’options pour
les créateurs de DVD :
 Étant donné que le format H.264 est capable de produire une vidéo haute définition
(HD) à un débit de définition standard (SD), vous pouvez enregistrer 90 minutes de
contenu HD sur un disque DVD-5 ordinaire lisible sur les nouveaux lecteurs DVD HD.
 Les résolutions vidéo prises en charge par les DVD SD sont également prises en
charge par les DVD HD. Cela signifie qu’un DVD haute définition peut utiliser
un fichier de résolution vidéo HD pour son contenu principal, par exemple un long
métrage, puis utiliser des fichiers de résolution vidéo SD pour les fonctionnalités supplémentaires telles que les génériques et les documentaires de tournage.
 Les ressources H.264 doivent être progressives, si bien que les fichiers vidéo SD
entrelacés doivent être convertis en fichiers progressifs. Sinon, vous pouvez encoder
des fichiers MPEG-2 à partir des fichiers vidéo SD entrelacés, puis les ajouter à votre
projet DVD.12
173
12 Création de fichiers de séquence
d’images
Vous pouvez utiliser Compressor pour produire une séquence
d’images destinée aux applications de compositing
Ce chapitre décrit les séquences d’images que Compressor peut produire à partir
de vos fichiers multimédia sources :
 Création de fichiers de sortie de séquence d’images (p. 173)
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur de séquence d’images (p. 174)
 Définition de réglages de séquence d’images (p. 175)
Création de fichiers de sortie de séquence d’images
Le format de sortie Séquence d’images produit un ensemble de fichiers d’images fixes
représentant les images vidéo sources. Utilisez cet encodeur pour convertir un plan
vidéo en une séquence d’images à utiliser avec des applications de composition
incompatibles avec QuickTime.
Le format de sortie « Séquence d’images » prend en charge deux formats d’images fixes :
 TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) : le format d’image fixe TIFF est l’un des plus courants
et des plus flexibles qui soient, et a été développé pour créer un format de fichier
standard pour le stockage et l’échange d’images numériques utilisés dans la publication assistée par ordinateur. Il est compatible avec une grande variété d’applications
de composition et de traitement d’images.
 TARGA (Truevision Advanced Raster Graphics Adapter) : le format TARGA, aussi souvent
appelé simplement TGA, est un format d’infographie par quadrillage principalement
utilisé par les applications d’animation et vidéo.174 Chapitre 12 Création de fichiers de séquence d’images
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur de séquence d’images
La sous-fenêtre Encodeur de séquence d’images contient les éléments suivants pour
vous aider à créer des fichiers de sortie TIFF ou TARGA :
 Extension de fichier : ce champ affiche automatiquement l’extension de fichier tiff une
fois le format de sortie TIFF sélectionné dans le menu local « Format de fichier » ou
dans le menu local (+) de l’onglet Réglages. Ne modifiez pas ce champ.
 Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche : cette case vous permet de désactiver la segmentation de tâche. Elle n’est importante que si vous utilisez Compressor avec
le traitement distribué et avec l’encodage à deux passes ou multipasse. (Cette fonctionnalité est limitée aux ordinateurs sur lesquels Final Cut Studio est installé.)
Pour plus d’informations, consultez la section « Segmentation de tâche et encodage
2 passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.
 Type d’image : choisissez soit TIFF soit TARGA dans le menu local.
 Fréq. d’images (ips) : utilisez ce champ et le menu local pour saisir la fréquence d’images à laquelle vous souhaitez que les images fixes soient créées. Plus cette fréquence
est élevée, plus le nombre d’images créées est important et plus le fichier de sortie
est gros. Par exemple, si vous choisissez 30 images par seconde, Compressor crée
30 images pour chaque seconde de plan en cours de transcodage. Si vous choisissez
8 images par seconde, Compressor ne crée que 8 images fixes par seconde.
Choisissez Séquence d’images.
Choisissez le type d’image TIFF
ou TARGA.
Choisissez une fréquence
d’images dans le menu local
« Fréq. d’images » ou cliquez
sur le bouton Automatique.Chapitre 12 Création de fichiers de séquence d’images 175
 Créer un répertoire de sortie unique : cochez cette case pour créer un dossier de stockage des fichiers de sortie. Le nom attribué au dossier est celui du fichier multimédia
et les fichiers sont stockés dans ce dossier sous le nom image-nnn. Par exemple, si le
nom du fichier de sortie est test, le chemin d’accès est destination/test/image-nnn.
Si vous ne cochez pas cette case, les fichiers sont stockés au niveau supérieur de votre
dossier de destination et nommés nom_de_fichier-nnn au lieu de image-nnn. N’oubliez
pas que même à un faible débit de 8 images par seconde, un grand nombre de fichiers
est créé lors du transcodage dans ce format de sortie ; la création d’un répertoire de sortie s’avère donc être une bonne solution pour que vos fichiers restent organisés.
 Ajouter des zéros en tête des numéros d’images : cochez cette case pour ajouter des
zéros non significatifs aux numéros des images. Quand vous choisissez cette
méthode, tous les noms des fichiers TIFF comprennent plusieurs chiffres, comme
image-000001 (ou nom_de_fichier-000001 si ces fichiers ne sont pas stockés dans un
répertoire de sortie unique). Inversement, les fichiers TIFF adoptent des noms standard, tels que cadre-1 (ou nom_de_fichier-1 si ces fichiers ne sont pas stockés dans
un répertoire de sortie unique).
Définition de réglages de séquence d’images
Utilisez le format de sortie « Séquence d’images » pour transcoder un plan vidéo en
une série d’images fixes.
Pour créer un réglage de séquence d’images :
1 Dans l’onglet Réglages, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Assurez-vous que le réglage correct est sélectionné.
 Créez un réglage en choisissant « Séquence d’images » dans le menu local « Créer
un réglage (+) ».
2 Cliquez sur l’onglet Encodeur, puis choisissez « Séquence d’images » dans le menu local
« Format de fichier ».
La sous-fenêtre « Encodeur de séquence d’images » apparaît.
3 Choisissez le type d’image TIFF ou TARGA.
4 Saisissez une valeur dans le champ Vitesse (ips) ou choisissez une fréquence d’images
dans le menu local.
5 Cochez la case « Créer un répertoire de sortie unique » pour que vos fichiers de séquence
d’images soient stockés dans leur propre dossier à l’intérieur du dossier de destination.
6 Cochez la case « Ajouter des zéros en tête des numéros d’image » pour que les noms
de fichier de sortie de séquence d’images soient au format 0000nn.176 Chapitre 12 Création de fichiers de séquence d’images
Important : la fonction de destination distante de Compressor ne prend pas en charge
le téléchargement de séquences d’images vers une destination distante (serveur FTP).
Utilisez dans ce cas un logiciel de transfert FTP pour pouvoir télécharger la séquence
d’images vers des serveurs distants.
Consultez la section « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur de séquence d’images » à
la page 174 pour plus d’informations sur la sous-fenêtre Encodeur de séquence d’images.
Remarque : vous pouvez consulter le contenu actuel de votre réglage dans la sousfenêtre Résumé de la fenêtre Inspecteur.13
177
13 Création de fichiers de sortie MP3
Compressor fournit les outils nécessaires pour créer des
fichiers MP3 exceptionnels.
MP3 est un type d’encodage MPEG spécifique officiellement nommé « MPEG audio
layer 3 ». MP3 utilise le codage audio perceptif et la compression psychoacoustique
pour éliminer toutes les informations superflues (et notamment les parties de signal
sonore redondantes et inutiles que l’oreille humaine ne peut pas entendre de toute
façon). Le codage MP3 permet donc de réduire les données audio originales d’un CD
(dont le débit de données s’élève à 1 411,2 kilobits par seconde de musique stéréo) d’un
facteur de 12 (jusqu’à 112 – 128 Kbps) sans trop sacrifier la qualité sonore. Les partisans
du format MP3 prétendent que la qualité sonore n’est pas sacrifiée, toutefois les professionnels audio peuvent entendre la différence sur des équipements de qualité.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 Utilisations courantes du format MP3 (p. 177)
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MP3 (p. 178)
 Processus de transcodage MP3 (p. 180)
Utilisations courantes du format MP3
MP3 est une norme de fichiers audio compressés largement adoptée qui peut être
utilisée de différentes manières. En voici quelques exemples :
Musique
Presque tous les lecteurs de musique portables prennent en charge le format audio
MP3. En utilisant des débits plus élevés (256 Kbps, par exemple), vous pouvez créer
un fichier audio d’excellente qualité et de taille largement inférieure au format audio
non compressé.
Vous pouvez également ajouter des métadonnées au fichier, afin de pouvoir afficher,
lors de l’ouverture du fichier multimédia source sur de nombreux lecteurs (y comprisiTunes), les informations courantes telles que le nom de l’artiste, de l’album, etc.178 Chapitre 13 Création de fichiers de sortie MP3
Podcasts
Le large éventail de débits pris en charge par le MP3 en font le format idéal pour diffuser des podcasts de niveaux de qualité variés, permettant ainsi aux utilisateurs de choisir la taille du fichier et le niveau de qualité qui leur convient.
Remarque : pour profiter du plus grand nombre d’options lors de la création de podcasts audio améliorés, utilisez le format de sortie MPEG-4. Vous pouvez ajouter des marqueurs de chapitre et de podcast contenant des URL et des illustrations au fichier de
sortie. Pour plus d’informations, consultez le chapitre 16, « Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4 », à la page 225.
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MP3
Cette section contient des informations détaillées sur les différents réglages de la
sous-fenêtre Encodeur MP3 de la fenêtre Inspecteur. La configuration des réglages
MP3 s’effectue par l’intermédiaire de ces réglages, soit en modifiant un réglage, soit
en créant un sous l’onglet Réglages.
La sous-fenêtre Encodeur MP3 contient les réglages suivants :
 Extension : ce champ affiche automatiquement l’extension de fichier mp3, une fois
le format de sortie MP3 sélectionné dans le menu local « Format de fichier » ou dans
le menu local (+) de l’onglet Réglages.
 Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche : cette case vous permet de désactiver la segmentation de tâche. Comme la segmentation de tâche n’est pas utilisée pour
les encodages purement audio, cette case n’est pas activée pour le format de fichier
MP3. Pour plus d’informations, consultez la section « Segmentation de tâche et
encodage 2 passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.Chapitre 13 Création de fichiers de sortie MP3 179
 Menu local Débit stéréo : plus le nombre de kilobits par seconde (Kbps) en mono ou
en stéréo est élevé, plus la qualité des données audio est élevée et plus le fichier est
volumineux. Les débits les plus courants pour les fichiers MP3 stéréo se situent entre
128 Kbps et 192 Kbps. Les débits plus faibles sont plus adaptés aux fichiers sonores
contenant des enregistrements vocaux (plutôt que de la musique).
Voici quelques exemples de réglages et de leur utilisation :
 32 Kbps : qualité de radio AM, réglage adapté à un discours de qualité moyenne
 96 Kbps : qualité de radio FM, réglage adapté à un discours de haute qualité ou à de
la musique de qualité moyenne
 128 Kbps : adapté à de la musique de bonne qualité
 256 Kbps et 320 Kbps : adapté à de la musique de qualité proche d’un CD audio
 Utiliser le codage VBR : ce réglage fait varier le nombre de bits utilisés pour stocker
la musique en fonction de la complexité de celle-ci. Il permet de maintenir la taille du
fichier à un minimum.
 Menu local Echantillonnage : nombre de fois par seconde où les formes d’onde de
la musique sont capturées numériquement. Plus le taux d’échantillonnage est important, meilleure est la qualité, mais plus le fichier est volumineux. Ne sélectionnez pas
un taux d’échantillonnage supérieur à celui utilisé à l’origine pour stocker la musique, car vous risqueriez de gaspiller de l’espace. La qualité CD, par exemple, s’élève à
44,100 kHz, il est donc inutile de sélectionner un taux d’échantillonnage supérieur
lorsque vous effectuez un encodage à partir d’un CD.
 Menu local Canaux : si vous ne disposez pas de haut-parleurs stéréo ou si vos fichiers
audio sont monophoniques, choisissez Mono (les fichiers mono sont près de deux
fois plus petits que les fichiers stéréo). Si vous envisagez d’écouter vos fichiers MP3
sur un système stéréo, choisissez Stéréo.
 Stéréo joint : lorsque cette option est désélectionnée, vos fichiers MP3 contiennent
une piste pour le canal stéréo de droite et une piste pour le canal de gauche. Dans
de nombreux cas, les deux canaux contiennent des informations connexes. Lorsque
la case Stéréo joint est activée, un canal porte les informations qui sont identiques
sur les deux canaux, tandis que l’autre canal véhicule les informations uniques. À des
débits inférieurs ou égaux à 160 Kbps, cela peut améliorer la qualité sonore de vos
données audio converties.
 Réglages d’encodage avancé : sélectionnez cette option pour que Compressor analyse vos réglages d’encodage et la source musicale, afin d’ajuster les réglages pour
maximiser la qualité.
 Filtrer les fréquences inférieures à 10 Hz : le filtrage des fréquences inaudibles permet
de générer des fichiers moins volumineux, plus efficaces et sans perte de qualité
perceptible. 180 Chapitre 13 Création de fichiers de sortie MP3
Processus de transcodage MP3
La manière d’utiliser Compressor pour transcoder vos données audio en fichiers MP3
dépend de l’utilisation que vous souhaitez en faire. Les étapes de base sont les suivantes :
Étape 1 : Créez un lot
Comme pour tout processus de transcodage, vous devez commencer par créer un lot.
Étape 2 : Créez des tâches avec les fichiers audio sources
Importez les fichiers audio sources en les faisant glisser du Finder vers le lot ou en choisissant la commande Tâche > Nouvelle tâche avec fichier.
Étape 3 : Ajoutez des annotations (si nécessaire)
Si vous avez l’intention de lire les fichiers MP3 à l’aide d’un appareil ou d’une application telle qu’iTunes, vous pouvez ajouter diverses annotations, comme le nom de
l’artiste, le nom de l’album, le titre et d’autres, qui peuvent être lues et affichées.
Étape 4 : Ajoutez des cibles avec un réglage MP3 pour chacune des tâches
Chacune des tâches nécessite au moins une cible ; dans ce cas, les tâches ont besoin de
cibles avec un réglage MP3. S’il existe plusieurs tâches, il est plus facile de sélectionner
toutes les tâches, de choisir Édition > Tout sélectionner, puis Cible > « Nouvelle cible
avec réglage », afin d’appliquer le même réglage à toutes les tâches.
Étape 5 : Soumission du lot pour transcodage
Cliquez sur le bouton Soumettre pour lancer le processus de transcodage.14
181
14 Création de fichiers de sortie
MPEG-1
Compressor fournit les outils dont vous avez besoin pour
créer des fichiers transcodés MPEG-1 exceptionnels
MPEG-1 est une norme de compression internationale, développée par le groupe MPEG
(Motion Picture Experts Group). Elle permet de créer des fichiers vidéo de qualité VHS et
a été conçue pour prendre en charge la vidéo non entrelacée (progressive) de résolution
SIF (Standard Interface Format) en utilisant des débits relativement faibles Compressor
prend en charge des débits allant de 0,5 Mbps à 2 Mbps. Elle permet également de créer
des séquences audio compressées à un ou deux canaux.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 Utilisations courantes de MPEG-1 (p. 181)
 Spécifications de la norme MPEG-1 (p. 182)
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1 (p. 183)
 À propos des flux système et élémentaires (p. 186)
 Flux de production de transcodage MPEG-1 (p. 186)
 Configuration du format de fichier MPEG-1 pour une utilisation Web (p. 188)
 Configuration du format de fichier MPEG-1 pour une utilisation DVD (p. 189)
Utilisations courantes de MPEG-1
MPEG-1 est une norme largement adoptée, ce qui permet de nombreuses utilisations
différentes. En voici quelques exemples :
DVD, VCD et CD-ROM
MPEG-1 est le format de compression vidéo utilisé pour les titres vidéo CD (VCD) et est
compatible avec les titres DVD, car tous les lecteurs de DVD contiennent le matériel
requis pour lire les séquences MPEG-1. MPEG-1 est couramment utilisé pour la vidéo
distribuée sur CD-ROM. Son faible débit et la taille réduite de ses fichiers sont utiles
lorsque vous devez faire tenir plusieurs heures de vidéo sur un DVD et que vous n’avez
pas besoin de la qualité de diffusion fournie par le codage MPEG-2. Un DVD peut contenir un mélange de vidéo aux formats MPEG-2 et MPEG-1.182 Chapitre 14 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1
Sur le web
Dans la mesure où MPEG-1 a été l’une des premières normes de compression standard
largement répandue, elle présente l’avantage d’être compatible avec la plupart des lecteurs. Cela rend cette norme intéressante pour une utilisation sur le Web où il est
nécessaire d’associer une compatibilité maximale avec une qualité relativement élevée.
Audio seulement
Vous pouvez utiliser la compression audio MPEG-1 couche 2 comme alternative à
la compression Dolby Digital Professional ou DTS. Bien qu’il n’y ait pas de réglage
Apple, pour les fichiers MPEG-1 audio seulement, dans cette version de Compressor,
vous pouvez toujours en créer un vous-même au besoin. Pour plus d’informations,
consultez la section « Configuration du format de fichier MPEG-1 pour une
utilisation DVD » à la page 189.
Spécifications de la norme MPEG-1
Compressor prend en charge toutes les spécifications MPEG-1 pour la taille d’image,
la fréquence d’images, l’encodage vidéo et l’encodage audio.
Tailles d’images et fréquences d’images MPEG-1
Compressor peut générer de la vidéo au débit maximal (25 ips et 29,97 ips pour
les DVD, 23,976 ips, 25 ips et 29,97 ips pour le Web) avec des résolutions SIF qui dépendent de l’utilisation :
 Web : 320 x 240
 NTSC : 352 x 240
 PAL : 352 x 288
Bien que les résolutions NTSC et PAL correspondent à environ la moitié de la résolution
maximale de la vidéo MPEG-2, l’image remplit automatiquement la totalité de l’écran
lorsqu’elle est lue sur un lecteur de DVD.
Spécifications du format de fichier MPEG-1
L’encodage vidéo MPEG-1 utilise un processus très similaire à celui de l’encodage
MPEG-2 ; il applique plusieurs termes et réglages identiques. Dans Compressor,
les paramètres de codage sont définis de la façon suivante :
 Mode de codage : une passe
 Structure GOP : ouverte
 Motif GOP : BBIBBP
 Longueur GOP : 15 images pour NTSC ; 12 images pour PALChapitre 14 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1 183
Ces paramètres sont fixes et s’appliquent à tous les fichiers de sortie vidéo MPEG-1 de
Compressor. Consultez la section « Onglet GOP » à la page 209 pour plus d’informations sur les paramètres GOP (Group of Pictures). Consultez la section « Onglet Qualité »
à la page 204 pour plus d’informations sur le mode de codage.
Les fichiers de sortie MPEG-1 peuvent contenir des cadres flottants qui ont été forcés
sur des images spécifiques en plaçant des marqueurs de compression dessus. Ces marqueurs peuvent être soit ajoutés au fichier source à l’aide de Final Cut Pro, soit ajoutés
manuellement dans la fenêtre Preview. Consultez la section « Ajout de marqueurs à un
plan » à la page 317 pour plus d’informations.
Le format MPEG-1 ne gère pas les marqueurs de chapitre nommés.
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1
Cette section contient des informations détaillées sur les différents onglets de la sousfenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1 de la fenêtre Inspecteur. Vous pouvez faire vos réglages
MPEG-1 avec ces onglets, en modifiant un réglage existant ou en créant un nouveau
réglage dans l’onglet Réglages.
La sous-fenêtre de l’encodeur MPEG-1 s’ouvre avec l’onglet Vidéo par défaut en haut ;
elle contient les éléments suivants :
 Extension : ce champ affiche automatiquement l’extension de fichier MPEG-1 mpg
lorsque le format de sortie MPEG-1 a été sélectionné dans le menu local « Format de
fichier » ou le menu local (+) de l’onglet Réglages. Il est remplacé par m1v si l’onglet
Audio est désactivé ou par m1a si l’onglet Vidéo est désactivé.184 Chapitre 14 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1
 Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche : cette case vous permet de désactiver la segmentation de tâche. Elle n’a d’intérêt que si vous utilisez le traitement distribué (cette
fonctionnalité est limitée aux ordinateurs sur lesquels Final Cut Studio est installé).
Pour plus d’informations, consultez la section « Segmentation de tâche et encodage
2 passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.
 Onglets Vidéo et Audio : ces boutons ouvrent les onglets Vidéo et Audio décrits ci-après.
Onglet Vidéo
Vous pouvez utiliser l’onglet Vidéo pour définir des réglages liés au format vidéo.
 Case Activé : assurez-vous que cette case est cochée si vous souhaitez que le format
de sortie MPEG-1 inclue les paramètres de l’onglet Vidéo.
 Menu local « Fréquence d’images » : choisissez la vitesse de défilement de la vidéo que
vous êtes en train de coder.
 Avec l’option Web, vous avez le choix entre : 23,976 ips, 25 ips (vitesse PAL),
29,97 ips (vitesse NTSC) et Automatique.
 Avec l’option DVD, vous avez le choix entre : 25 ips (vitesse PAL), 29,97 ips (vitesse NTSC)
et Automatique.
Cliquez sur le bouton Automatique pour forcer l’encodeur à déterminer la fréquence
appropriée en choisissant celle qui est la plus proche de la source.
Remarque : l’utilisation de l’option Automatique avec des vitesses de défilement
source non standard peut entraîner des vitesses de sortie qui ne correspondent pas à
la vitesse de défilement vidéo prévue. Par exemple, une vitesse de défilement source
de 15 ips avec l’option DVD entraîne la sélection automatique de 25 ips (PAL). Si vous
prévoyez d’utiliser la sortie sur un DVD NTSC, vous devez choisir 29,97 ips comme
vitesse de défilement.
 Boutons d’utilisation : choisissez l’utilisation prévue des fichiers de sortie.
Bouton AutomatiqueChapitre 14 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1 185
 Web : force la résolution sur 320 x 240, indépendamment de l’option « Fréquence
d’images » sélectionnée.
 DVD : permet à la fréquence sélectionnée de déterminer la résolution. Avec une
vitesse de défilement de 29,97 ips, la résolution est de 352 x 240. Avec une vitesse
de 25 ips, la résolution est de 352 x 288.
 Débit : utilisez ce curseur pour choisir le débit à utiliser pour la vidéo de sortie,
ou bien saisissez une valeur directement dans le champ. La plage disponible étant
comprise entre 0,5 Mbps et 2,0 Mbps, la valeur à utiliser dépend de la façon dont
la sortie doit être utilisée. Les débits élevés donnent des images de meilleure qualité,
mais les fichiers de sortie sont plus volumineux.
 Pour les projets Web, choisissez le meilleur compromis entre qualité de l’image,
taille du fichier et temps de téléchargement.
 Pour les projets VCD, le débit vidéo recommandé est de 1,15 Mbps, avec un débit de
flux système (vidéo et audio multiplexées dans le même fichier) inférieur à
1,3944 Mbps.
 Pour les projets DVD, le débit vidéo standard est de 1,15 Mbps, le maximum autorisé
étant de 1,856 Mbps.
Onglet Audio
Vous pouvez utiliser l’onglet Audio pour associer des réglages au format audio.
 Case Activé : assurez-vous que cette case est cochée si vous souhaitez que le format
de sortie MPEG-1 inclue les paramètres de l’onglet Audio.
 Menu local Échantillonnage : choisissez la fréquence d’échantillonnage de l’audio
de sortie.
 48 kHz : requis pour une utilisation sur des DVD.
 44,1 kHz : utilisé sur les CD audio. Il s’agit de la fréquence d’échantillonnage la plus
répandue. 186 Chapitre 14 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1
 Boutons Canaux : indiquez si vous souhaitez créer une séquence audio de sortie sté-
réo ou mono.
 Menu local Débit : sélectionnez le débit à utiliser pour l’audio de sortie. Les options proposées sont les suivantes : 64 Kbps, 128 Kbps, 192 Kbps, 224 Kbps et 384 Kbps. Si des
débits supérieurs offrent une meilleure qualité audio, ils génèrent également des
fichiers de sortie plus volumineux.
Remarque : les valeurs 224 Kbps et 384 Kbps ne sont pas disponibles lorsque l’option
Canaux est réglée sur Mono.
À propos des flux système et élémentaires
Vous pouvez utiliser Compressor pour créer des flux MPEG-1 système ou élémentaires.
Flux système
Les flux système, également appelés flux multiplexés, associent les composants vidéo et
audio dans un même fichier. Ce type de flux est le plus souvent utilisé dans les applications Web.
Compressor crée automatiquement un flux système lorsque vous activez les onglets
Vidéo et Audio dans le même réglage.
Flux élémentaires
Dans les flux élémentaires, des fichiers distincts sont utilisés pour les composants vidéo
et audio. Certaines applications, telles que DVD Studio Pro, requièrent des flux
élémentaires.
Compressor crée automatiquement un flux élémentaire si seul l’onglet Vidéo ou Audio
est activé. Pour créer des flux élémentaires à partir de la vidéo et de l’audio, vous devez
utiliser deux réglages, un avec l’onglet Vidéo activé utilisant l’extension de fichier .m1v,
l’autre avec l’onglet Audio activé utilisant l’extension de fichier .m1a.
Flux de production de transcodage MPEG-1
Cette section vous propose des instructions de configuration de vos attributs MPEG-1
étape par étape, avant la création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1 avec Compressor. Configurez vos réglages MPEG-1 à partir de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1, soit en modifiant un réglage existant, soit en en créant un autre. Suivez les étapes ci-après pour
savoir comment utiliser le format de fichier de sortie MPEG-1.Chapitre 14 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1 187
Exemples de paramètres MPEG-1
Les paramètres que vous utilisez varient selon que vous procédez au codage pour
le Web ou pour un projet de DVD.
Codage pour le Web
Utilisez les paramètres suivants lors du codage de flux système MPEG-1 pour le Web.
Onglet Vidéo
 Vitesse : automatique.
 Utilisation : Web.
 Débit : le plus faible possible, tout en conservant une qualité d’image acceptable.
Onglet Audio
 Échantillonnage : 44,1 kHz.
 Canaux : stéréo avec les sources à deux canaux, mono avec les sources à un
seul canal.
 Débit : le plus faible possible, tout en conservant une qualité audio acceptable ;
utilisez des débits plus élevés lors de l’encodage audio stéréo.
Codage pour un DVD
Utilisez les réglages suivants pour configurer deux réglages lorsque vous encodez
des flux élémentaires MPEG-1 destinés à la création de DVD.
Réglage de flux vidéo élémentaire : onglet Vidéo
 Vitesse : 29,97 pour NTSC ou 25 pour PAL.
 Utilisation : DVD.
 Débit : 1,15 Mbps.
Réglage de flux vidéo élémentaire : onglet Audio
 Case Activé non cochée.
Réglage de flux audio élémentaire : onglet Vidéo
 Case Activé non cochée.
Réglage de flux audio élémentaire : onglet Audio
 Échantillonnage : 48 kHz.
 Canaux : stéréo avec les sources à deux canaux, mono avec les sources à un
seul canal.
 Débit : 192 Kbps ou 224 Kbps.188 Chapitre 14 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1
Configuration du format de fichier MPEG-1 pour une
utilisation Web
La procédure qui suit vous guide à travers la configuration du format de fichier de sortie
MPEG-1 pour une utilisation Web. Ce processus crée un flux système MPEG-1 unique.
Étape 1 : Ouvrez la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1 et choisissez les
paramètres Vidéo
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Réglages puis choisissez MPEG-1 dans le menu local « Créer un
réglage (+) ».
La sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1 s’ouvre dans l’Inspecteur, avec l’onglet Vidéo qui
s’affiche par défaut.
2 Nommez le nouveau réglage « MPEG-1 pour le Web ».
3 Cochez la case Activé.
4 Cliquez sur le bouton Automatique à côté du menu local « Fréquence d’images. »
Vous pouvez aussi choisir 23,976, 29,97 ou 25 dans le menu local « Fréquence
d’images » de la vidéo source.
5 Sélectionnez le bouton Web.
Cela permet de régler la résolution de sortie sur 320 x 240.
6 Utilisez le curseur Débit pour choisir le débit à utiliser ou saisissez directement
une valeur.
Activez l’onglet Vidéo.
Cliquez sur le bouton
Automatique ou choisissez une fréquence
d’images.
Sélectionnez Web pour
régler la résolution sur
320 x 240.
Sélectionnez le débit.Chapitre 14 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1 189
Étape 2 : Sélectionnez les paramètres Audio
1 Cliquez sur le bouton Audio dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1 pour ouvrir l’onglet
correspondant.
2 Cochez la case Activé.
3 Choisissez 44,1 kHz dans le menu local Échantillonnage.
4 Sélectionnez Stéréo si vous utilisez des sources audio à deux canaux et Mono pour
les sources audio à un seul canal.
5 Choisissez le débit à utiliser dans le menu local correspondant.
6 Cliquez sur le bouton Enregistrer (dans le coin inférieur droit de l’Inspecteur) pour
enregistrer ce réglage.
Configuration du format de fichier MPEG-1 pour une
utilisation DVD
La procédure qui suit vous guide à travers la configuration du format de fichier de sortie MPEG- destiné à une utilisation DVD. Ce processus crée deux réglages, un pour
la vidéo et l’autre pour l’audio, en créant des flux élémentaires.
Création du réglage Vidéo MPEG-1 pour DVD
La procédure qui suit permet de créer le réglage pour un fichier de sortie vidéo
MPEG-1 élémentaire.
Étape 1 : Créez le réglage Vidéo MPEG-1 pour DVD
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Réglages et choisissez MPEG-1 dans le menu local « Créer un réglage » (+).
Un nouveau réglage est ajouté à la liste.
2 Nommez le nouveau réglage « Vidéo MPEG-1 pour DVD ».
Consultez la section « Création d’un réglage entièrement nouveau » à la page 100 pour
plus d’informations.
Activez l’onglet Audio. Sélectionnez la fréquence
d’échantillonnage 44,1 kHz.
Sélectionnez le nombre
de canaux audio. Sélectionnez le débit.190 Chapitre 14 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1
Étape 2 : Ouvrez la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1 et configurez les réglages Vidéo
1 Cliquez sur l’onglet Encodeur, puis choisissez MPEG-1 dans le menu local « Format
de fichier ».
2 Cliquez sur le bouton Vidéo dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1 pour ouvrir
l’onglet Vidéo.
3 Cochez la case Activé.
4 Choisissez la fréquence d’échantillonnage correspondant à votre vidéo source
(29,97 ou 25) dans le menu local Échantillonnage.
5 Sélectionnez le bouton DVD.
La résolution de sortie correspond ainsi à la vitesse de défilement sélectionnée.
6 Utilisez le curseur Débit pour choisir le débit à utiliser ou saisissez directement une
valeur.
Pour les projets DVD, la valeur standard est de 1,15 Mbps, le maximum autorisé étant
de 1,856 Mbps.
Activez l’onglet Vidéo.
Sélectionnez la vitesse de
défilement.
Sélectionnez DVD pour
que la résolution corresponde à la vitesse de
défilement.
Sélectionnez le débit.
L’extension de fichier
devient m1v dès que l’onglet
Audio est désactivé.Chapitre 14 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1 191
Étape 3 : Désactivez l’audio pour le réglage vidéo
1 Cliquez sur le bouton Audio dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1 pour ouvrir l’onglet
correspondant.
2 Désactivez la case Activé.
Cela permet de régler l’extension de fichier sur m1v et de garantir que ce préréglage
crée uniquement un flux vidéo élémentaire.
3 Cliquez sur le bouton Enregistrer (dans le coin inférieur droit de l’Inspecteur) pour enregistrer ce réglage.
Le réglage « Vidéo MPEG-1 pour DVD » est enregistré.
Création du réglage Audio MPEG-1 pour DVD
La procédure qui suit permet de créer le réglage pour un fichier de sortie audio
MPEG-1 élémentaire.
Étape 1 : Création du réglage Audio MPEG-1 pour DVD
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Réglages et cliquez sur le bouton « Ajouter un préréglage » (+).
Un nouveau réglage est ajouté à la liste.
2 Nommez le nouveau réglage « Audio MPEG-1 pour DVD ».
Consultez la section « Création d’un réglage entièrement nouveau » à la page 100 pour
plus d’informations.
Désactivez l’onglet Audio.192 Chapitre 14 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1
Étape 2 : Désactivez la vidéo pour le réglage audio
1 Cliquez sur l’onglet Encodeur, puis choisissez MPEG-1 dans le menu local « Format de
fichier ».
2 Cliquez sur le bouton Vidéo dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1 pour ouvrir l’onglet
Vidéo.
3 Désactivez la case Activé.
Cela permet de garantir que ce préréglage crée uniquement un flux vidéo élémentaire,
et l’extension du fichier devient m1a.
Étape 3 : Configurez les réglages Audio
1 Cliquez sur le bouton Audio dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-1 pour ouvrir l’onglet
correspondant.
2 Cochez la case Activé.
3 Choisissez 48 kHz dans le menu local Échantillonnage.
4 Sélectionnez Stéréo si vous utilisez des sources audio à deux canaux et Mono pour
les sources audio à un seul canal.
5 Choisissez le débit à utiliser dans le menu local correspondant.
Les valeurs habituelles utilisées pour les projets DVD sont 192 Kbps et 224 Kbps.
Désactivez l’onglet Vidéo.
L’extension de fichier
devient m1a lorsque
l’onglet Vidéo est désactivé.
Activez l’onglet Audio. Sélectionnez la fréquence
d’échantillonnage 48 kHz.
Choisissez soit
Stéréo, soit Mono. Sélectionnez le débit.Chapitre 14 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-1 193
6 Cliquez sur le bouton Enregistrer (dans le coin inférieur droit de l’Inspecteur) pour
enregistrer ce réglage.
Le préréglage « Audio MPEG-1 pour DVD » est enregistré.
Création d’un groupe et d’une destination
Pour faciliter l’utilisation de ces deux préréglages MPEG-1 avec une source, vous pouvez les rassembler en créant un groupe de préréglages. Consultez la section « Création
de groupes de réglages » à la page 104 pour plus d’informations.
Pour faciliter l’utilisation des fichiers de sortie créés par ces préréglages dans
DVD Studio Pro, créez une destination qui garantisse que les fichiers de sortie vidéo
et audio aient le même nom, mais pas les mêmes extensions. Consultez la section
« Création de destinations à utiliser avec DVD Studio Pro » à la page 335 pour plus
d’informations.15
195
15 Création de fichiers de sortie
MPEG-2
Compressor fournit les outils dont vous avez besoin pour
créer des fichiers transcodés MPEG-2 exceptionnels
MPEG-2 est un standard international de compression, développé par le groupe MPEG
(Motion Picture Experts Group). Le format MPEG-2 vous permet de créer des fichiers vidéo
de qualité diffusion et a été conçu pour prendre en charge des vidéos à haut débit et à
haute résolution. Ce format de compression est celui utilisé pour les titres vidéo de haute
qualité sur DVD, la diffusion en haute définition et les systèmes de télévision par satellite.
Tous les lecteurs DVD disposent du matériel requis pour la lecture MPEG-2.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 À propos du format MPEG-2 en définition standard (p. 195)
 À propos des sources haute définition et de MPEG-2 (p. 196)
 À propos des flux élémentaires, des flux de transport et des flux de
programme (p. 197)
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-2 (p. 198)
 Flux de production de transcodage MPEG-2 (p. 216)
À propos du format MPEG-2 en définition standard
La norme MPEG-2 est définie par une fréquence d’images maximale (23,98 à 29,97 images par seconde) et une résolution plein écran (720 x 480 en NTSC et 720 x 576 en PAL).
Le MPEG-2 présente les caractéristiques suivantes :
 Prise en charge de la vidéo entrelacée : MPEG-2 prend en charge aussi bien la vidéo
entrelacée que la vidéo progressive. Comme les contenus MPEG-2 sont généralement lus à partir d’un lecteur DVD local plutôt que sur un réseau (où la bande passante est variable), la fréquence d’images est habituellement constante et la vidéo
semble d’une régularité parfaite.
 Non-prise en charge de la lecture en continu : le MPEG-2 n’est pas adapté à la lecture en
continu de fichiers vidéo sur le web, car il requiert un débit élevé (de 2 à 9 Mbps) pour
maintenir une qualité d’image acceptable. 196 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
Remarque : l’encodeur de Compressor peut créer des flux vidéo MPEG-2 pour le format DVD vidéo. La création de disques DVD vidéo requiert une application particulière, telle que DVD Studio Pro, qui doit être utilisée conjointement à Compressor.
À propos des sources haute définition et de MPEG-2
Compressor offre différentes options et différents flux de production pour le transcodage de fichiers source vidéo haute définition (HD) en fichiers MPEG-2.
HD sur DVD
Compressor peut générer des fichiers MPEG-2 pour la création de DVD HD (haute définition) à partir de données source HD ou SD (définition standard). Compressor peut
conserver les différentes tailles et fréquences d’images de la vidéo haute définition lors
du transcodage au format MPEG-2. En outre, Compressor prend en charge les débits
plus élevés requis par les formats de DVD HD. Pour plus d’informations sur la création
d’une sortie pour les DVD HD, consultez la section « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-2 » à la page 198 et le Manuel de l’utilisateur de DVD Studio Pro.
Remarque : l’autre format de fichier de sortie pour les DVD HD est H.264, également
appelé MPEG-4 Partie 10. H.264 est actuellement obligatoire dans les deux nouvelles
spécifications de DVD haute définition (DVD HD et Blu-Ray). Pour plus d’informations
sur la création de fichiers H.264 pour la HD sur DVD, consultez la section « Création de
fichiers de sortie H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro » à la page 165.
Conversion de HD en SD
Lorsque vous montez des sources haute définition (HD) dans Final Cut Pro et que vous
souhaitez créer un DVD en définition standard à partir de ces sources, utilisez les
moyens de conversion fournis par Compressor. Compressor conserve le maximum de
détails possible lors de la conversion et préserve les formats progressifs ou entrelacés
lors du codage en format MPEG-2 pour les DVD.
Pour afficher la résolution des données source et la vitesse de défilement :
1 Importez le fichier multimédia source dans la fenêtre Lot.
2 Cliquez sur le nom de la source dans la fenêtre Lot.
La résolution et la vitesse de défilement du fichier source, ainsi que sa durée, apparaissent dans l’angle inférieur gauche de la fenêtre Preview.Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 197
À propos des flux élémentaires, des flux de transport et des
flux de programme
Il existe trois types courants de flux MPEG-2 utilisés pour générer de la vidéo encodée
en MPEG-2 :
 Flux élémentaires : ces flux contiennent un seul canal de contenu MPEG-2 et pas de
données audio. Vous devez utiliser des flux élémentaires si vous souhaitez utiliser
votre vidéo encodée en MPEG-2 comme ressource DVD Studio Pro.
 Flux de transport : ces flux contiennent un seul canal de contenu MPEG-2 et ses données audio associées. Tous les canaux sont multiplexés, ce qui permet au destinataire de choisir le canal qu’il souhaite lire. Compressor prend en charge la création de
flux de transport à canal unique pouvant éventuellement inclure des données audio.
Les flux de transport peuvent également reprendre après une interruption, ce qui
les rend particulièrement adaptés aux applications de diffusion et de lecture en continu dans lesquelles le bruit ou l’encombrement du réseau peuvent provoquer des
interruptions.
 Flux de programme : ces flux contiennent un seul canal de contenu MPEG-2 et ses
données audio associées. Les flux de programme nécessitent une méthode de diffusion sans erreur et sont principalement utilisés pour le stockage ou le traitement au
sein d’un ordinateur.
Par défaut, l’encodeur MPEG-2 de Compressor crée des flux MPEG-2 élémentaires. Vous
pouvez cependant configurer l’encodeur MPEG-2 pour qu’il crée des flux de transport
ou de programme et décider s’ils doivent contenir ou non des données audio dans
l’onglet Compléments. Consultez la section « Onglet Compléments » à la page 211 pour
plus d’informations.
Remarque : tous les réglages d’utilisation de flux, à l’exception des réglages génériques, génèrent des flux élémentaires. Si vous sélectionnez l’un des réglages d’utilisation de flux et que vous configurez la sortie pour générer un flux de transport ou de
programme, l’utilisation de flux devient générique. Consultez la section « Utilisation de
flux » à la page 199 pour plus d’informations.198 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-2
Cette section contient des informations détaillées sur les différents onglets de la sousfenêtre Encodeur MPEG-2 de la fenêtre Inspecteur. La configuration des réglages MPEG-2
s’effectue par l’intermédiaire de ces onglets, soit en modifiant un réglage, soit en créant
un sous l’onglet Réglages.
La sous-fenêtre MPEG-2, qui contient les éléments décrits ci-après, s’ouvre par défaut
sur l’onglet Format vidéo :
 Champ Extension : affiche automatiquement l’extension de fichier MPEG-2 m2v automatiquement dès que le format de sortie MPEG-2 est sélectionné dans le menu local
« Format du fichier ».
 Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche : cette case permet de désactiver la segmentation des tâches. Elle n’est importante que si vous utilisez Compressor avec le traitement distribué et avec l’encodage à deux passes ou multipasse. (La fonctionnalité
de traitement distribué est limitée aux ordinateurs sur lesquels est installé
Final Cut Studio.) Pour plus d’informations, consultez la section « Segmentation de
tâche et encodage 2 passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.
 Utilisation de flux : ce menu local permet de choisir l’utilisation du flux MPEG-2.
Compressor modifie les options disponibles et la plage de débits en fonction de l’utilisation que vous choisissez dans ce menu local. Consultez la section « Utilisation de
flux, » qui suit, pour plus d’informations.
 Format vidéo, Qualité, GOP et Compléments : cliquez sur ces boutons pour ouvrir
les onglets Format vidéo, Qualité, GOP et Compléments. Les réglages de ces onglets
sont expliqués dans les sections suivantes.Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 199
Utilisation de flux
Le choix d’un réglage du menu local « Utilisation de flux » permet de s’assurer que
le flux encodé en MPEG-2 sera adapté à l’utilisation que vous souhaitez en faire.
Les options du menu local « Utilisation du flux » comprennent :
 Générique : l’option générique vous donne un accès complet à tous les réglages
MPEG-2. C’est la seule option qui prend en charge le format vidéo MPEG-2 640 x 480
en plus des formats vidéo SD et HD. C’est également la seule option qui prend en
charge la création de flux de transport et de programme. Elle prend en charge
la plage de débits complète comprise entre 2,0 Mbps et 40,0 Mbps.
 DVD SD : l’option DVD SD restreint les options d’encodage aux options admises par
la spécification DVD SD. Cela inclut les formats vidéo NTSC et PAL et une plage de
débits compris entre 2,0 Mbps et 9,0 Mbps.
 Blu-ray : l’option Blu-ray restreint les options d’encodage aux options autorisées par
les disques vidéo Blu-ray. Cela inclut les formats vidéo SD et HD et une plage de
débits compris entre 10,0 Mbps et 40,0 Mbps.
 HD DVD : l’option HD DVD restreint les options d’encodage aux options admises
par la spécification HD DVD. Cela inclut les formats vidéo SD et HD et une plage de
débits qui varie en fonction du format vidéo sélectionné.
 Pour les formats vidéo HD, la plage de débits va de 10,0 Mbps à 29,4 Mbps.
 Pour les formats vidéo SD, la plage de débits va de 2,0 Mbps à 15,0 Mbps.
Onglet Format vidéo
Utilisez l’onglet Format vidéo pour configurer les réglages liés aux formats vidéo,
aux fréquences d’images, aux proportions, à la priorité de trame et au timecode. Tous
ces réglages, sauf le timecode, peuvent être définis pour une configuration automatique en fonction des données vidéo encodées. L’onglet Format vidéo contient
les contrôles suivants :200 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
 Menu local Format vidéo : choisissez votre format de fichier de sortie vidéo parmi
NTSC, PAL, 720p, HD 1440x1080, HD 1920x1080 ou diverses versions de formats de largeur égale à 640. Les réglages « Utilisation de flux » déterminent lesquels de ces formats sont réellement disponibles. Lorsque vous choisissez un réglage Format vidéo,
les autres réglages de cet onglet sont remplis avec des valeurs par défaut ou ils sont
grisés, indiquant qu’il existe des options pour ce réglage. Les éléments NTSC et PAL
font référence aux réglages de définition standard pour les normes TV NTSC et PAL.
Concernant les principales régions d’utilisation du DVD, sachez que le format NTSC
est utilisé en Amérique du Nord et au Japon, tandis que la norme PAL est utilisée partout en Europe.
Normalement, le format vidéo de sortie devrait correspondre au format vidéo source.
Pour la vidéo entrelacée créée à partir de caméscopes traditionnels NTSC ou PAL,
choisissez NTSC ou PAL dans ce menu local. Si vous ne connaissez pas le format
vidéo de votre fichier multimédia source, vous pouvez choisir Automatique. Ce paramètre analyse la fréquence d’images d’un plan multimédia source pour déterminer
le format vidéo adéquat.
Si vous cliquez sur le bouton de format vidéo Automatique, la taille GOP est limitée à
12 ou 15 (en fonction du format de la vidéo, PAL ou NTSC) avec un modèle IBBP fermé.
Avec l’option Automatique sélectionnée, vous ne pouvez changer aucun des réglages
de fréquence d’images sous cet onglet, ou les réglages GOP sous l’onglet GOP. Consultez la section « Compréhension des types de GOP et d’images » à la page 211 pour
plus d’informations sur les GOP.
Remarque : comme le format MPEG-2 pour DVD met en œuvre des tailles d’images
vidéo fixes (cf. le tableau ci-dessous), Compressor introduit automatiquement
les dimensions de l’image de sortie dans les champs de la sous-fenêtre Géométrie
en fonction du format vidéo choisi.
Le format vidéo que vous choisissez détermine les options des caractéristiques associées, telles que la taille d’image et la fréquence d’images, les proportions et la priorité de trame.
Bouton Format vidéo
AutomatiqueChapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 201
Remarque : les dimensions normales de l’image d’une vidéo numérique NTSC en
résolution standard sont de 720 x 486. En conséquence, si vous souhaitez transcoder
un fichier source en utilisant le paramètre NTSC, celui-ci est rogné par Compressor afin
d’être conforme à la taille d’image MPEG-2 de 720 x 480, sauf si vous avez spécifié des
attributs de rognage pour votre préréglage. Dans le cas contraire, Compressor rogne
deux lignes de pixels à partir du haut et quatre lignes à partir du bas. Cet attribut de
rognage n’est que temporaire et n’est pas enregistré dans le réglage. Vous pouvez
visualiser les effets du rognage en double-cliquant sur le réglage dans la tâche pour
ouvrir la fenêtre Preview.
Format vidéo
Taille d’image
(en pixels)
Fréquence d’images
(images par
seconde) Proportions Méthode de balayage
NTSC 720 x 480 23,98 (progressive
uniquement), 29,97
4:3 ou 16:9 Entrelacée, progressive
PAL 720 x 576 25 4:3 ou 16:9 Entrelacée, progressive
720p 1280 x 720 23,98, 25, 29,97, 50,
59,94
16:9 Progressif
HD 1440x1080 1440 x 1080 23,98 (progressive
uniquement), 25,
29.97
16:9 Entrelacée, progressive
HD 1920x1080 1920 x 1080 23,98 (progressive
uniquement), 25,
29.97
16:9 Entrelacée, progressive
640x480 (1,33) 640 x 480 23,98, 25, 29,97 4:3 ou 16:9 Entrelacée, progressive
640x360 (1,78) 640 x 360 23,98, 25, 29,97 4:3 ou 16:9 Entrelacée, progressive
640x352 (1,82) 640 x 352 23,98, 25, 29,97 4:3 ou 16:9 Entrelacée, progressive
640x384 (1,67) 640 x 384 23,98, 25, 29,97 4:3 ou 16:9 Entrelacée, progressive
640x320 (2,00) 640 x 320 23,98, 25, 29,97 4:3 ou 16:9 Entrelacée, progressive202 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
 Menu local « Fréquence d’image » : choisissez la fréquence d’image prévue pour le
fichier de sortie MPEG-2. Les films et certains caméscopes récents créent des contenus progressifs à 24 images par seconde (ou à 23,98 images par seconde avec la
variante NTSC). Bien que le terme « 24p » implique une vidéo avec une fréquence
d’images de 24 ips, la fréquence d’images est généralement de 23,976 ips (arrondie
à 23,98) ips. Pour transcoder ces sources pour la lecture de DVD sur des téléviseurs
NTSC, choisissez le réglage 23,98. Consultez la section « Environ 24p (23,98p) » à la
page 204 pour plus d’informations.
 Menu local Proportions : choisissez les proportions de votre fichier vidéo. Le paramètre
par défaut est 4:3 et l’option 16:9 est utilisée pour les DVD anamorphosés. Ces proportions déterminent la manière dont l’image remplit l’écran de la télévision. Un DVD en
16:9 (grand écran) vu sur une télévision classique 4:3 s’affiche au format boîte aux lettres (bandes noires en haut et en bas de l’écran). Au contraire, un DVD grand écran vu
sur une télévision 16:9 (grand écran) résulte en un remplissage complet de l’écran.
À propos des fréquences d’image NTSC
La fréquence de défilement généralement indiquée pour le format NTSC est de
29,97 images par seconde. De la même manière, la « version NTSC » à 24 images par
seconde est mentionnée à la place de la version à 23,98 images par seconde. Ces
deux nombres (29,97 et 23,98) sont des approximations des valeurs réelles 30/1,001
et 24/1,001, c’est-à-dire respectivement 29,97003 et 23,97602 avec plus de décimales.
Ces valeurs montrent que 29,97 est une approximation relativement bonne de
30/1,001 (décalage de 3 images seulement pour 100 000 secondes), mais que 23,976
serait nettement mieux que 23.98. En fait, même si la valeur 23,98 est utilisée par
commodité dans l’Aide Compressor et dans l’interface utilisateurde Compressor,
une précision supérieure ou égale à 23,976 est gérée en interne dans Compressor
QuickTime et généralement dans QuickTime également.Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 203
 Menu local « Priorité de trame » : choisissez si ce sera la première ou la dernière trame
de votre fichier multimédia source entrelacé qui sera prioritaire (la première) dans le
fichier vidéo de sortie MPEG-2. Si vous choisissez Automatique (par défaut), Compressor
analyse la vidéo source et essaie de déterminer automatiquement quelle est la trame
prioritaire. La trame prioritaire des vidéos sources DV est la trame inférieure. Ce réglage
ne concerne pas le format vidéo 720p, car ce format doit être progressif.
Remarque : pour la vidéo entrelacée, la première trame est également appelée trame
supérieure ou impaire, tandis que la dernière trame est également appelée trame
inférieure ou paire.
 Champ et case à cocher « Choisir le timecode de départ » : si vous ne sélectionnez pas
cette case (état par défaut), Compressor incorpore le timecode existant du fichier
multimédia source au fichier multimédia de sortie. Toutefois, en cochant cette case
vous pouvez écraser le timecode existant et en introduire un nouveau dans le champ
contigu. Ce champ reste inactif tant que la case n’est pas cochée, et s’il n’est pas rempli, le fichier multimédia de sortie utilise le timecode par défaut 00:00:00:00.
 Case à cocher Drop frame : si vous avez déjà coché la case « Choisir le timecode de
départ » et que vous souhaitez un timecode Drop Frame (plutôt que Non-Drop
Frame), vous devez également cocher cette case.
Le timecode est un système de numérotation pour l’étiquetage des images dans
une séquence vidéo. Dans le cas des vidéos à 30 images par seconde, le timecode
fonctionne avec un compteur d’images, qui compte de 0 à 29 puis incrémente
le compteur de secondes avant de revenir à 0. Ce type de timecode, également connu
sous le nom de timecode 30 images, maintient dans ce cas une mesure précise du
temps écoulé. Cependant, dans le cas des vidéos NTSC, la fréquence d’images est
égale à 29,97 images par seconde. Un timecode en temps réel a donc été conçu pour
fournir des mesures plus précises du temps écoulé. Le timecode en temps réel saute
les images 0 et 1 de chaque nouvelle minute, sauf toutes les 10 minutes. Par exemple,
le timecode en temps réel 01:08:59;29 est suivi de 01:09:00;02, car les timecodes
01:09:00;00 et 01:09:00;01 ont été sautés.
Remarque : le timecode en temps réel ne s’applique que si vous utilisez des vidéos
NTSC entrelacées.204 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
Onglet Qualité
L’onglet Qualité permet de définir le débit de votre vidéo, afin de pouvoir la transcoder
à une taille et à une qualité convenables.
Outre les contrôles, l’angle inférieur droit affiche une estimation du nombre de minutes de vidéo pouvant tenir sur un DVD de 4,7 Go en tenant compte des paramètres
actuels. Cette durée suppose l’utilisation d’un flux audio AIFF avec le flux MPEG-2.
Environ 24p (23,98p)
Pour la création et l’encodage de DVD, le format 24P se réfère à une séquence vidéo
qui contient 24 images progressives (non entrelacées) par seconde, avec une résolution d’image standard de type NTSC (720 x 480 pour le MPEG-2). La fréquence d’images naturelle des films est de 24 images par seconde, et comme le format MPEG-2 est
capable de représenter en interne des vidéos à cette fréquence, de nombreux films
DVD commerciaux sont encodés à l’aide de cette méthode. Cependant, chaque fois
que vous utilisez de la vidéo NTSC dans votre projet, la fréquence d’images des données transférées à partir d’un film est ralentie de 24 ips à 23,976 ips (arrondi à 23,98)
et un pulldown 2:3:2:3 est ajouté. Ainsi, le terme plus précis est en fait « 23,98p ».
Compressor peut également effectuer cette opération pour les fichiers vidéo sources
24p. Pour ce type de fichiers, l’option de fréquence d’images 23,98 (sous l’onglet Format vidéo) compresse une par une chaque image source, sans compresser les images ou les trames qui se répètent, dans le but d’obtenir une fréquence d’images de
29,97 images par seconde. Avec un taux de compression inférieur, le résultat obtenu
est de meilleure qualité que si le fichier avait été converti à 29,97 images par seconde
avant le transcodage. Compressor définit en outre convenablement les indicateurs
d’images MPEG-2 internes, ce qui permet aux lecteurs DVD d’appliquer de manière
appropriée le processus pulldown 3:2 pour l’affichage de 29,97 images entrelacées
par seconde sur des télévisions NTSC.
Remarque : si la fréquence d’images de votre vidéo source est de 24,00 images par
seconde au lieu de 23,98, Compressor saute une image toutes les 1000 images source.
Au contraire, lorsque la fréquence de la vidéo source 24P est de 23,98 images par
seconde, Compressor transcode toutes les images sources, sans en sauter ou en répé-
ter aucune.Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 205
L’onglet Qualité contient les contrôles suivants :
 Menu local Mode : vous permet de choisir l’un des modes d’encodage MPEG-2 ciaprès. Les modes haute définition (HD) sont « VBR 1 passe optimal » et « VBR 2 passes optimal ».
 CBR une passe : si vous utilisez ce mode, le débit du flux vidéo MPEG-2 de sortie est
maintenu à un taux à peu près constant d’un GOP à l’autre. Ce mode d’encodage
MPEG-2 est le plus rapide de Compressor et permet d’obtenir une qualité finale
bonne, voire très bonne, notamment à des débits compris entre 5 et 9 Mbps.
 VBR une passe : ce mode d’encodage VBR (débit variable) a pour but d’assurer
une qualité constante (au détriment d’un débit constant) du fichier vidéo transcodé. Ainsi, dans les scènes très détaillées ou en mouvement rapide, Compressor
autorise un débit supérieur à celui des séquences moins détaillées ou fixes du flux
vidéo. Malgré cette variation de débit, Compressor veille à ce que le débit moyen
soit conforme à la valeur que vous avez spécifiée et à ce que le débit maximum ne
soit pas dépassé. Contrairement au mode à deux passes, ce mode ne permet pas
de parcourir la totalité du média source avant son transcodage, ce qui entraîne
une distribution de débit moins optimisée que celle obtenue avec un débit variable à deux passes. Néanmoins, pour la plupart des fichiers de données en définition standard (SD) à des débits de 3,5 Mbits et plus, la qualité finale est bonne ou
excellente et le transcodage est rapide.
Menu local Mode
Estimation de la durée pour un disque
de 4,7 Go avec un flux audio AIFF stéréo
Menu local « Estimation
d’animation »206 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
 VBR 1 passe optimal : cette option est similaire au mode VBR à une passe,
mais dans ce mode, Compressor donne la priorité à ses processus décisionnels
internes. Malgré un transcodage plus lent dans ce mode qu’en VBR 1 passe, la qualité vidéo SD finale à des débits de 3 à 3,5 Mbits/s et au-delà est excellente,
voire exceptionnelle. Les débits en MPEG-2 HD peuvent aller de 10 à 29 Mbps en
moyenne, de 12 à 29 Mbps au maximum. Comparé au mode VBR 1 passe, ce mode
offre une meilleure qualité, notamment avec des données difficiles à traiter à de
faibles débits.
Remarque : pour les flux courts d’une ou deux minutes tout au plus, la précision du
débit peut être réduite de 10 à 30 % quel que soit le mode précédent utilisé.
 VBR 2 passes : dans ce mode, Compressor lit deux fois l’ensemble du fichier vidéo
source. Durant la première passe, Compressor analyse entièrement le flux vidéo
source avant de le transcoder dans le but de déterminer le degré de difficulté de
l’encodage de chaque scène. Il crée ensuite un plan de distribution de débit qui
affecte le débit le plus rapide aux scènes les plus complexes et le débit le plus lent
aux scènes les plus simples, en veillant à obtenir un débit moyen conforme
à la valeur indiquée sans dépasser le débit maximum spécifié. Lors de la deuxième
passe, Compressor procède à la compression, en créant le fichier vidéo de sortie
MPEG-2 conformément à son plan de distribution de débit. Tout comme le mode
VBR 1 passe, le but du mode VBR 2 passes est d’obtenir une qualité constante plutôt qu’un débit constant. En revanche, le mode VBR deux passes est capable de
déterminer où distribuer au mieux les bits dans le fichier multimédia source avant
de commencer son encodage. L’inconvénient de ce processus est que la durée du
transcodage est près de deux fois plus longue qu’en mode VBR une passe. Bien qu’il
soit impossible d’obtenir une qualité deux fois meilleure, la qualité finale est en
général plus régulière en mode VBR 2 passes qu’en mode VBR 1 passe, notamment
avec des fichiers de données sources dans lesquels les différences entre les scènes
les plus complexes et les scènes les plus simples sont notables.
 VBR 2 passes optimal : ce mode favorise plus ses processus décisionnels internes
que le mode VBR 2 passes. En conséquence, la durée de l’encodage est plus longue. Cependant, la qualité offerte par l’encodeur MPEG-2 de Compressor est
la meilleure possible. Ce mode offre une qualité exceptionnelle à des débits de
3 à 5,5 Mbps et au-delà pour la vidéo en définition standard (SD).
Remarque : pour plus d’informations sur l’utilisation des modes à deux passes avec
la segmentation de tâche, consultez la section « Segmentation de tâche et encodage 2 passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 207
 Champ et curseur de défilement Débit moyen : choisissez le débit moyen en faisant glisser le curseur ou en saisissant un nombre dans le champ prévu à cet effet. La plage
dont vous disposez dépend du réglage « Utilisation de flux ». Consultez la section
« Utilisation de flux » à la page 199 pour plus d’informations.
Remarque : le réglage de débit moyen contrôle directement la taille du fichier
encodé. Le réglage de débit maximum n’affecte pas du tout la taille du fichier encodé.
 Curseur et champ Débit maximum : choisissez le débit maximum en faisant glisser
le curseur ou en saisissant un nombre dans le champ prévu à cet effet. La plage dont
vous disposez dépend du réglage « Utilisation de flux ». Consultez la section
« Utilisation de flux » à la page 199 pour plus d’informations.
Remarque : ce curseur de défilement n’est disponible qu’avec les modes VBR et ne
peut pas être placé sur une valeur inférieure au débit moyen.
À propos de la sélection des débits
Lorsque vous déterminez les débits moyen et maximum pour la lecture de DVD standard, n’oubliez pas de prendre en compte le débit de la piste audio, ainsi que le débit
MPEG2.
Vous devez faire en sorte que le total des débits audio et vidéo moyens et maximum
soit inférieur à 10,08 Mbps, vitesse maximum de transfert garantie par les lecteurs DVD
standard (Comme les formats audio compatibles DVD sont à débit constant, il ne faut
pas se soucier du débit audio maximum.)
Par exemple, si vous traitez la composante audio au format AIFF à 1,5 Mbps, vous devez
maintenir les débits vidéo maximum et moyen sous la barre des 8,5 Mbps. Généralement,
le débit moyen sera inférieur à cette valeur (par exemple, 3,5 Mbps pour deux heures de
métrage sur votre DVD). Le débit maximum doit toutefois être, lui aussi, inférieur à cette
valeur. Un débit maximum de 8,0 Mbps est recommandé pour prévoir une marge d’erreur
supplémentaire, afin de s’adapter par exemple aux flux de sous-titrage. Si vous utilisez un
format audio compressé compatible DVD comme, par exemple, Dolby Digital ou MPEG-1/
Layer-2, le débit audio peut descendre jusqu’à entre 0,2 et 0,4 Mbps, ce qui vous permet
alors de régler le débit maximum sur environ 1 Mbps plus haut.
En règle générale, réglez le débit maximum au moins 1 Mbps plus haut que le débit
moyen afin de permettre au débit de varier et d’obtenir une qualité constante.208 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
 Menu local « Estimation d’animation » : ce menu est un autre compromis entre qualité d’image et durée de traitement, en particulier si le fichier source comporte beaucoup de mouvements. Choisissez l’un des paramètres suivants :
 Bonne : réglage d’estimation des mouvements le plus rapide. Ce mode fonctionne
bien, y compris avec d’importantes quantités de mouvement entre les images,
à condition que les images comportent une quantité minimum de mouvements
au sein des images. Par exemple, un métrage soumis à une conversion de sa fré-
quence d’images ou à d’autres processus tend à ne comporter que peu de mouvements au sein des images. De manière générale, utilisez ce paramètre avec
le mode d’encodage à une passe.
 Meilleure : ce mode est un bon compromis général pour le paramètre d’estimation
des mouvements. Il offre de bons résultats même avec des mouvements entrelacés complexes, et fonctionne bien avec la plupart des types de sources vidéo
entrelacées, y compris avec les métrages précaires réalisés avec des petits caméscopes grand public. En général, choisissez cette option avec les modes VBR
une passe et VBR deux passes.
Remarque : si vous utilisez un format vidéo progressif, l’option Meilleure n’effectue
qu’une estimation des mouvements image par image plutôt qu’une recherche de
vecteur cinétique trame par trame, qui n’est pas pertinente avec les sources progressives. Dans ce cas, le mode Meilleure est quelque peu plus rapide.
 Optimale : l’estimation des mouvements est dans ce cas de qualité optimale et ce
mode ne devrait être utilisé qu’avec des sources entrelacées dont les mouvements
sont les plus complexes et les plus exigeants. En contrepartie, il est plus lent que
le mode Meilleure. En général, utilisez ce mode pour optimiser la qualité lorsque
vous avez choisi les modes VBR une passe Optimale ou VBR deux passes Optimale.
Remarque : choisissez dans le menu local « Estimation d’animation » le mode d’estimation d’animation (EM) qui convient le mieux au mode d’encodage sélectionné
parmi les cinq possibilités décrites ci-dessus. Choisissez l’option d’estimation d’animation Bonne pour le mode une passe, Meilleure pour les modes VBR une passe et
VBR deux passes, et Optimale pour les modes VBR une passe Optimale et VBR deux
passes Optimale. Bien que les modes d’estimation d’animation fonctionnent quel
que soit le mode d’encodage choisi, il est recommandé d’utiliser ces combinaisons.Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 209
Onglet GOP
Vous utilisez l’onglet GOP (groupe d’images) pour sélectionner un format, une structure et une taille de GOP. Cette sous-fenêtre contient les contrôles suivants Consultez
la section « Compréhension des types de GOP et d’images » à la page 211 pour plus
d’informations.
Remarque : si vous choisissez l’un des formats vidéo HD proposés dans l’onglet Format vidéo, vous ne pouvez pas modifier les réglages de l’onglet GOP et ces derniers
adoptent par défaut les valeurs d’une structure IBBP GOP fermée avec une taille de
12 (PAL) ou 15 (NTSC).
 Menu local Structure GOP : ce paramètre indique qu’il y aura deux, une ou aucune
image B entres les images de référence au sein d’un GOP. La structure et la taille
d’un GOP permettent de définir le nombre d’images I, P et B utilisées dans un GOP
pendant l’encodage. Choisissez l’une des options suivantes :
 IP : aucune image B n’est utilisée avec ce paramètre. Ne choisissez ce paramètre que
si votre média contient des mouvements rapides qui ne sont pas encodés avec
une qualité suffisante avec une structure IBBP ou IBP.
 IBP : dans une structure IBP, une image B est insérée entre les images de référence
(images I et images P). Ne choisissez ce paramètre que si votre média contient des
mouvements rapides qui ne sont pas encodés avec une qualité suffisante avec
une structure IBBP ou IBP.
 IBBP : vous pouvez utiliser cette option dans la plupart des cas d’encodage MPEG-2,
avec une taille de GOP de 15 pour NTSC ou de 12 pour PAL. Si vous choisissez ce
paramètre, deux images B sont insérées entre les images de référence.
Remarque : dans la plupart des situations d’encodage MPEG-2 destiné à la création
de DVD, choisissez une structure de GOP IBBP et une taille de GOP de 15 en NTSC ou
de 12 en PAL. Ces paramètres donnent de bons résultats dans la majorité des cas.
Consultez la section « Structure GOP » à la page 213 pour plus d’informations.210 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
 Boutons Ouvert et Fermé : les GOP fermés ne contiennent aucune image faisant réfé-
rence à une image du GOP précédent ou suivant, tandis que les GOP ouverts commencent par une ou plusieurs images B faisant référence à la dernière image P du
GOP précédent. Les GOP fermés créés par l’encodeur MPEG-2 de Compressor commencent par une image I. Pour choisir un type de GOP (ouvert ou fermé), décidez si
vous allez créer et de quelle manière des marqueurs de chapitre pour la création de
DVD avec DVD Studio Pro ou si vous avez l’intention d’utiliser de multiples angles
vidéo dans votre titre. Consultez la section « GOP ouverts et fermés » à la page 214
pour plus d’informations.
 Menu local Taille GOP : choisissez le nombre d’images contenues dans votre GOP,
suivant le format de la structure GOP sélectionnée. Dans Compressor, un GOP peut
contenir au maximum 15 images (NTSC) ou 12 images (PAL et 720p). Quant au nombre minimum d’images d’un GOP, il est de 6 pour un GOP fermé et de 7 pour un
GOP ouvert, quel que soit le format vidéo. La relation entre la structure d’un GOP
et sa taille vous donnent les différents motifs d’un GOP. Consultez les sections
« Compréhension des types de GOP et d’images » à la page 211 et « Taille GOP » à la
page 213 pour de plus amples informations.
 Champ Modèle : ce champ ne peut être édité, mais il affiche le modèle GOP réel
en fonction de la structure et de la taille que vous avez choisies.Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 211
.
Onglet Compléments
Utilisez l’onglet Compléments pour contrôler l’inclusion ou l’exclusion d’informations
de création MPEG-2 spécifiques. L’onglet Compléments contient les contrôles suivants :
Compréhension des types de GOP et d’images
L’une des principales fonctions de l’encodage MPEG-2 est sa capacité à supprimer
les redondances, pas seulement dans une image, mais aussi dans un groupe d’images. Le MPEG-2 utilise trois types d’image (I, P et B) pour représenter une vidéo.
Les paramètres des groupes d’images (GOP) permettent de définir le motif des trois
types d’image utilisées. Ces trois types d’image sont définis comme suit :
 Intra (I) : également connue sous le nom d’image clé. Chaque GOP contient
une image I. L’image I est le seul type d’image MPEG-2 qui peut être totalement
décompressé sans faire aucune référence aux images qui la précèdent ou la suivent.
Comme c’est aussi le type d’image le plus « lourd » en terme de données, c’est lui
qui requiert le plus d’espace disque. Si vous souhaitez placer une image I à un changement de scène ou à tout autre emplacement précis, vous devez le paramétrer
manuellement à l’aide de la fenêtre Preview. Dans ce cas, une image I est qualifiée
de forcée. Consultez la section « Ajout de marqueurs à un plan » à la page 317 pour
plus d’informations.
 Prédite (P) : image encodée à partir d’une image « prédite » selon l’image I ou P
précédente la plus proche. Les images P requièrent généralement moins d’espace
disque que les images I, car elles font référence à l’image I ou P qui la précède dans
le GOP.
Remarque : les images I et P sont aussi dénommées images de référence,
car une image B peut faire référence à l’un ou l’autre type d’image.
 Bidirectionnelle (B) : image encodée à partir d’une interpolation des images de réfé-
rence suivantes et précédentes, qu’il s’agisse d’images I ou P. Les images B sont
le type d’image MPEG-2 le plus efficace en termes de stockage, car c’est celui qui
requiert le moins d’espace disque.
C’est l’utilisation d’images B et P qui permet au MPEG-2 de supprimer les redondances temporaires, contribuant ainsi à l’efficacité de la compression vidéo.212 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
 Ajouter des métadonnées DVD Studio Pro : en cochant cette case, vous permettez à
Compressor d’analyser des informations de création MPEG-2 spécifiques pendant
le processus de transcodage, afin d’accélérer l’importation dans DVD Studio Pro.
Néanmoins, ces fichiers MPEG-2 seront incompatibles avec les versions 1.5 ou précé-
dentes de DVD Studio Pro. Si vous laissez cette case décochée, les informations
seront analysées plus tard dans DVD Studio Pro.
Remarque : les flux MPEG-2 contenant des métadonnées DVD Studio Pro supplé-
mentaires ne sont compatibles qu’avec la version DVD Studio Pro 2 (ou ultérieure).
Les flux MPEG-2 pour lesquels cette case est cochée ne sont pas compatibles avec
les versions antérieures à DVD Studio Pro 2, ou avec d’autres outils de création de
DVD. Cette case est cochée par défaut dans tous les réglages Apple. Pour que vos
fichiers MPEG-2 soient compatibles avec d’autres outils de création de DVD,
désélectionnez cette case, puis enregistrez le réglage.
 Inclure les marqueurs de chapitre uniquement : en cochant cette case, vous excluez
du flux de données les marqueurs de compression sans nom, tout en conservant
les marqueurs de chapitre. Si vous laissez cette case décochée, tous les marqueurs
sont reconnus dans le fichier multimédia de sortie. Consultez les sections « À propos
des marqueurs MPEG-2 et de DVD Studio Pro » à la page 215 et « Ajout de marqueurs de chapitre ou de podcast à un plan » à la page 320 pour plus d’informations
sur les marqueurs de chapitre.
 Audio couche 2/MPEG-1 multiplexé : utilisez cette option pour créer un flux multiplexé (au lieu d’un flux élémentaire). Vous pouvez ainsi transformer le fichier de sortie en flux de transport ou de programme. Consultez la section « À propos des flux
élémentaires, des flux de transport et des flux de programme » à la page 197 pour en
savoir plus sur les différences entre les différents types de flux.
L’audio de ce flux est au format couche 2/MPEG-1, avec une fréquence d’échantillonnage de 44,1 kHz ou 48 kHz (en fonction de la source) et un débit de 384 kbps. Pour
créer un flux élémentaire audio uniquement (audio couche 2/MPEG-1), consultez
la section « Création du réglage Audio MPEG-1 pour DVD » à la page 191.
Important : générique est également la seule option qui prend en charge la création
de flux de transport et de programme. En cochant la case « Audio couche 2 MPEG-1
multiplexé », vous réglez l’utilisation de votre flux sur Générique si cette utilisation
est actuellement réglée sur une autre valeur.Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 213
Informations supplémentaires sur les GOP et les marqueurs
Vous trouverez ci-dessous des informations supplémentaires qui pourront vous être
utiles pour décider comment configurer les paramètres GOP et comprendre comment
les paramètres GOP affectent les marqueurs DVD Studio Pro.
Points à considérer avant de choisir les paramètres d’un GOP
Vous devez considérer les aspects suivants avant de choisir les paramètres d’un GOP :
Structure GOP
Ce paramètre indique qu’il y aura deux, une ou aucune image(s) B entre les images
de référence au sein d’un GOP. La structure et la taille d’un GOP permettent de définir
le nombre d’images I, P et B utilisées dans un GOP pendant l’encodage.
La structure que vous choisissez dépend de l’éloignement des images P. Comme
une image P est prédite à partir de l’image de référence antérieure (soit une image I,
soit une image P) et qu’il peut y avoir entre elles une ou deux images B, la prédiction
doit couvrir la distance que les objets peuvent parcourir pendant la durée de deux ou
trois images.
En principe, plus le mouvement moyen est faible d’une image à l’autre, plus les images P
peuvent être espacées, et plus la compression peut être importante. Pour la plupart des
contenus vidéo, la structure IBBP est un bon choix. Dans le cas de contenus qui ont des
séquences entières avec de rares mouvements rapides, il est possible de choisir une structure IBP ou IP, mais un débit relativement élevé (6 à 8 Mbps pour la vidéo SD) peut alors
s’avérer nécessaire pour obtenir une bonne qualité.
Taille GOP
Ce paramètre spécifie le nombre d’images contenues dans un GOP. Or, comme un GOP
ne contient exactement qu’une seule image I, une taille plus grande permet généralement d’obtenir une meilleure compression, car les images B et P occupent moins
d’espace que les images I.
Pour la plupart des médias, un espacement d’environ une demi-seconde entre chaque
image I donne de bons résultats. Cela revient à une taille de GOP contenant 15 images
en NTSC et 12 images en PAL. Les spécifications du format DVD vidéo interdisent des
GOP contenant plus d’images. Généralement, seuls les contenus dont les changements
de scènes à des intervalles inférieurs à une demi-seconde sont fréquents bénéficient de
GOP de taille plus petite.214 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
GOP ouverts et fermés
Les GOP ouverts sont plus efficaces, car ils permettent l’insertion d’une autre image B
dans le modèle GOP. Les GOP ouverts commencent par une image B capable de consulter la dernière image P du GOP précédent ainsi que la première image I de son
propre GOP.
Par définition, les GOP fermés ne peuvent contenir aucune image faisant référence à
une image du GOP précédent, ou suivant. Au contraire, les GOP ouverts commencent
par une ou plusieurs images B qui font référence à la dernière image P du GOP anté-
rieur. Les GOP fermés créés par Compressor commencent toujours par une image I.
À structure et taille identiques, la compression obtenue est généralement meilleure
avec les GOP ouverts qu’avec les GOP fermés. En effet, l’illustration ci-dessus montre
qu’un GOP fermé contient plus d’images P qu’un GOP ouvert de même longueur.
Or, comme les images P requièrent habituellement plus de bits que les images B,
la compression des GOP ouverts est d’une qualité légèrement supérieure.
Certaines restrictions s’appliquent à l’utilisation de GOP ouverts avec des disques DVD
vidéo créés à l’aide d’une application de création de DVD de type DVD Studio Pro.
La première limite exclusivement aux GOP fermés les flux MPEG-2 utilisés pour des DVD
à angles multiples ou mixtes.
:06 :07 :08 :09
:09
:04 :05 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 :21
GOP ouvert
(IBBP, 15 images)
P B B I B B P B B P B B P B B P B B I
:03
:04 :05 :06 :07 :08 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18
GOP fermé
(IBBP, 15 images)
I B B B P B B P B P B P B P B Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 215
La deuxième oblige à définir les marqueurs de chapitre des DVD au début d’un GOP
fermé. Le meilleur moment pour définir des marqueurs de chapitre est avant d’effectuer le transcodage MPEG-2. Par exemple, si vous spécifiez des marqueurs de chapitre
dans Final Cut Pro, vous pouvez paramétrer Compressor de manière à procéder au
transcodage MPEG-2 avec des GOP ouverts. Compressor forcera alors un GOP fermé
à commencer uniquement au niveau des marqueurs de chapitre spécifiés, et rendra
les autres GOP ouverts. Vous pouvez également faire cela en spécifiant « images I
forcées » dans la fenêtre Preview de Compressor, puis en leur indiquant un nom de
chapitre à utiliser par DVD Studio Pro.
Toutefois, si vous souhaitez définir des marqueurs de chapitre à chaque limite de GOP
après le transcodage de votre vidéo au format MPEG-2, vous ne devriez utiliser que des
GOP fermés. Cette liberté d’action est limitée, car vous ne pouvez définir des marqueurs
de chapitre qu’aux limites des GOP et pas à n’importe quelle image de la vidéo.
À propos des marqueurs MPEG-2 et de DVD Studio Pro
Vous pouvez trouver les marqueurs MPEG-2 suivants dans un fichier multimédia source :
 Marqueurs de chapitre : ces marqueurs identifient les images qui devraient être encodées en tant qu’images I et qui sont reconnues comme marqueurs de chapitre lors
de l’importation dans DVD Studio Pro.
 Marqueurs de compression forcée : ces marqueurs sont ajoutés durant la phase de
montage et servent à identifier les images de la vidéo qui devraient être forcées à
être des images I pour une meilleure qualité d’encodage, comme la première image
d’une nouvelle scène. Les marqueurs de compression forcée ne sont pas reconnus
comme des marqueurs de chapitre par DVD Studio Pro.
 Marqueurs de compression automatique : ces marqueurs sont insérés par Final Cut Pro
à tous les points de montage, forçant des images I là où des changements de scène
sont susceptibles de se produire. Les marqueurs de compression automatique ne
sont pas reconnus comme des marqueurs de chapitre par DVD Studio Pro. Ils ne
seront pas inclus si vous cochez la case « Inclure les marqueurs de chapitre
uniquement ».
Si la case « Inclure les marqueurs de chapitre uniquement » n’est pas cochée,
Compressor place automatiquement des images I à chaque fois qu’il détecte l’un des
trois types de marqueur. Dans la plupart des cas, cela permet d’obtenir les meilleurs
résultats. Cependant, si vous avez l’intention d’utiliser les fichiers multimédia comme
faisant partie d’un titre DVD à angles multiples ou angles mixtes, ceux-ci doivent tous
avoir les mêmes motifs d’images I.216 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
Les marqueurs de chapitre définis dans Final Cut Pro et transcodés dans Compressor ou
directement définis dans Compressor seront absents des données MPEG-2 importées si
vous utilisez une version antérieure à DVD Studio Pro 2. Toutefois, les images I seront
définies là où les marqueurs de chapitre ont été nommés. Si vous utilisez une version
antérieure à DVD Studio Pro 2, les options suivantes sont à votre disposition :
Projets natifs Final Cut Pro
Les deux options suivantes sont disponibles pour les projets d’origine Final Cut Pro :
 Exportation à l’aide de Compressor : si les contrôles de qualité et de transcodage sont
importants pour votre projet, utilisez Compressor pour exporter votre fichier multimédia MPEG-2. Vous gagnerez du temps et éviterez les pertes dues à la génération.
L’inconvénient de ce mode est que vous ne pouvez pas utiliser Final Cut Pro au cours
de l’exportation.
 Exporter une séquence de référence QuickTime et la transcoder dans Compressor : vous
n’obtiendrez pas la haute qualité et les options d’encodage offertes par Compressor,
mais vous pourrez continuer le montage dans le plan de montage de Final Cut Pro
pendant que Compressor travaille en arrière-plan.
Projets natifs Compressor
Vous pouvez définir des marqueurs de chapitre au moyen de la fenêtre d’aperçu
Compressor, mais ceux-ci ne seront pas conservés lors de leur exportation vers des versions antérieures à DVD Studio Pro 2. Les images I sont par contre maintenues. Si vous
utilisez une version antérieure à DVD Studio Pro 2, vous pouvez définir manuellement
les marqueurs de chapitre directement dans DVD Studio Pro.
Flux de production de transcodage MPEG-2
Cette section vous propose des exemples et des instructions de configuration de vos
attributs MPEG-2 étape par étape, avant la création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 avec
Compressor. La configuration des réglages MPEG-2 s’effectue via la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-2, soit en modifiant un réglage, soit en créant un sous l’onglet Réglages.Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 217
Exemples de paramètres MPEG-2
Les réglages MPEG-2 suivants peuvent être utilisés dans la majorité des cas d’encodage MPEG-2 généraux. Ouvrez la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-2, puis cliquez sur
le bouton approprié pour accéder à ces onglets.
Remarque : n’oubliez pas que la plupart des paramètres donnés dans cet exemple
ne sont pas adaptés à tous les formats vidéo d’entrée, ni à toutes les situations
d’encodage. Le cas échéant, quelques paramètres alternatifs sont donnés entre
parenthèses. Consultez les sections au début du présent chapitre pour obtenir plus
d’informations sur quand et comment utiliser d’autres paramètres.
Onglet Format vidéo
 Format vidéo : NTSC (PAL, 720p, HD 1440x1080, HD 1920x1080 ou l’une des options
de largeur égale à 640)
 Proportions : 4:3 (16:9 pour un grand écran anamorphosé ou haute définition)
 Priorité de trame : automatique (non disponible avec le format 720p)
Onglet Qualité
 Mode : VBR à une passe Optimale (ou d’autres réglages à une passe et à deux passes)
 Débit moyen : 5 Mbps (entre 2 et 9 Mbps) pour le format DVD standard ou 18 Mbps
pour les formats vidéo HD (plage variable)
Remarque : votre choix de débit peut être influencé par de nombreux facteurs,
comme la complexité de la vidéo source, le format et le nombre des flots audio,
ainsi que la durée totale des plans vidéo à inclure sur le DVD.
 Débit maximum : 8,0 Mbps pour le format DVD standard ou 27 Mbps pour
les formats vidéo HD
 Estimation d’animation : Optimale
Onglet GOP
 Structure GOP : IBBP
 Taille GOP : 15 (12 pour PAL et les formats HD 50i, 50p et 24p)
 Type de GOP : Ouvert (Fermé)
Remarque : pour choisir un type de GOP (ouvert ou fermé), décidez si vous allez
créer et de quelle manière des marqueurs de chapitre pour la création de DVD
avec DVD Studio Pro ou si vous avez l’intention d’utiliser de multiples angles vidéo
dans votre titre. Consultez les sections « À propos des marqueurs MPEG-2 et de
DVD Studio Pro » à la page 215 et « Ajout de marqueurs de chapitre ou de podcast
à un plan » à la page 320 pour de plus amples informations.218 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
Suivez les étapes ci-après pour savoir comment utiliser le format de fichier de sortie
MPEG-2.
Étape 1 : Ouvrez la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-2 et choisissez Format vidéo
Il est important que le format vidéo, les proportions et le champ dominant concordent
avec les paramètres de votre fichier multimédia source. Consultez la section « Onglet
Format vidéo » à la page 199 pour une description plus détaillée de chacun de
ces paramètres.
Remarque : le moyen le plus facile de vous assurer que les réglages sont adaptés au
fichier multimédia source consiste à activer les boutons Automatique. Consultez la section « À propos des réglages automatiques » à la page 58 pour plus d’informations.
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Réglages, puis choisissez MPEG-2 à l’aide du bouton de menu local
« Ajouter un préréglage » (+).
La sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-2 s’ouvre dans l’Inspecteur, avec l’onglet Format vidéo
qui s’affiche par défaut.
2 Choisissez dans le menu local « Utilisation de flux » le réglage qui correspond à la façon
dont vous comptez utiliser la vidéo encodée. Cela garantit que les options d’encodage
MPEG-2 sont limitées au options prises en charge par l’usage escompté. Les options
sont les suivantes :
 Générique
 DVD SD
 Blu-ray
 DVD HD
Configurez ces réglages
manuellement si vous
n’avez pas l’intention de
les adapter au fichier
multimédia source.
Sélectionnez les boutons Automatique
pour que l’encodeur
adapte les réglages
au fichier multimédia
source.
Choisissez le type de
flux MPEG-2 à créer.Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 219
3 Choisissez un format dans le menu local Format vidéo ou sélectionnez son bouton
Automatique :
 NTSC (par défaut)
 PAL
 720p
 HD 1440x1080
 HD 1920x1080
 640x480
 640x360
 640x352
 640x384
 640x320
4 Choisissez des proportions dans le menu local Proportions ou sélectionnez son bouton
Automatique.
Avant cela, vous devez déterminer si la forme prévue de votre vidéo source est au format 4:3 (normal) ou 16:9 (grand écran).
5 En fonction du type de votre média source, choisissez un paramètre de champ dans
le menu local « Priorité de trame ». Par exemple, pour un format DV, choisissez Première inférieure. Vous pouvez également choisir le bouton « Priorité de trame
automatique » pour laisser Compressor déterminer le réglage correct.
6 Si vous souhaitez utiliser le timecode de votre vidéo source, laissez la case « Choisir le
timecode de départ » décochée. Sinon, cochez-la et introduisez un nouveau timecode.
7 Si vous avez coché la case « Choisir le timecode de départ » et que votre format vidéo
est NTSC, cochez aussi la case Drop Frame si vous voulez utiliser le timecode en temps
réel (au lieu d’avoir un timecode 30 images).
Consultez la section « Onglet Format vidéo » à la page 199 pour plus d’informations.
Étape 2 : Choix des paramètres de qualité
Dans l’onglet Qualité, ajustez les attributs d’encodage MPEG-2 qui ont le plus
d’influence sur la qualité finale de votre fichier de sortie vidéo MPEG-2 : mode
d’encodage, débits maximum et moyen et type d’estimation d’animation.220 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
1 Cliquez sur le bouton Qualité dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-2 pour ouvrir
l’onglet correspondant.
2 Faites votre choix parmi les options proposées par le menu local Mode.
Pour une qualité d’image optimale, choisissez « VBR 1 passe optimal » ou « VBR 2 passes optimal ». Si vous souhaitez obtenir l’encodage le plus rapide possible, choisissez
« VBR une passe » ou « VBR 2 passes ». Pour les sources HD, choisissez « VBR 1 passe
optimal » ou « VBR 2 passes optimal ».
Avec les modes à deux passes, le fichier multimédia source est examiné pendant la première passe, puis transcodé pendant la deuxième avec les débits adaptés au contenu
vidéo. À l’inverse, les modes à une passe transcodent plus rapidement, mais distribuent
les débits de façon moins optimale que ne le font les modes à deux passes analogues.
Remarque : si vous utilisez VBR à deux passes et que le traitement distribué est activé,
vous pouvez désactiver la case « Autoriser la segmentation des tâches » dans la sousfenêtre Encodeur. Consultez la section « Segmentation de tâche et encodage 2 passes
(ou multipasse) » à la page 64 pour plus d’informations.
3 Choisissez un débit moyen à l’aide du curseur de défilement Débit moyen ou du
champ contigu.
Choisissez un débit approprié en fonction du contenu et de la longueur de votre vidéo
source, et de la taille (en octets) souhaitée pour votre fichier de sortie. En création de
DVD, l’intégralité de la vidéo doit tenir sur le disque DVD, or plus le débit est faible,
plus vous pouvez stocker de données. Cependant, plus le débit est important,
plus l’image sera de qualité.
Choisissez un mode
correspondant à vos
exigences en termes
de durée et de qualité.
Choisissez un réglage
Estimation d’animation.
Choisissez les débits
appropriés à vos exigences en termes de taille de
fichier et de qualité.Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 221
Lorsque vous modifiez la valeur Débit moyen (avec le curseur ou le champ), le calculateur de débit en bas de l’onglet Qualité affiche de manière dynamique le nombre maximum de minutes de vidéo sur un DVD-5. Le calculateur suppose un débit de 1,5 Mbps
pour l’audio (AIFF deux canaux).
Le tableau ci-dessous fournit quelques débits et la durée des métrages correspondants
pour un DVD de 4,7 Go :
Remarque : lorsque vous choisissez VBR une passe ou VBR une passe Optimale pour
des plans très courts (inférieurs à une ou deux minutes), il est possible que la taille du
fichier de sortie MPEG-2 résultant ne reflète pas précisément le débit moyen que vous
avez spécifié. Si la longueur du fichier multimédia de sortie MPEG-2 ne correspond
pas à vos attentes, vous pouvez essayer de le transcoder à nouveau à un débit moyen
plus faible.
4 Si possible, spécifiez le débit maximum en introduisant une valeur dans le champ
correspondant ou en déplaçant le curseur de défilement.
Comme les lecteurs DVD prennent en charge des débits de pointe pouvant atteindre
jusqu’à 10,08 Mbps pour des composantes audio et vidéo, il est conseillé d’ajuster
le débit vidéo maximum entre 8,0 et 8,5 Mbps si vous utilisez une piste audio (AIFF
deux canaux) à 1,5 Mbps.
Remarque : pour un résultat optimal, assurez-vous que le débit maximum est supé-
rieur d’au moins 1 Mbps au réglage moyen. Des différences plus grandes peuvent donner de meilleurs résultats encore.
Débit moyen1 Durée approximative pour un DVD de 4,7 Go
3,5 Mbps 121 minutes
5,0 Mbps 94 minutes
6,0 Mbps 82 minutes
7,5 Mbps 68 minutes
8,0 Mbps 65 minutes
1
Pour un plan DVD avec composantes audio et vidéo et sous-images : suppose un débit de 1,5 Mbps pour les données audio (AIFF deux canaux).222 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
5 Choisissez un réglage parmi ceux proposés par le menu local « Estimation d’animation » :
 Bonne : c’est le réglage d’estimation d’animation le plus rapide ; suffisant lorsque
les mouvements entre les images sont lents.
 Meilleure : il s’agit d’un bon compromis général pour le réglage d’estimation
d’animation ; il offre de très bons résultats y compris en présence de mouvements
entrelacés complexes.
 Optimale : réglage de qualité optimale pour manipuler la plupart des sources entrelacées dont les mouvements sont les plus complexes et les plus exigeants ; un peu
plus lent que le mode Meilleure.
Consultez la section « Onglet Qualité » à la page 204 pour plus d’informations.
Étape 3 : Choix des réglages de GOP
Sélectionnez la structure et la taille appropriées des GOP, puis décidez si vous souhaitez que les GOP soient ouverts ou fermés.
Remarque : ces réglages ne sont pas modifiables si vous choisissez un format vidéo HD
dans l’onglet Format vidéo.
1 Cliquez sur le bouton GOP dans la sous-fenêtre MPEG-2 Encoder pour ouvrir l’onglet
correspondant.
2 Choisissez une structure de GOP dans le menu local Structure GOP.
Pour la plupart des tâches d’encodage MPEG-2 destinées à la création de DVD,
choisissez la structure IBBP.
3 Choisissez la taille des GOP dans le menu local Taille GOP.
Dans la plupart des tâches d’encodage MPEG-2 destinées à la création de DVD,
choisissez une taille de GOP de 15 en NTSC et une taille de 12 en PAL et 24P.
Les options disponibles dans ce menu dépendent de la structure choisie pour les GOP,
et de s’ils sont ouverts ou fermés.
Choisissez une structure
GOP pour contrôler le
nombre d’images
B utilisées.
Choisissez des GOP
ouverts ou fermés.
Choisissez une taille
de GOP.Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 223
4 Décidez si vous souhaitez que le motif des GOP soit ouvert ou fermé, puis cliquez sur
le bouton approprié.
Consultez les sections « Compréhension des types de GOP et d’images » à la page 211,
« Points à considérer avant de choisir les paramètres d’un GOP » à la page 213,
et « Onglet GOP » à la page 209 pour plus d’informations sur les GOP.
Étape 4 : Choix des paramètres supplémentaires
Vous pouvez contrôler l’inclusion ou l’exclusion d’informations de création MPEG-2
spécifiques par l’intermédiaire de l’onglet Compléments.
1 Cliquez sur le bouton Compléments dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-2 pour ouvrir
l’onglet correspondant.
Utilisation d’images I MPEG-2
La fenêtre Preview de Compressor offre une flexibilité de transcodage supplémentaire en vous permettant d’insérer manuellement des images I à n’importe quel
endroit dans le fichier MPEG-2 de sortie, indépendamment du motif et de la taille que
vous avez choisis pour les GOP. Ces images I, qualifiées de forcées peuvent être utiles
pour améliorer la qualité du fichier MPEG-2 à proximité d’un changement de scène.
Consultez la section « Compréhension des types de GOP et d’images » à la page 211
pour plus d’informations sur les images I.
En outre, l’ajout d’images I à votre plan vous permet de créer des marqueurs de chapitre pouvant être interprétés et utilisés par DVD Studio Pro. Consultez les sections
« Ajout de marqueurs à un plan » à la page 317 et « Ajout de marqueurs de chapitre
ou de podcast à un plan » à la page 320 pour de plus amples informations.224 Chapitre 15 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-2
2 Cochez la case « Ajouter métadonnées DVD Studio Pro » si vous souhaitez que les informations de création MPEG-2 spécifiques soient analysées par Compressor et non pas
ultérieurement par DVD Studio Pro.
3 Cochez la case « Inclure les marqueurs de chapitre uniquement » si vous souhaitez
exclure les marqueurs de compression automatique du flux de données, mais conserver les marqueurs de chapitre.
4 Activez la case « Audio couche 2/MPEG-1 multiplexé » uniquement si vous devez créer
des flux de transport ou de programme. Consultez la section « À propos des flux élé-
mentaires, des flux de transport et des flux de programme » à la page 197 pour plus
d’informations.
Consultez les sections « Onglet Compléments » à la page 211 et « À propos des marqueurs MPEG-2 et de DVD Studio Pro » à la page 215 pour en savoir plus sur les réglages de l’onglet Compléments.
En outre, pour faciliter l’utilisation des fichiers de sortie créés par ces préréglages dans
DVD Studio Pro, créez une destination qui garantit que les fichiers de sortie vidéo et
audio portent le même nom, mais uniquement avec des extensions de fichier différentes. Consultez la section « Création de destinations à utiliser avec DVD Studio Pro » à la
page 335 pour de plus amples informations.
Avertissement : si vous cochez cette case, vos fichiers MPEG-2 sont incompatibles avec
les outils de création de DVD autres que DVD Studio Pro 2 (ou version ultérieure).16
225
16 Création de fichiers de sortie
MPEG-4
Compressor fournit les outils dont vous avez besoin pour
créer des fichiers transcodés MPEG-4 exceptionnels.
La norme MPEG-4 Partie 2 (également appelée vidéo MPEG-4 dans QuickTime 6) joue
un rôle important dans l’évolution des normes pour les secteurs de l’Internet et du
multimédia sans fil, qui l’ont largement adoptée.
Utilisez MPEG-4 Partie 2 lorsque vous souhaitez garantir la compatibilité avec les périphériques ou lecteurs MPEG-4 Partie 2, tels que les millions de téléphones portables
3G et d’appareils photo numériques qui capturent et lisent la vidéo MPEG-4 Partie 2.
La norme H.264, également appelée MPEG-4 Partie 10, est une technologie plus
récente que MPEG-4 Partie 2, offrant jusqu’à quatre fois la taille d’image de la vidéo
encodée avec le codec MPEG-4 Partie 2 pour un débit donné. Cependant, tout comme
les normes MPEG-1 et MPEG-2 sont toujours utilisées aujourd’hui, la norme MPEG-4
Partie 2 continuera d’être utilisée.
Remarque : MPEG-4 Partie 2 est à la fois un codec QuickTime (vidéo MPEG-4) et
un format de sortie. Dans ce chapitre, nous allons considérer MPEG-4 Partie 2 comme
un format de sortie.
MPEG-4 Partie 2 offre les avantages suivants :
 Conformité aux normes : la sortie est compatible avec les périphériques MPEG-4
Partie 2 et les autres lecteurs normalisés (ISMA), tels que les téléphones portables.
 Vidéo haute qualité : transcodeur polyvalent qui peut être réglé à un débit cible et,
avec un débit variable une passe, peut optimiser la qualité ou la vitesse de sortie
pour un transcodage le plus rapide possible.
 Codage audio avancé (AAC) : le format audio MPEG-4 accepte une grande variété
de données audio source et apporte à QuickTime un transcodage audio VBR réel.
En outre, il utilise le codec AAC, lequel, à débit égal, s’avère plus précis que le MP3
et permet d’obtenir des fichiers de taille inférieure ou des fichiers de taille identique,
mais de qualité supérieure. Vous pouvez également inclure des informations de podcasting, comme des marqueurs de chapitre accompagnés d’illustrations ou d’URL,
ainsi que diverses annotations textuelles.226 Chapitre 16 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4
 Algorithmes d’optimisation pour la lecture en continu : les algorithmes d’optimisation
indiquent la façon dont un flux vidéo est divisé en paquets pouvant être lus en continu. Pour créer un flux vidéo, le serveur de contenu multimédia requiert des algorithmes d’optimisation pour savoir quelles données envoyer et quand. Le principe de
ces algorithmes est de définir la taille maximum d’un paquet et sa durée maximum.
Les informations nécessaires à la lecture en continu de votre fichier de sortie sont
contenues sur une piste dite piste d’algorithme. Cette piste d’algorithme est créée
pour chaque piste multimédia (vidéo et audio) pouvant être lue en continu dans
le fichier de sortie, et est utilisée par le serveur de contenu multimédia pour convertir le média en flux de données en temps réel.
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-4
La sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-4 Partie 2 permet de sélectionner un large éventail de
types et d’options de flux.
La sous-fenêtre MPEG-4 Partie 2 contient les éléments suivants :
 Champ Extension de fichier : affiche automatiquement l’extension de fichier MPEG-4
Partie 2 mp4 une fois que le format de sortie MPEG-4 est sélectionné dans le menu
local « Format de fichier » ou dans le menu local (+) de l’onglet Réglages.
 Boutons Vidéo, Audio et Diffusion : cliquez sur ces boutons pour ouvrir les sous-fenê-
tres Vidéo, Audio et Diffusion décrites ci-après.Chapitre 16 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4 227
 Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche : cette case permet de désactiver la segmentation des tâches. Elle n’est importante que si vous utilisez Compressor avec le traitement distribué et avec l’encodage à deux passes ou multipasse. (La fonctionnalité de
traitement distribué est limitée aux ordinateurs sur lesquels est installé
Final Cut Studio.) Étant donné que le format MPEG-4 Partie 2 utilise le mode VBR à
une seule passe, vous pouvez laisser cette case cochée dans tous les cas afin d’accé-
lérer le traitement distribué. Pour plus d’informations, consultez la section
« Segmentation de tâche et encodage 2 passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.
 Autoriser les informations de podcasting : activez cette case pour vous assurer que les
annotations et les métadonnées de podcasting sont enregistrées dans le fichier multimédia de sortie. Cette option s’applique uniquement aux fichiers audio. Pour que
cette option soit disponible, désélectionnez la case Vidéo activée en haut de la fenê-
tre Vidéo.
Sous-fenêtre Vidéo
La sous-fenêtre Vidéo permet de paramétrer la qualité (profil ISMA), la fréquence d’images (images par seconde), l’intervalle de création d’une image clé et le débit de votre
fichier de sortie MPEG-4 Partie 2. La sous-fenêtre contient les contrôles suivants :
 Case à cocher Vidéo activée : assurez-vous que cette case est activée si vous souhaitez que les réglages vidéo du format de sortie MPEG-4 Partie 2 soient appliqués.
 Boutons Profil ISMA : choisissez l’une des qualités MPEG-4 Partie 2 suivantes :
 Basique (0) : garantit la lecture sur tous les appareils MPEG-4 Partie 2.
 Amélioré (1) : offre une meilleure qualité de sortie, mais ce réglage n’est compatible qu’avec les appareils MPEG-4 Partie 2 les plus récents.
 Champ et menu local « Fréquence d’images » (ips) : choisissez ou saisissez une valeur
pour spécifier la vitesse générale du fichier multimédia de sortie.
 Champ « Intervalle entre les images-clés » : saisissez une valeur pour spécifier le nombre d’images clés créées dans le fichier multimédia de sortie.
 Menu local Débit : choisissez l’un des débits suivants. Quel que soit le paramètre
choisi, la qualité varie d’une image à l’autre pour maintenir le débit sélectionné
constant.
Spécifiez le débit en introduisant
une valeur dans le champ correspondant ou en déplaçant le curseur
de défilement (disponible uniquement avec l’option « Constant à »).228 Chapitre 16 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4
 Constant à : spécifiez manuellement le débit en introduisant une valeur dans
le champ ou en déplaçant le curseur.
 VBR bas : spécifie une qualité générale basse pour toutes les images.
 VBR moyen : spécifie une qualité générale moyenne pour toutes les images.
 VBR haut : spécifie une qualité générale élevée pour toutes les images.
 Champ et curseur de défilement Débit : (disponible uniquement avec l’option
« Constant à »). Déterminez le débit vidéo général de votre fichier multimédia de
sortie (de 32 Kbps à 2048 Kbps) à l’aide du curseur de défilement ou en introduisant
une valeur spécifique dans le champ correspondant.
Sous-fenêtre Audio
La sous-fenêtre Audio vous permet de définir la qualité des pistes audio, le taux
d’échantillonnage et le débit du fichier de sortie MPEG-4. Utilisez les contrôles suivants
pour effectuer vos réglages de manière précise :
 Case à cocher Audio activé : assurez-vous que cette case est activée si vous souhaitez
que les réglages audio du format MPEG-4 Partie 2 soient appliqués.
 Boutons Canaux : indiquez si vous souhaitez que les canaux audio de votre fichier
multimédia de sortie soient en mono ou en stéréo.
 Menu local Échantillonnage : choisissez l’un des taux d’échantillonnage suivants : 8,
11,025, 12, 16, 22,05, 24, 32, 44,1 ou 48 kHz. Vous pouvez également choisir l’option
Recommandé pour que Compressor choisisse un taux d’échantillonnage adapté
aux réglages Canaux et Débit.
Remarque : si vous choisissez l’option Recommandé, le taux d’échantillonnage n’est
pas déterminé avant le lancement du transcodage.
 Menu local Qualité : choisissez l’une des qualités audio suivantes pour votre fichier
de sortie :
 Bas : permet d’obtenir un transcodage rapide au détriment de la qualité du fichier
de sortie.
 Moyen : la qualité audio est meilleure, mais la durée du transcodage augmente.
Menu local de sélection de la
fréquence d’échantillonnage
Curseur de réglage du débitChapitre 16 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4 229
 Haut : il s’agit de la meilleure qualité audio disponible. Choisissez cette option
quand la qualité audio du fichier de sortie est importante, quelle que soit la durée
du transcodage.
 Champ et curseur de défilement Débit : déterminez le débit audio général de votre
fichier multimédia de sortie, dans une gamme allant de 16 Kbps (2 Ko/s) à 256 Kbps
(32 Ko/s), à l’aide du curseur de défilement ou en introduisant une valeur spécifique
dans le champ correspondant.
Sous-fenêtre Diffusion
La sous-fenêtre Diffusion permet de paramétrer les algorithmes d’optimisation,
ainsi que la taille maximum et la durée limite des paquets du fichier de sortie MPEG-4
Partie 2. Vous pouvez également configurer votre fichier multimédia de sortie pour qu’il
soit compatible avec le serveur de diffusion QuickTime, version 4.1 ou précédentes.
La sous-fenêtre Diffusion contient les contrôles suivants :
 Case à cocher « Optimisation de diffusion activée » : assurez-vous que cette case est
activée si vous souhaitez que les réglages de diffusion au format de sortie MPEG-4
Partie 2 soient appliqués.
 Case « Compatibilité QuickTime Streaming Server (pré-4.1) » : cochez cette case pour
que votre fichier de sortie soit compatible avec les anciennes versions de QuickTime
Streaming Server (4.1 et antérieures). Ne cochez pas cette case si vous utilisez une version plus récente de QuickTime, tous les problèmes de compatibilité étant automatiquement résolus.
 Champ Taille maximum de paquet : introduisez une valeur pour indiquer la taille maximum autorisée (en octets) des paquets du flux vidéo du fichier multimédia de sortie.
La taille des paquets ne doit pas dépasser le paquet le plus gros utilisé sur un réseau
quelconque entre le serveur de contenu multimédia et l’utilisateur. 230 Chapitre 16 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4
 Champ Durée maximum de paquet : introduisez une valeur pour indiquer la durée
maximum autorisée (en millisecondes) des paquets du flux vidéo du fichier multimé-
dia de sortie. La durée a une incidence sur les paramètres audio MPEG-4 Partie 2
uniquement. Elle permet de limiter la durée maximum de la composante audio
(en millisecondes) dans chaque paquet, ce qui limite la perte d’informations audio
engendrée par la perte d’un paquet.
Processus de transcodage MPEG-4 Partie 2
Cette section contient des informations sur un processus MPEG-4 Partie 2 standard
et sur la création d’un podcast audio.
Processus MPEG-4 Partie 2
Si vous n’avez pas besoin de personnaliser les réglages audio et vidéo de votre fichier
MPEG-4 Partie 2, vous pouvez utiliser la méthode « rapide et facile » pour transcoder
vos fichiers de données source. Pour cela, acceptez les paramètres de sortie MPEG-4
Partie 2 par défaut :
Sous-fenêtre Vidéo
 Case Vidéo activée : Cochée
 Profil ISMA : Basique
 Fréquence d’images : 15 images par seconde
 Intervalle entre les images clés : 15 images
 Débit : 368 Kbps
Consultez la section « Sous-fenêtre Vidéo » à la page 227 pour plus d’informations.Chapitre 16 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4 231
Sous-fenêtre Audio
 Case à cocher Audio activé : Cochée
 Canaux : Stéréo
 Échantillonnage : 44,1 kHz
 Qualité : Haute
 Débit : 64 Kbps
Consultez la section « Sous-fenêtre Audio » à la page 228 pour plus d’informations.
Sous-fenêtre Diffusion
 Case à cocher « Optimisation de diffusion activée » : cochée
 Taille maximum de paquet : 1 450 octets
 Durée maximum de paquet : 100 millisecondes
Consultez la section « Sous-fenêtre Diffusion » à la page 229 pour plus d’informations.
Si ces paramètres vous conviennent, le paramétrage est terminé et vous pouvez dès
à présent commencer le transcodage de vos fichiers multimédia sources.232 Chapitre 16 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4
Si vous voulez personnaliser les réglages de format de fichier MPEG-4 Partie 2, le processus de transcodage décrit précédemment n’est pas suffisant et il est nécessaire d’en
réaliser un plus détaillé incluant les étapes suivantes :
Étape 1 : Personnalisation des paramètres vidéo MPEG-4
1 Dans la fenêtre Inspecteur, cliquez sur la sous-fenêtre Encodeur et choisissez MPEG-4
dans le menu local « Format du fichier ».
La sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-4 s’ouvre. Le champ Extension indique mp4 et la sousfenêtre Vidéo est au premier plan.
2 Ajustez les réglages vidéo MPEG-4 à l’aide des contrôles disponibles.
Remarque : assurez-vous que la case Vidéo activée est cochée.
Consultez la section « Sous-fenêtre Vidéo » à la page 227 pour plus de détails sur
les réglages vidéo MPEG-4 Partie 2.
Si vous ne souhaitez pas modifier d’autres attributs, le réglage MPEG-4 peut être attribué tel quel à un fichier multimédia source selon la méthode habituelle. Consultez
la section « Préparation de Compressor au transcodage » à la page 32 pour plus d’informations. Sinon, passez à l’étape suivante pour modifier les paramètres audio MPEG-4.
Spécifiez le débit en introduisant
une valeur dans le champ
Débit ou en déplaçant le curseur
de défilement.Chapitre 16 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4 233
Étape 2 : Personnalisation des paramètres audio MPEG-4
1 Cliquez sur le bouton Audio pour ouvrir la sous-fenêtre correspondante.
2 Ajustez les paramètres audio MPEG-4 à l’aide des contrôles disponibles.
Remarque : assurez-vous que la case Audio activé est cochée.
Consultez la section « Sous-fenêtre Audio » à la page 228 pour plus de détails sur
les réglages audio MPEG-4 Partie 2.
Si vous ne souhaitez pas modifier d’autres attributs, le réglage MPEG-4 peut être
attribué tel quel à un fichier multimédia source selon la méthode habituelle. Consultez
la section « Préparation de Compressor au transcodage » à la page 32 pour plus d’informations. Sinon, passez à l’étape suivante pour modifier les paramètres du flux vidéo.
Étape 3 : Modification des paramètres du flux vidéo MPEG-4
1 Cliquez sur le bouton Diffusion pour ouvrir la sous-fenêtre correspondante.
2 Cochez la case « Compatibilité QuickTime Streaming Server (pré-4.1) » si vous prévoyez
de distribuer vos fichiers via une version de QuickTime Streaming Server antérieure à la
version 4.1.
3 Saisissez de nouvelles valeurs dans les champs Taille maximum de paquet et Durée
maximum de paquet, et assurez-vous que la case « Optimisation de diffusion activée »
est cochée.
Spécifiez le débit en introduisant une valeur dans le champ
Débit ou en déplaçant le curseur de défilement.234 Chapitre 16 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4
4 Consultez la section « Sous-fenêtre Diffusion » à la page 229 pour plus de détails sur
les réglages vidéo MPEG-4 Partie 2.
Processus de podcasting audio
Compressor facilite la création de podcasts audio évolués reposant sur le format de sortie MPEG-4. Un podcast audio évolué comprend des informations de podcasting telles
que des marqueurs de chapitre ou de podcast accompagnés d’illustrations et d’URL,
ainsi que diverses annotations textuelles.
Étape 1 : Configurez la sortie MPEG-4 pour une sortie audio uniquement
1 Dans la fenêtre Inspecteur, cliquez sur la sous-fenêtre Encodeur et choisissez MPEG-4
dans le menu local « Format de fichier ».
2 Cliquez sur le bouton Vidéo pour ouvrir la sous-fenêtre correspondante.
3 Désélectionnez la case Vidéo activée.
4 Cliquez sur le bouton Audio pour ouvrir la sous-fenêtre correspondante.
5 Sélectionnez la case Audio activé.
La sortie MPEG-4 est alors configurée pour l’audio uniquement. Vous pouvez également configurer d’autres réglages dans la fenêtre Audio si nécessaire.
Étape 2 : Configurez la sortie MPEG-4 pour qu’elle comprenne des informations
de podcasting
1 Activez la case « Autoriser les informations de podcasting » en bas de la fenêtre
Inspecteur.
Cette case est disponible uniquement si vous avez désélectionné l’option Vidéo activée dans la fenêtre Vidéo. L’activation de cette case garantit que toutes les annotations
et tous les marqueurs de chapitre et de podcast, ainsi que les illustrations et les URL,
sont incorporés au fichier multimédia de sortie.
Désactivez cette case
pour activer la case
« Autoriser les informations de podcasting ».
Activez cette case pour
inclure les informations
de podcasting dans
le fichier multimédia
de sortie.Chapitre 16 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4 235
2 Enregistrez ce réglage pour pouvoir l’appliquer à la cible d’un fichier multimédia
source.
Étape 3 : Appliquez le réglage à la cible du fichier multimédia source
Vous devez appliquer le réglage à la cible d’un fichier multimédia source pour pouvoir
configurer les informations de podcasting que ce réglage vous permet d’ajouter au
fichier multimédia de sortie. Consultez la section « Affectation de réglages à des fichiers multimédia sources » à la page 110 pour plus d’informations.
Étape 4 : Saisissez les annotations destinées au fichier multimédia de sortie
1 Cliquez sur une zone non cible de la tâche créée par le fichier multimédia source.
La fenêtre Inspecteur affiche les onglets Attributs A/N et Informations complémentaires.
2 Cliquez sur l’onglet Informations complémentaires.
3 L’onglet Informations complémentaires vous permet d’ajouter des annotations,
telles que le titre ou le nom de l’artiste, au fichier multimédia de sortie.
4 Choisissez dans le menu local d’ajout d’annotations un élément à ajouter au fichier
multimédia de sortie.
L’élément sélectionné apparaît dans la colonne Annotation.
5 Double-cliquez sur la colonne Valeur de l’élément pour saisir le texte de l’annotation.
6 Répétez cette procédure pour chaque élément d’annotation à ajouter au fichier multimédia de sortie.
7 Cliquez sur Enregistrer.
Consultez la section « Utilisation de l’Inspecteur avec des fichiers multimédia sources »
à la page 87 pour plus d’informations.
Choisissez des éléments
dans ce menu local pour
les inclure comme annotations dans le fichier
multimédia de sortie.
Cliquez sur Enregistrer une
fois les annotations ajoutées.236 Chapitre 16 Création de fichiers de sortie MPEG-4
Étape 5 : Créez et configurez les marqueurs du fichier multimédia de sortie
Vous pouvez utiliser la fenêtre Preview pour ajouter et configurer des marqueurs de
chapitre et de podcast destinés au fichier multimédia de sortie. Vous pouvez ajouter
manuellement les marqueurs ou importer une liste de marqueurs de chapitre. Chaque
marqueur de chapitre et de podcast peut porter un nom, être associé à une URL ou
recevoir une image ajoutée comme illustration.
Lors de la lecture du fichier, l’illustration est affichée avec l’URL (sur laquelle l’utilisateur
peut cliquer pour l’ouvrir dans un navigateur web).
Consultez la section « Ajout de marqueurs à un plan » à la page 317 pour obtenir des
détails sur l’ajout et la configuration de marqueurs dans la fenêtre Preview.
Étape 6 : Soumettez la tâche et vérifiez le fichier multimédia de sortie
Une fois que vous avez ajouté les annotations et les marqueurs au fichier, vous pouvez
le soumettre pour créer le fichier multimédia de sortie.
Une fois le processus d’encodage terminé, vous pouvez ouvrir le fichier multimédia de
sortie dans le lecteur QuickTime pour vérifier que les marqueurs, les URL et les illustrations s’affichent comme prévu.
Ajout de réglages et préréglages supplémentaires
Bien que le réglage du format de sortie constitue la partie la plus importante du processus de Compressor, vous pouvez également ajouter d’autres réglages et préréglages, tels que les filtres, le rognage, la taille des images, les actions et les destinations.
Pour plus d’instructions sur la manière d’ajouter ces paramètres, consultez les chapitres suivants :
 chapitre 19, « Ajout de filtres à un réglage », à la page 257
 chapitre 20, « Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage », à la page 273
 chapitre 21, « Ajout de réglages de géométrie », à la page 287
 chapitre 22, « Ajout d’actions à un réglage », à la page 297
 chapitre 24, « Création et changement de destinations », à la page 32517
237
17 Création de fichiers de sortie
QuickTime
Compressor fournit les outils nécessaires pour créer des
fichiers multimédia QuickTime.
QuickTime est une technologie multimédia multiplateforme, qui permet aux applications Mac OS de capturer et de lire des fichiers vidéo et audio, ainsi que des fichiers
d’images fixes. QuickTime prend en charge un large éventail de codecs et peut aussi
être mis à niveau pour accepter des options de codec supplémentaires, ainsi que des
codecs tiers. Consultez la section « Création de fichiers de sortie d’exportation
QuickTime » à la page 253 pour plus d’informations sur les options d’exportation
QuickTime supplémentaires.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime (p. 237)
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre AIFF Encoder QuickTime (p. 238)
 Flux de production de transcodage QuickTime (p. 246)
 Compréhension des codecs (p. 250)
 Codecs vidéo QuickTime (p. 250)
 Codecs audio QuickTime (p. 251)
Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime
QuickTime est une norme ouverte intégrant de nombreux codecs et constitue à la fois
une architecture multimédia et une architecture de diffusion de contenu largement utilisée pour la création et la distribution. Par exemple, beaucoup d’applications de composition et de montage vidéo utilisent QuickTime comme format de base, et la plupart des
créateurs de titres créent le contenu de leurs CD-ROM au format QuickTime. QuickTime
contient un grand nombre de codecs audio et vidéo appropriés à toutes les situations,
des flux vidéo aux DVD. L’architecture QuickTime peut aussi manipuler des formats de
fichier autres que les séquences QuickTime, par exemple les fichiers AVI et les flux 3G.
Pour plus d’informations sur la création de ces types de format, consultez le chapitre 18,
« Création de fichiers de sortie d’exportation QuickTime », à la page 253.238 Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime
À propos de la sous-fenêtre AIFF Encoder QuickTime
Les options suivantes apparaissent lorsque vous choisissez Séquence QuickTime dans
le menu local « Format de fichier » :
 Champ Extension de fichier : indique l’extension de fichier pour ce format de fichier de
sortie. L’extension de fichier .mov représente le format QuickTime. Il est conseillé de ne
pas modifier ce champ.
Fichiers multimédia QuickTime pour le web
Vous pouvez transmettre en continu vos fichiers multimédia de sortie sur Internet à
l’aide de QuickTime, après leur compression à un débit approprié à la bande passante
supposée des utilisateurs. Pour cela, convertissez vos fichiers multimédia de sortie soit
en séquences QuickTime à lancement rapide (téléchargement placé d’avance en
mémoire tampon), soit en séquences QuickTime Streaming (téléchargement complet).
Compressor vous permet de choisir différentes options de diffusion en continu via
le menu local Diffusion dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur QuickTime. Consultez la section du menu local Diffusion pour plus d’informations sur la diffusion en continu de
fichiers multimédia QuickTime sur Internet.
Tableau Résumé
Champ Extension
de fichier
Bouton Options (inactif)
Menu local
DiffusionChapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime 239
 Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche : cette case permet de désactiver la segmentation
des tâches. Elle n’est importante que si vous utilisez Compressor avec le traitement
distribué et avec l’encodage à deux passes ou multipasse. (La fonctionnalité de traitement distribué est limitée aux ordinateurs sur lesquels est installé Final Cut Studio.)
Pour plus d’informations, consultez la section « Segmentation de tâche et encodage 2
passes (ou multipasse) » à la page 64.
 Réglages vidéo et Réglages audio : ces boutons ouvrent respectivement les zones de
dialogue Réglages de compression et Réglages audio de QuickTime. Utilisez ces zones
de dialogue pour sélectionner les codecs appropriés et modifier les autres paramètres
de compression audio ou vidéo. Consultez les sections « À propos de la zone de dialogue Réglages audio » à la page 244 et « À propos de la zone de dialogue Réglages
de compression » à la page 242 pour plus d’informations sur ces zones de dialogue.
 Passthrough activé/désactivé : utilisez ces menus locaux pour activer ou désactiver
les réglages Vidéo et Audio. Activé signifie que la piste vidéo ou audio sera incluse
dans la séquence de sortie. Désactivé signifie que la piste vidéo ou audio sera exclue
de la séquence de sortie. Passthrough (audio uniquement) signifie que Compressor
va copier les données audio dans la séquence de sortie sans les modifier. Un exemple évocateur serait celui où vous devez convertir des fichiers HD (haute définition)
incluant plusieurs pistes audio en fichiers SD (définition standard) sans pour autant
déranger les pistes audio.
Remarque : si vous exportez une séquence filmée de Final Cut Pro à Compressor
(par les menus Fichier > Exporter > Via Compressor) et que vous appliquiez
un réglage avec l’option Passthrough activée, la partie audio du réglage se change
bien alors en réglage PCM en fonction de celui de la séquence et du nombre de
canaux, mais une seule piste est alors créée au moment de l’exportation de sortie. Si
la fonction de passthrough audio est nécessaire pour une séquence filmée
Final Cut Pro, exportez une séquence QuickTime (menus Fichier > Exporter >
Séquence QuickTime), puis importer la séquence dans Compressor.
Important : si « Passthrough » est sélectionné, les filtres de la sous-fenêtre Filtre ne
sont pas disponibles. De plus, les contrôles de resynchronisation de la sous-fenêtre
« Contrôles d’image » ne corrigerons pas l’audio, ce qui peut provoquer des erreurs
de synchronisation de la vidéo.240 Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime
 Diffusion : choisissez l’une des options de diffusion QuickTime suivantes dans ce
menu local :
 Aucune : si vous choisissez cette option (sélectionnée par défaut), votre fichier multimédia de sortie ne sera pas diffusé en continu sur Internet.
 Lancement rapide : grâce à cette option, votre fichier multimédia de sortie peut être
visualisé avant même qu’il ne soit complètement téléchargé depuis son serveur.
 Lancement rapide - En-tête comprimé : cette option produit le même résultat que
Lancement rapide (visualisation de votre fichier multimédia de sortie avant même
qu’il ne soit complètement téléchargé depuis le serveur), mais les fichiers multimé-
dia de sortie sont moins volumineux.
 Diffusion optimisée : cette option permet d’ajouter des pistes d’indices au fichier
multimédia de sortie, afin qu’il puisse être utilisé avec un serveur QuickTime
Streaming Server.
 Bouton Options : ce bouton reste inactif tant que l’option Diffusion optimisée n’est
pas sélectionnée dans le menu local Diffusion. Lorsque vous cliquez sur ce bouton,
la zone de dialogue Réglage d’exportation d’indications de QuickTime s’ouvre,
vous permettant de choisir des réglages supplémentaires pour les algorithmes
d’optimisation de votre flux de données.
 Tableau Résumé : affiche des détails complets pour ce réglage.
Marqueurs de chapitre et de podcast pour la sortie au format
QuickTime
Les marqueurs de chapitre de Final Cut Pro sont transférés dans d’autres fichiers
de sortie reconnaissables par QuickTime Player, iTunes (fichiers .m4v), Final Cut Pro
et DVD Studio Pro. Pour des informations sur l’ajout de marqueurs de chapitre et
de podcast, consultez la section « Ajout de marqueurs à un plan » à la page 317.Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime 241
Réglages vidéo et audio QuickTime
Les boutons Réglages vidéo et Réglages audio de QuickTime apparaissent dans
la sous-fenêtre Encodeur si vous sélectionnez Séquence QuickTime comme format de
fichier de sortie. Le bouton Réglages audio apparaît également si vous choisissez AIFF
dans le menu local « Format de fichier ». Ces boutons vous permettent d’ouvrir les
zones de dialogue Réglages de compression et Réglages Audio, dans lesquelles vous
pouvez modifier l’ensemble des codecs vidéo ou audio que vous souhaitez ajouter au
réglage sélectionné sous l’onglet Réglages.
Par défaut, les boutons Réglages vidéo et Réglages audio sont actifs, mais vous pouvez les désactiver en décochant leur case respective.
Paramètres des codecs vidéo
 Pour plus d’informations sur le mode de personnalisation des paramètres des
codecs vidéo, consultez l’étape 2 de la section « Ajout d’un codec vidéo QuickTime
à un réglage » à la page 247.
 Tous les codecs sont compatibles avec QuickTime, mais il est conseillé d’utiliser
ceux indiqués ci-dessous si vous avez l’intention de lire votre fichier de sortie avec
le lecteur QuickTime :
 H.264
 Photo-JPEG
Paramètres des codecs audio
 Pour plus d’informations sur le mode de personnalisation des paramètres des
codecs audio, consultez l’étape 3 de la section « Ajout d’un codec audio QuickTime
à un réglage » à la page 249.
 Tous les codecs sont compatibles avec QuickTime, mais il est conseillé d’utiliser
ceux indiqués ci-dessous si vous avez l’intention de lire votre fichier multimédia de
sortie avec le lecteur QuickTime :
 AAC
 IMA 4:1
Consultez la section « Codecs audio QuickTime » à la page 251 pour plus d’informations sur les codecs audio.242 Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime
À propos de la zone de dialogue Réglages de compression
Utilisez la zone de dialogue « Réglages de compression » pour modifier les paramètres
des codecs vidéo du format de sortie QuickTime. Pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue
« Réglages de compression », cliquez sur le bouton Réglages vidéo dans la sous-fenê-
tre Encodeur QuickTime.
Les éventuels réglages qui ne peuvent pas être modifiés restent inactifs. Certains codecs
vidéo, comme Sorenson Video 3 et Photo-JPEG, vous permettent d’effectuer des réglages supplémentaires. Dans ce cas, le bouton Options deviendrait actif. Cliquez dessus
pour procéder à des ajustements auxiliaires.
La zone de dialogue Réglages de compression contient les éléments suivants, en
fonction du codec que vous choisissez dans le menu local « Type de compression » :
 Type de compression : utilisez ce menu local pour choisir le codec vidéo à ajouter
à votre préréglage.
 Fréquence : avec ce menu local, vous pouvez réduire la fréquence d’images de votre
fichier original afin de réduire la taille du fichier compressé. En effet, des fréquences
d’images élevées rendent les mouvements plus réguliers, mais requièrent une bande
passante plus large. Utilisez le menu local Fréquence pour choisir une autre fré-
quence d’images, mais sachez que pour obtenir des résultats optimaux, la valeur
de fréquence d’images du fichier original doit être divisible par la nouvelle valeur.
Par exemple, si votre fichier original avait une fréquence d’images égale à 30 images
par seconde, vous devriez utiliser une fréquence d’images de 10 ou de 15 images
par seconde. Le choix d’une fréquence égale ou à peu près égale à 24 images par
seconde entraînerait un mouvement irrégulier, voire des images effacées, car 30
n’est pas exactement divisible par 24. Choisissez parmi les options suivantes : 8, 10,
12, 15, 23.98, 24, 25, 29.97, 30, 59.94, 60 ips, ou choisissez Personnalisé afin de saisir
une valeur manuellement.
Choisissez une
fréquence d’images
dans ce menu local.
Cliquez sur le bouton
Options pour accéder à
des réglages de configuration supplémentaires.
Sélectionnez un type
de compression
dans ce menu local.Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime 243
 Images clés : si le codec que vous avez sélectionné le permet, utilisez le champ
« Images clés Tous les » pour saisir le nombre d’images souhaité entre deux images
clés. Les codecs qui reposent sur une méthode de compression temporelle utilisent
des images clés. Celles-ci servent d’images de référence pour la séquence d’images
suivante, ce qui permet de supprimer n’importe quelle donnée redondante entre
l’image clé et les images suivantes. Les images clés sont séparées par des images
delta moins détaillées. L’insertion d’images clés dans votre fichier multimédia est
nécessaire à cause des variations de contenu. Certains codecs vidéo permettent
d’insérer une image clé toutes les X images, alors que d’autres utilisent des images
clés naturelles en analysant la totalité du fichier pour rechercher des similarités et
différences importantes, puis en insérant des images clés en fonction des résultats
obtenus.
Si votre fichier multimédia comporte beaucoup de mouvements, vous devez insérer
des images clés plus souvent que vous ne le feriez avec un contenu plus statique,
comme une séquence montrant un présentateur.
 Menu local Profondeur : utilisez le menu local Profondeur pour définir le réglage de
la couleur. Par exemple, si une séquence QuickTime est composée de millions ou de
centaines de couleurs et que l’ordinateur de lecture n’est capable d’afficher que 256
couleurs, ce paramètre est nécessaire pour résoudre cette différence de couleur.
Les options proposées par ce menu local changent en fonction du codec vidéo sélectionné dans le menu local « Type de compression ». Par exemple, si vous choisissez le
codec PNG, vous pouvez faire votre choix parmi une sélection allant des gris à plusieurs millions de couleurs, tandis que le codec Photo-JPEG ne vous permet de choisir qu’entre la couleur et une échelle de gris.
Image clé
Images delta
Image clé244 Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime
 Curseur Qualité : utilisez ce curseur pour modifier la qualité générale de l’image
de votre fichier traité. Il s’agit d’un paramètre subjectif qui permet d’améliorer la
qualité en réduisant la bande passante et inversement, et confère la même qualité
à l’ensemble du fichier multimédia. Une qualité minimum signifie que les fichiers
de sortie requièrent une bande passante plus étroite et qu’ils sont diffusés plus
rapidement. Les paramètres disponibles sont Inférieure, Basse, Moyenne, Élevée
et Optimale. Vous pouvez également positionner ce curseur entre l’un de ces paramètres pour obtenir un débit plus spécifique (affiché numériquement).
 Bouton Options : ce bouton est estompé, sauf si le codec sélectionné dans le menu
local « Type de compression » propose des options. Il est conseillé de contacter directement les fabricants de ces codecs pour obtenir plus d’informations sur les options
supplémentaires offertes.
 Débit : utilisez ce champ pour définir le nombre de kilo-octets par seconde (Ko/s)
requis pour diffuser votre fichier multimédia. Ce réglage est utile si vous utilisez un
débit spécifique (tel qu’une connexion DSL) ou une quantité d’espace spécifique (sur
un DVD ou un CD-ROM). Vous devriez choisir un débit approprié pour une diffusion
moyenne et, dans la mesure du possible, le configurer au maximum dans les limites
de vos données. Ce paramètre est prioritaire sur tous les autres paramètres de qualité du codec, car ce dernier compresse le fichier autant que possible, conformément
au débit limite introduit.
N’oubliez pas que le débit ne concerne que la piste vidéo de votre fichier multimé-
dia. Si votre fichier multimédia possède également des données audio, vous devez
aussi en tenir compte.
À propos de la zone de dialogue Réglages audio
Utilisez la zone de dialogue Réglages audio pour modifier les réglages de compression
audio des formats de sortie QuickTime ou AIFF. Pour ouvrir cette zone de dialogue,
cliquez sur le bouton Réglages audio dans la sous-fenêtre Séquence QuickTime ou
Encodeur AIFF.Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime 245
Les éventuels réglages audio qui ne peuvent pas être modifiés restent inactifs. Certains
codecs audio, comme Qualcomm PureVoice et QDesign Music 2, vous permettent
d’effectuer des réglages supplémentaires. Dans ce cas, le bouton Options deviendrait
actif. Cliquez dessus pour procéder à des ajustements auxiliaires.
La zone de dialogue Réglages audio contient les éléments suivants, avec différents
choix pour chacun, en fonction du codec audio que vous choisissez dans le menu local
Format.
 Format : choisissez le codec audio à ajouter à votre réglage.
 Canaux : choisissez le type de sortie de canal, par exemple mono, stéréo ou un type
de sortie multicanal, en fonction du codec.
 Fréquence : choisissez le taux d’échantillonnage à appliquer à votre fichier multimé-
dia. Plus le taux d’échantillonnage est important, meilleure est la qualité, mais plus
le fichier est volumineux. Or, le téléchargement de fichiers volumineux est plus long
et requiert une bande passante plus large.
 Options : ce bouton demeure estompé, sauf si le codec sélectionné dans le menu
local Format propose des options. Il est conseillé de contacter directement les fabricants de ces codecs pour obtenir plus d’informations sur les options supplémentaires offertes.
Menu local Format
Champ et menu
local Fréquence
Bouton Options (inactif)246 Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime
Tailles et fréquences d’échantillonnage audio QuickTime
Si vous disposez de l’espace disque et de la bande passante suffisants, il est préférable
de ne pas compresser les données audio. Une composante audio non compressée
utilise normalement des échantillons sur 8 bits (qualité téléphone) ou sur 16 bits
(qualité CD). Compressor prend en charge un maximum de 64 bits par échantillon en
virgule flottante et une fréquence d’échantillonnage maximale de 192 kHz.
Choix d’un codec audio
AAC est un bon codec de diffusion audio polyvalent, compatible avec un large éventail
de périphériques de lecture. Pour de faibles bandes passantes sur des ordinateurs rapides, le codec QDesign Music (QDMC) est approprié à la plupart des cas, tandis que
le codec Qualcomm PureVoice est le meilleur choix pour les contenus exclusivement
vocaux. Concernant les ordinateurs plus lents, les CD-ROM et les bornes interactives,
le codec IMA est une meilleure option, car il fait moins appel aux ressources de l’ordinateur, ce qui permet à ce dernier de se focaliser sur le flux vidéo, plus exigeant. Consultez la section « Codecs audio QuickTime » à la page 251 pour plus d’informations sur
les codecs audio.
Flux de production de transcodage QuickTime
Les étapes suivantes présentent le processus de transcodage nécessaire à la création
de fichiers multimédia de sortie QuickTime :
Étape 1 : Ouvrez la sous-fenêtre Encodeur QuickTime
Il existe une multitude de codecs vidéo et audio QuickTime parmi lesquels vous pouvez choisir dans Compressor. Ceux-ci sont accessibles par l’intermédiaire des zones de
dialogue Réglages de compression et Réglages audio, que vous ouvrez à partir de
la sous-fenêtre Encodeur QuickTime en cliquant sur les boutons Réglages vidéo et
Réglages audio.
1 Dans l’onglet Réglages, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Assurez-vous que le réglage correct est sélectionné.
 Créez un réglage en choisissant Séquence QuickTime dans le menu local « Créer
un réglage » (+).Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime 247
2 Ouvrez la sous-fenêtre Encodeur dans la fenêtre Inspecteur.
La sous-fenêtre Encodeur QuickTime s’affiche par défaut, avec les boutons Réglages
vidéo et Réglages audio, les menus locaux Activer, le menu local Diffusion, le bouton
Options (inactif) et le tableau Résumé. Consultez la section « À propos de la sousfenêtre AIFF Encoder QuickTime » à la page 238 pour plus d’informations.
Remarque : assurez-vous que les menus locaux Activer en regard des boutons Réglages sont réglés sur Activer si vous souhaitez inclure ces réglages dans le transcodage.
Étape 2 : Ajout d’un codec vidéo QuickTime à un réglage
Pour ajouter un codec vidéo QuickTime à votre réglage, ouvrez la zone de dialogue
« Réglages de compression », puis choisissez un codec vidéo dans le menu local « Type
de compression ».
Remarque : si vous avez l’intention de n’utiliser aucun réglage vidéo, décochez la case
Activer à côté du bouton Réglages vidéo.248 Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime
1 Cliquez sur le bouton Réglages vidéo dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur QuickTime.
La zone de dialogue « Réglages de compression » s’ouvre.
2 Choisissez un codec vidéo dans le menu local « Type de compression », puis acceptez
ses réglages par défaut ou personnalisez les autres réglages (le mouvement, le mode
d’encodage, la qualité, la profondeur et, si possible, les options). Consultez les sections
ci-dessous pour de plus amples informations sur les codecs vidéo :
 « Paramètres des codecs vidéo » à la page 241
 « À propos de la zone de dialogue Réglages de compression » à la page 242
 « Codecs vidéo QuickTime » à la page 250
Remarque : vous pouvez voir le contenu actuel du réglage en affichant le tableau
Résumé.
3 Cliquez sur OK pour enregistrer les modifications et fermer la zone de dialogue.
Choisissez un codec
vidéo dans le menu local
« Type de compression ».Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime 249
Étape 3 : Ajout d’un codec audio QuickTime à un réglage
Si vous souhaitez ajouter un codec audio à votre réglage, ouvrez la zone de dialogue
Réglages audio, puis choisissez vos paramètres de codec audio.
Remarque : si vous avez l’intention de n’utiliser aucun paramètre audio, décochez la
case Activer à côté du bouton Réglages audio.
1 Cliquez sur le bouton Réglages audio dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur QuickTime.
La zone de dialogue Réglages audio s’ouvre.
2 Choisissez un codec audio dans le menu local Format, puis acceptez ses paramètres par
défaut ou personnalisez les autres réglages du codec audio (le format, les canaux, la fré-
quence d’échantillonnage et, si possible, les options).
Consultez les sections ci-dessous pour de plus amples informations sur les codecs audio :
 « Paramètres des codecs audio » à la page 241
 « À propos de la zone de dialogue Réglages audio » à la page 244
 « Codecs audio QuickTime » à la page 251
Remarque : vous pouvez voir le détail du contenu actuel du réglage en affichant
le tableau Résumé.
3 Cliquez sur OK pour enregistrer vos réglages et fermer la zone de dialogue.
Choisissez un codec audio
dans le menu local Format.250 Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime
Compréhension des codecs
Codec est issu de la contraction de compresseur (CO) et de décompresseur (DEC).
Différents codecs sont utilisés en fonction des différentes méthodes de lecture
(comme le web ou les CD-ROM). Vous pouvez choisir le codec approprié dès que vous
connaissez la méthode de lecture de votre audience cible. Pour savoir quel codec
répond le mieux à vos besoins, vous devez choisir le niveau de compression nécessaire
selon le débit limite et le niveau de qualité souhaités.
Les sections suivantes vous expliquent comment faire votre choix entre un codec audio
et un codec vidéo.
Codecs vidéo QuickTime
Chaque codec présente des avantages et des inconvénients. Certains sont plus adaptés au stockage de certains types de média, d’autres introduisent plus d’artefacts.
Certains compressent lentement et décompressent rapidement, tandis que d’autres
compressent et décompressent à la même vitesse. Certains codecs peuvent compresser un fichier à 1/100e de sa taille originale, alors que d’autres ne réduisent la taille d’un
fichier que très peu. Certains codecs ne fonctionnent qu’avec des systèmes d’exploitation donnés, d’autres requièrent un processeur particulier ou une version minimum de
QuickTime pour la lecture.
Lors du choix d’un codec, vous devez prendre en compte les points suivants :
 la configuration minimum du système de votre audience cible,
 le matériel source,
 la qualité du fichier multimédia compressé,
 la taille du fichier multimédia compressé,
Ajout de réglages et préréglages supplémentaires
Bien que le réglage du format de sortie constitue la partie la plus importante du
flux de production de Compressor, vous pouvez également ajouter d’autres réglages
et préréglages, tels que les filtres, le rognage, la taille des images, les actions et
les destinations. Pour plus d’instructions sur la manière d’ajouter ces paramètres,
consultez les chapitres suivants :
 chapitre 19, « Ajout de filtres à un réglage », à la page 257
 chapitre 20, « Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage », à la page 273
 chapitre 21, « Ajout de réglages de géométrie », à la page 287
 chapitre 22, « Ajout d’actions à un réglage », à la page 297
 chapitre 24, « Création et changement de destinations », à la page 325Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime 251
 la durée de compression/décompression du fichier multimédia,
 la diffusion ou non du fichier multimédia en continu.
Compressor est livré avec les codecs vidéo standard offerts par QuickTime et les options
de codec supplémentaires livrées avec QuickTime Pro. À moins d’être sûr que les ordinateurs de votre public cible sont équipés d’un codec particulier, utilisez l’un des codecs
QuickTime standard afin de garantir une compatibilité globale.
Remarque : consultez la documentation sur QuickTime pour plus d’informations sur
le choix des codec vidéo et la façon de tirer au mieux parti de leurs paramètres.
Les codecs vidéo peuvent être divisés en deux types : les codecs sans perte et
les codecs avec perte.
 Codecs sans perte : les codecs sans perte préservent intégralement les données qu’ils
compressent et sont généralement utilisés pour transférer un métrage d’une suite
d’édition à une autre. Ce type de codec peut nécessiter d’importants débits et des
ordinateurs de pointe équipés d’un matériel spécialisé. Les codecs Animation et 4:4:2
non compressés 8 bits et 10 bits sont des exemples de codecs sans perte.
 Codecs avec perte : contrairement aux codecs sans perte, les codecs avec perte ne
renvoient qu’une approximation des données et sont généralement utilisés pour
transmettre de la vidéo finalisée à un utilisateur final. Le niveau d’approximation
dépend de la qualité du codec. Généralement, il existe un compromis entre la qualité
de sortie du codec et le niveau de compression auquel il parvient. Avec certains
codecs, il est possible d’atteindre un taux de compression d’au moins 5:1 sans dégradation visible. Le codec Photo-JPEG est un exemple de codec avec perte.
Une compression avec perte de faible qualité introduit des artefacts visuels non naturels qui peuvent être visibles à l’œil nu. Si vous utilisez un codec avec perte, il est conseillé de ne compresser votre fichier multimédia qu’une seule fois, car le fait de
comprimer un fichier plusieurs fois multiplierait les défauts.
Codecs audio QuickTime
Si vous disposez de l’espace disque et de la bande passante suffisants, la meilleure
chose à faire est de ne pas compresser les données audio. Les données audio non compressées utilisent normalement des échantillons 8 bits (qualité téléphone) ou 16 bits
(qualité CD). Compressor prend en charge un maximum de 64 bits par échantillon en
virgule flottante et une fréquence d’échantillonnage maximale de 192 kHz. À l’inverse,
si l’espace disque et la bande passante dont vous disposez sont limités, la compression
des données audio est nécessaire. Toutefois, comme les données audio d’un fichier
multimédia occupent moins d’espace disque que les données vidéo, il n’est pas indispensable de les compresser autant.252 Chapitre 17 Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime
Les principaux composants des codecs audio sont leur taille et leur taux d’échantillonnage. Le taux d’échantillonnage définit la qualité du son, tandis que la taille d’échantillonnage définit sa dynamique. Les codecs audio QuickTime permettent de définir
le taux d’échantillonnage et la dynamique de votre fichier multimédia source.
Taux d’échantillonnage audio
Le son numérique consiste en différents échantillons sonores capturés à différentes
fréquences. Plus il y a d’échantillons par seconde, plus la qualité du son est bonne.
Par exemple, les CD audio utilisent un taux d’échantillonnage de 44,1 kHz, les DVD en
utilisent un de 48 kHz et les réseaux téléphoniques échantillonnent la voix à 8 kHz.
Le taux d’échantillonnage que vous allez choisir dépend de la nature du son. En effet,
la musique requiert un taux d’échantillonnage supérieur à celui de la voix, car sa bande
de fréquences est beaucoup plus large. Étant donné que la bande de fréquences
de la voix est beaucoup plus limitée, vous pouvez choisir un taux d’échantillonnage
plus bas tout en maintenant une qualité audio acceptable. Dans la plupart des cas,
il est recommandé de toujours choisir le taux d’échantillonnage le plus élevé parmi
ceux disponibles.
La réduction du taux d’échantillonnage peut réduire la taille d’un fichier multimédia
dans un rapport de 5:1. La qualité audio en sera affectée, mais pas autant que si vous
utilisiez un échantillonnage sur 8 bits. Le tableau suivant indique des taux d’échantillonnage habituels et pour chacun, la qualité audio équivalente attendue :
Taille d’échantillonnage audio
La taille d’échantillonnage détermine la plage dynamique du son. Un son 8 bits fournit
256 valeurs possibles, tandis qu’un son 16 bits autorise plus de 65 000 valeurs.
Choisissez un son 16 bits pour de la musique avec des sections hautes et modérées,
comme de la musique orchestrale. Pour la voix ou la musique avec un niveau sonore
plus ou moins constant, un son 8 bits devrait fournir de bons résultats.
Si vous avez besoin de diminuer la taille de votre fichier multimédia, vous pouvez
réduire la taille d’échantillonnage de 16 bits à 8 bits. Cela permet de diviser la taille du
fichier par deux, mais dégrade également la qualité audio.
Taux d’échantillonnage Qualité audio équivalente
48 kHz DAT/DV/DVD
44 kHz CD
22 kHz Radio FM
8 kHz Téléphone18
253
18 Création de fichiers de sortie
d’exportation QuickTime
Vous pouvez utiliser Compressor pour produire une grande
variété de formats supplémentaires à l’aide de la fonction de
module du composant QuickTime.
Le présent chapitre décrit comment profiter fonction de module du composant
QuickTime qui donne accès à une grande variété de formats de fichier supplémentaires que Compressor peut produire à partir de vos fichiers multimédia sources :
 Création de fichiers de sortie d’exportation QuickTime (p. 253)
 Installation des modules de composant d’exportation QuickTime (p. 254)
 À propos du module iPod (p. 254)
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur Composants d’exportation au format
QuickTime (p. 255)
 Configuration des réglages de composant d’exportation (p. 256)
Création de fichiers de sortie d’exportation QuickTime
Compressor et QuickTime peuvent également être étendus afin de prendre en charge
des options de codec et formats tiers supplémentaires. Cette section se concentre sur la
fonctionnalité de module de composant QuickTime, qui vous permet d’exporter des formats de fichier exotiques pouvant être lus sur des périphériques et systèmes d’exploitation tiers, tels que les téléphones portables. Contrairement aux séquences QuickTime,
ces fichiers exportés ne peuvent pas être lus par QuickTime Player ou d’autres applications QuickTime. Pour plus d’informations sur le format de fichier de séquence QuickTime
natif, consultez la section « Création de fichiers de sortie QuickTime » à la page 237.254 Chapitre 18 Création de fichiers de sortie d’exportation QuickTime
Par le passé, la création de ces types de fichier nécessitait plusieurs étapes et plusieurs
systèmes d’exploitation : l’exportation du fichier, son déplacement vers un ordinateur
sur une autre plate-forme, puis l’encodage à l’aide d’une autre application logicielle.
La fonctionnalité Composants d’exportation QuickTime vous permet de contrôler
le moteur d’encodage tiers sans avoir à ouvrir une autre application. Cela permet
de rationaliser le flux de production tout en vous permettant de gagner du temps
et d’éviter de travailler avec plusieurs systèmes d’exploitation et logiciels.
Installation des modules de composant d’exportation
QuickTime
Sans aucun logiciel tiers supplémentaire, Compressor prend actuellement en
charge l’encodage 3G, AVI et iPod. La fonctionnalité de composant d’exportation de
Compressor a été développée pour permettre l’ajout de modules d’exportation supplé-
mentaires dans le futur. Il suffira d’installer le logiciel tiers, puis de choisir le format de
fichier de sortie correspondant dans le menu local « Type d’encodeur » de la sous-fenê-
tre Encodeur Composants d’exportation au format QuickTime de la fenêtre Inspecteur.
Pour en savoir plus sur les modules et mises à jour disponibles, consultez le site web
de support de Compressor : http://www.apple.com/fr/support/compressor.
À propos du module iPod
Le format « Composants d’exportation au format QuickTime » comporte un type
d’encodeur pour iPod. Cet encodeur crée un fichier de sortie qui peut être lu sur un iPod
à l’aide d’un Encodeur H.264 pour la vidéo et un encodeur AAC pour l’audio. Tous les
réglages (dimension de l’image, fréquence d’images, etc.) sont définis automatiquement.
Les inconvénients de l’utilisation de ce module (par rapport à l’utilisation du format de
sortie H.264 pour périphériques Apple) sont l’impossibilité de bénéficier du traitement
distribué, d’ajouter des marqueurs de chapitre et d’utiliser la sous-fenêtre Contrôles
d’image.
Consultez le chapitre 10, « Création de fichiers de sortie H.264 pour appareils Apple », à
la page 159 pour en savoir plus sur la création de fichiers de données de sortie iPod.Chapitre 18 Création de fichiers de sortie d’exportation QuickTime 255
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur Composants
d’exportation au format QuickTime
Les options suivantes apparaissent lorsque vous choisissez le format de sortie
Composants d’exportation au format QuickTime dans le menu local « Format de
fichier » de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur de la fenêtre Inspecteur :
 Extension de fichier : ce champ indique l’extension de fichier pour le format de sortie
sélectionné dans le menu Type d’encodeur.
 Autoriser la segmentation de la tâche : cette case vous permet de désactiver la segmentation de tâche. Étant donné que la segmentation n’est pas utilisée avec le format « Composant d’exportation », cette case n’est pas activée. Pour plus
d’informations, consultez la section « Segmentation de tâche et encodage 2 passes
(ou multipasse) » à la page 64.
 Type d’encodeur : utilisez ce menu local pour choisir parmi les formats de sortie
de composant d’exportation disponibles (modules).
 Options : cliquez sur ce bouton pour ouvrir la fenêtre Réglages pour le format
de fichier de sortie sélectionné dans le menu local « Type d’encodeur ».
Champ Extension
de fichier
Choisissez Composants d’exportation
au format QuickTime.
Cliquez pour afficher les
options du module
d’encodage.
Choisissez un
module d’encodage.256 Chapitre 18 Création de fichiers de sortie d’exportation QuickTime
Configuration des réglages de composant d’exportation
Lorsque vous choisissez « Composants d’exportation au format QuickTime » comme
format de sortie, vous pouvez uniquement créer des réglages pour les modules
d’exportation installés.
Pour créer des réglages « Composants d’exportation au format QuickTime » :
1 Dans l’onglet Réglages, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Assurez-vous que le réglage correct est sélectionné.
 Créez un réglage en choisissant « Composants d’exportation au format QuickTime »
dans le menu local « Créer un réglage » (+).
2 Choisissez un format de fichier de sortie dans le menu local « Type d’encodeur ».
3 Cliquez sur le bouton Options dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur.
La fenêtre Réglages de ce format de fichier de sortie particulier apparaît.
Important : utilisez l’interface utilisateur du module d’exportation tiers pour saisir de
façon explicite la largeur, la hauteur et la fréquence d’images caractérisant le fichier de
sortie. Ne laissez pas les champs de largeur, de hauteur et de fréquence d’images dans
l’interface utilisateur de tierce partie sur leurs valeurs par défaut (c’est-à-dire leurs
valeurs « actuelles »).
4 Cliquez sur OK pour enregistrer vos réglages et fermer la zone de dialogue.
Remarque : la fonction « Contrôles d’images » de Compressor n’est pas disponible lors
de l’utilisation de la fonction Composants d’exportation au format QuickTime.
Configurez des réglages
pour le composant
d’exportation QuickTime.19
257
19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage
Compressor comprend divers filtres (tels que les filtres d’étalonnage et de suppression de bruit) dont vous pouvez vous
servir pour modifier les détails de vos projets de transcodage.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 Utilisation des filtres (p. 257)
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Filtres (p. 260)
 Filtres disponibles (p. 261)
 Ajout de filtres à un réglage (p. 271)
Utilisation des filtres
Vous pouvez traiter votre fichier multimédia source à l’aide de divers filtres avant de
le transcoder, afin de contribuer à l’amélioration de la qualité de sortie de la vidéo et du
son. La meilleure façon d’affecter ces réglages de filtre consiste à regarder, et écouter,
votre fichier multimédia source et à choisir ce qui est le plus approprié en fonction de
son contenu.
Filtres de prévisualisation
Vous pouvez prévisualiser un extrait contenant vos réglages de filtre actuels en cliquant sur la cible dans la fenêtre Lot afin de l’ouvrir dans la fenêtre Preview. L’écran
Preview est divisé en deux parties dans lesquelles sont affichées la version originale et
la version transcodée de votre fichier multimédia, pour que vous puissiez voir et entendre les effets de vos réglages de filtre avant de traiter le lot (à condition que la case correspondant à ce filtre particulier soit sélectionnée).
Cela peut s’avérer utile si vous utilisez plusieurs filtres, car il est parfois difficile de pré-
voir la manière dont les filtres interagissent.
Important : l’ordre des filtres dans la liste de filtres correspond à l’ordre dans lequel ils
sont appliqués à la vidéo ou au son. Essayez de changer l’ordre des filtres si vous voyez
des résultats inattendus dans la fenêtre Preview.258 Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage
Lorsque vous êtes satisfait de vos paramètres, il est conseillé de parcourir la totalité du
film afin de vous assurer que les changements ne sont pas trop importants pour certaines scènes.
Remarque : selon votre système, le type de fichier multimédia source et le nombre de
filtres appliqués, il se peut que la fenêtre Preview dans laquelle les réglages de filtres
sont affichés soit actualisée à une fréquence d’images inférieure à celle de la source.
Pour plus d’informations, consultez le chapitre 23, « Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview »,
à la page 303.
Désentrelacement
La vidéo NTSC et la vidéo PAL sont entrelacées, c’est-à-dire que chaque image vidéo
consiste en deux champs (déphasés de 1/60e de seconde), l’un avec les lignes de diffusion impaires et l’autre avec les lignes paires de l’image. La différence entre ces deux
champs crée l’impression de mouvement, car nos yeux combinent ces deux images en
une seule, ce qui permet d’obtenir à 30 images par seconde (en télévision définition
standard) un mouvement régulier et réaliste. De plus, comme le taux de rafraîchissement des champs est élevé (1/60e de seconde), l’entrelacement est invisible.
Les ajustements que
vous faites peuvent être
visualisés dans
la fenêtre Preview.Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage 259
Comme l’entrelacement crée deux trames pour chaque image, les zones d’une trame
où le mouvement est rapide sont séparées par des lignes alternatives en escalier. Vous
pouvez visualiser votre média source image par image et vérifier la présence de bandes horizontales sur les bords avant et arrière des objets en mouvement. Si vous pouvez voir ces dernières, vous devez désentrelacer votre fichier multimédia source afin de
le convertir à un format image par image.
Remarque : pour le désentrelacement, l’option « Contrôles d’images » est recommandée par rapport au filtre de désentrelacement (filtre propriétaire), car elle offre toujours
une qualité très supérieure. Pour plus d’informations, consultez le chapitre 20, « Ajout
de contrôles d’images à un réglage », à la page 273.
Espaces de couleur
Compressor prend en charge les espaces colorimétriques suivants : YUV (R408), 2VUY,
RGBA, ARGB et YUV (v210). Certains filtres requièrent une conversion des espaces de
couleur, tandis que d’autres peuvent manipuler plusieurs espaces de couleur. Pour chaque fichier multimédia, Compressor choisit l’espace colorimétrique le plus approprié
pour délivrer les meilleurs résultats de sortie et de performances en fonction de
l’espace colorimétrique de ces trois attributs : le format du média source, le format
de l’encodeur et les filtres choisis.
L’entrelaçage crée un effet
de « peigne » qui doit être
supprimé.260 Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Filtres
Utilisez les fonctions suivantes de la sous-fenêtre Filtres de l’Inspecteur pour sélectionner et ajuster les filtres à appliquer à vos réglages.
 Liste des filtres : cochez la case située à gauche du filtre que vous souhaitez ajouter aux
préréglages. Les paramètres de filtrage que vous sélectionnez apparaissent dans le
tableau de la sous-fenêtre Résumé. Vous pouvez réorganiser les filtres en les déplaçant
vers le bas ou le haut dans la liste Filtres. Comme ces filtres sont traités un par un pendant le transcodage (en commençant par le premier de la liste), leur classement dans la
liste est très important. Par exemple, il est recommandé de placer le filtre de superposition de texte en dernier, afin que la couleur que vous avez choisie pour le texte ne soit
pas modifiée par un autre filtre.
 Contrôles du filtre : les contrôles disponibles dépendent du filtre sélectionné dans
la liste. Le curseur de défilement vous permet de modifier rapidement les valeurs
numériques de votre paramètre, tandis que les boutons fléchés n’autorisent que des
modifications incrémentielles de la valeur numérique. Le numéro du paramètre
apparaît dans le champ situé entre le curseur de défilement et les boutons fléchés.
Remarque : après avoir paramétré un filtre, sa case est automatiquement cochée.
Si vous décidez de ne plus vouloir utiliser ce filtre, assurez-vous de décocher sa case
avant de procéder au transcodage.
Liste des filtres.
Contrôles de filtre.
Choisissez des filtres
vidéo ou audio.Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage 261
Filtres disponibles
La sous-fenêtre Filtres comprend deux onglets : un pour la vidéo et un pour l’audio.
Filtres vidéo
 Rétablir BlackWhite : transforme les couleurs s’approchant du noir en noir pur et
les couleurs s’approchant du blanc en blanc pur, sans modifier les autres couleurs du
reste de l’image. Utilisez ce filtre pour mieux compresser les zones unies noires et
blanches (luminance) de l’image, par exemple les arrière-plans. Les deux curseurs de
défilement permettent de régler indépendamment les valeurs du blanc et du noir
entre 0 et 100. Consultez la section « Espaces de couleur » à la page 259 pour plus
d’informations sur la façon dont les espaces de couleur sont liés à ce filtre.
 Luminosité et Contraste : modifie la couleur générale et les valeurs de luminance de votre
fichier multimédia de sortie pour que l’image soit plus claire ou plus foncée. Certains
codecs QuickTime assombrissent votre fichier vidéo ; vous pouvez donc utiliser ce filtre
pour compenser ce phénomène. Choisissez une valeur comprise entre -100 et 100, mais il
est déconseillé d’utiliser des valeurs extrêmes pour ne pas obtenir des images délavées.262 Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage
 Étalonnage des hautes lumières, Tons intermédiaires ou Ombres : en fonction de ce que
vous choisissez, cette option corrige les inexactitudes de balance des blancs et crée
des effets de couleur dans les zones de couleurs vives, de tons intermédiaires ou de
tons foncés des images de votre plan. Les valeurs de rouge, de vert et de bleu peuvent être réglées indépendamment entre -100 et 100.
 Désentrelaçage : supprime les effets de l’entrelacement. Si votre fichier multimédia
source doit être converti en un format image par image, vous devez le désentrelacer
pour supprimer les effets de l’entrelacement. L’entrelacement sur les écrans d’ordinateur peut conférer aux objets en déplacement rapide un aspect flou, ce qui rend ce
paramètre particulièrement important si vous lisez une vidéo au format QuickTime
sur votre ordinateur ou en continu sur Internet. Vous pouvez supprimer la trame
supérieure (impaire) ou inférieure (paire) d’un fichier vidéo entrelacé, mais cela aura
un impact sur la fluidité des mouvements du plan. Lors des arrêts sur image, ce filtre
peut également être utilisé pour éliminer le papillotement causé par l’entrelacement
des images qui présentent de fines lignes verticales, comme les pages de titre avec
du texte de petite taille. Les trames restantes sont interpolées pour créer une image
complète, ce qui conduit à un adoucissement général de l’image.
Consultez la section « Désentrelacement » à la page 258 pour plus d’informations.
Remarque : l’option « Contrôles d’images » est recommandée par rapport au filtre
de désentrelacement (filtre propriétaire), car elle offre toujours une qualité très supé-
rieure. Pour plus d’informations, consultez le chapitre 20, « Ajout de contrôles
d’images à un réglage », à la page 273.Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage 263
Parmi les méthodes de désentrelacement suivantes, sélectionnez dans le menu local
celle qui fonctionne le mieux avec votre métrage :
 Blur : mélange les trames paires et impaires. Ce paramètre rend les données temporaires plus importantes et préserve mieux les mouvements, mais comme
les images individuelles sont composées de deux images, leur qualité n’est pas
optimale lorsque vous suspendez la lecture.
 Pair : garde les trames paires et ignore les trames impaires, évitant ainsi les mouvements flous.
 Impair : garde les trames impaires et ignore les trames paires, évitant ainsi les mouvements flous.
 Accentué : traite les deux trames pour rendre les bords plus nets. Ce paramètre met
en valeur les données spatiales.
 Fondu entrant/sortant : ajoute un fondu partant de ou aboutissant à une couleur de
cache au début et à la fin du plan.
 Durées de fondu entrant et sortant : définit la durée du fondu.
 Opacité de fondu entrant et sortant : définit l’opacité de la première image vidéo du
plan (fondu entrant) ou de la dernière (fondu sortant). Une valeur de 0,0 signifie
que l’image vidéo concernée est complètement recouverte par la couleur de
cache. Une valeur de 0,5 détermine un plan recouvert à 50 pour cent par la couleur de cache.
 Couleur du fondu : définit la couleur de cache. Si vous cliquez sur cette option,
le sélecteur de couleurs apparaît pour vous permettre de choisir la couleur de
départ et d’arrivée du fondu. (La couleur du fondu entrant doit être la même que
celle du fondu sortant.)264 Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage
 Correction Gamma : contrôle la luminosité générale d’une image telle qu’elle apparaît à l’écran en modifiant la valeur du gamma du fichier multimédia. Ce filtre peut
être utilisé pour supprimer les détails d’un plan sous-exposé ou pour réduire la saturation d’un plan surexposé à un niveau acceptable sans conduire à des images trop
délavées. Les ordinateurs fonctionnant avec différents systèmes d’exploitation pré-
sentent divers paramètres d’écran. En visualisation multi-plateforme, la correction
gamma améliore l’image quelle que soit la plate-forme utilisée. Choisissez une valeur
gamma comprise entre 0,1 et 4,0.
 Letterbox : met à l’échelle et positionne l’image entre des barres horizontales de type
« letterbox ».
 Type : ce menu local permet de choisir le type de format Letterbox à utiliser.
Échelle compresse verticalement la vidéo afin qu’elle tienne dans les barres
Letterbox. Cache rogne la vidéo dans laquelle les barres Letterbox sont placées.
 Position : ce menu local permet de choisir la position de la vidéo. L’option Au centre
place des barres noires au-dessus et en dessous de la vidéo, cette dernière restant
centrée. L’option Bas positionne la vidéo au bas de l’écran, avec une barre noire unique au-dessus. L’option Haut positionne la vidéo en haut de l’écran, avec une barre
Letterbox unique au-dessous.
 Sortie : ce menu local permet de choisir les proportions spécifiques à utiliser pour
le format Letterbox. Chaque paramètre est suivi d’une valeur qui indique le ratio
largeur/hauteur utilisé pour ce paramètre. Ainsi, le paramètre Academy indique
un ratio de 1,85 :1, ce qui signifie que la largeur de l’image est égale à 1,85 fois sa
hauteur. Le paramètre Manuelle active le curseur Manuelle que vous pouvez utiliser pour définir manuellement les proportions du format Letterbox. Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage 265
 Curseur Manuelle : utilisé lorsque l’option Manuelle est sélectionnée dans le menu
local Sortie. Cette option permet de définir manuellement les proportions Letterbox. Le curseur Manuelle n’a aucun effet lorsque l’option Manuelle n’est pas sélectionnée dans le menu local Sortie.
 Case Arrière-plan : détermine la couleur de la boîte aux lettres. Cochez cette case
pour choisir la couleur de l’arrière-plan à partir du sélecteur de couleur.
 Suppression des bruits : réduit les zones de bruit aléatoire de l’image. Certains codecs
introduisent dans les fichiers vidéo du bruit, qui peut être atténué à l’aide du filtre de
suppression du bruit. Vous pouvez améliorer la qualité de l’image et compresser
l’espace de votre contenu de manière plus efficace en réduisant les détails les plus fins.
Le filtre de réduction de bruit vous permet de rendre floues certaines zones à faible
contraste tout en gardant les bords à contraste élevé nets. Ce principe est connu
sous le nom de réduction de bruit adaptative. Les résultats ne sont pas perceptibles
à l’œil nu, mais améliorent la compression finale du média source. Il est particulièrement important d’utiliser ce filtre avec des vidéos diffusées en direct.
 Appliquer à : ce menu local permet de choisir les canaux dont vous souhaitez filtrer le bruit. L’option par défaut est « Tous les canaux », qui permet de filtrer le
bruit provenant de tous les canaux, y compris le canal alpha. L’autre option est
« Canaux de colorimétrie », qui filtre uniquement le bruit provenant des deux
canaux de colorimétrie (U et V) dans l’espace colorimétrique AYUV (ou R408 dans
la terminologie Final Cut Pro).
 Itérations : ce menu local atténue le bruit de l’image. Choisissez la fréquence
d’application (entre 1 et 4) de l’algorithme sélectionné au fichier multimédia
source. À chaque nouvelle application de l’algorithme, ce dernier utilise l’image
modifiée résultant de l’application antérieure. Plus vous utilisez d’itérations,
plus l’image devient floue.266 Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage
 Algorithme : sélectionnez l’un des algorithmes suivants dans le menu local
Algorithme : Moyen (la couleur de chaque pixel est modifiée en fonction de
la couleur moyenne des pixels qui l’entourent, y compris sa propre couleur) ;
Remplacement (la couleur de chaque pixel est modifiée en fonction de la couleur
moyenne des pixels qui l’entourent, en excluant sa propre couleur) ; Fusionner (la
couleur de chaque pixel est modifiée en fonction de la moyenne pondérée des
couleurs des pixels qui l’entourent, y compris sa propre couleur).
 Accentuer contour : améliore le contraste de l’image au niveau des bords des objets.
Certains codecs rendent les images vidéo floues, ce filtre peut donc neutraliser l’effet
d’adoucissement dû à la suppression du bruit ou à un média source flou, et augmenter l’impression de netteté de l’image. Lorsque vous utilisez des valeurs extrêmes,
les images du fichier multimédia de sortie peuvent sembler granuleuses. Choisissez
n’importe quelle valeur comprise entre 0 et 100.
 Superposer texte : permet au texte d’apparaître en surimpression sur l’image. Cette
option est utile pour apposer des informations textuelles sur votre fichier multimé-
dia de sortie. Utilisez les contrôles suivants pour positionner du texte, sélectionner
la couleur et la police, et spécifier sa transparence :
 Menu local Position : détermine la position du texte dans le plan. Choisissez l’une des
13 positions (Au centre, Inférieure gauche, Inférieure gauche - Titre sécurisé, etc.).Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage 267
 Alpha : ce curseur définit l’opacité du texte. Vous pouvez choisir une valeur comprise entre 0 et 1, sachant qu’une valeur égale à 0 équivaut à une transparence
totale, tandis qu’une valeur égale à 1 correspond à une opacité complète.
 Texte : tapez le texte souhaité dans ce champ.
 Couleur du texte : cochez cette case pour choisir la couleur du texte à partir du
sélecteur de couleur.
 Sélectionner une police : cliquez sur ce bouton pour ouvrir une palette de polices
vous permettant de sélectionner la police, son style et sa taille.
 Générateur de timecode : superpose le texte du timecode du plan à l’image.
Vous pouvez aussi ajouter une étiquette au texte du timecode.
 Menu local Position : détermine la position du texte du timecode dans le plan.
Choisissez l’une des 13 positions (Au centre, Inférieure gauche, Inférieure gauche,
Titre sécurisé, etc.).
 Alpha : ce curseur définit l’opacité du texte du timecode. Vous pouvez choisir une
valeur comprise entre 0 et 1, sachant qu’une valeur égale à 0 équivaut à une transparence totale, tandis qu’une valeur égale à 1 correspond à une opacité complète.
 Intitulé : saisissez dans ce champ tout texte que vous souhaitez voir apparaître
à gauche du numéro du timecode.
 Case « Démarrer timecode à 00:00:00:00 » : cochez cette case pour que le timecode
commence à 00:00:00:00. Si cette option n’est pas sélectionnée, le timecode du
plan est utilisé.
 Couleur du texte : cochez cette case pour choisir la couleur du texte du timecode
dans le sélecteur de couleurs.
 Sélectionner la police : cliquez sur ce bouton pour ouvrir une palette de polices vous
permettant de sélectionner la police, son style et sa taille.268 Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage
 Filigrane : permet de superposer un filigrane à l’image. Cette option est utile pour
apposer un logo approprié sur votre fichier multimédia de sortie. Le filtre Filigrane
peut appliquer des images fixes ou des séquences en filigrane sur votre fichier multimédia de sortie. Utilisez les menus locaux, les curseurs de défilement et les champs
ci-après pour positionner et dimensionner le filigrane, et régler sa transparence :
 Menu local Position : ce menu local positionne l’image de filigrane dans le plan
d’image. Choisissez l’une des 13 positions (Au centre, Inférieure gauche, Inférieure
gauche - Titre sécurisé, etc.).
 Échelle : ce curseur définit la taille de l’image de filigrane.
 Alpha : ce curseur définit l’opacité de l’image de filigrane. Vous pouvez choisir
une valeur comprise entre 0 et 1, sachant qu’une valeur égale à 0 équivaut à
une transparence totale, tandis qu’une valeur égale à 1 correspond à une opacité
complète.
 Case Répétitive : si vous avez choisi un plan comme filigrane, le fait de cocher
cette case permet de lire le filigrane en boucle. Si vous ne cochez pas cette case,
le filigrane est lu une fois jusqu’à la fin puis disparaît.
 Bouton Choisir : cliquez sur ce bouton pour ouvrir la zone de dialogue de sélection
de fichiers, puis sélectionnez la séquence ou l’image à utiliser comme filigrane.
Filtres audio
Important : les filtres audio ne sont pas disponibles lorsque l’audio est réglé sur
Passthrough dans les réglages QuickTime. Consultez la section « À propos de la sousfenêtre AIFF Encoder QuickTime » à la page 238 pour plus d’informations.Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage 269
 Plage dynamique : cette option permet de contrôler les niveaux audio d’un plan de
façon dynamique en augmentant le son des parties où le volume sonore est faible et
en le baissant pour les parties où le volume sonore est plus élevé. Cette option est
également appelée compression du niveau audio.
 Adoucir au-dessus : les volumes sonores supérieurs à ce niveau audio sont réduits
au niveau défini par le gain principal.
 Seuil de bruit : définit le niveau de ce qui est considéré comme bruit. Le son dont
le niveau est égal ou supérieur à ce niveau est amplifié de façon dynamique
jusqu’au niveau défini par le gain principal. Le son au dessous de ce niveau
demeure inchangé.
 Gain principal : définit le niveau moyen du son comprimé de façon dynamique.
 Écrêteur : définit le niveau maximum autorisé du son pour le plan.
 Gain (dB) : définit le niveau au dessus duquel les pics plus élevés sont réduits.
 Égaliseur graphique Apple AU : cette option vous permet d’utiliser l’égaliseur graphique AUGraphicEQ Apple pour créer un grand nombre de formes de fréquences sur
toute la plage des fréquences audibles. Vous pouvez choisir entre une version à
31 bandes et une version à 10 bandes.270 Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage
 Menu local Options : ouvre l’interface de l’égaliseur graphique AUGraphicEQ Apple.
Le menu local « Nombre de bandes » de l’interface de l’égaliseur permet de choisir
la version d’égaliseur à utiliser (31 bandes ou 10 bandes).
 Fondu entrant/sortant : ajoute un mixage partant de ou aboutissant à un silence
(ou un niveau de gain que vous avez défini) au début et à la fin du plan.
 Durées de fondu entrant et sortant : définit la durée du mixage utilisé pour
la transition entre la valeur de gain et le niveau audio normal du plan au début
(fondu entrant) et à la fin (fondu sortant) du plan.Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage 271
 Gains de fondu entrant et sortant : définit le niveau auquel le mixage commence
(fondu entrant) ou se termine (fondu sortant). La valeur –100,0 correspond au
silence et la valeur 0,0 signifie que le son n’est pas modifié.
Remarque : lorsque vous utilisez à la fois le filtre Fondu entrant/sortant et le filtre
Plage dynamique, veillez à ce que le filtre Plage dynamique se trouve avant le filtre
Fondu entrant/sortant dans la liste de filtres.
Ajout de filtres à un réglage
Utilisez la sous-fenêtre Filtres dans la fenêtre Inspecteur pour ajouter des filtres à vos
réglages.
Pour ajouter des filtres à un réglage :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Réglages.
2 Dans l’onglet Réglages, sélectionnez le réglage que vous souhaitez modifier. Vous pouvez également sélectionner un réglage déjà appliqué à un fichier multimédia source
dans la fenêtre Lot. De cette façon, vous pouvez ouvrir la fenêtre Preview et voir
les effets de vos ajustements de filtre.
3 Cliquez sur la sous-fenêtre Filtres de l’Inspecteur.
4 Configurez selon vos souhaits les filtres que vous souhaitez ajouter à ce réglage.
Remarque : une coche apparaît automatiquement dès que vous commencez à paramé-
trer un filtre.
Le filtre est automatiquement sélectionné si vous
modifiez ses réglages.
Toute modification apportée
aux réglages d’un filtre est
appliquée au filtre sélectionné.272 Chapitre 19 Ajout de filtres à un réglage
5 Dans la liste des filtres, déplacez les filtres vers le haut ou vers le bas pour déterminer
l’ordre dans lequel vous souhaitez qu’ils soient appliqués au fichier multimédia source
pendant son transcodage.
Étant donné que ces filtres sont traités un par un pendant le transcodage (en commen-
çant par le premier de la liste), il est important que vous les classiez selon leur ordre
d’application. Par exemple, il est recommandé de placer le filtre de superposition de
texte en dernier, afin que la couleur que vous avez choisie pour le texte ne soit pas
modifiée par un autre filtre.
Si vous déplacez un filtre, assurez-vous de cocher la case pour que Compressor sache
qu’il faut l’appliquer au réglage concerné. Si vous essayez de sélectionner un autre
réglage après avoir sélectionné un filtre déplacé, la zone de dialogue Enregistrer vous
demande d’enregistrer ou d’annuler les changements apportés à ce réglage. Par défaut,
tous les filtres sélectionnés s’affichent en premier dans la liste.
Remarque : vous pouvez voir les détails des réglages dans la sous-fenêtre Résumé de
la fenêtre Inspecteur.
Consultez la section « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Filtres » à la page 260 pour obtenir
plus d’informations.
Faites glisser les filtres vers
le haut ou vers le bas pour
établir l’ordre dans lequel
vous souhaitez qu’ils soient
appliqués au fichier multimé-
dia source.20
273
20 Ajout de contrôles d’images
à un réglage
Les contrôles d’images reposent sur une analyse approfondie
de l’image et servent à resynchroniser cette dernière, à la redimensionner ou à lui appliquer des effets vidéo sophistiqués.
Ce chapitre contient les sections suivantes :
 Utilisation des contrôles d’images (p. 273)
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’images (p. 274)
 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage (p. 279)
 Utilisation du télécinéma inverse (p. 280)
 Utilisation des contrôles de resynchronisation (p. 283)
Utilisation des contrôles d’images
Grâce aux contrôles d’images, Compressor permet de transcoder en haute qualité
de nombreux formats sources différents dans de nombreux formats cibles en ayant
recours à une analyse approfondie de l’image. Cela signifie que vous pouvez maintenant effectuer les différentes opérations suivantes à des niveaux de qualité qui étaient
précédemment possibles uniquement avec des solutions matérielles coûteuses :
 Convertir des fichiers vidéo entre les normes de télévision internationales,
par exemple PAL vers NTSC ou NTSC vers PAL.
 Convertir des sources vidéo haute définition (HD) en sources définition standard (SD),
ou inversement.
 Convertir un flux progressif en flux entrelacé, ou inversement.
 Réaliser des ajustements de fréquence d’images de haute qualité, notamment pour
obtenir des effets de ralenti de haute qualité.
 Supprimer automatiquement le pulldown du télécinéma (télécinéma inverse).
Remarque : le groupe de réglages « Conversions de format avancées » de l’onglet
Réglages revêt une importance particulière pour l’utilisation des contrôles d’images.274 Chapitre 20 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage
Important : il n’est pas possible de prévisualiser les réglages « Contrôles d’images »
dans la fenêtre Preview. Pour prévisualiser ces derniers, lancez un transcodage de test
sur une petite section de votre fichier multimédia source (cf. « Transcodage d’une section du plan à l’aide de la fenêtre Preview » à la page 315 pour plus d’informations).
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’images
Utilisez les fonctionnalités suivantes sous l’onglet « Contrôles d’images » de l’Inspecteur afin de sélectionner et d’ajuster les attributs de contrôle d’images que vous souhaitez affecter à vos réglages.
État des contrôles d’images
Utilisez ce menu local pour choisir parmi les options suivantes de « Contrôles d’images » :
 Désactivé : réglage par défaut pour la plupart des préréglages Apple. Choisissez
Désactivé si votre projet Compressor n’implique pas de changements en termes de
taille d’image, de fréquence d’images ou de priorité de trame.
 Activé : cette option vous permet d’ajuster manuellement tous les attributs qui se trouvent dans la sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’images.
 Sélection automatique : Compressor analyse la tâche de transcodage (le fichier multimédia source et le réglage appliqué), puis il détermine automatiquement les attributs « Contrôles d’images » appropriés.
Contrôles de
redimensionnement
Contrôles de
resynchronisation
État des contrôles
d’images
Bouton Automatique
des contrôles d’imagesChapitre 20 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage 275
En mode Automatique, la technologie de « Contrôles d’images » intervient uniquement dans les deux types suivants de transcodages :
 Le transcodage de sources haute définition (HD) en fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 en
définition standard (SD)
 Le transcodage de sources entrelacées en fichiers de sortie (progressifs) H.264 pour
DVD Studio Pro et H.264 pour appareils Apple
Contrôles de redimensionnement
Utilisez les contrôles de cette section pour choisir l’algorithme avec lequel les images
sont redimensionnées.
 Filtre de redimensionnement : utilisez ce menu local pour choisir parmi les options suivantes de redimensionnement. Cette décision est un compromis entre une vitesse de
traitement plus rapide et une qualité de sortie supérieure dans les projets qui impliquent un changement de résolution.
 Rapide (pixel le plus proche)
 Avancée (filtre linéaire)
 Optimale (prédiction statistique)
 Champs de sortie : utilisez ce menu local pour choisir la méthode de balayage de sortie (soit la priorité de trame, soit une conversion en balayage progressif).
 Identique à la source : aucun changement de méthode de balayage.
 Progressive : méthode de balayage où chaque image est complète (et non divisée
en trames). Utilisez ce réglage au lieu du filtre Désentrelaçage de Compressor
(un filtre hérité de la sous-fenêtre Filtres) car il offrira toujours une qualité bien
supérieure.
 Première supérieure : priorité de trame entrelacée (ordre des trames), également
appelée trame deux, trame supérieure ou trame impaire.
 Première inférieure : priorité de trame entrelacée (ordre des trames), également
appelée trame une, trame inférieure ou trame paire.276 Chapitre 20 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage
 Désentrelacer : utilisez ce menu local pour choisir parmi différentes techniques de
désentrelacement (ou désentrelaçage). Cette décision est un compromis entre une
vitesse de traitement plus rapide et un désentrelaçage de qualité supérieure des
zones de mouvement au sein de l’image. Dans tous les cas, toute option de désentrelaçage de qualité supérieure donne des résultats identiques ou meilleurs que l’option
immédiatement inférieure. Toutefois, si le redimensionnement vers le bas est également appliqué à l’image, il se peut que les améliorations de qualité ne se remarquent pas. Dans ces conditions, les options Rapide ou Meilleure fourniront
probablement une qualité suffisamment haute, selon l’ampleur du redimensionnement vers le bas.
 Rapide (moyenne des lignes) : cette option fait la moyenne des lignes adjacentes
d’une image.
 Avancé (filtre Motion adaptive) : cette option offre une bonne qualité de désentrela-
çage pour les zones de l’image qui sont en mouvement.
 Optimale (correction des mouvements) : cette option offre une très bonne qualité de
désentrelaçage pour les zones de l’image qui sont en mouvement.
 Télécinéma inverse : cette option supprime les trames supplémentaires ajoutées
lors du processus de télécinéma pour convertir les 24 ips du film en 29,97 ips pour
le format NTSC. La sélection de cet élément entraîne la désactivation de tous
les autres éléments de la sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’images.
Remarque : pour en savoir plus sur le pulldown 3:2 et sur l’utilisation de la fonction
Télécinéma inverse, reportez-vous à la section « Utilisation du télécinéma inverse » à
la page 280.
Alors que le menu local Désentrelacer est toujours actif, Compressor ne désentrelace
que les tâches qui en ont besoin. (Par exemple, si la source est entrelacée et que
le menu local « Champs de sortie » est défini sur Progressive, Compressor effectuera
un désentrelaçage. Si le fichier multimédia source est progressif, Compressor n’effectuera pas de désentrelaçage.)
Avertissement : l’utilisation de tous les réglages optimaux peut donner lieu à des temps
de traitement beaucoup plus longs que prévu. Si vous réduisez la taille d’image en plus
de désentrelacer l’image, les options Rapide ou Meilleure fourniront probablement
une qualité suffisamment haute, selon l’ampleur du redimensionnement vers le bas.Chapitre 20 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage 277
 Détails de technique Adaptive : cochez cette case pour utiliser une analyser d’image
avancée afin de distinguer les zones de bruit de celles de contour.
 Anticrénelage : utilisez ce curseur pour régler un niveau d’adoucissement entre 0
et 100. Ce paramètre améliore la qualité des conversions lorsque vous augmentez
l’échelle des données. Par exemple, lorsque vous transcodez de la vidéo de définition standard en haute définition, l’option Anticrénelage lisse les contours irréguliers
pouvant apparaître dans l’image.
 Niveau de détails : utilisez ce curseur pour définir un niveau (entre 0 et 100) pour conserver les contours accentués. Il s’agit d’un contrôle d’accentuation qui vous permet
de rajouter des détails à une image agrandie. Contrairement aux autres opérations
d’accentuation, le réglage « Niveau de détails » distingue les détails de bruit et ceux
de fonction, et n’augmente généralement pas les grains non voulus. Le fait d’accroî-
tre la valeur de ce paramètre peut donner lieu à des contours irréguliers, qui peuvent cependant être éliminés en augmentant la valeur d’anticrénelage.
Remarque : les options « Détails de technique Adaptive », Anticrénelage et « Niveau
de détails » se rapportent uniquement au redimensionnement d’image (mise à
l’échelle), et non au désentrelaçage.
Contrôles de resynchronisation
Utilisez les commandes de cette section pour choisir l’algorithme avec lequel les
fréquences d’images sont ajustées.
 Conversion de fréquence : utilisez ce menu local pour choisir parmi les techniques
suivantes de resynchronisation d’images (changement de la fréquence d’images).
Cette décision est un compromis entre une vitesse de traitement plus rapide et
une qualité de sortie supérieure. Dans de nombreux cas, le réglage Meilleure fournira
une conversion d’une qualité suffisamment haute en économisant fortement du
temps de traitement par rapport au réglage Optimale.
 Rapide (image la plus proche) : aucune fusion d’images n’est appliquée ; Compressor
utilise simplement une copie de l’image disponible la plus proche pour remplir les
nouvelles images entre.278 Chapitre 20 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage
 Bonne (fusion d’images) : rassemble les images voisines afin de créer de nouvelles
images entre.
 Meilleure (correction des mouvements) : utilise un flux optique pour interpoler des
images, avec des résultats de bonne qualité.
 Maximum (correction des mouvements de haute qualité) : utilise un flux optique
pour interpoler des images, avec des résultats de qualité supérieure ; cette option
est particulièrement utile pour les transcodages qui impliquent des augmentations de fréquences d’images (par exemple, de 23,98 ips à 59,94 ips).
 Régler la durée sur : utilisez cette option pour choisir l’une des trois méthodes proposées pour convertir la durée du plan en une nouvelle durée.
 Pourcentage de la source : utilisez cette option pour saisir une valeur exprimée en
pourcentage permettant de modifier la vitesse du plan ou choisissez un réglage
spécifique dans le menu local.
 Durée totale : servez-vous de cette option pour choisir la durée du plan.
 Pour que les images source soient lues à une fréquence de [fréquence d’images]
ips : utilisez cette option lorsque la fréquence d’images du fichier multimédia
source ne correspond pas à celle qui est indiquée dans la sous-fenêtre Encodeur
pour cet élément.
Remarque : lorsque vous modifiez la vitesse de la vidéo à l’aide des contrôles de
resynchronisation, Compressor ajuste également la partie audio du fichier multimé-
dia de sortie de sorte que le son reste synchronisé avec l’image. Les contrôles de
resynchronisation n’ont aucune incidence sur la hauteur tonale de l’audio.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation de ces options, consultez la section « Utilisation
des contrôles de resynchronisation » à la page 283.
Avertissement : l’utilisation de tous les réglages optimaux peut donner lieu à des temps
de traitement beaucoup plus longs que prévu. Le réglage Meilleure pour la conversion
de fréquence fournira une conversion d’une qualité suffisamment haute, tout en économisant fortement du temps de traitement par rapport au réglage Optimale.
Menu local de sélectionChapitre 20 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage 279
Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage
Utilisez la sous-fenêtre « Contrôles d’images » de la fenêtre de l’Inspecteur pour ajouter
des réglages de resynchronisation et de redimensionnement d’image à vos réglages.
Pour ajouter des réglages automatiques de contrôles d’images à un réglage :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Réglages.
2 Dans l’onglet Réglages, sélectionnez le réglage que vous souhaitez modifier. Vous pouvez également sélectionner un réglage déjà appliqué à un fichier multimédia source
dans la fenêtre Lot.
3 Cliquez sur l’onglet « Contrôles d’images » dans la fenêtre de l’Inspecteur.
4 Cliquez sur le bouton Automatique qui se trouve à côté du menu local « Contrôles
d’images ».
Compressor analyse la tâche de transcodage (le fichier multimédia source et
le réglage appliqué), puis il détermine automatiquement les attributs « Contrôles
d’images » appropriés.
En mode Automatique, la technologie de « Contrôles d’images » intervient uniquement dans les deux types suivants de transcodages :
 Le transcodage de sources haute définition (HD) en fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 en définition standard (SD).
 Le transcodage de sources entrelacées en fichiers de sortie (progressifs) H.264 pour
DVD Studio Pro et H.264 pour appareils Apple.
Pour ajouter des réglages personnalisés de contrôles d’images à un réglage :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Réglages.
2 Dans l’onglet Réglages, sélectionnez le réglage que vous souhaitez modifier. Vous pouvez également sélectionner un réglage déjà appliqué à un fichier multimédia source
dans la fenêtre Lot.
3 Cliquez sur l’onglet « Contrôles d’images » dans la fenêtre de l’Inspecteur.
4 Dans le menu local « Contrôles d’images », choisissez Activé.
Le choix de l’option Activé vous permet d’ajuster manuellement tous les attributs
de la sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’images.280 Chapitre 20 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage
5 Modifiez n’importe lequel des contrôles suivants dans la sous-fenêtre « Contrôles
d’images ». (Voir « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’images » à la page 274 pour
des détails concernant chacun de ces contrôles.)
 Filtre de redimensionnement
 Champs de sortie
 Désentrelacer
 Détails de technique Adaptive
 Anticrénelage
 Niveau de détails
 Conversion de fréquence
 Réglages de durée
6 Cliquez sur Enregistrer pour enregistrer les modifications.
Utilisation du télécinéma inverse
Le menu local Désentrelacer comprend un réglage permettant d’inverser le télécinéma.
À propos du télécinéma inverse
L’approche la plus courante pour distribuer un film à 24 ips destiné à la vidéo NTSC
à 29,97 ips consiste à effectuer un pulldown 3:2 (également appelé pulldown 2:3:2:3).
L’enregistrement en alternance de deux trames d’une image de film, puis de trois trames de l’image suivante permet de transformer les 24 images d’une seconde de film
en 30 images d’une seconde de vidéo.
Avant
(23,98 ips)
A B A B B C C D D D
A B C D A D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D B C
A A B B B C C D D D A A B B B C C D D D A A B B C C D D D A A B B B D B C C D D D A B A B B C C D D
A B C D
A A B B B C C D D D
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Pulldown 3:2
Après
(29,97 ips)
Une secondeChapitre 20 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage 281
Comme le montre la figure ci-dessus, le modèle 3:2 (qui est en fait un modèle 2:3:2:3
puisque l’image A est enregistrée sur deux trames et est suivie par l’image B enregistrée sur trois trames) se répète toutes les quatre images du film. Pratiquement tous
les spots publicitaires, les films et les émissions de télévision en différé de qualité sont
soumis à ce processus avant leur diffusion.
Pour les besoins du montage et de l’ajout d’effets, il est souvent préférable de supprimer ces trames supplémentaires et de rétablir la fréquence originale de 23,98 ips de
la vidéo. Le rétablissement de la fréquence originale de 23,98 ips a en outre l’avantage
de permettre une conversion plus aisée à la fréquence de 25 ips du format PAL.
La fréquence d’images moins élevée présente également l’avantage de requérir moins
d’images par seconde de vidéo, ce qui signifie que la taille du fichier est moins importante. La fonction de télécinéma inverse facilite cette opération.
À propos de la cadence
Lorsqu’un film est transformé par télécinéma en vidéo NTSC, sa cadence est constante.
Cela signifie que le modèle 3:2 est systématique et ininterrompu. La suppression du
télécinéma sur un plan de cadence constante est une opération relativement aisée,
car il suffit de déterminer le modèle une seule fois.
Si vous montez ces plans transformés par télécinéma en tant que vidéo NTSC, vous
obtenez un fichier vidéo final avec une cadence irrégulière et un modèle 3:2 fluctuant.
La suppression du télécinéma sur ce type de plan s’avère bien plus compliquée puisque vous devez sans cesse vérifier la cadence pour ne pas choisir par mégarde des
trames incorrectes lors de la création de vidéo à 23,98 ips.
A A B B B C C D D D A A B B B C C D D D A A B B C C D D D A A B B B D B C C D D D A B A B B C C D D A B A B B C C D D D
A B C D A D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D B C
A B C D
A A B B C C D D
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
Field
1
Field
2
D
Field
2
B
Field
1
Avant
(29,97 ips)
Après
(23,98 ips)
Une seconde
Suppression de pulldown 3:2282 Chapitre 20 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage
La fonction de télécinéma inverse dont est muni Compressor détecte automatiquement les cadences irrégulières et adapte le traitement de façon appropriée.
Autres remarques sur la fonction de télécinéma inverse
Il convient de tenir compte de quelques autres considérations lors de l’utilisation
de la fonction de télécinéma inverse.
Tous les autres réglages de « Contrôles d’images » sont désactivés
Étant donné que l’objectif de la fonction de télécinéma inverse est de produire de
la vidéo progressive à 23,98 ips, toutes les autres options de la sous-fenêtre « Contrôles
d’images » sont désactivées lorsque Télécinéma inverse est sélectionné.
À propos du télécinéma inverse et de l’encodage segmenté
En raison de la nature imprévisible du traitement appliqué lors du télécinéma inverse,
l’encodage segmenté ne fonctionne pas de façon aussi efficace que lorsque la fonction
télécinéma inverse n’est pas utilisée.
À propos de la suspension du processus de transcodage
Si vous suspendez (pause) le processus de transcodage, vous êtes ensuite obligé de
le reprendre depuis le début.
Création de vidéo PAL lors du processus de télécinéma inverse
Convertir une vidéo à 23,98 ips ou une vidéo à 24 ips en vidéo PAL dont la fréquence
est de 25 ips en accélérant la vitesse de lecture de 4 pour cent est une pratique courante. Si votre vidéo source est une vidéo NTSC à 29,97 ips convertie par télécinéma,
vous pouvez la convertir au format PAL à l’aide de deux tâches.
 Première tâche : appliquez à la tâche un réglage qui permette d’inverser le télécinéma et d’obtenir une vidéo NTSC à 23,98 ips.
Remarque : vous pourriez appliquer un réglage convertissant également la vidéo au
format PAL, mais dans ce cas, la conversion du format ne serait pas effectuée à l’aide
des contrôles d’images et sa qualité pourrait être insatisfaisante.
 Deuxième tâche : pour créer la deuxième tâche, sélectionnez la première, puis choisissez Tâche > Nouvelle tâche avec sortie cible. Vous créez ainsi une tâche reposant
sur la sortie de la première tâche. Vous pouvez alors appliquer un réglage assurant
un format de sortie PAL et utiliser la fonction « Contrôles d’images » qui vous garantit un fichier de sortie de haute qualité.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’enchaînement de tâches, reportez-vous à la section « À propos
de l’ajout et de la copie de tâches » à la page 118.Chapitre 20 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage 283
Utilisation des contrôles de resynchronisation
Les contrôles de resynchronisation sont couramment utilisés pour deux opérations :
 Conversion de la fréquence d’images d’une vidéo : il s’agit généralement de convertir
la fréquence d’images NTSC en fréquence d’images PAL ou inversement. Cette fonction utilise uniquement le réglage du menu local « Conversion de fréquence » et est
automatiquement configurée lorsque cela est nécessaire.
 Conversion de la vitesse d’une vidéo : cette opération consiste à lire les images existantes à une vitesse différente ou, dans le cas des effets de ralenti, à créer des images
intermédiaires si nécessaire.
Dans tous les cas, si le fichier multimédia source contient de l’audio, la vitesse de ce dernier est également modifiée et sa hauteur tonale corrigée, afin que le résultat soit identique à celui de l’audio original, mais avec une vitesse différente. Cela vous permet de
conserver la synchronisation entre l’image et le son.
Remarque : si vous prévisualisez un réglage qui utilise les contrôles de resynchronisation, la vidéo sera lue à la nouvelle fréquence d’images ou vitesse, mais elle n’aura pas
été traitée par les contrôles d’images et, par conséquent, sa qualité sera inférieure à
celle du fichier de sortie transcodé. La hauteur tonale du son est corrigée lors de la pré-
visualisation du réglage.
Important : si vous utilisez les contrôles de resynchronisation sur un réglage qui utilise
le format de sortie QuickTime Movie et que vous choisissez Passthrough comme
réglage audio, la vitesse audio n’est pas modifiée et la synchronisation avec la vidéo
n’est pas conservée. Consultez la section « À propos de la sous-fenêtre AIFF Encoder
QuickTime » à la page 238 pour plus d’informations.
Conversion de la vitesse d’une vidéo
Les contrôles de resynchronisation proposent trois options pour déterminer la vitesse
de lecture :284 Chapitre 20 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage
 saisir un pourcentage ;
 saisir une durée ;
 forcer la lecture des images à la fréquence d’images définie dans le réglage
« Fréquence d’images » de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur.
Saisir un pourcentage
Vous disposez de deux options lorsque vous choisissez de définir la durée du plan à l’aide
de cette méthode :
 saisir une valeur en pour cent ;
 choisir une valeur prédéfinie.
Chacun des préréglages disponibles est destiné à être utilisé pour un cas de figure
particulier.
 24 @ 25 : utilisez ce réglage pour convertir une vidéo à 24 ips en vidéo à 25 ips distribuée en format PAL.
 23,98 @ 24 : utilisez ce réglage pour convertir une vidéo à 23,98 ips en vidéo à 24 ips.
 23,98 @ 25 : utilisez ce réglage pour convertir une vidéo à 23,98 ips en vidéo à 25 ips
distribuée en format PAL.
 30 @ 29,97 : utilisez ce réglage pour convertir une vidéo à 30 ips en vidéo à 29,97 ips.
 29,97 @ 30 : utilisez ce réglage pour convertir une vidéo à 29,97 ips en vidéo à 30 ips.
 24 @ 23,98 : utilisez ce réglage pour convertir une vidéo à 24 ips en vidéo à 23,98 ips
distribuée sous forme de DVD NTSC.
Aucune de ces options n’exige l’insertion d’images vidéo intermédiaires. La différence
entre les réglages correspond juste à une lecture plus ou moins rapide des images
existantes.Chapitre 20 Ajout de contrôles d’images à un réglage 285
Saisir une durée
Le champ Durée indique la durée actuelle du plan. Si vous modifiez cette durée,
la valeur exprimée en pourcentage change pour refléter cette modification.
Cette option est très utile lorsque la durée du fichier multimédia source est un peu plus
longue ou un peu plus courte que nécessaire et que vous préférez changer la vitesse
de lecture plutôt qu’ajouter ou supprimer des images vidéo.
Cette méthode donne lieu à la création d’images vidéo intermédiaires en fonction
des besoins.
Forcer la lecture des images à la fréquence d’images définie dans le réglage
« Fréquence d’images » de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur
On utilise cette option lorsque la fréquence d’images du fichier multimédia source
est différente de celle qui est indiquée dans le réglage « Fréquence d’images » de la
sous-fenêtre Encodeur.21
287
21 Ajout de réglages de géométrie
Vous pouvez ajuster vos réglages de façon plus précise à
l’aide de la sous-fenêtre Géométrie de la fenêtre Inspecteur.
Ce chapitre contient les sections suivantes :
 Utilisation du rognage, de la mise à l’échelle et du remplissage (p. 287)
 À propos de la sous-fenêtre Géométrie (p. 290)
 Ajustements de géométrie pour un réglage (p. 294)
Utilisation du rognage, de la mise à l’échelle et du
remplissage
La sous-fenêtre Géométrie propose trois méthodes différentes pour modifier l’image
de sortie.
Rognage
Lorsque vous rognez une image, vous supprimez du contenu vidéo. Ce contenu
représente souvent une partie superflue de l’image (telle que la zone de surbalayage,
nécessaire pour la télévision, mais inutile pour les ordinateurs) et sa suppression permet d’agrandir la portion restante dans une image de même taille.
La fonction Rognage comprend également un réglage automatique qui détecte
les bords de l’image et saisit automatiquement des valeurs de rognage adaptées.
Cette option s’avère particulièrement utile si vous souhaitez supprimer les bandes
noires d’un fichier multimédia source. 288 Chapitre 21 Ajout de réglages de géométrie
Lorsque vous ajustez les réglages de rognage, l’un des deux cas de figure suivants peut
se présenter en ce qui concerne la taille d’image du fichier vidéo de sortie :
 La taille d’image reste la même si vous avez choisi un réglage autre que 100 % de
la source, 50 % de la source ou 25 % de la source dans le menu local « Taille d’image »
de la section Dimensions de la sous-fenêtre Géométrie. Cela signifie que l’image vidéo
source est agrandie pour remplir l’image du fichier vidéo de sortie, ce qui provoque
une augmentation de la taille des pixels et une dégradation générale de l’image.
 La taille d’image est réduite en fonction des valeurs de rognage si vous avez choisi
les réglages 100 % de la source, 50 % de la source ou 25 % de la source dans menu
local « Taille d’image » de la section Dimensions de la sous-fenêtre Géométrie.
Cette réduction peut aboutir à des tailles d’image non standard.
Les réglages de rognage se trouvent dans la section « Cadre de source (rognage) » de
la sous-fenêtre Géométrie.
Mise à l’échelle
La mise à l’échelle permet de modifier la taille d’image du fichier vidéo de sortie sans
supprimer aucune image source. Elle implique le plus souvent une réduction de la taille
d’image du fichier multimédia de sortie pour économiser l’espace de stockage ou
réduire le débit de données.
Il existe trois méthodes simples permettant de changer l’échelle de la taille d’image de
votre fichier de sortie :
 Choisir un pourcentage de la taille source : trois réglages permettent de redimensionner l’image source en fonction d’un pourcentage (100 % de la source, 50 % de
la source et 25 % de la source). Les valeurs de rognage ont une incidence non seulement sur la taille d’image de la vidéo source, mais aussi sur celle de la vidéo de sortie.
 Choisir une taille d’image particulière : vous pouvez choisir entre plusieurs réglages de
taille d’image standard, tels que 720 x 486, 720 x 576, etc. Si vous choisissez l’une ces
options, la taille d’image du fichier vidéo de sortie correspondra à ce réglage.
 Saisir une valeur personnalisée : vous pouvez saisir une taille d’image personnalisée.
Il est en outre possible de contraindre cette taille d’image personnalisée à respecter
des proportions courantes telles que 4:3 ou 16:9. Si vous saisissez une taille d’image
personnalisée, la taille d’image du fichier vidéo de sortie correspondra à ce réglage.Chapitre 21 Ajout de réglages de géométrie 289
Vous avez également la possibilité de définir les proportions des pixels de l’image de
sortie en sélectionnant une option dans un menu local proposant des réglages courants.
Remarque : les réglages de mise à l’échelle ne sont activés que si vous utilisez les
formats d’encodage de sortie MP4EG--4, QuickTime Movie et Séquence d’images.
Les réglages de mise à l’échelle se trouvent dans la section « Dimensions (pixels encodés) »
de la sous-fenêtre Géométrie.
Remplissage
Le remplissage est une méthode qui permet de réduire la taille de l’image tout en
conservant la taille de la vidéo de sortie en remplissant les zones restantes en noir.
À la différence du rognage, le remplissage ne supprime aucune image source.
L’image est réduite en fonction des valeurs de remplissage.
Le remplissage s’avère utile lorsque la taille de l’image source est inférieure à celle de
l’image de sortie et que vous souhaitez empêcher le redimensionnement de l’image
source en fonction de la taille de l’image de sortie. Si vous ajoutez un remplissage
approprié, l’image source conservera la même taille dans l’image de sortie et les parties restantes seront remplies avec du noir.
Le remplissage est automatiquement appliqué lorsque l’image vidéo source est au format NTSC 720 x 486 sans compression et la résolution de l’image de sortie est 720 x 480.
Il existe également plusieurs réglages de remplissage courants tels que 16x9 et
Panavision. Ils facilitent la configuration puisque c’est Compressor qui saisit automatiquement les valeurs de remplissage, ce qui permet de garantir que l’image source
conserve ses proportions d’origine.
Les réglages de remplissage se trouvent dans la section « Cadre d’image de sortie
(remplissage) » de la sous-fenêtre Géométrie. 290 Chapitre 21 Ajout de réglages de géométrie
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Géométrie
Utilisez la sous-fenêtre Géométrie pour spécifier les paramètres de rognage et de
dimensionnement, la taille du fichier multimédia de sortie et les proportions de l’image
(le rapport entre sa hauteur et sa largeur) :
Réglages Cadre de source (rognage)
 Gauche, Droite, Haut et Bas : les quatre champs de rognage (Gauche, Haut, Droite et
Bas) vous permettent de rogner l’image de votre fichier multimédia source par incré-
ments exprimés en pixels. La plupart des fichiers vidéo de diffusion présentent des
zones de surbalayage. Si le fichier de sortie est destiné à n’être affiché que sur un
écran d’ordinateur plutôt que sur un écran de télévision, vous pouvez en toute tranquillité supprimer une partie de sa bordure sans que cela n’affecte la zone d’image.
Les valeurs indiquent la distance (en pixels) entre le bord du cadre original et le bord
du cadre rogné final. Par défaut, tous les champs sont remplis avec la valeur 0.
Remarque : la zone de surbalayage (« zone d’action sécurisée ») est habituellement
constituée par les 5 pour cent de l’image les plus éloignés du centre le long des quatre côtés. Si vous rognez 5 pour cent de plus, il vous reste une zone plus réduite dite
« zone de titre sécurisé ». Vous pouvez, par conséquent, rogner votre image en supprimant entre 5 à 10 pour cent de sa bordure extérieure sans risque pour le contenu
important.
Mise à l’échelle
Rognage
RemplissageChapitre 21 Ajout de réglages de géométrie 291
 Case « Détecter automatiquement les réglages de rognage pour le format Letterbox » : cette
case permet à Compressor de déterminer si le fichier multimédia source a été mis au
format Letterbox et, si c’est le cas, de saisir des valeurs de rognage pour supprimer les
bandes noires.
Remarque : si vous souhaitez transcoder un fichier multimédia source de taille normale (720 x 486) avec une résolution standard (DS) à l’aide d’un réglage MPEG-2
NTSC, votre fichier multimédia de sortie est automatiquement rogné de deux pixels
à partir du haut et de quatre à partir du bas afin d’obtenir les dimensions MPEG-2
requises de 720 x 480, sauf si vous avez déjà appliqué des attributs de rognage. Cet
attribut de rognage n’est que temporaire et n’est pas enregistré dans le réglage. Vous
pouvez visualiser le rognage automatique via la méthode habituelle en double-cliquant sur le réglage dans la tâche afin d’ouvrir la fenêtre Preview.
Pour plus d’informations sur le menu local Format vidéo, consultez la section
« À propos de la sous-fenêtre Encodeur MPEG-2 » à la page 198.
Réglages Dimensions (pixels encodés)
Les réglages de la section Dimensions ne sont actifs que lorsque vous utilisez les formats
d’encodage de sortie MPEG- 4, QuickTime Movie et Séquence d’images. Pour les autres formats, les réglages apparaissent estompés, mais il est possible de voir ceux qui seront utilisés une fois le lot envoyé.
 Taille d’image : ces champs de texte et les menus locaux qui y sont associés vous permettent de personnaliser la taille d’image et les proportions de votre fichier multimé-
dia de sortie. Choisissez l’un des réglages suivants : 100 % de la source, 50 % de la
source, 25 % de la source, 320 x 240, 640 x 480, 720 x 480, 720 x 486, 1280 x 720, 1920
x 1080 ou Personnalisé (réglage défini manuellement). Trois réglages personnalisés
avec contrainte de proportions particulières sont également disponibles : Personnalisé (4:3), Personnalisé (16:9) et Personnalisé (2.35:1). Pour les options personnalisées,
vous devez saisir dans les champs Largeur et Hauteur les dimensions adaptées à vos
besoins. Dans le cas des options personnalisées avec contrainte, vous devez saisir
une valeur dans le champ Largeur ou dans le champ Hauteur, afin que l’autre valeur
soit automatiquement déterminée.292 Chapitre 21 Ajout de réglages de géométrie
Les dimensions pertinentes de la taille de sortie sont automatiquement saisies
dans les champs Largeur et Hauteur en fonction de ce que vous choisissez dans
les menus locaux.
 Menu local « Aspect des pixels » : utilisez ce menu local pour définir les proportions
des pixels du fichier multimédia de sortie. Il force les proportions des pixels à se conformer à des formats particuliers. Cela est particulièrement important lors de l’utilisation de certains filtres. Par exemple, si le graphique que vous utilisez pour le filtre
Filigrane utilise un cercle et que vous souhaitez vous assurer qu’il ressemblera toujours à un cercle une fois l’opération terminée (et non à un ovale), vous devez choisir
le paramètre « Aspect des pixels » correspondant à votre format de sortie. Les
options sont les suivantes :
 Par défaut : les valeurs de proportions des pixels sont définies en fonction de valeurs
de largeur et de hauteur courantes. Ainsi, la valeur par défaut pour 720 x 480 ou
720 x 486 est NTSC CCIR 601/DV NTSC.
 Carré : utilisez cette option lorsque la sortie doit être affichée sur des ordinateurs.
 NTSC CCIR 601/DV : impose une proportion de 4:3 avec une résolution
de 720 x 480 pixels.
 NTSC CCIR 601/DV (anamorphosé) : impose une proportion de 16:9 avec une résolution de 720 x 480 pixels.
 PAL CCIR 601 : impose une proportion de 4:3 avec une résolution de 720 x 576 pixels.Chapitre 21 Ajout de réglages de géométrie 293
 PAL CCIR 601 (anamorphosé) : impose une proportion de 16:9 en utilisant
720 x 576 pixels.
 DVCPRO HD 720p60 (16:9) : impose une proportion de 16:9 en utilisant 1280 x 720 pixels.
 DVCPRO HD 1080i60 (16:9) : impose une proportion de 16:9 avec une résolution
de 1920 x 1080 pixels.
 HDV 1080i (16:9) : impose une proportion de 16:9 en utilisant 1440 x 1080 pixels.
Cadre d’image de sortie (remplissage)
 Remplissage : utilisez ce menu local pour choisir une configuration prédéfinie de remplissage ou le réglage Personnalisé qui vous permet de saisir manuellement des valeurs
dans les champs Gauche, Droite, En haut et En bas. Les configurations prédéfinies sont
4x3 1,33:1, 16x9 1,78:1, Panavision 2,35:1, Norme Europe 1,66:1, Norme UK 1,75:1
et Academy 1,85:1.
 Gauche, Droite, Haut et Bas : utilisez ces champs pour ajouter des pixels « de
remplissage » au pourtour d’une image. Il s’agit en fait du contraire du rognage.
Si la taille d’image du fichier multimédia de sortie est différente de celle du fichier
multimédia source, il est parfois préférable de remplir l’image plutôt que de la
redimensionner. 294 Chapitre 21 Ajout de réglages de géométrie
Ajustements de géométrie pour un réglage
Utilisez la sous-fenêtre Géométrie de la fenêtre Inspecteur pour rogner, mettre à
l’échelle et changer les proportions d’un réglage.
Pour ajouter des réglages de rognage, de dimensionnement d’image et de proportions à un réglage :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Réglages.
2 Dans l’onglet Réglages, sélectionnez le réglage que vous souhaitez modifier. Vous pouvez également sélectionner un réglage déjà appliqué à un fichier multimédia source
dans la fenêtre Lot.
3 Cliquez sur l’onglet Géométrie de l’Inspecteur.
4 Saisissez vos réglages de cadre de source (rognage), choisissez les dimensions de la
taille de sortie dans le menu local « Taille d’image », puis sélectionnez des réglages
de remplissage dans la section « Cadre d’image de sortie ».
Vous pouvez voir toutes les modifications apportées au réglage en consultant
le tableau de la sous-fenêtre Résumé.Chapitre 21 Ajout de réglages de géométrie 295
Remarque : vous pouvez ajuster la taille de l’image de deux façons différentes : soit vous
saisissez des valeurs dans les champs de rognage, soit vous déplacez les lignes rouges
du cadre dans la fenêtre Preview. Dans ce dernier cas, les valeurs résultantes apparaissent
dynamiquement dans les champs de rognage, ce qui vous permet d’avoir une représentation numérique du rognage du cadre. Maintenez enfoncée la touche Maj afin de forcer
le rognage aux proportions, à la hauteur ou à la largeur de la source.
Consultez la section « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Géométrie » à la page 290 ou
« Prévisualisation d’un plan » à la page 310 pour plus d’informations.
Si vous sélectionnez une cible
de lot, tout redimensionnement
effectué dans la fenêtre Preview
est reflété dans la sous-fenêtre
Géométrie. Vous pouvez aussi
saisir des valeurs directement
dans ces champs de rognage.
Déplacez les lignes
rouges du cadre (à l’aide
des poignées) pour
ajuster la taille du cadre
du fichier de sortie.22
297
22 Ajout d’actions à un réglage
Vous pouvez ajuster vos réglages de manière plus précise
à l’aide de la sous-fenêtre Actions de la fenêtre Inspecteur.
Ce chapitre contient les sections suivantes :
 Utilisation des actions de post-transcodage (p. 297)
 Ajout d’actions (p. 299)
 Déclenchement des droplets AppleScript (p. 301)
Utilisation des actions de post-transcodage
Pour chaque préréglage, Compressor peut envoyer un message électronique à un destinataire pour l’informer que le transcodage est terminé. Vous pouvez aussi ajouter un
script AppleScript par préréglage. Cela vous offre quelques options de post-transcodage
pour votre fichier multimédia de sortie, telles que la création d’un script AppleScript permettant d’ajouter des métadonnées à un fichier QuickTime, le transfert automatique
du fichier transcodé à un serveur web de diffusion ou la création d’un dossier surveillé
déclenchant automatiquement le processus de transcodage chaque fois que vous
y faites glisser de nouveaux fichiers multimédias sources.
Remarque : dans vos préférences Internet, vous devez configurer un serveur de messagerie sortant pour pouvoir bénéficier de la notification par message électronique.
Cette option n’est pas disponible pour les services de courrier nécessitant une authentification SMTP.298 Chapitre 22 Ajout d’actions à un réglage
À propos de la sous-fenêtre Actions
Utilisez la sous-fenêtre Actions de l’Inspecteur pour configurer les options liées aux
envois par message électronique de notifications de fin de transcodage ou aux options
« AppleScript de post-transcodage ».
La sous-fenêtre Actions contient les éléments suivants :
 Notification par courrier électronique à : si vous souhaitez recevoir une notification dès
qu’une tâche de transcodage particulière est terminée, sélectionnez cette case et saisissez une adresse électronique valide dans le champ de texte. (Vous ne pouvez spé-
cifier qu’une seule adresse.) Cette option est utile si le transcodage d’un fichier
multimédia source particulièrement volumineux requiert plusieurs heures. Au lieu de
vérifier de façon répétée le déroulement du transcodage, attendez simplement de
recevoir un message électronique vous en indiquant la fin.
Remarque : pour activer cette fonctionnalité de courrier électronique, vous devez
d’abord saisir une adresse électronique et un serveur de courrier sortant dans les
Préférences de Compressor. Sélectionnez Compressor > Préférences.
 Exécuter AppleScript sur la sortie : sélectionnez cette case pour activer un script choisi.
Même si vous avez choisi un script, il ne sera exécuté que si vous avez sélectionné
cette case.
 Bouton Sélectionner : cliquez sur ce bouton pour sélectionner un script existant que
vous souhaitez affecter au fichier de sortie. L’ajout d’un script constitue une méthode
utile pour appliquer des actions de post-transcodage à votre tâche, telles qu’ajouter
des métadonnées à des fichiers QuickTime ou ajouter des éléments QuickTime
interactifs.
Bouton Choisir
Case à cocher d’envoi
d’une notification par
message électroniqueChapitre 22 Ajout d’actions à un réglage 299
Ajout d’actions
Utilisez la sous-fenêtre Actions dans la fenêtre Inspecteur pour configurer les options
de post-transcodage pour le fichier multimédia de sortie, telles que l’envoi d’un message électronique, l’ajout de métadonnées à des fichiers QuickTime ou le transfert du
fichier transcodé vers un serveur Web de contenu multimédia ou vers DVD Studio Pro.
Pour ajouter une notification par courrier électronique à votre réglage :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Réglages.
2 Dans l’onglet Réglages, sélectionnez le réglage que vous souhaitez modifier. Vous pouvez également sélectionner un réglage déjà appliqué à un fichier de données source
dans la fenêtre Lot.
3 Cliquez sur l’onglet « Actions de l’Inspecteur ».
4 Cochez la case « Notification par courrier électronique à » et introduisez l’adresse
électronique appropriée dans le champ contigu.
Remarque : pour activer cette fonctionnalité de courrier électronique, vous devez
d’abord saisir une adresse électronique et un serveur de courrier sortant dans les
Préférences de Compressor. Sélectionnez Compressor > Préférences.
Pour ajouter un script à votre réglage :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Réglages.
2 Dans l’onglet Réglages, sélectionnez le réglage que vous souhaitez modifier. Vous pouvez également sélectionner un réglage déjà appliqué à un fichier de données source
dans la fenêtre Lot.
3 Cliquez sur l’onglet « Actions de l’Inspecteur ».300 Chapitre 22 Ajout d’actions à un réglage
4 Cliquez sur le bouton Choisir.
La zone de dialogue Sélection de fichier apparaît.
5 Naviguez jusqu’au fichier AppleScript souhaité, puis cliquez sur Ouvrir.
Le chemin d’accès du fichier AppleScript apparaît sous le bouton Choisir. Assurez-vous
que la case est sélectionnée. Dans le cas contraire, le script ne sera pas appliqué au
réglage.
Consultez la section « À propos de la sous-fenêtre Actions » à la page 298 pour obtenir
plus d’informations.Chapitre 22 Ajout d’actions à un réglage 301
Déclenchement des droplets AppleScript
Suivez la procédure ci-dessous pour vous assurer que votre script traitera correctement
les fichiers multimédias de sortie Compressor.
Pour créer une application droplet AppleScript en vue de traiter les fichiers créés
par Compressor :
1 Dans Éditeur de scripts, choisissez Fichier > Enregistrer sous.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue Enregistrer :
a Choisissez Application dans le menu local « Format du fichier ».
b Désactivez les options Exécutable uniquement, Écran de démarrage et Rester en
arrière-plan.
c Cliquez sur Enregistrer.
Le script est enregistré comme script applicatif. Étant donné que le script contient
un gestionnaire « activé à l’ouverture », le script applicatif est enregistré comme
application droplet, ce qui est indiqué par une flèche sur son icône.
Pour déclencher automatiquement une droplet AppleScript après avoir comprimé
des fichiers :
1 Dans Compressor, affectez un préréglage à un fichier Importé de la fenêtre Lot.
2 Dans la fenêtre Lot, sélectionnez le préréglage, puis choisissez Fenêtre > Afficher
l’Inspecteur (ou appuyez sur Commande + Option + I).
3 Dans la fenêtre Inspecteur, cliquez sur l’onglet Actions.
4 Activez l’option « Exécuter AppleScript sur la sortie », puis choisissez l’application
droplet AppleScript.
Informations supplémentaires sur AppleScript
Vous trouverez plus d’informations sur l’écriture de scripts destinés à être utilisés avec
Compressor sur les sites web suivants :
 Développeurs Apple : http://developer.apple.com/applescript/ (en anglais)
 Clients généraux Apple : http://macscripter.net/ (en anglais)23
303
23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview
La fenêtre Preview a deux rôles principaux : vous pouvez
l’utiliser pour lire un fichier source dans son format d’origine
ou afficher un aperçu du fichier avec les réglages qui lui ont
été affectés.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 À propos de la fenêtre Preview (p. 304)
 Prévisualisation d’un plan (p. 310)
 Transcodage d’une section du plan à l’aide de la fenêtre Preview (p. 315)
 Ajout de marqueurs à un plan (p. 317)
 Raccourcis clavier de la fenêtre Preview (p. 323)
Lorsque vous utilisez la fenêtre Preview pour comparer la version originale du plan à
la version de sortie, vous pouvez effectuer et afficher les modifications en temps réel.
Cette comparaison permet de vérifier les effets des réglages sur votre fichier avant
d’engager du temps et des ressources dans le processus de transcodage. Il est conseillé de la faire pour vérifier la qualité d’un fichier multimédia de sortie.
Version du plan mise à
l’échelle, rognée et filtrée
Version originale
du plan304 Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview
Vous pouvez également utiliser la fenêtre Preview pour agrandir la taille de l’écran de
prévisualisation, ajouter manuellement des images I (MPEG-1 et MPEG-2 uniquement),
et désigner une portion d’un fichier de média pour transcodage à l’aide des marqueurs
d’entrée et de sortie.
À propos de la fenêtre Preview
La fenêtre Preview permet de lire des éléments avant de les soumettre à l’étape de
transcodage, et de comparer les versions d’un plan pour vous assurer que la qualité
du fichier multimédia de sortie est acceptable.
La fenêtre Preview contient les éléments suivants :
 Sélection d’échelle Preview : permet d’adapter la taille de l’écran de prévisualisation.
Les trois paramètres sont 100%, 75% et 50%, mais vous pouvez aussi déplacer la poignée de la fenêtre Preview pour définir la taille à votre guise.
 Sélection source/réglage : utilisez ces boutons pour prévisualiser l’élément de lot
sélectionné en utilisant les proportions et la taille de la source ou de la sortie. Le bouton Vue source fournit également une limite de rognage que vous pouvez utiliser
pour définir un ou plusieurs bords à rogner. Le bouton « Vue de sortie » affiche la
version rognée du fichier en tenant compte des réglages de proportions et de taille.
Contrôles d’entrée et
de sortie
Sélection d’échelle Preview
Sélection source/réglage
Zone d’écran Preview
Contrôles de sélection
d’élément
Contrôles de Timeline Menu local Marqueur
Informations sur
la source/sortie
Contrôles de navigationChapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview 305
 Informations sur la source/sortie : la taille d’image et la fréquence d’images du plan
sont illustrées dans l’angle inférieur gauche de la fenêtre Preview. La durée du
plan (depuis le point d’entrée jusqu’au point de sortie) est affichée dans le coin
inférieur droit. Lorsque le bouton Vue source est sélectionné, la taille d’image et la
fréquence d’images représentent le plan source. Lorsque le bouton « Vue de sortie »
est sélectionné, la taille d’image et la fréquence d’images représentent le réglage
de cet élément du lot.
Remarque : pour voir la durée totale d’un plan (sans les points d’entrée et de sortie),
sélectionnez le fichier source dans la fenêtre Lot et ouvrez la fenêtre de l’Inspecteur
(par les menus Fenêtre > Afficher l’Inspecteur).
Zone de contrôle de sélection d’élément
Vous pouvez utiliser la zone de sélection d’élément pour choisir dans la fenêtre Lot des
éléments spécifiques à afficher dans la fenêtre Preview.
 Boutons de sélection d’éléments : utilisez ces boutons pour avancer ou reculer dans
la liste des fichiers multimédia sources et des plans associés à leurs réglages et disponibles pour la prévisualisation. Dès que vous cliquez dans la liste, l’élément sélectionné apparaît dans le menu local Élément.
 Menu local Élément : choisissez, à l’aide de ce menu local, le fichier multimédia source
que vous souhaitez prévisualiser avec ou sans les réglages qui lui sont associés.
Contrôles d’entrée et de sortie
Une fois que vous avez sélectionné l’élément, les contrôles d’entrée et de sortie peuvent être utilisés pour afficher et ajuster les informations de timecode des points
d’entrée et de sortie.
 Champs de timecode entrée et sortie : les emplacements exacts des points d’entrée et de
sortie sont affichés dans ces champs dans le format de timecode standard : hh:mm:ss:ii.
Vous pouvez les éditer manuellement en sélectionnant un champ, puis en saisissant de
nouvelles valeurs. Si une nouvelle valeur est saisie, le point d’entrée ou de sortie approprié de la Timeline se déplace vers le point spécifié dans l’élément en cours.
Boutons de sélection
d’éléments
Menu local Élément
Règle le point d’entrée
sur la position de
lecture actuelle
Règle le point de
sortie sur la position
de lecture actuelle
Timecode du point
d’entrée
Timecode du point
de sortie306 Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview
Remarque : si votre fichier multimédia source dispose d’une piste de timecode spécifique, le timecode de début et de fin du plan s’affiche dans ces deux champs. Dans
tous les autres cas, le timecode commence par 00:00:00:00.
 Boutons de point d’entrée et de sortie : faites glisser les boutons « Point d’entrée »
(flèche pointant vers la droite) ou « Point de sortie » (flèche pointant vers la gauche)
dans la Timeline afin de définir un nouveau point d’entrée ou de sortie. Vous pouvez
également utiliser les boutons Définir entrée et Définir sortie (en regard des champs
de timecode) afin de définir les points d’entrée et de sortie.
Zone d’écran Preview
La zone d’écran Preview affiche l’élément actuellement sélectionné. L’écran de prévisualisation contient aussi les éléments suivants :
 Curseur de partage de l’écran : déplacez le curseur de partage d’écran situé en haut
de l’écran de prévisualisation selon la distance souhaitée pour comparer le fichier
multimédia source (à gauche) et le fichier multimédia de sortie (à droite). La division
de l’écran est indiquée par ce curseur, mais également par une ligne verticale blanche qui coupe l’image en deux.
 Limite de rognage : la limite de rognage n’est disponible que dans la vue Source. Utilisez les poignées pour déplacer les bordures et angles de rognage rouges dans la direction dans laquelle vous souhaitez rogner votre fichier de média de sortie. Quant à la
poignée centrale, elle vous permet de déplacer l’image entière dans une direction
quelconque tout en conservant ses dimensions. Les nouvelles valeurs (gauche, haut,
droite et bas) s’affichent dynamiquement dans l’écran de prévisualisation à mesure
que vous rognez le cadre. En outre, si la fenêtre Inspecteur est ouverte et que la cible
du lot est sélectionnée, ces mêmes valeurs apparaissent aussi dans les champs de
rognage de la sous-fenêtre Géométrie. Sélectionnez la vue Sortie pour afficher
les résultats des paramètres de limite de rognage.
Limite de rognage
Dimensions de rognage
(également visibles dans les
champs Cadre de source de
la sous-fenêtre Géométrie)
Poignée de rognage pour
l’angle inférieur droit
Curseur de partage
de l’écranChapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview 307
Contrôles de Timeline
Les contrôles de Timeline fournissent des informations sur le plan, notamment les marqueurs qu’il possède et les réglages actuels de point d’entrée et de sortie. Vous pouvez
également utiliser la Timeline pour positionner la tête de lecture sur une image spécifique et pour définir les points d’entrée et de sortie.
 Timecode de tête de lecture : affiche le timecode de la position de la tête de lecture
dans la Timeline à l’aide du format de timecode standard hh:mm:ss:ii. Vous pouvez
saisir une nouvelle valeur pour positionner avec précision la tête de lecture dans
la Timeline.
Remarque : si votre fichier multimédia source dispose d’une piste de timecode
spécifique, le timecode du plan s’affiche dans ce champ. Dans tous les autres cas,
le timecode commence par 00:00:00:00.
 Points d’entrée et de sortie : utilisez ces points si vous souhaitez transcoder uniquement une section de votre fichier multimédia source au lieu de la totalité du fichier.
Déplacez les points pour indiquer les points de début et de fin dans le fichier multimédia source que vous souhaitez transcoder. Les champs de timecode d’entrée et
de sortie situés en bas de la fenêtre Preview sont mis à jour à mesure que vous faites
glisser ces points. Vous pouvez également cliquer sur les boutons « Définir le point
d’entrée » et « Définir le point de sortie » afin de définir les points à l’endroit où la
tête de lecture est positionnée.
Les points d’entrée et de sortie ne sont pas conservés à la fin du transcodage,
vous devrez donc les réappliquer à votre plan si vous souhaitez resoumettre un lot
depuis le tableau Historique. Les points d’entrée et de sortie sont assignés au fichier
multimédia source et non au réglage. Ainsi, quels que soient les points d’entrée et de
sortie que vous créez, le résultat est le même pour tous les autres réglages associés à
ce fichier multimédia source dans le lot en cours.
 Tête de lecture : elle vous donne une indication visuelle de l’emplacement de l’image
affichée dans le plan. Vous pouvez déplacer la tête de lecture pour naviguer et
atteindre rapidement un point donné du plan.
 Marqueur : fournit une indication visuelle de l’emplacement où un marqueur a été
placé dans le plan. La couleur du marqueur indique son type :
 Bleu : marqueurs de compression (il s’agit des marqueurs de compression que l’on
ajoute manuellement).
 Violet : marqueurs de chapitre ou de podcast (il s’agit de marqueurs nommés destinés à servir à la navigation ou d’illustrations dans le fichier multimédia de sortie).
Timecode de tête
de lecture
Tête de lecture
Marqueur
Point d’entrée Point de sortie308 Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview
 Vert : marqueurs de montage/de coupe (il s’agit de marqueurs de compression qui
sont ajoutés automatiquement aux points de montage de la séquence Final Cut Pro).
Consultez la section « Ajout de marqueurs à un plan » à la page 317 pour plus
d’informations.
Contrôles de navigation
Ces contrôles positionnent la tête de lecture vers l’arrière ou l’avant là où se trouve
exactement soit le prochain marqueur, soit le prochain marqueur point d’entrée ou
de sortie, ce qui permet de naviguer facilement et rapidement entre les différents
marqueurs. Vous pouvez aussi utiliser ces boutons pour placer rapidement la tête de
lecture au début ou à la fin du plan.
 Bouton Lecture/Pause : démarre ou arrête la lecture du plan. Si vous arrêtez la lecture,
la tête de lecture reste à sa position actuelle. Pour revenir au début du plan, déplacez
la tête de lecture vers l’arrière jusqu’au début du plan ou cliquez sur le contrôle de
déplacement vers le marqueur précédent.
 Bouton de déplacement vers le marqueur précédent ou suivant : déplace la tête de lecture soit vers le marqueur précédent ou suivant, soit vers le début ou la fin du plan si
aucun autre marqueur n’est présent.
 Boutons de retour et d’avance rapide : permet de lire votre plan dans les deux directions, à deux fois la vitesse normale. Maintenez un bouton enfoncé pour poursuivre
le balayage dans la direction correspondante.
 Bouton « Lecture en boucle » : cliquez sur ce bouton pour lire le média en boucle continue.
Déplacement vers
le marqueur précédent
Lecture/pause
Retour rapide
Déplacement vers
le marqueur suivant
Avance rapide
Bouton « Lecture
en boucle »Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview 309
Menu local Marqueur
Utilisez le menu local Marqueur pour gérer les marqueurs du plan. Même si vous pouvez utiliser les marqueurs avec tous les réglages, ils n’affectent vraiment le fichier de
sortie que lorsque le réglage utilise les formats MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 (configuré
pour le podcasting), H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro, H.264 pour appareils Apple ou
séquence QuickTime. Consultez la section « Ajout de marqueurs à un plan » à la
page 317 pour plus d’informations.
 Importer une liste des chapitres : cette option ouvre une zone de dialogue d’importation
de fichiers qui vous permet d’importer un fichier contenant la liste des marqueurs temporels de chapitre du fichier multimédia source. Consultez la section « Ajout de marqueurs de chapitre ou de podcast à un plan » à la page 320 pour plus d’informations.
 Ajouter/supprimer le marqueur : la fonction du bouton varie selon la position de
la tête de lecture (sur un marqueur ou non).
 Lorsqu’elle n’est pas positionnée sur un marqueur, le bouton indique Ajouter un marqueur. Si vous cliquez sur Ajouter un marqueur, un nouveau marqueur est placé
sur la Timeline, à la position actuelle de la tête de lecture.
 Lorsqu’elle est positionnée sur un marqueur, le bouton indique Supprimer
le marqueur. Si vous cliquez sur Supprimer le marqueur, le marqueur actuel
est supprimé.
 Modifier : disponible uniquement lorsque la tête de lecture est positionnée sur un
marqueur. Cliquer sur Modifier ouvre une zone de dialogue permettant de configurer le marqueur. Cette zone de dialogue vous permet de définir le type de marqueur
et de lui assigner une URL et une image. Consultez la section « Ajout de marqueurs
de chapitre ou de podcast à un plan » à la page 320 pour plus d’informations.
 Afficher les marqueurs de chapitre/podcast : contrôle si les marqueurs de chapitre et
de podcast (ceux qui possèdent un nom) sont affichés dans la Timeline. Une coche
indique s’ils sont affichés.
 Afficher les marqueurs de compression : permet de contrôler si les marqueurs de compression (ceux sans nom) sont affichés dans la Timeline. Une coche indique s’ils sont
affichés.
 Afficher marqueurs modifiés/coupés : contrôle si les marqueurs placés automatiquement à chaque point de montage par une autre application, telle que Final Cut Pro,
sont affichés dans la Timeline. Une coche indique qu’ils sont affichés.310 Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview
Prévisualisation d’un plan
Vous pouvez soit prévisualiser un fichier multimédia source d’origine seul, soit le prévisualiser avec les réglages qui lui ont été associés. Les fichiers multimédia sources apparaissent dans la liste sous leurs noms de fichiers. Tous les réglages appliqués au fichier
multimédia source apparaissent immédiatement sous le nom du fichier, ce qui facilite
leur identification. Le fait de visualiser le fichier multimédia source d’origine seul ou
le fichier multimédia source avec les réglages qui lui ont été associés détermine
les options affichées dans la fenêtre Preview.
Important : il est impossible de prévisualiser les réglages effectués dans les sous-fenê-
tres Encodeur ou Contrôles d’images. Seuls les réglages effectués dans les sous-fenê-
tres Filtres et Géométrie peuvent être prévisualisés. Consultez la section « Transcodage
d’une section du plan à l’aide de la fenêtre Preview » à la page 315 pour obtenir
une autre méthode de prévisualisation des réglages effectués dans les sous-fenêtres
Encodeur et Contrôles d’images.
Pour prévisualiser un fichier multimédia source :
1 Ouvrez la fenêtre Preview.
Remarque : vous pouvez ouvrir votre fichier multimédia source dans la fenêtre
Preview en une seule étape, en double-cliquant sur ses tâches dans la fenêtre Lot.
2 Procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Choisissez un fichier multimédia source dans le menu local Élément (identifié par son
nom de fichier).
 Cliquez sur les boutons de sélection d’éléments jusqu’à ce que le fichier multimédia
source apparaisse dans le menu local.
 Sélectionnez le fichier multimédia source dans ses tâches au sein de la fenêtre Lot.
Seul le bouton Vue source est valide (le bouton « Vue de sortie » est inactif), car vous
avez sélectionné un fichier multimédia source normal, ce qui vous permet uniquement
de visualiser le plan original, sans les lignes de rognage ou les lignes de division d’écran.
Un réglage appliqué au
fichier multimédia source
« Nancy at table CU 5 ».
La coche indique qu’elle
est affichée dans la fenê-
tre Preview.
Le fichier multimédia source
d’origine intitulé « Nancy at
table CU 5 »
Sélectionnez l’image des barres de couleurs par défaut.Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview 311
3 Choisissez la taille de l’écran de prévisualisation dans le menu local de mise à l’échelle
ou déplacez la poignée de la fenêtre Preview jusqu’à obtenir la taille souhaitée.
Cela n’affecte pas la taille du cadre d’affichage du fichier de média de sortie proprement dit. Celle-ci ne peut être définie qu’à partir de la sous-fenêtre Géométrie de
la fenêtre Inspecteur.
4 Cliquez sur le bouton Lecture pour prévisualiser le fichier multimédia source sélectionné.
Les fichiers source contenant des marqueurs, tels que les fichiers de Final Cut Pro,
les affichent dans la Timeline. Vous pouvez gérer les marqueurs si nécessaire. Consultez
la section « Ajout de marqueurs à un plan » à la page 317 pour plus d’informations.
Pour prévisualiser un plan associé à un réglage :
1 Ouvrez la fenêtre Preview.
Remarque : vous pouvez ouvrir le plan dans la fenêtre Preview en une seule étape,
en double-cliquant sur la cible (qui contient le réglage) d’une tâche dans la fenêtre Lot.
2 Procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Choisissez un réglage dans le menu local Élément (les noms de réglages situés en
retrait, pas les noms de fichiers sources).
 Cliquez sur les boutons de sélection d’élément jusqu’à ce que le plan et son réglage
apparaisse dans le menu local.
 Sélectionnez le réglage du plan dans ses tâches au sein de la fenêtre Lot.
Les deux boutons Vue source et Vue réglage (sortie) sont actifs, ce qui vous permet de
passer d’une vue à l’autre. Comme vous avez sélectionné un réglage, vous pouvez utiliser le curseur de division d’écran et les lignes de rognage de la fenêtre Preview.
3 Cliquez sur le bouton Vue de réglage dans l’angle supérieur droit de la fenêtre Preview.
4 Choisissez la taille de l’écran de prévisualisation dans le menu local de mise à l’échelle
ou déplacez la poignée de la fenêtre Preview jusqu’à obtenir la taille souhaitée.
Cela n’affecte pas la taille du cadre d’affichage du fichier de média de sortie proprement dit. Celle-ci ne peut être définie qu’à partir de la sous-fenêtre Géométrie de
la fenêtre Inspecteur.
Remarque : si vous adaptez la taille de l’image d’un réglage (dans la sous-fenêtre Géométrie) en cours de prévisualisation dans la fenêtre Preview, il se peut que la taille de
l’image ne soit pas actualisée en conséquence. Si cela se produit, sélectionnez Échantillon de séquence ou une autre cible dans le menu local Élément, puis sélectionnez
cette cible à nouveau afin qu’elle affiche la taille d’image adéquate.312 Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview
5 Faites glisser le curseur de partage de l’écran situé en haut de l’écran vers la gauche ou
la droite pour déplacer plus ou moins la ligne de division de l’écran sur la portion transcodée du plan.
6 Utilisez les limites de rognage pour ajuster la taille du cadre d’affichage de votre fichier
multimédia de sortie.
7 Vérifiez les résultats de votre rognage en cliquant sur les boutons Vue source et « Vue
de réglage ».
Remarque : paradoxalement, plus vous réduisez l’image d’un plan en la rognant,
plus le facteur d’échelle de l’image de sortie sera grand, car la géométrie de cadrage
est fonction des proportions de la taille de sortie, et pas des paramètres du fichier
source. Tout se passe comme si vous agrandissiez l’image, avec comme conséquence
des pixels plus grands et une dégradation générale de l’image. En conséquence, veillez
à ne pas rogner une image agrandie pour lui redonner sa taille originale par rapport à
la taille originale du cadre.
Limites de rognage
et poignées
Curseur de partage
de l’écran
Ligne de division
de l’écran Dimensions de rognage
(également visibles dans les
champs Cadre de source de
la sous-fenêtre Géométrie)
Boutons de visualisation de
Menu local Élément la source et des réglages
Boutons de visualisation de
la source et des réglagesChapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview 313
8 Sélectionnez le filtre que vous voulez ajuster et effectuez les modifications jugées
nécessaires.
Remarque : dans la liste Filtres, la case située à gauche du filtre que vous sélectionnez
doit être cochée. Dans le cas contraire, le filtre ne sera pas appliqué au réglage.
Sélection de réglage
Filtres sélectionnés vus
dans la fenêtre Preview314 Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview
9 Si vous souhaitez que la taille du cadre d’affichage de votre fichier de média de sortie
soit différente de celle de votre fichier multimédia source, ouvrez la sous-fenêtre
Géométrie dans la fenêtre Inspecteur, puis choisissez une valeur dans le menu local
« Taille d’image » ou introduisez des valeurs de taille de sortie différentes dans les
champs appropriés.
Remarque : conformément aux spécifications MPEG-2, la taille des cadres d’affichage
dans ce format est préétablie. Par conséquent, lorsque vous utilisez ce format, tous les
éléments qui concernent la taille de sortie sont indisponibles.
10 Dans la fenêtre Preview, cliquez sur le bouton Lecture pour visualiser le plan.
Consultez la section « À propos de la fenêtre Preview » à la page 304 pour plus de détails
sur ces paramètres.
Dimensions de
rognage (également affichées
dans la fenêtre
Inspecteur quand
les lignes de
rognage sont
déplacées)Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview 315
Transcodage d’une section du plan à l’aide de la
fenêtre Preview
Alors que les options définies par Géométrie (tels que le rognage et le changement
d’échelle) et Filtres s’affichent instantanément dans la fenêtre Preview, les réglages
« Contrôles d’images » et Encodeur ne le sont pas. Pour prévisualiser ces derniers,
lancez un transcodage de test sur une petite section de votre fichier multimédia
source.
Utilisez la fenêtre Preview pour définir les points d’entrée et de sortie, afin de transcoder uniquement une section de votre fichier multimédia au lieu du fichier entier.
Lecture de fichiers Dolby Digital Professional (AC-3) dans
la fenêtre Preview
Vous pouvez utiliser la fenêtre Preview pour lire des fichiers Dolby Digital Professional
(AC-3). Compressor comprend un décodeur Dolby Digital qui vous permet, lorsque
vous ajoutez un fichier multimédia source AC-3 à un lot, de l’écouter à l’aide des hautparleurs de votre ordinateur. Il peut s’agir des haut-parleurs stéréo intégrés, qui lisent
une version sous-mixée du fichier AC-3 s’il contient plus de deux canaux, ou de hautparleurs Surround externes connectés à une sortie USB ou FireWire.
Important : pendant que Compressor décode le fichier audio Dolby Digital, vous ne
pouvez pas utiliser la sortie optique de votre ordinateur pour écouter un aperçu du
son Dolby Digital.
Cette caractéristique est importante si vous utilisez l’encodeur Dolby Digital Professional,
car vous ne pouvez pas prévisualiser les réglages de l’encodeur en temps réel dans la
fenêtre Preview. Vous pouvez cependant ajouter les fichiers AC-3 encodés à un lot et les
lire, afin de vérifier si les réglages de l’encodeur produisent de bons résultats. Consultez
la section « Transcodage d’une section du plan à l’aide de la fenêtre Preview » à la
page 315 pour plus d’informations sur la création d’un court plan test à cette fin.316 Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview
Pour désigner une section de votre fichier multimédia pour transcodage :
1 Ouvrez la fenêtre Preview.
2 Choisissez un plan dans le menu local ou cliquez sur les boutons de sélection de l’élé-
ment jusqu’à ce que le plan apparaisse dans le menu local.
3 Procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Faites glisser le point d’entrée jusqu’à l’emplacement approprié.
 Faites glisser la tête de lecture à l’endroit où vous souhaitez que le transcodage commence, puis cliquez sur le bouton « Définir le point d’entrée ».
4 Procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
 Faites glisser le point de sortie jusqu’à l’emplacement approprié.
 Faites glisser la tête de lecture à l’endroit où vous souhaitez que le transcodage
se termine, puis cliquez sur le bouton « Définir le point de sortie ».
Le transcodage ne concerne que le segment du fichier multimédia compris entre
les deux points que vous venez de définir. Le reste du plan n’est pas transcodé.
Important : lorsque vous utilisez des marqueurs pour spécifier un segment du fichier
multimédia source à transcoder, ils s’appliquent à toutes les cibles associées à la tâche
du fichier. Vous pouvez ajouter plusieurs fois un fichier multimédia de sortie à un lot,
afin de créer plusieurs tâches, et définir des points d’entrée et de sortie différents pour
chaque tâche.
Bouton « Définir le
point d’entrée »
Tête de lecture
Point d’entrée Point de sortie
Bouton « Définir le
point de sortie »Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview 317
Ajout de marqueurs à un plan
Compressor peut importer et créer différents types de marqueurs. Compressor peut
en outre importer des listes complètes de marqueurs de chapitre.
Formats de fichiers de sortie compatibles avec les marqueurs
Tous les formats de fichiers de sortie ne sont pas compatibles avec les marqueurs.
Voici une liste des formats qui les reconnaissent.
 MPEG-2
 MPEG-4 configuré pour le podcasting (audio uniquement et si la case « Autoriser
les informations de podcasting » est activée)
 Séquences QuickTime
 H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro
 H.264 pour appareils Apple
Vous pouvez définir et configurer des marqueurs pour d’autres formats de fichiers
de sortie, mais ils ne seront pas intégrés au fichier de sortie encodé.
Types de marqueurs
Compressor peut importer et créer les types de marqueurs suivants :
 Marqueurs de chapitre : les marqueurs de chapitre permettent d’accéder facilement
aux points d’index d’un DVD, d’une séquence QuickTime ou d’un podcast.
Compressor et DVD Studio Pro peuvent tous deux lire les marqueurs de chapitre
exportés depuis Final Cut Pro. QuickTime Player peut interpréter n’importe quel texte
contenant des horodatages comme piste de chapitre. Les marqueurs de chapitre
peuvent également comporter des illustrations ou une URL qui apparaissent lors de
la lecture d’un podcast.
Ces marqueurs sont affichés en violet dans la Timeline de la fenêtre Preview.
 Marqueurs de podcast : comme pour les marqueurs de chapitre, il est possible d’assigner des illustrations et une URL aux marqueurs de podcast. Les marqueurs de podcast ne peuvent toutefois pas être utilisés pour accéder à des images au sein du plan
et ils n’apparaissent pas sous la forme de marqueurs de chapitre dans
DVD Studio Pro ni QuickTime.
Vous pouvez utiliser les marqueurs de podcast pour créer un diaporama (contenant
des URL) que les utilisateurs peuvent regarder en lisant un podcast audio.
 Marqueurs de compression : également appelés marqueurs de compression manuels,
il s’agit des marqueurs que vous pouvez ajouter à une séquence Final Cut Pro (ou
dans la fenêtre Preview de Compressor) pour indiquer à quel moment Compressor
doit générer une image I MPEG au cours de la compression. Consultez la section
« Compréhension des types de GOP et d’images » à la page 211 pour plus d’informations sur les images I.318 Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview
Ces marqueurs apparaissent en bleu dans la Timeline de la fenêtre Preview et sont du
type créé lorsque vous ajoutez des marqueurs manuellement à l’aide de Compressor.
Vous pouvez convertir des marqueurs de compression en marqueurs de chapitre en
choisissant l’option Modifier du menu local Marqueurs.
 Marqueurs de montage/de coupe : également appelés marqueurs de compression
automatiques, ces marqueurs sont générés automatiquement par Final Cut Pro à
chaque coupe ou point de transition d’une séquence. Au cours du transcodage,
Compressor utilise les marqueurs de montage/de coupe pour générer des images I
MPEG sur ces points, ce qui améliore la qualité de la compression.
Ces marqueurs apparaissent en vert dans la Timeline de la fenêtre Preview.
Remarque : DVD Studio Pro ignore les marqueurs de montage/de coupe, car ils risquent d’interférer avec l’alignement GOP des vidéo DVD multi-angles. Pour plus
d’informations à ce sujet, consultez la documentation incluse avec DVD Studio Pro.
Ajout et suppression manuelle de marqueurs
La fenêtre Preview intègre une prise en charge complète des marqueurs, y compris
la possibilité de gérer les marqueurs existants du fichier multimédia source, d’ajouter
ou de supprimer manuellement des marqueurs et d’importer des listes de marqueurs
de chapitre (décrit à la section « Ajout de marqueurs de chapitre ou de podcast à un
plan » à la page 320).
Pour ajouter un marqueur de compression à votre plan :
1 Ouvrez la fenêtre Preview.
2 Sélectionnez les éléments « Afficher les marqueurs de chapitre/podcast » et « Afficher
les marqueurs de compression » dans le menu local Marqueur.
3 Choisissez un plan dans le menu local Élément ou cliquez sur le bouton de sélection
d’élément jusqu’à ce que le plan apparaisse dans le menu local.
Remarque : en ce qui concerne les plans contenant des marqueurs, tels que ceux de
Final Cut Pro, ces marqueurs apparaissent dans la Timeline. Vous pouvez modifier ces
marqueurs de la même façon que si vous les aviez saisis manuellement.Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview 319
4 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes pour déterminer l’emplacement du marqueur :
 Faites glisser la tête de lecture à l’endroit où vous souhaitez ajouter un marqueur.
 Saisissez une valeur de timecode dans le champ de timecode de la tête de lecture.
5 Pour ajouter un marqueur, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Cliquez sur le bouton Marqueur et choisissez Ajouter un marqueur dans le menu local.
 Appuyez sur M.
Un marqueur bleu apparaît dans la Timeline.
Il est possible de convertir les marqueurs de compression en marqueurs de chapitre à
l’aide de l’option Modifier du menu local Marqueurs. Consultez la section « Ajout de marqueurs de chapitre ou de podcast à un plan » à la page 320 pour plus d’informations.
Pour supprimer un marqueur du plan :
1 Cliquez sur les contrôles « Aller au marqueur précédent » ou « Aller au marqueur suivant »
pour déplacer la tête de lecture vers le marqueur que vous souhaitez supprimer.
2 Pour supprimer le marqueur, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Cliquez sur le bouton Marqueur et choisissez Supprimer le marqueur dans
le menu local.
 Appuyez sur M.
Le marqueur disparaît.
Un marqueur bleu
apparaît sous la tête
de lecture après
l’ajout du marqueur.320 Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview
Ajout de marqueurs de chapitre ou de podcast à un plan
Pour ajouter manuellement un marqueur de chapitre ou de podcast à un plan,
vous devez d’abord ajouter un marqueur de compression (voir description à la section
précédente), puis modifier le marqueur.
Remarque : un podcast peut contenir des marqueurs de chapitre et des marqueurs
de podcast. La seule différence est que la personne qui visualise le plan peut naviguer
directement jusqu’à un marqueur de chapitre, mais ne peut pas naviguer jusqu’à
un marqueur de podcast. Consultez la section « Types de marqueurs » à la page 317
pour plus d’informations.
Pour ajouter manuellement un marqueur de podcast à un plan :
1 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes pour déterminer l’emplacement du marqueur :
 Faites glisser la tête de lecture à l’endroit où vous souhaitez ajouter un marqueur.
 Saisissez une valeur de timecode dans le champ de timecode de la tête de lecture.
2 Pour ajouter un marqueur, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
 Cliquez sur le bouton Marqueur et choisissez Ajouter un marqueur dans
le menu local.
 Appuyez sur M.
Un marqueur de compression bleu apparaît dans la Timeline.
3 Ouvrez le menu local Marqueurs, puis choisissez l’option Modifier (ou appuyez sur
Commande + E).
Une zone de dialogue permettant de modifier le marqueur apparaît.
4 Choisissez Chapitre ou Podcast dans le menu local Type.Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview 321
5 Nommez le chapitre en remplissant le champ correspondant.
Concernant les marqueurs de chapitre, ce nom apparaît dans le fichier multimédia de
sortie où il peut être visualisé à l’aide de QuickTime Player, dans DVD Studio Pro (qui
permet également de le modifier) et dans divers appareils de lecture. Pour les marqueurs de podcast, ce nom n’est pas visible par la personne qui regarde le plan.
6 Vous pouvez également saisir une URL dans le champ URL.
Cette URL s’applique uniquement aux podcasts. Le nom du marqueur apparaît au-dessus de l’illustration et l’utilisateur peut cliquer dessus pour ouvrir le site correspondant
dans le navigateur web.
7 Vous pouvez également associer une image au marqueur en choisissant l’une des
options suivantes dans le menu Image :
 Aucun : aucune image n’est associée au marqueur.
 Image dans la source : vous choisissez une image dans le fichier multimédia source.
L’image par défaut est l’image qui se trouve 2 secondes plus loin que l’image correspondant au marqueur de chapitre.
 Depuis le fichier : cette option ouvre une zone de dialogue de sélection de fichiers
qui vous permet de sélectionner un fichier d’image fixe à associer au marqueur.
Remarque : les images associées aux marqueurs de chapitre sont ignorées par
DVD Studio Pro.
8 Clique sur OK pour fermer la zone de dialogue.
Le marqueur devient violet dans la Timeline pour indiquer qu’il s’agit désormais d’un
marqueur de chapitre ou de podcast. Vous pouvez utiliser les boutons Marqueur précé-
dent et Marqueur suivant pour sélectionner d’autres marqueurs de la Timeline à modifier.
Vous pouvez également importer une liste de marqueurs de chapitre. Ces listes sont
soit au format QuickTime TeXML (format reposant sur XML pour l’élaboration de pistes
textuelles temporelles compatibles avec 3GPP dans un fichier de séquence QuickTime),
soit au format texte des fichiers de listes de chapitres pris en charge par DVD Studio Pro.
Pour plus d’informations, consultez la section « Création de listes de marqueurs de
chapitre en texte brut, » ci-après.
Pour importer une liste de marqueurs de chapitre :
1 Ouvrez la fenêtre Preview.
2 Choisissez un plan dans le menu local Élément ou cliquez sur le bouton de sélection
d’élément jusqu’à ce que le plan apparaisse dans le menu local.
3 Dans le menu local Marqueurs, choisissez « Importer la liste des chapitres ».
Une zone de dialogue de sélection de fichiers s’ouvre et vous permet de trouver et de
sélectionner le fichier de marqueurs de chapitre correspondant au fichier multimédia
de sortie. 322 Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview
4 Sélectionnez le fichier de marqueurs de chapitre, puis cliquez sur Ouvrir.
Les marqueurs sont importés et ajoutés à la Timeline de la fenêtre Preview.
Remarque : alors que tous les marqueurs importés à l’aide de la liste des marqueurs
de chapitre sont configurés comme marqueurs de chapitre, vous pouvez utiliser la zone
de dialogue de modification des marqueurs pour les transformer en marqueurs de
podcast ou de compression. De plus, vous pouvez y ajouter des URL et des illustrations
si vous le souhaitez.
Important : les valeurs de timecode de la liste doivent être basées sur le timecode du
fichier multimédia source.
Création de listes de marqueurs de chapitre en texte brut
Vous pouvez créer une liste de points de timecode que Compressor peut importer afin
de créer des marqueurs. Les valeurs de timecode doivent correspondre aux timecode
du plan vidéo de la piste. La liste des valeurs de timecode doit se présenter sous
la forme d’un fichier en format texte brut ; vous pouvez le créer à l’aide de TextEdit
(à condition d’enregistrer le fichier en texte brut). Si vous créez la liste avec une application de traitement de texte plus évoluée, veillez à enregistrer le fichier comme fichier
texte ASCII sans aucun formatage. Le fichier doit respecter les règles suivantes :
 Chaque marqueur doit se trouver sur une nouvelle ligne qui commence avec
une valeur de timecode au format « 00:00:00:00 ». Ces valeurs identifient les positions du marqueur.
 À la suite de la valeur de timecode, vous pouvez insérer le nom du marqueur.
Vous pouvez utiliser une virgule, un espace ou une tabulation pour séparer la valeur
du timecode du nom du marqueur.
 Toutes les lignes qui ne commencent pas par une valeur de timecode sont ignorées.
Cela vous permet d’ajouter facilement des commentaires à la liste.
 Il est inutile d’établir la liste des valeurs de timecode selon l’ordre chronologique.Chapitre 23 Utilisation de la fenêtre Preview 323
Raccourcis clavier de la fenêtre Preview
Commande clavier Fonction
Démarre une animation arrière rapide.
Démarre une animation avant rapide.
Lecture arrière du plan image par image.
Lecture avant du plan image par image.
Démarre ou arrête la lecture d’un plan.
Ajoute ou supprime un marqueur.
Lorsque la tête de lecture est positionnée sur un marqueur, ouvre
la zone de dialogue Modifier marqueur.
Définit un point d’entrée pour le plan.
Définit un point de sortie pour le plan.
J
L
espace
M
E
l
O24
325
24 Création et changement
de destinations
Compressor permet de choisir l’emplacement
d’enregistrement des fichiers transcodés.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 À propos de l’onglet Destinations (p. 326)
 Utilisation de l’Inspecteur avec l’onglet Destinations (p. 327)
 Création d’une destination (p. 328)
 Triangles d’avertissement (p. 332)
 Suppression et duplication d’une destination (p. 333)
 Création de destinations à utiliser avec DVD Studio Pro (p. 335)
Si vous ne sélectionnez aucune destination, le fichier de sortie est enregistré dans
le dossier du fichier multimédia source. Cela correspond peut-être à vos besoins,
mais s’il existe plusieurs serveurs de téléchargement distants ou que vous souhaitez
simplement obtenir un type spécifique de fichier de sortie à un emplacement donné,
vous devez définir cette destination.
Si un volume est ouvert sur votre bureau, il est traité de la même façon que s’il s’agissait
d’une destination locale et vous pouvez y enregistrer directement les fichiers multimé-
dias de sortie, sans qu’il soit nécessaire pour vous de suivre la procédure supplémentaire requise dans le cas des destinations distantes, telles que l’indication du nom d’hôte
et la saisie du nom d’utilisateur et du mot de passe. Lorsque vous utilisez l’option distante pour votre destination, vous pouvez enregistrer vos fichiers dans n’importe quel
dossier du répertoire Utilisateur de cet ordinateur distant.
Une fois que vous aurez créé toutes les destinations dont vous avez besoin, il ne sera
plus nécessaire pour vous de rouvrir l’onglet Destinations puisque vous pouvez
les sélectionner directement à partir de la fenêtre Lot.
Remarque : assurez-vous que les fichiers de sortie disposent des accès et des droits
appropriés pour les destinations distantes que vous spécifiez. 326 Chapitre 24 Création et changement de destinations
À propos de l’onglet Destinations
Utilisez l’onglet Destinations conjointement avec la fenêtre Inspecteur pour créer,
modifier ou supprimer vos réglages de destination et ajouter des identificateurs de
fichier au nom de vos fichiers multimédia de sortie. L’onglet Destinations contient
les éléments suivants :
 Liste Destinations : énumère les noms et les chemins d’accès des destinations.
Il existe quatre destinations par défaut dans le dossier Apple : Source est le dossier
dont provient le fichier multimédia source ; Bureau est le dossier « Bureau de
l’utilisateur » ; « Dossier des séquences de l’utilisateur » est le dossier « Séquences
de l’utilisateur » ; « Stockage de clusters » est l’emplacement de stockage de travail
d’un cluster.
Remarque : le stockage de clusters ne s’applique qu’aux installations de Compressor
sur lesquelles le traitement distribué est activé. La fonctionnalité de traitement distribué est limitée aux ordinateurs sur lesquels est installé Final Cut Studio.
 Ajouter (+) : pour créer une destination locale ou distante, cliquez sur ce bouton,
puis choisissez soit Local, soit À distance dans le menu local.
 Si vous choisissez Local, une zone de dialogue vous permet de sélectionner un dossier de destination.
 Si vous choisissez À distance, la zone de dialogue À distance apparaît. Saisissez
les informations FTP concernant le nom de l’hôte, le chemin d’accès du fichier et
le mot de passe afin d’accéder à l’emplacement distant. Vous pouvez aussi saisir
un emplacement iDisk.
Destinations par défaut
Destinations
personnalisées
Bouton Ajouter Bouton Supprimer
Bouton Dupliquer
Menu local « Modèle
de nom de fichier »
Exemple de ligne
de nom de fichier
Identificateurs de nom de fichier
par défautChapitre 24 Création et changement de destinations 327
 Bouton Dupliquer : crée une copie de la destination sélectionnée et la place dans
le dossier Personnalisé. Au lieu de créer une destination de zéro, utilisez cette fonction pour en créer une autre à partir d’une destination existante, que vous pouvez
ensuite paramétrer selon vos besoins.
 Supprimer (–) : supprime immédiatement la destination personnalisée sélectionnée
de l’onglet Destinations. Aucune confirmation ne vous est demandée, soyez donc sûr
de vouloir supprimer la destination avant de cliquer sur ce bouton.
Remarque : vous ne pouvez pas supprimer les destinations du dossier Apple.
Utilisation de l’Inspecteur avec l’onglet Destinations
Lorsque vous double-cliquez ou sélectionnez une destination sous l’onglet Destinations, la fenêtre Inspecteur s’ouvre. Elle contient les éléments suivants :
 Nom : utilisez ce champ pour modifier le nom du préréglage de destination.
 Modèle : utilisez ce menu local pour ajouter des identificateurs de fichier à votre
fichier multimédia de sortie. Ce champ peut être édité manuellement. Le fait de
sélectionner l’un des identificateurs suivants ajoute cet identificateur à la suite du
nom de votre fichier multimédia de sortie :
 Date : indique, selon le format ci-après, la date à laquelle le fichier a été transcodé :
AAAA-MM-JJ.
 Nom du réglage : nom du réglage utilisé pour la tâche de transcodage.
 Nom du média source : nom du fichier source sans son extension.
 Extension du média source : extension du fichier source.328 Chapitre 24 Création et changement de destinations
 Échantillon du modèle défini : affiche un échantillon de ce à quoi ressemblera le nom
du fichier de sortie ainsi que les identificateurs de fichier que vous avez ajoutés. Vous
ne pouvez pas éditer cette ligne, mais celle-ci est modifiée dynamiquement en fonction des identificateurs que vous ajoutez ou supprimez.
 Chemin : affiche le chemin du dossier de destination.
Création d’une destination
Vous utilisez l’onglet Destinations avec la fenêtre Inspecteur pour créer et affecter
une destination ainsi que pour ajouter des identificateurs de fichier à votre fichier de
sortie. Si vous souhaitez sauvegarder vos fichiers multimédias de sortie à un emplacement distant, vous devez saisir des informations dans la zone de dialogue À distance
pour que Compressor puisse accéder avec succès au serveur distant.
Vous pouvez créer les destinations suivantes :
 Local : tout répertoire sur votre ordinateur.
 Volume ouvert : tout volume ouvert partagé sur votre ordinateur.
 À distance : répertoire situé à l’emplacement par défaut d’un serveur FTP ou iDisk,
si vous disposez des autorisations et des droits d’accès appropriés.
Remarque : par défaut, la destination du fichier multimédia de sortie est le même dossier que celui dont proviennent les fichiers multimédias sources. Vous pouvez remplacer la destination par défaut par n’importe quel autre préréglage de destination.
Choisissez Compressor > Préférences et utilisez le menu local « Destination par défaut »
pour choisir parmi la liste des préréglages de destination.Chapitre 24 Création et changement de destinations 329
Pour créer une destination locale ou sur volume ouvert :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Destinations.
2 Cliquez sur le bouton Ajouter (+) et choisissez Local dans le menu local.
La zone de dialogue Sélection de la destination apparaît.
3 Naviguez jusqu’au dossier de destination choisi ou jusqu’au volume monté ouvert,
puis cliquez sur Ouvrir.
Une nouvelle destination appelée Sans titre Local-1 apparaît dans le dossier Destinations
où est indiqué le chemin permettant d’accéder au dossier que vous venez d’affecter.
4 Dans l’onglet Destinations, double-cliquez sur la nouvelle destination.
La fenêtre Inspecteur s’ouvre, affichant les informations importantes sur la nouvelle
destination.
5 Effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes dans l’Inspecteur :
 Modifiez le nom de la nouvelle destination dans le champ Nom.
 Modifiez le chemin de la nouvelle destination en cliquant sur Choisir afin d’ouvrir
la zone de dialogue de sélection de destination et en accédant à un nouveau dossier.
6 Ajoutez des identificateurs de fichier au nom de votre fichier de sortie à l’aide du menu
local dans le champ Modèle.
Vous pouvez également modifier manuellement ce champ en effectuant l’une des
opérations suivantes :
 Faites glisser les identificateurs de fichier afin de les réorganiser.
 Cliquez de chaque côté des identificateurs de fichier afin de taper du texte
supplémentaire.
Dans le menu local, choisissez Local.
Menu local « Modèle
de nom de fichier »330 Chapitre 24 Création et changement de destinations
 Utilisez la touche Suppr. de votre clavier afin de supprimer n’importe lequel des
identificateurs de fichier.
Le champ « Échantillon du modèle défini » de la fenêtre Inspecteur affiche un échantillon
du nom du fichier de sortie ainsi que les identificateurs de fichier choisis. La combinaison
d’identificateur de fichier par défaut est « Nom du média source-Nom du réglage ».
Remarque : évitez de personnaliser vos modèles de nom de fichier en les commençant
par un point (.). Le fichier résultant ne serait visible que via la ligne de commande et
serait introuvable avec le Finder de Mac OS X.
Consultez la section « À propos de l’onglet Destinations » à la page 326 pour plus de
détails sur ces paramètres.
Pour créer une destination distante :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Destinations.
2 Cliquez sur le bouton Ajouter (+) et choisissez Distant dans le menu local.
La zone de dialogue À distance apparaît. Elle contient les champs suivants :
 Nom : utilisez ce champ pour modifier le nom du préréglage de destination.
 Modèle : utilisez ce menu local pour ajouter des identificateurs de fichier à votre
fichier multimédia de sortie. Ce champ peut être édité manuellement. Le fait de
sélectionner l’un des identificateurs suivants ajoute cet identificateur à la suite du
nom de votre fichier multimédia de sortie :
 Date : indique, selon le format ci-après, la date à laquelle le fichier a été transcodé :
AAAA-MM-JJ.
 Nom du réglage : nom du réglage utilisé pour la tâche de transcodage.
 Nom du média source : nom du fichier source sans son extension.
 Extension du média source : extension du fichier source.
Le nom de l’hôte est obligatoire.
Le chemin d’accès du fichier est
obligatoire.Chapitre 24 Création et changement de destinations 331
 Échantillon du modèle défini : affiche un échantillon de ce à quoi ressemblera le nom
du fichier de sortie ainsi que les identificateurs de fichier que vous avez ajoutés.
Vous ne pouvez pas éditer cette ligne, mais celle-ci est modifiée dynamiquement
en fonction des identificateurs que vous ajoutez ou supprimez.
 Ftp ou iDisk : sélectionnez le type de destination distante que vous souhaitez créer.
 Nom d’hôte : (requis) nom du serveur hôte. Compressor suppose que le système
d’URL utilisé est du type ftp :, de sorte qu’il n’est pas nécessaire que vous saisissiez
ce type ni aucun autre système d’URL.
 Chemin d’accès : (obligatoire) spécifie le chemin interne de l’hôte sur lequel le fichier
multimédia de sortie sera stocké. Par exemple : Volumes/Films/Media de sortie. Ne saisissez que le chemin d’accès du fichier multimédia de sortie ; il n’est pas nécessaire
d’inclure son nom.
 Utilisateur : (facultatif) ce champ n’est requis que si le serveur hôte est muni de restrictions d’accès qui exigent la saisie d’un nom d’utilisateur et d’un mot de passe.
Si le serveur hôte est en accès libre, laissez ce champ vide.
 Mot de passe : (facultatif) ce champ n’est requis que si le serveur hôte est muni de
restrictions d’accès qui exigent la saisie d’un nom d’utilisateur et d’un mot de passe.
Si le serveur hôte est en accès libre, laissez ce champ vide.
3 Le cas échéant, saisissez les informations dans les champs appropriés.
4 Cliquez ensuite sur OK.
Une fois que vous avez créé au moins une destination autre que Source dans l’onglet
Destinations, vous pouvez définir une nouvelle destination par défaut.
Pour changer de destination par défaut :
1 Sélectionnez les préférences de Compressor.
2 Utilisez le menu local « Destination par défaut » pour choisir dans la liste des préréglages de destination existants.
La destination que vous choisissez apparaît en tant que destination par défaut lorsque
vous importez un nouveau fichier source dans la fenêtre Lot.332 Chapitre 24 Création et changement de destinations
Triangles d’avertissement
Lorsque la destination choisie pose problème, un triangle jaune d’avertissement apparaît. Vous devez d’abord résoudre ce problème si vous souhaitez effectuer un transcodage avec succès. Des triangles d’avertissement apparaissent dans l’onglet Destinations
s’il n’est pas possible d’accéder à la destination ou si elle est protégée en écriture,
et dans la fenêtre Lot si :
 Un fichier identique se trouve déjà à cet emplacement.
 Deux destinations portent le même nom.
 Il est impossible d’atteindre la destination ou d’y écrire des données.
Les avertissements apparaissent quel que soit le niveau d’apparition du problème
(préréglage, tâche ou lot) et se propagent au niveau supérieur, de sorte que si le problème survient au niveau des préréglages, les triangles d’avertissement seront visibles
depuis les préréglages et les tâches.
Si vous placez le curseur sur le triangle d’avertissement, une bulle d’aide apparaît après
quelques secondes en vous indiquant la nature du problème. Dès que ce problème est
résolu, le triangle d’avertissement disparaît et vous pouvez poursuivre le transcodage.
Cliquez sur le triangle
d’avertissement dans
la fenêtre Lot pour
afficher une zone de
dialogue contenant
une explication.Chapitre 24 Création et changement de destinations 333
Suppression et duplication d’une destination
Vous pouvez gérer les destinations en supprimant celles dont vous n’avez plus besoin
et en en créant de nouvelles à partir des destinations existantes.
Pour supprimer une destination :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Destinations.
2 Dans l’onglet Destinations, sélectionnez la destination que vous souhaitez supprimer,
puis cliquez sur le bouton Supprimer (-) ou appuyez sur Suppr.
Important : aucune confirmation ne vous est demandée au cours de cette opération,
donc assurez-vous de vouloir supprimer cette destination avant de cliquer sur ce bouton.
Bouton Supprimer334 Chapitre 24 Création et changement de destinations
Pour dupliquer une destination :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Destinations.
2 Dans l’onglet Destinations, sélectionnez la destination que vous souhaitez copier,
puis cliquez sur le bouton Dupliquer.
Une nouvelle entrée apparaît dans l’onglet Destinations avec la mention Copie ajoutée
à son nom. Cette destination est identique en tous points à l’originale. Le cas échéant,
renommez la destination dupliquée.
Bouton Dupliquer
Destination dupliquéeChapitre 24 Création et changement de destinations 335
Création de destinations à utiliser avec DVD Studio Pro
Lorsque vous procédez à l’encodage de fichiers vidéo et audio à utiliser dans
DVD Studio Pro, vous pouvez faciliter l’importation et l’utilisation des fichiers
dans DVD Studio Pro en créant une destination personnalisée.
DVD Studio Pro est capable de localiser automatiquement et, éventuellement,
d’importer ou d’utiliser un fichier audio lorsque vous importez ou utilisez un fichier
vidéo doté du même nom racine. Ainsi, si vous affectez un fichier vidéo à l’arrière-plan
d’un menu, DVD Studio Pro recherche un fichier audio portant le même nom et
le définit automatiquement comme séquence audio du menu.
Les destinations Compressor par défaut ajoutent le nom du réglage au nom du fichier.
Étant donné que différents réglages sont nécessaires pour générer des fichiers de sortie vidéo et audio compatibles DVD, les noms de ces fichiers ne sont jamais les mêmes,
y compris lorsqu’ils proviennent du même fichier source.
Lors de la création de destinations personnalisées dans Compressor, vous pouvez
choisir de ne pas inclure l’identificateur de fichier de nom de préréglage avec le nom
de fichier de sortie.
Pour supprimer le nom du réglage d’une destination :
1 Double-cliquez sur la destination.
Le champ Modèle de la fenêtre Inspecteur répertorie les identificateurs de fichier
affectés à la destination.
2 Si « Nom du réglage » est indiqué dans le champ Modèle, supprimez-le.
Champ Modèle25
337
25 Utilisation de droplets
Compressor vous permet d’enregistrer un ou plusieurs réglages ou groupes de réglages dans une droplet. Une droplet
est un préréglage autonome créé par Compressor se présentant sous la forme d’une application glisser-déposer et
enregistré sous forme d’icône.
Lorsque vous faites glisser des fichiers de données source sur l’icône d’une droplet, ils
sont automatiquement soumis en vue de leur transcodage en tenant compte des réglages incorporés spécifiés. Le processus de transcodage est alors lancé, que Compressor
soit ouvert ou fermé.
Vous pouvez faire glisser un nombre quelconque de fichiers multimédia sur une droplet. Ensuite, pour l’ouvrir et consulter les réglages qu’elle contient, il suffit de doublecliquer dessus.
Remarque : l’utilisation des droplets requiert l’installation préalable de Compressor sur
tous les ordinateurs sur lesquels vous souhaitez les utiliser.
Ce chapitre traite des sujets suivants :
 À propos de la fenêtre Droplet (p. 338)
 Création d’une droplet (p. 340)
 Vérification des réglages de droplets et des options AppleScript (p. 341)
 Utilisation d’une droplet pour transcoder des fichiers multimédia sources (p. 342)
 Conseils à propos des droplet (p. 344)338 Chapitre 25 Utilisation de droplets
À propos de la fenêtre Droplet
Vous pouvez ouvrir n’importe quelle droplet pour la consulter en détail. Vous avez aussi
la possibilité de modifier certains réglages, comme la destination et les identificateurs
des fichiers multimédia de sortie.
La fenêtre Droplet contient les éléments suivants :
 Cluster : ce menu local permet de choisir un cluster d’ordinateurs sur votre réseau,
auquel vous pouvez soumettre des lots pour le traitement distribué. (La fonctionnalité de traitement distribué est limitée aux ordinateurs sur lesquels est installé
Final Cut Studio.) Le menu ne comporte qu’une seule option (Cet ordinateur) sauf
si toutes les conditions suivantes sont réunies :
 Le traitement distribué est activé dans Compressor.
 D’autres clusters sont disponibles sur le réseau.
 Destination : ce champ affiche le chemin d’accès au dossier de destination du fichier
multimédia de sortie. Vous pouvez modifier ce chemin en cliquant sur le bouton
Choisir afin d’ouvrir la zone de dialogue de sélection de destination et en accédant
à un nouveau dossier.
 Modèle : utilisez ce menu local pour ajouter des identificateurs de fichier à votre
fichier multimédia de sortie. Ce champ peut être édité manuellement. Le fait de
sélectionner l’un des identificateurs suivants ajoute cet identificateur à la suite du
nom de votre fichier multimédia de sortie :
 Date : indique la date de transcodage selon le format AAAA-MM-JJ.
 Nom du réglage : nom du réglage utilisé pour la tâche de transcodage.
 Nom du média source : nom du fichier source sans son extension.
 Extension du média source : extension du fichier source.
Consultez la section « À propos de l’onglet Destinations » à la page 326 pour plus
d’informations sur l’utilisation d’identificateurs de fichier.
Champ Destination
Tableau Fichiers source
Menu local Réglage
Case à cocher « Afficher
au démarrage »
Tableau Résumé
Champ Modèle
Bouton SoumettreChapitre 25 Utilisation de droplets 339
 Fichiers source : contient toutes les tâches du lot sur le point d’être soumises au transcodage. Lorsque la case « Afficher au démarrage » est cochée, la fenêtre Droplet
s’ouvre automatiquement après avoir fait glisser vos fichiers multimédia sources sur
l’icône de la droplet et tous les fichiers multimédia sources apparaissent dans le
tableau Fichiers source. Vous pouvez faire glisser un ou plusieurs fichiers multimédia
sources dans ce tableau, et ceux-ci seront tous transcodés en même temps lors de
l’envoi du lot, comme s’il s’agissait d’un envoi normal depuis la fenêtre Lot.
 Réglage : ce menu local en lecture seule affiche la liste complète des réglages associés à chaque droplet. Vous pouvez attribuer à une droplet autant de réglages que
vous le souhaitez en en créant une à partir d’un groupe de réglages (Pour plus
d’informations, consultez la section « Création d’une droplet, » ci-après.) Quel que
soit le réglage, vous pouvez voir ses détails complets en le sélectionnant dans le
menu local, puis en consultant le tableau Résumé au bas de la fenêtre.
 Résumé : ce tableau répertorie chaque composant du réglage sélectionné dans
le menu local Réglage.
 Afficher au démarrage : lorsque cette case est cochée, la fenêtre Droplet s’ouvre
dès que vous faites glisser le fichier multimédia source sur l’icône de la droplet,
avant la soumission du lot. Cela vous permet de vérifier les réglages contenus dans
la droplet. Si la case n’est pas cochée, le lot est envoyé dès que vous le faites glisser
sur l’icône de la droplet (à condition qu’il n’y ait aucune erreur), sans que la fenêtre
ne s’ouvre.
 Soumettre : cliquez sur ce bouton pour envoyer le lot. Cette action n’est nécessaire
que si la case « Afficher au démarrage » n’est pas cochée, car sinon le lot est automatiquement envoyé.
Menu local Réglage340 Chapitre 25 Utilisation de droplets
Création d’une droplet
La création d’une droplet est d’une grande simplicité, et une fois créée, il est possible
d’envoyer rapidement et facilement des fichiers multimédia sources en transcodage.
Pour créer une droplet :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Réglages.
2 Sélectionnez le réglage ou le groupe de réglages que vous souhaitez enregistrer en
tant que droplet, puis cliquez sur le bouton Enregistrer droplet.
La zone de dialogue Enregistrer apparaît.
Remarque : vous ne pouvez pas sélectionner plusieurs réglages dans l’onglet Réglages
et les ajouter directement à une droplet. En revanche, vous pouvez placer les réglages
que vous souhaitez utiliser dans un groupe de réglages, sélectionner ce groupe,
puis cliquer sur Enregistrer. Dans ce cas, chaque fichier multimédia source est transcodé par chaque réglage de la droplet. Par exemple, si vous envoyez deux fichiers multimédia sources dans une droplet contenant trois réglages, Compressor crée six fichiers
multimédia de sortie différents. Pour plus d’informations sur la création de groupes de
réglages, consultez la section « Création de groupes de réglages » à la page 104.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue Enregistrer, nommez la droplet en remplissant le champ
« Enregistrer sous », puis utilisez le menu local Où pour naviguer jusqu’à l’emplacement de la droplet et cliquez sur Enregistrer.
Vous pouvez enregistrer votre droplet n’importe où sur votre ordinateur, mais il est
conseillé de l’enregistrer sur le bureau, afin de pouvoir facilement y faire glisser des
fichiers multimédia sources.
Vous pouvez choisir un dossier de destination autre que Source par l’intermédiaire
de la zone de dialogue Enregistrer, mais vous ne pouvez sélectionner que des destinations créées via l’onglet Destinations. Si aucune destination personnalisée n’a été
créée, seules quatre destinations Apple par défaut apparaissent dans le menu local
« Sélectionner une destination ». Consultez la section « Création d’une destination » à la
page 328 pour plus d’informations sur les destinations.
Bouton Enregistrer dropletChapitre 25 Utilisation de droplets 341
Pour choisir une destination alternative pour une droplet :
1 Choisissez une destination dans le menu local « Sélectionner une destination ».
Remarque : la droplet affiche un triangle d’avertissement lorsque la destination choisie
pose problème. Dans ce cas, changez de répertoire jusqu’à ce que l’avertissement disparaisse. Consultez la section « Triangles d’avertissement » à la page 332 pour plus
d’informations.
2 Cliquez sur Enregistrer.
La droplet que vous venez de créer apparaît sous forme d’icône à l’emplacement sélectionné. Elle est maintenant prête à être utilisée en transcodage.
Vérification des réglages de droplets et des options
AppleScript
La case « Afficher au démarrage », située en bas de la fenêtre Droplet, détermine si une
fenêtre Droplet s’ouvre ou non lorsque vous faites glisser un lot vers une icône de droplet. Si cette case est cochée, la fenêtre Droplet s’ouvre lorsque vous faites glisser un lot
sur l’icône de la droplet et vous pouvez consulter les réglages de la droplet.
Si cette case n’est pas cochée, double-cliquez sur l’icône de la droplet pour ouvrir sa
fenêtre et consulter ses réglages.
Consultez la section « À propos de la fenêtre Droplet » à la page 338 pour plus d’informations concernant les réglages de la droplet.
Vous pouvez voir une liste des options dictionnaire AppleScript pouvant être utilisées
avec une droplet en faisant glisser l’icône de la droplet sur l’éditeur de script situé dans
/Applications/AppleScript.
Case à cocher
« Afficher au démarrage »342 Chapitre 25 Utilisation de droplets
Utilisation d’une droplet pour transcoder des fichiers
multimédia sources
Une fois que vous avez créé une droplet, vous pouvez transcoder des fichiers multimé-
dia sources en les faisant glisser sur l’icône de la droplet.
Pour transcoder des fichiers multimédia sources à l’aide d’une droplet :
1 Faites glisser vos fichiers multimédia sources sur l’icône de la droplet.
Rôle de la case « Afficher au démarrage » en bas de la fenêtre :
 Si la case « Afficher au démarrage » n’est pas cochée : la droplet commence immédiatement le transcodage des fichiers multimédia sources.
 Si la case « Afficher au démarrage » est cochée : la fenêtre Droplet s’ouvre et les fichiers
multimédia sources sont affichés dans le tableau Fichiers source de la droplet. Passez
à l’étape 2 pour envoyer votre lot.
2 Si la fenêtre Droplet s’ouvre, vous pouvez vérifier et modifier les réglages de la droplet,
comme le dossier de destination et les identificateurs de fichier. Lorsque les réglages
vous conviennent, cliquez sur le bouton Soumettre.
Chaque fichier multimédia source est traité en fonction du réglage ou du groupe de
réglages contenu dans cette droplet. Chapitre 25 Utilisation de droplets 343
3 Ouvrez Batch Monitor si vous souhaitez suivre l’état du traitement de vos fichiers multimédia sources.
Pour plus d’informations, consultez le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Batch Monitor.
Si une fenêtre Droplet est ouverte, vous pouvez faire glisser vos fichiers multimédia
sources directement dans le tableau Fichiers source, puis les envoyer en transcodage.
Pour transcoder des fichiers multimédia sources à l’aide d’une droplet ouverte :
1 Double-cliquez sur l’icône d’une droplet pour l’ouvrir.
2 À l’aide du Finder, localisez les fichiers multimédia sources, puis faites-les glisser dans
le tableau Fichiers sources de la droplet.
3 Le cas échéant, modifiez les réglages de votre droplet, puis cliquez sur le bouton
Soumettre.
Chaque fichier multimédia source est traité en fonction du réglage ou du groupe de
réglages contenu dans cette droplet. Par exemple, si vous envoyez deux fichiers multimédia sources vers une droplet contenant trois réglages, Compressor crée six fichiers
multimédia de sortie différents.
4 Ouvrez Batch Monitor si vous souhaitez suivre l’état du traitement de vos fichiers multimédia sources.344 Chapitre 25 Utilisation de droplets
Conseils à propos des droplet
Voici quelques conseils supplémentaires sur l’utilisation des droplets pour le transcodage des fichiers multimédia sources.
Droplets et services de traitement Compressor
Si vous faites glisser des fichiers sur l’icône d’une droplet sans avoir ouvert l’application
ou une droplet au préalable, il se peut que Compressor vous affiche un avertissement
(« Cet ordinateur n’est pas disponible »), indiquant que les services de traitement
Compressor ne se sont pas encore lancés à l’arrière-plan. Cliquez sur le bouton Soumettre en bas de la fenêtre Droplet. Les services de traitement Compressor démarrent alors
pour transcoder les fichiers glissés.
Droplets et grand nombre de fichiers multimédia sources
Si vous soumettez un grand nombre de fichiers multimédia sources (par exemple 200
ou plus) à l’aide d’une droplet, un retard d’environ une minute peut se produire entre
le message d’alerte « Préparation au traitement » et l’apparition de la zone de dialogue
confirmant que la tâche est en cours de soumission. Vous pouvez éviter ce retard en réduisant le nombre de fichiers source que vous transmettez à la fois à l’aide d’une droplet. 345
A Annexe
A Dépannage et assistance client
Si vous rencontrez des problèmes lors de l’utilisation de Compressor, vous disposez
de plusieurs ressources pour y remédier.
 Notes commerciales : une page de notes commerciales, dans le menu Aide
Compressor, fournit des informations de dernière minute qu’il n’a pas été possible
de faire figurer dans le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Compressor. Consultez les notes
commerciales dès l’installation ou la mise à jour de Compressor.
 Page Web d’assistance de Compressor : Compressor possède sa propre page d’assistance technique consultable sur http://www.apple.com/fr/support/compressor
et sa propre page de discussions sur
http://discussions.info.apple.com/compressor (en anglais).
 Base de données « AppleCare Knowledge Base » : AppleCare offre une base de données
sur la résolution de problèmes courants, régulièrement mise à jour et enrichie pour
tenir compte des nouveaux problèmes dès leur apparition. Cette base de données
gratuite constitue une excellente ressource pour les utilisateurs de Compressor. Pour
accéder à cette base d’informations techniques AppleCare, visitez la page d’assistance
AppleCare à l’adresse suivante : http://www.apple.com/fr/support.
 Assistance AppleCare : les utilisateurs de Final Cut Pro disposent de plusieurs types
d’assistance. Pour plus d’informations, consultez le Guide d’assistance et de service
pour logiciels professionnels Apple fourni avec la documentation de Compressor.346 Annexe A Dépannage et assistance client
Contacter l’assistance AppleCare
Une documentation sur les options d’assistance proposées par Apple est fournie avec
Compressor. Selon vos besoins, plusieurs niveaux d’assistance sont disponibles.
Quel que soit votre problème, il est toujours utile de disposer immédiatement des
informations correspondantes disponibles. Plus vous avez d’informations à communiquer aux techniciens, plus vite ils seront en mesure de résoudre votre problème.
 Le numéro d’enregistrement fourni avec Compressor. Ce numéro diffère du numéro
de série logiciel utilisé pour activer votre copie de Compressor.
 Version de Mac OS X installée. Vous trouverez cette information en choisissant
l’option « À propos de ce Mac » dans le menu Pomme.
 La version de Compressor installée, en tenant compte, le cas échéant, des mises à
jour. Consultez le numéro de version en choisissant l’option Compressor > « À propos de Compressor ».
 Le modèle d’ordinateur utilisé.
 La quantité de mémoire RAM installée sur votre ordinateur et celle disponible pour
Compressor. Vous pouvez connaître la quantité de mémoire RAM installée en choisissant « À propos de ce Mac » dans le menu Pomme du Finder.
 Le matériel tiers connecté à l’ordinateur ou installé, ainsi que son fabricant. Il peut
s’agir de disques durs, cartes graphiques, etc.
 Modules de tierce partie ou autres logiciels installés avec Compressor.
Création d’un profil de support
Outre le fait qu’il propose un accès au Manuel de l’utilisateur de Compressor, le menu
Aide comprend également un élément permettant de créer un profil d’assistance.
Dans certains cas d’assistance technique, AppleCare demande des informations autant
sur l’ordinateur que sur la configuration de l’application en question. Sélectionnez
Aide > Créer un profil d’assistance pour créer un fichier contenant les informations
nécessaires et pouvant être envoyé par courrier électronique à AppleCare. Vous devez
normalement utiliser cette fonction, à moins qu’un représentant d’AppleCare ne vous
indique le contraire.
L’assistance AppleCare est accessible en ligne à l’adresse
http://www.apple.com/fr/support/compressorAnnexe A Dépannage et assistance client 347
Astuces de dépannage
Si vous rencontrez des problèmes lors de l’utilisation de Compressor, recherchez ici
la réponse à vos questions.
L’utilisation de la ligne de commande de Compressor requiert
l’ouverture d’une session
La ligne de commande permettant d’exécuter un réseau de traitement distribué
Apple Qmaster, chaque nœud du service Compressor (c’est-à-dire chaque ordinateur
fournissant des services Compressor de traitement distribué) doit avoir ouvert une session avec un nom d’utilisateur et un mot de passe Mac OS X pour pouvoir bénéficier de
toutes les fonctionnalités qu’offre ce système.
Mise à l’échelle (en couleurs 10 bits) de fichiers de données source
Si vous utilisez Compressor pour transcoder des fichiers multimédias sources utilisant
10 bits par canal de couleur et que vous avez l’intention de mettre leur image à l’échelle
(c’est-à-dire de la redimensionner), activez les contrôles d’images. Dans le cas contraire,
le fichier de sortie transcodé n’utilise alors que des couleurs sur 8 bits plutôt que 10.
Pour activer les contrôles d’images :
1 Ouvrez l’onglet Réglages.
2 Dans l’onglet Réglages, sélectionnez le réglage que vous souhaitez modifier. Vous pouvez également sélectionner un réglage déjà appliqué à un fichier de données source
dans la fenêtre Lot.
3 Cliquez sur l’onglet « Contrôles d’images » dans la fenêtre de l’Inspecteur.
4 Sélectionnez une des valeurs suivantes dans le menu local « Contrôles d’images » :
 Automatique : Compressor analyse la tâche de transcodage (le fichier de données
source et le réglage appliqué), puis il détermine automatiquement les attributs
« Contrôles d’images » appropriés.
 Personnalisé : cette option permet d’ajuster manuellement tous les attributs de
la sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’images. 349
B Annexe
B Utilisation de la ligne de
commande
Utilisation de la ligne de commande
Si vous êtes habitué à effectuer votre travail à partir de shells Terminal et que vous avez
besoin (ou préférez) exécuter Compressor à partir de la ligne de commande avec
une utilisation minimale des interfaces d’application, cette annexe vous est destinée.
L’annexe inclut les rubriques suivantes :
 Commandes de shell pour la configuration des nœuds de service et des contrôleurs
de cluster (p. 349)
 Commandes de shell pour l’envoi de travaux Compressor (p. 350)
 Commandes de shell pour le contrôle des lots (p. 353)
Commandes de shell pour la configuration des nœuds
de service et des contrôleurs de cluster
Une alternative à l’utilisation de la sous-fenêtre Apple Qmaster des Préférences Système
consiste à utiliser la commande qmasterprefs avec les options de ligne de commande destinées à activer et désactiver les services de contrôle des clusters et des nœuds de service.
Dans les descriptions de ligne de commande ci-dessous, les crochets < > indiquent un
argument obligatoire dans une commande et les crochets [ ] indiquent un argument
facultatif.
Remarque : la ligne de commande permettant d’exécuter un réseau de traitement distribué Apple Qmaster, chaque nœud du service Compressor (c’est-à-dire chaque ordinateur
fournissant des services Compressor de traitement distribué) doit avoir ouvert une session
avec un nom d’utilisateur et un mot de passe Mac OS X pour pouvoir bénéficier de toutes
les fonctionnalités qu’offre ce système.
Vue d’ensemble
Vous trouverez ci-dessous un résumé de la commande permettant d’activer et de
désactiver les services de contrôle des clusters sur un ordinateur. La commande
qmasterprefs se trouve dans le dossier /usr/sbin.
qmasterprefs -cluster [-timeout ] [-servername ]
[-list] [-help] 350 Annexe B Utilisation de la ligne de commande
Vous trouverez ci-dessous un résumé de la commande permettant d’activer et de
désactiver le traitement des nœuds de service sur un ordinateur.
qmasterprefs -service “Traitement Unix” [-instances ]
[-timeout ] [-servername ] [-list] [-help]
Options de commande
Ce tableau fournit des informations sur l’activation et la désactivation de chacun des
services de contrôle de cluster et de nœud de service.
Commandes de shell pour l’envoi de travaux Compressor
Vous pouvez exécuter l’application Compressor à partir de la ligne de commande en
tapant Compressor , avec un certain nombre d’options de ligne de commande pour
soumettre les tâches.
Dans les descriptions de ligne de commande ci-dessous, les crochets < > indiquent
un argument obligatoire dans une commande et les crochets [ ] indiquent un argument facultatif.
Option de commande
de préférence Description
[-cluster] Active ou désactive les services de contrôle de cluster.
[timeout min] [servername nom] [quickcluster on | off] [unmanagedservices on | off] [unmanagedmulticapturethreshold sec]
[networkinterface allinterfaces | ]
[-service Rendering]
Active ou désactive les services de rendu UNIX.
[timeout min] [instances n] [autorestart on | off] [unmanaged on | off]
[-list] Répertorie les réglages qmasterprefs actuels.
[-help] Affiche des informations sur les options prises en charge par
qmasterprefs.
[-restart] Redémarre les services Apple Qmaster.
[-service name options] Définit les options des services.Annexe B Utilisation de la ligne de commande 351
Vue d’ensemble
Voici une vue d’ensemble de la commande permettant d’envoyer un travail à un cluster.
La commande Compressor se trouve dans le dossier /Applications/Compressor.app/
Contents/MacOS.
Compressor [-clustername ][-clusterid ] [-batchfilepath ] [-batchname ] [-priority ] [-jobpath
] [-settingpath ] [-destinationpath ] [-info
] [-timeout ] [-help] [-show]
Dans cet exemple, il est possible de répéter -jobpath, -settingpath et
-destinationpath autant de fois que nécessaire, selon le nombre de tâches
à « soumettre ».
Remarque : les options ne sont pas toutes nécessaires. Vous pouvez, par exemple,
indiquer le cluster soit par son nom (-clustername), oit par son identifiant (-clusterid).
Vous n’avez pas besoin d’indiquer les deux. Dans le cas où les deux valeurs sont indiquées, seul -clusterid est utilisé.
De plus, si vous indiquez une valeur -batchfilepath, les valeurs -jobpath,
-settingpath, et -destinationpath ne sont alors pas nécessaires car le fichier de lot
précédemment enregistré contient déjà les informations concernant la tâche, les réglages et la destination.
Exemple de valeur -batchfilepath:
Compressor -clustername "Cet ordinateur" -batchfilepath "/Volumes/Hermione/
SavedCompressorBatches/FreeChampagne.compressor"
Une fois que la tâche a bien été envoyée, cette commande affiche l’identifiant (ID)
du lot et celui de la tâche dans le shell. Vous pouvez également surveiller la progression du lot dans Batch Monitor.352 Annexe B Utilisation de la ligne de commande
Options de commande
Ce tableau contient des informations sur chacune des options de commande pour
l’envoi de travaux.
Option de commande d’envoi Description
[-clustername ] Utilisez-la pour spécifier le nom du cluster auquel vous souhaitez
envoyer le travail. Avec le nom du cluster, Compressor recherche
le cluster sur le réseau afin de l’utiliser.
[-batchname ] Utilisez-la pour spécifier un nom pour le lot, de façon à pouvoir
le reconnaître facilement dans Batch Monitor.
[-clusterid ]
Vous pouvez aussi vous servir de -clusterid pour saisir l’ID et l
e numéro du port du cluster au lieu d’utiliser -clustername. Lorsque vous saisissez l’ID de cluster et le port, moins de temps est
nécessaire pour rechercher le cluster sur le réseau.
Si vous avez utilisé -clustername et que le cluster nécessite
un mot de passe, utilisez -clusterid pour spécifier le nom d’utilisateur et le mot de passe (vous devez également inclure l’adresse
IP : numéro du port chaque fois que vous utilisez -clusterid).
Astuce : utilisez la commande Compressor -show pour afficher
l’adresse IP et le numéro de port d’un cluster.
[-priority ] Spécifie le niveau de priorité d’un travail.
[-jobpath ] Spécifie l’emplacement du fichier source.
[-settingpath ] Spécifie l’emplacement des réglages pour le travail.
[-destinationpath ] Spécifie l’URL du fichier de destination pour le travail.
[-info ] Fournit des informations détaillées pour un lot ou un travail.
[-timeout ] Utilisez cette commande pour spécifier le nombre de secondes
avant que Compressor n’interrompe la recherche d’un cluster.
La valeur par défaut est de 0, ce qui signifie qu’il n’y a pas de limite
pour l’expiration, impliquant que Compressor parcourt le réseau
jusqu’à ce qu’il ait trouvé le cluster.
[-show] Affiche les informations relatives à l’identification du cluster spécifié avec -clustername ou -clusterid ou celles qui concernent tous les clusters si aucun d’entre eux n’est spécifié.
[-help] Affiche les informations relatives aux paramètres obligatoires
de la commande Compressor.Annexe B Utilisation de la ligne de commande 353
Exemple de code XML de commande Compressor
Le code ci-dessous est un exemple de code XML pour l’envoi d’une commande
Compressor. Remarquez qu’étant donné que ce code doit être saisi en tant que ligne
de commande, chaque caractère non alphanumérique venant après -options doit être
précédé d’une barre oblique inverse (\).
./Compressor -clusterid tcp://127.0.0.1:51737 -batchname myBatch -jobpath /
Volumes/Source/ShortClips/NTSC24p.mov -settingpath /Utilisateurs/
stomper10/Bibliothèque/Application\ Support/Compressor/
PhotoJPEG.setting -destinationpath /Utilisateurs/nomdemachine/Séquence/
NomFichierdeDestination.mov.
Cette commande comporte les éléments suivants :
 L’adresse IP du cluster est tcp://127.0.0.1:51737.
 Le nom du lot est myBatch.
 Le chemin du travail est /Volumes/Source/ShortClips/NTSC24p.mov.
 Le chemin d’accès des réglages est /Utilisateurs/stomper10/Bibliothèque/
Application/Support/Compressor/PhotoJPEG.setting.
 Le chemin d’accès de destination est /Utilisateurs/nomdemachine/Séquence.
Commandes de shell pour le contrôle des lots
Vous pouvez utiliser la commande Batch Monitor, Batch\ Monitor, avec un certain
nombre d’options de ligne de commande pour le contrôle des tâches.
Dans les descriptions de ligne de commande ci-dessous, les crochets < > indiquent
un argument obligatoire dans une commande et les crochets [ ] indiquent un argument facultatif.
Vue d’ensemble
Voici une vue d’ensemble de la commande pour le contrôle de lots. La commande
Batch\ Monitor se trouve dans /Applications/Utilitaires/Batch Monitor.app/Contents/
MacOS.
Batch\ Monitor [-clustername ] [-clusterid ] [-jobid -batchid
] [-timeout ] [-query ] [-help]354 Annexe B Utilisation de la ligne de commande
Pour annuler un travail ou un lot :
Batch\ Monitor [-clustername ] [-clusterid
] -kill -jobid
-batchid
Options de commande
Ce tableau contient des informations sur chacune des options de commande pour
le contrôle de lots.
Option de commande
de contrôle Description
[-clustername ] Utilisez-la pour spécifier le nom du cluster auquel le travail a été
envoyé.
[-clusterid ]
Vous pouvez aussi vous servir de -clusterid pour saisir l’ID
et le numéro du port du cluster au lieu d’utiliser -clustername.
Si vous avez utilisé -clustername et que le cluster nécessite
un mot de passe, utilisez -clusterid pour spécifier le nom d’utilisateur et le mot de passe (vous devez également inclure l’adresse
IP : numéro du port chaque fois que vous utilisez -clusterid).
Astuce : utilisez Apple\ Qmaster -show ou Compressor -
show pour afficher l’adresse IP et le numéro de port d’un cluster.
[-jobid
-batchid ]
Utilisez-la pour spécifier le travail que vous souhaitez contrôler.
Lorsque vous utilisez l’option -jobid, vous devez également spé-
cifier -batchid sous la forme du nom qui a été attribué au lot lors
de sa soumission. Les paramètres batchid et jobid sont affichés
après l’envoi d’un lot.
Si vous n’utilisez pas l’option -jobid, tous les travaux envoyés
au cluster spécifié sont répertoriés.
[-timeout ] Utilisez cette commande pour spécifier le nombre de secondes
avant que Batch Monitor n’interrompe la recherche d’un cluster.
La valeur par défaut est de 0, ce qui signifie qu’il n’y a pas de limite
pour l’expiration, impliquant que Batch Monitor parcourt le réseau
jusqu’à ce qu’il ait trouvé le cluster.
[-query ] Utilisez cette option pour spécifier la fréquence, en secondes,
selon laquelle l’état du travail doit être mis à jour.
[-kill -jobid -batchid ]
Annule le travail ou lot spécifié.
[-help] Affiche des informations sur les options prises en charge
par Batch\ Monitor. 355
Index
Index
A
AAC 136
actions
activation de la notification par message
électronique 299
ajout d’AppleScripts 299–300
paramètres 31, 67
post-transcodage 299–300
affichage Échantillon du modèle défini 328
aide
en ligne 16
profils d’assistance 16
AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format)
choix de formats de sortie 34
description 133–137
encodeur 14
paramètres 134–137
réglages audio 244–245
réglages QuickTime 241
algorithmes d’optimisation 226, 229, 231, 233, 240
animation dans les séquences 208
annotations 89
AppleCare
base de connaissances 345
profils d’assistance 16
Apple Qmaster
alternatives 349
traitement distribué 64
AppleScripts
activation 67
choix 67
exécution 298
options dictionnaire 341
ressources 301, 347
site Web 301, 347
Apple Store 18
Apple TV
proportions 163
taille pour encodeur 164
vidéo H.264 pour 159
assistance client 345–347
atténuation de 3 dB 146
audio
activation de pistes 239
audio PCM 168
canaux 141, 186
CD 246
codes d’identificateur de canaux 83, 152
débits maximum 170, 207
format Dolby Digital AC-3 12, 139, 148
liste des filtres 268–271
mixage spatial 154–156
MPEG-1/couche 2 212
PCM 168
qualité des périphériques 252
réglage Passthrough 239, 283
réglages MPEG-1 185
règles 142, 147
sans compression 136, 246, 251
son Surround 83–86, 149–154
stéréo. Voir audio stéréo
taille d’échantillonnage 252
taux d’échantillonnage 252
8 bits 246, 252
16 bits 246, 252
Audio Interchange File Format. Voir AIFF
audio stéréo
canaux 228
débit de données 143
lecture stéréo 156
son Surround 140
sous-mixage 149
authentification SMTP 297
autorisations 328
avertissements, destinations 332
B
balance des blancs 262
barre d’outils 52
configuration 52
éléments 54
vue d’ensemble 52–55
barre de menus 52
Batch Monitor
état d’un lot 37
dans le flux de travaux 25356 Index
options de ligne de commande 353
ouverture 70
ouverture automatique 39
présentation 70
bouton
Ajouter 95
d’utilisation 184
de balayage 308
Définir le point d’entrée 316
Définir le point de sortie 316
de retour et d’avance rapide 308
Dupliquer 95, 99
Enregistrer droplet 95, 340
Grouper 94, 104
Lecture 308, 311
Lecture en boucle 308
Pause 308
Soumettre 339
Supprimer 95, 104
Vue de sortie 304
Vue source 304
C
cache Letterbox 264
canal central 154
canaux
affectation avec des codes d’identificateur 83,
152
Alpha 265
application de filtres 265
audio mono 228
bande passante complète 146
centre 154
de colorimétrie 265
Dolby Digital 141
LFE 146, 155
réglages MPEG-1 186
réglages QuickTime 245
sortie AIFF 135
sortie MPEG-4 228
Surround 146, 155
utilisation dans les programmes Dolby
Digital 139, 154–156
case à cocher Afficher au démarrage 339, 341, 342
CBR (débits constants) 170, 207
CD audio 185, 252
CD-ROM
contenu QuickTime 237
fréquences d’échantillonnage 252
sortie MPEG-1 181
CD vidéo. Voir VCD
centres fantômes 154
champ
de flou 263
de netteté 263
de rognage 290
Description 105
Destination 338
de timecode de tête de lecture 307
durée maximum de paquet 230
extension de fichier 63
intervalle entre les images-clés 227
modèle 210, 327, 338
taille maximum de paquet 229
chemins vers les destinations 328, 331
cibles
ajout à une tâche 118
à propos de 117
copie 118
description 19, 31
suppression 118
clusters
choix pour le traitement distribué 338
copie d’options 40
envoi de tâches 351
sélection d’emplacements de stockage 326
codage audio avancé (AAC) 225
code
d’identificateur pour les canaux 83, 152
XML 353
codecs
AAC (codage audio avancé) 136, 225
AIFF 136–137
audio 251–252
avec perte 251
choix 250
description 32
IMA 136
photo JPEG 242, 243
PNG 243
présentation 250–252
QDesign Music 136
QDesign Music 2 135, 245
QDMC 136
Qualcomm PureVoice 135, 136, 245
QuickTime 241, 247–252
sans perte 251
Sorenson Vidéo 3 242
codecs audio
Voir aussi codecs
AAC 225
AIFF 136–137
choix 135, 136, 246
MP3 177
codecs audio QuickTime 251–252
ajout aux préréglages 249–250
choix 136, 246, 251–252
paramètres 241
codecs vidéo
Voir aussi codecs, noms des codecs spécifiques
avec perte 251Index 357
considérations 250
sans perte 251
codecs vidéo QuickTime
ajout aux préréglages 247–248
choix 250–251
paramètres 241
commande qmasterprefs 349
commandes
Batch Monitor 353–354
de shell 349–354
de shell Terminal 349–354
compatibilité de la sortie MPEG-2 212
composante audio
taux d’échantillonnage 147, 185
composants d’exportation
au format QuickTime 256
de QuickTime 15
compression
audio 145
audio sans compression 136, 246, 251
Compressor
flux de travaux. Voir flux de travaux
interface 43–75
introduction 9–15
mémoire allouée 346
modèles 45–47
préférences 39–41
premiers contacts avec 19–27
quitter après la soumission des lots 40
raccourcis 38
scénarios 11
site web 17
terminologie 32
vue d’ensemble des fonctionnalités 12–14
configuration
contrôleurs de cluster 349–350
nœuds de service 349–350
Content Agent
définition de préférences 40
description 40
contrôles
de navigation 308
de Timeline 307
du filtre 260
contrôles de resynchronisation
conversion de la vitesse vidéo 283
usages 283
contrôleurs de cluster
activation/désactivation 349, 350
configuration de commandes de shell 349–350
conversions 196
de fréquences d’images vidéo 283
de la vitesse vidéo 283
copie d’éléments
destinations 327, 334
réglages 95, 99
correction gamma 264
couleur
d’arrière-plan 265
de marqueur 307
de pixel 266
espaces colorimétriques 259
filtres 262
incrustations de texte 267
réglages 243
curseur
Débit maximum 168, 207, 221
Débit moyen 207, 220
de partage de l’écran 306
de réglage du débit 228, 229
manuel 265
qualité 244
D
dates
transcodages 327
débits 143, 244
constants 170, 207
maximum 168, 207, 221
moyens 207, 220–221
MPEG-1 185
MPEG-2 204–207
MPEG-4 227, 229
QuickTime 244
sortie au format H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro 167
variable. Voir VBR
décodeur
Dolby Digital 90, 315
lecture stéréo 155
défauts dans les fichiers de sortie 90, 251
dépannage
ressources 345
déplacement de la tête de lecture 308
désentrelacement vidéo 258–259, 262
destinations 325–334
Voir aussi réglages
affectation 22, 24, 36, 115–116
avertissements 332
changement des paramètres par défaut 41, 331
comparaison avec les réglages 93
création 33, 328–331
description 31
distantes 326, 328, 330, 331
droplets 340, 341
duplication 327, 334
DVD Studio Pro 193, 335
identificateurs de fichier 327
locales 326, 328, 329–330
par lots 29
sortie de la séquence d’images 175
suppression 327, 333358 Index
suppression de noms 335
temporaires 116
types de 328
volume ouvert 329–330
distribution de réglages 106
dossier
Bureau 326
de groupes 97, 105
fichiers transcodés 33
Séquences 326
downmix 144, 156
droplets 337–344
ajout d’identificateurs de fichier 338
création 38, 95, 340–341
description 38
destinations 340
enregistrement 95, 340
réglages 341, 342
réglages audio Surround 154
transcodage avec des 342–343
utilisation 38
duplication d’éléments
destinations 327, 334
réglages 95, 99
DVD
débits 185
DVD résolution HD 196
fréquences d’échantillonnage 185, 252
marqueurs de chapitre 215
minutes de vidéo 204
réglages MPEG-1 187, 189–193
sortie MPEG-1 181
vidéo SD 196
DVD-5 171
DVD HD
prise en charge SD et HD 171
DVD Studio Pro
configuration MPEG-1 189–193
destinations 193, 335
format MPEG-2 12
métadonnées 212, 224
options d’encodage Dolby 141
E
échelle Letterbox 264
écrans de veille 37, 121
Éditeur de script 341
effets basse fréquence. Voir LFE
enchaînement de tâches 119
encodage
1 passe 168, 205
à deux passes 63–64
de fichiers audio 148–149
multipasse 63–64, 168
VBR 1 passe optimal 205
VBR 2 passes optimal 205, 206
VBR 2 passes 206
VBR une passe 225
1 passe 205, 225
à 2 passes. Voir encodage à deux passes
encodeur
Dolby Digital 155
Dolby Digital Professional 34
MPEG-4 15
enregistrement d’éléments
droplets 340
lots 125
en-têtes comprimés 240
envoi
des réglages par courrier électronique 106
envoi de lots 37
options de ligne de commande 350
renvoi 123, 124–125
espaces de couleur 259
état des lots soumis 37
exportation d’éléments
marqueurs de chapitre 216
média avec images I 69
modules Composants d’exportation au format
QuickTime 254
projets Final Cut Pro 126
extensions
.ac3 63, 140
.aiff 63
.compressor 125
.dv 63
.m1a 63, 186
.m1v 63
.m2t 63
.m2v 63, 198
.m4v 63
.mov 63, 238
s.mov 166
.mp4 63, 226
.mpeg 63
.mpg 63
Voir aussi les noms des extensions de fichier
spécifiques
dans le champ Extension de fichier 63
fichiers Dolby Digital 140
identificateurs de canal 84, 152
tableau Résumé 61
.setting 106
.tga 63
.tiff 63
F
fenêtre
Droplet 71, 338–339
Préférences 39–41Index 359
fenêtre Historique 44
état du transcodage 37
ouverture/fermeture 68
renvoi de lots 125
resoumettre des lots 124
vue d’ensemble 68, 123–124
fenêtre Inspecteur
à propos des réglages automatiques 58
description 44
Destinations 327
présentation 57–67, 98–99
fenêtre Lot
avertissements de destination 332
barre d’outils 52–55
droplets et 339
dans le flux de production 35, 44
importation de fichiers multimédia sources 79–
86
onglets 78
présentation 51–52, 78–79
fenêtre Preview 303–323
agrandissement de la taille de l’écran de
prévisualisation 304
ajout d’images I à des fichiers MPEG-2 223
contrôles 304–309
description 33, 44
fichiers Dolby Digital 315
ouverture 69
présentation 69, 304–309
prévisualisation des plans 310–315
prévisualisation des réglages 33, 36, 44, 102–104
raccourcis clavier 75, 323
rôles 303
transcodage de sections de plans 315–316
fenêtres. Voir fenêtres de Compressor
fenêtres de Compressor
à propos des onglets 49–51
pourquoi elles sont parfois masquées 48
redimensionnement 48
utilisation 48–51
fichiers
chemins 331
de sous-titres codés 88
média. Voir fichiers multimédia sources
script AppleScript 300
source compressés 90
fichiers de données source
fréquences d’images 196
haute définition 196
résolution 196
fichiers de séquence QuickTime
encodeur 15
extension .mov extension 166
fichiers de séquence QuickTime 238
marqueurs de chapitre 240
séquences à lancement rapide 238, 240
fichiers de sortie
Voir également les noms des formats spécifiques
choix du format 31, 34
description 29, 31
destinations. Voir destinations
formats, description 32
noms 117
qualité 303
réglages. Voir réglages
transcodage 14
fichiers de sortie QuickTime
création 237–238
fichiers web 238
flux de production de transcodage 246–250
réglages audio 135, 244–245
fichiers multimédia. Voir fichiers multimédia sources
fichiers multimédia sources
ajout à des lots 20–21, 79–83
attribution de destinations aux 22, 24, 36, 115–
116
attribution de réglages 22–23, 35, 110–113
confirmation de la fin du transcodage 37
dans la fenêtre Inspecteur 59
description 29, 30
diffusion en continu sur Internet 238
extensions des 61
fenêtre Droplet 339
fichiers audio 148
fichiers hautement compressés 90
importation 35, 77–83, 196
longueur 147
présentation 69, 310–315
processus de conversion 11
redimensionnement 66
transcodage. Voir transcodage
transfert vers les clusters de traitement 41
films, description 30
filtres
accentuer contour 266
ajout aux réglages 271–272
application 66, 313
CN 146
contraste de luminosité 261
de correction gamma 264
de filigrane 268
description 31
désentrelaçage 262
de suppression de bruit 265
égaliseur graphique Apple AU 269
étalonnage des hautes lumières 262
fondu entrant/sortant (audio) 270
fondu entrant/sortant (vidéo) 263
générateur de timecode 267
letterbox 264
limiteur de pics 269
ordre 257360 Index
paramètres 65, 104, 261–271
passe-bas 146
passe-haut 146
plage dynamique 269
prévisualisation 104, 257, 313
réorganisation 66
rétablir BlackWhite 261
superposer texte 266
types de 261–271
utilisation 257–259, 260–272
Final Cut Pro
marqueurs de chapitre 216
quitter Compressor après les lots 40
renvoi de projets 127
traitement distribué 127–130
transcodage de projets 126–127
flux
de programme 197, 212
de transport 197, 212
élémentaires 186, 197, 212
multiplexés 186
système 186
flux de production
fenêtres et flux de production Compressor 44
format Flux DV 158
format H.264 pour périphériques Apple 164, 171
MP3 180
MPEG-1 186–187
MPEG-2 216–224
podcasting avec MPEG-4 234–236
QuickTime 246–250
transcodage de base 29–38
flux de travaux
rapides et faciles 20–26
forcer au format 66
format
080i 200
1080i 293
1920x1080 166
AVI 237, 254
Dolby Digital Professional 139
H.264 15
MPEG comme fichier source 90
rés HDV 200
VCPRO HD 293
vidéo anamorphosés 293
4p 204
720p 166, 200, 293
format AC-3
Voir aussi format Dolby Digital Professional
débits de données 143
encodage 12, 63, 140
fréquences d’échantillonnage 147
longueur des flux 147
format Dolby Digital Professional 139–140, 154–156
à propos du 14
comme sources 90
conversion audio 148
description 12
prévisualisation 90, 147
prévisualiser 315
réglages de l’onglet Audio 141–144
réglages de l’onglet Bitstream 144
réglages de l’onglet Prétraitement 145–146
format DVD-Vidéo
flux vidéo MPEG-2 196
GOP ouverts 214
format Flux DV
à propos de 157
flux de production 158
réglages 157–158
format H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro
sélection de formats de sortie 34
format H.264 pour périphériques Apple
flux de production 164, 171
groupes GOVU 169
introduction 159
sélection de formats de sortie 34
sous-fenêtre Encodeur 160–164, 165–168
synchronisation des images 169
synchronisation partielle 169
utilisation de l’encodage multipasse 170
vidéo progressive 171
format MP3
flux de production 180
introduction 177
podcasts 178
sélection de formats de sortie 34
sous-fenêtre Encodeur 178
utilisations courantes du 177
format MPEG-1
ajout d’images I 318–319
choix de formats de sortie 34
configuration pour les DVD 189–193
configuration pour le web 188–189
description 15
exemples de réglages 187
exportation 12
comme fichiers source 90
flux de production de transcodage 186–187
flux élémentaires et système 186
fréquences et tailles d’images 182
introduction 181–182
plates-formes 181
spécifications d’encodeur 182
format MPEG-2
ajout d’images I 223, 318–319
analyse des sources 90
Blu-ray 199
choix de formats de sortie 34
description 15
DVD HD 196, 199Index 361
DVD SD 199
fichiers de sortie 195–215
comme fichiers source 90
flux de production de transcodage 216–224
générique 199
marqueurs 215
paramètres de création 211–224
prise en charge de la lecture en continu 195
projets DVD Studio Pro 12
réglages 217
réglages complémentaires 223–224
réglages de qualité 204–208, 217, 219–222
réglages GOP 209–215, 222–223
réglages vidéo 199–219
réglage Utilisation de flux 199
tailles d’image 314
types de flux 197
format MPEG-4
avantages 225
choix de formats de sortie 34
et podcasting 227
fichiers de sortie 225–236
comme fichiers source 90
flux de production de podcasts 234–236
processus de transcodage 230–236
réglages audio 228, 228–233
réglages d’enchaînement 229–230
réglages vidéo 227–228, 230, 232
format NTSC
fréquence d’images 182, 202
proportions pixel 292
rognage 201
sortie MPEG-2 200
taille d’image SIF 182
taille GOP 210
format PAL
proportions pixel 292
sortie MPEG-2 200
sortie MPEG SIF 182
taille GOP 210
formats. Voir formats spécifiques
format
3G 237, 254
formats de fichier
Voir aussi le nom des formats de fichier spécifiques
description 32
extensions 63
format Séquence d’images
encodeurs 15, 34
sorties 173–176
format Vidéo DVD
DVD Studio Pro et le 141
fréquence d’images
affichage 196
MPEG-1 182, 184
MPEG-2 202
MPEG-4 227
NTSC 202
QuickTime 242
réglages 277
resynchronisation d’images 65
séquences d’images 174
sortie au format H.264 pour DVD Studio Pro 167
synchronisation 168
fréquences d’échantillonnage
audio DVD 142
audio QuickTime 136, 245
DAT 252
flux AC-3 147
présentation 252
réglages MPEG-1 185
réglages MPEG-4 228
son Surround 147
sortie AIFF 135
DV 252
G
géométrie
paramètres 31, 66, 290–295
gestion des basses 155
GOP (groupe d’images)
ajout d’images I à des plans 223
fermé 210, 214–215
fichiers de sortie MPEG-2 222–223
ouvert 210, 214–215
paramètres 183, 209–211, 213–215
présentation 211–215
structure 209, 213
taille 200, 210, 213
GOP fermés 210, 214, 223
GOP ouverts 210, 214, 223
groupe d’images. Voir GOP
groupes
d’images H.264 169
description 32
GOVU 169
réglages 94, 104
I
identificateurs de fichier 327, 338
illustration
ajout au marqueur de chapitre 321
images
bidirectionnelles 211
delta 243
fixes 30
mise à l’échelle 287, 291–293
numérotation 175
prédites 211
qualité des 244, 265
redimensionnement 65362 Index
remplissage 289
resynchronisation 65
rognage 287, 290–291, 312
sortie de séquence 173
sortie TARGA 173
sortie TIFF 173
types 211–215
B 209, 211, 213
images clés
description 211
de synchronisation partielle 169
H.264 168
MPEG-4 227
QuickTime 243
images I
forcées 211, 215, 223
ajout à des plans 318–319
ajout aux fichiers MPEG-2 223
description 211, 215
forcées 215, 223
marqueurs 69
structures GOP 209, 213
suppression dans des plans 319
images P
209, 211, 213
importation d’éléments
fichiers multimédia sources 35, 77–83
projets Final Cut Pro 126
indications 240
installation de modules QuickTime 254
Internet. Voir web
intervalle entre les images clés (Fréquence de
synchronisation des images) 168
intra image. Voir images I
iPod
format Composants d’exportation au format
QuickTime 254
marqueurs de chapitre 163
marqueurs de podcast 163
proportions 163
tailles pour encodeurs 164
vidéo H.264 pour 159
iTunes
marqueurs de chapitre 163
marqueurs de podcast 163
proportions 163
vidéo H.264 pour 159
L
lecture
commandes de lecture 308
en boucle 308
plates-formes 14
stéréo 156
vidéo en continu 195, 226, 229–230
LFE (effets basse fréquence)
activation 142
canal 146, 155
interférence 155
limitations 155
ligne de commande 349–354
commandes de shell 349
contrôle de lots 353
envoi de tâches 350
limite de rognage 306
liste
des filtres 260
des marqueurs de chapitre TeXML 321
lots 109–132
Voir aussi Batch Monitor
affectation de destinations 36, 115–116
annulation 354
changement de fichier multimédia source 82
contrôle 353
contrôle à l’aide de commandes de shell 353–354
copie de tâches entre 118
création 35–37
description 19, 29, 31
destinations. Voir destinations
destinations temporaires 116
enregistrement 125
envoi 25–26, 37, 120–121, 339
envoi à l’aide de commandes de shell 350–353
historique des. Voir fenêtre Historique
importation de fichiers multimédia sources dans
des 35, 79–83
noms 81
options de ligne de commande 350
ouverture de fichiers de lot 125
prévisualisation 304–309
quitter après la soumission 40
réglages. Voir réglages
renvoi 123, 124–125, 127
sélections 97
tâches. Voir tâches
tâches optionnelles 26–27
transcodage de différents éléments 131–132
visualisation de l’état 37
M
marqueurs
ajout de marqueurs de chapitre 320–322
ajouter à un plan de sortie 317
appellation 309
compression automatique 215
compression forcée 215
de montage/de coupe 308, 309, 318
formats qui les prennent en charge 317
images I 69
manipulation 309Index 363
marqueurs de chapitre 212, 215
MPEG-2 215
points d’entrée et de sortie 307
types 307, 317
marqueurs de chapitre 215, 224, 307, 309, 317
absence de prise en charge dans MPEG-1 183
affichage 309
ajout 320–322
ajout d’une image 321
ajout d’une URL 321
conservation 212, 224
création d’une liste au format Texte 322
définition 215
description 215
importer la liste des marqueurs 309, 321
indicateurs visuels 307
MPEG-1 183
URL 321
marqueurs de compression 212, 307, 309, 317, 318
automatique 215
forcée 215
marqueurs de podcast 317
définition 317
sortie H.264 163
mémoire allouée à Compressor 346
menu local
algorithme 266
aspect des pixels 292
cluster 338
conversion de fréquence 277
débit 227
de sélection de la fréquence
d’échantillonnage 228
désentrelacer 276
destination par défaut 41, 331
diffusion 240
élément 305
estimation d’animation 208, 222
filtre de redimensionnement 275
format vidéo 166, 200
GOP Structure 209, 222
itérations 265
marqueur 309
mode 205, 220
position 264
priorité de trame 203
profondeur 243
proportions 202
qualité 228
réglage par défaut 41
sortie 264
taille d’image 291
taille GOP 210, 222
type de compression 242
menu local Utilisation de flux 199
générique 212
métadonnées 212, 224
minutes de vidéo, DVD 204
mise à l’échelle des images 287, 291–293
mixage
audio 144, 154–156
spatial 154–156
mode Estimation d’animation 208
modèles
à propos des fichiers 47
configuration 45–47
enregistrer 46
gestion 46–47
lot 46
sélection 46
standard 45
modules 254
de tierce partie 346
mots de passe 331
MPEG-2 Blu-ray 199
MPEG-4 partie 10. Voir format H.264
musique 252
N
niveaux de voix 252
nœuds de service
activation/désactivation 350
configuration à l’aide de commandes de
shell 349–350
noms
d’utilisateur 331
des destinations 335
du réglage Cible sélectionnée 305
notification par courrier électronique
activation 67, 299
description 297
préférence 39
numéros d’images 175
numérotation des images fixes 175
O
onglet
attributs A/N 59, 87
Audio 141–144, 185
Bitstream 144
Compléments 211–216, 223, 224
Format vidéo 199–204, 217
Géométrie 294
GOP 209–211, 217, 222
informations complémentaires 60, 88
Prétraitement 145–146
Qualité 204–208, 217
Vidéo 184
onglet Destinations 44, 56, 326–327, 333–334
à propos de 326–327
onglet Informations supplémentaires364 Index
annotations 89
fichier de sous-titres codés 88
onglet Réglages 32, 44, 55, 94–98
à propos de 94–98
création de réglages 32
opacité du texte 267
option
Atténuation du son de 3 dB 146
Augmentation de phase de 90° 146
Autoriser la segmentation des travaux 63
Correction des mouvements 276
Démarrage rapide 240
Désaccentuation numérique 146
DVD 185
Enchaînement à indications 240
Exécuter AppleScript sur la sortie 298
Exportation QuickTime 216
Filtre CN 146
Filtre linéaire 275
Filtre passe-bas 146
Format 135, 245
IBBP 209, 213
IBP 209
Image clé toutes les 243
Inclure l’audio PCM 168
IP 209
Lancer automatiquement Batch Monitor 39
Motion adaptive 276
Moyenne des lignes 276
Notification par courrier électronique à 298
Pixel le plus proche 275
Prédiction statistique 275
Volume ouvert 328
Web 185
ouverture de fichiers de lot 125
P
paquets d’enchaînement 229
paramètres audio
AIFF 134–137
fichiers MPEG-2 207
fichiers MPEG-4 228, 228–233
QuickTime 135, 244–245
paramètres vidéo
fichiers MPEG-2 199–204, 218–219
fichiers MPEG-4 227–228, 230, 232
partage de préréglages 106
passthrough
filtres audio 268
multipiste 239
réglage 239
performances, écrans de veille 37, 121
pistes
activation de pistes audio ou vidéo 239
d’algorithme 226
d’indices 240
LFE 155
pixels carrés 292
plans
ajout d’images I 223
ajout de marqueurs 318–319
exportation 11
lecture 307
prévisualisation 310–315
suppression d’images I 319
surexposés 264
transcodage à partir de différents fichiers
multimédia 131–132
transcodage de sections de 315–316
plates-formes, lecture 14
podcasts 225
MPEG-4 227, 234–236
URL 321
utilisation du format Composants d’exportation
au format QuickTime 254
utilisation du format MP3 178
vidéo au format H.264 164
points d’entrée et de sortie 306, 307–308, 315–316
polices 267
préréglages
Voir destinations, droplets, réglages
prévisualisation des éléments
fichiers multimédia sources 310
plans 310–315
préréglages 257
réglages 33, 36, 44, 102–104
privilèges 325
d’accès 328
processus
MPEG-4 230–236
processus pulldown 3:2 204
profils
d’assistance 16
de support 346
ISMA 227
projets, Final Cut Pro 126
proportions
options MPEG-2 219
périphériques Apple 163
pixels 292
réglages 202, 294–295
valeurs par défaut 202
pulldown 2:3:2:3 204
Q
qualité
fichiers MPEG-2 219–222
prévisualisation de la sortie 303
réglages QuickTime 244
segmentation des travaux 64Index 365
QuickTime
encodeur 34
site web 17
quitter Compressor
définition de préférences 40
R
raccourcis
Voir aussi raccourcis clavier
flux de production 38
transcodage à l’aide de droplets 337–344
raccourcis clavier
Voir aussi raccourcis
contrôles généraux 74
fenêtre Preview 75, 323
RAM 346
redimensionnement d’images. Voir taille d’image
réduction de bruit adaptative 265
reference frames 211
réglages
actions de notification par courrier
électronique 299
activer les effets de basse fréquence 142
affectation 22–23, 35, 110–113
affectation à plusieurs groupes 106
affectation à plusieurs tâches 36
affectation de destinations. Voir destinations
ajout à l’onglet Réglages 95
anticrénelage 277
Apple 96
Audio Coding Mode 141
canal bande pass. compl. 146
codecs AIFF 136–137
codecs audio QuickTime 249–250
codecs de séquence d’images 175
codecs vidéo QuickTime 247–248
comparaison avec les destinations 93
composants d’exportation au format
QuickTime 256
compression standard pour films 145
contenu original 144
création 32–33, 35, 100–102
débit de données 143
de domaine DNS 41
définition de réglages par défaut 41
description 29, 30
de sous-réseau 41
destinations. Voir destinations
détails de technique Adaptive 277
distribution 106
Downmix du canal central, Downmix de
Surround 144
droplets 36, 154
duplication 95, 99–100
emplacement 106
envoi par courrier électronique 106
estimation d’animation 208
filtres 271–272
fréquences d’images 277
général, onglet Prétraitement 146
géométrie 290–295
groupes 94, 104
identificateurs de fichier 327
informations de production audio 144
mode BitStream 143
mode Dolby Surround 144
modification 114
MPEG-1 191
MPEG-2 217
niveau de détails 277
niveau de mixage des pics 144
nombre dans les groupes 105
nom de fichier de sortie 117
noms 96, 102
normalisation des dialogues 143
organisation 97
partage 106
personnalisation 33
préexistants 35, 38
préréglage de compression 145
prévisualisation 33, 36, 44, 102–104
prévisualisation des plans et 311–315
proportions 294–295
protégé par Copyright 144
réglages de rognage 294–295
régler la durée sur 278
remplacement dans une tâche 113
reverse Telecine 276
scripts AppleScript 299–300
sous-fenêtre Résumé 61
stockage 106
suppression 95, 104
taille d’image 275, 294–295
Target System 141
type de pièce 144
utilisation 93–106
valeur Description 105
vidéo DVD 141
réglages Apple
Voir aussi réglages
réglages audio
MP3 178
QuickTime 241
réglages automatiques 58
fichiers QuickTime non standard 91
réglages de stockage de travail
emplacements 326
options de cluster 40
réglages vidéo
QuickTime 241
remplissage366 Index
à propos de 289
réglages 293
rendu, processus de transcodage 126
renvoi de lots 123, 124–125, 127
renvoi de projets Final Cut Pro 127
réseaux
étendus 41
recherche de fichiers source 41
résolution 196
résolution des problèmes
défauts dans les fichiers de sortie 90
suppression de réglages 104
triangles d’avertissement de destination 332
resynchronisation d’images 65
rognage d’éléments
images 66, 294–295, 312
tailles d’images 201
S
saturation 264
scintillement, suppression 262
scripts AppleScript
actions 31
ajout aux réglages 297, 299–300
fichiers 300
segmentation des tâches
options H.264 166
options MPEG-2 198
options MPEG-4 227
options QuickTime 239
sortie Composant d’exportation au format
QuickTime 255
séquences
d’images 173
de référence QuickTime 90
exportation 11
séquences QuickTime
réglages audio 241
serveurs
de courrier 297
hôtes 331
QuickTime Streaming Server 229, 233
SIF (Standard Interface Format) 181
sites web
Apple 17, 18
AppleScripts 301, 347
Apple Store 18
assistance AppleCare 345, 346
assistance Compressor 17
Compressor 17, 345
Dolby Laboratories 156
FireWire 18
QuickTime 17
service et assistance Apple 17
son. Voir audio
son Surround
affectation de codes d’identificateur 83, 152
affectation manuelle de canaux 84, 149
audio stéréo 140
débits de données 143
description 139
lecture stéréo 156
mixage spatial 154–156
son Surround 5.1 83–86, 139, 140, 143, 149–154
soumission de lots 120–122
processus 25
sous-fenêtre
Actions 67, 99, 100, 298–300
Apple Qmaster 349
Audio 228–229, 231, 233
Diffusion 229, 231, 233
Géométrie 66–67, 98, 100, 290–295
Résumé 61, 98
Vidéo 227, 230, 232
sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’image
ajout automatique de réglages 279
ajout de réglages personnalisés 279
contrôles de resynchronisation 283
introduction 273
modification des réglages 99
présentation 65, 274
prévisualisation 274
télécinéma inverse 280
vue d’ensemble 278
sous-fenêtre Encodeur
Voir aussi les noms des sous-fenêtres Encodeur
spécifiques
AIFF 134
composants d’exportation au format
QuickTime 255
de séquence d’images 174–175
Dolby Digital Professional 140–146
modification des réglages 99
MPEG-1 183–186, 188
MPEG-2 198–215
MPEG-4 232
MPEG-4 Partie 2 226–230
présentation 62, 98
QuickTime 238–241
sous-fenêtre Filtres 65, 98, 100, 260–271
ajout aux réglages 271
sous-fenêtres Réglages
à propos des 61–67
sous-fenêtre Actions 67
sous-fenêtre Contrôles d’images 65
sous-fenêtre Encodeur 62
sous-fenêtre Filtres 65
sous-fenêtre Géométrie 66
sous-fenêtre Résumé 61
Standard Interface Format (SIF) 181
Structures IBBP 200Index 367
suppression d’éléments
destinations 327, 333
images I 319
marqueurs 309
noms de destinations 335
réglages 95, 104
suppression des bruits 265
synchronisation
(resynchronisation) 65
partielle 169
T
Tableau Résumé 339
tâches
Voir aussi lots
configuration 22
copie 118
description 19, 29, 31
destinations 115–116
enchaînement 119
importation de fichiers multimédia sources dans
des 79–83
lots 35
options de ligne de commande 350
Tagged Image File Format. Voir TIFF
taille
d’échantillonnage, son 252
de l’écran de prévisualisation 304
taille des cadres
MPEG-1 182
MPEG-2 314
taille des images
mise à l’échelle et 287, 291–293
réglages 275
rognage et 201, 290–291
TARGA (Truevision Advanced Raster Graphics
Adapter)
description 173
encodeur 15, 34
fichiers de sortie 173–176
téléchargement
de films 238, 240
préchargé en mémoire tampon (QuickTime) 238
télécinéma inverse
à propos de 280
cadence 281
problèmes de 282
téléphones
fréquences d’échantillonnage 252
qualité audio 246
terminologie 32
tête de lecture 307
texte, superposition 267
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
description 173
encodeur 15, 34
fichiers de sortie 173–176
timecode
contrôles d’entrée et de sortie 305
de départ 203
description 203
en temps réel 203
Non-Drop Frame 203
options MPEG-2 203, 219
tête de lecture 307
traitement distribué
choix de clusters 338
Final Cut Pro 127–130
réglages de stockage de travail 40
segmentation des tâches 198, 227, 239
segmentation des travaux 63–64
séquences de référence QuickTime 90
sortie H.264 166
stockage de clusters 326
trames
de cadre de source 66, 290
impaires 203, 262
inférieures 203, 262
paires 203, 262
prioritaire 203, 219
supérieures 203, 262
trames, sortie
types 203
transcodage
actions de post-transcodage 299–300
aperçu de réglages 33, 36
choix d’un format de sortie 34
composants typiques du 30–31
confirmation de la fin du 37
contrôles d’image 274–278
de lots. Voir lots
description 32
destinations 33
différents plans à partir d’un seul fichier
multimédia 131–132
droplets 337–344
économiseurs d’écran et 37, 121
fenêtres et flux de production Compressor 44
flux de production de base 29–38
formats de sortie 14
notifications par courrier électronique 297
options de post-transcodage 297–300
préparation de Compressor 32–33
projets Final Cut Pro 126–127
réglages 32–33
sections de fichiers multimédia 315–316
tâches facultatives 26–27
visualisation de l’état du 37
travaux
segmentation 63–64368 Index
V
valeurs de luminance 261
VBR (débit variable)
AAC et 225
options MPEG-2 205
segmentation des travaux 64
VBR (Variable Bit Rate - débit variable)
deux passes 206–208
paramètres 228
une passe 205
VCD
débits 185
sortie MPEG-1 181
Version Mac OS 346
vidéo
activation de pistes 239
à définition standard Voir vidéo SD
bruit 265
compression. Voir transcodage
désentrelacement 258–259
entrelacement 195, 258–259
haute définition. Voir vidéo HD
lecture en continu 195, 226
liste des filtres 261–268
minutes, sur DVD 204
non entrelacée 181
progressive 181, 195, 208
vidéo entrelacée
création 195, 258–259
vidéo HD
conversion 12, 196
disques DVD-5 171
options MPEG-2 196, 200, 205
redimensionnement d’image 65
source haute définition 196
vidéo progressive
animation 208
MPEG-1 181
MPEG-2 195
vidéo SD
conversion de vidéo HD 12, 196
dimension d’image 201
réglage des options MPEG-2 200
rognage de la sortie 291
volumes
iDisk 326
normalisation 143
partagés 328
vue
Sortie 103
Source 103
W
WAN (réseaux étendus) 41
web
diffusion en continu de fichiers multimédia 238
fréquences et tailles d’images 182
résolution 185
sortie MPEG-1 182, 187, 188–189
Z
zéros de début 175
zone
d’écran Preview 306
de surbalayage 290
sûres 290
zone de dialogue
à distance 330
Enregistrer 340
QuickTime Réglage d’exportation
d’indications 240
Réglages audio 135, 241, 244–250
Réglages audio QuickTime 134
Réglages de compression 242–244
Sélection de fichier 300
Pour afficher le manuel de
l’utilisateur, cliquez sur une
rubrique dans le volet latéral.
Sinon, cliquez sur un lien ci-dessous.
m Informations de dernière minute
m Instruments et effets
m Utilisation d’Apogee
MainStage
Manuel de
l’utilisateurK Apple Inc.
© 2007 Apple Inc. Tous droits réservés.
En vertu des lois sur le copyright, la reproduction de
tout ou partie de ce manuel sans le consentement écrit
d’Apple est interdite. Vos droits sur le logiciel sont régis
par le contrat de licence de logiciel qui l’accompagne.
Le logo Apple est une marque d’Apple Inc. déposée aux
États-Unis et dans d’autres pays. L’utilisation du logo
Apple du clavier (Option - 1) à des fins commerciales
sans le consentement écrit préalable d’Apple peut constituer une contrefaçon de marque ou un acte de concurrence déloyale et enfreindre les lois américaines.
Tous les efforts nécessaires ont été mis en œuvre pour
que les informations contenues dans ce manuel soient
les plus exactes possibles. Apple n’est pas responsable
des erreurs d’écriture et d’impression.
Remarque :Apple proposant régulièrement de nouvelles
versions et mises à jour de son logiciel système, de ses
applications et de ses sites Internet, les illustrations de ce
manuel peuvent être légèrement différentes de ce que
vous constatez à l’écran.
Apple Inc.
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014-2084
408-996-1010
www.apple.com
Apple, AppleScript, FireWire, Logic, Mac, Mac OS,
QuickTime, Apple, Apple Store et Jam Pack sont
des marques d’Apple Inc. déposées aux États-Unis
et dans d’autres pays.
Finder, GarageBand et MainStage sont des marques
d’Apple Inc.
Les autres noms de sociétés ou de produits mentionnés
ici sont des marques de leurs détenteurs respectifs.
La mention de produits tiers n’est effectuée qu’à des
fins informatives et ne constitue en aucun cas une
approbation ni une recommandation. Apple n’assume
aucune responsabilité vis-à-vis des performances ou
de l’utilisation de ces produits. 3
1 Table des matières
Chapitre 1 7 Introduction à MainStage
7 Qu’est-ce que MainStage ?
8 Utilisation de MainStage avec des contrôleurs MIDI
9 Utilisation de MainStage avec des guitares et autres instruments
9 Ajout de MainStage dans votre configuration musicale
11 Utilisation MainStage lors de représentation en direct
12 Ressources pour en savoir plus sur MainStage
12 Manuel de l’utilisateur à l’écran de MainStage
13 Sites web d’Apple
Chapitre 2 15 Configuration de votre système
15 Utilisation de matériels MIDI avec MainStage
16 Utilisation de matériels MIDI avec MainStage
17 Utilisation de modules d’effets avec MainStage
Chapitre 3 19 L’interface MainStage
19 La fenêtre MainStage
21 Mode Disposition
22 Mode Édition
23 Mode Exécution
24 Mode Plein écran
Chapitre 4 25 Premiers contacts avec MainStage
25 Avant de commencer
25 Choix d’un modèle de concert
27 Sélection et lecture de patchs
28 Ajout de patchs
29 Modification du nom d’un patch
29 Ajout d’une tranche de console à un patch
31 Modification d’un réglage de tranche de console
32 Apprentissage d’assignations de contrôleur
33 Mappage de contrôles d’écran à des paramètres
36 Familiarisation avec les modes Plein écran et Exécution
36 Personnalisation de la fenêtre MainStage4 Table des matières
Chapitre 5 41 Utilisation de concerts
41 Ouverture et fermeture de concerts
42 Enregistrement de concert
43 Conséquences de l’enregistrement sur les valeurs des paramètres
43 Utilisation du Tempo dans un concert MainStage
45 Désactivation du son de la sortie audio
46 Notes MIDI en muet
47 Manipulations par concert
Chapitre 6 53 Utilisation du mode Édition
53 Utilisation de patchs en mode Édition
57 Utilisation de tranches de console en mode Édition
68 Mappage de contrôles d’écran
70 Utilisation de sets en mode Édition
72 Manipulations par set
73 Substitution de mappages portant sur un concert ou un set entier
74 Partage de patchs et de sets entre concerts
Chapitre 7 77 Utilisation du mode Disposition
78 Changement de la résolution de grille
78 Modification de la disposition d’un concert
78 Utilisation des contrôles d’écran
88 Assignation de contrôles matériels à des contrôles d’écran
90 Modification des paramètres des contrôles d’écran
94 Transition de messages dans le canal MIDI Thru avec MainStage
94 Exportation d’une disposition
95 Importation d’une disposition
Chapitre 8 97 Représentation en direct avec MainStage
97 Avant de commencer à jouer
97 Utilisation des modes Plein écran et Exécution
99 Sélection de patchs pendant la représentation
100 Utilisation des contrôles d’écran pendant l’interprétation
101 Gestion des changements de tempo pendant l’interprétation
101 Utilisation de guitares et autres instruments
102 Utilisation du syntoniseur
103 Conseils pour la configuration complexe de matériel
Annexe A 105 Raccourcis clavier
105 Concerts et dispositions
105 Patchs et sets (mode Édition)
106 Édition
106 Actions
106 Mappage de paramètres(mode Édition)Table des matières 5
106 Tranches de console (mode Édition)
107 Contrôles d’écran (mode Disposition)
107 Fenêtre et présentation
107 Aide et assistance
Annexe B 109 Réglage des préférences MainStage
109 Préférences générales
110 Préférences Audio/MIDI
Index 1111
7
1 Introduction à MainStage
MainStage transforme votre ordinateur en puissant instrument
de musique personnalisable, optimisé pour l’utilisation en
représentation.
L’avènement d’ordinateurs portables puissants et rapides a permis aux musiciens de
les utiliser lors de performance en direct, leur ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles possibilités.
Désormais les musiciens exploitant l’informatique peuvent conserver toute une bibliothèque de sons sur leur ordinateur et les utiliser pour jouer en live. Mais ils ont surtout
besoin d’un moyen leur permettant d’accéder, d’organiser et de manipuler ces sons
alliant les avantages de la composition musicale assistée par ordinateur au contrôle
tactile et intuitif du matériel musical adapté.
Qu’est-ce que MainStage ?
MainStage est une nouvelle application conçue pour les représentations en live.
MainStage transforme votre ordinateur en un puissant instrument multiple et processeur d’effets exploitable sur scène. Si vous jouez du clavier, de la guitare, de tout autre
instrument ou que vous chantez, vous pouvez utiliser MainStage avec vos instruments,
micros et autres appareils musicaux lors de vos performances.
MainStage vous permet d’utiliser des instruments et des effets Logic Studio de qualité
professionnelle pendant vos représentations. Vous pouvez accéder aux instruments
et effets et les modifier à l’aide de l’interface déjà familière en tranches de console de
Logic. Si vous jouez du clavier MIDI ou USB, vous pouvez jouer et contrôler toute une
gamme d’instruments logiciels et notamment du piano, du clavier, du synthétiseur,
des cordes, des cuivres, des percussions, etc. Si vous jouez de la guitare ou d’un autre
instrument de musique, vous pouvez vous produire sur scène en utilisant des effets
issus de Logic Studio, notamment la simulation d’ampli de basse, de la réverbération,
de la compression ou de l’égalisation. Les chanteurs peuvent aussi utiliser des effets
sur leur voix ;il en va de même pour les instruments acoustiques joués dans un micro.8 Chapitre 1 Introduction à MainStage
MainStage est une interface simple et adaptable permettant d’organiser et d’accéder
aux sons inclus dans des concerts. Ces concerts sont des documents MainStage :
ils permettent de stocker tous les sons que vous comptez utiliser lors d’une représentation. Dans un concert MainStage, chaque son est stocké sous forme de patch contenant chacun des tranches de console audio ou d’instruments logiciels. Vous pouvez
ajouter des tranches de console, choisir leurs réglages, ajouter des instruments et des
effets et modifier leurs paramètres pour personnaliser vos sons. Vous pouvez même
mixer des tranches de console audio et d’instrument logiciel dans un même patch.
Chaque concert comprend une interface visuelle appelée Disposition avec des contrôles
permettant de modifier vos patchs en pleine représentation. Les dispositions disposent
de contrôles d’écran pouvant comprendre des claviers, des curseurs, des potentiomètres,
des boutons, des pédales, des pads de batterie et autres objets. Vous pouvez établir des
connexions entre les matériels MIDI et le concert en assignant des commandes matérielles aux contrôles d’écran dans l’espace de travail MainStage. Après avoir procédé aux assignations de contrôleur, vous devez mapper les contrôles d’écran à une tranche de
console et aux paramètres de module, terminant ainsi la connexion de façon à pouvoir
facilement accéder et manipuler les paramètres voulus pour chacun des patchs du concert. Vous pouvez aussi mapper des contrôles d’écran pour sélectionner des patchs et
avoir un retour visuel en temps réel sur les patchs, les paramètres et autres informations.
MainStage vous permet de créer rapidement et facilement des assignations de contrô-
leur et des mappages de paramètres pour accélérer votre travail. Vous pouvez personnaliser votre Disposition pour l’adapter à votre matériel MIDI et optimiser l’utilisation de
l’espace disponible à l’écran ou l’adapter à vos besoins particuliers.
Utilisation de MainStage avec des contrôleurs MIDI
Si vous jouez sur votre clavier contrôleur USB ou MIDI, vous pouvez lire et contrôler
des patchs MainStage à l’aide de votre contrôleur. Vous pouvez assigner des curseurs,
des ports, des boutons et autres commandes du clavier à des contrôles d’écran dans
votre concert puis les mapper à des paramètres de vos patchs. Vous pouvez choisir
exactement les paramètres que vous voulez pour avoir sous la main chacun des
patchs et y accéder à partir du contrôleur pendant la représentation.
MainStage prend en charge les claviers et autres matériels capables d’envoyer des
messages MIDI standard, notamment les pédales Sustain et expression et les interrupteurs à pied MIDI. Vous pouvez aussi utiliser MainStage avec d’autres contrôleurs
comme des guitares MIDI ou des contrôleurs à souffle.Chapitre 1 Introduction à MainStage 9
Utilisation de MainStage avec des guitares et autres
instruments
Si vous jouez de la guitare électrique ou d’un autre instrument de musique, MainStage
se comporte alors comme un puissant processeur d’effets configurable. Après avoir
branché votre instrument sur l’ordinateur à travers une interface audio, vous deves
sélectionner l’entrée audio de votre instrument dans les tranches de console audio
de vos patchs où vous pouvez ajouter des effets, notamment de la simulation d’ampli,
de l’égalisation, de la compression et de la réverbération. Vous pouvez alors contrôler
le volume, le mélange d’effets ou l’expression avec une pédale d’expression et utiliser
un interrupteur à pied pour sélectionner les patchs.
Les chanteurs et les musiciens jouant d’un instrument acoustique peuvent utiliser
MainStage de la même façon, en raccordant l’entrée audio de leur micro sur les tranches
de console de leurs patchs. Vous pouvez utiliser MainStage avec des périphériques audio
compatibles Core Audio, comme des interfaces audio, pour l’entrée d’instruments et
de micros, et la sortie sur des haut-parleurs, des moniteurs, une table de mixage ou
un système de sonorisation.
Ajout de MainStage dans votre configuration musicale
Si vous jouez du clavier MIDI, de la guitare, que vous chantez ou que vous jouez d’un
autre instrument, vous pouvez ajouter MainStage à votre équipement en suivant les
étapes suivantes :
 personnalisez la configuration de vos sons et de vos effets ;
 organisez vos patchs dans votre concert ;
 personnalisez votre disposition ;
 réalisez les connexions entre MainStage et votre matériel musical.
Pour faciliter la configuration, MainStage divise ses tâches en deux groupes avec des
modes distincts pour chaque groupe de tâches. Vous pouvez personnaliser et organiser
vos patchs en mode Édition, personnaliser votre disposition et établir des connexions
avec votre matériel en mode Disposition. Cette répartition a l’avantage de séparer des
tâches que vous n’exécutez normalement qu’une seule fois, comme la configuration de la
disposition (tâches du mode Disposition), de celles que vous risquez de répéter plus souvent, comme la modification de sons (tâches du mode Édition).10 Chapitre 1 Introduction à MainStage
Mode Édition :utilisation de sons
Vous pouvez modifier et organiser les patchs en mode Édition. Ils sont alors « en direct »
ce qui vous permet d’écouter instantanément le résultat de vos modifications.Vous pouvez
sélectionner et lire des patchs, choisir des réglages et modifier des paramètres de tranche
de console.Vous avez la possibilité de définir rapidement des plages de notes pour les
tranches de console afin de créer des couches et des scissions de clavier, des expressions
de gamme et autres paramètres à l’aide de transformations, et en filtrant les messages
MIDI entrants.
MainStage comprend de nombreux modèles de concerts adaptés à différents instruments
de musique,styles et usages.Vous pouvez utiliser un modèle de concert en tant que
« multi-instrument » prêt à l’emploi ou comme point de départ pour créer votre propre
concert personnalisé.
Lorsque vous ouvrez un concert en mode Édition, ses patchs apparaissent dans la Liste
de patchs où vous pouvez les sélectionner et lancer la lecture. Vous pouvez modifier
des paramètres de patch, ajouter des tranches de console aux patchs existants ou en
créer de nouveaux et réorganiser des patchs pour construire une collection de sons
personnalisés à utiliser en représentation.
Vous pouvez aussi organiser les patchs en sets pour une plus grande flexibilité. Les sets
sont des dossiers pouvant accueillir des groupes de patchs que vous voulez associer, ce qui
peut s’avérer utile. Par exemple, vous pouvez stocker tous vos patchs de synthé préférés
dans un set ou plusieurs patchs que vous avez l’intention d’utiliser dans un seul et même
morceau pour pouvoir facilement les sélectionner lors de la représentation.
Le mode Édition vous permet de mapper des contrôles d’écran à des paramètres de
tranche de console. Vous pouvez mapper n’importe quel paramètre à modifier pour
chaque patch à un contrôle d’écran afin de le manipuler facilement à partir de votre
matériel lorsque vous êtes en représentation. Vous pouvez également mapper des
contrôles d’écran à des actions spécifiques de MainStage, comme la sélection du
patch suivant que vous voulez lire.Chapitre 1 Introduction à MainStage 11
Mode Disposition :connexion avec votre équipement
Chaque concert comprend une disposition dont le but est de représenter vos contrô-
les matériels à l’écran. En mode Disposition, vous pouvez organiser les contrôles d’écran
dans l’espace de travail MainStage et établir la connexion entre MainStage et votre
matériel musical.
En mode Disposition, vous pouvez connecter vos matériels MIDI aux contrôles d’écran de
votre concert MainStage en assignant des commandes matérielles comme les potentiomètres, les curseurs, les pédales et les pads de batterie aux contrôles d’écran correspondants. MainStage propose une large gamme de contrôles d’écran, dont des claviers, des
potentiomètres, des curseurs, des interrupteurs, des molettes de modulation et de hauteur (pitch bend), des pédaliers et des pads de batterie. Des contrôles d’écran sont également fournis pour afficher du texte et des images et un sélecteur de patch que vous
pouvez utiliser pour visualiser et sélectionner des patchs pendant l’exécution sur scène.
Vous pouvez déplacer ou redimensionner les contrôles d’écran et personnaliser la repré-
sentation visuelle des paramètres et autres informations.Vous n’avez à effectuer les assignations matérielles qu’une fois pour tout le concert, ce qui réduit considérablement le
travail de connexion du matériel à l’ordinateur.
Utilisation MainStage lors de représentation en direct
Lorsque vous avez créé et organisé vos sons, personnalisé votre disposition et effectué
les assignations matérielles, vous êtes prêt à vous produire. Lors de la représentation
en direct, vous pouvez utiliser un ordinateur comme module de son et boîte d’effets
finals. Vous avez la possibilité de sélectionner un patch et de le lire instantanément.
MainStage passe d’un patch à l’autre sans coupure et peut tenir des notes du patch
précédent tout en commençant à jouer celui qui vient d’être sélectionné. La représentation de vos patchs se fait en temps réel, incluant notamment le nom, la valeur des
paramètres et les niveaux de sortie audio. Vous avez également la possibilité de régler
des effets portant sur tout le concert et contrôler d’autres réglages de même portée.
MainStage propose deux modes pour la représentation en direct :le mode Plein écran et
le mode Exécution. En mode Plein écran, l’espace de travail occupe tout l’écran, optimisant
ainsi l’espace disponible pour la disposition de l’écran. En mode Exécution, l’espace de travail occupe toute la fenêtre MainStage mais vous permet encore l’accès au Finder et autres
applications.Vous pouvez utiliser l’un ou l’autre suivant votre préférence.
Vous pouvez utiliser MainStage avec plusieurs contrôleurs MIDI, micros, instruments et
autres équipements de musique. Pour les effets temporels, comme la réverbération ou
le retard, vous avez la possibilité d’utiliser un tempo prédéfini, d’utiliser l’entrée MIDI
pour les changements de tempo ou de taper le tempo lors de la représentation.12 Chapitre 1 Introduction à MainStage
Ressources pour en savoir plus sur MainStage
Ce manuel décrit l’interface, les commandes et les menus de MainStage et vous propose un guide pas à pas pour créer des concerts MainStage et réaliser des tâches plus
spécifiques. Vous y trouverez également des informations pour la configuration de
votre système. Il a été conçu pour vous fournir les informations dont vous avez besoin
pour mettre rapidement à profit l’interface intuitive et les puissantes fonctionnalités
de MainStage.
Si vous voulez commencer par savoir comment installer votre matériel audio et MIDI
pour l’utiliser avec MainStage, lisez chapitre 2, « Configuration de votre système » à la
page 15. Si vous voulez en savoir plus sur les fonctionnalités et les commandes de
l’interface MainStage, reportez-vous au chapitre 3, « L’interface MainStage » à la
page 19. Si vous voulez faire le grand saut et commencer tout de suite à utiliser l’application, passez directement au chapitre 4, « Premiers contacts avec MainStage » à la
page 25. Si vous voulez en savoir plus sur l’utilisation de MainStage en représentation,
consultez le chapitre 8, « Représentation en direct avec MainStage » à la page 97.
En plus de ce manuel, MainStage vous propose d’autres sources d’assistance.
Manuel de l’utilisateur à l’écran de MainStage
Le Manuel de l’utilisateur à l’écran de MainStage vous permet d’accéder aux informations
directement pendant que vous travaillez dans MainStage. Pour visualiser ces informations,
choisissez Aide > Manuel de l’utilisateur de MainStage. Le Manuel de l’utilisateur à l’écran
de MainStage est une version du Manuel de l’utilisateur de MainStage incluant des liens et
des fonctionnalités vous permettant de retrouver facilement et rapidement les informations que vous cherchez.
 La page d’accueil vous permet d’accéder rapidement à différentes fonctionnalités,
comme les Informations de dernière minute et le manuel Instruments et effets Logic Studio.
 Une liste exhaustive de signets vous permet de choisir rapidement ce que vous voulez
consulter et la rubrique voulue s’ouvre en un clic.
En plus des outils de navigation, le Manuel de l’utilisateur à l’écran de MainStage vous
propose d’autres moyens de retrouver rapidement les informations :
 Toutes les références croisées du texte font l’objet de liens. Vous pouvez cliquer sur
n’importe quelle référence pour y accéder directement. Vous pouvez ensuite utiliser
le bouton Retour pour revenir où vous étiez avant de consulter la référence.
 La table des matières et l’index fonctionnent aussi avec des liens. Si vous cliquez
sur une entrée de ces sections, vous vous retrouvez directement à la rubrique correspondante du manuel.
 Vous pouvez également utiliser la zone de dialogue Rechercher pour trouver
des mots ou une expression spécifique dans le texte.Chapitre 1 Introduction à MainStage 13
Sites web d’Apple
Il existe plusieurs sites web d’Apple sur lesquels vous trouverez des informations
complémentaires.
Site web Logic Studio
Pour des informations d’ordre général et les dernières mises à jour Logic Studio,
notamment MainStage, consultez :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/logicstudio
Site web de service et d’assistance Apple
Pour les mises à jour logicielles et trouver des réponses aux questions les plus
fréquentes sur les produits Apple, consultez :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/support
Vous aurez également accès aux spécifications des produits, à la documentation
de référence et aux articles techniques sur les produits Apple et tiers.
Autres sites web d’Apple
Commencez par la page d’accueil Apple pour trouver les dernières informations
les plus fiables sur les produits Apple :
 http://www.apple.com/fr
QuickTime est une technologie standard reconnue dans l’industrie, permettant
de traiter de la vidéo, du son, de l’animation, de l’image, du texte, de la musique et
des scènes de réalité virtuelle à 360 degrés (VR). QuickTime propose un haut niveau
de performances, de compatibilité et de qualité en termes de vidéo numérique.
Visitez le site web QuickTime pour en savoir plus sur les types de supports pris en
charge, suivre une visite guidée de l’interface et des spécifications de QuickTime, etc. :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/quicktime
FireWire est une des normes de périphérique les plus rapides développées à ce jour,
d’une grande utilité pour les périphériques multimédia comme les caméscopes vidéo
et les derniers disques dur à haut débit. Consultez ce site web pour en savoir plus sur
la technologie FireWire et les produits FireWire tiers disponibles (en anglais) :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/firewire
Pour en savoir plus sur les séminaires, les événements et les utilitaires tiers utilisés
dans la publication, la conception web, l’impression, la musique et l’audio, les films,
l’imagerie numérique et les arts multimédia, consultez :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/pro14 Chapitre 1 Introduction à MainStage
Pour consulter des ressources, des récits et des informations sur les projets développés
grâce aux logiciels Apple en milieu éducatif, consultez :
 http://www.apple.com/fr/education
Rendez-vous dans l’Apple Store pour acheter des logiciels, du matériel ou des accessoires
directement d’Apple et découvrir des promotions et offres spéciales sur des produits logiciels et matériels tiers :
 http://www.apple.com/francestore2
15
2 Configuration de votre système
Vous pouvez utiliser MainStage avec un large éventail de
contrôleurs MIDI et d’appareils audio compatibles Core Audio.
La génération et le traitement en temps réel de l’audio numérique requièrent une
puissance de traitement importante de la part de votre ordinateur. Si vous envisagez
de travailler sur des projets volumineux ou complexes, vous pouvez améliorer votre
productivité en dotant votre ordinateur d’un processeur plus rapide et de mémoire
RAM supplémentaire. De la RAM supplémentaire est particulièrement utile lorsque
l’on a recours à un grand nombre de modules d’effets et à des instruments logiciels
s’appuyant sur des échantillons. Nous vous recommandons de ne pas exécuter d’autres
applications mettant à rude épreuve le processeur ou la mémoire en même temps que
MainStage, particulièrement si vous jouez en direct.
Utilisation de matériels MIDI avec MainStage
MainStage fonctionne avec de nombreux claviers contrôleurs USB et MIDI et autres
périphériques MIDI tels que des pédales et des interrupteurs au pied. Pour que les
périphériques MIDI fonctionnent avec MainStage, ils doivent pouvoir envoyer des
messages de contrôle MIDI standard. MainStage reçoit les messages MIDI standard
mais n’est pas capable d’en envoyer, et n’est pas conçu pour piloter des appareils MIDI
externes. Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation de matériels MIDI, consultez le chapitre
« Configuration de votre système » dans le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Logic Pro 8.
Utilisation de périphériques MIDI envoyant des types de message
MIDI particuliers
Certains types de contrôles matériels, tels que des potentiomètres (contrôles rotatifs)
et des boutons, peuvent envoyer des messages MIDI de plusieurs types. Lorsque vous
assignez ces contrôles aux contrôles d’écran MainStage à l’aide du processus Apprendre,
MainStage analyse les données MIDI entrantes afin de déterminer le type de message
envoyé par le contrôle matériel. Pour que MainStage puisse assimiler ces contrôles correctement, veillez à tourner les potentiomètres sur toute leur course et à appuyer exactement
trois fois sur les boutons pendant le processus d’apprentissage.16 Chapitre 2 Configuration de votre système
Certains contrôleurs MIDI peuvent envoyer des messages MIDI non standard ou des
messages en format propriétaire. MainStage ne peut ni traiter ni répondre aux messages
MIDI non standard, aux messages de paramètres « enregistrés » ou « non enregistrés »
et aux messages System Exclusive (SysEx).
Certains matériels présentent des boutons qui envoient des messages de changement
de programme. Vous pouvez utiliser ces boutons pour envoyer des messages de changement de programme à MainStage mais vous ne pouvez pas les assigner pour contrôler
d’autres paramètres à l’aide des contrôles d’écran de MainStage.
Sélection d’un préréglage de contrôleur
Certains contrôleurs de clavier permettent de choisir divers préréglages ou « scènes »
qui reconfigurent les messages envoyés par les contrôles de l’appareil. Dans la plupart
des cas, choisissez un préréglage générique qui envoie des messages MIDI standard
plutôt que des messages System Exclusive ou des messages destinés à une application
en particulier. Après avoir assigné des commandes matérielles à des contrôles d’écran
dans MainStage, ne modifiez pas le préréglage de l’appareil MIDI sous peine de perdre
vos assignations.
Dans certains cas, il est possible de modifier le type de message que le contrôleur envoie
en choisissant un autre préréglage ou en reprogrammant le matériel. Certains appareils
intègrent des logiciels utilisables pour reprogrammer potentiomètres, boutons et autres
contrôles. Pour en savoir plus sur la reprogrammation d’un matériel MIDI, reportez-vous
à la documentation l’accompagnant.
Utilisation de matériels MIDI avec MainStage
MainStage fonctionne avec les matériels audio compatibles Core Audio, dont les interfaces audio FireWire, USB et PCI. Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation de matériels audio,
consultez le chapitre « Configuration de votre système » du Manuel de l’utilisateur de
Logic Pro 8.
MainStage peut nécessiter une grande quantité de mémoire RAM, particulièrement avec
les instruments logiciels s’appuyant sur des échantillons. Avant toute représentation en
direct avec MainStage, il est recommandé de tester votre système et les concerts que
vous envisagez d’utiliser afin de vous assurer que la mémoire dont vous disposez est
suffisante pour jouer les patchs et passer de l’un à l’autre sans provoquer de pertes du
signal audio ou de distorsion. Contrairement à Logic Pro 8, MainStage permet de choisir
plusieurs gestionnaires d’entrée et de sortie audio. Pour en savoir plus sur la sélection
de gestionnaires audio, consultez « Réglage des préférences MainStage » à la page 109.Chapitre 2 Configuration de votre système 17
Utilisation de modules d’effets avec MainStage
Vous pouvez utiliser un grand nombre des modules d’effets de Logic Studio dans
les tranches de console MainStage. Certains modules Logic Studio, dont les modules
Surround et ceux entraînant une latence notable, ne sont pas disponibles dans MainStage.
Pour en savoir plus sur les modules d’effets inclus, reportez-vous au manuel Instruments
et effets Logic Studio.Vous pouvez aussi utiliser des effets Audio Units Apple et de tierce
partie dans les tranches de console MainStage de la même façon que dans les tranches
de console Logic Pro 8.
Certains modules Audio Units peuvent entraîner un effet de latence. L’utilisation
d’effets générant de la latence, tels que les compresseurs et les limiters, peut produire
des résultats indésirables ou imprévisibles sur scène.3
19
3 L’interface MainStage
Dans MainStage, vous ne travaillez que dans une seule
fenêtre :celle de MainStage.
La fenêtre MainStage est organisée de façon à faciliter l’utilisation de vos patchs et
votre disposition lorsque vous modifiez vos concerts. L’espace de travail occupe le centre de la fenêtre, les inspecteurs et autres zones de modification se trouvant sur les
côtés gauche et droite. Au moment de la performance en direct, deux modes adaptés
à la représentation vous sont proposés pour optimiser la disposition de l’écran et vous
faciliter la visualisation sur scène.
La fenêtre MainStage
Certaines fonctionnalités de l’interface MainStage sont communes à tous les modes
alors que d’autres ne sont disponibles que dans certains.
Moniteur d’activité
Inspecteur
Barre d’outils
Espace de
travail avec
contrôles
d’écran20 Chapitre 3 L’interface MainStage
Parmi les fonctionnalités principales de MainStage, on trouve :
 La barre d’outils : comprend des boutons pour les commandes et les outils courants.
Vous pouvez la personnaliser pour rendre plus accessibles les commandes que vous
utilisez le plus souvent.
 Le moniteur d’activité :indique l’utilisation du processeur et de la mémoire de votre
ordinateur ainsi que les données entrantes des matériels MIDI pendant l’édition et la
représentation.
 L’espace de travail :c’est le « canevas » à partir duquel vous pouvez personnaliser la
disposition de l’écran, assigner des commandes matérielles et visualiser vos concerts.
 Les contrôles d’écran :objets à l’écran qui correspondent aux commandes de vos
matériels. Vous pouvez ajouter ou modifier des contrôles d’écran dans l’espace de
travail, assigner des commandes matérielles aux contrôles d’écran puis les mapper
à des paramètres à contrôler pour chacun des patchs de votre concert.
 Les tranches de console : c’est dans ces tranches de console que vous construisez
et personnalisez vos sons. Les tranches de console de MainStage sont similaires à
celles de Logic Pro 8, prévoyant des Insertions, des Envois, des menus E/S ainsi que
des VU-mètres, des curseurs, des potentiomètres de balance et autres commandes.
 Les inspecteurs : les inspecteurs apparaissent sur la gauche de la fenêtre MainStage
lorsque vous sélectionnez des éléments à l’écran. Il en existe plusieurs proposés dans
les différents modes. Ils vous permettent de modifier des paramètres et des attributs
pour les patchs, les sets, les contrôles d’écran, les tranches de console, le concert et
la disposition.
Pour faciliter son utilisation, MainStage propose quatre modes, chacun étant adapté
à une tâche distincte. Vous pouvez écouter, modifier et organiser des sons ainsi que
mapper des contrôles d’écran en mode Édition. La personnalisation de l’agencement
de vos contrôles d’écran et les assignations des contrôleurs se font en mode Présentation. Les modes Exécution et Plein écran servent, quant à eux, à la représentation
sur scène.Chapitre 3 L’interface MainStage 21
Mode Disposition
En mode Disposition, vous pouvez personnaliser la disposition de l’écran et établir des
liens entre le matériel MIDI et les contrôles d’écran dans votre concert. Vous pouvez
faire glisser des contrôles d’écran dans l’espace de travail et les réorganiser à l’écran
pour personnaliser la disposition, puis procéder à des assignations de contrôleur entre
le matériel MIDI et les contrôles d’écran.
Dans l’inspecteur de disposition, vous pouvez modifier les paramètres de disposition
pour personnaliser les assignations de matériel et modifier l’apparence des
contrôles d’écran.
 L’inspecteur de disposition :visualisez et modifiez les paramètres des contrôles d’écran
dans l’espace de travail, et notamment les paramètres d’assignation de matériel
et d’apparence.
 Les palettes de contrôles de panneau et de tablette :faites glisser des contrôles d’écran
d’une de ces palettes dans l’espace de travail pour les ajouter à la disposition de
l’écran. Les contrôles de panneau sont entourés par un panneau plat dans l’espace
de travail alors que les contrôles de tablette s’affichent sur une tablette ajustable en
3D.
En mode Disposition, contrairement aux autres modes de MainStage, vous pouvez
sélectionner ou modifier des patchs individuellement. Vous pouvez lire et écouter
le dernier patch sélectionné lorsque vous travaillez en mode Disposition.
Inspecteur de disposition
Palette de contrôles
de panneau
Palette de contrôles
de tablette22 Chapitre 3 L’interface MainStage
Mode Édition
C’est dans le mode Édition que vous créez, personnalisez et organisez vos sons.
Vous pouvez ajouter des patchs, ajouter et modifier des tranches de console, créer des
couches et des scissions de clavier et modifier des paramètres de tranches de console.
C’est aussi dans ce mode que vous pouvez sélectionner et mapper des contrôles
d’écran à des paramètres de tranches de console et des actions, et que vous pouvez
modifier des patchs, des sets et des paramètres portant sur l’intégralité du concert.
 Liste de patchs:affiche les patchs et les sets du concert.Vous pouvez ajouter des patchs
et des sets à la Liste de patchs, puis les renommer, les sélectionner et les réorganiser.
Cette liste comprend un menu Action où vous pouvez créer des patchs et des sets,
réinitialiser les numéros de changement de programme, passer des éléments et
importer et exporter des patchs et des sets pour les utiliser dans d’autres concerts.
 Inspecteurs de concert, de jeu, de sons, de tranche de console et de contrôle
d’écran :visualisez et modifiez les paramètres de l’élément sélectionné.
Le nom de l’inspecteur change pour refléter le type d’élément sélectionné.
 Navigateur Réglages de tranche de piste (s’affiche lorsqu’une tranche de console
est sélectionnée) :choisissez un réglage pour la tranche de console sélectionnée.
Vous pouvez rechercher des réglages par nom, choisir les réglages à afficher
et définir le réglage de tranche de console par défaut des nouvelles tranches
de console.
Liste de patchs
Inspecteur de
contrôle d’écran
(évolue en fonction
de la sélection)
Navigateur de mappage
de paramètres
Zone Tranches
de consoleChapitre 3 L’interface MainStage 23
 Navigateur Mappage de paramètres (s’affiche lorsqu’un contrôle d’écran est
sélectionné) :choisissez des paramètres et des actions de tranche de console
à mapper au contrôle d’écran sélectionné dans l’espace de travail.
 Zone Tranches de console :visualisez et modifiez les tranches de console dans vos
patchs ou portant sur l’intégralité du concert ou du set. Les tranches de console
s’affichent dans un format vertical similaire aux tranches de console de Logic Pro 8,
avec sensiblement les mêmes commandes. Vous pouvez aussi ajouter des tranches
de console et enregistrer des réglages de tranches de console.
Les deux modes restants, le mode Exécution et le mode Plein écran,sont tous les deux
optimisés pour un usage sur scène. Vous pouvez utiliser l’un ou l’autre en représentation.
Mode Exécution
En mode Exécution, l’espace de travail occupe toute la fenêtre MainStage. La barre
d’outils est visible de façon à passer d’un mode à l’autre à l’aide des boutons Mode,
à utiliser les boutons Panique et Silence Master et à visualiser les niveaux d’utilisation
du processeur et de la mémoire, ainsi que des entrées MIDI dans le moniteur d’activité.
Les navigateurs et les inspecteurs sont cachés pour optimiser l’espace de travail,
ce qui permet des contrôles d’écran plus grands et plus faciles à lire lorsque vous
êtes sur scène. Vous pouvez toujours accéder au Finder et activer d’autres applications
en mode Exécution.24 Chapitre 3 L’interface MainStage
Mode Plein écran
En mode Plein écran, l’espace de travail occupe tout l’affichage de l’ordinateur,
les contrôles d’écran sont donc aussi grands que possible pour une meilleure lisibilité.
Le mode Plein écran optimise l’affichage en représentation lorsque vous ne voulez
utiliser que MainStage pendant que vous jouez.4
25
4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage
Vous pouvez rapidement commencer à travailler dans
MainStage en choisissant un modèle de concert et en
testant les patchs qui y sont inclus. Ce chapitre se veut un
« tour d’horizon » guidé que vous pouvez suivre lorsque
vous lancez MainStage pour la première fois.
Avant de commencer
Avant de commencer à travailler dans MainStage, nous vous recommandons de brancher
le matériel, par exemple un clavier contrôleur, une interface audio, des instruments ou des
micros, que vous avez l’intention d’utiliser sur votre ordinateur. Pour utiliser des claviers
contrôleurs et autres appareils MIDI avec MainStage, ils doivent être en mesure d’envoyer
des messages MIDI standard. Si vous ne savez pas exactement si c’est le cas, consultez le
manuel ou le site Internet du produit. Pour en savoir plus, consultez « Configuration de
votre système » à la page 15.
Choix d’un modèle de concert
MainStage comprend des modèles de différents styles, pour différents usages et instruments de musique. Vous pouvez choisir un modèle de concert dans la zone de dialogue
Sélectionner le modèle qui apparaît lorsque vous ouvrez MainStage pour la première fois
ou à chaque création de concert.26 Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage
Pour choisir un modèle de concert :
1 Choisissez Fichier > Nouveau concert (ou appuyez sur Commande + N).
La zone de dialogue Sélectionner le modèle apparaît alors. Sur la gauche se trouve la
liste Collection reprenant des collections pour différents types d’instruments. Sur la
droite, la liste Modèle indique les modèles disponibles pour la collection sélectionnée.
2 Cliquez sur une collection de la liste du même nom pour voir les modèles qu’elle contient.
3 Cliquez sur un modèle de concert dans la liste du même nom pour créer un concert
à partir de ce modèle.
Le nouveau concert s’ouvre alors en mode Édition. L’espace de travail apparaît au centre
de la fenêtre MainStage et affiche les contrôles d’écran dans le concert. À gauche de
l’espace de travail se trouve la Liste de patchs qui indique les patchs et les sets du concert. Les tranches de console du patch sélectionné s’affichent dans la zone Tranches de
console,sur la droite de l’espace de travail.
Lorsque vous ouvrez un concert pour la première fois, le patch le plus haut est sélectionné. Vous pouvez ainsi commencer à jouer immédiatement à l’aide d’un clavier
contrôleur (si le patch a une tranche de console d’instrument logiciel), d’un instrument
ou d’un micro connecté à votre ordinateur (si le patch dispose d’une tranche de
console audio). Lorsque vous rouvrez un concert enregistré, c’est le patch choisi
au moment de la fermeture qui est à nouveau sélectionné.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’ouverture, l’édition et l’enregistrement de concerts, consultez
« Utilisation de concerts » à la page 41.
Choisissez une collection
dans la colonne pour
visualiser les modèles
disponibles.
Choisissez un modèle pour
un nouveau concert dans
cette colonne.Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage 27
Sélection et lecture de patchs
Les patchs d’un concert apparaissent dans la Liste de patchs du côté gauche de la
fenêtre MainStage. Vous pouvez test rapidement des patchs pour savoir ceux que
vous pouvez utiliser.
Si vous utilisez un contrôleur MIDI, vous pouvez lire des patchs avec des tranches de
console d’instrument logiciel à l’aide de votre contrôleur. Si vous jouez de la guitare
électrique ou tout autre instrument, ou que vous utilisez un micro branché sur une
interface audio, vous pouvez jouer ou chanter à l’aide des patchs possédant une
tranche de console. Avant de lire une tranche de console audio, vérifiez qu’elle est
bien configurée pour recevoir une entrée à travers le canal (ou à travers la paire
stéréo de canaux) auquel est branché l’instrument ou le micro.
Pour sélectionner un patch :
1 Dans la Liste de patchs située à gauche de l’espace de travail, cliquez sur le patch.
2 Lorsque le patch est sélectionné, vous pouvez lancer la lecture immédiatement.
Vous pouvez aussi sélectionner des patchs dans la Liste de patchs à l’aide du clavier.
Pour cela :
m Appuyez sur la Flèche vers le bas pour sélectionner le patch suivant (celui en dessous)
dans la liste.
m Appuyez sur la Flèche vers le haut pour sélectionner le précédent (celui au-dessus).
Lorsque le patch est sélectionné, changez certaines commandes du contrôleur MIDI
pour vérifiez que les contrôles d’écran répondent aux commandes dans l’espace de
travail. Certains contrôles, et notamment la pédale Sustain, la molette de modulation/
pitch bend et le clavier, répondent aux messages MIDI correspondants sans avoir à les
assigner ou les mapper.
Cliquez sur un patch de la Liste
de patchs pour le sélectionner
et commencez la lecture.28 Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage
Sélectionnez et lisez d’autres patchs dans le concert pour trouver des sons que vous
voulez interpréter ou utiliser comme point de départ pour la création de patchs personnalisés. Vous pouvez aussi ajouter de nouveaux patchs et modifier le réglage de
leurs tranches de console pour créer des sons uniques et personnels.
Ajout de patchs
Vous pouvez ajouter des patchs à un concert et les organiser dans la Liste de patchs.
Le nombre de patchs n’est limité que par la mémoire disponible de votre système.
Lorsque vous ajoutez un patch à un concert, vous devez choisir s’il est créé avec une
tranche de console audio ou d’instrument logiciel.
Pour ajouter un nouveau patch :
1 Cliquez sur le bouton d’ajout d’un patch (+), situé dans le coin supérieur droit de la
Liste de patchs.
La zone de dialogue « Nouvelle tranche de console » s’affiche en haut de la fenêtre.
2 Sélectionnez le type de tranche de console pour le patch.
Si vous voulez lire le patch en utilisant le clavier contrôleur, cliquez sur le bouton
Instrument logiciel. Si vous voulez que le patch reçoive une entrée audio à partir
d’un instrument ou d’un micro, cliquez sur le bouton Audio.
3 Choisissez la sortie audio de la tranche de console dans le menu local Sortie.
4 Pour les tranches de console, choisissez Mono ou Stéréo dans le menu local Format,
et l’entrée audio dans le menu local Entrée.
Important :les tranches de console audio peuvent générer un retour sonore, plus particulièrement si vous utilisez un micro en entrée audio. Lorsque vous ajoutez une tranche
de console audio,son volume est coupé par défaut. Pour éliminer rapidement ce retour
a posteriori, vous pouvez cliquer sur le bouton Muet de la tranche de console ou appuyer
sur Contrôle + M pour activer Silence Master.
5 Cliquez sur Créer.
Un nouveau patch apparaît dans la Liste de patchs, et la tranche de console correspondante s’affiche dans la zone Tranches de console.
6 Pour les tranches de console, augmentez progressivement le curseur de volume jusqu’à
entendre le son sur le canal.
Cliquez sur le bouton
du type de tranche de
console que vous voulez
utiliser dans le patch.Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage 29
Modification du nom d’un patch
Lorsque vous ajoutez un patch, par défaut, il prend le nom de la tranche de console
que vous lui ajoutez. Vous pouvez rapidement renommer des patchs afin de mieux
les différencier.
Pour renommer un patch :
1 Double-cliquez sur le patch dans la Liste de patchs.
Un champ apparaît autour du nom du patch sélectionné.
2 Saisissez un autre nom dans le champ du nom du patch.
Pour en savoir plus sur la modification et l’organisation de patchs, consultez
« Utilisation de patchs en mode Édition » à la page 53.
Ajout d’une tranche de console à un patch
Vous pouvez ajouter des tranches de console à un patch pour créer des sons en couches
et des scissions de clavier. Pour cela, vous devez choisir entre une tranche de console
audio ou d’instrument logiciel. Vous pouvez mélanger les deux types dans un seul patch.
Pour ajouter une tranche de console à un patch :
1 Vérifiez que le patch est sélectionné dans la Liste de patchs.
2 Cliquez sur le bouton « Ajouter une tranche de console » (+) dans le coin supérieur
droit de la zone Tranches de console.
La zone de dialogue « Nouvelle tranche de console » apparaît alors. Choisissez les réglages
comme vous le feriez lors de l’ajout d’un patch.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue « Nouvelle tranche de console », sélectionnez le type de
bande à créer.
4 Choisissez la sortie audio de la tranche de console dans le menu local Sortie.
Double-cliquez sur le nom du
patch puis saisissez un autre nom.30 Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage
5 Pour les tranches de console, choisissez Mono ou Stéréo dans le menu local Format,
et l’entrée audio dans le menu local Entrée.
6 Cliquez sur Créer.
Une nouvelle tranche de console apparaît en surbrillance bleue dans la zone Tranches
de console pour indiquer qu’elle est sélectionnée. Le navigateur « Réglages de tranche
de piste » apparaît en dessous de l’espace de travail et indique les réglages disponibles
pour la tranche.
7 Pour les tranches de console, augmentez progressivement le curseur de volume jusqu’à
entendre le son sur le canal.
La plupart des contrôles de tranche de console de MainStage fonctionnent comme
dans Logic Pro 8. Vous pouvez ajuster la sortie de la tranche de console à l’aide de
son curseur, Volume ajuster la balance à travers le potentiomètre correspondant et
influer sur le son général d’une tranche de console à l’aide de ses boutons Muet et
Solo. Vous pouvez choisir de nouveaux réglages de tranche de console, ajouter et
modifier les effets, ajouter des envois aux bus et changer la sortie tout comme dans
Logic Pro 8. Pour les tranches de console audio, vous pouvez passer de Mono à Stéréo
à l’aide du bouton Format. Pour les tranches de console d’instruments logiciels, vous
avez le choix entre plusieurs instruments dans le menu local Entrée.Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage 31
Pour des informations générales sur l’utilisation des tranches de console, consultez
le Chapitre 10, « Utilisation d’instruments et d’effets » du Manuel de l’utilisateur de
Logic Pro 8. Pour en savoir plus sur les tranches de console dans MainStage, consultez
« Utilisation de tranches de console en mode Édition » à la page 57.
Modification d’un réglage de tranche de console
Vous pouvez rapidement changer un instrument, des effets et autres paramètres d’une
tranche de console en sélectionnant un autre réglage dans le navigateur « Réglages de
tranche de piste ». Vous y retrouvez les réglages disponibles pour la tranche de console
sélectionnée.
Pour sélectionner un autre réglage de tranche de piste :
1 Dans la zone Tranches de console, sélectionnez celle à modifier.
La tranche sélectionnée apparaît en surbrillance et les réglages disponibles s’affichent
dans le navigateur « Réglages de tranche de piste ». Le contenu Logic Studio apparaît
alors sous forme d’une série de dossiers numérotés avec différentes catégories d’instruments. Si GarageBand ou des collections Jam Pack sont installés sur votre ordinateur,
ces réglages apparaissent en dessous de ceux de Logic Studio.
2 Cliquez sur une catégorie de la colonne de gauche puis sur des sous-catégories
des colonnes de droite pour atteindre les réglages souhaités.
Vous pouvez également rechercher des réglages de tranche de console par nom,
réinitialiser la tranche active et exécuter d’autres fonctions à partir du navigateur
« Réglages de tranche de piste ». Pour en savoir plus sur le navigateur « Réglages
de tranche de piste », consultez « Sélection de réglages de tranche de console » à
la page 59.
Cliquez sur une catégorie de la colonne pour
voir les choix disponibles.
Cliquez sur le réglage de
tranche de console à utiliser
parmi les colonnes de droite.32 Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage
Apprentissage d’assignations de contrôleur
Lorsque vous sélectionnez un patch ou un réglage de tranche de console,
certains paramètres répondent instantanément aux contrôles de votre appareil
MIDI. MainStage répond aux notes jouées sur un clavier contrôleur, aux messages
de molette de modulation/pitch bend et aux messages de pédale Sustain sans
que vous configuriez de contrôles d’écran pour recevoir ces messages. Pour les
autres commandes comme les curseurs, les potentiomètres et les boutons,
vous devez les assigner à des contrôles d’écran MainStage avant de pouvoir
les utiliser dans votre concert.
Dans MainStage, vous devez attribuez des commandes matérielles à des contrôles
d’écran dans l’inspecteur de disposition à l’aide du processus d’apprentissage, tout
comme vous le feriez pour une surface de contrôle dans Logic Pro 8. L’apprentissage
d’assignations de contrôleur est une méthode simple et rapide pour attribuer des commandes matérielles aux contrôles d’écran.
Remarque :pour pouvoir assigner une commande matérielle à un contrôle d’écran,
elle doit envoyer des messages MIDI. Pour en savoir plus, consultez « Utilisation de
matériels MIDI avec MainStage » à la page 15.
Pour apprendre des assignations de contrôleur :
1 Dans la barre d’outils, cliquez sur le bouton Disposition.
MainStage passe en mode Disposition.
2 Dans l’espace de travail, sélectionnez le contrôle d’écran que vous voulez apprendre.
Le contrôle sélectionné apparaît en surbrillance bleue.
3 Dans l’inspecteur de disposition, cliquez sur le bouton Apprendre.
Le bouton devient rouge pour indiquer que le processus d’apprentissage est actif.
4 Sur votre appareil MIDI, utilisez la commande que vous voulez assigner au contrôle
d’écran. Pour les curseurs et les potentiomètres, utilisez toute leur amplitude de mouvement et appuyez trois fois (mais pas trop vite) sur les boutons pour permettre à
MainStage de bien assimiler les types de messages MIDI envoyés par ces commandes.
Cliquez dessus pour commencer
l’apprentissage des assignations
matérielles.Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage 33
Les valeurs des menus locaux Assignation de matériel changent pour refléter la commande matérielle apprise par le contrôle d’écran. Pendant l’apprentissage, les messages
MIDI entrants apparaissent dans le Moniteur d’activité au-dessus de l’espace de travail.
Lorsque l’apprentissage est terminé, le contrôle d’écran répond à la commande maté-
rielle correspondante. Cela indique que le contrôle d’écran reçoit l’entrée MIDI et est
bien assigné.
5 Tant que le processus d’apprentissage est actif, vous pouvez faire assimiler des assignations de contrôleur complémentaires en sélectionnant un autre contrôle d’écran et en
utilisant la commande matérielle que vous voulez lui attribuer.Vous pouvez procéder ainsi
pour autant d’assignations que vous voulez, tant que le bouton Apprendre reste rouge.
6 Lorsque vous avez terminé l’assignation de contrôles, cliquez de nouveau sur le bouton
Apprendre pour mettre fin à l’apprentissage.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’assignation de contrôleurs, consultez « Assignation de contrôles
matériels à des contrôles d’écran » à la page 88.
Mappage de contrôles d’écran à des paramètres
Lorsque vous avez terminé l’apprentissage, vous pouvez passer à l’étape suivante qui
consiste à mapper les contrôles d’écran aux paramètres dans les patchs à modifier lors
de la représentation. Contrairement à l’assignation de contrôleur par apprentissage,
vous pourriez être amené à mapper des contrôles d’écran à des paramètres dans
chaque patch afin de pouvoir accéder facilement à ces paramètres et les modifier
pendant l’exécution en live. Vous pouvez aussi mapper les paramètres pour tout le
concert afin de contrôler le volume du master, voir les niveaux du master et modifier
des effets portant sur tout le concert.
Vous devez mapper des contrôles d’écran à des paramètres en mode Édition. Lorsque
vous passez du mode Disposition au mode Édition, les contrôles d’écran dans l’espace
de travail ne répondent pas aux activations de commandes physiques du matériel MIDI
tant qu’ils ne sont pas mappés à des paramètres des tranches de console. Il existe
deux manières de mapper des contrôles d’écran à des paramètres :en sélectionnant
visuellement des paramètres sur la fenêtre de la tranche de console ou du module,
ou en choisissant des paramètres dans le navigateur Mappage de paramètres.34 Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage
Pour mapper des contrôles d’écran à une tranche de console et à des paramètres
de module :
1 Dans la barre d’outils, cliquez sur le bouton Édition.
MainStage passe en mode Édition.
2 Dans l’espace de travail, cliquez sur le contrôle d’écran à mapper.
Le contrôle d’écran apparaît en surbrillance bleue. L’inspecteur de contrôle d’écran
apparaît en dessous de la Liste de patchs et indique les paramètres correspondant au
contrôle d’écran sélectionné. Le navigateur Mappage de paramètres s’affiche à la place
du navigateur « Réglages de tranche de piste » et indique les tranches de console et les
modules pouvant être mappés ainsi que le dossier Actions.
3 Dans l’inspecteur de contrôle d’écran, cliquez sur le bouton Paramètre de mappage.
Il s’allume en rouge pour indiquer que le mappage est actif.
4 Pour mapper le contrôle d’écran d’un paramètre de tranche de console, cliquez sur la
commande du paramètre sur la tranche de console dans la zone Tranches de console.
5 Pour mapper le contrôle d’écran d’un paramètre de module, double-cliquez sur le
module dans la section Insertions de la tranche de console pour ouvrir la fenêtre
du module, puis cliquez sur le paramètre.
Le contrôle d’écran est alors mappé au paramètre sélectionné. Vous pouvez ensuite
mapper d’autres contrôles d’écran en cliquant dessus dans l’espace de travail,
puis sur les paramètres correspondants dans la fenêtre d’une tranche de console
ou d’un module.
6 Lorsque vous avez terminé, cliquez de nouveau sur le bouton Paramètre de mappage
pour mettre fin au mappage.
Cliquez sur le contrôle
d’écran à mapper.
Cliquez sur le paramètre
dans la fenêtre d’une
tranche de console ou
d’un module.Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage 35
Pour mapper des contrôles d’écran à l’aide du navigateur Mappage de paramètres :
1 Dans l’espace de travail, cliquez sur le contrôle d’écran à mapper.
Le contrôle d’écran apparaît en surbrillance bleue. L’inspecteur de contrôle d’écran
s’affiche en dessous de la Liste de patchs et le navigateur Mappage de paramètres
apparaît à la place du navigateur « Réglages de tranche de piste ».
2 Dans la colonne de gauche, sélectionnez la tranche de console avec le paramètre
auquel vous voulez mapper le contrôle d’écran.
Les paramètres de la tranche de console sélectionnée apparaissent dans les colonnes
de droite. Des dossiers supplémentaires pour les instruments et pour les effets dans
la tranche peuvent apparaître dans ces colonnes. Cliquez sur un dossier pour voir les
paramètres de cet instrument ou effet.
3 Sélectionnez le paramètre à mapper.
Le contrôle d’écran est alors mappé au paramètre sélectionné.Vous pouvez mapper
d’autres contrôles d’écran en cliquant dessus dans l’espace de travail et en choisissant
les paramètres dans le navigateur Mappage de paramètres. À travers ce navigateur,
vous pouvez mapper des paramètres qui ne sont pas visibles dans la fenêtre des modules.
Vous pouvez aussi mapper des contrôles d’écran à des actions spécifiques de MainStage
et à des scripts AppleScript. Pour en savoir plus sur le mappage de contrôles d’écran,
consultez « Mappage de contrôles d’écran » à la page 68.
Remarque :si vous modifiez le réglage d’une tranche de console sur laquelle vous avez
mappé des contrôles d’écran, vous perdez alors tous les mappages des paramètres.
Vous pouvez également modifier la sensibilité de la vélocité d’une tranche de console,
créer des transformations de contrôleur et filtrer différents messages MIDI. Pour en
savoir plus sur l’édition de tranches de console, consultez « Modification de tranches
de console dans MainStage » à la page 61.
Cliquez sur la tranche
de console avec le
paramètre de
canal à mapper.
Cliquez sur le paramètre
dans le sous-menu.36 Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage
Familiarisation avec les modes Plein écran et Exécution
Vous pouvez maintenant lire les patchs comme vous le feriez lors d’une représentation.
MainStage propose deux modes :Plein écran et Exécution. Ceux-ci optimisent l’affichage
de l’espace de travail lors d’une représentation.
Pour passer en mode Plein écran, procédez d’une des façons suivantes :
m Choisissez Présentation > Plein écran (ou appuyez sur Commande + 4).
m Cliquez sur le bouton Plein écran.
Pour passer en mode Exécution, procédez d’une des façons suivantes :
m Choisissez Présentation > Exécution (ou appuyez sur Commande + 3).
m Cliquez sur le bouton Exécution.
Vous pouvez essayer ces deux modes en lisant des patchs ajoutés ou modifiés et en
utilisant des contrôles sur votre contrôleur MIDI pour modifier les paramètres que
vous avez mappés à des contrôles d’écran.
Personnalisation de la fenêtre MainStage
Vous pouvez personnaliser la fenêtre MainStage pour l’adapter à votre façon de travailler.
Vous pouvez ajuster la hauteur de la Liste de patchs, afficher ou masquer l’inspecteur et la
zone Tranches de console, et personnaliser les boutons de la barre d’outils.
Redimensionnement de l’espace de travail
Vous pouvez ajuster la hauteur et la largeur de l’espace de travail pour laisser plus
de place à la Liste de patchs, aux inspecteurs ou au navigateur.
Pour élargir l’espace de travail :
1 Déplacez le pointeur sur l’espace entre l’espace de travail et le navigateur.
Il se transforme alors en pointeur de redimensionnement.
2 Faites-le glisser verticalement pour redimensionner l’espace de travail.
Pour augmenter la hauteur de l’espace de travail :
1 Placez le pointeur sur l’espace entre l’espace de travail et la zone Tranches de console.
Il se transforme alors en pointeur de redimensionnement.
2 Faites-le glisser horizontalement pour redimensionner l’espace de travail.Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage 37
Ajustement de la hauteur de la Liste de patchs
Vous pouvez ajuster la hauteur de la Liste de patchs pour afficher plus de patchs ou
laisser plus de place à l’inspecteur.
Pour ajuster la hauteur de la Liste de patchs :
1 Placez le pointeur entre la Liste de patchs et l’inspecteur.
Il se transforme alors en pointeur de redimensionnement.
2 Faites glisser le pointeur verticalement pour ajuster la hauteur de la Liste de patchs.
La hauteur de l’inspecteur s’ajuste également pour préserver l’espace entre la Liste
de sons et l’inspecteur.
Affichage et masquage de l’inspecteur
Vous pouvez masquer l’inspecteur ou l’afficher s’il a été masqué.
Pour cela, effectuez l’une des opérations suivantes :
m Choisissez Présentation > Inspecteurs (ou appuyez sur Commande + 5).
m Dans la barre d’outils, cliquez sur le bouton Inspecteurs.
Masquage et affichage de la zone Tranches de console
Vous pouvez masquer la zone Tranches de console ou l’afficher si elle a été masquée.
En la masquant, vous laissez plus de place à l’espace de travail.
Pour afficher ou masquer la zone Tranches de console, procédez de l’une des
manières suivantes :
m Choisissez Présentation > Tranches de console (ou appuyez sur Commande + 6).
m Dans la barre d’outils, cliquez sur le bouton Tranches de console.
Personnalisation de la barre d’outils
La barre d’outils en haut de la fenêtre MainStage contient des boutons pour les
commandes souvent utilisées. Vous pouvez la personnaliser en ajoutant des boutons
pour les fonctions les plus souvent utilisées puis revenir à la configuration par défaut
par la suite.38 Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage
La configuration par défaut de la barre d’outils comprend des boutons pour sélectionner
les différents modes des fenêtres, masquer l’inspecteur et la zone Tranches de console,
activer le muet du master et d’autres commandes courantes. Vous pouvez personnaliser
la barre d’outils en lui ajoutant le bouton d’autres commandes et ajuster la position et
l’espacement des éléments. Il est également possible de la masquer pour optimiser
l’espace disponible à l’écran. Vous pouvez personnaliser la barre d’outils en y faisant
glisser les éléments de la zone de dialogue « Personnaliser la barre d’outils ».
Pour afficher la zone de dialogue de personnalisation, procédez de l’une
des manières suivantes :
m Choisissez Présentation > Personnaliser la barre d’outils.
m Cliquez sur la barre d’outils tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis choisissez « Personnaliser la barre d’outils » dans le menu contextuel.
La zone de dialogue correspondante apparaît alors et les boutons de la barre
d’outils sont entourés en gris.
Pour ajouter un bouton à la barre d’outils :
m Faites glisser un bouton de la feuille Personnaliser sur la barre d’outils.
Si vous faites glisser un bouton entre deux boutons existants, ces derniers s’écartent
pour lui céder de la place.
Pour déplacer un bouton sur la barre d’outils :
m Si la zone de dialogue « Personnaliser la barre d’outils » est visible, faites déplacer
le bouton.
m Si elle n’est pas visible, faites glisser le bouton tout en maintenant la touche Commande
enfoncée pour le déplacer.
Vous pouvez également réorganiser la barre d’outils en utilisant des espaces à largeur
fixe, des espaces flexibles et des séparateurs.
Pour ajouter un espace ou un séparateur dans la barre d’outils :
m Faites glisser un espace, un espace flexible ou un séparateur depuis la zone de dialogue
« Personnaliser la barre d’outils » sur la barre d’outils.
Pour rétablir la configuration par défaut de la barre d’outils :
m Faites glisser l’ensemble reprenant les boutons par défaut situé en bas de la zone
de dialogue « Personnaliser la barre d’outils » sur la barre d’outils.
Vous pouvez aussi modifier la barre d’outils pour qu’elle n’affiche que les icônes ou
le texte en choisissant Icône seulement ou Texte seulement dans le menu contextuel.Chapitre 4 Premiers contacts avec MainStage 39
Pour n’afficher que les icônes dans la barre d’outils, procédez de l’une des
manières suivantes :
m Cliquez sur la barre d’outils tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée puis
choisissez Icône seulement dans le menu contextuel.
m Dans la zone de dialogue « Personnaliser la barre d’outils », choisissez Icône seulement
dans le menu contextuel Afficher.
Pour afficher à la fois les icônes et le texte, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Cliquez sur la barre d’outils tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée puis
choisissez Icône et texte dans le menu contextuel.
m Dans la zone de dialogue « Personnaliser la barre d’outils », choisissez Icône et texte
dans le menu contextuel Afficher.
Pour faire disparaître la feuille Personnaliser :
m Lorsque vous avez terminé de personnaliser la barre d’outils, cliquez sur Terminer.
Pour masquer la barre d’outils :
m Choisissez Présentation > Masquer la barre d’outils.
Lorsqu’elle est masquée, l’élément de menu correspondant devient « Afficher la
barre d’outils ».5
41
5 Utilisation de concerts
Les concerts sont des documents dans lesquels vous créez et
organisez les sons que vous utilisez dans vos représentations
et où vous personnalisez la disposition sur votre écran.
Un concert MainStage contient tous les sons à utiliser lors d’une représentation complète ou une série de représentations. Dans un concert, vous pouvez ajouter, modifier
et organiser des patchs et pouvez passer de l’un à l’autre pendant la représentation.
Vous pouvez réorganiser des patchs dans la Liste de patchs ou les organiser en sets.
Les concerts contiennent également des présentations dans lesquelles vous pouvez
arranger visuellement les contrôles d’écran dans l’espace de travail et établir des
connexions entre MainStage et vos matériels. Vous pouvez ajouter ou arranger des
contrôles d’écran et leur attribuer des commandes MIDI matérielles en mode Disposition. Pour en savoir plus sur la personnalisation de la disposition, consultez « Utilisation
du mode Disposition » à la page 77.
Vous pouvez aussi contrôler le volume d’un concert entier, ajouter des effets portant
sur tout le concert ou réaliser d’autres modifications.
Ouverture et fermeture de concerts
Vous pouvez créer un concert, poursuivre votre travail dans un existant et bien sûr
en enregistrer et fermer. Vous pouvez ajouter des patchs à un concert et les organiser
dans la Liste de patchs. Le nombre de patchs n’est limité que par la mémoire disponible. Vous pouvez ajouter des tranches de console à un patch existant ou aux nouveaux
que vous créez, et pouvez les organiser en sets. Pour en savoir plus sur les patchs et les
sets, consultez « Utilisation du mode Édition » à la page 53.
Le processus de création d’un concert à partir d’un modèle est détaillé dans
« Choix d’un modèle de concert » à la page 25. Vous pouvez ouvrir un concert
pour y jouer les patchs ou les y modifier.42 Chapitre 5 Utilisation de concerts
Pour ouvrir un concert, procédez d’une des façons suivantes :
m Choisissez Fichier > Ouvrir un concert, sélectionnez le concert à ouvrir, puis cliquez
sur Ouvrir.
m Dans le Finder, double cliquez sur le concert.
m Dans le Finder, faites glisser le concert sur l’icône MainStage dans le Dock.
Vous pouvez aussi rouvrir un concert récemment ouvert en sélectionnant Fichier >
Ouvrir un concert puis en choisissant un concert dans le sous-menu.
Par défaut, un concert s’ouvre en mode Édition. Vous pouvez modifier le comportement par défaut dans les préférences de MainStage. Pour en savoir plus, consultez
« Réglage des préférences MainStage » à la page 109.
Lorsque vous ouvrez un concert pour la première fois, le premier patch (en haut) est
sélectionné. Lorsque vous rouvrez un concert, c’est le patch choisi au dernier enregistrement qui est sélectionné.
Remarque :vous pouvez avoir plusieurs concerts ouverts en même temps et faire
glisser les patchs et les sets de l’un à l’autre. Dans ce cas, des ressources mémoire et
processeur supplémentaires sont mises à contribution. En général, vous ne devez
avoir qu’un seul concert ouvert pendant la représentation.
Pour fermer un concert :
m Choisissez Fichier > Fermer le concert.
Si vous avez modifié le concert depuis le dernier enregistrement, le système vous invite
à enregistrer vos modifications.
Enregistrement de concert
Lorsque vous enregistrez un concert, toutes les modifications effectuées sur les patchs
et les sets ainsi que les réglages sont enregistrés. Pour éviter de les perdre, n’oubliez
pas d’enregistrer votre travail régulièrement.
Pour enregistrer un concert :
1 Choisissez Fichier > Enregistrer le concert.
2 Lorsque vous enregistrez un concert pour la première fois, la zone de dialogue Enregistrer s’affiche. Attribuez un nom au concert, choisissez l’emplacement de l’enregistrement
puis cliquez sur Enregistrer.
Vous pouvez aussi enregistrer un concert avec un autre nom en choisissant Fichier >
Enregistrer le concert sous.Chapitre 5 Utilisation de concerts 43
Conséquences de l’enregistrement sur les valeurs
des paramètres
Lorsqu’un concert est ouvert, toutes les modifications apportées aux tranches
de console ou aux paramètres des modules sont conservées tant qu’il reste ouvert.
Si vous modifiez les paramètres d’un patch, que vous sélectionnez un autre patch
puis revenez au premier, les paramètres conservent ainsi les valeurs du premier patch.
Si vous enregistrez le concert, toute modification est enregistrée. Si vous fermez le
concert sans enregistrer puis le rouvrez, les paramètres reprennent leur valeur lors
du dernier enregistrement.
Si vous ne souhaitez pas conserver les dernières modifications, vous pouvez revenir
à l’état qu’elles avaient lors du dernier enregistrement.
Pour revenir au dernier enregistrement d’un concert :
m Choisissez Fichier > Rétablir le concert.
Toutes les modifications apportées depuis le dernier enregistrement sont perdues
lorsque vous rétablissez un concert.
Utilisation du Tempo dans un concert MainStage
Certains modules disponibles dans MainStage, tels que les effets de retard et de
trémolo, les LFO de synthétiseur et le métronome, peuvent exiger un tempo spécifique. Vous pouvez définir le tempo pour un concert et modifier celui d’un patch ou
d’un set disposant de ses propres réglages. Vous pouvez aussi modifier le tempo en
temps réel en en marquant un nouveau, ou paramétrer MainStage de façon à recevoir
les changements de tempo à travers des messages MIDI entrants.
Lorsque vous ouvrez un concert MainStage, le réglage du tempo dans l’inspecteur de
concert est utilisé jusqu’à ce que vous modifiez le tempo en sélectionnant un patch ou
un set disposant de son propre tempo ou en marquant un tempo. Lorsque vous modifiez le tempo, MainStage utilise le nouveau tempo jusqu’à ce que vous le modifiez ou
que vous fermiez le concert.
Vous pouvez spécifier le tempo dans l’inspecteur de concert qui s’affiche dans le coin
inférieur gauche de la fenêtre MainStage lorsque l’icône de concert est sélectionnée dans
la Liste de patchs. Par défaut, le tempo des nouveaux concerts est de 120 battements par
minute (bpm).44 Chapitre 5 Utilisation de concerts
Pour régler le tempo d’un concert :
1 Dans la Liste de patchs, sélectionnez l’icône de concert.
2 Dans l’inspecteur de concert, réglez le tempo à l’aide du curseur de valeur correspondant.
Vous pouvez régler le tempo des manières suivantes :
 Augmentez ou baissez la valeur en la faisant glisser.
 Faites glisser la valeur numérique horizontalement.
 Cliquez sur la flèche gauche ou droite.
 Sélectionnez la valeur et saisissez-en une autre.
3 Cochez la case Tempo pour activer le tempo.
Vous pouvez utiliser des patchs et des sets pour modifier le tempo lorsque vous sélectionnez le patch ou le set en cours de représentation. Pour en savoir plus sur le réglage
du tempo des patchs, consultez « Utilisation d’un patch pour changer le tempo » à la
page 56. Pour en savoir plus sur le réglage du niveau de tempo, consultez « Utilisation
d’un set pour changer le tempo » à la page 71.
Marquage du tempo
MainStage comprend une fonctionnalité permettant de marquer le tempo en temps
réel lors de représentations. Vous pouvez le faire en utilisant le bouton « Tempo des
claquettes » de la barre d’outils (si elle est visible) ou un raccourci clavier.
Pour marquer le tempo à l’aide du bouton Tempo des claquettes :
m Cliquez plusieurs fois sur le bouton Tempo des claquettes de la barre d’outils,
pour changer de tempo.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’ajout de boutons à la barre d’outils, consultez
« Personnalisation de la barre d’outils » à la page 37.
Vous pouvez aussi marquer le tempo à l’aide du clavier de votre ordinateur.
Pour marquer le tempo avec le clavier d’un ordinateur :
m Appuyez plusieurs fois sur Contrôle + T selon le tempo souhaité.
Réglez le tempo avec le curseur de
valeur. Vous pouvez le faire glisser,
cliquer sur les flèches ou cliquer et
saisir une valeur.Chapitre 5 Utilisation de concerts 45
Récupération du tempo à partir d’une entrée MIDI
MainStage peut également recevoir des changements de tempo à partir des messages
MIDI entrants. Lorsque la case « Obtenir le tempo de l’entrée MIDI » est cochée, MainStage
écoute les informations de tempo provenant des messages d’horloge MIDI. S’il en reçoit,
le tempo du concert adopte la nouvelle valeur.
Pour obtenir le tempo des messages entrants d’horloge MIDI :
m Dans l’inspecteur de concert, cochez la case « Obtenir le tempo de l’entrée MIDI ».
Si les messages MIDI que MainStage reçoit ne contiennent pas de données d’horloge
MIDI, MainStage utilise le tempo du concert et le modifie lorsque vous sélectionnez un
patch ou un set possédant ses propres réglages de tempo ou que vous marquez un
nouveau tempo. Si MainStage ne reçoit plus de messages d’horloge MIDI, il utilise la
dernière valeur reçue jusqu’à ce que vous sélectionniez un patch ou un set avec son
propre tempo ou que vous en marquiez un nouveau.
Désactivation du son de la sortie audio
Parfois, lorsque vous jouez ou modifiez des sons, vous pouvez être amené à rapidement
couper le son (muet) de toutes les sorties audio du concert. MainStage comprend un
bouton Master silence qui désactive le son de la sortie de tous les patchs inclus dans le
concert.
Pour désactiver rapidement tous les sons, procédez d’une des façons suivantes :
m Appuyez sur Contrôle + M.
Dans la barre d’outils, cliquez sur le bouton Master Silence.
m Si vous avez attribué la fonction Master Silence à un contrôle d’écran, appuyez
sur le contrôleur correspondant ou déplacez-le.
Le bouton Master Silence indique alors que le son de la sortie est coupé (un trait
diagonal rouge barre l’icône du haut-parleur). Le son reste ainsi désactivé jusqu’à
ce que vous cliquiez de nouveau sur le bouton.46 Chapitre 5 Utilisation de concerts
Pour réactiver tous les sons, procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
m Appuyez de nouveau sur Contrôle + M.
m Cliquez une nouvelle fois sur le bouton Master Silence.
m Si vous avez attribué la fonction Master Silence à un contrôle d’écran, appuyez
sur le contrôleur correspondant ou déplacez-le.
Vous pouvez également mapper Master Silence dans le navigateur Mappage de paramètres. Vous pouvez le mapper à un bouton ou un autre contrôleur de vos concerts
afin de pouvoir couper rapidement le son de toutes les sorties lorsque vous jouez en
live en mode Exécution ou Plein écran.
De plus, vous pouvez désactiver le son de la sortie audio d’une seule tranche
de console en cliquant sur son bouton Muet (M).
Notes MIDI en muet
MainStage propose également une fonction Panique similaire à celle de Logic Pro 8.
Elle couper immédiatement le son de toutes les notes MIDI en attente.
Pour couper le son de toutes les notes MIDI, procédez de l’une des façons suivantes :
m Appuyez sur Contrôle + P.
m Si le bouton Panique est visible dans la barre d’outils, cliquez dessus.
m Si vous avez mappé la fonction Panique à un contrôle d’écran, appuyez sur le contrôleur
correspondant ou déplacez-le.
Vous pouvez aussi ajouter un bouton Panique à la barre d’outils et l’utiliser pour
couper le son des notes MIDI. Pour en savoir plus sur la personnalisation de la barre
d’outils, consultez « Personnalisation de la barre d’outils » à la page 37.Chapitre 5 Utilisation de concerts 47
Manipulations par concert
Vous pouvez contrôler le volume d’un concert entier et effectuer d’autres modifications générales. Utilisez des bus pour contrôler des effets portant sur le concert tout
entier ou sur plusieurs tranches de console attribuées au bus. Vous avez aussi la possibilité d’ajouter des tranches de console au concert entier et les mettre à disposition
à n’importe quel patch qu’il contient.
Vous ne pouvez mapper des contrôles d’écran sur des bus et des tranches de
console qu’à des concerts dans leur intégralité, et pas uniquement à des patchs
ou à des sets donnés.
Pour apporter des modifications applicables au concert entier :
m En mode Édition, sélectionnez l’icône du concert dans la Liste de patchs.
Cliquez sur l’icône du
concert dans la Liste de
patchs pour travailler sur
le concert entier.48 Chapitre 5 Utilisation de concerts
Contrôle du volume général d’un concert
Un concert MainStage contient des tranches de console de sortie et pour le master,
que vous pouvez utiliser pour contrôler le volume général du concert. La tranche
de console du master commande toujours le volume de sortie du concert entier.
S’il contient plusieurs tranches de console de sortie, chacune contrôle le volume
d’une sortie physique spécifique (mono ou stéréo). Vous pouvez utiliser les tranches
de console de sortie et du master pour commander le volume général, comme dans
un projet Logic Pro 8.
Pour voir toutes les tranches de console, il se peut que vous deviez redimensionner la zone.
Pour contrôler le volume général d’un concert :
m Faites glisser le curseur du volume de la sortie 1-2 ou celui du volume du master.
Vous pouvez mapper un contrôle d’écran à un paramètre de tranche de console ou
à une action portant sur le concert tout entier. Par exemple, vous pouvez mapper le
curseur du volume de la sortie 1-2 sur un curseur de contrôle d’écran et utiliser la
commande matérielle qui lui est assignée pour ajuster le volume général du concert.
La zone des tranches de console du concert
affiche les tranches de console de sortie et
du master, les bus et toutes les tranches de
console applicables au concert entier.Chapitre 5 Utilisation de concerts 49
Pour mapper un contrôle d’écran à un concert entier :
1 Vérifiez que l’icône du concert est sélectionnée dans la Liste de patchs.
2 Cliquez sur le contrôle d’écran à mapper.
Le navigateur Mappage de paramètres s’affiche en dessous de l’espace de travail.
3 Dans le navigateur Mappage de paramètre, cliquez sur le paramètre auquel vous
voulez mapper un contrôle d’écran.
Dans l’exemple précédent, cela reviendrait à cliquer sur le contrôle d’écran du curseur,
puis sur la sortie 1-2 de la colonne de gauche du navigateur Mappage de paramètres,
puis sur Volume dans la deuxième colonne.
Les contrôles d’écran peuvent aussi indiquer visuellement des paramètres, notamment
du volume. Par exemple, vous pouvez aussi mapper le curseur de volume de la sortie 1-2
sur un contrôle d’écran de VU-mètre et lui faire afficher le volume général lors d’une
représentation. Dans ce cas, vous mappez le VU-mètre à Niveau dans la seconde colonne
du navigateur, plutôt qu’à Volume.
Lorsque vous mappez un contrôle d’écran s’appliquant à l’intégralité d’un concert, vous
ne pouvez pas le mapper aussi pour des patchs et des sets donnés, à moins d’ignorer le
mappage pour le concert entier. Pour en savoir plus sur la façon d’ignorer les mappages
d’un concert, consultez « Substitution de mappages portant sur un concert ou un
set entier » à la page 73.50 Chapitre 5 Utilisation de concerts
Ajout d’effets portant sur un concert entier
Vous pouvez ajouter des effets, comme de la réverbération ou un retard, portant sur
tout le concert en utilisant des envois et des bus. Lorsque vous choisissez un envoi du
slot Départ d’une tranche de console, le bus correspondant apparaît pour le concert
tout entier. Vous pouvez insérer des effets sur le bus et les appliquer sur toutes les
tranches de console en envoyant son signal au bus.
Pour envoyer un signal de tranche de console à un bus :
1 Dans la Liste de patchs, sélectionnez le patch à utiliser avec un effet portant sur tout
le concert.
Les tranches de console pour le patch apparaissent dans la zone Tranches de console.
2 Sur la tranche de console, cliquez sur l’un des slots Départ et choisissez un bus dans
le menu.
3 Faites glisser le potentiomètre Départ en regard du slot pour définir l’intensité
du signal transmis au bus.
Pour appliquer au bus un effet portant sur tout le concert :
1 Dans la Liste de patchs, sélectionnez le concert.
Les bus du concert apparaissent dans la zone Tranches de console avec les tranches
de console applicables à l’intégralité du concert.
2 Sur le bus, cliquez sur l’un des slots Insérer et choisissez un effet dans le menu.
Choisissez le bus de l’un
des slots Départs.Chapitre 5 Utilisation de concerts 51
Après avoir ajouté un effet au bus, vous pouvez modifier l’effet tout comme pour
n’importe quel autre effet, en double-cliquant dessus pour ouvrir la fenêtre de module
et en ajustant les paramètres dans la fenêtre du module. Vous pouvez ajouter plusieurs
effets à un bus et ajuster le niveau et la balance du bus en utilisant les contrôles portant
sur le bus.
Vous pouvez également ajouter des effets sur tout le concert à un bus au niveau du
patch si l’option « Afficher les tranches de console pour le cheminement du signal »
est active. Pour en savoir plus sur l’affichage des tranches de console dans la zone
Tranches de console, consultez « Affichage des tranches de console du cheminement
du signal » à la page 62.
Utilisation des bus pour contrôler la sortie des tranches de console
Vous pouvez aussi envoyer la sortie de plusieurs tranches de console à un bus puis
utiliser ce dernier pour contrôler le volume et la balance des tranches de console.
L’envoi de la sortie à un bus permet également d’ajouter de la compression ou de
l’égalisation à un groupe de patchs.
Pour envoyer la sortie d’une tranche de console à un bus :
1 Dans la Liste de patchs, sélectionnez le patch à contrôler par le biais d’un bus.
2 Dans la tranche de console, cliquez sur le slot de sortie et choisissez un bus dans
le menu.
Lorsque vous envoyez une sortie de tranche de console à un bus, le curseur du
volume de la tranche de console influe sur l’intensité du signal envoyé au bus.
Pour contrôler la sortie des tranches de console à l’aide d’un bus :
1 Dans la Liste de patchs, cliquez sur le concert.
Le concert est alors sélectionné. Les bus ajoutés au concert apparaissent dans la zone
Tranches de console avec les tranches de console applicables à l’intégralité du concert.
2 Faites glisser le curseur du volume du bus pour ajuster le volume général en sortie
du bus.
3 Faites glisser le potentiomètre Balance sur le bus pour ajuster la balance générale
en sortie du bus.
Lorsque vous contrôlez la sortie de plusieurs tranches de console à l’aide d’un bus,
leurs volume et balance relatifs sont conservés, mais le volume et la balance généraux
sont modifiés par le curseur Volume et le potentiomètre Balance.52 Chapitre 5 Utilisation de concerts
Ajout de tranches de console à un concert entier
Vous pouvez ajouter une tranche de console applicable à l’intégralité d’un concert, et
l’utiliser pour un instrument logiciel ou une entrée audio à utiliser sur tous les patchs
du concert.
Important :lorsque vous ajoutez une tranche de console appliquée à un concert entier,
elle prend la priorité sur les tranches de console des patchs et des sets. Par exemple,si
vous ajoutez une tranche de console applicable au concert et contenant un instrument
logiciel, ce dernier a la priorité sur les instruments logiciels de tous les patchs et sets du
concert, pour les notes se trouvant dans sa plage de notes. Aussi, vous n’entendez que
le son de l’instrument logiciel appliqué à l’intégralité du concert, et vous ne pouvez lire
aucun des instruments d’un patch ou d’un set dont les notes se situent dans la même
plage de notes.
Pour ajouter une tranche de console applicable à tout le concert :
1 Dans la Liste de patchs, sélectionnez le concert.
2 Cliquez sur le bouton « Ajouter une tranche de console » (+) en haut de la zone
Tranches de console.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue « Nouvelle tranche de console », sélectionnez le type
de bande à créer.
4 Choisissez la sortie audio de la tranche de console dans le menu local Sortie.
5 Pour les tranches de console audio, choisissez Mono ou Stéréo dans le menu
local Format.
Important :les tranches de console audio peuvent générer un retour sonore, plus particulièrement si vous utilisez un micro en entrée audio. Lorsque vous ajoutez une tranche
de console audio,son volume est coupé par défaut. Pour éliminer rapidement ce retour a
posteriori, vous pouvez cliquer sur le bouton Muet de la tranche de console ou appuyer
sur Contrôle + M pour activer Silence Master.
6 Cliquez sur Créer.
7 Pour les tranches de console d’instrument logiciel, définissez une plage de notes dans
l’inspecteur de tranche de console pour que la tranche du concert entier n’empiète
pas sur les instruments logiciels à utiliser dans vos patchs et sets.
Lorsque vous ajoutez une tranche de console pour le concert tout entier, vous ne
pouvez mapper des contrôles d’écran de la tranche de console que pour l’intégralité
du concert et non pour les patchs et sets plus précisément.6
53
6 Utilisation du mode Édition
En mode Édition, vous pouvez créer des patchs avec des sons
personnalisés, mapper des contrôles d’écran et travailler avec
des patchs et des sets repris dans la Liste de patchs.
Vous pouvez créer votre collection personnalisée de patchs dans ce mode et organiser
ces patchs dans la Liste de patchs pour pouvoir facilement y accéder quand vous êtes
sur scène.
Utilisation de patchs en mode Édition
Les patchs sont chacun des sons que vous jouez à l’aide de votre clavier contrôleur
(pour les utilisateurs de claviers MIDI) ainsi que les configurations d’effets que vous
utilisez avec votre instrument ou votre micro (pour les guitaristes, les chanteurs et autres
instrumentistes). Les patchs MainStage peuvent contenir plusieurs tranches de console,
chacune incluant un instrument différent ou une configuration d’effets différente.
Dans « Premiers contacts avec MainStage » à la page 25 sont décrites certaines des
opérations élémentaires mettant en œuvre les patchs, dont celles qui consistent à
sélectionner et lire des patchs, à en ajouter des nouveaux et à leur attribuer un nom.
Sélection d’éléments dans la Liste de patchs
L’ensemble des patchs et des sets d’un concert apparaissent dans la Liste de patchs,
sur la gauche de l’espace de travail. Pour sélectionner un élément dans la Liste des
sons en mode Édition, vous pouvez cliquer dessus ou utiliser les raccourcis clavier.
Raccourci clavier Sélection
Flèche vers le haut Élément précédent (patch ou set)
Flèche vers le bas Élément suivant (patch ou set)
Commande + Flèche vers le haut Patch précédent
Commande + Flèche vers le bas Patch suivant
Commande + Flèche gauche Set précédent (ou set actif si un patch est déjà sélectionné)
Commande + Flèche droite Set suivant54 Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition
Éléments ignorés dans la Liste de patchs
Vous pouvez ignorer des patchs ou des sets de la Liste de patchs. Lorsqu’un patch ou
un set est ignoré, vous pouvez toujours le sélectionner en cliquant dessus, mais, si vous
utilisez les touches fléchées avec la touche Contrôle pour sélectionner des éléments
dans la Liste de patchs, les éléments ignorés sont laissés de côté et l’élément suivant
non ignoré est sélectionné. Les éléments ignorés le sont également lorsque vous
utilisez le sélecteur de patchs en mode Plein écran ou Exécution.
Pour ignorer un patch ou un set :
1 Sélectionnez le patch ou le set dans la Liste de patchs.
2 Choisissez Ignorer dans le menu Action de la Liste de patchs.
L’élément apparaît sous la forme d’une fine ligne dans la Liste de patchs.
Pour qu’un patch ou un set ignoré ne le soit plus :
1 Sélectionnez l’élément (patch ou set) dans la Liste de patchs.
2 Choisissez Ne pas passer dans le menu Action de la Liste de patchs.
L’élément reprend sa taille normale dans la Liste de patchs.
Les patchs et les sets ne sont ignorés que lorsque vous utilisez les touches fléchées
en combinaison avec la touche Contrôle. Les éléments à ignorer restent sélectionnés
lorsque vous utilisez les touches fléchées seules ou quand vous cliquez dessus.
Condensation de sets dans la Liste de patchs
Vous pouvez condenser des sets dans la Liste de patchs. Une fois condensé un set,
vous pouvez l’utiliser ainsi que toute tranche de console ou bus placé sur son niveau,
mais vous ne pouvez en revanche pas y sélectionner ou y lire de patchs en mode Édition.
Pour condenser un set :
1 Dans la Liste de patchs, cliquez sur le triangle d’affichage du set.
Vous pouvez développer le set en cliquant à nouveau sur son triangle d’affichage.
Condenser un set ne vous empêche pas d’y sélectionner des patchs en mode Plein
écran ou Exécution.
Copie et collage de patchs
Vous pouvez copier, coller et dupliquer des patchs dans la Liste de patchs en utilisant
les raccourcis clavier Mac OS X standard ou en les faisant glisser tout en maintenant
la touche Option enfoncée. Lorsque vous collez ou dupliquez un patch, il inclut tous
les mappages des paramètres du patch d’origine.Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition 55
Réagencement des patchs
Lorsque vous ajoutez un patch à un concert, il apparaît sous le patch sélectionné
dans la Liste de patchs. Vous pouvez réordonner les patchs dans la Liste de patchs.
Pour réordonner des patchs dans la Liste de patchs :
m Faites glisser dans l’ordre voulu les patchs verticalement dans la Liste de patchs.
Modification des numéros de changement de programme
Lorsque vous ajoutez un patch à un concert, un numéro de changement de programme
MIDI lui est attribué (le plus petit numéro disponible entre 0 et 127). Il en va de même
des patchs suivants jusqu’à ce que tous les numéros de changement de programme
disponibles aient été épuisés.Vous pouvez utiliser ces numéros pour sélectionner des
patchs lors d’une représentation en assignant des boutons d’un matériel MIDI pour
envoyer des messages de changement de programme. Pour les modifier, vous pouvez
utiliser l’inspecteur de sons.
Pour modifier le numéro de changement de programme d’un patch :
1 Sélectionnez le patch dans la Liste de patchs.
En sélectionnant un patch, l’inspecteur de sons apparaît sous la Liste de patchs.
2 Dans l’inspecteur de sons, cochez la case Changement de programme.
3 À l’aide du curseur de valeur, définissez le numéro de changement de programme.
La norme MIDI autorise les numéros de changement de programme de 0 à 127. Si tous
les numéros de changement de programme disponibles d’un concert sont déjà attribués, tout nouveau patch ajouté au concert reçoit alors le numéro de changement
de programme zéro (0), mais ce numéro reste actif (la case n’est pas cochée).
Si au moins deux patchs partagent un même numéro actif, le patch qui apparaît en
premier dans la Liste de patchs ou dans le sélecteur de patchs est celui sélectionné
lorsque vous envoyez le message de changement de programme par le biais de la
valeur correspondante.
Cochez la case puis définissez
le numéro de changement de
programme à l’aide du curseur
de valeur.56 Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition
Vous pouvez réinitialiser les numéros de changement de programme de tous les patchs
d’un concert. Lorsque vous réinitialisez ces numéros, ils sont assignés aux patchs en
fonction de l’ordre de ces derniers dans la Liste des patchs, de haut en bas.
Pour réinitialiser les numéros de changement de programme de tous les patchs
d’un concert :
m Choisissez « Réinitialiser le numéro de modification de programme » dans le menu
Action de la Liste des patchs (ou appuyez sur Commande + Maj + Option + R).
Vous pouvez assigner des boutons et autres contrôles pour l’envoi de messages
de changement de programme et les utiliser pour sélectionner des patchs dans
le concert. Pour en savoir plus sur l’assignation de boutons, consultez « Assignation
de boutons » à la page 89.
Utilisation d’un patch pour changer le tempo
Vous pouvez attribuer à un patch un réglage de tempo propre. Ainsi, quand vous sélectionnez ce patch, son tempo passe alors au tempo qui lui est défini. MainStage utilise le
nouveau tempo jusqu’à ce que vous sélectionniez un autre patch ou set et son réglage
de tempo, et que vous saisissiez un nouveau tempo, ou jusqu’à ce que MainStage
reçoive des informations de tempo à travers les messages MIDI entrants. Pour en savoir
plus sur l’utilisation et le changement de tempo dans MainStage, consultez « Utilisation
du Tempo dans un concert MainStage » à la page 43.
Pour changer de tempo en utilisant un patch :
1 Dans l’inspecteur de sons, définissez le tempo du patch à l’aide du curseur de valeur
« Changer le tempo : ».
2 Cochez la case « Changer le tempo : » pour activer le tempo du patch lorsque
ce dernier est sélectionné.
Changement des icônes des patchs
Chaque patch possède une icône qui apparaît près de son nom dans la Liste de patchs.
Par défaut, l’icône d’un patch indique le type de tranche de console créé lorsque le
patch a été ajouté. Vous pouvez choisir une nouvelle icône pour vos patchs et vous
servir des icônes pour les distinguer dans la Liste de patchs.
Pour changer l’icône d’un patch :
m Dans l’inspecteur de sons, choisissez une icône dans le menu local Icône.
Suppression de patchs
Vous pouvez supprimer un patch si vous pensez ne plus en avoir besoin dans le concert.
Pour supprimer un patch :
1 Sélectionnez le patch dans la Liste de patchs.
2 Choisissez Édition > Supprimer (ou appuyez sur la touche Supprimer).Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition 57
Utilisation de tranches de console en mode Édition
Les tranches de console correspondent aux bases de vos patchs. Elles contiennent les
instruments et les effets sonores destinés à être utilisés en représentation. Les tranches
de console MainStage utilisent l’interface de tranches de console bien connue de
Logic Pro 8. Les tranches de console MainStage partagent les caractéristiques suivantes
avec celles de Logic Pro 8 :
Dans MainStage, vous pouvez utiliser des tranches de console audio ou d’instruments
logiciels dans vos patchs (ou s’appliquant à un set ou un concert entier). Les tranches
de console s’utilisent dans MainStage comme c’est le cas dans Logic Pro 8. Vous pouvez
ajuster le volume à l’aide de son curseur, ajuster la balance à travers le potentiomètre
correspondant et influer sur le son général d’une tranche de console à l’aide de ses
boutons Muet et Solo.
Tout comme dans Logic Pro 8, vous pouvez ajouter des effets à l’aide des logements
d’insertion, envoyer le signal à un bus à l’aide des logements d’envoi et choisir une autre
sortie dans le logement Sortie. Pour les tranches de console audio, vous pouvez permuter
entre les formats mono et stéréo à l’aide du bouton Format. Pour les tranches de console
d’instruments logiciels, vous pouvez changer d’instrument à l’aide du logement Entrée.
Menu Réglages
Logements d’insertion
Logements d’envoi
Potentiomètre de balance
Curseur de volume
et VU-mètre
Boutons Muet et Solo
Icône
Nom58 Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition
MainStage ayant été conçu pour la scène plutôt que pour des contextes d’enregistrement
ou d’arrangement, il existe quelques différences entre les tranches de console MainStage
et les tranches de console Logic Pro 8 :
 Les tranches de console MainStage incluent un cadran Expression qui permet
de voir facilement l’expression MIDI active qu’elles reçoivent.
 Les tranches de console MainStage ne disposent pas de boutons Enregistrement
activé ou Bounce.
 Les tranches de console audio MainStage sont dépourvues de bouton de monitoring de l’entrée (i). Vous pouvez utiliser le bouton Muet pour désactiver le son
des tranches de console.
 Dans MainStage, vous pouvez utiliser le bouton Format pour sélectionner le format
mono ou stéréo. MainStage ne prend pas en charge l’entrée de son Surround,
pas plus que le traitement Surround.
 Les tranches de console MainStage sont dépourvues de menu local Grouper.
 Dans MainStage, la tranche de console sélectionnée est entourée d’un rectangle bleu.
 Dans MainStage, le nom de la tranche de console change quand vous sélectionnez
un autre réglage de tranche de console, à moins que vous ne l’ayez renommée.
 Dans MainStage, le numéro de la tranche de console (en bas de cette dernière)
reflète sa position dans le patch et non celle qu’elle occupe dans le concert.
Par ailleurs, certains modules disponibles dans Logic Pro 8, dont les modules Surround
et des modules non optimisés pour les représentations en temps réel (du fait qu’ils
induisent un degré élevé de latence), ne le sont pas dans MainStage.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation des tranches de console, consultez le chapitre 10,
dans le Manuel de l’utilisateur de Logic Pro 8, intitulé « Utilisation d’instruments et
d’effets » et le chapitre 25, intitulé « Mixage ». Pour obtenir des informations complètes
sur les instruments et les effets disponibles dans Logic Studio, reportez-vous au manuel
Instruments et effets Logic Studio.
La procédure à suivre pour ajouter des tranches de console est décrite dans
« Ajout d’une tranche de console à un patch » à la page 29.Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition 59
Sélection de tranches de console
Lorsque vous ajoutez une tranche de console à un patch (ou que vous ajoutez une
tranche de console s’appliquant à un set ou à un concert entier), elle est sélectionnée
dans la zone Tranches de console et les réglages disponibles apparaissent dans le
navigateur Réglages de tranche de piste. Vous pouvez sélectionner une tranche de
console directement en cliquant dessus dans la zone Tranches de console, et pouvez
également en sélectionner une adjacente à l’aide des raccourcis clavier :
Sélection de réglages de tranche de console
Il est possible de rapidement changer les paramètres d’un instrument, d’un effet et
autres pour une tranche de console en choisissant un autre réglage de tranche de
console. Il existe deux manières de choisir un autre réglage de tranche de console :
en recourant au navigateur Réglages de tranche de piste ou en utilisant le bouton
Réglages en haut de la tranche de console.
Pour choisir un réglage de tranche de console dans le navigateur Réglages
de tranche de piste :
1 Dans la zone Tranches de console, sélectionnez celle à modifier.
La tranche sélectionnée apparaît en surbrillance, entourée en bleu, et les réglages
disponibles s’affichent dans le navigateur « Réglages de tranche de piste ».
Le contenu Logic Studio apparaît alors sous forme d’une série de dossiers numérotés
avec différentes catégories d’instruments. Si vous avez installé GarageBand ou si un
ou plusieurs Jam Packs sont installés sur votre ordinateur, ces réglages apparaissent
en dessous ceux de Logic Studio.
2 Cliquez sur une catégorie de la colonne de gauche puis sur des sous-catégories
des colonnes de droite pour atteindre les réglages souhaités.
Pour sélectionner un réglage de tranche de console récent, cliquez sur Récent dans
la colonne de gauche, puis sélectionnez-en un dans la seconde colonne. Comme dans
Logic Pro 8, vous pouvez aussi choisir un autre réglage de tranche de console dans le
menu Réglages en haut de la tranche de console.
Raccourci clavier Sélection
Flèche gauche Tranche de console de gauche
Flèche droite Tranche de console de droite60 Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition
Pour choisir un réglage de tranche de console dans le menu Réglages :
m Cliquez sur le bouton Réglages en haut de la tranche de console, puis choisissez
un autre réglage dans le menu qui apparaît.
Remarque :en choisissant un dans le menu Réglages, vous constaterez qu’il n’apparaît
cependant pas sélectionné dans le navigateur Réglages de tranche de piste.
Vous pouvez aussi rechercher des réglages de tranche de console par leur nom.
Pour rechercher des réglages de tranche de console dans le navigateur Réglages
de tranche de piste :
1 Choisissez Rechercher dans le menu Action du coin supérieur droit du navigateur
Réglages de tranche de piste.
2 Dans la zone de dialogue qui apparaît, tapez le texte à rechercher.
La tranche de console dont le nom contient le texte saisi apparaît sélectionnée
dans le navigateur.
3 Si plusieurs tranches de console portent un nom contenant le texte saisi,
choisissez Poursuivre la recherche dans le menu Action pour les parcourir.
4 Pour modifier le réglage de tranche de console, cliquez sur le nom du nouveau réglage
dans le navigateur Réglages de tranche de piste.
Le navigateur Réglages de tranche de piste affiche tous les réglages de tranche de
console mis à disposition aux applications Logic Studio, y compris les réglages dont
l’utilité est moindre dans MainStage comme les réglages Surround et de masterisation.
Si vous choisissez un réglage de tranche de console contenant des modules non utilisables dans MainStage, ces derniers apparaissent barrés d’un trait épais diagonal dans
la zone Tranches de console.
Réinitialisation d’une tranche de console
Vous pouvez aussi réinitialiser une tranche de console. Le fait de réinitialiser une tranche
de console supprime tous les instruments et effets et la remet dans un état « vierge ».
Pour réinitialiser une tranche de console :
1 Dans la zone Tranches de console, sélectionnez la tranche.
2 Dans le navigateur Réglages de tranche de piste, cliquez sur Initialiser.
Après avoir réinitialisé la tranche de console, vous pouvez choisir un autre réglage dans
le navigateur Réglages de tranche de piste ou y ajouter directement des instruments
et des effets.Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition 61
Modification de tranches de console dans MainStage
Vous pouvez ajouter des instruments logiciels à des tranches de console et ajouter
des effets aux tranches audio et d’instrument logiciel dans la zone Tranches de
console. L’ajout d’instruments et d’effets se fait de la même manière dans MainStage
que dans Logic Pro 8.
Les effets et instruments de Logic Studio ne sont pas tous utilisables avec MainStage.
En particulier, les effets qui entraînent une latence importante ou conçus pour être
soumis à une balance Surround ne sont pas exploitables dans MainStage. Si vous choisissez un réglage de tranche de console contenant l’un de ces effets, les effets inutilisés
apparaissent désactivés (gris et barrés d’un trait diagonal).
Pour modifier les paramètres d’une tranche de console,sélectionnez-la dans la zone
Tranches de console, puis sous la Liste de patchs, modifiez les paramètres dans l’inspecteur de tranche de console. Vous pouvez renommer une tranche de console, lui attribuer
une couleur, définir une plage et un décalage de vélocité, créer une transformation de
contrôleur et filtrer les messages de contrôle MIDI envoyés à la tranche.
Attribution d’un nouveau nom à une tranche de console
Lorsque vous ajoutez une tranche de console à un patch, cette dernière est pourvue
d’un nom par défaut. Vous pouvez alors renommer les tranches pour distinguer vos
réglages personnalisés des réglages par défaut.
Pour renommer une tranche de console :
m Dans l’inspecteur de tranche de console, sélectionnez le nom dans le champ Nom,
puis tapez un nouveau nom.
Sélection de la couleur d’une tranche de console
Chaque tranche de console possède une couleur qui apparaît sous forme de couche
par dessus le contrôle d’écran de clavier dans l’espace de travail. Vous pouvez modifier
cette couleur pour distinguer les tranches de console lors d’une représentation.
Pour changer la couleur d’une tranche de console :
m Dans l’inspecteur de tranche de console, choisissez une couleur dans le menu Couleur.
Saisissez un autre nom
dans le champ.
Choisissez une icône
dans ce cadre.
Choisissez une couleur
dans ce menu.62 Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition
Changement de l’icône d’une tranche de console
Lorsque vous ajoutez une tranche de console, elle apparaît avec une icône par défaut
située au-dessus du menu Réglages. Vous pouvez changer cette icône pour vous aider
à distinguer les tranches de console de différents types d’instrument ou faisant l’objet
de différents usages.
Pour changer l’icône d’une tranche de console :
m Dans l’inspecteur de tranche de console, choisissez une icône dans le cadre Icône.
Affichage des tranches de console du cheminement du signal
En plus des tranches de console d’un patch, vous pouvez afficher et modifier les
tranches de console du cheminement du signal dans la zone Tranches de console.
Les tranches de console du cheminement du signal incluent les tranches de console
Sortie et Master destinées au concert ainsi que tous les bus qui reçoivent le signal
d’une tranche du patch. Vous pouvez aussi afficher des tranches de cheminement
du signal portant sur un set entier.
Vous pouvez aussi ajouter les effets influant sur le concert dans son ensemble à un bus
portant sur tout le patch. Pour cela, choisissez « Afficher les tranches de console pour le
cheminement du signal » dans le menu Action pour que la zone Tranches de console
montre les bus qui reçoivent le signal des tranches du patch, puis ajoutez les effets au bus.
Pour afficher des tranches de console du cheminement du signal :
m Choisissez « Afficher les tranches de console pour le cheminement du signal » dans
le menu Action situé dans le coin supérieur droit de la zone Tranches de console.
Création de couches et de scissions de clavier
Si vous jouez sur un clavier contrôleur, vous pouvez facilement créer des couches
et des scissions de clavier dans vos patchs MainStage. Pour créer des couches et des
scissions, il faut ajouter plusieurs tranches de console à un patch et définir des plages
de notes pour chaque tranche de console.Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition 63
Définition d’une plage de notes
Sur un clavier, la plage de notes déclenche les sons à partir de l’instrument logiciel
d’une tranche de console. Vous pouvez définir des plages de notes de sorte que les
tranches de console se chevauchent (pour les sons en couches) ou soient séparées
(pour les scissions).
Pour définir une plage de notes pour une tranche de console :
1 Dans la zone Tranches de console, sélectionnez la tranche.
2 Dans l’inspecteur de tranche de console, cliquez sur le bouton Apprendre près
du curseur de valeur Tons sombres.
3 Sur votre clavier contrôleur, appuyez sur la touche correspondant à la note que
vous souhaitez définir comme la note la plus grave de votre plage de notes.
4 Cliquez sur le bouton Apprendre pour désactiver le mode d’apprentissage pour
de la note grave.
5 Cliquez sur le bouton Apprendre à côté du curseur de valeurs Tons clairs.
6 Sur votre clavier contrôleur, appuyez sur la touche correspondant à la note
que vous souhaitez définir comme la note la plus aiguë de votre plage de notes.
7 Cliquez sur le bouton Apprendre pour désactiver le mode d’apprentissage
pour de la note aiguë.
Lorsque vous lancez la lecture du patch, vous pouvez entendre le son de la tranche
de console quand vous jouez les notes faisant partie de la plage de notes. Les notes
en dehors de la plage ne génèrent aucun son à travers la tranche de console.
Définissez la touche
aiguë et la touche grave
à l’aide de ces curseurs
de valeurs.
Vous pouvez aussi cliquer sur Apprendre
et jouer la note correspondante sur votre
clavier musical.64 Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition
Définition de points de scission flottants
Lorsqu’une plage de notes présente un point de scission flottant, les notes situées
aux extrémités de cette dernière varient en fonction des touches que vous jouez
près de ces extrémités.
Voici une explication de ce que sont les points de scission flottants, exemple à l’appui :
si vous définissez la note grave (Tons sombres) d’une plage de notes sur Do1, définissez
une valeur de point de scission flottant de 3, puis jouez les notes directement au-dessus
de Do1 (par exemple les notes Fa1, Mib1, Ré1), et jouez progressivement vers les graves en
dessous de Do1 (par exemple les notes Do1, Sib0, La0) :le point de scission se déplace vers
le bas pour inclure ces notes, jusqu’à la valeur du point de scission flottant (3 demi-tons).
En revanche,si vous commencez à jouer les notes immédiatement en dessous de la note
grave (les notes Sol0, La0, Si0 par exemple) et que vous jouez en remontant vers les aiguës
au-dessus de Do1 (les notes Do1, Ré1, Mi1 par exemple), le point de scission se déplace
vers le haut pour inclure ces notes, jusqu’à la valeur du point de scission flottant (dans cet
exemple, Do1 et Ré1 seraient incluses, mais pas Mi1, qui se trouve quatre demi-tons plus
haut que la note grave).
Pour définir des points de scission flottants pour une plage de notes :
1 Définissez un point de scission flottant pour la note grave (Tons sombres) en saisissant
une valeur dans le curseur de valeur Point de scission flottant correspondant à la note
grave. Vous pouvez taper une valeur entière, cliquer sur les flèches pour incrémenter
ou décrémenter la valeur, ou faire glisser le curseur pour définir le nombre de notes
utilisées pour la scission.
2 Définissez un point de scission flottant pour la note grave (Tons clairs) en saisissant
une valeur dans le curseur de valeur Point de scission flottant correspondant à la note
aiguë. Vous pouvez taper une valeur entière, cliquer sur les flèches pour incrémenter
ou décrémenter la valeur, ou faire glisser le curseur pour définir le nombre de notes
utilisées pour la scission.
Vous pouvez aussi créer une scission de clavier en ajoutant une tranche de console
portant sur un set et en ajustant la plage de notes des tranches de console dans les
patchs du set. La tranche de console du set entier prend la priorité sur toutes les tranches de console des patchs du set pour les notes incluses dans sa plage de notes.
Pour en savoir plus sur l’ajout d’une tranche de console portant sur un set entier,
consultez « Manipulations par set » à la page 72.Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition 65
Substitution de plages de notes portant sur un concert ou un set entier
Si une tranche de console d’instrument logiciel s’applique au concert entier, la tranche
de console du concert prend la priorité sur toute tranche de console d’instrument
logiciel portant sur un patch et dont les notes se trouvent dans sa plage de notes.
Cela signifie que lorsque vous jouez des notes faisant partie de la plage de la tranche
de console du concert sur un clavier contrôleur, vous n’entendez que la tranche du
concert, même si un patch est sélectionné.
De même, si une tranche de console d’instrument logiciel existe pour le set entier,
les mêmes conditions s’appliquent à tous les patchs du set. Autrement dit, la tranche
de console du set prend la priorité sur celles du patch et dont les notes se situent
dans sa plage de notes.
Vous pouvez substituer les tranches de console applicables à un concert ou à un
set entier par une tranche de console d’un patch particulier de manière à ce que
la tranche du patch prenne la priorité sur celles du concert ou du set entier.
Pour substituer des plages de notes applicables à un concert ou à un set entier :
1 Dans la Liste de patchs, sélectionnez le patch correspondant à la tranche de console
dont vous souhaitez substituer la tranche de console de concert ou de set.
2 Dans la zone Tranches de console, sélectionnez la tranche de console dont vous
souhaitez écraser la plage de notes de concert ou de set.
Dans l’inspecteur de tranche de console, un message apparaît pour vous demander
si vous souhaitez écraser les plages de notes de concert ou de set (le texte indique
si les plages de notes s’appliquent au concert, au set ou aux deux).
3 Cochez la case en regard du message.
Définition de la plage et du décalage de vélocité
Par défaut, la vélocité d’une tranche de console s’étend de 1 à 127. Vous pouvez limiter
la plage de vélocité de sorte que la tranche de console ne réponde que si les notes que
vous jouez à partir de votre contrôleur sont situées entre les valeurs minimale et maximale que vous avez définies.
Cochez la case pour
substituer les plages de
notes des tranches du
concert ou du set.66 Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition
Pour définir la plage de vélocité d’une tranche de console :
1 À l’aide du curseur, définissez la vélocité minimale à partir de laquelle la tranche de
console doit se déclencher.
2 À l’aide du curseur, définissez la vélocité maximale en dessous de laquelle la tranche
de console doit se déclencher.
Un décalage de vélocité signifie que lorsque vous jouez une note à une certaine vélocité,
la tranche de console répond comme si cette vélocité était supérieure ou inférieure,selon
la valeur du décalage. Si vous avez un décalage de vélocité pour la tranche de console,
la force des notes jouées sur votre contrôleur est modifiée selon la valeur de décalage
(de façon croissante pour les valeurs de décalage positives, de façon décroissante pour
les valeurs de décalage négatives).
Pour définir un décalage de vélocité pour une tranche de console, procédez
de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Faites glisser le curseur de valeur « Décalage de la vélocité »
m Double-cliquez sur le curseur de valeur « Décalage de la vélocité », puis tapez une
valeur de décalage.
Création de transformations du contrôleur
Vous pouvez graphiquement remapper (ou transformer) les valeurs de certains messages
de contrôle MIDI de sorte que les valeurs d’entrée issues de votre contrôleur produisent
des valeurs de sortie différentes pour la tranche de console. On utilise fréquemment les
transformations pour l’échelonnement des expressions, pour les besoins duquel des
valeurs d’expression MIDI d’entrée sont mappées à différentes valeurs de sortie sur
une courbe graphique. Dans MainStage, vous pouvez transformer les valeurs pour les
messages d’expression, de modulation, de volume MIDI et de Breath Control.
Par ailleurs, vous pouvez remapper les valeurs d’entrée d’un de ces quatre types de
message aux valeurs de sortie de l’un des autres types. Par exemple, vous pouvez
remapper les valeurs de volume MIDI à partir de votre contrôleur pour envoyer des
valeurs d’expression à la tranche de console, ou remapper des valeurs Breath en entrée
pour envoyer des valeurs de modulation. La fonction Transformation de contrôleur
est un moyen polyvalent de remapper les valeurs et la destination de sortie pour ces
messages de contrôle MIDI.
La section Transformation de contrôleur, de l’inspecteur de tranche de console, vous
permet de choisir les types de message d’entrée et de sortie et de créer graphiquement
des courbes de transformation. Dans la zone d’édition graphique Transformation de
contrôleur, l’axe horizontal représente les valeurs d’entrée de votre contrôleur tandis
que l’axe vertical représente les valeurs de sortie envoyées à la tranche de console.Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition 67
Pour définir les types de message d’entrée et de sortie d’une transformation
de contrôleur :
1 Dans la section Transformation de contrôleur de l’inspecteur de tranche de console,
choisissez le type de message d’entrée dans le menu local Entrée.
2 Choisissez le type de message de sortie dans le menu local Sortie.
Pour modifier graphiquement la courbe de transformation de contrôleur :
1 Cliquez sur le point de la courbe diagonale de transformation de contrôleur dont
vous souhaitez modifier la valeur de sortie.
2 Faites glisser le point verticalement pour changer sa valeur de sortie.
3 Si vous désirez supprimer un point, double-cliquez dessus.
Si un patch contient plusieurs tranches de console, les courbes de transformation de
contrôleur des autres tranches du patch apparaissent dans l’affichage de transformation de contrôleur derrière la courbe active. Chacune des tranches de console d’un
patch peut posséder une transformation de contrôleur propre.
Pour réinitialiser la courbe de transformation de contrôleur :
m Cliquez sur la zone d’édition graphique tout en maintenant la touche Contrôle enfoncée,
puis choisissez « Rétablir les paramètres par défaut » dans le menu contextuel.
Filtrage de messages MIDI
Vous pouvez filtrer certains messages MIDI pour une tranche de console dans l’inspecteur
de tranche de console. Lorsque vous sélectionnez des types de messages MIDI dans la
section Filtre de l’inspecteur de tranche de console, toutes les données MIDI entrantes sont
filtrées pour ne pas envoyer les messages de ces types à la tranche de console.
Vous pouvez filtrer les types de messages MIDI suivants :
 Pitch Bend,
 Modulation (message de contrôle 1),
 Aftertouch,
 Sustain (message de contrôle 64),
 Expression (message de contrôle 11).
Cliquez sur un point de la
courbe et faites-le glisser
pour définir sa valeur.
Choisissez les types de
message d’entrée et de
sortie dans ces menus.68 Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition
Pour filtrer des messages MIDI entrants :
m Dans la section Filtre, cochez la case correspondant au type de messages MIDI que
vous désirez filtrer.
Si vous avez créé une transformation de contrôleur, vous pouvez filtrer le type de
message d’entrée. La transformation de contrôleur envoie alors toujours des messages
de sortie de son propre type. Il est également possible de filtrer le type de message
de sortie, auquel cas la sortie de la transformation de contrôleur est alors filtrée.
Suppression de tranches de console
Vous pouvez supprimer une tranche de console que vous ne voulez plus dans
un patch.
Pour supprimer une tranche de console :
1 Sélectionnez la tranche de console dans la zone Tranches de console.
2 Choisissez Édition > Supprimer (ou appuyez sur la touche Supprimer).
Mappage de contrôles d’écran
Après avoir choisi les réglages de tranches de console qui vous intéressent, vous pouvez
mapper des contrôles d’écran MainStage à des paramètres de tranches de console ou à
des actions spécifiques à MainStage ou encore à des scripts AppleScript. Pour en savoir
plus sur l’assignation de contrôles physiques à des contrôles d’écran de l’espace de travail,
consultez « Assignation de contrôles matériels à des contrôles d’écran » à la page 88.
Mappage de contrôles d’écran à des paramètres de tranches
de console et de modules
Il existe deux manières de mapper des contrôles d’écran à des paramètres de tranches
de console et de modules :soit en mappant les contrôles d’écran à des paramètres
de la tranche de console ou à la fenêtre d’un module, soit en utilisant le navigateur
Mappage de paramètres. Pour retrouver la description de ces deux méthodes de
mappage des contrôles d’écran aux paramètres, consultez « Mappage de contrôles
d’écran à des paramètres » à la page 33.
Mappage de contrôles d’écran à des actions
Vous pouvez aussi mapper des contrôles d’écran à des actions spécifiques de MainStage
et à des scripts AppleScript. Le dossier Actions, qui apparaît dans le navigateur Mappage
de paramètres aux côtés des paramètres disponibles, contient des actions destinées à la
sélection de patchs et de sets, à l’affichage du syntoniseur, à l’activation du marquage de
tempo (tap tempo), du muet du master ou de la fonction Panique, etc. Le dossier Actions
contient également un sous-dossier AppleScript comportant des scripts utiles.Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition 69
Vous pouvez mapper des contrôles d’écran de bouton à des actions pour sélectionner
différents patchs et utiliser des boutons physiques de votre matériel MIDI pour sélectionner des patchs quand vous êtes sur scène. Vous pouvez aussi mapper des boutons
à des actions pour sélectionner différents sets ou sélectionner le concert. Pour en savoir
plus sur l’assignation de boutons, consultez « Assignation de boutons » à la page 89.
Pour mapper un contrôle d’écran à une action :
1 Dans l’espace de travail, cliquez sur le contrôle d’écran à mapper.
L’inspecteur de contrôle d’écran apparaît en dessous de la Liste de patchs et indique
les réglages correspondant au contrôle d’écran sélectionné. Le dossier Actions est
disponible dans le navigateur Mappage de paramètres.
2 Dans la colonne de gauche du navigateur Mappage de paramètres, cliquez sur
le dossier Actions.
Les actions disponibles apparaissent dans la deuxième colonne du navigateur.
3 Sélectionnez l’action à mapper.
Mappage de contrôles d’écran à toutes les tranches de console
d’un patch
Lorsque vous mappez un contrôle d’écran à un paramètre de tranche de console, tel que
le volume ou la balance, vous pouvez lui imposer de contrôler ce même paramètre dans
toutes les tranches de console du patch. Cela vous sera particulièrement utile si vous
souhaitez contrôler le volume global d’un son en couches, même si les différentes
couches sont jouées sur plusieurs claviers.
Pour mapper un contrôle d’écran à toutes les tranches de console d’un patch :
1 Mappez le contrôle d’écran en suivant les instructions données dans les rubriques
précédentes.
2 Dans l’inspecteur de contrôle d’écran, cochez la case « Envoyer àtoutes les tranches
de console ».
Cliquez sur le menu
Actions pour voir les
actions proposées.
Cliquez sur l’action que
vous désirez mapper
dans le sous-menu.70 Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition
Suppression de mappages de contrôles d’écran
Si vous souhaitez libérer un contrôle d’écran de tout mappage, vous pouvez supprimer
son mappage. Cela peut être utile avec les contrôles qui font transiter des messages au
canal MIDI Thru (molettes de pitch bend et de modulation, ou pédales d’expression,
par exemple), quand vous ne souhaitez pas qu’ils envoient des messages MIDI pour
leur type de contrôle de transmission Thru. Quand vous remappez un contrôle d’écran,
il est inutile d’en supprimer le mappage existant.
Pour réinitialiser le mappage d’un contrôle d’écran :
1 Dans l’espace de travail, cliquez sur le contrôle d’écran à mapper.
2 Dans la colonne de gauche du navigateur Mappage de paramètres, cliquez sur Aucun.
Utilisation de sets en mode Édition
Les sets fonctionnent comme des « dossiers » qui vous permettent de regrouper des
patchs ensemble. À l’aide des sets, vous pouvez organiser les patchs de toutes les
manières possibles. Vous pouvez par exemple placer ensemble tous les patchs que
vous désirez utiliser dans la première partie d’une représentation sur scène ou garder
tous vos patchs de synthé ensemble. Caractérisés par leur flexibilité, vous pouvez
adapter les sets à votre méthode de travail.
Vous pouvez notamment utiliser des sets :
 pour grouper en « banques » des sons similaires ou en relation ;
 pour regrouper plusieurs patchs que vous utilisez dans un morceau ;
 pour partager un instrument de set entre les morceaux d’un même groupe.
Création de sets
Vous pouvez créer un set vierge ou en créer un à partir d’un groupe de patchs
sélectionnés.
Pour créer un set vierge :
m Choisissez Nouveau Set dans le menu Action situé dans le coin supérieur droit
de la Liste de patchs.
Un nouveau set apparaît dans la Liste de patchs.
Pour créer un set à partir d’un groupe de patchs :
1 Dans la Liste de patchs, sélectionnez les patchs à inclure dans le nouveau set.
2 Choisissez « Nouveau Set àpartir de la sélection » dans le menu Action situé dans
le coin supérieur droit de la Liste de patchs.
Le nouveau set apparaît dans la Liste de patchs contenant les patchs sélectionnés.
Vous pouvez ajouter de nouveaux patchs au set ou faire glisser des patchs dans le set.Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition 71
Attribution d’un autre nom à des sets
Lorsque vous créez un set, un nom par défaut lui est attribué. Vous pouvez renommer
un set de la même manière que vous renommeriez un patch dans la Liste de patchs.
Pour renommer un set :
1 Double-cliquez sur le set dans la Liste de patchs.
Un champ de texte apparaît autour du nom du set sélectionné.
2 Saisissez un autre nom dans le champ du nom du set.
Utilisation d’un set pour changer le tempo
Vous pouvez attribuer à un set un réglage de tempo propre. Ainsi, quand vous sélectionnez ce set, son tempo passe alors au tempo qui lui est défini. MainStage utilise le
nouveau tempo jusqu’à ce que vous sélectionniez un autre patch ou set et son réglage
de tempo, et que vous saisissiez un nouveau tempo, ou jusqu’à ce que MainStage
reçoive des informations de tempo à travers les messages MIDI entrants. Pour en savoir
plus sur l’utilisation et le changement de tempo dans MainStage, consultez « Utilisation
du Tempo dans un concert MainStage » à la page 43.
Pour changer le tempo à l’aide d’un set :
1 Sélectionnez le set dans la Liste de patchs.
2 Dans l’inspecteur de jeu, définissez le tempo du set à l’aide du curseur de valeur
« Changer le tempo : ».
3 Cochez la case « Changer le tempo : » pour activer le tempo du set lorsque ce dernier
est sélectionné.
Substitution de plages de notes portant sur un concert pour un set
Si une tranche de console d’instrument logiciel s’applique au concert entier, la tranche
de console du concert prend la priorité sur toute tranche de console d’instrument logiciel portant sur un set et dont les notes se trouvent dans sa plage de notes. Cela signifie
que lorsque vous jouez des notes faisant partie de la plage de la tranche de console du
concert sur un clavier contrôleur, vous n’entendez que la tranche du concert, même si
un patch est sélectionné dans un set présentant une tranche de console de set.
Vous pouvez substituer la tranche de console portant sur le concert entier par une
tranche sur un set de manière à ce qu’elle prenne la priorité sur la tranche de console
portant sur le concert.
Pour substituer des plages de notes applicables à un concert ou à un set entier :
1 Dans la Liste de patchs, sélectionnez le set correspondant à la tranche de console dont
vous souhaitez substituer la tranche de console de concert.
2 Dans la zone Tranches de console, sélectionnez la tranche de console dont vous
souhaitez écraser la plage de notes de concert.
3 Cochez la case « Écraser le concert et définir les plages ».72 Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition
Suppression de sets
Vous pouvez supprimer un set si vous pensez ne plus en avoir besoin dans le concert.
Pour supprimer un set :
1 Sélectionnez le set dans la Liste de patchs.
2 Choisissez Édition > Supprimer (ou appuyez sur la touche Supprimer).
En supprimant un set, les patchs qu’il contient sont également supprimés. Si ne souhaitez supprimer que le « dossier » du set, déplacez les patchs hors de ce dernier avant
de le supprimer.
Manipulations par set
Vous avez aussi la possibilité d’ajouter des tranches de console au set entier et jouer les
tranches de console de set en même temps que chaque patch du set. Cela peut vous
être utile par exemple si vous souhaitez utiliser la même basse dans un morceau ou
dans un groupe de morceaux. Vous pouvez placer les patchs de tous les morceaux dans
un set, ajouter une tranche de console portant sur un set entier, puis ajouter une basse
à la tranche en question. Vous pouvez définir la plage de notes de la basse de sorte que
seules les notes des octaves inférieures soient jouées, et que vous puissiez jouer la
basse en même temps que vos patchs.
Important :si vous ajoutez une tranche de console appliquée à un set entier, elle
prend la priorité sur toutes les tranches de console des patchs inclus dans le set.
Par exemple, si vous ajoutez une tranche de console applicable au set et contenant
un instrument logiciel, ce dernier a la priorité sur les instruments logiciels de tous
les patchs du set, pour les notes se trouvant dans la plage de notes définie pour
l’instrument logiciel du set.
Pour ajouter une tranche de console applicable à tout un set :
1 Sélectionnez le set dans la Liste de patchs.
2 Cliquez sur le bouton « Ajouter une tranche de console » (+) en haut de la zone
Tranches de console.
3 Dans la zone de dialogue « Nouvelle tranche de console », sélectionnez le type
de bande à créer.
4 Choisissez la sortie audio de la tranche de console dans le menu local Sortie.Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition 73
5 Pour les tranches de console, choisissez Mono ou Stéréo dans le menu local Format,
et l’entrée audio dans le menu local Entrée.
Important :les tranches de console audio peuvent générer un retour sonore, plus particulièrement si vous utilisez un micro en entrée audio. Lorsque vous ajoutez une tranche
de console audio,son volume est coupé par défaut. Pour éliminer rapidement ce retour a
posteriori, vous pouvez cliquer sur le bouton Muet de la tranche de console ou appuyer
sur Contrôle + M pour activer Silence Master.
6 Cliquez sur Créer.
Substitution de mappages portant sur un concert ou un
set entier
Par défaut, les mappages que vous réalisez et portant sur un concert entier (mappages
à des paramètres et des actions) ont la priorité sur ceux à chaque patch ou chaque set
du concert. Si vous mappez un contrôle d’écran à un paramètre portant sur tout le
concert (au volume du master, par exemple), ce contrôle d’écran ne peut pas être
mappé à un paramètre ou à une action dans un patch ou un set, à moins que vous
ne substituiez le mappage du concert.
De même, les mappages que vous effectuez et s’appliquant à un set ont priorité sur les
mappages de tout patch du set. Si vous mappez un contrôle d’écran à un paramètre
portant sur tout le set (à un effet sur une tranche de console de niveau set par exemple),
ce contrôle d’écran ne peut pas être mappé à un paramètre ou à une action dans un
patch du set, à moins que vous ne substituiez le mappage du set.
Si vous tentez de mapper un contrôle d’écran mappé pour le concert ou le set entier,
un texte apparaît dans l’inspecteur de contrôle d’écran pour vous informer que le
contrôle mappé s’applique à un autre élément d’autre nature et ses paramètres sont
estompés dans l’inspecteur de contrôle d’écran. Vous pouvez substituer les mappages
d’un patch particulier, portant sur un concert et un set entier, pour mapper le contrôle
d’écran en le faisant porter sur un patch.
Pour substituer des mappages de concert :
m Dans l’inspecteur de contrôle d’écran, cochez la case « Ignorer le mappage
de concert ».
Les paramètres de l’inspecteur de contrôle d’écran deviennent actifs.
Cochez cette case pour
ignorer les mappages
portant sur l’intégralité
du concert.74 Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition
Pour ignorer les mappages portant sur le set et autres paramètres d’un patch :
m Dans l’inspecteur de contrôle d’écran, cochez la case « Ignorer le mappage de set ».
La section Mappage de paramètre devient active. Vous pouvez alors mapper
le paramètre.
Partage de patchs et de sets entre concerts
Vous pouvez exporter des patchs et des sets à partir d’un concert et les importer
dans un autre concert. En important un set, tous les patchs qu’il contient sont également importés.
Pour exporter un patch, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Faites glisser le patch de la Liste de patchs vers le Finder.
Le patch apparaît en tant que fichier .patch dans le Finder.
m Sélectionnez le patch, choisissez Exporter le patch dans le menu Action de la Liste
des sons, puis cliquez sur Enregistrer.
Le patch est exporté dans le dossier ~/Bibliothèque/Application Support/Logic/
MainStage Patches.
Pour exporter un set, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Faites glisser le set de la Liste de patchs vers le Finder.
Le set apparaît en tant que fichier .patch dans le Finder.
m Sélectionnez le set, choisissez Exporter le set dans le menu Action de la Liste de patchs,
puis cliquez sur Enregistrer.
Le set est alors exporté dans le dossier des patchs de MainStage.
Remarque :vous pouvez aussi exporter l’intégralité d’un concert en tant que set
en le sélectionnant et en choisissant Exporter le set dans le menu Action.
Vous pouvez exporter plusieurs patchs ou sets. Quand vous exportez plusieurs patchs
en les faisant glisser dans le Finder, chacun d’entre eux est exporté en tant que fichier
.patch. Quand vous sélectionnez plusieurs patchs et que vous les exportez à l’aide de la
commande Exporter le patch, ils sont regroupés dans un seul set exporté. Vous pouvez
importer des patchs ou des sets à partir du Finder dans un autre concert ouvert.Chapitre 6 Utilisation du mode Édition 75
Pour importer un patch ou un set, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m En mode Édition, faites glisser le patch ou le set du Finder dans la Liste de patchs.
m Choisissez Importer dans le menu Action de la Liste de patchs, sélectionnez le patch
ou le set à importer, puis cliquez sur Importer.
Vous pouvez également ouvrir plusieurs concerts simultanément et faire glisser des
patchs et des sets de la Liste de patchs de l’un des concerts sur la Liste de patchs d’un
autre concert. Sachez toutefois que des ressources mémoire et processeur supplémentaires sont mises à contribution. Nous vous recommandons de n’ouvrir plusieurs concerts que pour partager des patchs et des sets, et de fermer tous les concerts sauf celui
dans lequel vous travaillez quand vous avez terminé de partager les patchs ou les sets
entre les concerts. Vous ne devez avoir qu’un seul concert ouvert pendant la représentation en direct.7
77
7 Utilisation du mode Disposition
Utilisez le mode Disposition pour agencer l’apparence
visuelle de votre affichage et réaliser des connexions
entre votre matériel musical et MainStage.
Il n’est pas possible de changer la position des curseurs, de potentiomètres et autres
contrôles de vos instruments et équipements musicaux mais vous pouvez organiser les
contrôles d’écran de votre concert MainStage dans n’importe quel ordre en modifiant
la disposition. Vous pouvez modifier une disposition ou en créer une à partir d’un
modèle, mais aussi exporter la disposition et l’importer dans un autre concert.
Chaque modèle de concert fourni avec MainStage comprend une disposition intégrée,
optimisée pour un type d’instrument de musique, un genre ou une utilité.
Utilisez le mode Disposition pour modifier la disposition d’un concert. Vous pouvez
ajouter et agencer vos contrôles d’écran en fonction de votre matériel musical, optimiser la taille de votre affichage et effectuer des assignations des contrôles de votre
matériel MIDI aux contrôles d’écran de votre concert.
Pour passer en mode Disposition, procédez de l’une des manières suivantes :
m Choisissez Présentation > Disposition (ou appuyez sur les touches Commande + 1).
m Cliquez sur le bouton de disposition de la barre d’outils.
La fenêtre MainStage passe en mode Disposition.
En mode Disposition, l’espace de travail présente une grille dont le rôle est de vous aider
à aligner et agencer les contrôles d’écran. Sous l’espace de travail, les palettes de contrô-
les de panneau et de ceux de tablette apparaissent, présentant différents types de contrôles d’écran que vous pouvez ajouter à votre disposition. Sur la gauche de l’espace de
travail apparaît l’inspecteur de disposition, dans lequel vous pouvez effectuer des assignations de contrôleur et modifier les paramètres de la disposition.78 Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition
Changement de la résolution de grille
Quand vous passez en mode Disposition, MainStage détermine la résolution de grille
appropriée pour votre affichage. Dans l’inspecteur de disposition, le menu local Résolution de grille indique la résolution active. La plupart du temps, utilisez celle par défaut à
moins que vous n’envisagiez de jouer sous une autre taille d’affichage que celle que
vous utilisez pour créer vos concerts.
Pour changer la résolution de grille :
m Dans l’inspecteur de disposition, choisissez une autre résolution dans le menu local
Résolution de grille.
Remarque :si vous choisissez une résolution de grille entraînant un déplacement de
contrôles d’écran de la disposition hors de la zone visible, un avertissement vous
signale alors que certains contrôles d’écran ne sont pas visibles dans la résolution
sélectionnée. Les contrôles d’écran concernés par la modification apparaissent en surbrillance dans l’espace de travail.
Modification de la disposition d’un concert
Vous pouvez modifier une disposition en ajoutant et agençant les contrôles d’écran
dans l’espace de travail, en changeant les assignations de contrôleur existantes ou en
en créant de nouvelles et en modifiant les paramètres des contrôles d’écran. Les rubriques ci-dessous expliquent comment ajouter et agencer les contrôles à l’écran, effectuer des assignations matérielles, changer l’apparence des contrôles d’écran et modifier
les paramètres de disposition. Vous pouvez aussi exporter une disposition et en importer une dans un autre concert. Pour en savoir plus sur l’importation et l’exportation de
dispositions, consultez « Exportation d’une disposition » à la page 94.
Utilisation des contrôles d’écran
Dans un concert MainStage, les contrôles d’écran sont les objets qui correspondent aux
contrôles physiques de votre matériel musical. Les contrôles d’écran peuvent afficher
des informations sur les patchs, les paramètres et les valeurs de paramètre, ou contenir
du texte ou des images.
Dans un concert MainStage, les contrôles d’écran apparaissent dans l’espace de travail.
Vous pouvez ajouter des contrôles d’écran à l’espace de travail, les déplacer et les redimensionner, les regrouper et les verrouiller pour préserver votre disposition, mais aussi
modifier leur apparence de diverses manières.Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition 79
Après avoir agencé les contrôles d’écran dans l’espace de travail pour votre concert,
vous devez établir des connexions entre votre matériel MIDI et le concert en assignant
des contrôles physiques de votre matériel aux contrôles d’écran du concert. Dès lors
que vous utilisez le même matériel musical, vous ne devez réaliser les assignations
matérielles qu’une seule fois pour un même concert.
Après avoir effectué des assignations de contrôleur, vous pouvez mapper les contrô-
leurs d’écran à des paramètres de tranches de console dans vos patchs, ou à des
actions. Les paramètres se mappent en mode Édition. Pour en savoir plus sur le
mappage de paramètres, consultez « Mappage de contrôles d’écran » à la page 68.
Types de contrôles d’écran
Vous pouvez utiliser deux types de contrôles d’écran dans une disposition MainStage :
les contrôles de panneau et les contrôles de tablette. En mode Disposition, chaque type
dispose de sa propre palette (la palette de contrôles de panneau d’une part, la palette
de contrôles de tablette d’autre part) située sous l’espace de travail. Vous pouvez ajouter
des contrôles d’écran à l’espace de travail en les faisant glisser dans ce dernier à partir de
l’une des deux palettes.
Contrôles de panneau
Lorsque vous ajoutez un contrôle de panneau à l’espace de travail, il apparaît entouré
d’un panneau plat et brillant. Lorsque vous placez des contrôles de panneau proches les
uns des autres, leurs panneaux fusionnent en un seul panneau plus grand. Les contrôles
de panneau comprennent :
 un potentiomètre rond et un potentiomètre directionnel,
 un curseur vertical et un curseur horizontal,
 un bouton,
 un pad de batterie électronique,
 un VU-mètre (qui sert à représenter visuellement le volume ou un autre paramètre),
 un texte de paramètre (qui sert à afficher dynamiquement le nom et la valeur des
paramètres),
 un sélecteur (permettant de sélectionner les patchs pendant que vous jouez),
 du texte (qui sert à afficher les paroles des chansons, les notes de la performance
sur scène et autres informations statiques),
 une image.80 Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition
Contrôles de tablette
Lorsque vous ajoutez un contrôle de tablette, il apparaît sur une tablette tridimensionnelle. Vous pouvez déplacer la tablette, ajuster son angle et placer plusieurs contrôles
sur une même tablette. Si vous avez par exemple un contrôle d’écran de clavier dans
votre disposition, vous pouvez ajouter des contrôles d’écran, pour la molette du pitch
bend et pour la molette de modulation, à la même tablette que celle du contrôle
d’écran de clavier. Les contrôles de tablette comprennent :
 le clavier,
 les molettes de modulation ou de pitch bend,
 la pédale Sustain,
 la pédale,
 l’interrupteur au pied.
Ajout de contrôles d’écran
En mode Disposition, vous pouvez rapidement ajouter des contrôles d’écran à votre
disposition et les agencer dans l’espace de travail.
Pour ajouter un contrôle d’écran :
m Faites glisser le contrôle d’écran de l’une des palettes de contrôle vers l’espace de travail.
Tandis que vous faites glisser le contrôle d’écran sur l’espace de travail, un contour blanc
apparaît pour vous montrer où le contrôle est prévu de s’ajouter. Vous pouvez utiliser la
grille pour aligner le contrôle d’écran sur d’autres éléments de l’espace de travail.
Vous pouvez faire glisser les contrôles d’écran dans n’importe quel ordre dans l’espace de
travail. Si vous envisagez d’utiliser un clavier contrôleur, vous pouvez d’abord faire glisser
un contrôle d’écran de clavier sur l’espace de travail, le positionner près du centre, puis y
faire glisser des contrôles d’écran pour les curseurs, les potentiomètres, les molettes, les
boutons et autres contrôles physiques correspondant au clavier contrôleur.
Lorsque vous faites glisser un contrôle d’écran sur l’espace de travail, il est alors sélectionné et les assignations au matériel et autres paramètres disponibles qui lui correspondent apparaissent dans l’inspecteur de disposition sur la gauche de l’espace de
travail. Chaque type de contrôle d’écran possède ses propres paramètres, décrits dans
« Modification des paramètres des contrôles d’écran » à la page 90.
Ajout de contrôles d’écran pour les molettes de modulation/hauteur
Lorsque vous ajoutez des molettes de modulation/hauteur à une disposition, elles sont
configurées par défaut pour recevoir les types de messages MIDI suivants :
 La première molette de modulation/hauteur est configurée pour recevoir les messages
de modulation.
 La seconde molette est configurée pour recevoir les messages de pitch bend.
 La troisième molette est configurée de façon à recevoir les messages aftertouch.Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition 81
Par défaut, les contrôles d’écran de modulation et de pitch bend passent au travers
des messages MIDI correspondant à leur usage commun :les molettes de modulation
passent au travers des messages de modulation MIDI et les molettes de pitch bend
passent au travers des messages de pitch bend MIDI. Dans la plupart des cas, ce comportement est justifié pour que vous puissiez faire usage de leurs fonctions standard
sans aucune configuration supplémentaire. Si vous souhaitez utiliser ces contrôles
d’écran pour contrôler d’autres paramètres, choisissez « Ne pas transiter par Thru »
dans le menu local MIDI thru de l’inspecteur de disposition.
Ajout de contrôles d’écran de pédale
Lorsque vous ajoutez des pédales à une disposition, par défaut, la première pédale que
vous ajoutez est configurée pour recevoir des messages d’expression et la seconde
est configurée pour recevoir des messages de volume.
Par défaut, les contrôles d’écran pour les pédales d’expression passent au travers des
messages MIDI pour ce qui est de leurs fonctions courantes (expression ou volume).
Si vous désirez utiliser un contrôle d’écran pour une pédale d’expression afin de
contrôler un autre paramètre, choisissez « Ne pas transiter par Thru » dans le menu
local MIDI thru de l’inspecteur de disposition.
Copie et collage de contrôles d’écran
Vous pouvez couper, copier et coller des contrôles d’écran à l’aide des menus
et de raccourcis clavier standard de Mac OS X.
Pour coller une copie d’un contrôle d’écran :
1 Sélectionnez le contrôle d’écran à copier.
2 Choisissez Édition > Copier (ou appuyez sur les touches Commande + C).
3 Choisissez Édition > Coller (ou appuyez sur les touches Commande + V).
Vous pouvez aussi créer une copie de contrôle d’écran en le faisant glisser tout en
maintenant la touche Option enfoncée.
La fonction copier-coller peut être particulièrement utile lorsque l’on souhaite ajouter
une rangée espacée de manière régulière d’un seul type de contrôle d’écran (un potentiomètre ou un bouton par exemple) à une disposition.
Pour ajouter plusieurs instances d’un même contrôle d’écran à une rangée :
1 Faites glisser le contrôle d’écran vers le bord gauche de la zone où vous souhaitez
ajouter une rangée.
2 Après avoir sélectionné le contrôle d’écran, choisissez Édition > Copier.82 Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition
3 Choisissez Édition > Coller à plusieurs reprises jusqu’à ce que votre rangée contienne
le nombre souhaité de copies du contrôle d’écran.
Lorsque vous copiez-collez un contrôle d’écran de cette manière, les copies sont alignées
et espacées de façon régulière, et leurs panneaux fusionnent en un seul panneau.
Déplacement de contrôles d’écran
Quand vous êtes en mode Disposition, vous pouvez déplacer les contrôles d’écran. La
grille vous aide à aligner et positionner les contrôles d’écran de façon ordonnée. Vous
pouvez déplacer plusieurs contrôles simultanément en les sélectionnant (soit en cliquant
dessus tout en appuyant sur la touche Maj,soit en « étirant » la sélection pour tous les
inclure), puis en les faisant glisser jusqu’à l’emplacement voulu. Si les panneaux des contrôles d’écran sont fusionnés, l’étirement de la zone de sélection a pour effet de sélectionner l’intégralité du panneau obtenu.
Un contrôle d’écran que vous déplacez ou redimensionnez ne doit pas chevaucher un
autre contrôle d’écran dans l’espace de travail. Si cela se produit, vous risquez de ne
plus être en mesure de le déplacer ou le redimensionner complètement tant que vous
ne l’avez pas replacé ailleurs dans l’espace de travail.
Collez autant de copies
que nécessaire dans la
rangée voulue.
Copiez le contrôle
d’écran sélectionné.Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition 83
Redimensionnement de contrôles d’écran
Vous pouvez redimensionner les contrôles d’écran pour les rendre plus visibles ou pour
pouvoir les insérer dans une zone plus petite. Lorsque vous sélectionnez un contrôle
d’écran, des guides de redimensionnement bleus y apparaissent. Il vous suffit de les
faire glisser pour redimensionner le contrôle.
Pour redimensionner un contrôle d’écran :
1 Sélectionnez le contrôle d’écran dans l’espace de travail.
Des guides de redimensionnement bleus apparaissent sur le contrôle.
2 Faites glisser les guides pour redimensionner le contrôle d’écran.
Pour les contrôles d’écran présentant une zone d’affichage de texte, tels que les potentiomètres ou les curseurs, vous pouvez redimensionner cette dernière indépendamment de
son contrôle ou redimensionner les deux simultanément.
Pour redimensionner la zone d’affichage de texte d’un contrôle d’écran :
1 Sélectionnez le contrôle d’écran dans l’espace de travail.
2 Faites glisser le guide de redimensionnement intérieur pour agrandir la zone
d’affichage de texte.
Faites glisser les guides de
redimensionnement extérieurs
pour redimensionner le contrôle d’écran.84 Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition
3 Faites glisser le guide de redimensionnement extérieur pour agrandir la taille du contrôle global.
Notez que lorsque vous redimensionnez la zone d’affichage de texte, le reste du
contrôle d’écran se réduit en conséquence. Vous pouvez commencer par redimensionner l’intégralité du contrôle, puis redimensionner la zone d’affichage de texte
à l’aide du guide de redimensionnement intérieur.
Fusion de contrôles d’écran
Lorsque vous placez des contrôles d’écran proches les uns des autres, de manière à ce
que leurs bords soient adjacents, les panneaux (des contrôles Panneau) ou les tablettes
(des contrôles Tablette) fusionnent. Le panneau ou la tablette fusionné « s’agrandit »
de façon à englober tous les contrôles d’écran adjacents.
La fusion de contrôles d’écran n’a pas d’incidence sur leur mode de fonctionnement.
Elle aide cependant à les organiser dans l’espace de travail. Vous pouvez toujours
déplacer ou redimensionner un contrôle d’écran fusionné en le sélectionnant puis
en le faisant glisser (pour le déplacer) ou en faisant glisser ses guides de redimensionnement. Si vous déplacez ou redimensionnez des contrôles d’écran fusionnés,
le panneau ou la tablette fusionné s’ajuste pour englober le contrôle d’écran déplacé
ou redimensionné dès lors qu’il occupe toujours une position adjacente par rapport
aux autres.
Faites glisser le guide de
redimensionnement intérieur
pour redimensionner la zone
de texte.
Leurs panneaux ou
tablettes fusionnent.
Placez des contrôles
d’écran proches les
uns des autres.Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition 85
Lorsque vous sélectionnez un contrôle d’écran fusionné par étirement de sélection, le
panneau ou la tablette fusionné ainsi que tous les contrôles d’écran correspondants sont
sélectionnés, ce qui facilite leur déplacement simultané. Vous pouvez sélectionner des
contrôles fusionnés un par un en cliquant dessus tout en appuyant sur la touche Maj.
Ajustement de la tablette d’un contrôle de tablette
Lorsque vous ajoutez un contrôle de tablette, tel qu’un clavier, à l’espace de travail,
il apparaît sous un angle par défaut, ce qui donne un effet d’apparence en trois dimensions. Vous pouvez ajuster l’angle du contrôle de tablette de manière à ce qu’il apparaisse plus ou moins en trois dimensions. Cela s’avérer utile par exemple si vous désirez
voir davantage de touches du clavier ou si vous souhaitez réduire la quantité d’espace
que ce dernier occupe à l’écran.
Pour ajuster l’angle de la tablette pour un contrôle de tablette :
1 Dans l’espace de travail, sélectionnez le contrôle de tablette.
Des guides d’alignement blancs apparaissent pour la tablette du contrôle.
2 Faites glisser le guide d’alignement inférieur (celui qui est aligné avec l’avant
du contrôle de tablette).
Faites glisser le guide d’alignement inférieur vers le bas pour rendre l’angle plus abrupt
(comme si vous observiez le contrôle de tablette d’en haut) ou faites-le glisser vers le
haut pour rendre l’angle moins abrupt (comme si vous l’observiez de face).
Guides d’alignement
Faites glisser le guide
d’alignement avant
(inférieur) pour modifier
l’angle de la tablette.86 Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition
Déplacement vertical de la tablette
Vous pouvez aussi déplacer la tablette verticalement pour changer sa position dans
l’espace de travail. Lorsque vous déplacez la tablette verticalement, tous les contrôles
d’écran de cette dernière (par exemple, une molette de modulation ou de pitch bend
et un clavier) se déplacent avec elle.
Pour déplacer une tablette verticalement :
1 Sélectionnez l’un des contrôles d’écran de la tablette.
Les guides d’alignement de la tablette apparaissent.
2 Placez le pointeur sur le guide d’alignement supérieur (celui qui est aligné avec l’arrière
du contrôle de tablette).
Le pointeur se transforme en pointeur de déplacement (une barre horizontale pourvue
d’une flèche à ses extrémités verticales).
3 Faites glisser le guide d’alignement supérieur pour déplacer la tablette.
Regroupement de contrôles d’écran
Vous pouvez regrouper des contrôles d’écran. Une fois que vous avez regroupé des
contrôles d’écran, le fait de déplacer ou de redimensionner l’un de ces contrôles a pour
effet de déplacer ou de redimensionner les autres dans la même mesure. Regrouper
des contrôles d’écran ne change rien à leur fonctionnement mais facilite en revanche
leur agencement dans l’espace de travail.
Pour regrouper des contrôles d’écran :
1 Sélectionnez les contrôles d’écran que vous désirez regrouper.
2 Choisissez Grouper dans le menu Action de l’espace de travail (ou appuyez sur
les touches Commande + Option + G).
Les contrôles d’écran sont désormais regroupés. Le fait de déplacer l’un des contrôles
regroupés déplace les autres, et le fait d’en redimensionner un influe de même sur
les autres.
Faites glisser le guide arrière
(supérieur) pour déplacer la
tablette verticalement.Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition 87
Remarque :les contrôles d’écran ne pouvant pas se chevaucher, les mouvements
des contrôles regroupés sont parfois restreints. Lorsque vous déplacez des contrôles
regroupés, assurez-vous qu’aucun autre contrôle ne se trouve sur leur chemin.
Si vous souhaitez déplacer l’un des contrôles regroupés indépendamment,
vous pouvez les dissocier.
Pour dissocier des contrôles d’écran :
1 Sélectionnez les contrôles regroupés.
2 Choisissez Dissocier dans le menu Action de l’espace de travail (ou appuyez sur
les touches Commande + Maj + Option + G).
Les boutons Grouper et Dissocier sont également disponibles dans la barre d’outils
si vous l’avez personnalisée. Pour en savoir plus sur la personnalisation de la barre
d’outils, consultez « Personnalisation de la barre d’outils » à la page 37.
Verrouillage des contrôles d’écran
Vous pouvez verrouiller les contrôles d’écran pour éviter qu’ils ne soient déplacés
ou redimensionnés par erreur.
Pour verrouiller un contrôle d’écran :
1 Sélectionnez le ou les contrôles d’écran que vous désirez regrouper.
2 Choisissez Verrouiller dans le menu Action de l’espace de travail (ou appuyez
sur les touches Commande + L).
Le contrôle d’écran est à présent verrouillé. Si vous souhaitez le déplacer
ou le redimensionner par la suite, vous pouvez le déverrouiller.
Pour déverrouiller un contrôle d’écran :
1 Sélectionnez le ou les contrôles d’écran verrouillés.
2 Choisissez Déverrouiller dans le menu Action de l’espace de travail (ou appuyez
sur les touches Commande + Maj + L).
Les boutons Verrouiller et Déverrouiller sont également disponibles dans la barre
d’outils si vous l’avez personnalisée. Pour en savoir plus sur la personnalisation de
la barre d’outils, consultez « Personnalisation de la barre d’outils » à la page 37.88 Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition
Suppression de contrôles d’écran
Si vous souhaitez vous débarrasser d’un contrôle d’écran dans votre disposition,
vous pouvez le supprimer dans l’espace de travail.
Pour supprimer un contrôle d’écran :
1 Sélectionnez le contrôle d’écran à supprimer.
2 Choisissez Édition > Supprimer (ou appuyez sur la touche Supprimer).
Lorsque vous supprimez un contrôle d’écran, toutes les assignations et autres
mappages associés le sont également.
Assignation de contrôles matériels à des contrôles d’écran
Pour utiliser MainStage avec un contrôleur MIDI, vous devez assigner des contrôles
matériels du contrôleur (par exemple, des curseurs, des potentiomètres, des boutons,
des pads de batterie électronique, des pédales, etc.) à des contrôles d’écran de l’espace
de travail. Une fois que vous avez assigné un contrôle matériel à un contrôle d’écran,
ce dernier reçoit les messages MIDI du contrôle matériel. Dès lors que vous utilisez le
même matériel, vous ne devez réaliser les assignations de contrôleur qu’une seule fois
pour un même concert.
Vous devez attribuez des commandes matérielles à des contrôles d’écran à l’aide du
processus d’apprentissage, tout comme vous le feriez pour une surface de contrôle dans
Logic Pro 8. Le processus d’apprentissage est traité dans « Apprentissage d’assignations
de contrôleur » à la page 32.
Lorsque vous assignez un contrôle matériel à l’aide du bouton Apprendre, MainStage
détermine le type de message MIDI que le contrôle envoie à chaque changement
d’état, ainsi que la plage de valeurs qu’il est capable d’envoyer. Lorsque vous mappez
le contrôle d’écran à un paramètre de tranche de console ou à une action, MainStage
convertit (ou « mappe ») la plage des valeurs envoyées par le contrôle matériel à la
plage de valeurs optimales utilisables par le paramètre.
De nombreux curseurs, potentiomètres et autres contrôles MIDI envoient par exemple
une plage de valeurs numériques allant de 0 à 127. Vous pourriez mapper un potentio
mètre matériel doté de cette plage de valeurs pour contrôler le paramètre de fréquence
d’un effet d’égalisation, dont la plage de valeurs utilisables s’étend de 20 Hz à 20 kHz.
Si vous mappez le contrôle d’écran du potentiomètre au paramètre de fréquence de
l’effet d’égalisation, MainStage convertit les valeurs envoyées par le potentiomètre
matériel de manière à ce qu’elles soient incluses entre les valeurs minimales (20 Hz)
et maximales (20 kHz) du paramètre.Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition 89
Assignation de potentiomètres
Les contrôleurs MIDI peuvent être dotés de potentiomètres ou de contrôleurs rotatifs
de différents types. Les potentiomètres peuvent correspondre soit à des contrôleurs
absolus, qui envoient une valeur fixe que détermine la position du potentiomètre,
soit à des contrôleurs relatifs, qui incrémentent ou décrémentent la valeur précédente
quelle que soit leur position exacte. Les potentiomètres présentent une plage de
mouvement fixe ou sont continus (encodeurs rotatifs sans butée).
Lorsque vous assignez un contrôle d’écran à un potentiomètre à l’aide du bouton
Apprendre, MainStage tente de déterminer quel est le type du potentiomètre ou du
contrôle rotatif matériel qui envoie le message MIDI et définit la valeur du menu local
Type de l’inspecteur de disposition sur la valeur adéquate. La valeur adaptée aux cas
des contrôleurs absolus est Absolue ;pour les contrôleurs relatifs, cette valeur est soit
« Relative (complément de 2) », soit « Relative (magnitude de signe) », en fonction
du type de commande relative.
Lorsque vous assignez un contrôle d’écran à un potentiomètre, veillez à ce que le menu
local Type affiche Absolue ou l’une des deux valeurs Relative selon le contrôleur maté-
riel dont vous disposez. Tournez le potentiomètre sur toute sa course pour être sûr
que MainStage détermine correctement le type de potentiomètre que vous assignez.
Assignation de boutons
Les contrôleurs MIDI peuvent être dotés de différents types de boutons. Certains boutons
envoient une seule valeur chaque fois que vous appuyez dessus, tandis que d’autres alternent entre deux valeurs lorsqu’on les enfonce. D’autres boutons encore peuvent envoyer
des valeurs séparées lorsqu’ils sont enfoncés et relâchés (on dit de ces boutons qu’ils sont
momentanés ou temporaires).
Lorsque vous assignez un contrôle d’écran à un bouton à l’aide du bouton Apprendre,
MainStage tente de déterminer quel est le type de bouton matériel qui envoie le
message MIDI, et définit la valeur du menu local Type de l’inspecteur de disposition sur
la valeur appropriée à ce type de bouton. Pour permettre à MainStage de déterminer
la bonne valeur, appuyez sur le bouton exactement trois fois quand vous activez son
apprentissage. Ceci garantit que MainStage détermine bien si le bouton est un bouton
à valeur unique, à valeur en alternance ou momentané.
Vous pouvez changer la fonction d’un bouton momentané de sorte qu’il corresponde
à la fonction d’un bouton à valeur unique ou à valeur en alternance.90 Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition
Pour changer la fonction d’un bouton momentané :
1 En mode Disposition, assurez-vous que le contrôle d’écran de bouton est sélectionné.
2 Dans l’inspecteur de disposition, choisissez soit Valeur simple soit Valeur en alternance
dans le menu local Type.
Choisissez Valeur simple si vous souhaitez que le bouton fonctionne comme un bouton
à n’envoyant qu’une seule valeur, et Valeur en alternance si vous désirez qu’il fonctionne
comme un bouton transmettant des valeurs alternées. Il n’est pas possible de changer la
fonction d’un bouton à valeur simple ou à valeur en alternance pour qu’il corresponde à
la fonction d’un bouton momentané.
Modification des paramètres des contrôles d’écran
Lorsque vous sélectionnez un contrôle d’écran en mode Disposition, ses paramètres
apparaissent dans l’inspecteur de disposition, à partir duquel vous pouvez les modifier.
Certains types de contrôles d’écran partagent les mêmes paramètres tandis que
d’autres types présentent des paramètres différents. Les paramètres correspondant à
chaque type sont décrits dans la section suivante.
Pour modifier les paramètres d’un contrôle d’écran :
1 En mode Disposition, sélectionnez le contrôle d’écran (pour cela, faites-le glisser dans
l’espace de travail).
2 Dans l’inspecteur de disposition, modifiez les paramètres du contrôle d’écran sélectionné en choisissant leur élément de menu, en leur attribuant du texte, en cliquant sur
leur bouton ou en cochant leur case.
Paramètres de clavier
Vous pouvez modifier les paramètres suivants pour les contrôles d’écran de clavier.
Assignation de matériel
 Menu local Périphérique : affiche le nom du clavier appris. Le nom de l’appareil peut
correspondre au nom du clavier contrôleur ou à un port de ce contrôleur s’il est doté
de plusieurs. Vous pouvez choisir un autre matériel ou choisir Tout.
 Menu local Canal : affiche le canal MIDI sur lequel MainStage reçoit les données
du clavier en entrée. Vous pouvez choisir un autre canal ou choisir Tout.
 Curseur « Sensibilité de la vélocité » : définit la sensibilité à la vélocité du clavier.
Moins signifie que des vélocités plus élevées sont requises pour déclencher la
valeur maximale. À l’inverse, Plus signifie que des vélocités inférieures déclenchent
la valeur maximale.Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition 91
Réglages
 Champ Nom : attribuez dans ce champ un nom au clavier. Ce nom apparaît alors
dans le menu local Entrée de l’inspecteur de tranche de console, dans lequel vous
pouvez sélectionner le matériel auquel la tranche de console répond.
 Curseur de valeur Nombre de notes :saisissez le nombre de touches à afficher sur
le contrôle d’écran de clavier.
 Curseur de valeur Note la plus basse :saisissez le nom de la note correspondant
à la note la plus faible.
 Bouton d’apprentissage Note la plus basse : cliquez sur le bouton d’apprentissage,
puis appuyez sur la touche la plus basse pour que MainStage l’apprenne.
Les curseurs « Nombre de notes » et « Note la plus basse » n’influent que sur
l’apparence du contrôle d’écran. Ils ne concernent pas les notes reçues de votre
clavier contrôleur.
Affichage des couches
 Case « Afficher les couches de clavier » : lorsque cette case est cochée, une couche
s’affiche au-dessus du clavier dans l’espace de travail pour chacune des tranches
de console d’instrument logiciel d’un patch. Les couches affichent le nom et la
couleur de la tranche de console et répondent quand vous jouez sur le clavier.
 Curseur de valeur Hauteur :définit la hauteur de l’affichage de couches qui apparaît
au-dessus du clavier.
Paramètres communs de contrôles d’écran
Vous pouvez modifier les paramètres ci-dessous pour les contrôles d’écran suivants :
curseur, potentiomètre, pédale, molette de modulation/hauteur, indicateur et texte
du paramètre.
Assignation de matériel
 Menu local Périphérique : affiche le nom de l’appareil auquel appartient le contrôle
assigné. Le nom de l’appareil peut correspondre au nom du contrôleur ou à un port
de ce contrôleur s’il est doté de plusieurs. Vous pouvez sélectionner un autre matériel,
Tout ou Non affecté.
 Menu local Canal : choisissez le canal MIDI sur lequel MainStage les données
du contrôleur en entrée.92 Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition
Si vous envisagez d’utiliser plusieurs claviers lors de la représentation, assurez-vous
que les contrôles d’écran tels que les curseurs et les potentiomètres reçoivent leurs
données des contrôleurs appropriés en entrée, à l’aide des menus locaux Périphérique
et Canal.
 Menu local Type : choisissez le type de messages de contrôle auxquels le contrôle répond.
 Menu local Numéro : choisissez le numéro de contrôle MIDI que le contrôle envoie.
Pour les contrôles MIDI courants, par exemple le volume, le nom du contrôle apparaît
dans le menu à côté de son numéro.
 Menu local MIDI Thru : choisissez si le contrôle transite ou non automatiquement
par le canal MIDI Thru.
Apparence
 Sélecteur Couleur : choisissez la couleur de la partie active du contrôle d’écran
lorsque vous jouez en représentation (ce paramètre n’est pas disponible pour
les contrôles d’écran texte ou indicateur).
 Menu local Contrôle :choisissez le type du contrôle d’écran. Si vous changez son
type, il se peut que vous soyez amené à le redimensionner dans l’espace de travail.
Étiquettes textuelles
 Menu local Affichage : choisissez les informations à afficher dans la zone d’affichage
de texte du contrôle, et combien de lignes ces informations occupent.
 Case et champ d’ajout de texte personnalisé :cochez cette case, puis tapez du texte
personnalisé dans le champ pour qu’il s’affiche sur la ligne supérieure de l’affichage
de texte du contrôle.
Paramètres de pad de batterie électronique
Vous pouvez modifier les paramètres suivants pour les contrôles d’écran de pad
de batterie électronique.
Assignation de matériel
 Menu local Périphérique : affiche le nom de l’appareil auquel appartient le pad
de batterie électronique. Vous pouvez sélectionner un autre matériel, Tout ou
Non affecté.
 Menu local Canal : choisissez le canal MIDI sur lequel MainStage les données
du contrôleur en entrée.
 Curseur de valeur Note : définissez la note MIDI à laquelle le pad de batterie
électronique répond.
Apparence
 Sélecteur Couleur : choisissez la couleur de la partie active du contrôle d’écran afin
de pouvoir voir facilement quand le pad de batterie électronique est enfoncé.
 Menu local Contrôle :choisissez le type du contrôle d’écran. Si vous changez son
type, il se peut que vous soyez amené à le redimensionner dans l’espace de travail.Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition 93
Étiquettes textuelles
 Menu local Affichage : choisissez les informations à afficher dans la zone d’affichage
de texte, et combien de lignes ces informations occupent.
 Case et champ d’ajout de texte personnalisé :cochez cette case, puis tapez du texte
personnalisé dans le champ pour qu’il s’affiche sur la ligne supérieure de l’affichage
de texte du contrôle.
Paramètres textuels
Vous pouvez modifier les paramètres suivants pour les contrôles d’écran textuels.
 Bouton Police :cliquez sur ce bouton pour afficher le menu Police vous permettant
de sélectionner une police, un style et une taille.
 Boutons d’alignement :à l’aide de ces boutons, alignez le texte à gauche, à droite
ou au centre, ou justifiez-le.
 Champ Texte :saisissez-y le texte que vous souhaitez voir s’afficher à l’écran.
 Case Afficher le cadre autour du texte : quand cette case est cochée, un cadre sombre
apparaît autour du texte pour montrer les limites du contrôle d’écran.
Paramètres d’image
Vous pouvez modifier les paramètres suivants pour les contrôles d’écran d’image.
 Case à cocher Adapter par étirement :lorsque cette case est cochée, l’image s’étire
pour remplir au maximum la zone du contrôle d’écran Image.
 Case à cocher Afficher le cadre autour de l’image : quand cette case est cochée, un
cadre sombre apparaît autour de l’image pour montrer les limites du contrôle
d’écran.
 Cadre Image :faites glisser une image dans le cadre pour l’afficher à travers le contrôle
d’écran Image.
 Bouton Sélection :cliquez sur ce bouton pour ouvrir une zone de dialogue d’ouverture de fichier dans laquelle vous pouvez parcourir vos disques pour sélectionner
une image.
Paramètres de sélecteur de patchs
Vous pouvez modifier les paramètres suivants pour les contrôles d’écran de sélecteur
de patchs.
 Bouton Sons et jeux : lorsque ce bouton est actif, les patchs et les sets s’affichent
dans le sélecteur.
 Case « Affichage en deux colonnes » :lorsque cette case est cochée, les sets s’affichent
dans la colonne de gauche et les patchs dans celle de droite.
 Bouton Sons uniquement :lorsque ce bouton est actif, seuls les patchs s’affichent
dans le sélecteur.
 Curseur de valeur Éléments à afficher : permet de définir le nombre d’éléments
(en d’autres termes, de lignes) visibles dans le sélecteur.94 Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition
Transition de messages dans le canal MIDI Thru avec
MainStage
Lorsque MainStage reçoit des messages MIDI de votre clavier contrôleur (ou de tout
autre matériel MIDI), ces messages « transitent » si aucun contrôle d’écran de votre disposition n’est assigné pour recevoir ce type de messages MIDI (comme cela est défini
dans le menu local Numéro de l’inspecteur de disposition des contrôles d’écran).
Si un contrôle d’écran existe pour ce type de message MIDI, les données ne sont
pas retransmises si le menu local MIDI Thru est défini sur « Ne pas transiter par Thru ».
Ce réglage est le réglage par défaut pour la plupart des contrôles d’écran quand vous
les ajoutez à une disposition. Les contrôles d’écran assignés aux types de message MIDI
suivants font exception à la règle :modulation, pitch bend, Sustain, expression et
aftertouch. Par défaut, quand vous ajoutez l’un de ces contrôles d’écran, le menu
local MIDI est défini sur Automatique. En effet, si vous ajoutez un contrôle d’écran
pour une molette de modulation ou une pédale Sustain par exemple, il répond
« automatiquement » au type de message MIDI approprié, sans que vous ayez à
le configurer davantage. Si vous souhaitez que le contrôle d’écran réponde à un
autre type de message MIDI, vous pouvez le choisir dans le menu local Numéro
de l’inspecteur de disposition.
Les messages MIDI entrants « transitant » sont transmis à toutes les tranches de
console mappées au matériel qui envoie ces messages (autrement dit, au clavier
contrôleur que vous utilisez pour « jouer » ces tranches de console). En l’absence
de matériel correspondant, les messages MIDI sont envoyés à toutes les tranches
de console.
Vous pouvez aussi filtrer les messages MIDI entrants pour les distribuer aux différentes
tranches de console. Pour en savoir plus sur le filtrage des messages MIDI, consultez
« Filtrage de messages MIDI » à la page 67.
Exportation d’une disposition
Vous pouvez exporter une disposition et l’enregistrer sans qu’elle soit dépendente
du concert, puis l’importer dans d’autres concerts.
Pour exporter une disposition :
1 Choisissez Fichier > Export disposition (ou appuyez sur les touches Commande + Maj +
Contrôle + S).
2 Dans la zone de dialogue Enregistrer sous, attribuez un nom à la disposition et indiquez l’emplacement où l’enregistrer (ou utilisez l’emplacement par défaut).
3 Cliquez sur Enregistrer.Chapitre 7 Utilisation du mode Disposition 95
Importation d’une disposition
Vous pouvez importer dans un concert une disposition exportée, puis la régler
de façon à travailler avec ses mappages dans le concert.
Pour importer une disposition dans un concert :
1 Choisissez Fichier > Import disposition (ou appuyez sur les touches Commande +
Contrôle + O).
2 Dans la zone de dialogue Ouvrir, sélectionnez la disposition à importer.
3 Cliquez sur Ouvrir.
La disposition du concert est remplacée par la disposition importée.
Lorsque vous importez une disposition dans un concert, MainStage l’analyse et tente
de convertir ses assignations et ses mappages afin de les adapter au concert.
Les règles suivantes sont celles qui régissent la conversion d’assignations et de
mappages importés :
 Les contrôles d’écran sont assignés et mappés à des contrôles d’écran du même
type s’ils existent dans la disposition importée.
 Les contrôles d’écran pour clavier sont exclusivement assignés à des contrôles
d’écran pour clavier.
 Si l’agencement des contrôles d’écran dans le concert est similaire à celui dans
la disposition importée, les contrôles d’écran sont assignés et mappés à des contrô-
les d’écran occupant les mêmes emplacements dans l’espace de travail.
 Si l’agencement des contrôles d’écran dans le concert est différente, MainStage tente
de les assigner et de les mapper, en partant du coin supérieur gauche vers le coin
inférieur droit de l’espace de travail.
Du fait de la grande variété des dispositions, il se peut que vous ne puissiez pas convertir toutes les assignations et tous les mappages comme prévu. Des différences existent
en effet entre les dispositions. Après avoir importé une disposition dans un concert,
veillez à tester les contrôles d’écran dans ce dernier afin de vérifier qu’ils fonctionnent
comme prévu. Une fois la disposition importée, il se peut que vous deviez réassigner
manuellement certains contrôles, puis remapper les contrôles d’écran dans vos patchs
pour que le concert fonctionne avec la nouvelle disposition. Si la disposition importée
présente moins de contrôles d’écran que l’ancienne disposition ou si elle comprend
des types de contrôles d’écran différents, vous devrez probablement ajouter de nouveaux contrôles d’écran après l’importation et assigner à ces derniers des contrôles
physiques afin de maintenir le même niveau de fonctionnalité.8
97
8 Représentation en direct avec
MainStage
Maintenant que vous avez créé et organisé vos sons et
configuré votre disposition, il ne vous reste plus qu’à vous
produire. MainStage propose deux modes pour cela
(Plein écran et Exécution), spécialement adaptés pour
la représentation en direct.
Avant de commencer à jouer
Voici quelques vérifications à effectuer avant de commencer l’exécution sur scène :
 Vérifiez que vos contrôleurs MIDI, instruments, micros et autres équipements
musicaux sont raccordés à votre ordinateur et fonctionnent.
 Sélectionnez un patch avec une tranche de console d’instrument logiciel et jouez
du clavier. Consultez le Moniteur d’activité pour vérifier que MainStage reçoit bien
l’entrée MIDI du clavier et que vous entendez la sortie audio.
 Vérifiez que tous les instruments et micros que vous avez l’intention d’utiliser avec
les tranches de console sont branchés sur les bonnes entrées de l’interface audio.
Sélectionnez un patch avec une tranche de console et jouez ou chantez pour vérifier
que vous entendez bien la sortie audio.
 Pour de meilleurs résultats, fermez toutes les applications dont vous n’avez pas
besoin pendant la représentation, tout particulièrement les applications qui sollicitent beaucoup le processeur ou la mémoire.
Utilisation des modes Plein écran et Exécution
En représentation, vous pouvez utiliser le mode Plein écran ou Exécution en fonction
de vos besoins. Chacun de ces modes présente des avantages suivant le type de
performance sur scène à réaliser.98 Chapitre 8 Représentation en direct avec MainStage
Utilisation en mode Plein écran
En mode Plein écran, l’espace de travail de MainStage occupe tout l’écran et les contrôles
d’écran adoptent la taille maximale possible pour permettre une visualisation facile.
MainStage reçoit toutes les commandes de clavier (aussi, aucun autre raccourci clavier,
notamment ceux de Mac OS X, n’est actif). Vous pouvez accéder aux fonctions Silence
Master et Panique par le biais des raccourcis clavier à moins que vous n’ayez mappé un
contrôle d’écran à ces fonctions.
Pour passer en mode Plein écran, procédez d’une des façons suivantes :
m Choisissez Présentation > Plein écran (ou appuyez sur Commande + 4).
m Cliquez sur le bouton Plein écran dans la barre d’outils.
Pour quitter le mode Plein écran, procédez d’une des façons suivantes :
m Appuyez sur la touche Échap.
m Cliquez sur l’icône de fermeture (croix) placée dans le coin supérieur gauche de l’écran.
m Utilisez le raccourci clavier pour un des autres modes (de Commande + 1 à
Commande + 3).
Utilisation du mode Exécution
En mode Exécution, l’espace de travail occupe toute la fenêtre MainStage, mais la barre
d’outils reste visible pour vous permettre l’accès aux boutons Silence Master, Panique,
Syntoniseur et aux autres éléments de la barre d’outils. Vous pouvez redimensionner la
fenêtre de MainStage, mais aussi modifier la taille de l’espace de travail dans la fenêtre,
à l’aide du curseur de zoom. Vous pouvez accéder au Finder et aux autres applications
ouvertes en cliquant en dehors de la fenêtre MainStage.
Pour passer en mode Exécution, procédez d’une des façons suivantes :
m Choisissez Présentation > Exécution (ou appuyez sur Commande + 3).
m Cliquez sur le bouton Exécution de la barre d’outils.
Par défaut, MainStage s’ouvre en mode Édition au lancement de l’application.Vous pouvez
modifier son comportement par défaut dans la sous-fenêtre Générales des préférences
MainStage pour que l’application s’ouvre en mode Exécution ou Plein écran. Pour en savoir
plus, consultez « Réglage des préférences MainStage » à la page 109.Chapitre 8 Représentation en direct avec MainStage 99
Sélection de patchs pendant la représentation
En mode Plein écran ou Exécution vous pouvez visualiser et sélectionner des patchs
à l’aide du contrôle d’écran de sélection de sons dans votre disposition. Les patchs et les
sets s’affichent dans cet outil dans le même ordre que dans la Liste de patchs du mode
Édition. Les éléments ignorés n’apparaissent pas dans l’outil de sélection de sons et
ne peuvent pas être sélectionnés, mais les patchs dans les sets condensés apparaissent
quant à eux, ce qui les rend sélectionnables. Pour en savoir plus sur la manière d’ignorer
des éléments, consultez « Éléments ignorés dans la Liste de patchs » à la page 54.
Lorsque vous sélectionnez un patch, vous pouvez en lancer la lecture immédiatement.
Si vous tenez des notes du patch précédent, rien ne change tant que vous ne les libérez
pas ou que vous ne relâchez pas la pédale Sustain. Si le patch précédent contient des effets
(comme des effets de réverbération ou de retard) avec une queue de relâchement, cette
dernière continue de résonner pendant le temps défini dans le menu local « Couper le son
du patch précédent » dans les préférences MainStage. Pour en savoir plus, consultez
« Réglage des préférences MainStage » à la page 109.
Lorsque vous jouez, gardez à l’esprit la différence entre les paramètres de patch et les
paramètres contrôlés sur l’intégralité d’un concert. Lorsque vous sélectionnez un patch,
ses paramètres correspondent au dernier enregistrement. Si vous avez joué le patch depuis
que vous avez ouvert le concert, les paramètres de la dernière lecture sont conservés.
Les paramètres du concert, en revanche, conservent leur valeur lorsque vous sélectionnez
d’autres patchs. Par exemple,si vous sélectionnez un patch avec une tranche de console
dont le volume est de 0 dB, mais que le curseur de volume du master portant sur tout
le concert est réglé sur – 96 dB, vous n’entendez alors aucun son, et non pas le volume
d’origine. De même, les paramètres contrôlés au niveau du set gardent leur valeur lorsque
vous choisissez un autre patch du set.
De plus, n’oubliez pas que lorsque vous sélectionnez un patch, les contrôles d’écran des
potentiomètres, des curseurs et autres commandes de l’espace de travail indiquent les
paramètres du patch, qui peuvent être différents de l’état des commandes physiques de
votre contrôleur. Lorsque vous utilisez les commandes physiques, les contrôles d’écran
s’actualisent instantanément pour indiquer la valeur active.
Sélection de patchs à l’aide des raccourcis clavier
Vous pouvez sélectionner les patchs dans l’outil de sélection en utilisant les raccourcis
clavier suivants :
Raccourci clavier Sélection
Flèche vers le haut Patch précédent
Flèche vers le bas Patch suivant
Flèche gauche Premier patch du set précédent
Flèche droite Premier patch du set suivant100 Chapitre 8 Représentation en direct avec MainStage
Sélection de patchs à l’aide d’actions
Si vous avez mappé des contrôles d’écran à des actions pour sélectionner des patchs,
comme la sélection du patch précédent ou suivant, vous pouvez utiliser les commandes
matérielles assignées à ces contrôles d’écran lors de la représentation. De même, vous
pouvez sélectionner des sets ou le concert à l’aide d’actions. Les boutons s’avèrent tout
particulièrement utiles pour sélectionner les patchs, les sets ou les concerts à travers
des actions.
Dans ce cas, les patchs ignorés restent ignorés. Par exemple, si vous utilisez un contrôle
d’écran mappé pour sélectionner les dix patchs suivants, tous les patchs ignorés ne
font alors pas partie des dix patchs suivants.
Sélection de patchs en utilisant les messages de changement de
programme
Si votre matériel MIDI dispose de boutons ou d’autres commandes qui envoient des
messages de changement de programme, vous pouvez sélectionner les patchs dans
votre concert par numéro de changement de programme. Vous pouvez utiliser les messages de changement de programme pour sélectionner des patchs, mais non des sets.
Pour en savoir plus sur la façon dont votre matériel MIDI envoie des messages de changement de programme, consultez la documentation de celui-ci ou le site Internet du
fabricant. Pour en savoir plus sur la façon de modifier le numéro de changement de
programme pour un patch, consultez « Modification des numéros de changement de
programme » à la page 55.
Utilisation des contrôles d’écran pendant l’interprétation
Pendant la représentation, vous devez utiliser les commandes de vos appareils MIDI
assignées aux contrôles d’écran pour manipuler les paramètres mappés à ces contrôles.
Lorsque vous sélectionnez un autre patch,ses paramètres mappés restent immédiatement modifiables.
Lorsque vous actionnez une commande matérielle, le contrôle d’écran se déplace
instantanément pour refléter la position active de la commande physique et le paramètre
mappé à ce contrôle s’actualise automatiquement. Les contrôles d’écran MainStage ne se
verrouillent pas sur une valeur spécifique et relative en fonction de la commande maté-
rielle. Ils reflètent en fait la valeur active.Chapitre 8 Représentation en direct avec MainStage 101
Gestion des changements de tempo pendant l’interprétation
Lorsque vous ouvrez le concert que vous souhaitez utiliser pour une représentation,
MainStage utilise le tempo du concert défini dans l’inspecteur de concert. Si la case
« Obtenir le tempo de l’entrée MIDI » est cochée, MainStage utilise les messages de
tempo MIDI pour déterminer le tempo. Pour en savoir plus sur le réglage et le changement de tempo dans un concert, consultez « Utilisation du Tempo dans un concert
MainStage » à la page 43.
Si vous sélectionnez un patch ou un set possédant son propre tempo, ce dernier se
calque alors sur le nouveau réglage. Vous pouvez également modifier le tempo en
temps réel pendant l’interprétation à l’aide de la fonctionnalité Tempo des claquettes,
que ce soit en marquant le tempo à l’aide des touches Contrôle + T, ou en cliquant en
rythme sur le bouton Tempo des claquettes de la barre d’outils.
Utilisation de guitares et autres instruments
Vous pouvez jouer de la guitare électrique ou tout autre instrument de musique
raccordé à votre ordinateur en utilisant MainStage comme processeur multi-effets.
Vous devez choisir l’entrée audio sur laquelle l’instrument est raccordé dans les
tranches de console audio que vous voulez utiliser avec l’instrument. Vous pouvez
utiliser l’amplification de guitare ou de basse ainsi que d’autres effets courants de
guitare, ou essayer différents effets pour des possibilités sonores uniques.
MainStage comprend des modèles de concert conçus pour l’utilisation de guitares.
Parmi ces modèles, vous trouverez des patchs avec des contrôles d’écran de type pédale
que vous pouvez attribuer à un interrupteur au pied, ce qui vous permet de contourner
différents effets dans la tranche de console. Certains patchs vous permettent aussi de
passer d’une tranche de console à l’autre à l’aide d’une pédale expression.
Lorsque vous jouez de la guitare ou d’un autre instrument à faible impédance, vérifiez
qu’il est bien connecté à une entrée audio qui correspond à l’impédance de l’instrument.
Le branchement d’une guitare à une entrée audio de niveau standard peut entraîner un
volume inférieur à ce que vous escomptiez pour la sortie guitare.
Vous pouvez aussi utiliser MainStage avec des voix, ou tout son capturé avec un micro,
à travers l’interface connectée à votre ordinateur et en choisissant un canal d’entrée
audio dans des tranches de console audio de vos patchs.102 Chapitre 8 Représentation en direct avec MainStage
Utilisation du syntoniseur
MainStage comprend un syntoniseur que vous pouvez utiliser pour accorder les guitares
et autres instruments dont vous jouez à travers la tranche de console audio. Il indique la
tonalité sur une échelle circulaire avec le nom de la note et de l’octave en son centre.
Lorsque vous jouez une note sur votre instrument, la tonalité est indiquée en fonction
de la bonne tonalité de la note affichée.
Pour accorder un instrument avec le syntoniseur :
1 Sélectionnez la tranche de console audio sur laquelle est branché l’instrument
que vous voulez accorder.
2 Cliquez sur l’icône Syntoniseur dans la barre d’outils (ou appuyez sur Contrôle + T).
Le syntoniseur apparaît dans l’espace de travail.
3 Jouez une seule note sur votre instrument et regardez l’affichage du syntoniseur.
En jouant, le syntoniseur affiche le nom de la note la plus proche. Si elle n’est pas juste,
son nom et le syntoniseur s’allument en rouge et une barre rouge verticale apparaît
pour indiquer si la note est trop haute ou trop basse.
La barre apparaît sur la droite du nom de la note si elle est trop haute et sur la gauche
si elle est trop basse. Lorsque la note est juste, son nom et le syntoniseur deviennent
bleus et la barre verticale disparaît.
Veillez à ne jouer qu’une seule note à la fois lorsque vous accordez l’instrument.
Le syntoniseur ne peut pas accorder un accord polyphonique ou un intervalle ou
si vous jouez rapidement plusieurs notes différentes. Pour en savoir plus sur le syntoniseur, reportez-vous au manuel Instruments et effets Logic Studio.Chapitre 8 Représentation en direct avec MainStage 103
Conseils pour la configuration complexe de matériel
Il est vivement recommandé de tester votre concert de façon exhaustive en utilisant
la même configuration que vous souhaitez utiliser au moment de la représentation,
sur les lieux si possible. C’est extrêmement important pour les configurations matérielles
complexes.
Utilisation de plusieurs claviers pour une représentation
Si vous avez l’intention d’utiliser plusieurs claviers, vous pouvez choisir si les contrôles
d’écran doivent répondre aux messages MIDI de tous les claviers ou d’un en particulier,
et si les tranches de console reçoivent une entrée de tous les claviers ou d’un seul.
En mode Disposition, les contrôles d’écran peuvent être configurés pour répondre à
l’entrée MIDI sur tous les ports et canaux MIDI ou à un seul appareil ou canal spécifique.
Pour qu’un contrôle d’écran réponde à l’entrée MIDI de tous les claviers, choisissez Tous
dans les menus locaux Périphérique et Canal dans l’inspecteur de disposition. Pour qu’un
contrôle d’écran réponde à un clavier spécifique, choisissez-le dans le menu local Périphérique ou sur le même canal que le contrôle d’écran de clavier.
En mode Édition, vous pouvez définir le matériel à partir duquel une tranche de console
reçoit une entrée MIDI dans la section Plage de notes de l’inspecteur de tranche de
console. Par défaut, les tranches de console reçoivent une entrée du premier contrôleur
de la disposition. Vous pouvez configurer une tranche de console pour qu’elle reçoive
une entrée d’un autre appareil repris dans le menu local Entrée.
Utilisation d’une autre configuration matérielle pour l’interprétation
Si vous utilisez MainStage avec une configuration matérielle complexe, avec plusieurs
contrôleurs ou interfaces par exemple, ou avec plusieurs entrées audio, vous obtiendrez
de meilleurs résultats en utilisant exactement la même configuration matérielle que
lorsque vous avez créé le concert.
Si vous envisagez d’utiliser MainStage avec des contrôleurs, interfaces ou autres
matériels différents de ceux utilisés au moment de la création du concert, vous devrez
refaire l’apprentissage des assignations matérielles avec la configuration matérielle
de la représentation. Dans ce cas, pour vous faciliter le travail, vous pouvez créer deux
dispositions distinctes :l’une pour la configuration studio et l’autre pour la configuration représentation avec les contrôles d’écran correspondants dans chacune des dispositions. Avant la représentation, importez la disposition correspondante dans votre
concert. Les assignations matérielles pour la configuration de la représentation sont
importées avec la disposition et les mappages sont conservés. 105
A Annexe
A Raccourcis clavier
Les tableaux ci-après indiquent les raccourcis clavier de MainStage, regroupés par fonction.
Concerts et dispositions
Patchs et sets (mode Édition)
Raccourci clavier Fonction
Commande + N Nouveau concert
Commande + O Ouvrir un concert
Commande + W Fermer le concert
Commande + S Enregistrer le concert
Commande + Maj + S Enregistrer le concert sous
Commande + Contrôle + O Importer la disposition
Commande + Maj + S Exporter la disposition
Raccourci clavier Fonction
Commande + I Importer des patchs ou des sets
Commande + E Exporter un patch, exporter un set, ou exporter en tant
que set
Commande + Flèche gauche Sélectionner le patch précédent
Commande + Flèche droite Sélectionner le patch suivant
Commande + Flèche vers le haut Sélectionner le set précédent
Commande + Flèche vers le bas Sélectionner le set suivant
Commande + Maj + Option + S Créer un set à partir des patchs sélectionnés106 Annexe A Raccourcis clavier
Édition
Actions
Mappage de paramètres(mode Édition)
Tranches de console (mode Édition)
Raccourci clavier Fonction
Commande + Z Annuler la dernière commande
Commande + Maj + Z Rétablir la dernière commande
Commande + X Couper
Commande + C Copier
Commande + V Coller
Commande + D Dupliquer
Commande + A Tout sélectionner
Raccourci clavier Fonction
Contrôle + P Panique
Contrôle + T Tempo des claquettes (Marquer le tempo)
Contrôle + M Master Silence
Raccourci clavier Fonction
Commande + L Mapper le paramètre sélectionné (activer le mappage)
Commande + F Rechercher dans le navigateur Mappage de paramètres
Commande + G Rechercher de nouveau
Raccourci clavier Fonction
Commande + Option + A Ajouter une tranche de console audio
Commande + Option + I Ajouter une tranche de console d’instrument logicielAnnexe A Raccourcis clavier 107
Contrôles d’écran (mode Disposition)
Fenêtre et présentation
Aide et assistance
Raccourci clavier Fonction
Commande + L Apprendre l’assignation de contrôleur
(activer le processus d’apprentissage)
Commande + Option + G Grouper
Commande + Maj + Option + G Dégrouper
Commande + Maj + L Verrouiller
Commande + Maj + Option + L Déverrouiller
Raccourci clavier Fonction
Commande + 1 Mode Disposition
Commande + 2 Mode Édition
Commande + 3 Mode Exécution
Commande + 4 Mode Plein écran
Commande + 5 Afficher/Masquer les inspecteurs
Commande + 6 Afficher/Masquer la zone Tranches de console
Commande + M Placer dans le Dock
Commande + , (virgule) Ouvrir les préférences MainStage
Raccourci clavier Fonction
Commande + ? (point d’interrogation) Manuel de l’utilisateur de MainStage 109
B Annexe
B Réglage des préférences MainStage
Préférences générales
Ces préférences vous permettent d’accorder les instruments logiciels, de choisir le type
d’ouverture de MainStage, différents réglages de performances graphiques et de définir
si les contrôles d’écran se mettent en surbrillance lorsque leurs paramètres changent.
 Curseur Accord : définit l’accord de tous les instruments logiciels de MainStage.
Il est paramétré autour de 440 Hz, à plus ou moins 100 centièmes.
 Menu local Action de démarrage : choisissez l’action de démarrage qui a lieu lorsque
vous ouvrez MainStage. Les choix sont les suivants :
 Ne rien faire :ouvre la zone de dialogue Sélectionner le modèle pour choisir
un modèle de concert pour en créer un.
 Ouvrir le concert le plus récent :ouvre le dernier concert ouvert dans le même
mode qu’à sa fermeture.
 Ouvrir le concert le plus récent en mode Exécution/Plein écran :ouvre le dernier
concert ouvert dans le mode choisi, à savoir : Exécution ou Plein écran.
 Au lancement, ouvrir le concert en mode Exécution/Plein écran :si vous ouvrez
MainStage en double-cliquant sur un concert dans le Finder, celui-ci s’ouvre dans
le mode choisi, à savoir :Exécution ou Plein écran.
 Menu local Performances graphiques : indiquez le réglage pour une meilleure qualité
graphique ou de meilleures performances graphiques, ou encore Automatique pour
que MainStage sélectionne le réglage approprié selon votre ordinateur. Dans la
plupart des cas, Automatique vous permet d’obtenir des résultats optimaux.
 Case « Mettre en surbrillance les objets dont les valeurs changent » : lorsqu’ils sont
sélectionnés, les contrôles d’écran dans l’espace de travail apparaissent brièvement
en surbrillance lorsque leurs valeurs de paramétrage changent.110 Annexe B Réglage des préférences MainStage
Préférences Audio/MIDI
Ces préférences vous permettent de régler la sortie audio et les gestionnaires d’entrée,
de définir la taille de la mémoire tampon E/S, de définir la fréquence d’échantillonnage
audio et de choisir la note qui s’affiche comme do central.
Audio
 Menu local Sortie audio :choisissez le matériel à utiliser pour écouter la sortie audio
de MainStage.
 Menu local Entrée audio : choisissez l’appareil à utiliser comme source d’entrée audio.
 Menu local Taille buffer E/S :choisissez la taille de la mémoire tampon pour l’entrée et
la sortie audio des échantillons. Réduire cette valeur réduit aussi le temps de latence
mais cela sollicite plus le processeur, ce qui peut occasionner des parasites sonores.
Il est donc conseillé d’essayer plusieurs réglages pour déterminer la plus faible valeur
qui n’engendre aucun parasite.
 Menu local Fréquence d’échantillonnage :choisissez la fréquence d’échantillonnage
de l’entrée audio. Si vous utilisez une interface audio ou tout autre matériel audio
avec MainStage, la fréquence d’échantillonnage doit correspondre à celle de votre
matériel.
 Couper le son du patch précédent :choisissez la durée de tenue des notes et des
queues d’effets avant d’atteindre le silence complet lorsque vous sélectionnez un
nouveau patch.
MIDI
 Menu local « Afficher do central sur » :choisissez si le do central doit être le do 3 ou
le do 4.
 Affichage État MIDI : affiche le nombre d’entrées MIDI détectées. 111
Index
Index
A
Action, menu
de la Liste de patchs22
de la Liste des patchs54, 56
Disposition, mode86
pour la zone Tranches de console62
pour le navigateur Réglages de tranche de
piste60
Actions, dossier68
actions, mappage de contrôles d’écran à des68
aide, à l’écran12
Apple Store14
assignations de contrôleurs32, 88
B
Barre d’outils
boutons38
personnalisation37–39
C
claviers contrôleurs, utilisation8
concert entier
ajout d’effets50
manipulations applicables au47
mappage des contrôles d’écran à48
concerts8, 41
contrôle du volume général48
création à partir d’un modèle25
enregistrement42
fermeture42
ouverture41
contrôles d’écran8, 20
ajout80
ajustement de la tablette85
collage81
copie81
déplacement82
fusion de panneaux et de tablettes84
mappage à des paramètres33, 68
modification de paramètres90
panneau79
redimensionnement83
regroupement86
suppression88
tablette80
types79
utilisation78
verrouillage87
contrôles matériels, assignation88
contrôleurs MIDI, assignation de contrôles88
D
décalage de la vélocité65
Disposition, mode
description21
passage en77
dispositions8
exportation94
importation95
E
Édition, mode10, 22
espace de travail20
Exécution, mode23
passage en36
utilisation98
G
guitares, utilisation avec MainStage9, 101
I
icônes, affichage dans la barre d’outils39
inspecteur de concert22
inspecteur de contrôle d’écran22
inspecteur de disposition21
inspecteur de jeu22
inspecteur de sons22
inspecteur de tranche de console22
intégralité du concert
ajout de tranches de console52
substitution de plages de notes65
intégralité du set, utilisation sur72112 Index
L
Liste des patchs
réagencement des patchs dans55
vue d’ensemble22
Logic Studio, en savoir plus sur13
M
MainStage, aide à l’écran12
Manuel de l’utilisateur12
Mappage de paramètres, navigateur23
Master Silence45
micros, utilisation9
MIDI
filtrage67
transition de messages dans le canal MIDI
Thru94
modèle de concert, choix25
N
navigateur Réglages de tranche de piste
modification des réglages à travers le59
numéros de changement de programme
modification55
sélection de patchs avec100
P
Panique46
patchs8
ajout28
attribution de nom29
changement d’icône56
changement du tempo avec des56
exportation74
importation74
lecture27
modification du numéro de changement de
programme55
réagencement55
sélection27
substitution de plages de notes portant sur un
concert65
suppression56
Personnaliser, feuille38, 39
plage de vélocité65
Plein écran, mode24
passage en36
utilisation98
Q
QuickTime13
R
réglages de tranche de console
modification61
modification des paramètres61
recherche de60
sélection59
réglages de tranche de piste
sélection31
Réglages de tranche de piste, navigateur
vue d’ensemble22
résolution de grille, changement78
S
scissions de clavier
création62
définition d’une plage de notes63
définition de points de scission flottants64
sets
attribution de nom71
changement du tempo avec des71
création70
importation74
suppression72
utilisation de70
sites web
Apple Store14
FireWire13
page d’accueil Apple13
QuickTime13
service et assistance Apple13
sites web d’Apple14
Sites web d’Apple13–14
site web FireWire13
spécifications13
syntoniseur, utilisation102
T
tempo
changement pendant la représentation101
définition pour un patch56
marquage44
récupération de l’entrée MIDI45
utilisation dans un concert43
tranches de console57
ajout29
ajout à un concert entier52
ajout à un set entier72
attribution d’un nouveau nom61
changement de l’icône62
changement de la couleur61
création d’une transformation de contrôleur66
définition de la plage de vélocité65
définition du décalage de la vélocité65
différences avec Logic58
filtrage de messages MIDI67
mappage de contrôles d’écran à des
paramètres68
réinitialisation60
suppression68Index 113
Tranches de console, zone
affichage37
description23
tranches de console du cheminement du signal62
transformation de contrôleur, création66
transformations, création66
U
utilisateurs étudiants13114 Index
Trackpad
Multi-Touch
Finder Dock
MagSafe 2 USB 3
USB 3 Thunderbolt
Vamos começar
Quando você inicia o MacBook Air pela primeira vez, o Assistente de
Configuração abre para lhe ajudar. Basta seguir alguns passos simples para
conectar rapidamente à sua rede Wi-Fi, transferir seus dados a partir de outro
Mac ou PC e criar uma conta de usuário para o seu Mac.
Você também poderá iniciar uma sessão com seu ID Apple para transferir
aplicativos da App Store, fazer compras na iTunes Store e na Apple Online
Store, acessar o iCloud e fazer videoconferências com o FaceTime. Se você
não possui um ID Apple, pode criar um facilmente e gratuitamente.
Gestos Multi-Touch
Você pode fazer muitas coisas no MacBook Air usando gestos simples no
trackpad. Aqui estão alguns dos gestos mais populares.
Conheça a sua mesa
A Mesa é onde você encontra e faz tudo em seu Mac. O Dock, na parte
inferior da tela, é um lugar prático para acessar os aplicativos mais usados.
Também é onde você abre as Preferências do Sistema, que permitem
personalizar a Mesa e outros ajustes do seu Mac. Clique no ícone do Finder
para acessar rapidamente todos os seus arquivos e pastas. A barra de menus
no topo da tela possui diversas informações importantes sobre o seu Mac.
Para verificar o estado da sua conexão à Internet sem fio, clique no ícone de
Wi-Fi. O seu Mac se conecta automaticamente à rede que você escolheu
durante a configuração.
Olá.
Conector de alimentação
MagSafe 2
Adaptador
de alimentação
Cabo de
alimentação CA
Botão
de Força
iCloud
O iCloud armazena suas músicas, fotos, e-mails e muito mais. E ele envia os
documentos (sem fio) para seu Mac, iPad, iPhone, iPod touch e até mesmo
para seu PC. Ele faz isso sem ter que utilizar a base de conexão ou a
sincronização. Assim, quando você compra uma música em um dispositivo,
ela é transferida automaticamente para todos os seus outros dispositivos.
E com o serviço Compartilhar Fotos, suas fotos mais recentes aparecem em
todo lugar onde queira vê-las. Para personalizar os ajustes do iCloud, abra o
menu Apple, selecione as Preferências do Sistema e, em seguida, clique em
iCloud. Depois inicie a sessão com o seu ID Apple e escolha os recursos do
iCloud que deseja usar.
Uma nota importante
Leia este documento e as informações de segurança do Manual de
Informações Importantes do Produto cuidadosamente antes de usar o
computador pela primeira vez.
Mais informações
Você pode encontrar mais informações, assistir a demonstrações e aprender
muito mais sobre os recursos do MacBook Air em www.apple.com/br/
macbookair.
Ajuda
Quase sempre você pode encontrar respostas às suas perguntas, bem como
instruções e informações sobre solução de problemas, na Central de Ajuda.
Clique no ícone do Finder, depois clique em Ajuda na barra de menus e
escolha Central de Ajuda.
Utilitários do Mac OS X
Se você tiver algum problema com o seu Mac, os Utilitários do Mac OS X
poderão ajudá-lo a reparar o armazenamento em memória flash do
computador, a restaurar o software e os dados a partir de um backup do
Time Machine ou a apagar o armazenamento na memória flash e reinstalar
o OS X Lion e os aplicativos da Apple. Você também pode usar o Safari para
obter ajuda on-line. Se o seu Mac detectar um problema, ele abre os
Utilitários do Mac OS X automaticamente. Ou você pode abri-lo manualmente
reiniciando o seu computador enquanto mantém pressionadas as teclas
Comando e R.
Suporte
Seu MacBook Air é fornecido com 90 dias de garantia para suporte técnico e
um ano de cobertura de garantia para reparações de hardware, que podem
ser solicitadas em uma loja de varejo Apple ou em um fornecedor de serviços
autorizado Apple. Visite www.apple.com/br/support/macbookair para obter
suporte técnico para o MacBook Air. Ou ligue para 0800-761-0880.
www.apple.com/support/country
Nem todos os recursos estão disponíveis em todas as áreas.
TM e © 2012 Apple Inc. Todos os direitos reservados. Designed by Apple in California. Printed in XXXX.
BR034-6354-A
Plugue de CA
Menu
Ajuda
Barra de
menus
Preferências
do Sistema
Guia de Início Rápido
Vamos nos mudar
É fácil mover arquivos como documentos, e-mails, fotos, músicas e filmes para
o seu novo Mac, a partir de outro Mac ou de um PC. Na primeira vez em que
você iniciar o Mac, ele lhe guiará passo a passo pelo processo. Você apenas
tem que seguir as instruções da tela.
Bem-vindo ao seu novo MacBook Air. Gostaríamos de ser o seu guia.
Câmera HD FaceTime
Estado
da Wi-Fi
Fone de ouvido
Clique
Pressione em qualquer lugar do trackpad
para clicar. Ou, com a função Tocar para
Clicar ativada, basta tocar na superfície.
Clique secundário
(clique com o botão direito do mouse)
Clique com dois dedos para abrir os menus
de atalhos. Ou, com a função Tocar para Clicar
ativada, toque com dois dedos em qualquer lugar.
Passe os dedos para navegar
Passe dois dedos para virar as páginas
da web, de documentos e mais.
Clique duplo
Pressione duas vezes em qualquer lugar do
trackpad. Ou, com a função Tocar para Clicar
ativada, toque duas vezes na superfície.
Rolagem com dois dedos
Passe dois dedos pelo trackpad para rolar
em qualquer direção - para cima, para baixo
ou lateralmente.
Zoom inteligente
Toque duas vezes no trackpad com dois
dedos para ampliar rapidamente uma
página web.
Junte ou separe dois dedos para
reduzir ou ampliar
Amplie e reduza fotos e páginas web
de forma precisa unindo ou separando
os dedos polegar e indicador.
Alterne entre aplicativos de tela cheia
Passe três dedos para mover de um
aplicativo de tela cheia para outro.
Visualize o Launchpad
Junte quatro dedos para visualizar todos
os seus aplicativos no Launchpad.
Gire
Gire os dedos polegar e indicador no
sentido horário ou anti-horário para
girar uma imagem.
Visualize o Mission Control
Passe três dedos para cima para ver
todas as janelas abertas do seu Mac.
Mais informações
Escolha as Preferências do Sistema no Menu
Apple e clique em Trackpad para obter mais
informações sobre os gestos. Launchpad Mission Control Navegador Safari Mail iTunes iCal FaceTime iPhoto iMovie Mac App Store
*Requer um dispositivo ativado para o FaceTime tanto para a pessoa que realiza a ligação, quanto para o destinatário.
Não está disponível em todas as áreas.
Clique no ícone no Dock e navegue
pela web com facilidade e rapidez
usando os gestos Multi-Touch. Role
para cima ou para baixo com dois
dedos no trackpad. Passe dois dedos
para a direita ou para a esquerda no
trackpad para avançar e retroceder
Top Sites
Obtenha um panorama
geral dos sites que você
visita com maior frequência.
E-mail em um só lugar
Visualize todas as suas contas
no Mail para acessá-las com
um único clique.
Visualização de conversa
Visualize todas os e-mails
do encadeamento de
uma conversa.
Busque
Faça uma busca precisa
e rápida para encontrar
exatamente o que deseja.
O Mail permite que você gerencie
suas contas de e-mail a partir de
uma caixa de entrada única, livre
de anúncios, mesmo quando não
estiver conectado à Internet. Ele
funciona com a maioria dos padrões
de e-mail, incluindo POP3, IMAP e
serviços populares como Gmail,
nas páginas. Toque duas vezes
com dois dedos para ampliar
uma página e depois toque duas
vezes novamente para retornar ao
tamanho original. Ou junte e separe
dois dedos para ampliar ou reduzir.
Yahoo! Mail e AOL Mail. Você
também pode usar o Mail com a
conta de e-mail gratuita do me.com
que você obtém com o iCloud. Na
primeira vez que você iniciar o Mail,
o Assistente de Configuração o
ajudará a começar.
Abra o Launchpad
Clique no ícone do
Launchpad no Dock.
Pastas
Agrupe aplicativos em
pastas arrastando um
aplicativo sobre outro.
O Launchpad é a casa de todos os
aplicativos do seu Mac. Basta clicar
no ícone do Launchpad no Dock.
Suas janelas abertas serão
substituídas por uma tela cheia
de todos os seus aplicativos.
Organize seus aplicativos da forma
que quiser, agrupe-os em pastas
ou apague-os do seu Mac. Quando
você transferir um aplicativo da
Mac App Store, ele aparecerá
automatica-mente no Launchpad.
O Mission Control lhe dá uma visão
geral de tudo o que está sendo
executado no seu Mac. Clique no
ícone do Mission Control no Dock
e a sua mesa se reduzirá para exibir
todas as janelas abertas de cada
aplicativo, todos os aplicativos em
tela cheia e o Dashboard, a casa dos
mini-aplicativos chamados widgets.
Clique em qualquer coisa para
ampliá-la. Pense no Mission Control
como o centro do seu sistema -
visualize tudo e dirija-se a qualquer
lugar com apenas um clique.
Abra o Mission Control
Clique no ícone do
Mission Control no Dock.
Adicione spaces
Clique no botão + à direita
da linha superior para
adicionar um novo space.
Dashboard
Localizado na parte
superior esquerda
para acessá-lo
facilmente.
Lista de Leitura
Clique no ícone dos óculos
para salvar páginas para uma
leitura posterior.
A Mac App Store é a melhor maneira
de encontrar e transferir milhares de
aplicativos para o seu Mac, desde
jogos e redes sociais, até aplicativos
de produtividades e muito mais. Os
aplicativos novos se instalam com
um passo no Launchpad. Você pode
instalar aplicativos em cada Mac
autorizado para o seu uso pessoal
e até transferi-los novamente.
A Mac App Store permite que você
saiba quando as atualizações dos
aplicativos estão disponíveis, assim
você sempre possuirá as versões
mais recentes. Abra a Mac App Store
clicando no seu ícone do Dock.
Com o iTunes, você pode organizar
e reproduzir seus vídeos e músicas
digitais no seu Mac. E você pode
comprar novas músicas, filmes,
programas de TV, livros e muito mais
na iTunes Store. No iTunes você
também encontrará a App Store
para iPad, iPhone e iPod touch.
iTunes Store
Descubra e compre novas
músicas, filmes e mais.
Seleções Genius
Deixe que o iTunes busque
na sua biblioteca musical e
agrupe músicas que
combinem melhor entre si.
Vários calendários
Acesse todos os seus
calendário a partir de um lugar.
Controle sua ocupada programação
com o iCal. Você pode criar
calendários separados para a casa,
para a escola e outro para o trabalho.
Visualize todos os seus calendários
em uma única janela ou escolha
visualizar somente os calendários
que deseja. Crie e envie convites
usando as informações de contato
da sua Agenda e depois veja quem
respondeu. Utilize o iCloud para
atualizar calendários de todos os
seus dispositivos automaticamente
ou compartilhe calendários com
outros usuários do iCloud.
Crie
Crie livros, cartões
e calendários.
Rostos
O iPhoto pode organizar
suas fotos com base nas
pessoas que aparecem nela.
Eventos
Clique duas vezes em
qualquer Evento para
navegar pelas fotos.
O iPhoto é a melhor maneira de
organizar, navegar, editar e
compartilhar suas fotos no seu Mac.
Você pode organizar sua fototeca por
Rostos, Lugares e Eventos. Para enviar
fotos por e-mail ou publicá-las no
Facebook, basta selecionar a foto
e clicar em Compartilhar na parte
inferior direita da sua tela. Ou clique
em Criar para transformar seus
retratos favoritos em livros de
fotos, calendários e cartões.
Navegador de eventos
Seus vídeos importados
aparecem aqui, assim
você pode acessar todos
os seus clipes.
Navegador de projetos
Simplesmente solte a sua
seleção em um projeto para
criar um filme incrível.
O iMovie reúne todos os seus clipes
de vídeo em um só lugar e oferece
todas as ferramentas de edição,
temas e efeitos especiais necessários
para transformá-los em algo especial.
Você pode criar filmes belíssimos ou
até mesmo trailers no estilo de
Hollywood com apenas alguns
cliques. E o iMovie permite que você
importe vídeos das câmeras de
vídeo digital mais populares, do seu
iPad, iPhone ou iPod touch ou da
câmera do FaceTime do seu Mac.
O FaceTime para Mac permite
que você converse cara a cara com
qualquer pessoa em um iPad, iPhone,
iPod touch ou Mac - a partir do seu
Mac.* Para configurar o FaceTime,
você só precisa do seu ID Apple
e do seu e-mail. Para iniciar uma
videoconferência, basta clicar em
uma entrada da lista de contatos
da sua Agenda.
Favoritos
Adicione seus contatos
frequentes aos Favoritos
para acessá-los facilmente.
Visualização de
calendário
Selecione a visualização
que preferir - por dia,
semana, mês ou ano.
Visualização de tela cheia
Clique no botão tela cheia
para ir à tela cheia.
Sempre atualizado
As atualizações dos seus
aplicativos comprados
aparecem automaticamente.
Adicione um
evento
Clique duas vezes
para criar um
evento novo.
Descubra novos aplicativos
Navegue por milhares de
aplicativos e transfira-os
diretamente para o Launchpad.
Important Product
Information Guide
MacBook Prosure the AC plug or AC power cord is fully inserted into
the power adapter before plugging the adapter into a
power outlet.
The power adapter may become very warm during normal
use. The MagSafe Power Adapter complies with the
user-accessible surface temperature limits defined by the
International Standard for Safety of Information Technology
Equipment (IEC 60950-1).
To reduce the possibility of overheating the power adapter or
of heat-related injuries, do one of the following:
 Plug the power adapter directly into a power outlet.
AC plug MagSafe connector
MagSafe Power Adapter
 If you’re using the AC power cord, place the power adapter
on a desk, table, or on the floor in a well-ventilated
location.
MagSafe connector
MagSafe Power Adapter
AC power cord
Disconnect the power adapter and disconnect any other
cables if any of the following conditions exists:
 You want to clean the case (use only the recommended
procedure described on the next page).
 The power cord or plug becomes frayed or otherwise
damaged.
 Your MacBook Pro or power adapter is exposed to rain,
excessive moisture, or liquid spilled into the case.
 Your MacBook Pro or power adapter has been dropped,
the case has been damaged, or you suspect that service
or repair is required.
The MagSafe power port (where you plug in the MagSafe
connector) contains a magnet that can erase data on a
credit card, iPod, or other device. To preserve your data, do
not place these or other magnetically sensitive material or
devices within 1 inch (25 mm) of this port.
If debris gets into the MagSafe power port, remove it gently
with a dry cotton swab.
MagSafe power specifications:
Frequency: 50 to 60 Hz, single phase
Line Voltage: 100 to 240 V
Output Voltage: 16.5 V DC, 3.65 A
This Important Product Information Guide contains safety,
handling, disposal and recycling, regulatory, and software
license information, as well as the one-year limited warranty
for your 13-inch MacBook Pro.
±Read all safety information and operating
instructions below before using MacBook Pro to
avoid injury. For a downloadable version of the
MacBook Pro Quick Start guide and the latest
version of this Important Product Information Guide,
visit: support.apple.com/manuals/macbookpro
Important Safety and Handling
Information
WARNING:??Failure to follow these safety instructions could
result in fire, electric shock, or other injury or damage to
MacBook Pro or other property.
Built-in battery Do not remove the battery from your
MacBook Pro. The battery should be replaced only by an
Apple Authorized Service Provider. Discontinue use of
your MacBook Pro if it’s dropped or appears crushed, bent,
deformed, or damaged. Do not expose your MacBook Pro to
extreme heat sources, such as radiators or fireplaces, where
temperatures might exceed 212°F (100°C).
Proper handling The bottom of your MacBook Pro may
become very warm during normal use. The MacBook Pro
complies with the user-accessible surface temperature
limits defined by the International Standard for Safety of
Information Technology Equipment (IEC 60950-1).
To operate the computer safely and reduce the possibility of
heat-related injuries, follow these guidelines:
 Set up your MacBook Pro on a stable work surface that
allows for adequate air circulation under and around
the computer.
 Do not operate your MacBook Pro on a pillow, blanket,
or other soft material, because the material can block the
airflow vents.
 Never place anything over the keyboard when operating
your MacBook Pro.
 Do not push objects into the ventilation openings.
 If your MacBook Pro is on your lap and gets uncomfortably
warm, remove it from your lap and place it on a stable
work surface.
Water and wet locations Keep your MacBook Pro away
from sources of liquid, such as drinks, washbasins, bathtubs,
shower stalls, and so on. Protect your MacBook Pro from
dampness or wet weather, such as rain, snow, and fog.
60W MagSafe Power Adapter Use only the power adapter
that came with your MacBook Pro, or an Apple-authorized
power adapter that is compatible with this product. Make openings. Do not spray liquid directly on the computer.
Do not use aerosol sprays, solvents, or abrasives that might
damage the finish.
Cleaning the MacBook Pro screen To clean your
MacBook Pro screen, first shut down your MacBook Pro
and unplug the power adapter. Then dampen the included
cleaning cloth with just water and wipe the screen. Do not
spray liquid directly on the screen.
Understanding Ergonomics
Here are some tips for setting up a healthy work
environment.
Keyboard and Trackpad
When you use the keyboard and trackpad, your shoulders
should be relaxed. Your upper arm and forearm should form
an angle that is slightly greater than a right angle, with your
wrist and hand in roughly a straight line.
This Not this
Use a light touch when typing or using the trackpad and
keep your hands and fingers relaxed. Avoid rolling your
thumbs under your palms.
This Not this
Change hand positions often to avoid fatigue. Some
computer users might develop discomfort in their hands,
wrists, or arms after intensive work without breaks. If you
begin to develop chronic pain or discomfort in your hands,
wrists, or arms, consult a qualified health specialist.
External Mouse
If you use an external mouse, position the mouse at the same
height as the keyboard and within a comfortable reach.
Chair
An adjustable chair that provides firm, comfortable support
is best. Adjust the height of the chair so your thighs are
horizontal and your feet are flat on the floor. The back of the
chair should support your lower back (lumbar region). Follow
the manufacturer’s instructions for adjusting the backrest to
fit your body properly.
Hearing damage Permanent hearing loss may occur if
earbuds or headphones are used at high volume. You can
adapt over time to a higher volume of sound that may
sound normal but can be damaging to your hearing.
If you experience ringing in your ears or muffled speech,
stop listening and have your hearing checked. The louder
the volume, the less time is required before your hearing
could be affected. Hearing experts suggest that to protect
your hearing:
 Limit the amount of time you use earbuds or headphones
at high volume.
 Avoid turning up the volume to block out noisy
surroundings.
 Turn the volume down if you can’t hear people speaking
near you.
High-risk activities This computer is not intended for use
in the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or
communications systems, air traffic control systems, or for any
other uses where a failure of the computer system could lead
to death, personal injury, or severe environmental damage.
Operating environment Operating your MacBook Pro
outside these ranges may affect performance:
Operating temperature: 50° to 95° F (10° to 35° C)
Storage temperature: -4° to 113° F (-20° to 45° C)
Relative humidity: 5% to 90% (noncondensing)
Operating altitude: 0 to 10,000 feet (0 to 3048 meters)
Carrying your MacBook Pro If you carry your MacBook Pro
in a bag or briefcase, make sure that there are no loose
items (such as paper clips or coins) that could accidentally
get inside the computer through vent openings or get stuck
inside a port. Also, keep magnetically sensitive items away
from the MagSafe power port.
Using connectors and ports Never force a connector into
a port. When connecting a device, make sure the port is
free of debris, that the connector matches the port, and
that you have positioned the connector correctly in relation
to the port.
Handling glass parts Your MacBook Pro contains glass
components, including the display and trackpad. If they
are damaged, don’t use your MacBook Pro until it has been
repaired by an Apple Authorized Service Provider.
Storing your MacBook Pro If you are going to store your
MacBook Pro for an extended period of time, keep it in a cool
location (ideally, 71° F or 22° C) and discharge the battery to
50 percent. When storing your computer for longer than five
months, discharge the battery to approximately 50 percent.
To maintain the capacity of the battery, recharge the battery
to 50 percent every six months or so.
Cleaning your MacBook Pro When cleaning the outside
of your MacBook Pro and its components, first shut down
your MacBook Pro, and then unplug the power adapter.
Then dampen the included cleaning cloth to wipe the
MacBook Pro exterior. Avoid getting moisture in any Apple Hardware Test
You can use the Apple Hardware Test (AHT) application
to help determine if there’s a problem with one of the
computer’s components, such as the memory or processor.
To use Apple Hardware Test: Disconnect all external devices
from your computer except the power adapter. Restart your
computer and hold down the D key as it starts up. When the
AHT chooser screen appears, select the language for your
location. Press the Return key or click the right arrow button.
When the AHT main screen appears (after about 45 seconds),
follow the onscreen instructions. If AHT detects a problem, it
displays an error code. Make a note of the error code before
pursuing support options. If AHT doesn’t detect a hardware
failure, the problem might be software related.
AppleCare Service and Support
Your MacBook Pro comes with 90 days of technical support
and one year of hardware repair warranty coverage at an
Apple Retail Store or an Apple-authorized repair center, such
as an Apple Authorized Service Provider. You can extend
your coverage by purchasing the AppleCare Protection Plan.
For information, visit www.apple.com/support/products
or visit the website address for your country listed later in
this section.
If you need assistance, AppleCare telephone support
representatives can help you with installing and opening
applications, and troubleshooting. Call the support center
number nearest you (the first 90 days are complimentary).
Have the purchase date and your MacBook Pro serial number
ready when you call.
Your 90 days of complimentary telephone support begins on
the date of purchase.
United States: 1-800-275-2273
www.apple.com/support
Australia: (61) 1-300-321-456
www.apple.com/au/support
Canada: 1-800-263-3394
(English) www.apple.com/ca/support
(French) www.apple.com/ca/fr/support
Ireland: (353) 1850 946 191
www.apple.com/ie/support
New Zealand: 00800-7666-7666
www.apple.com/nz/support
United Kingdom: (44) 0844 209 0611
www.apple.com/uk/support
Telephone numbers are subject to change, and local and
national telephone rates may apply. A complete list is
available on the web:
www.apple.com/support/contact/phone_contacts.html
You might have to raise your chair so that your forearms and
hands are at the proper angle to the keyboard. If this makes
it impossible to rest your feet flat on the floor, you can use
a footrest with adjustable height and tilt to make up for any
gap between the floor and your feet. Or you can lower the
desktop to eliminate the need for a footrest. Another option
is to use a desk with a keyboard tray that’s lower than the
regular work surface.
Built-In Display
Adjust the angle of the display to minimize glare and
reflections from overhead lights and windows. Do not force
the display if you meet resistance. The display is not designed
to open past 135 degrees.
You can adjust the brightness of the screen when you take
the computer from one work location to another, or if the
lighting in your work area changes.
More information about ergonomics is available on the web:
www.apple.com/about/ergonomics
Apple and the Environment
Apple Inc. recognizes its responsibility to minimize the
environmental impacts of its operations and products.
More information is available on the web:
www.apple.com/environment
Learning More, Service, and Support
Your MacBook Pro does not have any user-serviceable parts,
except the hard drive and memory. If you need service,
contact Apple or take your MacBook Pro to an Apple
Authorized Service Provider. You can find more information
about your MacBook Pro through Help Center, online
resources, System Information, and Apple Hardware Test.
Help Center
You can often find answers to your questions, as well as
instructions and troubleshooting information, in Help Center
on your Mac. Choose Help > Help Center from the menu bar.
Online Resources
For online service and support information, go to
www.apple.com/support and choose your country from the
pop-up menu. You can search the AppleCare Knowledge
Base, check for software updates, or get help from Apple’s
discussion forums.
System Information
To get information about your MacBook Pro, use System
Information. It shows you what hardware and software is
installed, the serial number and operating system version,
how much memory is installed, and more. To open System
Information, choose Apple (?) > About This Mac from the
menu bar and then click More Info.causing interference to radios, television sets, and other
electronic devices.
Responsible party (contact for FCC matters only):
Apple Inc. Corporate Compliance
1 Infinite Loop, MS 91-1EMC
Cupertino, CA 95014
Wireless Radio Use
This device is restricted to indoor use when operating in the
5.15 to 5.25 GHz frequency band.
Cet appareil doit être utilisé à l’intérieur.
Exposure to Radio Frequency Energy
The radiated output power of the AirPort Extreme
technology is below the FCC and EU radio frequency
exposure limits. Nevertheless, it is advised to use the wireless
equipment in such a manner that the potential for human
contact during normal operation is minimized.
FCC Bluetooth® Wireless Compliance
The antenna used with this transmitter must not be
colocated or operated in conjunction with any other antenna
or transmitter subject to the conditions of the FCC Grant.
Canadian Compliance Statement
This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt
RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference,
and (2) this device must accept any interference, including
interference that may cause undesired operation of the
device.
Cet appareil est conforme aux normes CNR exemptes de
licence d’Industrie Canada. Le fonctionnement est soumis
aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) cet appareil ne doit
pas provoquer d’interférences et (2) cet appareil doit
accepter toute interférence, y compris celles susceptibles de
provoquer un fonctionnement non souhaité de l’appareil.
Bluetooth Industry Canada Statement
This Class B device meets all requirements of the Canadian
interference-causing equipment regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la Class B respecte toutes les
exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.
Industry Canada Statement
Complies with the Canadian ICES-003 Class B specifications.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la
norme NMB-003 du Canada. This device complies with RSS
210 of Industry Canada.
Regulatory Compliance Information
FCC Compliance Statement
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation
is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device
may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must
accept any interference received, including interference
that may cause undesired operation. See instructions if
interference to radio or television reception is suspected.
Radio and Television Interference
This computer equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and
used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s
instructions—it may cause interference with radio and
television reception.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with
the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the
specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications
are designed to provide reasonable protection against such
interference in a residential installation. However, there is
no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation.
You can determine whether your computer system is causing
interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was
probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral
devices.
If your computer system does cause interference to radio or
television reception, try to correct the interference by using
one or more of the following measures:
 Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference
stops.
 Move the computer to one side or the other of the
television or radio.
 Move the computer farther away from the television
or radio.
 Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different
circuit from the television or radio. (That is, make certain
the computer and the television or radio are on circuits
controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)
If necessary, consult an Apple Authorized Service Provider or
Apple. See the service and support information that came
with your Apple product. Or consult an experienced radio/
television technician for additional suggestions.
Important: Changes or modifications to this product not
authorized by Apple Inc. could void the EMC compliance and
negate your authority to operate the product.
This product has demonstrated EMC compliance under
conditions that included the use of compliant peripheral
devices and shielded cables (including Ethernet network
cables) between system components. It is important that
you use compliant peripheral devices and shielded cables
between system components to reduce the possibility of Magyar Alulírott, Apple Inc. nyilatkozom, hogy
a MacBook Pro megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ
követelményeknek és az 1999/5/EC irányelv egyéb
elõírásainak.
Malti Hawnhekk, Apple Inc., jiddikjara li dan MacBook Pro
jikkonforma mal-htigijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti
ohrajn relevanti li hemm fid-Dirrettiva 1999/5/EC.
Nederlands Hierbij verklaart Apple Inc. dat het toestel
MacBook Pro in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen
en de andere bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EG.
Norsk Apple Inc. erklærer herved at dette MacBook Pro
-apparatet er i samsvar med de grunnleggende kravene og
øvrige relevante krav i EU-direktivet 1999/5/EF.
Polski Niniejszym Apple Inc. oswiadcza, ze ten MacBook Pro
sa zgodne z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostalymi
stosownymi postanowieniami Dyrektywy 1999/5/EC.
Português Apple Inc. declara que este dispositivo
MacBook Pro está em conformidade com os requisitos
essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva 1999/5/CE.
Româna Prin prezenta, Apple Inc. declara ca acest aparat
MacBook Pro este în conformitate cu cerintele esentiale si cu
celelalte prevederi relevante ale Directivei 1999/5/CE.
Slovensko Apple Inc. izjavlja, da je ta MacBook Pro skladne
z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi ustreznimi dolocili
direktive 1999/5/ES.
Slovensky Apple Inc. týmto vyhlasuje, že toto MacBook Pro
splna základné požiadavky a všetky príslušné ustanovenia
Smernice 1999/5/ES.
Suomi Apple Inc. vakuuttaa täten, että tämä MacBook Pro
tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten
vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen
mukainen.
Svenska Härmed intygar Apple Inc. att denna MacBook Pro
står i överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav
och övriga relevanta bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv
1999/5/EG.
A copy of the EU Declaration of Conformity is available at:
www.apple.com/euro/compliance
This equipment can be used in the following countries:
European Community Restrictions
Français Pour usage en intérieur uniquement. Consultez
l’Autorité de Régulation des Communications Electroniques
et des Postes (ARCEP) pour connaître les limites d’utilisation
des canaux 1 à 13. www.arcep.fr
European Compliance Statement
This product complies with the requirements of European
Directives 2006/95/EC, 2004/108/EC, and 1999/5/EC.
Europe–EU Declaration of Conformity
????????? Apple Inc. ?????????, ?? ???? MacBook Pro ?
? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ? ???????
????????? ??????? ?? ????????? 1999/5/??.
Cesky Spolecnost Apple Inc. tímto prohlašuje, že tento
MacBook Pro je ve shode se základními požadavky a dalšími
príslušnými ustanoveními smernice 1999/5/ES.
Dansk Undertegnede Apple Inc. erklærer herved, at
følgende udstyr MacBook Pro overholder de væsentlige
krav og øvrige relevante krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF.
Deutsch Hiermit erklärt Apple Inc., dass sich das
MacBook Pro in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden
Anforderungen und den übrigen einschlägigen
Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 1999/5/EG befinden.
Eesti Käesolevaga kinnitab Apple Inc., et see MacBook Pro
vastab direktiivi 1999/5/EÜ põhinõuetele ja nimetatud
direktiivist tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele.
English Hereby, Apple Inc. declares that this MacBook Pro
is in compliance with the essential requirements and other
relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.
Español Por medio de la presente Apple Inc. declara que
este MacBook Pro cumple con los requisitos esenciales y
cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la
Directiva 1999/5/CE.
???????? Me t?? pa???sa, ? Apple Inc. d????e? ?t? a?t?
? s?s?e?? MacBook Pro s?µµ??f??eta? p??? t?? ßas????
apa?t?se?? ?a? t?? ???p?? s?et???? d?ata´?e?? t?? ?d???a?
1999/5/??.
Français Par la présente Apple Inc. déclare que l’appareil
MacBook Pro est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux
autres dispositions pertinentes de la directive 1999/5/CE.
Islenska Apple Inc. lýsir því hér með yfir að þetta tæki
MacBook Pro fullnægir lágmarkskröfum og öðrum
viðeigandi ákvæðum Evróputilskipunar 1999/5/EC.
Italiano Con la presente Apple Inc. dichiara che questo
dispositivo MacBook Pro è conforme ai requisiti essenziali
ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva
1999/5/CE.
Latviski Ar šo Apple Inc. deklare, ka MacBook Pro ierice
atbilst Direktivas 1999/5/EK butiskajam prasibam un citiem
ar to saistitajiem noteikumiem.
Lietuviu Šiuo „Apple Inc.“ deklaruoja, kad šis MacBook Pro
atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 1999/5/EB Direktyvos
nuostatas.Japan VCCI Class B Statement
Russia
External USB Modem Information
When connecting your MacBook Pro to the phone line using
an external USB modem, refer to the telecommunications
agency information in the documentation that came with
your modem.
ENERGY STAR® Compliance
As an ENERGY STAR® partner, Apple has determined that
standard configurations of this product meet the ENERGY
STAR® guidelines for energy efficiency. The ENERGY STAR®
program is a partnership with electronic equipment
manufacturers to promote energy-efficient products.
Reducing energy consumption of products saves money and
helps conserve valuable resources.
This computer is shipped with power management enabled
with the computer set to sleep after 10 minutes of user
inactivity. To wake your computer, click the mouse or
trackpad button or press any key on the keyboard.
For more information about ENERGY STAR®, visit:
www.energystar.gov
Korea Warning Statements
B???(??????????)
???????(B?) ???????????
????????????????, ???
???????????.
????????????
????????????????????
????????????????????????
???? ?? ? ??
Singapore Wireless Certification
Taiwan Wireless Statements
Taiwan Class B Statement
??
?????????????????
???????????????China Battery Statement
Taiwan Battery Statement
Battery Replacement
The rechargeable battery should be replaced only by
Apple or an Apple Authorized Service Provider. For more
information about battery replacement services, go to:
http://www.apple.com/batteries/replacements.html
Battery Charger Efficiency
020-5563-A
EFUP15china
Disposal and Recycling Information
This symbol indicates that your product must be disposed of
properly according to local laws and regulations. When your
product reaches its end of life, contact Apple or your local
authorities to learn about recycling options.
For information about Apple’s recycling program, go to:
www.apple.com/recycling
European Union—Disposal Information
The symbol above means that according to local laws and
regulations your product should be disposed of separately
from household waste. When this product reaches its end
of life, take it to a collection point designated by local
authorities. Some collection points accept products for free.
The separate collection and recycling of your product at the
time of disposal will help conserve natural resources and
ensure that it is recycled in a manner that protects human
health and the environment.
Türkiye
EEE yönetmeligine (Elektrikli ve Elektronik Esyalarda Bazi
Zararli Maddelerin Kullaniminin Sinirlandirilmasina Dair
Yönetmelik) uygundur.
Brasil—Informações sobre descarte e reciclagem
O símbolo acima indica que este produto e/ou sua bateria
não devem ser descartadas no lixo doméstico. Quando
decidir descartar este produto e/ou sua bateria, faça-o
de acordo com as leis e diretrizes ambientais locais. Para
informações sobre o programa de reciclagem da Apple,
pontos de coleta e telefone de informações, visite
www.apple.com/br/environment.
Battery Disposal Information
Dispose of batteries according to your local environmental
laws and guidelines.
Deutschland: Dieses Gerät enthält Batterien. Bitte nicht
in den Hausmüll werfen. Entsorgen Sie dieses Gerät am
Ende seines Lebenszyklus entsprechend der maßgeblichen
gesetzlichen Regelungen.
Nederlands: Gebruikte batterijen kunnen worden ingeleverd
bij de chemokar of in een speciale batterijcontainer voor
klein chemisch afval (kca) worden gedeponeerd.the operation of the Apple Product will be uninterrupted
or error-free. Apple is not responsible for damage arising
from failure to follow instructions relating to the Apple
Product’s use.
This warranty does not apply: (a) to consumable parts,
such as batteries, unless failure has occurred due to
a defect in materials or workmanship; (b) to cosmetic
damage, including but not limited to scratches, dents
and broken plastic on ports; (c) to damage caused by use
with another product; (d) to damage caused by accident,
abuse, misuse, liquid contact, fire, earthquake or other
external cause; (e) to damage caused by operating the
Apple Product outside Apple’s published guidelines;
(f) to damage caused by service (including upgrades
and expansions) performed by anyone who is not a
representative of Apple or an Apple Authorized Service
Provider (“AASP”); (g) to an Apple Product that has been
modified to alter functionality or capability without the
written permission of Apple; (h) to defects caused by
normal wear and tear or otherwise due to the normal aging
of the Apple Product, or (i) if any serial number has been
removed or defaced from the Apple Product.
YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES IF YOUR APPLE PRODUCT IS
CAPABLE OF STORING SOFTWARE PROGRAMS, DATA AND
OTHER INFORMATION, YOU SHOULD MAKE PERIODIC BACKUP
COPIES OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THE STORAGE
MEDIA TO PROTECT THE CONTENTS AND AS A PRECAUTION
AGAINST POSSIBLE OPERATIONAL FAILURES.
Before receiving warranty service, Apple or its agents may
require that you furnish proof of purchase details, respond to
questions designed to assist with diagnosing potential issues
and follow Apple’s procedures for obtaining warranty service.
Before submitting your Apple Product for warranty service
you should maintain a separate backup copy of the contents
of its storage media, remove all personal information that
you want to protect and disable all security passwords.
DURING WARRANTY SERVICE IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THE
CONTENTS OF THE APPLE PRODUCT’S STORAGE MEDIA
WILL BE LOST, REPLACED OR REFORMATTED. IN SUCH AN
EVENT APPLE AND ITS AGENTS ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR
ANY LOSS OF SOFTWARE PROGRAMS, DATA OR OTHER
INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THE STORAGE MEDIA OR ANY
OTHER PART OF THE APPLE PRODUCT SERVICED.
Following warranty service your Apple Product or a
replacement product will be returned to you as your Apple
Product was configured when originally purchased, subject
to applicable updates. You will be responsible for reinstalling
all other software programs, data and information. Recovery
and reinstallation of other software programs, data and
information are not covered under this warranty.
Software License Agreement
Use of MacBook Pro constitutes acceptance of the Apple
and third-party software license terms found at:
www.apple.com/legal/sla
Apple One (1) Year Limited Warranty - Mac
For Apple Branded Products Only
HOW CONSUMER LAW RELATES TO THIS WARRANTY THIS
WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, AND YOU
MAY HAVE OTHER RIGHTS THAT VARY FROM STATE TO STATE
(OR BY COUNTRY OR PROVINCE). OTHER THAN AS PERMITTED
BY LAW, APPLE DOES NOT EXCLUDE, LIMIT OR SUSPEND
OTHER RIGHTS YOU MAY HAVE, INCLUDING THOSE THAT MAY
ARISE FROM THE NONCONFORMITY OF A SALES CONTRACT.
FOR A FULL UNDERSTANDING OF YOUR RIGHTS YOU SHOULD
CONSULT THE LAWS OF YOUR COUNTRY, PROVINCE OR STATE.
WARRANTY LIMITATIONS THAT MAY AFFECT CONSUMER
LAW TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, THIS WARRANTY
AND THE REMEDIES SET FORTH ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU
OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, REMEDIES AND CONDITIONS,
WHETHER ORAL, WRITTEN, STATUTORY, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. APPLE DISCLAIMS ALL STATUTORY AND IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE AND WARRANTIES AGAINST HIDDEN OR LATENT
DEFECTS, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. IN SO FAR AS
SUCH WARRANTIES CANNOT BE DISCLAIMED, APPLE LIMITS
THE DURATION AND REMEDIES OF SUCH WARRANTIES
TO THE DURATION OF THIS EXPRESS WARRANTY AND, AT
APPLE’S OPTION, THE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT SERVICES
DESCRIBED BELOW. SOME STATES (COUNTRIES AND
PROVINCES) DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG
AN IMPLIED WARRANTY (OR CONDITION) MAY LAST, SO THE
LIMITATION DESCRIBED ABOVE MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
WHAT IS COVERED BY THIS WARRANTY? Apple warrants the
Apple-branded hardware product and accessories contained
in the original packaging (“Apple Product”) against defects
in materials and workmanship when used normally in
accordance with Apple’s published guidelines for a period of
ONE (1) YEAR from the date of original retail purchase by the
end-user purchaser (“Warranty Period”). Apple’s published
guidelines include but are not limited to information
contained in technical specifications, user manuals and
service communications.
WHAT IS NOT COVERED BY THIS WARRANTY? This warranty
does not apply to any non-Apple branded hardware
products or any software, even if packaged or sold with
Apple hardware. Manufacturers, suppliers, or publishers, other
than Apple, may provide their own warranties to you but
Apple, in so far as permitted by law, provides their products
“AS IS”. Software distributed by Apple with or without the
Apple brand (including, but not limited to system software)
is not covered by this warranty. Please refer to the licensing
agreement accompanying the software for details of your
rights with respect to its use. Apple does not warrant that (iii) Do-it-yourself (DIY) parts service. DIY parts service allows
you to service your own Apple Product. If DIY parts service
is available in the circumstances, the following process
will apply.
(a) Service where Apple requires return of the replaced
product or part. Apple may require a credit card authorization
as security for the retail price of the replacement product
or part and applicable shipping costs. If you are unable to
provide credit card authorization, DIY parts service may
not be available to you and Apple will offer alternative
arrangements for service. Apple will ship a replacement
product or part to you with installation instructions, if
applicable, and any requirements for the return of the
replaced product or part. If you follow the instructions, Apple
will cancel the credit card authorization, so you will not be
charged for the product or part and shipping to and from
your location. If you fail to return the replaced product or
part as instructed or return a replaced product or part that
is ineligible for service, Apple will charge your credit card for
the authorized amount.
(b) Service where Apple does not require return of the
replaced product or part. Apple will ship you free of charge
a replacement product or part accompanied by instructions
on installation, if applicable, and any requirements for the
disposal of the replaced product or part.
(c) Apple is not responsible for any labor costs you incur
relating to DIY parts service. Should you require further
assistance, contact Apple at the telephone number listed
below.
Apple reserves the right to change the method by which
Apple may provide warranty service to you, and your Apple
Product’s eligibility to receive a particular method of service.
Service will be limited to the options available in the country
where service is requested. Service options, parts availability
and response times may vary according to country. You
may be responsible for shipping and handling charges if
the Apple Product cannot be serviced in the country it is
in. If you seek service in a country that is not the country
of purchase, you will comply with all applicable import and
export laws and regulations and be responsible for all custom
duties, V.A.T. and other associated taxes and charges. For
international service, Apple may repair or replace products
and parts with comparable products and parts that comply
with local standards.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN THIS
WARRANTY AND TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED
BY LAW, APPLE IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR DIRECT, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING
FROM ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONDITION, OR
UNDER ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO LOSS OF USE; LOSS OF REVENUE; LOSS OF
ACTUAL OR ANTICIPATED PROFITS (INCLUDING LOSS OF
PROFITS ON CONTRACTS); LOSS OF THE USE OF MONEY;
LOSS OF ANTICIPATED SAVINGS; LOSS OF BUSINESS; LOSS OF
OPPORTUNITY; LOSS OF GOODWILL; LOSS OF REPUTATION;
LOSS OF, DAMAGE TO, COMPROMISE OR CORRUPTION
WHAT WILL APPLE DO IN THE EVENT THE WARRANTY IS
BREACHED? If during the Warranty Period you submit a
valid claim to Apple or an AASP, Apple will, at its option, (i)
repair the Apple Product using new or previously used parts
that are equivalent to new in performance and reliability,
(ii) replace the Apple Product with a product that is at least
functionally equivalent to the Apple Product and is formed
from new and/or previously used parts that are equivalent
to new in performance and reliability, or (iii) exchange the
Apple Product for a refund of your purchase price.
Apple may request that you replace certain user-installable
parts or products. A replacement part or product, including
a user-installable part that has been installed in accordance
with instructions provided by Apple, assumes the remaining
warranty of the Apple Product or ninety (90) days from the
date of replacement or repair, whichever provides longer
coverage for you. When a product or part is replaced or
a refund provided, any replacement item becomes your
property and the replaced or refunded item becomes
Apple’s property.
HOW TO OBTAIN WARRANTY SERVICE? Please access and
review the online help resources described below before
seeking warranty service. If the Apple Product is still not
functioning properly after making use of these resources,
please contact an Apple representative or, if applicable,
an Apple owned retail store (“Apple Retail”) or AASP, using
the information provided below. An Apple representative
or AASP will help determine whether your Apple Product
requires service and, if it does, will inform you how Apple
will provide it. When contacting Apple via telephone, other
charges may apply depending on your location.
Online information with details on obtaining warranty service
is provided below.
WARRANTY SERVICE OPTIONS Apple will provide warranty
service through one or more of the following options:
(i) Carry-in service. You may return your Apple Product to
an Apple Retail or AASP location offering carry-in service.
Service will be performed at the location, or Apple Retail or
an AASP may send your Apple Product to an Apple Repair
Service (“ARS”) location to be serviced. Once you are notified
that service is complete, you will promptly retrieve the
Apple Product from the Apple Retail or AASP location, or
the Apple Product will be sent directly to your location from
the ARS location.
(ii) Mail-in service. If Apple determines that your Apple
Product is eligible for mail-in service, Apple will send you
prepaid waybills and if applicable, packaging material, so
that you may ship your Apple Product to an ARS or AASP
location in accordance with Apple’s instructions. Once service
is complete, the ARS or AASP location will return the Apple
Product to you. Apple will pay for shipping to and from your
location if all instructions are followed.OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, REMEDIES AND CONDITIONS,
WHETHER ORAL, WRITTEN, STATUTORY, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. APPLE DISCLAIMS ALL STATUTORY AND IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE AND WARRANTIES AGAINST HIDDEN OR LATENT
DEFECTS, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. IN SO FAR AS
SUCH WARRANTIES CANNOT BE DISCLAIMED, APPLE LIMITS
THE DURATION AND REMEDIES OF SUCH WARRANTIES
TO THE DURATION OF THIS EXPRESS WARRANTY AND, AT
APPLE’S OPTION, THE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT SERVICES
DESCRIBED BELOW. SOME PROVINCES DO NOT ALLOW
LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY (OR
CONDITION) MAY LAST, SO THE LIMITATION DESCRIBED
ABOVE MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
WHAT IS COVERED BY THIS WARRANTY? Apple warrants the
Apple-branded hardware product and accessories contained
in the original packaging (“Apple Product”) against defects
in materials and workmanship when used normally in
accordance with Apple’s published guidelines for a period of
ONE (1) YEAR from the date of original retail purchase by the
end-user purchaser (“Warranty Period”). Apple’s published
guidelines include but are not limited to information
contained in technical specifications, user manuals and
service communications.
WHAT IS NOT COVERED BY THIS WARRANTY? This warranty
does not apply to any non-Apple branded hardware
products or any software, even if packaged or sold with
Apple hardware. Manufacturers, suppliers, or publishers, other
than Apple, may provide their own warranties to you but
Apple, in so far as permitted by law, provides their products
“AS IS”. Software distributed by Apple with or without the
Apple brand (including, but not limited to system software)
is not covered by this warranty. Please refer to the licensing
agreement accompanying the software for details of your
rights with respect to its use. Apple does not warrant that
the operation of the Apple Product will be uninterrupted
or error-free. Apple is not responsible for damage arising
from failure to follow instructions relating to the Apple
Product’s use.
This warranty does not apply: (a) to consumable parts, such
as batteries, unless failure has occurred due to a defect
in materials or workmanship; (b) to cosmetic damage,
including but not limited to scratches, dents and broken
plastic on ports; (c) to damage caused by use with another
product; (d) to damage caused by accident, abuse, misuse,
liquid contact, fire, earthquake or other external cause;
(e) to damage caused by operating the Apple Product
outside Apple’s published guidelines; (f) to damage caused
by service (including upgrades and expansions) performed
by anyone who is not a representative of Apple or an
Apple Authorized Service Provider (“AASP”); (g) to an
Apple Product that has been modified to alter functionality
or capability without the written permission of Apple;
(h) to defects caused by normal wear and tear or otherwise
due to the normal aging of the Apple Product; or (i) if any
OF DATA; OR ANY INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS
OR DAMAGE HOWSOEVER CAUSED INCLUDING THE
REPLACEMENT OF EQUIPMENT AND PROPERTY, ANY COSTS
OF RECOVERING, PROGRAMMING, OR REPRODUCING
ANY PROGRAM OR DATA STORED IN OR USED WITH THE
APPLE PRODUCT OR ANY FAILURE TO MAINTAIN THE
CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION STORED IN THE APPLE
PRODUCT.
THE FOREGOING LIMITATION SHALL NOT APPLY TO DEATH
OR PERSONAL INJURY CLAIMS, OR ANY STATUTORY LIABILITY
FOR INTENTIONAL AND GROSS NEGLIGENT ACTS AND/OR
OMISSIONS. APPLE DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION THAT IT
WILL BE ABLE TO REPAIR ANY APPLE PRODUCT UNDER THIS
WARRANTY OR REPLACE THE APPLE PRODUCT WITHOUT
RISK TO OR LOSS OF INFORMATION STORED ON THE APPLE
PRODUCT.
SOME STATES (COUNTRIES AND PROVINCES) DO NOT
ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR
EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
PRIVACY Apple will maintain and use customer information
in accordance with the Apple Customer Privacy Policy
available at www.apple.com/legal/warranty/privacy.
GENERAL No Apple reseller, agent, or employee is authorized
to make any modification, extension, or addition to this
warranty. If any term is held to be illegal or unenforceable,
the legality or enforceability of the remaining terms shall not
be affected or impaired. This warranty is governed by and
construed under the laws of the country in which the Apple
Product purchase took place. Apple is identified at the end of
this document according to the country or region in which
the Apple Product purchase took place. Apple or its successor
in title is the warrantor under this warranty.
032212 Mac Warranty English v2
CANADA
Apple One (1) Year Limited Warranty - Mac
For Apple Branded Products Only
HOW CONSUMER LAW RELATES TO THIS WARRANTY THIS
WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, AND YOU
MAY HAVE OTHER RIGHTS THAT VARY FROM PROVINCE TO
PROVINCE. OTHER THAN AS PERMITTED BY LAW, APPLE
DOES NOT EXCLUDE, LIMIT OR SUSPEND OTHER RIGHTS
YOU MAY HAVE, INCLUDING THOSE THAT MAY ARISE FROM
THE NONCONFORMITY OF A SALES CONTRACT. FOR A FULL
UNDERSTANDING OF YOUR RIGHTS YOU SHOULD CONSULT
THE LAWS OF YOUR PROVINCE. RESIDENTS OF QUEBEC ARE
GOVERNED BY THAT PROVINCE’S CONSUMER PROTECTION
LEGISLATION.
WARRANTY LIMITATIONS THAT MAY AFFECT CONSUMER
LAW APPLICABLE TO ALL OF CANADA, EXCEPT QUEBEC:
TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, THIS WARRANTY AND
THE REMEDIES SET FORTH ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU an Apple owned retail store (“Apple Retail”) or AASP, using
the information provided below. An Apple representative
or AASP will help determine whether your Apple Product
requires service and, if it does, will inform you how Apple
will provide it. When contacting Apple via telephone, other
charges may apply depending on your location.
Online information with details on obtaining warranty service
is provided below.
WARRANTY SERVICE OPTIONS Apple will provide warranty
service through one or more of the following options:
(i) Carry-in service. You may return your Apple Product to
an Apple Retail or AASP location offering carry-in service.
Service will be performed at the location, or Apple Retail or
an AASP may send your Apple Product to an Apple Repair
Service (“ARS”) location to be serviced. Once you are notified
that service is complete, you will promptly retrieve the
Apple Product from the Apple Retail or AASP location, or
the Apple Product will be sent directly to your location from
the ARS location.
(ii) Mail-in service. If Apple determines that your Apple
Product is eligible for mail-in service, Apple will send you
prepaid waybills and if applicable, packaging material, so
that you may ship your Apple Product to an ARS or AASP
location in accordance with Apple’s instructions. Once service
is complete, the ARS or AASP location will return the Apple
Product to you. Apple will pay for shipping to and from your
location if all instructions are followed.
(iii) Do-it-yourself (DIY) parts service. DIY parts service allows
you to service your own Apple Product. If DIY parts service
is available in the circumstances, the following process
will apply.
(a) Service where Apple requires return of the replaced
product or part. Apple may require a credit card authorization
as security for the retail price of the replacement product
or part and applicable shipping costs. If you are unable to
provide credit card authorization, DIY parts service may
not be available to you and Apple will offer alternative
arrangements for service. Apple will ship a replacement
product or part to you with installation instructions, if
applicable, and any requirements for the return of the
replaced product or part. If you follow the instructions, Apple
will cancel the credit card authorization, so you will not be
charged for the product or part and shipping to and from
your location. If you fail to return the replaced product or
part as instructed or return a replaced product or part that
is ineligible for service, Apple will charge your credit card for
the authorized amount.
(b) Service where Apple does not require return of the
replaced product or part. Apple will ship you free of charge
a replacement product or part accompanied by instructions
on installation, if applicable, and any requirements for the
disposal of the replaced product or part.
serial number has been removed or defaced from the
Apple Product.
YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES IF YOUR APPLE PRODUCT IS
CAPABLE OF STORING SOFTWARE PROGRAMS, DATA AND
OTHER INFORMATION, YOU SHOULD MAKE PERIODIC BACKUP
COPIES OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THE STORAGE
MEDIA TO PROTECT THE CONTENTS AND AS A PRECAUTION
AGAINST POSSIBLE OPERATIONAL FAILURES.
Before receiving warranty service, Apple or its agents may
require that you furnish proof of purchase details, respond to
questions designed to assist with diagnosing potential issues
and follow Apple’s procedures for obtaining warranty service.
Before submitting your Apple Product for warranty service
you should maintain a separate backup copy of the contents
of its storage media, remove all personal information that
you want to protect and disable all security passwords.
DURING WARRANTY SERVICE IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THE
CONTENTS OF THE APPLE PRODUCT’S STORAGE MEDIA
WILL BE LOST, REPLACED OR REFORMATTED. IN SUCH AN
EVENT APPLE AND ITS AGENTS ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR
ANY LOSS OF SOFTWARE PROGRAMS, DATA OR OTHER
INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THE STORAGE MEDIA OR ANY
OTHER PART OF THE APPLE PRODUCT SERVICED.
Following warranty service your Apple Product or a
replacement product will be returned to you as your Apple
Product was configured when originally purchased, subject
to applicable updates. You will be responsible for reinstalling
all other software programs, data and information. Recovery
and reinstallation of other software programs, data and
information are not covered under this warranty.
WHAT WILL APPLE DO IN THE EVENT THE WARRANTY IS
BREACHED? If during the Warranty Period you submit a
valid claim to Apple or an AASP, Apple will, at its option: (i)
repair the Apple Product using new or previously used parts
that are equivalent to new in performance and reliability;
(ii) replace the Apple Product with a product that is at least
functionally equivalent to the Apple Product and is formed
from new and/or previously used parts that are equivalent
to new in performance and reliability; or (iii) exchange the
Apple Product for a refund of your purchase price.
Apple may request that you replace certain user-installable
parts or products. A replacement part or product, including
a user-installable part that has been installed in accordance
with instructions provided by Apple, assumes the remaining
warranty of the Apple Product or ninety (90) days from the
date of replacement or repair, whichever provides longer
coverage for you. When a product or part is replaced or
a refund provided, any replacement item becomes your
property and the replaced or refunded item becomes
Apple’s property.
HOW TO OBTAIN WARRANTY SERVICE? Please access and
review the online help resources described below before
seeking warranty service. If the Apple Product is still not
functioning properly after making use of these resources,
please contact an Apple representative or, if applicable, GENERAL No Apple reseller, agent, or employee is authorized
to make any modification, extension, or addition to this
warranty. If any term is held to be illegal or unenforceable,
the legality or enforceability of the remaining terms shall not
be affected or impaired. This warranty is governed by and
construed under the laws of the country in which the Apple
Product purchase took place. Apple is identified at the end of
this document according to the country or region in which
the Apple Product purchase took place. Apple or its successor
in title is the warrantor under this warranty.
Mac Warranty v2 070511
ONLINE INFORMATION More information of the following
is available online:
International
Support
Information
www.apple.com/support/country
Apple Authorized
Service Providers
support.apple.com/kb/HT1434
Apple Retail
Store
www.apple.com/retail/storelist/
Apple Support
and Service
support.apple.com/kb/HE57
Apple
Complimentary
Support
www.apple.com/support/country/index.
html?dest=complimentary
Warranty Obligor for Region or Country
of Purchase
Region/Country of
Purchase
Address
AMERICAS
Brazil Apple Computer Brasil Ltda
Av. Cidade Jardim 400, 2 Andar,
Sao Paulo, SP Brasil 01454-901
Canada Apple Canada Inc.
7495 Birchmount Rd.; Markham,
Ontario, Canada; L3R 5G2 Canada
Mexico Apple Operations Mexico,
S.A. de C.V.
Prolongación Paseo de la
Reforma #600, Suite 132,
Colonia Peña Blanca, Santa Fé,
Delegación Álvaro Obregón,
México D. F., CP 01210, Mexico
United States and
Other Americas Countries
Apple Inc.
1 Infinite Loop;
Cupertino, CA 95014, U.S.A.
(c) Apple is not responsible for any labour costs you incur
relating to DIY parts service. Should you require further
assistance, contact Apple at the telephone number listed
below.
Apple reserves the right to change the method by which
Apple may provide warranty service to you, and your Apple
Product’s eligibility to receive a particular method of service.
Service will be limited to the options available in the country
where service is requested. Service options, parts availability
and response times may vary according to country. You
may be responsible for shipping and handling charges if
the Apple Product cannot be serviced in the country it is
in. If you seek service in a country that is not the country
of purchase, you will comply with all applicable import and
export laws and regulations and be responsible for all custom
duties, V.A.T. and other associated taxes and charges. For
international service, Apple may repair or replace products
and parts with comparable products and parts that comply
with local standards.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN THIS
WARRANTY AND TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED
BY LAW, APPLE IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR DIRECT, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING
FROM ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONDITION, OR
UNDER ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO LOSS OF USE; LOSS OF REVENUE; LOSS OF
ACTUAL OR ANTICIPATED PROFITS (INCLUDING LOSS OF
PROFITS ON CONTRACTS); LOSS OF THE USE OF MONEY;
LOSS OF ANTICIPATED SAVINGS; LOSS OF BUSINESS; LOSS OF
OPPORTUNITY; LOSS OF GOODWILL; LOSS OF REPUTATION;
LOSS OF, DAMAGE TO, COMPROMISE OR CORRUPTION
OF DATA; OR ANY INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS
OR DAMAGE HOWSOEVER CAUSED INCLUDING THE
REPLACEMENT OF EQUIPMENT AND PROPERTY, ANY COSTS
OF RECOVERING, PROGRAMMING, OR REPRODUCING
ANY PROGRAM OR DATA STORED IN OR USED WITH THE
APPLE PRODUCT OR ANY FAILURE TO MAINTAIN THE
CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION STORED IN THE APPLE
PRODUCT.
THE FOREGOING LIMITATION SHALL NOT APPLY TO DEATH
OR PERSONAL INJURY CLAIMS, OR ANY STATUTORY LIABILITY
FOR INTENTIONAL AND GROSS NEGLIGENT ACTS AND/OR
OMISSIONS. APPLE DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION THAT IT
WILL BE ABLE TO REPAIR ANY APPLE PRODUCT UNDER THIS
WARRANTY OR REPLACE THE APPLE PRODUCT WITHOUT
RISK TO OR LOSS OF INFORMATION STORED ON THE APPLE
PRODUCT.
SOME PROVINCES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR
LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,
SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY
TO YOU. RESIDENTS OF QUEBEC ARE GOVERNED BY THAT
PROVINCE’S CONSUMER PROTECTION LEGISLATION.
PRIVACY Apple will maintain and use customer information
in accordance with the Apple Customer Privacy Policy
available at www.apple.com/legal/warranty/privacy.Region/Country of
Purchase
Address
EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA
All Countries Apple Distribution International
Hollyhill Industrial Estate
Hollyhill, Cork,
Republic of Ireland
ASIA PACIFIC
Australia; New Zealand;
Fiji, Papua New Guinea;
Vanuatu
Apple Pty. Limited.
PO Box A2629, Sydney South,
NSW 1235, Australia
Hong Kong Apple Asia Limited
2401 Tower One, Times Square,
Causeway Bay; Hong Kong
India Apple India Private Ltd.
19th Floor, Concorde Tower C,
UB City No 24, Vittal Mallya Road,
Bangalore 560-001, India
Japan Apple Japan Inc.
3-20-2 Nishishinjuku,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Korea Apple Korea Ltd.
3201, ASEM Tower; 159,
Samsung-dong, Gangnam-Gu;
Seoul 135-798, Republic of Korea
Afghanistan, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia,
Guam, Indonesia, Laos,
Singapore, Malaysia, Nepal,
Pakistan, Philippines,
Sri Lanka, Vietnam
Apple South Asia Pte. Ltd.
7 Ang Mo Kio Street 64
Singapore 569086
People’s Republic of China Apple Computer Trading
(Shanghai) Co. Ltd.
Room 1815, No. 1 Jilong Road,
Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone,
Shanghai 200131 China
Thailand Apple South Asia
(Thailand) Limited
25th Floor, Suite B2, Siam Tower,
989 Rama 1 Road, Pataumwan,
Bangkok, 10330
Taiwan Apple Asia LLC
16A, No. 333 Tun Hwa S. Road.
Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan 106
Other Asian
Pacific Countries
Apple Inc.
1 Infinite Loop;
Cupertino, CA 95014, U.S.A.© 2012 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
Apple, the Apple logo, AirPort Extreme, iPod, Mac, MacBook, and MagSafe are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the
U.S. and other countries. Apple Store and AppleCare are service marks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by
Apple Inc. is under license. ENERGY STAR® is a U.S. registered trademark.
034-6465-A
Printed in XXXX
Manual de Informações
Importantes do Produto
MacBook ProÁguas e locais úmidos Mantenha o seu MacBook Pro longe
de fontes de líquidos, tais como bebidas, banheiras, pias,
boxes e outros. Proteja o seu MacBook Pro da umidade ou
do tempo úmido, como chuva, neve e nevoeiros.
Adaptador de Alimentação MagSafe 2 de 85 W Use
somente o adaptador de alimentação fornecido com o
MacBook Pro, ou um adaptador de alimentação autorizado
pela Apple que seja compatível com este produto. Certifiquese de que o plugue de corrente alternada ou o cabo de
corrente alternada estejam inseridos completamente no
adaptador de alimentação antes de conectar o adaptador
a uma tomada elétrica.
O adaptador de alimentação pode se aquecer bastante
durante o uso normal. O Adaptador de Alimentação
MagSafe 2 cumpre com os limites de temperatura de
superfície acessível ao usuário definidos pelo Padrão
Internacional de Segurança do Equipamento de Tecnologia
de Informação (IEC 60950-1).
Para reduzir a possibilidade do sobreaquecimento do
adaptador de alimentação ou danos relacionados ao calor,
realize uma das seguintes ações:
 Conecte o adaptador de alimentação diretamente a uma
tomada elétrica.
Conector
MagSafe 2
Plugue de
corrente alternada
Adaptador de
Alimentação MagSafe 2
 Se você estiver utilizando um cabo de alimentação de
corrente alternada, coloque o adaptador de alimentação
sobre uma escrivaninha, mesa ou no chão em um local
com boa ventilação.
Conector MagSafe 2
Adaptador de
Alimentação MagSafe 2
Cabo de alimentação
de corrente alternada
Desconecte o adaptador de alimentação e todos os outros
cabos caso ocorra uma destas condições:
 Você deseja limpar o gabinete (use somente o
procedimento recomendado descrito na próxima página).
 Se o cabo de alimentação ou o plugue estiverem
danificados.
 O seu MacBook Pro ou o adaptador de alimentação foram
expostos à chuva, umidade excessiva ou de algum líquido
foi derramado dentro do gabinete.
Este Manual de Informações Importantes do Produto contém
informações normativas, de uso, descarte, reciclagem e
informações sobre a licença do software, assim como a
garantia limitada de um ano do seu MacBook Pro de
15 polegadas.
±Leia todas as informações de segurança e as
instruções de funcionamento abaixo, antes de
usar o seu MacBook Pro para evitar danos. Para
obter uma versão transferível do MacBook Pro
Manual de Início Rápido e a última versão deste
Manual de Informações Importantes do Produto,
visite: support.apple.com/pt_BR/manuals/
macbookpro
Informações Importantes de Uso
e Segurança
ADVERTÊNCIA:??A omissão do seguimento destas instruções
de segurança pode resultar em incêndio, choque elétrico
ou outros danos e prejuízos ao MacBook Pro ou a outras
propriedades.
Bateria integrada Não remova a bateria do seu
MacBook Pro. A bateria só pode ser substituída por um
fornecedor de serviços autorizado Apple. Interrompa o uso
do seu MacBook Pro se ele cair ou for amassado, dobrado,
deformado ou danificado. Não exponha seu MacBook Pro a
fontes de calor extremas, tais como radiadores ou lareiras,
onde as temperaturas podem exceder 100ºC.
Utilização adequada A parte inferior do seu MacBook Pro
pode se aquecer bastante durante o uso normal.
O MacBook Pro cumpre com os limites de temperatura
de superfície acessível ao usuário definidos pelo Padrão
Internacional de Segurança do Equipamento de Tecnologia
de Informação (IEC 60950-1).
Para utilizar o computador de forma segura e reduzir a
possibilidade de danos relacionados com a saúde, siga
estas diretrizes:
 Configure o seu MacBook Pro sobre uma superfície de
trabalho estável que permita uma adequada circulação de
ar sob e ao redor do computador.
 Não use o seu MacBook Pro sobre um travesseiro ou outro
material macio, pois o material pode bloquear a ventilação
do fluxo de ar.
 Não coloque nunca nada sobre o teclado ao usar o seu
MacBook Pro.
 Nunca coloque objetos nas aberturas de ventilação.
 Se o seu MacBook Pro estiver no seu colo e se aquecer de
forma inconfortável, retire-o do seu colo e coloque-o sobre
uma superfície de trabalho estável.através das aberturas de ventilação ou do slot da unidade
óptica ou que poderiam ficar presos dentro de uma porta.
Inclusive, mantenha os itens magneticamente sensíveis longe
da porta de alimentação MagSafe 2.
Como usar conectores e portas Nunca force um conector
em uma porta. Ao conectar um dispositivo, certifique-se
de que a porta esteja livre de fragmentos, que o conector
coincide com a porta e que você posicionou o conector
corretamente em relação à porta.
Como cuidar das peças de vidro O seu MacBook Pro
contém componentes de vidro, incluindo a tela e o trackpad.
Se elas forem danificadas, não utilize o seu MacBook Pro até
que ele tenha sido reparado por um fornecedor de serviços
autorizado Apple.
Como guardar o seu MacBook Pro Se você for guardar o
seu MacBook Pro por um período prolongado, mantenha-o
em um local fresco (idealmente 22° C) e descarregue a
bateria até alcançar 50 por cento ou menos. Ao guardar o seu
computador por mais de cinco meses, descarregue a bateria
até alcançar 50 por cento aproximadamente. Para manter a
capacidade da bateria, recarregue-a em 50 por cento a cada
seis meses, mais ou menos.
Como limpar o seu MacBook Pro Ao limpar o exterior
do seu MacBook Pro e seus componentes, primeiramente
desligue o MacBook Pro e desconecte o adaptador de
alimentação. Em seguida, umedeça o pano de limpeza
incluído para limpar o exterior do MacBook Pro. Evite deixar
entrar umidade nas aberturas. Não utilize líquidos em spray
diretamente no seu computador. Não utilize aerossóis,
solventes ou abrasivos que possam danificar o acabamento.
Como limpar a tela do MacBook Pro Para limpar a tela
do MacBook Pro primeiramente desligue o MacBook Pro
e desconecte o adaptador de alimentação. Em seguida,
umedeça o pano de limpeza fornecido com um pouco
de água e limpe a tela. Não borrife líquidos diretamente
na sua tela.
Dicas sobre Ergonomia
Aqui estão algumas dicas para ajustar o seu ambiente de
trabalho e torná-lo saudável.
Teclado e Trackpad
Ao usar o teclado e o trackpad, seus ombros devem estar
relaxados. O seu braço e o antebraço devem formar um
ângulo pouco maior que 90 graus, com o seu pulso e sua
mão quase em uma linha reta.
Este Este não
 Se o seu MacBook Pro ou adaptador de alimentação foi
derrubado, o gabinete foi danificado ou você acha que é
necessário obter serviço ou reparação.
A porta de alimentação do MagSafe 2 (a qual você conecta
o conector MagSafe 2) contém um ímã que pode apagar
os dados de um cartão de crédito, do iPod ou de outro
dispositivo. Para preservar seus dados, não coloque estes
ou outro material ou dispositivo magneticamente sensível
a menos de 25 mm de distância desta porta.
Se cair algum fragmento dentro da porta de alimentação
MagSafe 2, remova-o cuidadosamente com um cotonete
seco.
Especificações de potência do MagSafe 2:
Frequência: 50 a 60 Hz, fase única
Voltagem de Linha: 100 a 240 V
Voltagem de Saída: 20 V DC, 4,25 A
Danos à audição É possível ocorrer a perda permanente da
audição se os fones de ouvido normais ou do tipo auricular
forem usados em alto volume. Com o tempo, você pode
adaptar-se a ouvir um volume elevado de som, que pode
parecer normal, mas que pode danificar a sua audição.
Se você sentir um zumbido nos ouvidos ou um som abafado,
interrompa o uso e consulte um médico especialista em
audição. Quanto mais alto o volume, menor o tempo
requerido antes que a sua audição seja afetada. Os
especialistas em audição sugerem que para proteger a
sua audição, você deve:
 Limitar o tempo que você usa os fones de ouvido normais
ou do tipo auriculares em alto volume.
 Evite aumentar o volume para bloquear os ruídos do
ambiente.
 Abaixe o volume caso não consiga escutar as pessoas
falando próximas a você.
Atividades de alto risco Este computador não foi feito para
ser usado na operação de instalações nucleares, navegação
de aeronaves ou sistemas de comunicação, sistemas de
controle de tráfico aéreo ou qualquer outro uso onde uma
falha do sistema do computador poderia causar a morte,
danos pessoais ou danos graves ao meio ambiente.
Ambiente operacional O funcionamento do seu
MacBook Pro fora destes limites pode afetar o desempenho:
Temperatura de funcionamento: 10° a 35° C
Temperatura de armazenamento: -20° a 45° C
Umidade relativa: 5% a 90% (não condensação)
Altitude de funcionamento: 0 a 3048 metros
Como carregar o seu MacBook Pro Se você carrega o
seu MacBook Pro em uma bolsa ou pasta, certifique-se de
que não haja itens soltos (tais como clipes ou moedas) que
poderiam entrar de forma acidental dentro do computador Apple e o Meio-Ambiente
A Apple Inc. reconhece que tem grande responsabilidade
na minimização do impacto ambiental causado por seus
produtos e operações.
Mais informações estão disponíveis na web:
www.apple.com/br/environment
Mais Informações Sobre Serviço
e Suporte
Seu MacBook Pro não possui peças que possam ser
reparadas pelo usuário. Se precisar de serviço, entre em
contato com a Apple ou leve o seu MacBook Pro a um
fornecedor de serviços autorizado da Apple. Você pode
encontrar mais informações sobre o MacBook Pro através da
Central da Ajuda, dos recursos on-line, das Informações do
Sistema e do Apple Hardware Test.
Central de Ajuda
Geralmente você pode encontrar respostas às suas
perguntas, bem como instruções e informações sobre
solução de problemas, na Central de Ajuda do seu Mac.
Clique no ícone do Finder, clique em Ajuda na barra de
menus e escolha Central de Ajuda.
Recursos on-line
Para obter informações de serviço e suporte on-line, visite
o site www.apple.com/support e escolha seu país no menu
local. Você pode pesquisar a AppleCare Knowledge Base,
verificar atualizações de software ou obter ajuda nos fóruns
de discussão da Apple.
Informações do Sistema
Para obter informações sobre o seu MacBook Pro, utilize as
Informações do Sistema. Mostra quais hardwares e softwares
estão instalados, o número de série e a versão do sistema
operacional, a quantidade de memória instalada e mais. Para
abrir as Informações do Sistema, escolha Apple (?) > Sobre
este Mac na barra de menus e clique em Mais Informações.
Apple Hardware Test
Você pode usar o aplicativo Apple Hardware Test (AHT)
para ajudar a determinar se existe um problema com um
dos componentes do computador, como a memória ou o
processador.
Para utilizar o Apple Hardware Test: Desconecte todos os
dispositivos externos do seu computador, exceto o adaptador
de alimentação. Reinicie o seu computador e mantenha
pressionada a tecla D até que ele se inicialize. Quando a tela
do seletor do AHT aparecer, selecione o idioma para a sua
localização. Pressione a tecla Retorno ou clique no botão de
seta direita. Quando a tela principal do AHT (depois de 45
segundos), siga as instruções da tela. Se o AHT detectar um
problema, ele exibirá um código de erro. Anote o código do
erro antes de buscar alternativas de suporte. Se o AHT não
detectar uma falha de hardware, talvez o problema esteja
relacionado com o software.
Toque levemente o teclado ao digitar ou usar o trackpad
e mantenha suas mãos e dedos relaxados. Evite rolar seus
polegares sob as palmas das mãos.
Este Este não
Altere sempre a posição das mãos para evitar fatiga. Alguns
usuários de computadores podem desenvolver desconfortos
em suas mãos, pulsos ou braços após o uso intensivo sem
intervalos. Se começar a desenvolver uma dor crônica ou
desconforto nas suas mãos, pulsos e ombros, consulte um
médico especialista qualificado.
Mouse Externo
Se você usa um mouse externo, coloque o mouse na mesma
altura que o teclado e em um alcance confortável.
Cadeira
É preferível utilizar uma cadeira ajustável que forneça um
suporte firme e cômodo. Ajuste a altura da cadeira para que
as suas pernas estejam na posição horizontal e seus pés
estejam apoiados no chão. O encosto da cadeira deve apoiar
a parte inferior de suas costas (a região lombar). Siga as
instruções do fabricante para ajustar o encosto da cadeira
de forma que se adapte perfeitamente ao seu corpo.
Talvez você tenha que abaixar a sua cadeira para que os
seus antebraços e mãos estejam em um ângulo adequado
com o teclado. Se isso impedir que você coloque os seus pés
apoiados completamente no chão, você pode usar um apoio
para os pés com altura regulável para eliminar o espaço
entre o chão e seus pés. Ou você também pode abaixar a
área de trabalho para eliminar a necessidade de um apoio
para os pés. Outra opção é usar uma mesa com uma bandeja
para o teclado que seja mais baixa que a superfície normal
de trabalho.
Tela Integrada
Ajuste o ângulo da tela para minimizar brilhos e reflexos
de luzes superiores e janelas. Não force a tela se encontrar
resistência. A tela não foi desenhada para abrir-se mais do
que 135 graus.
Você pode ajustar o brilho da tela ao levar o computador
de um local a outro, ou se a luz da sua área de trabalho
for alterada.
Na Internet você poderá encontrar mais informações sobre
ergonomia: www.apple.com/about/ergonomicsInformações de Conformidade
Regulamentares
FCC Compliance Statement
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation
is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device
may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must
accept any interference received, including interference
that may cause undesired operation. See instructions if
interference to radio or television reception is suspected.
Radio and Television Interference
This computer equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and
used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s
instructions—it may cause interference with radio and
television reception.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with
the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the
specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications
are designed to provide reasonable protection against such
interference in a residential installation. However, there is
no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation.
You can determine whether your computer system is causing
interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was
probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral
devices.
If your computer system does cause interference to radio or
television reception, try to correct the interference by using
one or more of the following measures:
 Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference
stops.
 Move the computer to one side or the other of the
television or radio.
 Move the computer farther away from the television
or radio.
 Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different
circuit from the television or radio. (That is, make certain
the computer and the television or radio are on circuits
controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)
If necessary, consult an Apple Authorized Service Provider or
Apple. See the service and support information that came
with your Apple product. Or consult an experienced radio/
television technician for additional suggestions.
Important: Changes or modifications to this product not
authorized by Apple Inc. could void the EMC compliance and
negate your authority to operate the product.
This product has demonstrated EMC compliance under
conditions that included the use of compliant peripheral
devices and shielded cables (including Ethernet network
cables) between system components. It is important that
you use compliant peripheral devices and shielded cables
Suporte e Serviço AppleCare
Seu MacBook Pro é fornecido com 90 dias de garantia
para suporte técnico e um ano de cobertura de garantia
para reparações de hardware. As reparações em garantia
podem ser solicitadas em uma loja de varejo Apple ou em
um centro de reparos autorizado Apple, como por exemplo,
um fornecedor de serviços autorizado Apple. Você pode
aumentar o prazo de cobertura da garantia comprando um
plano AppleCare Protection Plan. Para obter informações,
visite o site www.apple.com/br/support/products ou visite
o endereço do site do seu país listado posteriormente
nesta seção.
Se precisar de assistência, os representantes do suporte
telefônico AppleCare poderão ajudá-lo com a instalação e
abertura de aplicativos, e com a solução de problemas. Ligue
para a central de suporte mais próxima de você (os primeiros
90 dias são gratuitos). Tenha a data de compra e o número de
série do MacBook Pro quando fizer sua chamada.
Os 90 dias de suporte telefônico gratuitos começam na
data de compra.
Brasil: 0800-761-0880
www.apple.com/support/country
Os números de telefone podem mudar e as taxas de
chamadas telefônicas nacionais podem ser aplicadas.
Uma lista completa está disponível na web:
www.apple.com/br/support/contactEurope–EU Declaration of Conformity
????????? Apple Inc. ?????????, ?? ???? MacBook Pro ?
? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ? ???????
????????? ??????? ?? ????????? 1999/5/??.
Cesky Spolecnost Apple Inc. tímto prohlašuje, že tento
MacBook Pro je ve shode se základními požadavky a dalšími
príslušnými ustanoveními smernice 1999/5/ES.
Dansk Undertegnede Apple Inc. erklærer herved, at
følgende udstyr MacBook Pro overholder de væsentlige
krav og øvrige relevante krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF.
Deutsch Hiermit erklärt Apple Inc., dass sich das
MacBook Pro in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden
Anforderungen und den übrigen einschlägigen
Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 1999/5/EG befinden.
Eesti Käesolevaga kinnitab Apple Inc., et see MacBook Pro
vastab direktiivi 1999/5/EÜ põhinõuetele ja nimetatud
direktiivist tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele.
English Hereby, Apple Inc. declares that this MacBook Pro
is in compliance with the essential requirements and other
relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.
Español Por medio de la presente Apple Inc. declara que
este MacBook Pro cumple con los requisitos esenciales y
cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la
Directiva 1999/5/CE.
???????? Me t?? pa???sa, ? Apple Inc. d????e? ?t? a?t?
? s?s?e?? MacBook Pro s?µµ??f??eta? p??? t?? ßas????
apa?t?se?? ?a? t?? ???p?? s?et???? d?ata´?e?? t?? ?d???a?
1999/5/??.
Français Par la présente Apple Inc. déclare que l’appareil
MacBook Pro est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux
autres dispositions pertinentes de la directive 1999/5/CE.
Islenska Apple Inc. lýsir því hér með yfir að þetta tæki
MacBook Pro fullnægir lágmarkskröfum og öðrum
viðeigandi ákvæðum Evróputilskipunar 1999/5/EC.
Italiano Con la presente Apple Inc. dichiara che questo
dispositivo MacBook Pro è conforme ai requisiti essenziali
ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva
1999/5/CE.
Latviski Ar šo Apple Inc. deklare, ka MacBook Pro ierice
atbilst Direktivas 1999/5/EK butiskajam prasibam un citiem
ar to saistitajiem noteikumiem.
Lietuviu Šiuo „Apple Inc.“ deklaruoja, kad šis MacBook Pro
atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 1999/5/EB Direktyvos
nuostatas.
Magyar Alulírott, Apple Inc. nyilatkozom, hogy
a MacBook Pro megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ
követelményeknek és az 1999/5/EC irányelv egyéb
elõírásainak.
between system components to reduce the possibility of
causing interference to radios, television sets, and other
electronic devices.
Responsible party (contact for FCC matters only):
Apple Inc. Corporate Compliance
1 Infinite Loop, MS 91-1EMC
Cupertino, CA 95014
Wireless Radio Use
This device is restricted to indoor use when operating in the
5.15 to 5.25 GHz frequency band.
Cet appareil doit être utilisé à l’intérieur.
Exposure to Radio Frequency Energy
The radiated output power of the AirPort Extreme
technology is below the FCC and EU radio frequency
exposure limits. Nevertheless, it is advised to use the wireless
equipment in such a manner that the potential for human
contact during normal operation is minimized.
FCC Bluetooth® Wireless Compliance
The antenna used with this transmitter must not be
colocated or operated in conjunction with any other antenna
or transmitter subject to the conditions of the FCC Grant.
Canadian Compliance Statement
This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt
RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference, including
interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
Cet appareil est conforme aux normes CNR exemptes de
licence d’Industrie Canada. Le fonctionnement est soumis
aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) cet appareil ne doit
pas provoquer d’interférences et (2) cet appareil doit
accepter toute interférence, y compris celles susceptibles de
provoquer un fonctionnement non souhaité de l’appareil.
Bluetooth Industry Canada Statement
This Class B device meets all requirements of the Canadian
interference-causing equipment regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la Class B respecte toutes les
exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.
Industry Canada Statement
Complies with the Canadian ICES-003 Class B specifications.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la
norme NMB-003 du Canada. This device complies with RSS
210 of Industry Canada.
European Compliance Statement
This product complies with the requirements of European
Directives 2006/95/EC, 2004/108/EC, and 1999/5/EC.Korea Warning Statements
B???(??????????)
???????(B?) ???????????
????????????????, ???
???????????.
????????????
????????????????????
????????????????????????
???? ?? ? ??
Singapore Wireless Certification
Taiwan Wireless Statements
Taiwan Class B Statement
??
?????????????????
???????????????
Malti Hawnhekk, Apple Inc., jiddikjara li dan MacBook Pro
jikkonforma mal-htigijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti
ohrajn relevanti li hemm fid-Dirrettiva 1999/5/EC.
Nederlands Hierbij verklaart Apple Inc. dat het toestel
MacBook Pro in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen
en de andere bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EG.
Norsk Apple Inc. erklærer herved at dette MacBook Pro
-apparatet er i samsvar med de grunnleggende kravene og
øvrige relevante krav i EU-direktivet 1999/5/EF.
Polski Niniejszym Apple Inc. oswiadcza, ze ten MacBook Pro
sa zgodne z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostalymi
stosownymi postanowieniami Dyrektywy 1999/5/EC.
Português Apple Inc. declara que este dispositivo
MacBook Pro está em conformidade com os requisitos
essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva 1999/5/CE.
Româna Prin prezenta, Apple Inc. declara ca acest aparat
MacBook Pro este în conformitate cu cerintele esentiale si cu
celelalte prevederi relevante ale Directivei 1999/5/CE.
Slovensko Apple Inc. izjavlja, da je ta MacBook Pro skladne
z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi ustreznimi dolocili
direktive 1999/5/ES.
Slovensky Apple Inc. týmto vyhlasuje, že toto MacBook Pro
splna základné požiadavky a všetky príslušné ustanovenia
Smernice 1999/5/ES.
Suomi Apple Inc. vakuuttaa täten, että tämä MacBook Pro
tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten
vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen
mukainen.
Svenska Härmed intygar Apple Inc. att denna MacBook Pro
står i överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav
och övriga relevanta bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv
1999/5/EG.
A copy of the EU Declaration of Conformity is available at:
www.apple.com/euro/compliance
This equipment can be used in the following countries:
European Community Restrictions
Français Pour usage en intérieur uniquement. Consultez
l’Autorité de Régulation des Communications Electroniques
et des Postes (ARCEP) pour connaître les limites d’utilisation
des canaux 1 à 13. www.arcep.frInformações sobre Descarte e Reciclagem
Este símbolo indica que o seu produto deve ser
descartado de modo apropriado de acordo com as leis e
regulamentações locais. Quando seu produto atingir o fim
de sua vida útil, entre em contato com a Apple ou com as
autoridades locais para saber sobre as opções de reciclagem.
Para obter informações sobre o programa de reciclagem da
Apple, visite o site: www.apple.com/br/recycling
European Union—Disposal Information
The symbol above means that according to local laws and
regulations your product should be disposed of separately
from household waste. When this product reaches its end
of life, take it to a collection point designated by local
authorities. Some collection points accept products for free.
The separate collection and recycling of your product at the
time of disposal will help conserve natural resources and
ensure that it is recycled in a manner that protects human
health and the environment.
Türkiye
EEE yönetmeligine (Elektrikli ve Elektronik Esyalarda Bazi
Zararli Maddelerin Kullaniminin Sinirlandirilmasina Dair
Yönetmelik) uygundur.
Brasil—Informações sobre descarte e reciclagem
O símbolo acima indica que este produto e/ou sua bateria
não devem ser descartadas no lixo doméstico. Quando
decidir descartar este produto e/ou sua bateria, faça-o
de acordo com as leis e diretrizes ambientais locais. Para
informações sobre o programa de reciclagem da Apple,
pontos de coleta e telefone de informações, visite
www.apple.com/br/environment.
Informações sobre o descarte da bateria
Descarte as baterias de acordo com suas leis e diretrizes
ambientais locais.
Deutschland: Dieses Gerät enthält Batterien. Bitte nicht
in den Hausmüll werfen. Entsorgen Sie dieses Gerät am
Ende seines Lebenszyklus entsprechend der maßgeblichen
gesetzlichen Regelungen.
Nederlands: Gebruikte batterijen kunnen worden ingeleverd
bij de chemokar of in een speciale batterijcontainer voor
klein chemisch afval (kca) worden gedeponeerd.
Japan VCCI Class B Statement
Russia
Informações de Modem Externo USB
Ao conectar o seu MacBook Pro à linha telefônica usando
um modem USB externo, consulte as informações da agência
de telecomunicações na documentação fornecida com o
seu modem.
ENERGY STAR® Compliance
As an ENERGY STAR® partner, Apple has determined that
standard configurations of this product meet the ENERGY
STAR® guidelines for energy efficiency. The ENERGY STAR®
program is a partnership with electronic equipment
manufacturers to promote energy-efficient products.
Reducing energy consumption of products saves money and
helps conserve valuable resources.
This computer is shipped with power management enabled
with the computer set to sleep after 10 minutes of user
inactivity. To wake your computer, click the mouse or
trackpad button or press any key on the keyboard.
For more information about ENERGY STAR®, visit:
www.energystar.govContrato de Licença de Software
O uso do MacBook Pro constitui uma aceitação dos termos
da licença de software da Apple e de terceiros, que podem
ser encontrados em: www.apple.com/legal/sla
Garantia Limitada da Apple pelo Prazo
de 1 (Um) Ano - Mac
Somente para Produtos da Marca Apple
COMO A LEI CONSUMERISTA SE APLICA A ESTA GARANTIA
ESTA GARANTIA CONCEDE AO ADQUIRENTE DETERMINADOS
DIREITOS. NO ENTANTO, O CLIENTE TAMBÉM PODERÁ TER
OUTROS DIREITOS QUE VARIAM DE ESTADO PARA ESTADO
(OU DE PAÍS OU PROVÍNCIA). COM EXCEÇÃO DO PERMITIDO
POR LEI, A APPLE NÃO EXCLUI, LIMITA OU SUSPENDE
QUAISQUER DIREITOS DO CLIENTE, INCLUINDO AQUELES
DECORRENTES DA NÃO CONFORMIDADE COM O CONTRATO
DE VENDA. PARA INFORMAÇÃO DE SEUS DIREITOS, O
CLIENTE DEVE CONSULTAR AS LEIS APLICÁVEIS DE SEU PAÍS,
PROVÍNCIA OU ESTADO.
LIMITAÇÕES DA GARANTIA DESDE QUE PERMITIDO POR
LEI, ESTA GARANTIA E AS CONDIÇÕES ORA PREVISTAS
SÃO EXCLUSIVAS E SUBSTITUEM TODAS AS OUTRAS
GARANTIAS, REPARAÇÕES E CONDIÇÕES, SEJAM VERBAIS,
ESCRITAS, ESTATUTÁRIAS, EXPRESSAS OU IMPLÍCITAS.
A APPLE NAO RECONHECE GARANTIAS ESTATUTÁRIAS
E IMPLÍCITAS, INCLUINDO, MAS NÃO SE LIMITANDO
A: GARANTIAS MERCANTIS E DE APTIDÃO PARA USO
ESPECÍFICO E GARANTIAS CONTRA DEFEITOS OCULTOS
OU NÃO APARENTES, NA EXTENSÃO PERMITIDA POR LEI.
NA MEDIDA EM QUE TAIS GARANTIAS NÃO POSSAM SER
DESCONSIDERADAS, A APPLE RESPEITARÁ O PRAZO PREVISTO
EM LEI, LIMITADO AO PRAZO DE DURAÇÃO DA GARANTIA
EXPRESSA E DOS SERVIÇOS DE REPARO OU SUBSTITUIÇÃO
DESCRITOS ABAIXO, A SEU EXCLUSIVO CRITÉRIO. ALGUNS
ESTADOS (PAÍSES E PROVÍNCIAS) NÃO PERMITEM LIMITAÇÕES
DURANTE A VIGÊNCIA DE UMA GARANTIA IMPLÍCITA (OU
CONDIÇÃO), CASO EM QUE AS LIMITAÇÕES ACIMA NÃO SE
APLICARÃO.
O QUE ESTÁ COBERTO POR ESTA GARANTIA? A Apple
garante o produto de hardware da marca Apple e os
acessórios contidos na embalagem original (“Produto
Apple”), contra defeitos nos materiais e mão-de-obra quando
utilizados sob condições normais, de acordo com as diretrizes
da Apple, pelo prazo de 1 (UM) ANO, contado da data da
compra do produto Cliente (“Prazo de Garantia”). As diretrizes
da Apple incluem, mas não se limitam a informações
contidas nas especificações técnicas, nos manuais de uso e
nas comunicações de suporte. O Prazo de Garantia já inclui
o prazo de garantia legal previsto pelo Código de Defesa
do Consumidor.
O QUE NÃO ESTÁ COBERTO POR ESTA GARANTIA? Esta
garantia não é aplicável a nenhum produto de hardware que
não seja da marca Apple e a nenhum software, ainda que
embalado ou vendido com o hardware da Apple. Fabricantes,
China Battery Statement
Taiwan Battery Statement
Substituição da Bateria
A bateria recarregável só pode ser substituída pela Apple
ou por um fornecedor de serviços autorizado Apple. Para
obter mais informações sobre os serviços de substituição da
bateria, consulte:
http://www.apple.com/batteries/replacements.html
Battery Charger Efficiency
020-5563-A
EFUP15chinaHIPÓTESE, A APPLE E SEUS PREPOSTOS NÃO SÃO
RESPONSÁVEIS POR QUALQUER PERDA DE PROGRAMAS DE
SOFTWARE, DADOS OU OUTRAS INFORMAÇÕES CONTIDAS
NA MÍDIA DE ARMAZENAMENTO OU EM QUALQUER OUTRA
PARTE DO PRODUTO APPLE.
Após a realização do suporte em garantia, será entregue ao
Cliente o produto Apple ou um produto da marca Apple, em
substituição, nas mesmas condições ou similar ao produto
inicialmente adquirido, com configurações idênticas ou
similar, estando sujeito, no entanto, às atualizações aplicáveis.
O Cliente será responsável por reinstalar todos os outros
programas de software, dados e informações. Recuperação
e reinstalação de outros programas de software, dados e
informações não estão cobertas por esta garantia.
QUAIS MEDIDAS SERÃO ADOTADAS PELA APPLE, CASO
UM REPARO EM GARANTIA SEJA NECESSÁRIO ? Se durante
o Prazo de Garantia o Cliente submeter uma solicitação
de suporte válida para a Apple ou para uma AASP, a Apple
irá, a seu exclusivo critério, (i) reparar o produto Apple
utilizando peças novas ou, mediante autorização expressa
do Cliente, peças recondicionadas e equivalentes a novas
em termos de desempenho e confiabilidade, (ii) substituir
o produto Apple por outro com funcionalidade equivalente
a do produto Apple e com partes e peças novas e/ou,
mediante autorização expressa do Cliente, recondicionadas
e/ou equivalentes a novas, em termos de desempenho
e confiabilidade, ou (iii) efetuar o reembolso do valor do
produto Apple pelo seu preço de compra.
A Apple poderá solicitar ao Cliente a substituição de certas
peças ou produtos cuja instalação possa ser feita diretamente
pelo Cliente. A peça ou produto de reposição, incluindo a
peça que venha a ser instalada pelo Cliente, de acordo com
as instruções da Apple estarão cobertos pela garantia por
um prazo equivalente ao restante do período da garantia
do produto original ou por 90 (noventa) dias, contados da
data da substituição ou reparo, o que for maior. Na hipótese
de troca do produto ou de partes e peças, bem como
de reembolso do valor do produto ou de partes e peças,
qualquer que seja o item de reposição, tal passará a ser de
propriedade do Cliente, sendo que o item substituído passará
a ser de propriedade da Apple.
COMO OBTER SUPORTE EM GARANTIA? O Cliente deverá
acessar e verificar os recursos de ajuda online abaixo
descritos, antes de solicitar um suporte em garantia. Caso o
produto Apple não esteja funcionando adequadamente após
a adoção das medidas informadas, o Cliente deverá entrar
em contato com um representante da Apple ou, se aplicável,
contatar a loja autorizada Apple (“Loja Apple”), onde o
produto foi adquirido ou uma AASP, conforme instruções
abaixo. Um representante da Apple ou de uma AASP
verificará se o produto Apple necessita ou não de suporte e,
caso positivo, informará o Cliente como a Apple realizará o
suporte. Ao contatar a Apple por telefone, tarifas telefônicas
poderão ser cobradas, dependendo da localidade do Cliente.
Informações online com os detalhes sobre a obtenção de
suporte em garantia constam ao final deste documento.
fornecedores ou editores que não fazem parte do grupo
Apple poderão fornecer suas próprias garantias ao Cliente.
A Apple, na medida permitida por lei, fornece os produtos
“NO ESTADO EM QUE SE ENCONTRAM”. O software distribuído
pela Apple, da marca Apple ou não (incluindo, mas, não se
limitando ao software de sistema) não está coberto por esta
garantia. O Cliente deverá verificar o contrato de licença
que acompanha o software para obter informações mais
detalhadas sobre os direitos de uso do referido software. A
Apple não garante que o funcionamento do produto será
ininterrupto ou livre de erros. A Apple não é responsável por
danos decorrentes de falha no cumprimento das instruções
relacionadas ao uso dos Produtos Apple.
Esta garantia não é aplicável: (a) a peças consumíveis, tais
como baterias, a não ser que o dano tenha ocorrido devido
a um defeito no material ou mão-de-obra; (b) a danos
cosméticos, que incluem mas, não se limitam a, arranhões,
amassados e plástico quebrado nas portas; (c) a danos
causados pelo uso em conjunto com outros produtos;
(d) a danos causados por acidente, abuso, mau uso,
contato com líquidos, incêndio, terremoto ou outras
causas de origem externa; (e) a danos causados pelo uso
do produto em desacordo com as diretrizes publicadas
pela Apple; (f) a danos causados por serviços (incluindo
upgrades e expansões) prestados por qualquer pessoa
que não seja um representante da Apple ou uma
Assistência Técnica Autorizada Apple (“AASP”); (g) a um
Produto Apple que tenha sido modificado de modo a
alterar a sua funcionalidade ou a sua capacidade, sem a
permissão por escrito da Apple; (h) a defeitos causados por
desgaste natural ou de outra maneira devido ao desgaste
normal do Produto Apple; ou (i) se qualquer número de
série do produto Apple tiver sido removido ou alterado.
RESPONSABILIDADES DO CLIENTE CASO HAJA
POSSIBILIDADE DE ARMAZENAR PROGRAMAS DE SOFTWARE
DADOS OU QUALQUER OUTRA INFORMAÇÃO EM SEU
PRODUTO APPLE, O CLIENTE DEVERÁ EFETUAR CÓPIAS
DE PROTEÇÃO (BACKUP) PERIÓDICAS DAS INFORMAÇÕES
CONTIDAS NA MÍDIA DE ARMAZENAMENTO DO PRODUTO
APPLE COMO FORMA DE PROTEÇÃO DOS CONTEÚDOS E DE
PRECAUÇÃO CONTRA EVENTUAIS FALHAS OPERACIONAIS.
Antes de receber um suporte em garantia, a Apple ou seus
prepostos poderão solicitar ao Cliente que o mesmo forneça
a prova de compra (nota fiscal), responda às perguntas
formuladas para auxílio no diagnóstico de potenciais
problemas e siga os procedimentos da Apple para obtenção
de suporte em garantia. Antes de enviar seu produto Apple
para reparo em garantia, o Cliente deverá: manter em
separado uma cópia (backup) dos conteúdos da mídia de
armazenamento, remover todas as informações pessoais
que pretenda proteger e desabilitar todas as senhas de
segurança.
DURANTE A REALIZAÇÃO DO REPARO EM GARANTIA
É POSSÍVEL QUE O CONTEÚDO DA MÍDIA DE
ARMAZENAMENTO DO PRODUTO APPLE SEJAM PERDIDOS,
SUBSTITUÍDOS OU REFORMATADOS. EM QUALQUER A Apple se reserva o direito de alterar seus critérios de
suporte em garantia. O suporte fica limitado às opções
disponíveis no País em que o suporte é solicitado. Opções
de suporte, disponibilidade de partes e peças e tempo de
resposta podem variar de País para País. O Cliente poderá
ser responsável pelas despesas de envio e mão de obra, se
o produto Apple não puder ser reparado no País em que
estiver. Se o Cliente solicitar suporte em um país que não
seja o país da compra do produto Apple, o Cliente deverá
cumprir com todas as leis e regulamentos de importação
e exportação aplicáveis e se responsabilizar por todas as
taxas alfandegárias, impostos adicionais e outras cobranças
e tributos associados. Para locais em que o serviço
internacional estiver disponível, a Apple poderá reparar ou
substituir produto, partes e peças com produtos e peças
similares que atendam os padrões locais.
LIMITAÇÃO DE RESPONSABILIDADE EXCETO CONFORME
PREVISTO NESTA GARANTIA E NA MEDIDA MÁXIMA
PERMITIDA PELA LEGISLAÇÃO APLICÁVEL, A APPLE
NÃO É RESPONSÁVEL POR DANOS DIRETOS, ESPECIAIS,
INCIDENTAIS OU SUPERVENIENTES RESULTANTES DE
QUALQUER VIOLAÇÃO DE GARANTIA OU CONDIÇÃO, OU
SOB QUALQUER OUTRA TEORIA LEGAL, INCLUINDO MAS,
NÃO SE LIMITANDO A PERDA DE UTILIDADE; PERDA DE
RENDA; LUCROS CESSANTES PRESENTES OU ANTECIPADOS
(INCLUINDO LUCROS CESSANTES EM CONTRATOS); PERDA
DO USO DO DINHEIRO; PERDA DE POUPANÇA ANTECIPADA;
PERDA DO NEGÓCIO; PERDA DE OPORTUNIDADE; PERDA DE
FUNDO DE COMÉRCIO (GOODWILL); PERDA DE REPUTAÇÃO;
PERDA, DANOS, COMPROMETIMENTO OU CORRUPÇÃO DE
DADOS OU QUAISQUER PERDAS OU DANOS INDIRETOS
OU SUPERVENIENTES, INDEPENDENTEMENTE DA FORMA
COMO FORAM CAUSADOS, INCLUINDO A SUBSTITUIÇÃO
DE EQUIPAMENTO E PROPRIEDADE, QUAISQUER CUSTOS
DE RECUPERAÇÃO, PROGRAMAÇÃO OU REPRODUÇÃO
DE QUALQUER PROGRAMA OU DADO ARMAZENADO
OU UTILIZADO COM O PRODUTO APPLE OU QUALQUER
FALHA EM MANTER A CONFIDENCIALIDADE DOS DADOS
ARMAZENADOS NO PRODUTO APPLE.
A RESTRIÇÃO ACIMA NÃO SE APLICA ÀS REIVINDICAÇÕES
POR MORTE OU LESÃO CORPORAL OU A QUALQUER
OBRIGAÇÃO ESTATUTÁRIA POR ATOS E/OU OMISSÕES
INTENCIONAIS. A APPLE NÃO FORNECE QUALQUER
GARANTIA DE QUE REPARARÁ QUALQUER PRODUTO
APPLE SOB ESTA GARANTIA OU DE QUE FARÁ A TROCA DE
PRODUTO APPLE SEM RISCO OU PERDA DE INFORMAÇÕES
ARMAZENADAS NO PRODUTO APPLE.
ALGUNS ESTADOS (PAÍSES E PROVÍNCIAS) NÃO PERMITEM
A EXCLUSÃO OU LIMITAÇÃO DE DANOS INCIDENTAIS OU
INDIRETOS, DE FORMA QUE A LIMITAÇÃO OU EXCLUSÃO
ACIMA PODE NÃO SER APLICÁVEL.
PRIVACIDADE A Apple irá manter e usar as informações
do Cliente de acordo com a Política da Apple referente
de Privacidade do Cliente, disponível no endereço
www.apple.com/legal/warranty/privacy.
OPÇÕES DE SUPORTE EM GARANTIA A Apple fornecerá
suporte em garantia por meio de uma das seguintes opções:
(i) Suporte mediante entrega pessoal. O Cliente poderá
enviar o produto Apple para uma Loja Apple ou AASP
mediante entrega pessoal. O serviço será realizado no
próprio local, ou a Loja Apple ou a AASP poderão enviar o
produto Apple para reparo em um Centro de Reparo Apple
(“ARS”). Quando o Cliente for notificado acerca da conclusão
do serviço, o Cliente deve, imediatamente, retirar o Produto
Apple da Loja Apple ou da AASP ou o Produto Apple será
enviado diretamente do ARS para o endereço previamente
informado pelo Cliente.
(ii) Suporte mediante postagem. Caso a Apple determine
que o produto Apple do Cliente é elegível ao suporte
mediante postagem, a Apple enviará os documentos de
postagem pré-pago ao Cliente e, se aplicável, material de
embalagem, para que o Cliente possa enviar o Produto
Apple para um ARS ou uma AASP, de acordo com as
instruções da Apple. Quando da finalização do serviço, o
ARS ou a AASP devolverá o produto Apple ao cliente. A
Apple efetuará o pagamento dos custos de envio de e para a
localidade do Cliente, se todas as instruções forem seguidas.
(iii) Auto-Suporte (“Serviço DIY”). O Serviço DIY permite que
o Cliente repare seu próprio Produto Apple. Se o Serviço DIY
estiver disponível, o seguinte procedimento será aplicável.
(a) Suporte em que a Apple solicita o retorno do produto
ou parte(s) substituída(s). A Apple poderá solicitar, por
segurança, uma autorização de cobrança em cartão de
crédito, no valor de varejo do produto ou da peça de
substituição e custos de envio aplicáveis. Caso o Cliente
não possa fornecer a autorização de cobrança em cartão
de crédito, o Serviço DIY poderá não estar disponível ao
Cliente e a Apple oferecerá meios alternativos de suporte. A
Apple irá enviar um produto ou uma peça de substituição
para o Cliente com instruções de instalação, se aplicável, e
quaisquer outras instruções para o retorno do produto ou
da(s) peça(s) substituída(s). Se o Cliente seguir as instruções,
a Apple irá cancelar a autorização de cobrança em cartão de
crédito e o Cliente não será cobrado pelo produto ou pela
peça, bem como pelo envio de e para sua localização. Se o
Cliente não retornar o produto ou a(s) peça(s) substituída(s)
como instruído ou se devolver um produto ou uma peça
que não seja elegível para suporte, a Apple irá debitar no
cartão de crédito do Cliente o valor autorizado.
(b) Suporte em que a Apple não solicita o retorno do
produto ou parte(s) substituída(s). A Apple irá enviar
ao Cliente, sem custos, um produto ou uma peça de
substituição acompanhada de instruções de instalação, se
aplicável, e quaisquer outras instruções.
(c) A Apple não é responsável por quaisquer custos de
mão de obra que o Cliente venha a incorrer com relação ao
Serviço DIY. Caso o Cliente necessite de assistência adicional,
deverá contatar a Apple através do número de telefone
listado abaixo.Região/País de
Aquisição
Endereço
ÁSIA - PACÍFICO
Austrália; Nova
Zelândia; Fiji,
Papua Nova Guiné;
Vanuatu
Apple Pty. Limited.
PO Box A2629, Sydney South,
NSW 1235, Australia
Hong Kong Apple Asia Limited
2401 Tower One, Times Square,
Causeway Bay; Hong Kong
Índia Apple India Private Ltd.
19th Floor, Concorde Tower C,
UB City No 24, Vittal Mallya Road,
Bangalore 560-001, India
Japão Apple Japan Inc.
3-20-2 Nishishinjuku,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Coreia Apple Korea Ltd.
3201, ASEM Tower; 159,
Samsung-dong, Gangnam-Gu;
Seoul 135-798, Republic of Korea
Afeganistão,
Bangladesh, Butão,
Brunei, Camboja,
Guam, Indonésia,
Laos, Singapura,
Malásia, Nepal,
Paquistão, Filipinas,
Sri Lanka, Vietnã
Apple South Asia Pte. Ltd.
7 Ang Mo Kio Street 64
Singapore 569086
República Popular
da China
Apple Computer Trading
(Shanghai) Co. Ltd.
Room 1815, No. 1 Jilong Road,
Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone,
Shanghai 200131 China
Tailândia Apple South Asia
(Thailand) Limited
25th Floor, Suite B2, Siam Tower,
989 Rama 1 Road, Pataumwan,
Bangkok, 10330
Taiwan Apple Asia LLC
16A, No. 333 Tun Hwa S. Road.
Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan 106
Outros Países da
Ásia - Pacífico
Apple Inc.
1 Infinite Loop;
Cupertino, CA 95014, U.S.A.
032212 Mac Warranty LatAM Portuguese v2
DISPOSIÇÕES GERAIS Nenhum revendedor, agente ou
empregado da Apple está autorizado a efetuar qualquer
modificação, extensão ou adição a esta garantia. Se qualquer
termo for considerado ilegal ou inaplicável, a legalidade ou
a aplicabilidade dos termos restantes não serão afetadas ou
prejudicadas. Esta garantia é regida e interpretada de acordo
com as leis do País em que a compra do Produto Apple foi
realizada. A Apple está identificada no final deste documento,
de acordo com o País ou região em que a compra do
produto Apple foi realizada. A Apple ou seus sucessores
são os garantidores desta garantia.
INFORMAÇÕES ONLINE Maiores informações estão
disponíveis online:
Informações de Suporte
Internacional
www.apple.com/support/country
Assistências Técnicas
Autorizadas Apple
support.apple.com/kb/HT1434
Loja de Varejo Apple www.apple.com/retail/storelist/
Suporte e Serviço
da Apple
support.apple.com/kb/HE57
Suporte Complementar
da Apple
www.apple.com/support/country/
index.html?dest=complimentary
Localidade Da Garantia Por Região Ou País
De Aquisição Do Produto Apple
Região/País de
Aquisição
Endereço
AMÉRICAS
Brasil Apple Computer Brasil Ltda
Av. Cidade Jardim 400, 2 Andar,
Sao Paulo, SP Brasil 01454-901
Canadá Apple Canada Inc.
7495 Birchmount Rd.; Markham,
Ontario, Canada; L3R 5G2 Canada
México Apple Operations Mexico,
S.A. de C.V.
Prolongación Paseo de la
Reforma #600, Suite 132,
Colonia Peña Blanca, Santa Fé,
Delegación Álvaro Obregón,
México D. F., CP 01210, Mexico
Estados Unidos
da América e
demais países
do continente
Americano
Apple Inc.
1 Infinite Loop;
Cupertino, CA 95014, U.S.A.
EUROPA, ORIENTE MÉDIO E ÁFRICA
Todos os Países Apple Distribution International
Hollyhill Industrial Estate
Hollyhill, Cork,
Republic of Ireland© 2012 Apple Inc. Todos os direitos reservados.
Apple, o lgotipo da Apple, AirPort Extreme, iPod, Mac, MacBook e MagSafe são marcas comerciais da Apple Inc., registradas nos
EUA e em outros países. Apple Store e AppleCare são marcas de serviço da Apple Inc., registradas nos EUA e em outros países.
A marca Bluetooth® e seus logotipos são marcas registradas de propriedade da Bluetooth SIG, Inc. e qualquer uso de tais
marcas pela Apple Inc. se realiza sob licença. ENERGY STAR® é uma marca registrada nos EUA.
BR034-6359-A
Printed in XXXX
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MacBook Air????????????????????????????
MagSafe 2 ????????IT??????????????
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Equipment?IEC 60950-1)?????????????????
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MagSafe 2 ?????:
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????:100 ~ 240 V
????:14.85 V DC?3.05 A
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???????? 100°C(212°F)??????????????
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?????????????????MacBook Air ??IT????
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MagSafe 2 ??????(45W)MacBook Air????????
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???? ???????????? MacBook Air ???????
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?????:10°~ 35° C(50°~ 95° F)
?????:-20°~ 45° C(-4°~ 113° F)
????:5%~ 90%(???????)
????:0~ 3048????(0~ 10,000 ????)
MacBook Air????? MacBook Air????????????
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?????(???? 22°C??? 71°F)???????????
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MacBook Air????? MacBook Air????????????
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???? MacBook Air ???90?????????????
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??????????? Web ?????????????
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??:0120-27753-5
Outside Japan: (81) 3-5334-2096
www.apple.com/support/country
???????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????? Web ?
???????????:
www.apple.com/jp/support/contact
????????????
FCC Compliance Statement
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation
is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device
may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must
accept any interference received, including interference
that may cause undesired operation. See instructions if
interference to radio or television reception is suspected.
Radio and Television Interference
This computer equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and
used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s
instructions—it may cause interference with radio and
television reception.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with
the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the
specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications
are designed to provide reasonable protection against such
interference in a residential installation. However, there is
no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation.
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www.apple.com/about/ergonomics
??????????
Apple Inc.??????????????????????????
?????????????????
??????? Web ????????????:
www.apple.com/jp/environment
?????????????
MacBook Air ?????? ??????????????????
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???????????? MacBook Air?????????????
???????????????????????????????Apple
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?????? D?????????????AHT????????FCC Bluetooth
®
Wireless Compliance
The antenna used with this transmitter must not be
colocated or operated in conjunction with any other antenna
or transmitter subject to the conditions of the FCC Grant.
Canadian Compliance Statement
This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt
RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference,
and (2) this device must accept any interference, including
interference that may cause undesired operation of the
device.
Cet appareil est conforme aux normes CNR exemptes de
licence d’Industrie Canada. Le fonctionnement est soumis
aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) cet appareil ne doit
pas provoquer d’interférences et (2) cet appareil doit
accepter toute interférence, y compris celles susceptibles de
provoquer un fonctionnement non souhaité de l’appareil.
Bluetooth Industry Canada Statement
This Class B device meets all requirements of the Canadian
interference-causing equipment regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la Class B respecte toutes les
exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.
Industry Canada Statement
Complies with the Canadian ICES-003 Class B specifications.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la
norme NMB-003 du Canada. This device complies with RSS
210 of Industry Canada.
European Compliance Statement
This product complies with the requirements of European
Directives 2006/95/EC, 2004/108/EC, and 1999/5/EC.
Europe–EU Declaration of Conformity
????????? Apple Inc. ?????????, ?? ???? MacBook Air ?
? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ? ???????
????????? ??????? ?? ????????? 1999/5/??.
Cesky Spolecnost Apple Inc. tímto prohlašuje, že tento
MacBook Air je ve shode se základními požadavky a dalšími
príslušnými ustanoveními smernice 1999/5/ES.
Dansk Undertegnede Apple Inc. erklærer herved, at
følgende udstyr MacBook Air overholder de væsentlige krav
og øvrige relevante krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF.
Deutsch Hiermit erklärt Apple Inc., dass sich das
MacBook Air in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden
Anforderungen und den übrigen einschlägigen
Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 1999/5/EG befinden.
You can determine whether your computer system is causing
interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was
probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral
devices.
If your computer system does cause interference to radio or
television reception, try to correct the interference by using
one or more of the following measures:
 Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference
stops.
 Move the computer to one side or the other of the
television or radio.
 Move the computer farther away from the television
or radio.
 Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different
circuit from the television or radio. (That is, make certain
the computer and the television or radio are on circuits
controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)
If necessary, consult an Apple Authorized Service Provider or
Apple. See the service and support information that came
with your Apple product. Or consult an experienced radio/
television technician for additional suggestions.
Important: Changes or modifications to this product not
authorized by Apple Inc. could void the EMC compliance and
negate your authority to operate the product.
This product has demonstrated EMC compliance under
conditions that included the use of compliant peripheral
devices and shielded cables (including Ethernet network
cables) between system components. It is important that
you use compliant peripheral devices and shielded cables
between system components to reduce the possibility of
causing interference to radios, television sets, and other
electronic devices.
Responsible party (contact for FCC matters only):
Apple Inc. Corporate Compliance
1 Infinite Loop, MS 91-1EMC
Cupertino, CA 95014
Wireless Radio Use
This device is restricted to indoor use when operating in the
5.15 to 5.25 GHz frequency band.
Cet appareil doit être utilisé à l’intérieur.
Exposure to Radio Frequency Energy
The radiated output power of the AirPort Extreme
technology is below the FCC and EU radio frequency
exposure limits. Nevertheless, it is advised to use the wireless
equipment in such a manner that the potential for human
contact during normal operation is minimized.Slovensko Apple Inc. izjavlja, da je ta MacBook Air skladne
z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi ustreznimi dolocili
direktive 1999/5/ES.
Slovensky Apple Inc. týmto vyhlasuje, že toto MacBook Air
splna základné požiadavky a všetky príslušné ustanovenia
Smernice 1999/5/ES.
Suomi Apple Inc. vakuuttaa täten, että tämä MacBook Air
tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten
vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen
mukainen.
Svenska Härmed intygar Apple Inc. att denna MacBook Air
står i överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav
och övriga relevanta bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv
1999/5/EG.
A copy of the EU Declaration of Conformity is available at:
www.apple.com/euro/compliance
This equipment can be used in the following countries:
European Community Restrictions
Français Pour usage en intérieur uniquement. Consultez
l’Autorité de Régulation des Communications Electroniques
et des Postes (ARCEP) pour connaître les limites d’utilisation
des canaux 1 à 13. www.arcep.fr
Korea Warning Statements
B???(??????????)
???????(B?) ???????????
????????????????, ???
???????????.
????????????
????????????????????
????????????????????????
???? ?? ? ??
Singapore Wireless Certification
Eesti Käesolevaga kinnitab Apple Inc., et see MacBook Air
vastab direktiivi 1999/5/EÜ põhinõuetele ja nimetatud
direktiivist tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele.
English Hereby, Apple Inc. declares that this MacBook Air
is in compliance with the essential requirements and other
relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.
Español Por medio de la presente Apple Inc. declara que
este MacBook Air cumple con los requisitos esenciales y
cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la
Directiva 1999/5/CE.
???????? Me t?? pa???sa, ? Apple Inc. d????e? ?t? a?t?
? s?s?e?? MacBook Air s?µµ??f??eta? p??? t?? ßas????
apa?t?se?? ?a? t?? ???p?? s?et???? d?ata´?e?? t?? ?d???a?
1999/5/??.
Français Par la présente Apple Inc. déclare que l’appareil
MacBook Air est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux
autres dispositions pertinentes de la directive 1999/5/CE.
Islenska Apple Inc. lýsir því hér með yfir að þetta tæki
MacBook Air fullnægir lágmarkskröfum og öðrum
viðeigandi ákvæðum Evróputilskipunar 1999/5/EC.
Italiano Con la presente Apple Inc. dichiara che questo
dispositivo MacBook Air è conforme ai requisiti essenziali
ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva
1999/5/CE.
Latviski Ar šo Apple Inc. deklare, ka MacBook Air ierice
atbilst Direktivas 1999/5/EK butiskajam prasibam un citiem
ar to saistitajiem noteikumiem.
Lietuviu Šiuo „Apple Inc.“ deklaruoja, kad šis MacBook Air
atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 1999/5/EB Direktyvos
nuostatas.
Magyar Alulírott, Apple Inc. nyilatkozom, hogy
a MacBook Air megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ
követelményeknek és az 1999/5/EC irányelv egyéb
elõírásainak.
Malti Hawnhekk, Apple Inc., jiddikjara li dan MacBook Air
jikkonforma mal-htigijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti
ohrajn relevanti li hemm fid-Dirrettiva 1999/5/EC.
Nederlands Hierbij verklaart Apple Inc. dat het toestel
MacBook Air in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen
en de andere bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EG.
Norsk Apple Inc. erklærer herved at dette MacBook Air
-apparatet er i samsvar med de grunnleggende kravene og
øvrige relevante krav i EU-direktivet 1999/5/EF.
Polski Niniejszym Apple Inc. oswiadcza, ze ten MacBook Air
sa zgodne z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostalymi
stosownymi postanowieniami Dyrektywy 1999/5/EC.
Português Apple Inc. declara que este dispositivo
MacBook Air está em conformidade com os requisitos
essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva 1999/5/CE.
Româna Prin prezenta, Apple Inc. declara ca acest aparat
MacBook Air este în conformitate cu cerintele esentiale si cu
celelalte prevederi relevante ale Directivei 1999/5/CE.ENERGY STAR
®
Compliance
As an ENERGY STAR® partner, Apple has determined that
standard configurations of this product meet the ENERGY
STAR® guidelines for energy efficiency. The ENERGY STAR®
program is a partnership with electronic equipment
manufacturers to promote energy-efficient products.
Reducing energy consumption of products saves money and
helps conserve valuable resources.
This computer is shipped with power management enabled
with the computer set to sleep after 10 minutes of user
inactivity. To wake your computer, click the mouse or
trackpad button or press any key on the keyboard.
For more information about ENERGY STAR®, visit:
www.energystar.gov
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???????????????????????????????
?????Apple???????????????????????
?????????????????
Apple??????????????????? Web ??????
??????:www.apple.com/jp/recycling
European Union—Disposal Information
The symbol above means that according to local laws and
regulations your product should be disposed of separately
from household waste. When this product reaches its end
of life, take it to a collection point designated by local
authorities. Some collection points accept products for free.
The separate collection and recycling of your product at the
time of disposal will help conserve natural resources and
ensure that it is recycled in a manner that protects human
health and the environment.
Türkiye
EEE yönetmeligine (Elektrikli ve Elektronik Esyalarda Bazi
Zararli Maddelerin Kullaniminin Sinirlandirilmasina Dair
Yönetmelik) uygundur.
Taiwan Wireless Statements
Taiwan Class B Statement
??
?????????????????
???????????????
Japan VCCI Class B Statement
Russia
?? USB?????????
?? USB???????? MacBook Air ???????????
???????????????????????????????
??????020-5563-A
EFUP1??5china ??????????
MacBook Air ??????? Web ??????????? Apple
???????????????????????????????
?:www.apple.com/jp/legal/sla
Apple?? 1????? - Mac
Apple??????
??????????? ??????????????: ???
???????????? Competition and Consumer Act
2010 ????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
???????
Brasil—Informações sobre descarte e reciclagem
O símbolo acima indica que este produto e/ou sua bateria
não devem ser descartadas no lixo doméstico. Quando
decidir descartar este produto e/ou sua bateria, faça-o
de acordo com as leis e diretrizes ambientais locais. Para
informações sobre o programa de reciclagem da Apple,
pontos de coleta e telefone de informações, visite
www.apple.com/br/environment.
??????????????
???????????????????????????????
????????
Deutschland: Dieses Gerät enthält Batterien. Bitte nicht
in den Hausmüll werfen. Entsorgen Sie dieses Gerät am
Ende seines Lebenszyklus entsprechend der maßgeblichen
gesetzlichen Regelungen.
Nederlands: Gebruikte batterijen kunnen worden ingeleverd
bij de chemokar of in een speciale batterijcontainer voor
klein chemisch afval (kca) worden gedeponeerd.
China Battery Statement
Taiwan Battery Statement
????????
????????? Apple??? Apple????????????
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http://www.apple.com/jp/batteries/replacements.html???
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Battery Charger E?ciency?????? ???? Apple?????????????????
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???????????????????? Apple???????
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???????????(???AASP??????)??????
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Apple????????????????(i)Apple???????
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???????? Apple?????????????? Apple??
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privacy???????Apple??????????????????
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http://www.apple.com/support/
country
Apple???????
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http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1434
Apple??? http://www.apple.com/retail/storelist/
Apple???????
????
http://support.apple.com/kb/HE57
Apple?????? http://www.apple.com/support/
country/index.
html?dest=complimentary
???????????? Apple????????? 1 ?????
??????????????????? :
(i) ??????(????)??????????Apple??????
?????????????? Apple?????? AASP????
????????????????????????????????
??? Apple??????? AASP????? Apple???
Apple??????(???ARS??????)?????????
???????????????????????????????
????????? Apple?????? AASP?????????
? Apple????????????????? Apple?????
ARS???????????????
(ii) ??????????Apple????? Apple????????
?????????????????????Apple ??????
Apple??????? ARS??? AASP??????? Apple?
???????????Apple?????????????????
????????????????????ARS??? AASP????
?????????????????Apple???????????
?????????????????????????????
(iii) Do-It-Yourself(DIY)??????(????????)????
???????????? DIY?????????????????
????? Apple?????????????????DIY????
??????????????????????????????
(a)??????????????????Apple???????
???????????????????????????????
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(b)???????????????????Apple??????
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(c)Apple??DIY??????????????????????
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? Apple???????????????
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???????????????????????????????
???????????????????? /?? ???
?? Apple Japan Inc.
3-20-2 Nishishinjuku,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
?? Apple Korea Ltd.
3201, ASEM Tower; 159,
Samsung-dong, Gangnam-Gu;
Seoul 135-798, Republic of Kore
?????????????
?????????????
?????????????
?????????????
?????????????
?????????????
?????????
Apple South Asia Pte. Ltd.
7 Ang Mo Kio Street 64
Singapore 569086
??????? Apple Computer Trading
(Shanghai) Co. Ltd.
Room 1815, Tower Building, No. 1,
Ji Long Road, Wai Gao Qiao Free
Trade Zone, Shanghai, P.R.C.
?? Apple South Asia (Thailand)
Limited
25th Floor, Suite B2, Siam Tower,
989 Rama 1 Road, Pataumwan,
Bangkok, 10330
?? Apple Asia LLC
16A, No. 333 Tun Hwa S. Road.
Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan 106
?????????
??
Apple Inc.
1 Infinite Loop;
Cupertino, CA 95014, U.S.A.
032212 Mac Warranty Japanese v2
????????????????
??? /?? ???
??????
???? Apple Computer Brasil Ltda
Av. Cidade Jardim 400, 2 Andar,
Sao Paulo, SP Brasil 01454-901
??? Apple Canada Inc.
7495 Birchmount Rd.; Markham,
Ontario, Canada; L3R 5G2 Canada
???? Apple Operations Mexico,
S.A. de C.V.
Prolongación Paseo de la
Reforma #600, Suite 132,
Colonia Peña Blanca, Santa Fé,
Delegación Álvaro Obregón,
México D. F., CP 01210, Mexico
?????????????
????
Apple Inc.
1 Infinite Loop;
Cupertino, CA 95014, U.S.A.
?????????????
????? Apple Distribution International
Hollyhill Industrial Estate
Hollyhill, Cork,
Republic of Ireland
??????
?????????????
????????????
???????????
Apple Pty. Ltd.
PO Box A2629, South Sydney,
NSW 1235, Australia
?? Apple Asia Limited
2401 Tower One, Times Square,
Causeway Bay; Hong Kong
??? Apple India Private Ltd.
19th Floor, Concorde Tower C, UB
City No 24, Vittal Mallya Road,
Bangalore 560-001, India© 2012 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
Apple?Apple???iPod?Mac?MacBook???? MagSafe ??????????????? Apple Inc.??????AirMac Extreme
? Apple Inc.??????Apple Store??? AppleCare ??????????????? Apple Inc.???????????Bluetooth®
??????????? Bluetooth SIG, Inc.?????????????????Apple Inc.?????????????????????
?????ENERGY STAR®???????????
J034-6356-A
Printed in XXXX
Congratulations, you and your MacBook Air
were made for each other.Mission Control
A bird’s-eye view
of what’s running
on your Mac.
Help Center
mission control
OS X Lion
www.apple.com/macosx
Full screen
Make apps
full screen
with a click.
Help Center
full screen
Mac App Store
The best way
to discover
and download
Mac apps.
Help Center
mac app store
launchpad
Launchpad
Instant access
to all your apps
in one place.
Help Center
iPhoto
Organize, edit,
and share
your photos.
iPhoto Help
photos
iMovie
Turn home
videos into home
blockbusters.
iMovie Help
movie
GarageBand
Create greatsounding songs
with ease.
GarageBand Help
record
Mail
Group your
messages by
conversations.
Help Center
mail
HELLO FROM
CUPERTINO, CA
Pinch to zoom Rotate images Scroll up or down View Mission
Control
Swipe between
full-screen apps
Click anywhere
Welcome to your MacBook Air.
www.apple.com/macbookair
Multi-Touch trackpad
Use gestures like these
to control your Mac.
Help Center
gestures
facetime
Built-in FaceTime
camera
Make video calls
to the latest iPad,
iPhone, iPod touch,
or Mac.
Help Center
Thunderbolt
high-speed I/O
Connect
high-performance
devices and
displays.
Help Center
thunderbolt
MacBook AirMission Control
A bird’s-eye view
of what’s running
on your Mac.
Help Center
mission control
OS X Lion
www.apple.com/macosx
Full screen
Make apps
full screen
with a click.
Help Center
full screen
Mac App Store
The best way
to discover
and download
Mac apps.
Help Center
mac app store
launchpad
Launchpad
Instant access
to all your apps
in one place.
Help Center
iPhoto
Organize, edit,
and share
your photos.
iPhoto Help
photos
iMovie
Turn home
videos into home
blockbusters.
iMovie Help
movie
GarageBand
Create greatsounding songs
with ease.
GarageBand Help
record
Mail
Group your
messages by
conversations.
Help Center
mail
HELLO FROM
CUPERTINO, CA
Pinch to zoom Rotate images Scroll up or down View Mission
Control
Swipe between
full-screen apps
Click anywhere
Welcome to your MacBook Air.
www.apple.com/macbookair
Multi-Touch trackpad
Use gestures like these
to control your Mac.
Help Center
gestures
facetime
Built-in FaceTime
camera
Make video calls
to the latest iPad,
iPhone, iPod touch,
or Mac.
Help Center
Thunderbolt
high-speed I/O
Connect
high-performance
devices and
displays.
Help Center
thunderbolt
MacBook AirContents 5
Contents
Chapter 1: Ready, Set Up, Go
8 Welcome
9 What’s in the Box
9 Setting Up Your MacBook Air
15 Getting Additional Information onto Your MacBook Air
18 Putting Your MacBook Air to Sleep or Shutting It Down
Chapter 2: Life with Your MacBook Air
22 Basic Features of Your MacBook Air
24 Keyboard Features of Your MacBook Air
26 Ports on Your MacBook Air
28 Using the Multi-Touch Trackpad
32 Running Your MacBook Air on Battery Power
33 Getting Answers
Chapter 3: Problem, Meet Solution
38 An Ounce of Prevention
39 Problems That Prevent You from Using Your MacBook Air
42 Repairing, Restoring, or Reinstalling Mac OS X Software
46 Checking for a Hardware Problem6 Contents
47 Problems with Your Internet Connection
48 Problems with Wi-Fi Communication
49 Keeping Your Software Up to Date
50 Learning More, Service, and Support
52 Locating Your Product Serial Number
Chapter 4: Last, but Not Least
54 Important Safety Information
59 Important Handling Information
61 Understanding Ergonomics
63 Apple and the Environment
64 Regulatory Compliance Information
Looking for Something?
70 IndexMac Help Migration Assistant
www.apple.com/macosx
Help Center Migration Assistant
www.apple.com/macbookair
Ready, Set Up, Go
18 Chapter 1 Ready, Set Up, Go
Welcome
Congratulations on purchasing a MacBook Air. Your MacBook Air is streamlined for
portability and a completely wireless experience. Read this chapter for help setting up
and using your MacBook Air.
 If you know you won’t be migrating information from another Mac or Windows
computer (PC), and you’d like to get started using your MacBook Air right away,
you can follow the Setup Assistant to set up your MacBook Air quickly. For more
information, see page 12.
 If you want to migrate information from another Mac or PC to your MacBook Air,
you can use Setup Assistant to specify the Mac or PC whose information you want to
transfer. For more information, see page 12.
 After you set up your MacBook Air, if you want to get content from DVDs or CDs
onto your MacBook Air, you can set up one or more Macs or PCs to partner with your
MacBook Air. For more information, see page 15.
You can browse and download free or purchased applications from the Mac App Store,
which you can open from Launchpad or your Dock.
Important: Read all the installation instructions (and the safety information starting on
page 54) carefully before you first use your MacBook Air.
Many answers to questions can be found on your MacBook Air in Help Center. For
information about using Help Center, see “Getting Answers” on page 33. Apple may
release new versions and updates to its system software, so the images shown in
this book may be slightly different from what you see onscreen.Chapter 1 Ready, Set Up, Go 9
What’s in the Box
AC power cord
AC
plug
45W MagSafe Power Adapter
Important: Remove the protective film covering the 45W MagSafe Power Adapter
before setting up your MacBook Air.
Setting Up Your MacBook Air
Your MacBook Air is designed so that you can set it up quickly and start using it right
away. The following pages take you through the setup process, including these tasks:
 Plugging in the 45W MagSafe Power Adapter
 Turning on your MacBook Air
 Using Setup Assistant to access a network and configure a user account and other
settings
 Setting up the Mac OS X desktop and preferences10 Chapter 1 Ready, Set Up, Go
Step 1: Plug in the 45W MagSafe Power Adapter to provide power to the
MacBook Air and charge the battery.
Make sure the AC plug is fully inserted into the power adapter and the electrical
prongs on your AC plug are in their completely extended position. Insert the AC
plug of your power adapter into a power outlet and the MagSafe connector into the
MagSafe power port. As the MagSafe connector gets close to the port, you’ll feel a
magnetic pull drawing it in.
¯
AC power cord
AC plug MagSafe connector MagSafe power port
To extend the reach of your power adapter, replace the AC plug with the included AC
power cord. First pull the AC plug up to remove it from the adapter, and then attach
the AC power cord to the adapter, making sure it’s seated firmly. Plug the other end
into a power outlet.
When disconnecting the power adapter from an outlet or from your MacBook Air,
pull the plug, not the cord.Chapter 1 Ready, Set Up, Go 11
When you connect the power adapter to your MacBook Air, the indicator light on
the MagSafe connector starts to glow. An amber light indicates that the battery is
charging. A green light indicates that the battery is fully charged. If you don’t see a
light, make sure the connector is seated properly and the power adapter is plugged
into a working power outlet.
Step 2: Press the power button (®) briefly to turn on your MacBook Air.
The power button is located in the upper right corner of your keyboard.When you turn
on your MacBook Air, you hear a startup tone.
® Power button
It takes your MacBook Air a few moments to start up. After it starts up, Setup Assistant
opens automatically.
If your MacBook Air doesn’t turn on, see page 40.12 Chapter 1 Ready, Set Up, Go
Step 3: Configure your MacBook Air with Setup Assistant.
The first time you turn on your MacBook Air, Setup Assistant starts. Setup Assistant
helps you specify your Wi-Fi network, set up a user account, and transfer information
from another Mac or PC. You can also transfer information from a Time Machine backup
or other disk.
If you’re migrating from another Mac, you might have to update software if the other
Mac doesn’t have Mac OS X version 10.5.3 or later installed. To migrate from a PC,
download the Migration Assistant from www.apple.com/migrate-to-mac, and install it
on the PC you want to migrate from.
After you start Setup Assistant on your MacBook Air, you can leave it midprocess
without quitting, move to the other computer if you need to update its software, and
then return to your MacBook Air to complete the setup.
Note: If you don’t use Setup Assistant to transfer information when you first start
up your MacBook Air, you can do it later using Migration Assistant. Open Migration
Assistant in the Utilities folder in Launchpad. For help using Migration Assistant, open
Help Center and search for“Migration Assistant.”
To set up your MacBook Air:
1 In Setup Assistant, follow the onscreen instructions until you get to the “Transfer
Information to This Mac”screen.
2 Do a basic setup, a setup with migration, or transfer information from a Time Machine
backup or other disk:
 To do a basic setup, select“Don’t transfer now” and click Continue. Follow the
remaining prompts to select your wired or wireless network, set up an account, and
exit Setup Assistant.Chapter 1 Ready, Set Up, Go 13
 To do a setup with migration, select“From another Mac or PC” and click Continue.
Follow the onscreen instructions to select the Mac or PC you want to migrate from.
Your Mac or PC must be on the same wired or wireless network. Follow the onscreen
instructions for migrating.
 To transfer information from a Time Machine backup or another disk, select“From a
Time Machine backup or other disk” and click Continue. Select the backup or the
other disk that you want to migrate from. Follow the onscreen instructions.
If you don’t intend to keep or use your other computer, it’s best to deauthorize it from
playing music, videos, or audiobooks that you’ve purchased from the iTunes Store.
Deauthorizing a computer prevents any songs, videos, or audiobooks you’ve purchased
from being played by someone else, and frees up another authorization for use. For
information about deauthorizing, choose iTunes Help from the Help menu in iTunes.14 Chapter 1 Ready, Set Up, Go
Step 4: Customize the Mac OS X desktop and set preferences.
You can quickly make the desktop look the way you want using System
Preferences, your command center for most settings on your MacBook Air.
Choose Apple (?) > System Preferences from the menu bar or click the
System Preferences icon in the Dock.
Menu bar Help menu Spotlight search icon
Finder icon Dock System Preferences iconChapter 1 Ready, Set Up, Go 15
Important: You can set an option to reset your password in Users & Groups
preferences, in case you forget your login password. For help with system preferences,
open Help Center and search for“system preferences” or for the specific preference you
want help for.
Getting Additional Information onto Your MacBook Air
Your MacBook Air comes with several applications installed, including the iLife suite.
Many other applications can be downloaded from the Mac App Store or the Internet. If
you want to install third-party applications from a DVD or CD, you can:
 Install applications onto your MacBook Air or share information using the optical disc
drive on another Mac or PC (if DVD or CD Sharing is set up and enabled). For more
information, see the next section.
 Attach the MacBook Air SuperDrive (an external USB optical disc drive available
separately at www.apple.com/store) to the USB port on your MacBook Air, and
insert your installation disc.
Setting Up DVD or CD Sharing
You can partner your MacBook Air with another Mac or PC that has an optical disc
drive and is on the same wired or wireless network. Use this other computer to:
 Migrate information to your MacBook Air after setup using Migration Assistant
(for information about using Migration Assistant, open Help Center and search for
“Migration Assistant”)
 Share the contents of DVDs or CDs or install applications (see the next section)16 Chapter 1 Ready, Set Up, Go
The computer with the optical drive can be a Mac with Mac OS X v10.4.11 or later, or a
Windows 7, Windows XP, or Windows Vista computer. If the Mac has Mac OS X v10.5.3 or
later, DVD or CD Sharing is already installed. You can partner with more than one other
computer, but you can use only one partner computer at a time.
Mac or Windows computer MacBook Air
If the other computer is a PC or a Mac with a Mac OS X version earlier than 10.5.3,
download the DVD or CD Sharing Setup software for your partner computer:
 If the other computer is a PC, go to support.apple.com/kb/DL112 and download the
DVD or CD Sharing Setup for Windows installer.
 If the other computer is a Mac with Mac OS X v10.4.11–10.5.2, go to
support.apple.com/kb/DL113 and download the DVD or CD Sharing Setup for
Mac Installer.
After you download the software, follow the steps in the next section to enable DVD or
CD Sharing, or read detailed instructions in support.apple.com/kb/HT1777.Chapter 1 Ready, Set Up, Go 17
Important: After you install the DVD or CD Sharing Setup package on your other Mac,
make sure you have the latest software by choosing Apple (?) > Software Update.
Install any available Mac OS X updates.
Sharing Discs with DVD or CD Sharing
You can enable DVD or CD Sharing on a Mac or PC to use the Remote Disc feature of
MacBook Air. Remote Disc allows you to share the discs you insert into the optical disc
drive of the other computer. Some discs, such as DVD movies and game discs, may be
copy-protected and therefore unusable through DVD or CD Sharing.
Make sure DVD or CD Sharing is already set up on any Mac or PC you want to partner
with. For information, see page 15.
To enable DVD or CD Sharing, if your other computer is a Mac:
1 Make sure your MacBook Air and the other Mac are on the same wireless network.
On the other Mac, choose Apple (?) > System Preferences and then open Sharing.
2 In the Sharing pane, select“DVD or CD Sharing”in the Service list. If you want other
users to request permission to share a DVD or CD, select“Ask me before allowing others
to use my DVD drive.”
To enable DVD or CD Sharing, if your other computer is a PC:
1 Make sure your MacBook Air and the PC are on the same wireless network.
2 On the PC, open the DVD or CD Sharing control panel.
3 Select“Enable Remote DVD or CD.”If you want other users to request permission to
share a DVD or CD, select“Ask me before allowing others to use my DVD drive.”18 Chapter 1 Ready, Set Up, Go
To use a shared DVD or CD:
1 On the other computer, insert a DVD or CD into the optical disc drive.
2 On your MacBook Air, select Remote Disc when it appears under Devices in the Finder
sidebar. If you see the “Ask to use” button, click it.
3 On the other computer, when prompted, click Accept to allow your MacBook Air to use
the DVD or CD.
4 On your MacBook Air, use the disc as you normally would once it becomes available.
If you try to shut down the other computer or eject the shared DVD or CD while
your MacBook Air is using it, you see a message telling you that the disc is in use.
To proceed, click Continue.
Putting Your MacBook Air to Sleep or Shutting It Down
When you finish working with your MacBook Air, you can put it to sleep or shut
it down.
Putting Your MacBook Air to Sleep
If you’ll be away from your MacBook Air for only a short time, put it to sleep.When it’s
in sleep, you can quickly wake it and bypass the startup process.
To put your MacBook Air to sleep, do one of the following:
 Close the display.
 Choose Apple (?) > Sleep from the menu bar.
 Press the power button (®) and click Sleep in the dialog that appears.
 Choose Apple (?) > System Preferences, click Energy Saver, and set a sleep timer.Chapter 1 Ready, Set Up, Go 19
To wake your MacBook Air:
 If the display is closed, simply open it to wake your MacBook Air.
 If the display is already open, press the power button (®) or any key on the keyboard.
When your MacBook Air wakes from sleep, your applications, documents, and
computer settings are exactly as you left them.
Shutting Down Your MacBook Air
If you aren’t going to use your MacBook Air for an extended period of time, it’s best to
shut it down.
To shut down your MacBook Air, do one of the following:
 Choose Apple (?) > Shut Down from the menu bar.
 Press the power button (®) and click Shut Down in the dialog that appears.
If you plan to store your MacBook Air for an extended period of time, see “Important
Handling Information” on page 59 for information about how to prevent your battery
from draining completely.www.apple.com/macosx
Help Center Mac OS X
www.apple.com/macosx
Life with Your MacBook Air
222 Chapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air
Basic Features of Your MacBook Air
Battery
(built-in)
Camera indicator light
FaceTime camera
Stereo speakers
(under keyboard)
TrackpadChapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air 23
Built-in FaceTime camera and camera indicator light
Use the included FaceTime application to make video calls to other FaceTime users
(on any iPhone 4, iPad 2, new iPod touch, or Mac with FaceTime), take pictures with
Photo Booth, or capture video with iMovie. The indicator light glows when the
FaceTime camera is operating.
Built-in stereo speakers
Listen to music, movies, games, and multimedia files.
Built-in rechargeable battery
Use battery power when you’re away from a power outlet.
Trackpad
Click or double-click anywhere on the trackpad. Touch the trackpad with one or more
fingers to move the pointer and use Multi-Touch gestures (see page 28).24 Chapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air
Keyboard Features of Your MacBook Air
Function (fn) key
Mute
key
Media
keys
Power
button
Mission
Control key
Launchpad
key
Volume
keys
Brightness
keys
Keyboard
illumination keysChapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air 25
Function (fn) key
Press and hold this key to activate customized actions assigned to the function keys
(F1 to F12). To learn how to customize function keys, search for“function keys”in
Help Center.
Brightness keys (F1, F2)
Increase ( ) or decrease ( ) the brightness of the screen.
Mission Control key (F3)
Open Mission Control to get a comprehensive view of what’s running on your
MacBook Air, including Dashboard, all your spaces, and all open windows.
Launchpad key (F4)
Open Launchpad to instantly see all the applications on your MacBook Air. Click an
application to open it.
o Keyboard illumination keys (F5, F6)
Increase (o) or decrease (ø) the brightness of the keyboard illumination.
’ Media keys (F7, F8, F9)
Rewind ( ), play or pause (’), or fast-forward ( ) a song, movie, or slideshow.
— Mute key (F10)
Mute the sound coming from the built-in speakers and headphone port.
- Volume keys (F11, F12)
Increase (-) or decrease (–) the volume of sound coming from the built-in speakers or
headphone port.
® Power button
Turn your MacBook Air on or off, or put it to sleep.26 Chapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air
Ports on Your MacBook Air
d USB 2.0 port
d USB 2.0 port Microphone
¯MagSafe
power port
Headphone
port
f
Thunderbolt portChapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air 27
¯ MagSafe power port
Plug in the included 45W MagSafe Power Adapter to recharge the MacBook Air battery.
d USB (Universal Serial Bus) 2.0 ports
Connect a MacBook Air SuperDrive, USB to Ethernet adapter, iPod, iPhone, iPad,
mouse, keyboard, printer, disk drive, digital camera, joystick, modem, and more to your
MacBook Air.
f Headphone port
Connect external speakers and headphones.
Built-in microphone
Capture sounds with the microphone (located on the left side, next to the headphone
port) or talk with friends live over broadband using the included FaceTime application.
Thunderbolt port (high-speed data, video, and audio)
Connect Thunderbolt-compatible devices for high-speed data transfer, or connect
an external display that uses Mini DisplayPort. You can purchase adapters to connect
displays that use DVI, HDMI, or VGA.
Note: Adapters and other accessories are sold separately at www.apple.com/store or
your local Apple Retail Store.28 Chapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air
Using the Multi-Touch Trackpad
Use the trackpad to move the pointer and to perform a variety of Multi-Touch gestures.
Unlike typical trackpads, the entire MacBook Air trackpad is a button, and you can click
anywhere on the trackpad. To enable Multi-Touch gestures, view instructional videos of
the gestures, and set other trackpad options, choose Apple (?) > System Preferences,
and then click Trackpad.
Here are ways to use your MacBook Air trackpad:
 Two-finger scrolling lets you drag to scroll quickly up, down, or sideways in the active
window.Chapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air 29
 Secondary-clicking or “right-clicking” lets you access shortcut menu commands.
• To set up two-finger secondary-clicking anywhere on the trackpad, select
“Secondary click”in the Point & Click pane of Trackpad preferences.
• To set up a one-finger secondary-click zone in the bottom left or right corner of the
trackpad, select“Secondary click”in the Point & Click pane of Trackpad preferences,
and choose an option from the pop-up menu.
Secondary-click zone
Note: You can also secondary-click by holding down the Control key while you click.30 Chapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air
The following trackpad gestures work in certain applications.When you perform these
gestures, slide your fingers lightly on the surface of the trackpad. For more information,
see Trackpad preferences or choose Help > Help Center and search for“trackpad.”
 Two-finger pinching lets you zoom in or out on PDFs, images, photos, and more.
 Two-finger rotating lets you rotate photos, pages, and more.Chapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air 31
 Three-finger swiping works in the Finder and all applications. Swiping three fingers to
the left or right lets you cycle through full-screen applications. Swiping three fingers
up opens Mission Control. You can also set these options to work with four fingers.
 Four-finger pinching displays Launchpad when you pinch your thumb and three
fingers together. Spread the same fingers apart to return to the desktop.
Note: You can specify other functions for many gestures. For details about all available
gestures, choose Apple (?) > System Preferences, and then click Trackpad. Click the
checkboxes to turn gestures on or off, and explore the pop-up menus to see the
options for each gesture.32 Chapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air
Running Your MacBook Air on Battery Power
When the MagSafe power adapter isn’t connected, your MacBook Air draws power
from its built-in battery. The length of time that you can run your MacBook Air varies,
depending on the applications you use and the external devices connected to your
MacBook Air.
Turning off features such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth® wireless technology and reducing
screen brightness can help conserve battery charge. Many of your system preferences
are automatically set to optimize battery life.
Charging the Battery
You can determine whether the battery needs to be charged by looking at the
indicator light on the MagSafe connector. If the light is glowing amber, the battery
needs to be charged. If the light is glowing green, the battery is fully charged.
You can also check the amount of battery charge left by viewing the Battery status
icon ( ) in the menu bar. The battery charge level displayed is based on the amount
of power left in the battery with the applications, peripheral devices, and system
settings you are currently using. To conserve battery power, close applications and
disconnect peripheral devices not in use, and adjust your Energy Saver settings.
For more information about battery conservation and performance tips, go to
www.apple.com/batteries/notebooks.html.
When the power adapter that came with your MacBook Air is connected, the battery
recharges whether the computer is on, off, or in sleep. The battery recharges more
quickly, however, when the computer is off or in sleep.Chapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air 33
The battery in your MacBook Air can be replaced only by an Apple Authorized Service
Provider or at an Apple Retail Store.
Getting Answers
Much more information about using your MacBook Air is available in Help Center, and
on the Internet at www.apple.com/support/macbookair.
To get help from Help Center:
1 Click the Finder icon in the Dock (the bar of icons along the edge of the screen).
2 Click the Help menu in the menu bar and do one of the following:
 Type a question or term in the Search field, and choose a topic from the results list or
choose Show All Help Topics to see all topics.
 Choose Help Center to open the Help Center window, where you can browse or
search topics.34 Chapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air
More Information
For more information about using your MacBook Air, see the following:
To learn about See
Troubleshooting your
MacBook Air if you have
a problem
Chapter 3,“Problem, Meet Solution” on page 37.
Finding service and support
for your MacBook Air
“Learning More, Service, and Support” on page 50. Or go to the
Apple Support website at www.apple.com/support/macbookair.
Using Mac OS X The Mac OS X website at www.apple.com/macosx.
Or search for“Mac OS X”in Help Center.
Moving from a PC to a Mac “Why You’ll Love a Mac” at www.apple.com/getamac/whyamac.
Migration Assistant Help Center and search for“Migration Assistant.”
Using iLife applications The iLife website at www.apple.com/ilife. Or open an iLife
application, open Help for the application, and then type a
question or term in the search field.
Changing System Preferences System Preferences by choosing Apple (K) > System
Preferences. Or search for“system preferences”in Help Center.
Using the trackpad System Preferences, and then click Trackpad.
Using the keyboard Help Center and search for“keyboard.”
Using the FaceTime camera Help Center and search for“camera.”
Using Wi-Fi technology Help Center and search for“wi-fi.”
Using Bluetooth wireless
technology
The Bluetooth Support page at www.apple.com/support/
bluetooth. Or open the Bluetooth File Exchange application
(in the Utilities folder in Launchpad) and choose Help >
Bluetooth Help.Chapter 2 Life with Your MacBook Air 35
To learn about See
Caring for the battery Help Center and search for“battery.”
Connecting a printer Help Center and search for“printing.”
USB connections Help Center and search for“USB”.
Connecting to the Internet Help Center and search for“Internet.”
Using the Thunderbolt port Help Center and search for“Thunderbolt.”
Connecting an external display Help Center and search for“display port.”
Specifications The Specifications page at support.apple.com/specs. Or open
System Information by choosing Apple (K) > About This Mac
from the menu bar, and then click More Info.
Apple news The Apple website at www.apple.com.
Software downloads The Mac App Store (choose Apple (K) > App Store or click the
App Store icon in the Dock).
Instructions, technical support,
and manuals for Apple products
The Apple Support website at www.apple.com/support.www.apple.com/macosx
Help Center help
www.apple.com/support
Problem, Meet Solution
338 Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution
Occasionally, you may have problems while working with your MacBook Air. Read
on for troubleshooting tips to try when you have a problem. You can also find more
troubleshooting information in Help Center and on the MacBook Air Support website
at www.apple.com/support/macbookair.
If you experience a problem with your MacBook Air, there’s usually a simple and quick
solution. Think about the conditions that led up to the problem. Making a note of
things you did before the problem occurred will help you narrow down possible causes
and find the answers you need. Things to note include:
 The applications you were using when the problem occurred. Problems that occur
only with a specific application might indicate that the application is not compatible
with the version of the Mac OS installed on your MacBook Air.
 Any new software that you installed, especially software that added items to the
System folder.
An Ounce of Prevention
If you have a problem with your computer or software, having kept up-to-date Time
Machine backups ensures that your data won’t be lost. If you make regular Time
Machine backups, you can restore your software and all your data to exactly the way
it was at the time of the backup. Even serious issues are of less concern when you
safeguard your information with Time Machine.Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution 39
Problems That Prevent You from Using Your MacBook Air
If your MacBook Air doesn’t respond or the pointer doesn’t move
On rare occasion, an application might“freeze” on the screen. Mac OS X provides a way
to quit a frozen application without restarting the computer.
To force an application to quit:
1 Press Command (x)-Option-Esc or choose Apple (?) > Force Quit from the menu bar.
The Force Quit Applications dialog appears with the application selected.
2 Click Force Quit.
The application quits, leaving all other applications open.
If you need to, you can also restart the Finder from this dialog.
Next, restart your MacBook Air to make sure the problem is entirely cleared up.
If the problem occurs frequently, choose Help > Help Center from the menu bar at the
top of the screen. Search for the word “freeze”to get help for times when the computer
freezes or doesn’t respond.
If the problem occurs only when you use a particular application, check with the
application’s manufacturer to see if the application is compatible with your
MacBook Air. To get information for the software that came with your MacBook Air,
go to www.apple.com/downloads.
If you know an application is compatible, you might need to reinstall the application.40 Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution
If your MacBook Air freezes during startup, or you see a flashing question mark,
or the display is dark
The flashing question mark usually means that your MacBook Air can’t find the system
software on the internal flash storage or on any external disks that are attached.
Wait a few seconds. If your MacBook Air still doesn’t start up, shut it down by holding
down the power button (®) for about 8 to 10 seconds. Disconnect all external
peripherals and try restarting by pressing the power button (®) while holding down
the Option key.When your MacBook Air starts up, click the internal flash storage icon,
and then click the right arrow. After it starts up, open System Preferences and click
Startup Disk. Select a local Mac OS X system folder.
If your MacBook Air doesn’t turn on or start up
Try the following suggestions in order until your MacBook Air turns on:
 Make sure the power adapter is plugged into your MacBook Air and into a
functioning power outlet. Be sure to use the 45W MagSafe Power Adapter that came
with your MacBook Air. If the power adapter stops charging and you don’t see the
indicator light on the power adapter turn on when you plug in the power cord, try
unplugging and replugging the power cord to reseat it.
 Check whether the battery needs to be recharged. If the light on the power adapter
glows amber, the battery is charging. See “Charging the Battery” on page 32.
 If the problem persists, reset the MacBook Air power manager (while still preserving
your files) by pressing the left Shift key, left Option key, left Control key, and the
power button (®) simultaneously for five seconds until your MacBook Air restarts.Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution 41
 Press and release the power button (®) and immediately hold down the
Command (x), Option, P, and R keys simultaneously until you hear the startup
sound a second time. This resets the parameter RAM (PRAM).
 If you still can’t start up your MacBook Air, see “Learning More, Service, and Support”
on page 50 for information about contacting Apple for service.
If the screen suddenly goes black or your MacBook Air freezes
Try restarting your MacBook Air.
1 Unplug any devices that are connected to your MacBook Air, except the power adapter.
2 Press the power button (®) to restart the system.
3 Let the battery charge to at least 10 percent before plugging in any external devices
and resuming your work.
To see how much the battery has charged, look at the Battery status icon ( ) in the
menu bar.
The screen might also darken if you have energy saver features set for the battery.
If your MacBook Air can’t connect to another computer’s optical disc drive
To use services such as Migration Assistant, DVD or CD Sharing, and iTunes music
sharing, both your MacBook Air and the other computer must be connected to the
same network. If your MacBook Air is connected wirelessly and the other computer
is connected to a third-party router by Ethernet, check your router documentation
to make sure it supports bridging a wireless to wired connection.42 Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution
Repairing, Restoring, or Reinstalling Mac OS X Software
If you have a problem with your Mac software or hardware, Mac OS X provides repair
and restore utilities that may eliminate problems and can even restore your software
to its original factory settings. You can access these utilities from the Mac OS X Utilities
application, even if your computer isn’t starting up correctly.
Use the Mac OS X Utilities application to:
 Repair your computer’s disk using Disk Utility.
 Restore your software and data from a Time Machine backup.Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution 43
 Reinstall Mac OS X and Apple applications.
 Restore your computer to its factory settings by erasing its disk and reinstalling
Mac OS X and your Apple applications.
If your computer detects a problem, it opens the Mac OS X Utilities application
automatically. You can also open it manually by restarting your computer.
To open the Mac OS X Utilities application:
m Restart your computer while holding down the Command (x) and R keys. The Mac OS X
Utilities pane appears.
Important: If the Mac OS X Utilities application doesn’t open after restarting, hold
down Command (x)-Option-R and restart the computer to access the Mac OS X
Utilities software from the Internet. Your computer must be connected to a network
that has access to the Internet.
Some utilities in the Mac OS X Utilities application require access to the Internet and
the Mac App Store. You may need to make sure your computer is connected to the
Internet by using your Ethernet or Wi-Fi network.
To connect by using a Wi-Fi network:
1 Choose a network from the Wi-Fi status menu in the upper right corner of the screen.
2 If necessary, type the network password.
To join a closed network, choose Join Other Network. Enter the network’s name
and password.44 Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution
Repairing a Disk with Disk Utility
If you have a problem with your computer, or if you start your computer and see the
Mac OS X Utilities application, you may need to repair your computer’s disk.
1 Select Disk Utility in the Mac OS X Utilities pane and click Continue.
2 Select the disk or partition in the list on the left, and then click the First Aid tab.
3 Click Repair Disk.
If Disk Utility can’t repair the disk, back up as much of your information as possible,
and then follow the instructions in “Reinstalling Mac OS X and Apple Applications” on
page 45.
For information about Disk Utility and its options, see Help Center, or open Disk Utility
(in the Utilities folder in Launchpad) and choose Help > Disk Utility Help.
Restoring Information Using a Time Machine Backup
If you previously created a Time Machine backup, use the Restore utility to restore
everything on your computer to its previous state.
Use your Time Machine backup to restore information only to the computer that was
the source of the backup. If you want to transfer information to a new computer, use
Migration Assistant (in the Utilities folder in Launchpad).
1 If your backup is on a Time Capsule, make sure you’re connected to an Ethernet or
Wi-Fi network. (To connect to a Wi-Fi network, follow the instructions on page 43.)
2 In the Mac OS X Utilities pane, select Restore From Time Machine Backup and
click Continue.
3 Select the disk that contains the Time Machine backup, and then follow the onscreen
instructions.Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution 45
Reinstalling Mac OS X and Apple Applications
Under some circumstances, you may need to reinstall Mac OS X and Apple applications.
You can reinstall while keeping your files and user settings intact.
1 Make sure your MacBook Air is connected to the Internet by using an Ethernet or Wi-Fi
network. (To connect to a Wi-Fi network, follow the instructions on page 43.)
2 In the Mac OS X Utilities pane, select Reinstall Mac OS X and click Continue.
3 In the pane where you’re asked to select a disk, select your current Mac OS X disk
(in most cases, it is the only one available).
4 To select or deselect optional software, click Customize.
5 Click Install.
You can install Mac OS X without erasing the disk, which saves your existing files
and settings, or you can erase the disk first, which erases all your data and leaves the
computer ready for you to reinstall Mac OS X and Apple applications.
After installing Mac OS X, you can go to the Mac App Store and re-download your
Apple applications.
Important: Apple recommends that you back up the data on the disk before restoring
software. Apple is not responsible for any lost data.
Restoring Your Computer to Its Factory Settings
When you restore your computer to its factory settings, everything on your computer
(your user accounts, network settings, and all of your files and folders) is deleted. Before
you restore, back up any files you want to keep by copying them to another disk.
Write down your network settings from Network preferences to make it easier to get
connected again after reinstalling Mac OS X.46 Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution
1 Make sure your MacBook Air is connected to the Internet by using an Ethernet or Wi-Fi
network. (To connect to a Wi-Fi network, follow the instructions on page 43.)
2 In the Mac OS X Utilities pane, select Disk Utility and click Continue.
3 Select the disk in the list on the left, and then click the Erase tab.
4 Select Mac OS Extended (Journaled) from the Format pop-up menu, type a name for
the disk, and then click Erase.
5 After the disk is erased, choose Disk Utility > Quit Disk Utility.
6 In the Mac OS X Utilities pane, select Reinstall Mac OS X and click Continue.
7 To reinstall Mac OS X and your applications, follow the instructions in the Mac OS X
Installer.
After restoring Mac OS X and your Apple applications, you can selectively restore your
other data and applications from a Time Machine backup.
Checking for a Hardware Problem
If you suspect a hardware problem, use the Apple Hardware Test application to help
determine if there’s a problem with one of the MacBook Air components, such as the
memory or processor.
To use Apple Hardware Test:
1 Disconnect all external devices from your MacBook Air except the power adapter.
2 Restart your MacBook Air while holding down the D key.
3 When the Apple Hardware Test chooser screen appears, select the language you want
to use.
4 Press the Return key or click the right arrow button.Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution 47
5 When the Apple Hardware Test main screen appears (after about 45 seconds), follow
the onscreen instructions.
6 If Apple Hardware Test detects a problem, it displays an error code. Make a note of the
error code before pursuing support options. If Apple Hardware Test doesn’t detect a
hardware failure, the problem may be software related.
Important: If the Apple Hardware Test doesn’t appear after restarting, hold down
Option-D and restart the computer to access the Apple Hardware Test software from
the Internet. Your computer must be connected to a network that has access to the
Internet.
Problems with Your Internet Connection
Your MacBook Air has a Network Setup Assistant application to help you set up an
Internet connection. Open System Preferences and click Network.
Click the “Assist me” button to open Network Setup Assistant.
If you have trouble with your Internet connection, try using Network Diagnostics.
To use Network Diagnostics:
1 Choose Apple (?) > System Preferences.
2 Click Network and then click “Assist me.”
3 Click Diagnostics to open Network Diagnostics.
4 Follow the onscreen instructions.
If Network Diagnostics can’t resolve the problem, there may be a problem with the
Internet service provider (ISP) you are trying to connect to, with an external device you
are using to connect to your ISP, or with the server you are trying to access.48 Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution
If you have two or more computers sharing an Internet connection, be sure that your
wireless network is set up properly. You need to know if your ISP provides only one IP
address or if it provides multiple IP addresses, one for each computer.
If only one IP address is provided, then you must have a router capable of sharing
the connection, also known as network address translation (NAT) or“IP masquerading.”
For setup information, check the documentation provided with your router or
ask the person who set up your network. You can use an AirPort base station to
share one IP address among multiple computers. For information about using
an AirPort base station, check Help Center or visit the Apple AirPort website at
www.apple.com/support/airport.
If you cannot resolve the issue using these steps, contact your ISP or network
administrator.
Problems with Wi-Fi Communication
If you have trouble using Wi-Fi (wireless communication):
 Make sure the computer or network you’re trying to connect to is running and has
a wireless access point.
 Make sure you’ve properly configured the software according to the instructions that
came with your base station or access point.
 Make sure you’re within range of the other computer or the network’s access
point. Nearby electronic devices or metal structures can interfere with wireless
communication and reduce this range. Repositioning or rotating the computer might
improve reception.Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution 49
 Check the Wi-Fi status icon (Z) in the menu bar. Up to four bars appear, indicating
signal strength. If signal strength is low, try changing your location.
 Get help online by choosing Help > Help Center, and then searching for“wi-fi”. Also
see the instructions that came with the wireless device for more information.
Keeping Your Software Up to Date
You can connect to the Internet and automatically download and install the latest
free software versions, drivers, and other enhancements from Apple.
When you’re connected to the Internet, Software Update checks to see if any updates
are available. You can set your MacBook Air to check for updates periodically, and
download and install updated software.
To check for updated software:
1 Choose Apple (?) > System Preferences.
2 Click the Software Update icon and follow the onscreen instructions.
 For more information, search for“Software Update”in Help Center.
 For the latest information about Mac OS X, go to www.apple.com/macosx.
You’ll also get notices from the Mac App Store when application updates are available.
A small number indicating the number of updates appears on the right edge of the
App Store icon. You can update one or more applications at a time.50 Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution
Learning More, Service, and Support
Your MacBook Air does not have any user-serviceable or user-replaceable parts. If you
need service, contact Apple or take your MacBook Air to an Apple Authorized Service
Provider. You can find more information about your MacBook Air through online
resources, onscreen help, System Information, and Apple Hardware Test.
Online Resources
For online service and support information, go to www.apple.com/support and choose
your country from the pop-up menu. You can search the AppleCare Knowledge Base,
check for software updates, or get help from Apple’s discussion forums.
Onscreen Help
You can often find answers to your questions, as well as instructions and
troubleshooting information, in Help Center. Choose Help > Help Center.
System Information
To get information about your MacBook Air, use System Information. It shows you
what hardware and software is installed, the serial number and operating system
version, how much memory is installed, and more. To open System Information,
choose Apple (?) > About This Mac from the menu bar and then click More Info.
AppleCare Service and Support
Your MacBook Air comes with 90 days of technical support and one year of
hardware repair warranty coverage at an Apple Retail Store or an Apple-authorized
repair center, such as an Apple Authorized Service Provider. You can extend your
coverage by purchasing the AppleCare Protection Plan. For information, visit
www.apple.com/support/products or visit the website address for your country
listed later in the section.Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution 51
If you need assistance, AppleCare telephone support representatives can help you
with installing and opening applications, and basic troubleshooting. Call the support
center number nearest you (the first 90 days are complimentary). Have the purchase
date and your MacBook Air serial number ready when you call.
Your 90 days of complimentary telephone support begins on the date of purchase.
Country Phone Website
United States 1-800-275-2273 www.apple.com/support
Australia (61) 1-300-321-456 www.apple.com/au/support
Canada (English)
(French)
1-800-263-3394 www.apple.com/ca/support
www.apple.com/ca/fr/support
Ireland (353) 1850 946 191 www.apple.com/ie/support
New Zealand 00800-7666-7666 www.apple.com/nz/support
United Kingdom (44) 0844 209 0611 www.apple.com/uk/support
Telephone numbers are subject to change, and local and national telephone rates may
apply. A complete list is available on the web:
www.apple.com/support/contact/phone_contacts.html52 Chapter 3 Problem, Meet Solution
Locating Your Product Serial Number
Use one of these methods to find your MacBook Air serial number:
 Turn over your MacBook Air. The serial number is etched into the case near the hinge.
Serial number
 Choose Apple (?) > About This Mac. Click the version number beneath the words
“Mac OS X”to cycle through the Mac OS X version number, the build version, and the
serial number.
 Open System Information (in the Utilities folder in Launchpad). In the Contents pane,
click Hardware.www.apple.com/macosx
Last, but Not Least
4
Help Center ergonomics
www.apple.com/environment54 Chapter 4 Last, but Not Least
For your safety and that of your equipment, follow these rules for handling and
cleaning your MacBook Air and for working more comfortably. Keep these instructions
handy for reference by you and others.
NOTICE: Incorrect storage or use of your MacBook Air may void the manufacturer’s
warranty.
Important Safety Information
WARNING: Failure to follow these safety instructions could result in fire, electric shock,
or other injury or damage.
Built-in battery Do not remove the battery from your MacBook Air. The battery
should be replaced only by an Apple Authorized Service Provider. Discontinue use of
your MacBook Air if it’s dropped or appears crushed, bent, deformed, or damaged. Do
not expose your MacBook Air to extreme heat sources, such as radiators or fireplaces,
where temperatures might exceed 212°F or 100°C.
Proper handling The bottom of your MacBook Air may become very warm during
normal use. The MacBook Air complies with the user-accessible surface temperature
limits defined by the International Standard for Safety of Information Technology
Equipment (IEC 60950-1).Chapter 4 Last, but Not Least 55
To operate the computer safely and reduce the possibility of heat-related injuries,
follow these guidelines:
 Set up your MacBook Air on a stable work surface that allows for adequate air
circulation under and around the computer.
 Do not operate your MacBook Air on a pillow, blanket, or other soft material, because
the material can block the airflow vents.
 Never place anything over the keyboard when operating your MacBook Air.
 Do not push objects into the ventilation openings.
 If your MacBook Air is on your lap and gets uncomfortably warm, remove it from your
lap and place it on a stable work surface.
Water and wet locations Keep your MacBook Air away from sources of liquid, such as
drinks, washbasins, bathtubs, shower stalls, and so on. Protect your MacBook Air from
dampness or wet weather, such as rain, snow, and fog.
45W MagSafe Power Adapter Use only the power adapter that came with your
MacBook Air, or an Apple-authorized power adapter that is compatible with this
product. Make sure the AC plug or AC power cord is fully inserted into the power
adapter before plugging the adapter into a power outlet.
The power adapter may become very warm during normal use. The MagSafe Power
Adapter complies with the user-accessible surface temperature limits defined by the
International Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment (IEC 60950-1).56 Chapter 4 Last, but Not Least
To reduce the possibility of overheating the power adapter or of heat-related injuries,
do one of the following:
 Plug the power adapter directly into a power outlet.
AC plug MagSafe connector
MagSafe Power Adapter
 If you’re using the AC power cord, place the power adapter on a desk, table, or on the
floor in a well-ventilated location.
MagSafe connector
MagSafe Power Adapter
AC power cordChapter 4 Last, but Not Least 57
Disconnect the power adapter and disconnect any other cables if any of the following
conditions exists:
 You want to clean the case (use only the recommended procedure described on
page 60).
 The power cord or plug becomes frayed or otherwise damaged.
 Your MacBook Air or power adapter is exposed to rain, excessive moisture, or liquid
spilled into the case.
 Your MacBook Air or power adapter has been dropped, the case has been damaged,
or you suspect that service or repair is required.
The MagSafe power port contains a magnet that can erase data on a credit card,
iPod, or other device. To preserve your data, do not place these or other magnetically
sensitive material or devices within 1 inch (25 mm) of this port.
If debris gets into the MagSafe power port, remove it gently with a dry cotton swab.
MagSafe power specifications:
 Frequency: 50 to 60 Hz, single phase
 Line Voltage: 100 to 240 V
 Output Voltage: 14.5 V DC, 3.1 A58 Chapter 4 Last, but Not Least
Hearing damage Permanent hearing loss may occur if earbuds or headphones are
used at high volume. You can adapt over time to a higher volume of sound that may
sound normal but can be damaging to your hearing. If you experience ringing in your
ears or muffled speech, stop listening and have your hearing checked. The louder the
volume, the less time is required before your hearing could be affected. Hearing experts
suggest that to protect your hearing:
 Limit the amount of time you use earbuds or headphones at high volume.
 Avoid turning up the volume to block out noisy surroundings.
 Turn the volume down if you can’t hear people speaking near you.
High-risk activities This computer is not intended for use in the operation of nuclear
facilities, aircraft navigation or communications systems, air traffic control systems, or
for any other uses where a failure of the computer system could lead to death, personal
injury, or severe environmental damage.Chapter 4 Last, but Not Least 59
Important Handling Information
NOTICE: Failure to follow these handling instructions could result in damage to your
MacBook Air or other property.
Operating environment Operating your MacBook Air outside these ranges may affect
performance:
 Operating temperature: 50° to 95° F (10° to 35° C)
 Storage temperature: -4° to 113° F (-20° to 45° C)
 Relative humidity: 5% to 90% (noncondensing)
 Operating altitude: 0 to 10,000 feet (0 to 3048 meters)
Carrying your MacBook Air If you carry your MacBook Air in a bag or briefcase, make
sure that there are no loose items (such as paper clips or coins) that could accidentally
get inside the computer through vent openings or get stuck inside a port. Also, keep
magnetically sensitive items away from the MagSafe power port.
Using connectors and ports Never force a connector into a port.When connecting
a device, make sure the port is free of debris, that the connector matches the port,
and that you have positioned the connector correctly in relation to the port.
Handling glass parts Your MacBook Air contains glass components, including the
display and trackpad. If they are damaged, don’t use your MacBook Air until it has been
repaired by an Apple Authorized Service Provider.60 Chapter 4 Last, but Not Least
Storing your MacBook Air If you are going to store your MacBook Air for an extended
period of time, keep it in a cool location (ideally, 71° F or 22° C) and discharge the
battery to 50 percent.When storing your computer for longer than five months,
discharge the battery to approximately 50 percent. To maintain the capacity of the
battery, recharge the battery to 50 percent every six months or so.
Cleaning your MacBook Air When cleaning the outside of your MacBook Air and its
components, first shut down your MacBook Air, and then unplug the power adapter.
Then use a damp, soft, lint-free cloth to clean the MacBook Air exterior. Avoid getting
moisture in any openings. Do not spray liquid directly on the computer. Do not use
aerosol sprays, solvents, or abrasives that might damage the finish.
Cleaning the MacBook Air screen To clean your MacBook Air screen, first shut down
your MacBook Air and unplug the power adapter. Then use a soft, lint-free cloth
dampened with just water and wipe the screen. Do not spray liquid directly on the screen.Chapter 4 Last, but Not Least 61
Understanding Ergonomics
Here are some tips for setting up a healthy work environment.
Keyboard and Trackpad
When you use the keyboard and trackpad, your shoulders should be relaxed. Your
upper arm and forearm should form an angle that is slightly greater than a right angle,
with your wrist and hand in roughly a straight line.
This Not this
Use a light touch when typing or using the trackpad and keep your hands and fingers
relaxed. Avoid rolling your thumbs under your palms.
This Not this62 Chapter 4 Last, but Not Least
Change hand positions often to avoid fatigue. Some computer users might develop
discomfort in their hands, wrists, or arms after intensive work without breaks. If you
begin to develop chronic pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists, or arms, consult a
qualified health specialist.
External Mouse
If you use an external mouse, position the mouse at the same height as the keyboard
and within a comfortable reach.
Chair
An adjustable chair that provides firm, comfortable support is best. Adjust the height
of the chair so your thighs are horizontal and your feet are flat on the floor. The back of
the chair should support your lower back (lumbar region). Follow the manufacturer’s
instructions for adjusting the backrest to fit your body properly.
You might have to raise your chair so that your forearms and hands are at the proper
angle to the keyboard. If this makes it impossible to rest your feet flat on the floor, you
can use a footrest with adjustable height and tilt to make up for any gap between the
floor and your feet. Or you can lower the desktop to eliminate the need for a footrest.
Another option is to use a desk with a keyboard tray that’s lower than the regular
work surface.Chapter 4 Last, but Not Least 63
Built-In Display
Adjust the angle of the display to minimize glare and reflections from overhead
lights and windows. Do not force the display if you meet resistance. The display is
not designed to open past 135 degrees.
You can adjust the brightness of the screen when you take the computer from one
work location to another, or if the lighting in your work area changes.
More information about ergonomics is available on the web:
www.apple.com/about/ergonomics
Apple and the Environment
Apple Inc. recognizes its responsibility to minimize the environmental impacts of its
operations and products.
More information is available on the web:
www.apple.com/environment64
Regulatory Compliance Information
FCC Compliance Statement
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation
is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may
not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept
any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation. See instructions if interference to radio or
television reception is suspected.
L‘utilisation de ce dispositif est autorisée seulement aux conditions
suivantes: (1) il ne doit pas produire de brouillage et (2)
l’utilisateur du dispositif doit étre prêt à accepter tout brouillage
radioélectrique reçu, même si ce brouillage est susceptible de
compromettre le fonctionnement du dispositif.
Radio and Television Interference
This computer equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radiofrequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that
is, in strict accordance with Apple’s instructions—it may cause
interference with radio and television reception.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with
the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the
specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications
are designed to provide reasonable protection against such
interference in a residential installation. However, there is
no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation.
You can determine whether your computer system is causing
interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was
probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices.
If your computer system does cause interference to radio or
television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or
more of the following measures:
• Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops.
• Move the computer to one side or the other of the television
or radio.
• Move the computer farther away from the television or radio.
• Plug the computer in to an outlet that is on a different circuit
from the television or radio. (That is, make certain the computer
and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different
circuit breakers or fuses.)
If necessary, consult an Apple Authorized Service Provider or
Apple. See the service and support information that came with
your Apple product. Or consult an experienced radio/television
technician for additional suggestions.
Important: Changes or modifications to this product not
authorized by Apple Inc. could void the EMC compliance and
negate your authority to operate the product.
This product has demonstrated EMC compliance under conditions
that included the use of compliant peripheral devices and shielded
cables (including Ethernet network cables) between system
components. It is important that you use compliant peripheral
devices and shielded cables between system components to
reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television
sets, and other electronic devices.
Responsible party (contact for FCC matters only):
Apple Inc. Corporate Compliance
1 Infinite Loop, MS 26-A
Cupertino, CA 95014
Wireless Radio Use
This device is restricted to indoor use when operating in the 5.15 to
5.25 GHz frequency band.
Cet appareil doit être utilisé à l’intérieur.
Exposure to Radio Frequency Energy
The radiated output power of the AirPort Extreme technology
is below the FCC and EU radio frequency exposure limits.
Nevertheless, it is advised to use the wireless equipment in such
a manner that the potential for human contact during normal
operation is minimized.
FCC Bluetooth Wireless Compliance
The antenna used with this transmitter must not be colocated or
operated in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter
subject to the conditions of the FCC Grant.65
Bluetooth Industry Canada Statement
This Class B device meets all requirements of the Canadian
interference-causing equipment regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la Class B respecte toutes les exigences
du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.
Industry Canada Statement
Complies with the Canadian ICES-003 Class B specifications.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme
NMB-003 du Canada. This device complies with RSS 210 of Industry
Canada.
Bluetooth Europe—EU Declaration of Conformity
This wireless device complies with the R&TTE Directive.
Europe–EU Declaration of Conformity
????????? Apple Inc. ?????????, ?? ???? MacBook Air ?
? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ? ???????
????????? ??????? ?? ????????? 1999/5/??.
Cesky Spolecnost Apple Inc. tímto prohlašuje, že tento
MacBook Air je ve shode se základními požadavky a dalšími
príslušnými ustanoveními smernice 1999/5/ES.
Dansk Undertegnede Apple Inc. erklærer herved, at følgende
udstyr MacBook Air overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige
relevante krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF.
Deutsch Hiermit erklärt Apple Inc., dass sich das MacBook Air
in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen
und den übrigen einschlägigen Bestimmungen der Richtlinie
1999/5/EG befinden.
Eesti Käesolevaga kinnitab Apple Inc., et see MacBook Air vastab
direktiivi 1999/5/EÜ põhinõuetele ja nimetatud direktiivist
tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele.
English Hereby, Apple Inc. declares that this MacBook Air is in
compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant
provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.
Español Por medio de la presente Apple Inc. declara que este
MacBook Air cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera
otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva
1999/5/CE.
???????? Me t?? pa???sa, ? Apple Inc. d????e? ?t? a?t?
? s?s?e?? MacBook Air s?µµ??f??eta? p??? t?? ßas????
apa?t?se?? ?a? t?? ???p?? s?et???? d?ata´?e?? t?? ?d???a?
1999/5/??.
Français Par la présente Apple Inc. déclare que l’appareil
MacBook Air est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux
autres dispositions pertinentes de la directive 1999/5/CE.
Islenska Apple Inc. lýsir því hér með yfir að þetta tæki
MacBook Air fullnægir lágmarkskröfum og öðrum viðeigandi
ákvæðum Evróputilskipunar 1999/5/EC.
Italiano Con la presente Apple Inc. dichiara che questo
dispositivo MacBook Air è conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle
altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva 1999/5/CE.
Latviski Ar šo Apple Inc. deklare, ka MacBook Air ierice atbilst
Direktivas 1999/5/EK butiskajam prasibam un citiem ar to
saistitajiem noteikumiem.
Lietuviu Šiuo „Apple Inc.“ deklaruoja, kad šis MacBook Air atitinka
esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 1999/5/EB Direktyvos nuostatas.
Magyar Alulírott, Apple Inc. nyilatkozom, hogy a MacBook Air
megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ követelményeknek és az
1999/5/EC irányelv egyéb elõírásainak.
Malti Hawnhekk, Apple Inc., jiddikjara li dan MacBook Air
jikkonforma mal-htigijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti ohrajn
relevanti li hemm fid-Dirrettiva 1999/5/EC.
Nederlands Hierbij verklaart Apple Inc. dat het toestel
MacBook Air in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen
en de andere bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EG.
Norsk Apple Inc. erklærer herved at dette MacBook Air
-apparatet er i samsvar med de grunnleggende kravene og
øvrige relevante krav i EU-direktivet 1999/5/EF.
Polski Niniejszym Apple Inc. oswiadcza, ze ten MacBook Air sa
zgodne z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostalymi stosownymi
postanowieniami Dyrektywy 1999/5/EC. 66
Português Apple Inc. declara que este dispositivo
MacBook Air está em conformidade com os requisitos
essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva 1999/5/CE.
Româna Prin prezenta, Apple Inc. declara ca acest aparat
MacBook Air este în conformitate cu cerintele esentiale si cu
celelalte prevederi relevante ale Directivei 1999/5/CE.
Slovensko Apple Inc. izjavlja, da je ta MacBook Air skladne z
bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi ustreznimi dolocili direktive
1999/5/ES.
Slovensky Apple Inc. týmto vyhlasuje, že toto MacBook Air splna
základné požiadavky a všetky príslušné ustanovenia Smernice
1999/5/ES.
Suomi Apple Inc. vakuuttaa täten, että tämä MacBook Air
tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten vaatimusten ja
sitä koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen.
Svenska Härmed intygar Apple Inc. att denna MacBook Air står i
överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga
relevanta bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv 1999/5/EG.
A copy of the EU Declaration of Conformity is available at:
www.apple.com/euro/compliance
This equipment can be used in the following countries:
Korea Warning Statements
B???(??????????)
???????(B?) ???????????
????????????????, ???
???????????.
????????????
????????????????????
????????????????????????
???? ?? ? ??
Singapore Wireless Certification
Taiwan Wireless Statements
Taiwan Class B Statement
??
?????????????????
???????????????
Japan VCCI Class B Statement67
Russia
External USB Modem Information
When connecting your MacBook Air to the phone line using an
external USB modem, refer to the telecommunications agency
information in the documentation that came with your modem.
ENERGY STAR
®
Compliance
As an ENERGY STAR
®
partner, Apple has determined that standard
configurations of this product meet the ENERGY STAR
®
guidelines
for energy efficiency. The ENERGY STAR
®
program is a partnership
with electronic equipment manufacturers to promote energyefficient products. Reducing energy consumption of products
saves money and helps conserve valuable resources.
This computer is shipped with power management enabled with
the computer set to sleep after 10 minutes of user inactivity. To
wake your computer, click the mouse or trackpad button or press
any key on the keyboard.
For more information about ENERGY STAR
®
, visit:
www.energystar.gov
Disposal and Recycling Information
This symbol indicates that your product must be disposed of
properly according to local laws and regulations.When your
product reaches its end of life, contact Apple or your local
authorities to learn about recycling options.
For information about Apple’s recycling program, go to:
www.apple.com/recycling.
European Union—Disposal Information
The symbol above means that according to local laws and
regulations your product should be disposed of separately from
household waste.When this product reaches its end of life, take
it to a collection point designated by local authorities. Some
collection points accept products for free. The separate collection
and recycling of your product at the time of disposal will help
conserve natural resources and ensure that it is recycled in a
manner that protects human health and the environment.
Türkiye
EEE yönetmeligine (Elektrikli ve Elektronik Esyalarda Bazi
Zararli Maddelerin Kullaniminin Sinirlandirilmasina Dair
Yönetmelik) uygundur.
Brasil—Informações sobre descarte e reciclagem
O símbolo acima indica que este produto e/ou sua bateria
não devem ser descartadas no lixo doméstico. Quando decidir
descartar este produto e/ou sua bateria, faça-o de acordo com
as leis e diretrizes ambientais locais. Para informações sobre o
programa de reciclagem da Apple, pontos de coleta e telefone de
informações, visite www.apple.com/br/environment.
Battery Disposal Information
Dispose of batteries according to your local environmental laws
and guidelines.
Deutschland: Dieses Gerät enthält Batterien. Bitte nicht in den
Hausmüll werfen. Entsorgen Sie dieses Gerät am Ende seines
Lebenszyklus entsprechend der maßgeblichen gesetzlichen
Regelungen.
Nederlands: Gebruikte batterijen kunnen worden ingeleverd bij de
chemokar of in een speciale batterijcontainer voor klein chemisch
afval (kca) worden gedeponeerd.68
China Battery Statement
Taiwan Battery Statement
020-5563-A
EFUP15chinaLooking for Something?70 Looking for Something?
Index
A
AC plug 10
AC power adapter. See power
adapter
AC power cord 10
AppleCare 50
application freeze 39
applications
Apple Hardware Test 46
FaceTime 23
force quitting 39
iLife 34
installing 15
Migration Assistant 12
Network Setup Assistant 47
Photo Booth 23
System Information 50
B
battery
charging 32
disposal 68
location 23
performance 32
storing 61
blinking question mark 40
brightness keys 25
built-in speaker 23
button, power 11, 25
C
carrying your computer 60
changing
System Preferences 14
the desktop 14
charging the battery 32
cleaning
the display 61
your computer 61
computer
disposing of 68
freezes 40
putting to sleep 18
shutting down 19
specifications 35
turning on 11
waking 19
won’t turn on 40
connection problems with
another computer 41
Control-click 29
cord, AC power 10
D
desktop, customizing 14
display
adjusting brightness 25
cleaning 61
goes black 41
display, external 27
See also screen
disposing of your computer 68
Dock 33
downloading software 49
DVD or CD Sharing
installing software 16
overview 17
with Windows computer 17
E
Energy Saver preferences 18
environmental impact 64
ergonomics 62
F
F1 to F12 function keys 25
FaceTime application 23
FaceTime video camera 23
Fast-forward key 25
flashing question mark 40
Force Quit 39Looking for Something? 71
four-finger pinching 31
four-finger swiping 31
frozen application 39
Function (fn) key 25
H
hand positions,
recommended 62
headphone port 27
Help Center 33
Help, finding answers 33
high-speed data transfer 27
I
iLife applications 34
installing DVD or CD Sharing
Setup 16
IP masquerading 48
K
keyboard
ergonomics 62
features 24
illumination keys 25
shortcuts 29
See also keys
keys
brightness 25
Function (fn) 25
keyboard illumination 25
Launchpad 25
media 25
Mission Control 25
Mute 25
volume control 25
L
Launchpad key 25
M
Mac App Store 35
Mac OS X Utilities
application 12
Mac OS X website 34
MagSafe power adapter.
See power adapter
MagSafe power port 27
media keys 25
microphone 27
Migration Assistant 12
Mini DisplayPort
technology 27
Mission Control key 25
mouse 27, 63
See also trackpad
Mute key 25
N
network address translation
(NAT) 48
Network Diagnostics 47
Network Setup Assistant 47
O
online resources 50
optical disc sharing. See DVD or
CD sharing
P
partner computer
connection problems 41
DVD or CD Sharing Setup
software 16
password, resetting 15
Photo Booth application 23
pinching to zoom 30
Play/Pause key 25
plug, AC 10
ports
headphone 27
MagSafe power 27
Thunderbolt 27
USB 2.0 27
power adapter
port 27
safety information 56
safety tips 56
setup 10
power button 11, 25
problems. See troubleshooting
putting your computer to
sleep 1872 Looking for Something?
Q
question mark, flashing 40
quitting an application 39
R
Remote Disc 17, 18
resetting password 15
Rewind key 25
right-clicking 29
rotating objects using
trackpad 30
S
safety
general instructions 55
handling information 60
important information 8
power adapter 56
screen. See display
scrolling with two fingers 28
secondary-clicking 29
serial number, locating 52
service and support 50
Setup Assistant 12
shared optical disc 17
sharing files 17
shutting down 19
sleep mode 18
software
installing DVD or CD
sharing 16
updating 49
Software Update
preferences 49
speakers 23
specifications 35
stopping
an application 39
the computer 19
storing your computer 61
support contact
information 50
System Information 50
System Preferences
customizing the desktop 14
Energy Saver 18
Software Update 49
T
three-finger swiping 31
Thunderbolt port 27
trackpad
pinching 30
rotating 30
scrolling 28
zooming 30
troubleshooting
AirPort 48
AppleCare 50
computer freezes 40
computer won’t turn on 40
connecting to partner
computer 41
display goes black 41
hardware problems 46
pointer won’t move 39
service and support 50
using AirPort 48
using Help Center 33, 50
Wi-Fi 48
turning on your computer 11
two-finger pinching 30
two-finger rotating 30
typing position 62
U
updating software 49
USB
connections 35
ports 27
V
video
camera indicator light 23
video port 27
volume control keys 25
W
waking your computer 19
Wi-Fi troubleshooting 48
Z
zooming using the
trackpad 30K Apple Inc.
© 2011 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole
or in part, without the written consent of Apple.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in
this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for printing or
clerical errors.
Apple
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014
408-996-1010
www.apple.com
The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S.
and other countries. Use of the “keyboard”Apple logo (OptionShift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent
of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair
competition in violation of federal and state laws.
Apple, the Apple logo, AirPort, AirPort Extreme, FaceTime, Finder,
GarageBand, iChat, iLife, iMovie, iPhone, iPhoto, iPod, iTunes, Keynote,
Mac, Mac OS, MacBook, MacBook Air, MagSafe, Photo Booth, Safari,
SuperDrive, Time Capsule, and Time Machine are trademarks of
Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
iPad and Multi-Touch are trademarks of Apple Inc.
Apple, AppleCare, Apple Store, and iTunes Store are service marks
of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
App Store is a service mark of Apple Inc.
ENERGY STAR® is a U.S. registered trademark.
Thunderbolt and the Thunderbolt logo are trademarks of Intel
Corp. in the U.S. and other countries.
The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are registered trademarks
owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Apple
Inc. is under license.
Other company and product names mentioned herein are
trademarks of their respective companies. Mention of third-party
products is for informational purposes only and constitutes
neither an endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes
no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these
products.
Manufactured under license from Dolby Laboratories.“Dolby,”
“Pro Logic,” and the double-D symbol are trademarks of Dolby
Laboratories. Confidential Unpublished Works, © 1992–1997 Dolby
Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada.
Compressor 4
BenutzerhandbuchCopyright © 2012 Apple Inc. Alle Rechte vorbehalten
Alle weiteren Rechte an der Software sind in den
mitgelieferten Lizenzbestimmungen festgelegt. Der
Eigentümer oder berechtigte Benutzer eines rechtmäßig
erworbenen Exemplars der Compressor-Software darf
diese Veröffentlichung zum Zweck der Schulung in der
Verwendung dieser Software vervielfältigen. Das
Vervielfältigen oder Übertragen dieser Publikation oder
Teilen davon zu kommerziellen Zwecken, wie etwa zum
Verkauf von Kopien dieser Publikation oder zum Anbieten
entgeltlicher Support-Dienstleistungen, ist untersagt.
Das Apple-Logo ist eine in den USA und weiteren Ländern
eingetragene Marke der Apple Inc. Die Verwendung des
über die Tastatur erzeugten Apple-Logos
(Umschalt-Wahl-K) für kommerzielle Zwecke ohne
vorherige Genehmigung von Apple kann als
Markenmissbrauch und unlauterer Wettbewerb gerichtlich
verfolgt werden.
Ansprüche gegenüber Apple Inc. in Anlehnung an die in
diesem Handbuch beschriebenen Hard- oder
Softwareprodukte richten sich ausschließlich nach den
Bestimmungen der Garantiekarte. Apple übernimmt keine
Gewähr für die Richtigkeit des Inhalts dieses Handbuchs.
Hinweis: Da Apple häufig neue Versionen und
Aktualisierungen für Systemsoftware, Programme und
Internetseiten herausgibt, können sich die in diesem
Handbuch verwendeten Bilder geringfügig von Ihrer
Bildschirmanzeige unterscheiden.
Apple
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014
408-996-1010
www.apple.com
Apple, das Apple-Logo, AppleScript, Apple TV, Bonjour,
DVD Studio Pro, Final Cut, Final Cut Pro, Finder, FireWire,
iPhone, iPod, iTunes, Mac, Mac OS, QuickTime, Shake und
Xsan sind Marken der Apple Inc., die in den USA und
weiteren Ländern eingetragen sind.
iPad und NetInfo sind Marken der Apple Inc.
AppleCare ist eine Dienstleistungsmarke der Apple Inc.,
die in den USA und weiteren Ländern eingetragen ist.
“Dolby“, „Pro Logic“ und das Doppel-D-Symbol sind
Marken der Dolby Laboratories. Confidential Unpublished
Works, © 1992–1997 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Alle Rechte
vorbehalten.
UNIX ist eine eingetragene Marke von The Open Group.
Das YouTube-Logo ist eine Marke der Google Inc.
Die Rechte an anderen in diesem Handbuch erwähnten
Marken- und Produktnamen liegen bei ihren Inhabern
und werden hiermit anerkannt. Die Nennung von
Produkten, die nicht von Apple sind, dient ausschließlich
Informationszwecken und stellt keine Werbung dar. Apple
übernimmt hinsichtlich der Auswahl, Leistung oder
Verwendbarkeit dieser Produkte keine Gewähr.
Produktionsstandbilder des Films „Koffee House Mayhem“
freundlicherweise zur Verfügung gestellt von Jean-Paul
Bonjour. “Koffee House Mayhem“ © 2004 Jean-Paul
Bonjour. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.
http://www.jeanpaulbonjour.com
Produktionsstandbilder des Films „A Sus Ordenes“
freundlicherweise zur Verfügung gestellt von Eric Escobar.
“A Sus Ordenes“ © 2004 Eric Escobar. Alle Rechte
vorbehalten. http://www.kontentfilms.comVorwort 9 Compressor
9 Das Programm „Compressor“
10 Die Compressor-Dokumentation
10 Weitere Ressourcen
Kapitel 1 11 Schneller Einstieg
11 In Compressor verwendete Begriffe
12 Compressor-Arbeitsablauf im Überblick: Verwenden von Stapelvorlagen
17 Compressor-Arbeitsablauf im Überblick: Manuelles Verfahren
24 Optionale Aufgaben, die Sie vor dem Senden eines Stapels ausführen können
Kapitel 2 27 Einsatzmöglichkeiten für Compressor
28 Typische Compressor-Szenarien
29 Leistungsmerkmale der Compressor-Software
Kapitel 3 33 Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren
33 Compressor-Grundlagen und Terminologie
37 Vorbereiten von Compressor zur Umcodierung mit eigenen Voreinstellungen
39 Wählen eines Ausgabeformats
40 Erstellen eines Compressor-Stapels
43 Anzeigen des Status beim Umcodieren
43 Optionale Compressor-Kurzbefehle
Kapitel 4 45 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor
46 Compressor-Fenster und der Umcodierungs-Arbeitsablauf
47 Erstellen und Verwalten von Fensteranordnungen in Compressor
50 Arbeiten mit den Compressor-Fenstern
54 Fenster „Stapel“
58 Bereich „Voreinstellungen“
59 Bereich „Zielorte“
60 Fenster „Informationen“
70 Fenster „Verlauf“
71 Fenster „Vorschau“
73 Fenster „Apple Qmaster - Sharing“
3
Inhalt74 Share-Monitor
75 Droplet-Fenster
75 Informationen zum Ändern von Werten und Timecode-Einträgen
78 Kurzbefehle
Kapitel 5 79 Festlegen von Compressor-Einstellungen
79 Compressor-Einstellungen
82 Verwenden von Compressor-Einstellungen
Kapitel 6 85 Importieren von Ausgangsmedien
86 Das Fenster „Stapel“
89 Erstellen von Aufträgen durch Hinzufügen von Ausgangsmedien zu einem Stapel
99 Verwenden des Fensters „Informationen“ mit Ausgangsmediendateien
102 Tipps zum Importieren von Ausgangsmediendateien
Kapitel 7 105 Erstellen, Ansehen und Ändern von Voreinstellungen
106 Der Bereich „Voreinstellungen“
110 Verwenden des Fensters „Informationen“ zum Arbeiten mit Einstellungen
111 Duplizieren von Voreinstellungen
112 Erstellen einer eigenen Voreinstellung
114 Suchen nach einer Voreinstellung
114 Anzeigen einer Voreinstellung in der Vorschau
116 Löschen von Voreinstellungen
117 Erstellen von Gruppen mit Voreinstellungen
119 Bereitstellen von Voreinstellungen
120 Beispiel: Erstellen eigener Gruppen und Voreinstellungen für eine DVD
Kapitel 8 123 Fertigstellen von Aufträgen und Senden von Stapeln
123 Zuweisen von Voreinstellungen
129 Zuweisen von Zielorten
132 Allgemeine Informationen über Aufträge und Ziele
134 Allgemeine Informationen über Stapel
141 Verwenden von Final Cut Pro und Motion in Verbindung mit Compressor
144 Verwenden der verteilten Verarbeitung mit Compressor
Kapitel 9 147 Erstellen von AIFF-Dateien
147 Erstellen von AIFF-Ausgabedateien
148 Bereich „Codierer“ für das Format „AIFF“
148 Dialogfenster „Toneinstellungen“
150 Sample-Größen und Abtastraten von QuickTime-Audiodateien
150 Auswählen eines Audio-Codecs für die Verteilung
150 Konfigurieren von AIFF-Einstellungen
4 InhaltKapitel 10 153 Erstellen von Dateien für gängige Audioformate
153 Erstellen von Dateien für gängige Audioformate
154 Bereich „Allgemeine Audioformate“
155 Konfigurieren der Voreinstellung „Allgemeine Audioformate“
Kapitel 11 157 Erstellen von Ausgabedateien im Format „DV-Stream“
157 Bereich „Codierer“ für das Format „DV-Stream“
158 Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren in das DV-Format
Kapitel 12 159 Erstellen von Ausgabedateien im Format „Dolby Digital Professional“
160 Bereich „Codierer“ für das Format „Dolby Digital Professional“
166 Allgemeine Informationen über das Erstellen von Dolby Digital Professional-Dateien
168 Umwandeln von Stereo-Audiodateien in das Format „Dolby Digital Professional „
169 Zuweisen von Dateien zu Surround-Sound-Kanälen (manuelle Methode)
171 Zuweisen von Dateien zu Surround-Sound-Kanälen (automatische Methoden)
174 Zuweisen von Dateien zu Surround-Sound-Kanälen mithilfe von Droplets
174 Optionen für räumliches Mischen
Kapitel 13 177 Erstellen von Ausgabedateien im Format „H.264 für Apple-Geräte“
178 Bereich „Codierer“ für das Format „H.264 für Apple-Geräte“
182 Kapitel- und Podcast-Marker für Apple-Geräte
182 Seitenverhältnisse für Apple-Geräte
183 H.264-Arbeitsabläufe für Apple-Geräte
Konfigurieren von Einstellungen für Ausgabedateien mit dem Format „H.264 für
Apple-Geräte“
184
Kapitel 14 185 Erstellen von Ausgabedaten im Format „H.264 für Blu-ray“
186 Bereich „Codierer“ für das Format „H.264 für Blu-ray“
189 H.264-Arbeitsabläufe für optische Medien
Kapitel 15 191 Erstellen von Bildsequenzdateien
191 Erstellen von Ausgabedateien im Format „Bildsequenz“
192 Bereich „Codierer“ für das Format „Bildsequenz“
194 Konfigurieren von Voreinstellungen für das Format „Bildsequenz“
Kapitel 16 197 Erstellen von MP3-Ausgabedateien
197 Generelle Einsatzmöglichkeiten für MP3
198 Bereich „Codierer“ für das Format „MP3“
200 Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren in das MP3-Format
Kapitel 17 201 Erstellen von MPEG-1-Ausgabedateien
201 Generelle Einsatzmöglichkeiten für MPEG-1
202 Technische Daten von MPEG-1
Inhalt 5204 Bereich „Codierer“ für das Format „MPEG-1“
205 Der Bereich „Video“
206 Der Bereich „Audio“
207 Systemstreams und Elementarstreams
208 Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren in das MPEG-1-Format
209 Konfigurieren des MPEG-1-Dateiformats für das Internet
211 Konfigurieren des MPEG-1-Dateiformats für DVDs
211 Erstellen der Voreinstellung „MPEG-1-Video für DVD“
213 Erstellen der Voreinstellung „MPEG-1-Audio für DVD“
215 Optional—Erstellen einer Gruppe und eines Zielorts für „MPEG-1 für DVD“
Kapitel 18 217 Erstellen von MPEG-2-Ausgabedateien
217 MPEG-2-Format (Standard Definition)
218 HD-Ausgangsdateien und MPEG-2
219 Elementar-, Transport- und Programmstreams
220 Bereich „Codierer“ für das Format „MPEG-2“
233 MPEG-2-Referenzinformationen
238 Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren in das MPEG-2-Format
244 Beispiel für MPEG-2-Einstellungen
Kapitel 19 247 Erstellen von MPEG-4-Ausgabedateien
247 MPEG-4 Part 2
248 Der Bereich „Codierer“ für das Format „MPEG-4 Part 2“
253 Verwenden der standardmäßigen MPEG-4 Part 2-Einstellungen
254 Anpassen der MPEG-4 Part 2-Einstellungen
256 Arbeitsablauf beim Audio-Podcasting
260 Hinzufügen zusätzlicher Einstellungen und Voreinstellungen
Kapitel 20 261 Erstellen von Dateien mit dem QuickTime-Export-Komponenten-Codierer
261 Erstellen von Ausgabedateien mit dem QuickTime-Export-Komponenten-Codierer
262 Installieren von QuickTime-Export-Komponenten-Plug-Ins
262 iPod-Plug-In
263 Bereich „Codierer“ für das Format „QuickTime-Export-Komponenten“
263 Konfigurieren der Exporteinstellungen
Kapitel 21 265 Erstellen von QuickTime-Ausgabedateien
265 Erstellen von QuickTime-Ausgabedateien
266 Bereich „Codierer“ für das Format „QuickTime-Film“
273 Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren in das QuickTime-Format
277 Funktionsweise von Codecs
277 QuickTime-Video-Codecs
279 QuickTime-Audio-Codecs
6 InhaltKapitel 22 281 Hinzufügen von Filtern zu einer Voreinstellung
281 Arbeiten mit Filtern
283 Bereich „Filter“
284 Bereich für „Video“
292 Bereich „Audio“
295 Bereich „Farbe“
295 Hinzufügen von Filtern zu einer Voreinstellung
Kapitel 23 299 Arbeiten mit Bildsteuerungen
299 Bereich „Bildsteuerungen“
305 Hinzufügen von Bildsteuerungen zu einer Voreinstellung
306 Deinterlacing
307 Reverse Telecine-Funktion
310 Verwenden der Retiming-Steuerelemente
Kapitel 24 313 Hinzufügen von Geometrieeinstellungen
313 Beschneiden, Skalieren und Padding
316 Bereich „Geometrie“
321 Geometrie-Anpassungen an einer Voreinstellung
Kapitel 25 325 Hinzufügen von Aktionen
325 Aktionen nach der Umcodierung
325 Hinzufügen von Aktionen für Voreinstellungen
327 Hinzufügen von Aktionen für Aufträge
Kapitel 26 343 Verwenden des Fensters „Vorschau“
343 Fenster „Vorschau“
351 Anzeigen eines Clips in der Vorschau
357 Umcodieren eines Clipausschnitts im Fenster „Vorschau“
358 Arbeiten mit Markern und Posterbildern
366 Kurzbefehle im Fenster „Vorschau“
Kapitel 27 367 Erstellen und Ändern von Zielorten
368 Bereich „Zielorte“
369 Verwenden des Fensters „Informationen“ für Zielorte
370 Erstellen eines Zielorts
372 Warnsymbole
372 Löschen und Duplizieren eines Zielorts
Kapitel 28 375 Arbeiten mit Droplets
376 Erstellen von Droplets
378 Fenster „Droplet“
381 Überprüfen der Droplet-Einstellungen
Inhalt 7383 Verwenden eines Droplets zum Umcodieren von Ausgangsmedien
385 Verwenden von Droplets zur Erstellung von Aufträgen und Voreinstellungen in Compressor
386 Tipps zu Droplets
Kapitel 29 387 Apple Qmaster und die verteilte Verarbeitung
387 Grundlagen der verteilten Verarbeitung
389 Grundlegende Komponenten des Apple Qmaster-Systems für die verteilte Verarbeitung
397 Schneller Einstieg mit der Option „Dieser Computer und“
399 Schneller Einstieg mit der Option „QuickCluster“
401 Die Oberflächen des Apple Qmaster-Systems für die verteilte Verarbeitung
408 Fenster „Apple Qmaster - Sharing“ in Compressor
413 Allgemeine Informationen zu Clustern
426 Erstellen von Clustern mit Apple Qadministrator
429 Einrichten der zeitweiligen verteilten Verarbeitung mit Shake
Anhang A 433 Tastaturkurzbefehle
433 Allgemeine Kurzbefehle in Compressor
434 Kurzbefehle des Fensters „Vorschau“
Anhang B 437 Fehlerbeseitigung
437 Ressourcen für die Fehlerbeseitigung
438 Lösungsvorschläge für häufig auftretende Probleme
439 Kontaktaufnahme mit dem AppleCare Support
Anhang C 441 Unterstützung für die Befehlszeile
441 Shell-Befehle für das Senden von Compressor-Aufträgen
8 InhaltCompressor spielt eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Videokomprimierung. Dank zahlreicher
Komprimierungseinstellungen und einer breiten Palette unterstützter Ausgabeformate
wird die Komprimierung damit zu einem schnellen, effizienten und unkomplizierten
Prozess.
Dieses Vorwort behandelt die folgenden Themen:
• Das Programm „Compressor“ (S. 9)
• Die Compressor-Dokumentation (S. 10)
• Weitere Ressourcen (S. 10)
Das Programm „Compressor“
Compressor wurde für Spezialisten im Bereich Videopostproduktion und -komprimierung
entwickelt, die Leistungsstärke und umfassende Steuerungsmöglichkeiten benötigen,
um den endgültigen digitalen Inhalt für das DVD-Authoring, für Streaming-Media-Server
und drahtlose Geräte vorzubereiten.
Compressor bietet Ihnen Optionen zum Ändern der Größe, zum Beschneiden und
Verarbeiten von Bildern, zum Codieren und zur Bereitstellung digitaler Inhalte. Außerdem
werden Funktionen für die Stapelverarbeitung und H.264-Codierung bereitgestellt ebenso
wie VBR-Optionen. Sie können u. a. Droplets und AppleScript verwenden, Voreinstellungen
für die Umcodierung angeben und sichern, Filter verwenden und Zielorte angeben.
Compressor bietet auch eine Vielzahl von Ausgabeformaten für Geräte von Apple, DVDs,
das Internet, CDs und Kiosksysteme.
Wichtig: Compressor 4 ist für die Zusammenarbeit mit Final Cut Pro X (und neuer) und
Motion 5 (und neuer) konzipiert und ist für die Funktion „An Compressor senden“
erforderlich. Alle Verweise auf Final Cut Pro und Motion in diesem Dokument beziehen
sich auf die genannten Versionen.
9
Compressor
VorwortDie Compressor-Dokumentation
Mit Compressor werden verschiedene Dokumente geliefert, die die Arbeit mit dem
Programm erleichtern und detaillierte Informationen darüber enthalten. (Zugriff auf die
Online-Hilfe für Compressor erhalten Sie, indem Sie Compressor öffnen und „Hilfe“ >
„Compressor-Hilfe“ wählen.)
• Compressor-Benutzerhandbuch: In diesem umfassenden Handbuch werden die
Benutzeroberfläche, Befehle und Menüs von Compressor beschrieben und schrittweise
Anleitungen für den Einsatz der Software für bestimmte Arbeiten gegeben. Es enthält
darüber hinaus Informationen zum Konfigurieren eines Apple Qmaster-Systems für die
verteilte Verarbeitung, das ein effizienteres Umcodieren und Rendern ermöglicht. Es
richtet sich an Benutzer aller Kenntnisstufen.
• Apple Qadministrator-Benutzerhandbuch: In diesem Dokument wird die manuelle
Konfiguration und Verwaltung von Clustern beschrieben, die in einem Apple
Qmaster-System für die verteilte Verarbeitung eingesetzt werden.
• Apple Qmaster User Manual: In diesem Dokument wird erklärt, wie Apple Qmaster als
Client für das Senden von Renderaufträgen aus Shake, Maya und anderen Programmen
an ein System für die verteilte Verarbeitung eingesetzt wird.
• Share-Monitor-Benutzerhandbuch: Dieses Dokument beschreibt, wie mit dem
Share-Monitor der Status der Umcodierung von Stapeln und Aufträgen überwacht
werden kann.
Weitere Ressourcen
Neben der mit Compressor gelieferten Dokumentation gibt es eine Vielzahl anderer
Ressourcen, denen Sie Informationen über Compressor entnehmen können.
Website für Compressor
Allgemeine Informationen und Aktualisierungen sowie aktuelle Informationen zu
Compressor finden Sie hier:
• http://www.apple.com/de/finalcutpro/compressor
Service & Support-Website von Apple
Auf der Support-Website von Apple finden Sie Softwareaktualisierungen und Antworten
auf häufig gestellte Fragen zu allen Apple-Produkten. Außerdem haben Sie Zugriff auf
technische Daten zu Produkten, Referenz-Dokumentationen und technische Artikel zu
Produkten von Apple und Drittanbietern.
• http://www.apple.com/de/support
Softwareaktualisierungen, Dokumentation, Diskussionsforen und Antworten auf häufig
gestellte Fragen zu Compressor finden Sie auf folgender Seite:
• http://www.apple.com/de/support/compressor
10 Vorwort CompressorCompressor enthält zahlreiche vordefinierte Einstellungen, mit denen Sie unmittelbar
mit dem Umcodieren beginnen können. Sie können mit dem Umcodieren von
Mediendateien beginnen, sobald Sie Compressor installiert haben. Voraussetzung ist,
dass Sie mindestens eine Ausgangsmediendatei haben und dass die vorhandenen
Stapelvorlagen oder Voreinstellungen und Zielorte von Compressor Ihren
Umcodierungsanforderungen entsprechen.
Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden folgende Themen behandelt:
• In Compressor verwendete Begriffe (S. 11)
• Compressor-Arbeitsablauf im Überblick: Verwenden von Stapelvorlagen (S. 12)
• Compressor-Arbeitsablauf im Überblick: Manuelles Verfahren (S. 17)
• Optionale Aufgaben, die Sie vor dem Senden eines Stapels ausführen können (S. 24)
In Compressor verwendete Begriffe
In Compressor werden einige Begriffe verwendet, die Ihnen geläufig sein sollten, bevor
Sie beginnen, mit dem Programm zu arbeiten.
Im Mittelpunkt des Umcodierungsprozesses steht ein Stapel. Er enthält mindestens eine
Ausgangsmediendatei, also die Datei(en), die Sie in ein anderes Format umwandeln oder
umcodieren wollen. Zu jeder Ausgangsmediendatei wird ein eigener Auftrag erstellt. Ein
Stapel kann also mehrere Aufträge enthalten, wobei jeder Auftrag auf seiner eigenen
Ausgangsmediendatei basiert.
Außerdem hat jeder Auftrag mindestens ein Ziel. Die Ziele legen fest, welche Art von
Ausgabedatei durch den Umcodierungsprozess erstellt und wo die Datei gespeichert
werden soll. Einem Auftrag können mehrere Ziele zugewiesen sein, was bedeutet, dass
Sie auf einfache Weise mehrere Ausgabedateien erstellen können, von denen jede ein
unterschiedliches Format hat.
11
Schneller Einstieg
1Jedes Ziel besteht aus drei Komponenten.
• Voreinstellung: Die Komponente Voreinstellung eines Ziels definiert den zu
verwendenden Umcodierungsprozess, u. a. das Codierungsformat, sowie eine Vielzahl
von Filtern und Geometrieattributen.
• Zielort: Die Komponente Zielort eines Ziels legt fest, wo die Ausgabedatei gesichert
wird. Darüber hinaus definiert sie die Regeln, die beim Festlegen des Namens der
Ausgabedatei verwendet werden. Compressor umfasst eine vordefinierte Voreinstellung,
die es Ihnen ermöglicht, einen Standardzielort anzugeben.
• Name der Ausgabedatei: Sie können den Ausgabedateinamen (die dritte Komponente
des Ziels) ändern, wenn Sie nicht den Namen verwenden wollen, der auf der Basis des
Zielorts generiert wurde.
Hinweis: Sie können einen Auftrag erst umcodieren, nachdem ihm mindestens eine
Voreinstellung zugewiesen wurde.
Wenn Sie Ihre eigenen Voreinstellungen erstellen oder vorhandene (im Lieferumfang der
Compressor-Software enthaltene) Voreinstellungen ändern müssen, finden Sie
entsprechende Informationen unter Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren
und Erstellen, Ansehen und Ändern von Voreinstellungen.
Compressor-Arbeitsablauf im Überblick: Verwenden von
Stapelvorlagen
Stapelvorlagen vereinfachen und beschleunigen den Umcodierungs-Arbeitsablauf. Der
folgende Arbeitsablauf zeigt eine schnelle und einfache Möglichkeit zur Verwendung
von Compressor mit Stapelvorlagen.
• Schritt 1: Auswahl einer Stapelvorlage
• Schritt 2: Hinzufügen einer Ausgangsmediendatei
• Schritt 3: Senden des Stapels
• Schritt 4: Verwenden von Aktionen, die nach der Umcodierung ausgeführt werden
• Schritt 5: Sichern eigener Stapelvorlagen - optional
Schritt 1: Auswahl einer Stapelvorlage
Damit Sie Compressor mit diesem Arbeitsablauf verwenden können, müssen Sie eine
Stapelvorlage auswählen.
Compressor öffnen und eine Stapelvorlage auswählen
1 Wählen Sie das Compressor-Symbol im Ordner „Programme“ durch Doppelklicken aus.
Compressor wird mit dem Auswahlfenster für Stapelvorlagen und einem leeren Stapel
ohne Titel mit einem Platzhalterauftrag angezeigt.
12 Kapitel 1 Schneller EinstiegHinweis: Das Auswahlfenster für Stapelvorlagen wird nicht angezeigt, wenn Sie zuvor
das Feld „Nicht erneut anzeigen“ markiert oder in den Einstellungen für Compressor die
Option „Leere Vorlage verwenden“ ausgewählt haben. Markieren Sie in den Einstellungen
für Compressor die Option „Vorlagenauswahl einblenden“, damit das Auswahlfenster für
Stapelvorlagen beim Erstellen neuer Stapel angezeigt wird. Sie können auch „Ablage“ >
„Neuer Stapel aus Vorlage“ wählen, damit beim Erstellen neuer Stapel das Auswahlfenster
für Stapelvorlagen eingeblendet wird.
Das Auswahlfenster für Stapelvorlagen enthält Optionen für die standardmäßigen
Apple-Stapelvorlagen (die in Schritt 2 beschrieben werden).
Es können auch eigene Stapelvorlagen hinzugefügt werden. Weitere Informationen hierzu
finden Sie unter Erstellen einer eigenen Stapelvorlage.
Hinweis: Wählen Sie im Menü „Fenster“ > „Anordnungen“ eine Standardanordnung der
Fenster, damit die Compressor-Benutzeroberfläche mit einer ähnlichen Anordnung
angezeigt wird wie in diesem Dokument.
Kapitel 1 Schneller Einstieg 132 Klicken Sie auf eine der Optionen im Auswahlfenster für Stapelvorlagen, um sie
auszuwählen.
Die Standard-Apple-Stapelvorlagen sind unten aufgeführt.
• Audio-Podcast erstellen: Mit dieser Vorlage kann eine für Podcasting verwendbare
AAC-Audiodatei erzeugt und der iTunes-Mediathek hinzugefügt werden.
• Blu-ray-Disc erstellen: Verwenden Sie diese Vorlage, um BD H.264-Videodateien und
Dolby Digital Professional-Audiodateien (.ac3) zu erstellen und sie automatisch auf eine
Blu-ray- oder AVCHD-DVD zu brennen (AVCHD-DVDs lassen sich mit Blu-ray-Disc-Playern
abspielen, die mit dem AVCHD-Format kompatibel sind).
• DVD erstellen: Mit dieser Vorlage kann eine SD-DVD (Standard Definition) mit Videodaten
im MPEG-2-Format (.m2v) und Audiodaten im Dolby Digital Professional-Format (.ac3)
erzeugt und automatisch gebrannt werden.
• HTTP-Live-Streaming: Mit dieser Vorlage können Sie eine Gruppe von Dateien erstellen,
die für das Streaming eines Films auf ein iPhone oder iPad, einen iPod touch oder einen
Mac mit einem normalen Server verwendet werden können.
• Auf Apple TV veröffentlichen: Mit dieser Vorlage kann eine für die Wiedergabe mit Apple
TV geeignete Videodatei erzeugt und der iTunes-Mediathek hinzugefügt werden.
• Auf YouTube veröffentlichen: Mit dieser Vorlage kann eine Videodatei, die auf YouTube
angezeigt werden kann, erzeugt und auf einen YouTube-Account geladen werden.
Hinweis: Welche Vorlage Sie wählen, hängt von der beabsichtigten Verwendung der
erstellten Ausgabemediendatei ab. Wenn keine geeignete Vorlage für den gewünschten
Arbeitsablauf vorhanden ist, können Sie das manuelle Verfahren verwenden. Weitere
Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Compressor-Arbeitsablauf im Überblick: Manuelles
Verfahren. Weitere Informationen zur Erstellung eigener Vorlagen finden Sie unter Erstellen
einer eigenen Stapelvorlage.
3 Klicken Sie auf „Auswählen“.
14 Kapitel 1 Schneller EinstiegCompressor wendet ein Ziel auf den Platzhalterauftrag an. Das Ziel enthält die geeignete
Umcodierungsvoreinstellung (auf der Basis der gewählten Vorlage), den Standardzielort
(Original) und einen Vorschlag für den Ausgabedateinamen auf der Basis des
Ausgangsdateinamens und des Namens der verwendeten Voreinstellung.
Standardmäßig verwenden Stapelvorlagen „Original“ (den gleichen Ordner, aus dem die
Ausgangsmediendateien stammen) als Zielort für die codierten Dateien. Weitere
Informationen zum Auswählen anderer Zielorte finden Sie unter Erstellen und Ändern
von Zielorten.
Schritt 2: Hinzufügen einer Ausgangsmediendatei
Bewegen Sie eine Ausgangsdatei aus dem Finder oder vom Schreibtisch zum
Platzhalterauftrag im Fenster „Stapel“.
Hinweis: Es kann nur eine einzige Ausgangsdatei hierher bewegt werden, weil
Stapelvorlagen lediglich einen Auftrag enthalten. Wenn Sie mehrere Dateien auf den
Auftrag bewegen, wird dem Auftrag nur die letzte Datei hinzugefügt und alle anderen
Dateien werden ignoriert.
Schritt 3: Senden des Stapels
Wenn für den Auftrag eine Ausgangsmediendatei, eine Voreinstellung, ein Zielort und
ein Ausgabedateinamen angegeben sind, kann er verarbeitet werden.
Stapel zur Verarbeitung senden
µ Klicken Sie auf die Taste „Senden“, um den Stapel mit Ihrem Auftrag zu senden.
Kapitel 1 Schneller Einstieg 15Daraufhin wird ein Dialogfenster angezeigt, in dem Sie den aktuellen Sendevorgang
benennen können. Außerdem können Sie dort festlegen, ob eine verteilte Verarbeitung
erfolgen soll, und die Priorität für das Senden festlegen. In der Regel können Sie die
Einstellungen unverändert lassen und einfach auf „Senden“ klicken.
Weitere Informationen über das Dialogfenster „Senden“ finden Sie unter Senden eines
Stapels.
Nachdem Sie einen Stapel gesendet haben, können Sie im Verlaufsfenster von Compressor
oder im Programm „Share-Monitor“ den Status der Umcodierung Ihres Stapels überwachen.
Sie können auch in den Compressor-Einstellungen festlegen, dass das Programm
„Share-Monitor“ automatisch geöffnet wird.
Schritt 4: Verwenden von Aktionen, die nach der Umcodierung
ausgeführt werden
Fast jede Stapelvorlage enthält eine Aktion, die automatisch nach der Umcodierung
ausgeführt wird. Wenn Compressor die Umcodierung eines dieser Stapelvorlagenaufträge
in eine Ausgabemediendatei beendet hat, wird eine entsprechende automatische Aktion
wie das Laden der Datei auf einen YouTube-Account, das Ausführen eines
Automator-Arbeitsablaufs oder das Brennen einer DVD ausgeführt.
Weitere Informationen zu Aktionen für Aufträge finden Sie unter Bereich
„Auftragseigenschaft“ und unter Hinzufügen von Aktionen.
Im Folgenden sind die für die einzelnen Stapelvorlagen von Compressor nach der
Umcodierung standardmäßig ausgeführten Aktionen aufgeführt.
• Audio-Podcast erstellen: Compressor fügt die Datei zur iTunes-Mediathek hinzu.
• Blu-ray-Disc erstellen: Compressor erstellt eine Blu-ray-Disc.
• DVD erstellen: Compressor erstellt eine DVD.
• HTTP-Live-Streaming: Compressor bereit die Ausgabe für das HTTP-Live-Streaming vor.
• Auf Apple TV veröffentlichen: Compressor fügt die Datei zur iTunes-Mediathek hinzu.
• Auf YouTube veröffentlichen: Die Datei wird auf YouTube veröffentlicht.
16 Kapitel 1 Schneller EinstiegSchritt 5: Sichern eigener Stapelvorlagen - optional
Informationen über die optionale Erstellung von eigenen Vorlagen finden Sie unter
Erstellen einer eigenen Stapelvorlage.
Compressor-Arbeitsablauf im Überblick: Manuelles Verfahren
Der folgende Arbeitsablauf zeigt eine einfache Möglichkeit zum manuellen Erstellen und
Verarbeiten eines Stapels in Compressor.
• Schritt 1: Hinzufügen von Ausgangsmediendateien
• Schritt 2: Zuweisen von Voreinstellungen und Zielorten
• Schritt 3: Senden des Stapels
Schritt 1: Hinzufügen von Ausgangsmediendateien
Wenn Sie Compressor verwenden wollen, müssen Sie zunächst Ausgangsmediendateien
im Fenster „Stapel“ hinzufügen.
Compressor öffnen und Ausgangsmediendateien im Fenster „Stapel“ hinzufügen
1 Wählen Sie das Compressor-Symbol im Ordner „Programme“ durch Doppelklicken aus.
Compressor wird mit dem Auswahlfenster für Stapelvorlagen und einem leeren Stapel
ohne Titel mit einem Platzhalterauftrag angezeigt.
2 Da dieser Arbeitsablauf auf das manuelle Verfahren ausgerichtet ist und nicht auf die
Verwendung einer Stapelvorlage, klicken Sie im Auswahlfenster für Stapelvorlagen auf
„Abbrechen“, um es zu schließen.
Kapitel 1 Schneller Einstieg 17Wenn Sie verhindern wollen, dass das Auswahlfenster für Stapelvorlagen künftig geöffnet
wird, markieren Sie das Feld „Nicht erneut an zeigen“ oder wählen Sie „Leere Vorlage
verwenden“ in den Compressor-Einstellungen.
Weitere Informationen zur Verwendung einer Stapelvorlage finden Sie unter
Compressor-Arbeitsablauf im Überblick: Verwenden von Stapelvorlagen.
In der nachfolgenden Abbildung sind die restlichen Fenster der Compressor-Oberfläche
dargestellt.
Hinweis: Wählen Sie im Menü „Fenster“ > „Anordnungen“ eine Standardanordnung der
Fenster, damit die Compressor-Benutzeroberfläche mit einer ähnlichen Anordnung
angezeigt wird wie oben abgebildet.
3 Bewegen Sie eine oder mehrere Ausgangsdateien aus dem Finder oder vom Schreibtisch
in einen leeren Bereich des Fensters „Stapel“ (in diesem Beispiel direkt unter den leeren
Auftrag).
Hinweis: Wenn Sie mehrere Dateien auf den leeren Auftrag bewegen, wird dem Auftrag
nur die letzte Datei hinzugefügt und alle anderen Dateien werden ignoriert.
18 Kapitel 1 Schneller EinstiegFür jede Ausgangsdatei, die Sie in den Stapel bewegt haben, wird jeweils ein neuer Auftrag
erstellt.
Each source file creates
a job in the batch.
Target area (empty in
this case) of a job Weitere Informationen zu den Steuerelementen im Fenster „Stapel“ finden Sie unter Das
Fenster „Stapel“.
Schritt 2: Zuweisen von Voreinstellungen und Zielorten
Sie müssen jedem für eine Ausgangsmediendatei erstellten Auftrag mindestens eine
Voreinstellung zuweisen, bevor Sie den Stapel zum Umcodieren senden können. Sie
können demselben Auftrag jedoch mehrere Voreinstellungen hinzufügen, um ihn in
mehrere Versionen der Mediendatei umzucodieren. Die Kombination aus Voreinstellung
und Zielort wird in Compressor als Ziel bezeichnet.
Kapitel 1 Schneller Einstieg 19Einem Auftrag eine Voreinstellung und einen Zielort zuweisen
1 Wählen Sie eine der folgenden Möglichkeiten, um den Aufträgen für die Ausgangsmedien
eine Voreinstellung zuzuweisen.
• Unterschiedliche Voreinstellungen unterschiedlichen Aufträgen zuweisen: Bewegen Sie
Voreinstellungen aus dem Bereich „Voreinstellungen“ auf einzelne Aufträge im Fenster
„Stapel“.
Select one or more
(two in this case) settings
to apply to the job.
A job with a source
media file in the
Batch window
• Einzelne Voreinstellung mehreren ausgewählten Aufträgen zuweisen: Wählen Sie die
Aufträge (Ausgangsmediendateien) im Fenster „Stapel“ aus und wählen Sie „Ziel“ >
„Neues Ziel mit Voreinstellung“. Daraufhin wird über dem Fenster „Stapel“ ein
Dialogfenster zur Auswahl der Voreinstellung angezeigt.
20 Kapitel 1 Schneller EinstiegClick Add to assign
the settings to the
selected jobs.
Select the settings
to apply to the
selected jobs.
Select the jobs in
the Batch window.
Wählen Sie mindestens eine Voreinstellung. Klicken Sie dabei auf die Dreiecksymbole,
um die einzelnen Voreinstellungen anzuzeigen, und anschließend auf „Hinzufügen“.
Die gewählten Voreinstellungen werden allen ausgewählten Aufträgen zugewiesen.
New targets are added
for each setting you
drag to the job.
Sie können auch mittels „Bearbeiten“ > „Alles auswählen“ alle Aufträge auswählen,
bevor Sie die Voreinstellungen anwenden. Weitere Informationen zu Voreinstellungen
finden Sie unter Erstellen, Ansehen und Ändern von Voreinstellungen. Weitere
Informationen zur Arbeit mit Aufträgen und Zielen finden Sie unter Fertigstellen von
Aufträgen und Senden von Stapeln.
Im nächsten Schritt wird der Zielort angegeben. Standardmäßig wird „Original“ als
Zielort verwendet. In diesem Fall werden die Ausgabedateien im gleichen Ordner wie
die zugehörigen Ausgangsmediendateien abgelegt. Sie können den Zielort ändern,
wenn Sie eine andere Ablagestruktur bevorzugen. Zudem haben Sie auch die
Möglichkeit, größere oder schnellere Festplatten zu verwenden.
Kapitel 1 Schneller Einstieg 21Hinweis: Sie können in Compressor im Fenster „Einstellungen“ einen Standardzielort
wählen. Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Festlegen von
Compressor-Einstellungen.
Legen Sie den Zielort für jedes einzelne Ziel oder für eine ausgewählte Gruppe von
Zielen fest.
2 Verwenden Sie eine der folgenden Möglichkeiten, um einen Zielort für die Ziele Ihres
Auftrags auszuwählen.
• Keine Aktion: Akzeptieren Sie den Standardzielordner „Original“ (derselbe Ordner, aus
dem die Ausgangsmedien stammen), der in der Spalte „Zielort“ angegeben ist.
• Kontextmenü des Ziels verwenden, um jeweils eine Einstellung zu ändern: Klicken Sie bei
gedrückter Taste „ctrl“ auf das Ziel, das Sie ändern wollen, und wählen Sie einen der
vordefinierten Zielorte, der im Untermenü „Zielort“ angeboten wird.
Use the target’s shortcut
menu to change the
destination for the
selected targets.
Sie können im Kontextmenü auch „Andere“ wählen. Daraufhin wird ein Dialogfenster
geöffnet, in dem Sie als Zielort einen beliebigen Speicherort wählen können, auf den Sie
mit Ihrem Computer zugreifen können.
Hinweis: Wenn Sie „Andere“ wählen, können Sie jede beliebige Umgebung wählen, die
von Ihrem Schreibtisch aus gerade zugänglich ist, einschließlich eines aktivierten
verfügbaren Volumes. Dieses Volume muss jedoch verfügbar bleiben, bis der Stapel
umcodiert ist.
Mit derselben Methode können Sie auch mehrere Ziele auswählen und deren Zielorte
alle auf einmal ändern. Darüber hinaus haben Sie die Möglichkeit, aus dem Kontextmenü
des Ziels einen Zielort auszuwählen oder einen Zielort aus dem Bereich „Zielorte“ zum
Ziel zu bewegen.
Weitere Informationen zu Zielorten finden Sie unter Erstellen und Ändern von Zielorten.
3 Sie können den Stapel benennen und anschließend sichern. Wählen Sie dazu „Ablage“
> „Sichern“.
Schritt 3: Senden des Stapels
Sobald jeder Mediendatei mindestens eine Voreinstellung und ein Zielort zugeordnet
sind, wird dies als Auftrag bezeichnet. Ihr Stapel kann nun gesendet werden.
22 Kapitel 1 Schneller EinstiegStapel zur Verarbeitung senden
µ Klicken Sie auf „Senden“.
Daraufhin wird ein Dialogfenster angezeigt, in dem Sie den aktuellen Sendevorgang
benennen können. Außerdem können Sie dort festlegen, ob eine verteilte Verarbeitung
erfolgen soll, und die Priorität für das Senden festlegen. In der Regel können Sie die
Einstellungen unverändert lassen und einfach auf „Senden“ klicken.
Weitere Informationen über das Dialogfenster „Senden“ finden Sie unter Senden eines
Stapels.
Nachdem Sie einen Stapel gesendet haben, können Sie das Programm „Share-Monitor“
öffnen, um den Fortschritt beim Umcodieren Ihres Stapels zu überwachen. Sie können
auch festlegen, dass der Share-Monitor automatisch geöffnet wird (im Fenster mit den
Compressor-Einstellungen).
Hinweis: Sie können den Share-Monitor jederzeit durch Doppelklicken auf das
entsprechende Symbol im Dock öffnen. Sie können auch im Fenster „Stapel“ auf das
entsprechende Symbol klicken.
Kapitel 1 Schneller Einstieg 23Sie haben auch die Möglichkeit, den Fortschritt des Codierungsvorgangs im Fenster
„Verlauf“ zu überwachen.
Weitere Informationen zu Aufträgen und Stapeln finden Sie unter Fertigstellen von
Aufträgen und Senden von Stapeln.
Optionale Aufgaben, die Sie vor dem Senden eines Stapels
ausführen können
Die im vorherigen Abschnitt beschriebenen Schritte zeigen Ihnen die schnellste
Möglichkeit zum Umcodieren von Mediendateien. Obwohl Sie bei dieser Vorgehensweise
vorhandene Einstellungen ändern können, können Sie keine Vorschau Ihrer Dateien
anzeigen und auch keine Feinabstimmung der Einstellungen vornehmen.
In den folgenden Kapiteln werden zusätzliche Schritte genannt, die Sie auf der Basis der
Voreinstellung für einen beliebigen Auftrag durchführen können, bevor dieser gesendet
wird:
• Erstellen, Ansehen und Ändern von Voreinstellungen
• Fertigstellen von Aufträgen und Senden von Stapeln
• Hinzufügen von Filtern zu einer Voreinstellung
• Arbeiten mit Bildsteuerungen
• Hinzufügen von Geometrieeinstellungen
• Hinzufügen von Aktionen
• Verwenden des Fensters „Vorschau“
• Erstellen und Ändern von Zielorten
Die folgenden Kapitel enthalten nähere Einzelheiten zu Einstellungen im Hinblick auf
Ausgabeformate und zu verschiedenen Optionen für das Umcodieren:
• Erstellen von AIFF-Dateien
• Erstellen von Dateien für gängige Audioformate
• Erstellen von Ausgabedateien im Format „DV-Stream“
• Erstellen von Ausgabedateien im Format „Dolby Digital Professional“
• Erstellen von Ausgabedateien im Format „H.264 für Apple-Geräte“
24 Kapitel 1 Schneller Einstieg• Erstellen von Ausgabedaten im Format „H.264 für Blu-ray“
• Erstellen von Bildsequenzdateien
• Erstellen von MP3-Ausgabedateien
• Erstellen von MPEG-1-Ausgabedateien
• Erstellen von MPEG-2-Ausgabedateien
• Erstellen von MPEG-4-Ausgabedateien
• Erstellen von Dateien mit dem QuickTime-Export-Komponenten-Codierer
• Erstellen von QuickTime-Ausgabedateien
Kapitel 1 Schneller Einstieg 25Compressor ist eine leistungsstarke und flexible Software, mit der Sie die gewünschten
Ergebnisse auf viele Arten erreichen können.
Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden folgende Themen behandelt:
• Typische Compressor-Szenarien (S. 28)
• Leistungsmerkmale der Compressor-Software (S. 29)
27
Einsatzmöglichkeiten für
Compressor 2Typische Compressor-Szenarien
Die folgenden Szenarien sind typische Einsatzbereiche für Compressor.
• Konvertieren von Ausgangsmedien in ein oder mehrere unterschiedliche
Ausgabeformate: Mit Compressor können Sie eine oder mehrere Mediendateien in ein
oder mehrere unterschiedliche Ausgabeformate konvertieren. Weitere Informationen
hierzu finden Sie unter Compressor-Arbeitsablauf im Überblick: Manuelles Verfahren.
Apple TV DVD video CD-ROM
iPhone
iPad
iPod
iTunes
H.264
MP3
AC-3
MP3
MPEG-1
MPEG-4
QuickTime
AC-3
AIFF
H.264
MPEG-1
MPEG-2
AIFF
MP3
QuickTime
Blu-ray Disc
H.264
AC-3
Source media or
Final Cut Pro project
To web
QuickTime
movie
(for broadband
and lowband)
• Exportieren von Sequenzen oder Clips in ein oder mehrere Formate direkt aus anderen
Programmen: Compressor bietet Ihnen die Möglichkeit, Sequenzen oder Clips direkt
aus anderen Programmen, wie zum Beispiel Final Cut Pro, in eines oder mehrere
Dateiformate zu konvertieren. Dieser Arbeitsablauf ist derselbe, der detailliert unter
Senden eines Projekts zur Umcodierung beschrieben wird.
28 Kapitel 2 Einsatzmöglichkeiten für CompressorDiese Integration mit Final Cut Pro und Motion beschleunigt und vereinfacht die
Umcodierung (das Konvertieren von Dateien aus ihrem Originalformat in
Ausgabedateien, die in einem anderen Format bereitgestellt werden). Die Integration
spart auch Festplattenspeicher, da zwischengespeicherte Mediendateien nicht mehr
exportiert werden müssen, bevor sie verarbeitet werden können. Da bei einem Großteil
der Verarbeitungsschritte die Technologien für die Videoverarbeitung der anderen
Programme genutzt werden, wird die Qualität der codierten Bilder optimiert. Gleichzeitig
werden Qualitätsverluste aufgrund wiederholter Komprimierungs- und
Dekomprimierungsvorgänge vermieden.
• Erstellen DVD-kompatibler Dateien: Damit Sie Ihre vorhandenen Mediendateien in ein
DVD-Projekt umwandeln können, müssen Sie das Videomaterial in Dateien im Format
MPEG-1 (nur SD-Projekte), MPEG-2 (SD- und HD-Projekte) oder H.264 (nur HD-Projekte)
konvertieren. Compressor kann Audiodateien im Format „Dolby Digital Professional“
(auch AC-3 genannt) codieren. Dolby Digital Professional ist ein sehr gängiges
komprimiertes Audioformat für DVDs. Compressor bietet auch für die folgenden beiden
Sonderfälle Unterstützung:
• Wenn Sie HD-Material (High Definition) in Final Cut Pro bearbeiten und eine DVD im
SD-Format daraus erstellen möchten, bietet sich die Compressor-Funktion für die
Abwärtskonvertierung in hoher Qualität an. Aus HD-Ausgangsmaterial mit einer
Auflösung von 1080i oder 720p entstehen mithilfe einer Umcodierung
SD-MPEG-2-Videoausgabedateien in hoher Qualität.
• Für Fälle, bei denen Sie möglichst viel Videomaterial auf einer DVD unterbringen
müssen und keine TV-Qualität benötigt wird, bietet sich die Compressor-Funktion
zum Export von DVD-Video-kompatiblen MPEG-1-Dateien an.
Leistungsmerkmale der Compressor-Software
Compressor kann als eigenständiges Programm verwendet werden oder auch in die
Abläufe anderer Programme, wie zum Beispiel Final Cut Pro, integriert werden. Daher
akzeptiert Compressor die gleiche umfassende Palette an Dateitypen für Ausgangsmedien
wie Final Cut Pro. Compressor bietet folgende Funktionen.
• Stapelverarbeitung: Dieser hoch effiziente Prozess erlaubt es Ihnen, aus einzelnen
Ausgangsmediendateien mehrere Ausgabedateien zu erstellen.
• VBR-Optionen: Mithilfe des MPEG-2-Codierers können Sie für Ihre Ausgabedateien eine
variable Bitrate (VBR) entweder als 1-Pass-VBR oder als 2-Pass-VBR festlegen. Diese
Einstellung beeinflusst die Bildqualität der Videodatei.
Kapitel 2 Einsatzmöglichkeiten für Compressor 29• H.264-Codierung: H.264 produziert Videos in höherer Qualität mit niedrigeren Datenraten
für den universellen Einsatz - von Handys bis hin zu HD (High Definition). H.264 arbeitet
besonders gut mit dem Apple QuickTime Player zusammen. Compressor unterstützt
die H.264-Formate, die speziell für Blu-ray Discs, iTunes, iPhone, iPad, iPod und Apple
TV konzipiert sind.
• Droplets: Diese eigenständigen Programme können für Umcodierungsvorgänge per
Drag&Drop verwendet und direkt von Ihrem Schreibtisch aus gestartet werden. Sind
sie einmal erstellt, vereinfachen und automatisieren Droplets den Umcodierungsprozess.
Sie können sogar verwendet werden, ohne dass Compressor geöffnet ist.
• Voreinstellungen: Die Voreinstellungen enthalten alle notwendigen Dateiformat-, Filterund Geometrieeinstellungen, die beim Umcodieren benötigt werden. Sie können die
von Apple zur Verfügung gestellten Voreinstellungen anpassen und ändern oder neue
erstellen. So können Sie eine Bibliothek mit spezialisierten Voreinstellungen aufbauen
und sichern, die jederzeit wieder verwendet werden können.
• Filter: Die große Auswahl an Compressor-Filtern sichert Ihnen dynamische, kreative
Steuerungsmöglichkeiten beim Konvertieren Ihrer Ausgangsmedien in andere Formate.
So können Sie sicherstellen, dass das Endprodukt genau Ihren Vorstellungen entspricht.
Zu den verfügbaren Filtern gehören: Ein-/Ausblenden, Timecode-Überlagerungen,
Gamma-Korrektur, Entfernen von Rauschen, Letterbox, Wasserzeichen, Farbanpassung
und andere. Darüber hinaus gibt es Audiofilter zur Steuerung von Dynamikbereich,
Spitzenpegeln, Frequenzkurven-Entzerrung und Ein-/Ausblendungen.
• Vorschau: Sie können sich im Fenster „Vorschau“ eine Vorschau Ihrer Filtereinstellungen
in Echtzeit ansehen, während Sie diese im Fenster „Informationen“ anpassen. Damit
können Sie die Einstellungen so optimieren, dass sie Ihren Wünschen entsprechen,
bevor Sie die Ausgangsmediendatei umcodieren.
• Zielorte: Sie können Zielorte (Speicherorte) für Ihre Ausgabedateien definieren und
sichern. Diese können dann dem Ziel der Ausgangsmediendatei zugewiesen werden.
Als Zielorte können sogar FTP- und iDisk-Server festgelegt werden. Ein Zielort kann
auch die Konventionen für die Benennung von Dateien vorgeben.
• Geometrie: Sie können die Bildgröße mithilfe der Geometrie-Steuerelemente im Fenster
„Informationen“ und mit den grafischen Steuerelementen im Fenster „Vorschau“
anpassen. Mit diesen Funktionen können Sie unerwünschte Bildbereiche in Ihrer
Ausgangsmediendatei beschneiden und die Dateigröße reduzieren. Außerdem können
Sie mit Compressor die Bildgröße auch an andere Seitenverhältnisse wie z. B. 4:3, 16:9
und 2,35:1 anpassen, wenn die Bereitstellung der Mediendateien für andere Plattformen
wie DVD oder einen iPod erfolgt.
• Freigeben: Sie können Compressor verwenden, um Ausgabedateien auf einen QuickTime
Streaming Server oder andere Umgebungen für das DVD-Authoring zu laden.
30 Kapitel 2 Einsatzmöglichkeiten für Compressor• Verwendung von AppleScript-Skripten: Sie können zu jeder Ausgabedatei spezialisierte
Informationen in Form von AppleScript-Skripten hinzufügen. Dadurch haben Sie die
Möglichkeit, alle Arbeitsschritte nach der Codierung zu automatisieren und anzupassen.
• Interoperabilität: Compressor ist integraler Bestandteil anderer professioneller
Apple-Programme für die Videobearbeitung wie Final Cut Pro und Motion. Sie können
beispielsweise Sequenzen direkt aus Final Cut Pro in Compressor zum Umcodieren
exportieren.
• Umcodieren im Hintergrund: In Compressor muss die Umcodierung eines Stapels nur
gestartet werden. Die eigentliche Verarbeitung findet anschließend im Hintergrund
statt, sodass Sie gleichzeitig andere Aufgaben erledigen können.
• Benachrichtigung per E-Mail: Sie können Compressor so konfigurieren, dass das
Programm eine Benachrichtigung per E-Mail an eine bestimmte Adresse schickt, sobald
die Umcodierung des Stapels abgeschlossen ist.
• Verteilte Verarbeitung: Compressor bietet die Möglichkeit der verteilten Verarbeitung,
bei der die Arbeit auf mehrere zuvor ausgewählte Computer verteilt wird, sodass mehr
Verarbeitungsleistung zur Verfügung steht. Die Funktion für die verteilte Verarbeitung
ist auf Computer beschränkt, auf denen Compressor installiert ist. Weitere Informationen
finden Sie unter Apple Qmaster und die verteilte Verarbeitung.
• Verwenden der Befehlszeile: Compressor verfügt über eine Reihe von
Befehlszeilen-Optionen für das Senden von Aufträgen, das Aktivieren und Deaktivieren
von Dienstknoten- und Cluster-Controller-Diensten sowie für das Überwachen von
Stapeln. Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Unterstützung für die Befehlszeile.
Kapitel 2 Einsatzmöglichkeiten für Compressor 31Compressor macht es Ihnen leicht, Medien in mehrere Formate umzucodieren. Darüber
hinaus ist Compressor in Final Cut Pro und Motion integriert.
Bei einfachen Arbeitsabläufen oder solchen, die sich wiederholen, können Sie auch die
Funktion „Senden“ in Final Cut Pro und Motion verwenden. Mithilfe der Funktion „Senden“
können Sie per Mausklick Ihre Arbeit ohne genauere Kenntnisse über Umcodierung,
Sendeformate oder FTP-Protokolle an Kunden, Freunde und andere Personen schicken.
Im Fenster „Senden“ von Final Cut Pro und Motion können Sie sehr schnell
Ausgabemediendateien in Formaten für iPhone, iPod, Apple TV, DVD, Blu-ray-Disc und
YouTube erzeugen und bereitstellen, ohne dass Sie weitere Programme öffnen müssen.
Weitere Informationen über die Funktion „Senden“ erhalten Sie im Final Cut
Pro-Benutzerhandbuch und im Motion-Benutzerhandbuch.
Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden folgende Themen behandelt:
• Compressor-Grundlagen und Terminologie (S. 33)
• Vorbereiten von Compressor zur Umcodierung mit eigenen Voreinstellungen (S. 37)
• Wählen eines Ausgabeformats (S. 39)
• Erstellen eines Compressor-Stapels (S. 40)
• Anzeigen des Status beim Umcodieren (S. 43)
• Optionale Compressor-Kurzbefehle (S. 43)
Compressor-Grundlagen und Terminologie
Nachfolgend finden Sie einige allgemeine Begriffe, die Ihnen bei der Arbeit mit Compressor
begegnen können.
33
Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf
beim Umcodieren 3Die Abbildung unten illustriert den Standardablauf beim Umcodieren mit Compressor.
Die größte Komponente im Umcodierungsprozess ist ein Stapel. Der Stapel repräsentiert
alle Komponenten, die zum Umcodieren Ihrer aktuellen Medien benötigt werden. Er muss
mindestens einen Auftrag enthalten. Ein Auftrag besteht aus mindestens einer
Ausgangsmediendatei, der mindestens ein Ziel zugewiesen ist. Zu jedem Ziel gehört eine
Voreinstellung und ein Zielort. Wenn der Vorgang des Umcodierens abgeschlossen ist,
wird die resultierende Datei als Ausgabedatei bezeichnet. Für jede Voreinstellung, die
einer Ausgangsmediendatei zugewiesen ist, wird eine Ausgabedatei erstellt.
In der nachfolgenden Abbildung enthält der Stapel zwei Ausgangsmediendateien, von
denen jede einen Auftrag darstellt. Diese Aufträge enthalten wiederum je zwei Ziele
(Kombinationen aus einer Voreinstellung und einem Zielort). Insgesamt werden beim
Umcodieren dieses Stapels vier Ausgabedateien erstellt. Auftrag 1 erstellt zwei
Ausgabedateien, ebenso Auftrag 2.
Job 2
Job1
Output media file
(Job 1, Target 1)
Output media file
(Job 1, Target 2)
Output media file
(Job 2, Target 1)
Output media file
(Job 2, Target 2)
Source
media file
1
Source
media file
2
Target 1
Setting Destination
Target 2
Setting Destination
Target 1
Setting Destination
Target 2
Setting Destination
Batch
Machen Sie sich mit den folgenden Begriffen vertraut:
• Codec: Kurz für COmpression/DECompression. Ein mathematisches Modell zur
Reduzierung der Daten einer Ausgangsmediendatei.
• Dateiformat: Entspricht dem Ausgabeformat, das Sie zum Umcodieren Ihrer
Ausgangsmediendatei verwenden.
• Gruppe: Enthält zugewiesene Voreinstellungen, die in einem Ordner im Bereich
„Voreinstellungen“ abgelegt sind. Gruppen helfen Ihnen beim Strukturieren Ihrer
Voreinstellungen und können den Erstellungsprozess für Aufträge vereinfachen.
34 Kapitel 3 Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren• Umcodieren: Der Prozess der Konvertierung von Dateien aus ihrem Originalformat in
Ausgabedateien, die in einem anderen Format weitergegeben werden können. Hängt
eng mit den Begriffen Komprimierung (Reduzierung von Daten) und Codieren (ähnlich
wie „Umcodieren“, allerdings ohne Schwerpunkt auf dem Konvertierungsprozess)
zusammen.
• Ausgangsmediendatei: Der Umcodierungsprozess beginnt immer mit einer
Ausgangsmediendatei (die Datei, die umcodiert werden soll, in ihrem Ausgangsformat).
Ausgangsmediendateien liegen immer in einer der folgenden Formen vor:
• Filme: Filme enthalten Video-, Audio- und andere Daten (wie Marker).
• Standbilder: Diese Mediendateien werden als Teil einer Sequenz von Standbildern
für bestimmte Videoproduktionen verwendet.
• QuickTime: QuickTime ist eine plattformübergreifende Multimedia-Technologie, mit
der Mac OS- und Windows-Programme Video- und Audiomaterial sowie Standbilder
aufnehmen und abspielen können. QuickTime-Dateien können viele verschiedene
Arten von Medien und Codecs enthalten. Über Codecs erhält QuickTime Anweisungen,
wie die Medien wiedergegeben werden sollen.
Kapitel 3 Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren 35Bei einem typischen Umcodierungsprozess mit Compressor sind folgende Komponenten
und Einstellungen relevant.
• Voreinstellung: Nachdem Sie Ihre Ausgangsmediendatei importiert haben, müssen Sie
ihr mindestens eine Voreinstellung zuweisen. Eine Voreinstellung ist eine Kombination
aus Umcodierungsattributen (wie Ausgabeformat, Filter und Geometrieeinstellungen),
die während des Umcodierungsprozesses auf die Ausgangsmediendatei angewendet
werden.
• Ausgabe(datei)format: Entspricht dem Codierer, den Sie für die Konvertierung Ihrer
Ausgangsmediendatei wählen. Wählen Sie eines der folgenden Ausgabeformate -
je nachdem, welches die beabsichtigte Wiedergabemethode und -umgebung Ihrer
umcodierten Mediendatei ist: AIFF, Dolby Digital Professional, DV-Stream, H.264 für
Apple-Geräte (enthält Voreinstellungen für die Verwendung mit einem iPhone, iPad,
iPod oder Apple TV), Bildsequenz (unterstützt TIFF- und TARGA-Bilder), MPEG-1,
MPEG-2, MPEG-4, QuickTime-Film oder QuickTime-Export-Komponenten.
• Filter: Ermöglichen Ihnen das Anpassen verschiedener Merkmale Ihres Videos wie
Farbe, Helligkeit und Schärfe. Dadurch können Sie die Qualität Ihres Videos beim
Komprimieren der Datei optimieren.
• Geometrieeinstellungen: Ermöglichen Ihnen das Beschneiden von Bildern und das
Anpassen der Bildgröße.
• Aktionseinstellungen: Ermöglichen das Erstellen automatischer Aktionen zum
Ausführen nach der Umcodierung und ihr Anwenden auf Aufträge und Einstellungen.
Erstellen Sie ganz einfach Ausgabemediendateien und stellen Sie diese bereit. Senden
Sie E-Mail-Benachrichtigungen und führen Sie mit Automator Arbeiten nach der
Umcodierung aus.
• Zielort: Auch der Ausgangsmediendatei muss ein Zielort zugewiesen werden. Das ist
der Ort, an dem Ihre umcodierte Mediendatei gespeichert wird. Hierfür können Sie
entweder den Standard-Zielordner „Original“ verwenden (derselbe Ordner, in dem sich
die Ausgangsmediendatei befindet), oder Sie bestimmen einen beliebigen anderen
Speicherort, auf den Sie uneingeschränkt Zugriff haben. Sie können den Standardzielort
auch in den Compressor-Einstellungen ändern. Der Zielort bestimmt außerdem, wie
die umcodierte Mediendatei benannt wird.
• Ziel: Eine Vorlage für die Erstellung einer Ausgabemediendatei, die eine Voreinstellung,
einen Zielort und einen Ausgabedateinamen umfasst.
• Auftrag: Sobald Sie der Ausgangsmediendatei mindestens ein Ziel zuweisen, wird sie
zu einem Auftrag, der umcodiert werden kann.
• Stapel: Ein Stapel besteht aus einem oder mehreren Aufträgen, die gleichzeitig
verarbeitet werden. Alle Aufträge, die im Stapel enthalten sind, werden gemeinsam
gesendet, wenn Sie auf die Taste „Senden“ klicken.
36 Kapitel 3 Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren• Ausgabedatei: Die umcodierten Mediendateien, die erstellt werden, nachdem der Stapel
gesendet und verarbeitet ist, werden als Ausgabedateien bezeichnet. Eine Ausgabedatei
ist das Ergebnis einer erfolgreichen Umcodierung einer Ausgangsmediendatei (die eine
Voreinstellung und einen Zielort enthält). Sie können jeweils so viele Ausgabedateien
erstellen, wie unterschiedliche Voreinstellungen auf die verschiedenen Ausgangsmedien
im Stapel angewendet sind.
Vorbereiten von Compressor zur Umcodierung mit eigenen
Voreinstellungen
Compressor enthält zahlreiche vorkonfigurierte Einstellungen, mit denen Sie unmittelbar
mit dem Umcodieren beginnen können. Wenn Sie Ihre Ausgangsmediendateien sofort
umcodieren wollen, ohne eigene Voreinstellungen zu erzeugen, können Sie die Schritte
unter Compressor-Arbeitsablauf im Überblick: Verwenden von Stapelvorlagen ausführen.
Wenn zu Ihrem Arbeitsablauf keine passende Stapelvorlage vorhanden ist und Sie sofort
mit der Umcodierung beginnen wollen, können Sie auch die Schritte unter
Compressor-Arbeitsablauf im Überblick: Manuelles Verfahren befolgen.
Wenn Sie jedoch Ihre eigenen Voreinstellungen und Zielorte erstellen wollen und weitere
Attribute (wie Einstellungen für Filter, Beschneiden, Ändern der Bildgröße und Aktionen)
anpassen möchten, folgen Sie bitte den weiter unten beschriebenen Schritten. Wenn die
eigenen Voreinstellungen, die Sie hier erstellen, allen Aspekten Ihrer
Umcodierungsanforderungen Rechnung tragen, müssen Sie die folgenden Anleitungen
nicht erneut ausführen. Wenn Sie jedoch für jedes Umcodierungsprojekt neue
Voreinstellungen oder Zielorte erstellen müssen, müssen auch die folgenden Schritte
jedes Mal wiederholt werden.
Schritt 1: Erstellen einer Voreinstellung
Falls Sie nicht eine der vorhandenen und mit Compressor gelieferten Voreinstellungen
oder Stapelvorlagen verwenden, müssen Sie Ihre eigenen Voreinstellungen erstellen.
Hierzu verwenden Sie den Bereich „Voreinstellungen“. Wählen Sie zunächst ein
Ausgabeformat aus dem Einblendmenü „Dateiformat“ aus, das geöffnet wird, wenn Sie
im Bereich „Voreinstellungen“ auf die Taste „Hinzufügen“ (+) klicken. Weitere Informationen
hierzu finden Sie unter Wählen eines Ausgabeformats. Zusätzlich haben Sie die Möglichkeit,
Filter, Geometrieeinstellungen und Aktionen für die Nachbearbeitung der umcodierten
Dateien hinzuzufügen. Anschließend können Sie die Voreinstellung in einer Vorschau
ansehen, um sicherzustellen, dass sie Ihren Vorstellungen entspricht. Weitere Informationen
hierzu finden Sie unter Erstellen einer eigenen Voreinstellung.
Sie können Ihren Arbeitsablauf auch optimieren, indem Sie Ihre Voreinstellungen in
Gruppen zusammenfassen. Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Erstellen von
Gruppen mit Voreinstellungen.
Kapitel 3 Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren 37Nachdem Sie eine Voreinstellung erstellt haben, können Sie diese mithilfe von Filtern
(zum Optimieren der Bildqualität oder zum Hinzufügen von Effekten wie Letterbox), einer
Änderung der Pixelgröße (Geometriewerte) und Nachbearbeitungsoptionen für die
umcodierten Dateien weiter anpassen. All diese zusätzlichen Anpassungen werden im
Fenster „Informationen“ vorgenommen. Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie in den
Kapiteln Hinzufügen von Filtern zu einer Voreinstellung, Arbeiten mit Bildsteuerungen,
Hinzufügen von Geometrieeinstellungen und Hinzufügen von Aktionen.
Schritt 2: Anzeigen einer Vorschau Ihrer Voreinstellung
Wenn Sie sich eine Vorschau Ihrer Voreinstellung ansehen, bevor Sie den Stapel senden,
können Sie unter Umständen viel Zeit sparen. Verwenden Sie dazu das Fenster „Vorschau“.
Auf diese Weise können Sie sicherstellen, dass die Qualität der Ausgabedatei Ihren
Vorstellungen entspricht. Das Fenster „Vorschau“ ist in zwei Hälften geteilt: in der einen
Hälfte wird der Originalinhalt Ihrer Ausgangsmediendatei angezeigt, in der anderen Hälfte
der Inhalt Ihrer Ausgabedatei.
Im Fenster „Vorschau“ können Sie folgende Aufgaben ausführen:
• Wiedergabe der Mediendatei
• Anzeige einer dynamischen Vorschau der Effekte (in Echtzeit)
• Ändern der Effekte von Filtern und Geometrieeinstellungen Ihrer Voreinstellung
• Vergleichen von Ausgangs- oder Ausgabeversionen
• Beschneiden der Bildgröße für die Ausgabedatei
• Ändern des Seitenverhältnisses
• Hinzufügen verschiedener Marker (Kompressions-, Kapitel- oder Podcast-Marker)
Hinweis: Für die Einstellungen im Bereich „Bildsteuerungen“ kann im Fenster „Vorschau“
keine Vorschau angezeigt werden. Führen Sie erst eine probeweise Umcodierung eines
kleinen Ausschnitts Ihrer Ausgangsmediendatei durch, um eine Vorschau der Einstellungen
für die Bildsteuerungen anzuzeigen. (Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter
Umcodieren eines Clipausschnitts im Fenster „Vorschau“.)
Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter Anzeigen einer Voreinstellung in der Vorschau
und Verwenden des Fensters „Vorschau“.
Schritt 3: Erstellen eines Zielorts
Standardmäßig wird Ihre umcodierte Datei im selben Ordner gesichert wie Ihre
Ausgangsmediendatei (“Original“). Wenn Sie jedoch Ihre umcodierten Dateien an einem
anderen Ort speichern möchten, können Sie im Bereich „Zielorte“ einen neuen Zielort
erstellen. In diesem Bereich können Sie als Zielort jeden Ordner, jedes Volume oder jeden
entfernten Server wählen, auf das bzw. den Sie Zugriff haben. Außerdem können Sie
nützliche Dateikennungen für Ihre umcodierte Ausgabedatei hinzufügen. Wenn Sie alle
erforderlichen Zielorte erstellt haben, müssen Sie den Bereich „Zielorte“ nicht mehr öffnen.
38 Kapitel 3 Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf beim UmcodierenWeitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Erstellen und Ändern von Zielorten.
Wählen eines Ausgabeformats
Bevor Sie eine Ausgangsmediendatei in ein anderes Ausgabeformat komprimieren,
müssen Sie die relevante Wiedergabeplattform (Geräte von Apple, DVD, Web, CD oder
Kiosksystem) auswählen. Wenn Sie sich für eine Plattform entschieden haben, können
Sie das geeignete Ausgabeformat für diese Plattform wählen.
Unabhängig vom Format Ihres digitalen Videomaterials in der Ausgangsmediendatei
können Sie die Datei mithilfe eines der vielen Codierer umcodieren, die zum Lieferumfang
von Compressor gehören. Die folgenden Standardformate werden unterstützt und
verfügen jeweils über eigene Attribute:
• AIFF: Vorgesehen für Audio (einschließlich DVD- oder CD-Authoring) mit angepassten
Einstellungen. Weitere Einzelheiten zum Format AIFF finden Sie unter Erstellen von
AIFF-Dateien.
• Allgemeine Audioformate: Vorgesehen für den einfachen Zugriff auf die meisten
gängigen Audioformate wie AIFF, Apple CAF-Dateien und WAVE. Weitere Informationen
finden Sie unter Erstellen von Dateien für gängige Audioformate.
• DV-Stream: Ein für SD-Projekte häufig verwendetes Format. Weitere Informationen
hierzu finden Sie unter Erstellen von Ausgabedateien im Format „DV-Stream“.
• Dolby Digital Professional: Auch bekannt als AC-3. Normalerweise für das DVD-Authoring
vorgesehen. Weitere Einzelheiten zum Format AC-3 finden Sie unter Erstellen von
Ausgabedateien im Format „Dolby Digital Professional“.
• Film exportieren: Vorgesehen für das Bereitstellen von Filmmaterial (nur für Final Cut
Pro und Motion). Verwenden Sie „QuickTime-Film“ zum Exportieren eines Films.
• H.264 für Apple-Geräte: Vorgesehen für das Erstellen von Videodateien, die für die
Wiedergabe mit iTunes, iPhone, iPad, iPod und Apple TV geeignet sind. Weitere
Informationen zum Format H.264 für Apple-Geräte finden Sie unter Erstellen von
Ausgabedateien im Format „H.264 für Apple-Geräte“.
• H.264 für Blu-ray: Vorgesehen für die Erstellung von H.264-Voreinstellungen, die speziell
für Blu-ray-Discs konfiguriert sind. Weitere Informationen zum Format H.264 für
Blu-ray-Discs finden Sie unter Erstellen von Ausgabedaten im Format „H.264 für Blu-ray“.
• Bildsequenz: Kompatibel mit zahlreichen Compositing- und
Bildverarbeitungsprogrammen. Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Erstellen
von Bildsequenzdateien.
• MP3: Vorgesehen für die Komprimierung von Audiomaterial. Das MP3-Format erzeugt
Audiodateien, die mit einer breiten Palette von Wiedergabegeräten kompatibel sind.
Weitere Einzelheiten zum Format MP3 finden Sie unter Erstellen von
MP3-Ausgabedateien.
Kapitel 3 Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren 39• MPEG-1: Vorgesehen für das Internet, CD-ROMs und DVD-spezifische
Verwendungszwecke. Weitere Einzelheiten zum Format MPEG-1 finden Sie unter
Erstellen von MPEG-1-Ausgabedateien.
• MPEG-2: Vorgesehen für die Verwendung mit DVDs im SD- und HD-Format. Weitere
Einzelheiten zum Format MPEG-2 finden Sie unter Erstellen von MPEG-2-Ausgabedateien.
• MPEG-4, Part-2: Vorgesehen für zahlreiche Verwendungszwecke, beispielsweise im Web
oder für drahtlose Geräte. Weitere Einzelheiten zum Format MPEG-4 finden Sie unter
Erstellen von MPEG-4-Ausgabedateien.
• QuickTime-Export-Komponenten: Compressor nutzt die Komponenten-Plug-In-Architektur
von QuickTime und unterstützt so die Ausgabe in zahlreiche zusätzliche Codec-Optionen
und Formate von Drittanbietern wie Windows Media, RealPlayer, 3G und AVI. Die Option
„QuickTime-Export-Komponenten“ ermöglicht Ihnen die Steuerung der
Drittanbieter-Codierungs-Engine, ohne dass ein anderes Programm geöffnet werden
muss. Weitere Informationen zu QuickTime-Export-Komponenten finden Sie unter
Erstellen von Ausgabedateien mit dem QuickTime-Export-Komponenten-Codierer.
• QuickTime-Film: Vorgesehen für die Verwendung mit QuickTime in einer Vielzahl von
Wiedergabe-Umgebungen. Da QuickTime eine Multimedia-Technologie ist, die
plattformübergreifend arbeitet, können Sie damit sowohl mit Mac OS- als auch mit
Windows-basierten Programmen Video- und Audiomaterial sowie Dateien mit
Standbildern aufnehmen und abspielen. Weitere Einzelheiten zum Format QuickTime
finden Sie unter Erstellen von QuickTime-Ausgabedateien.
Erstellen eines Compressor-Stapels
In diesem Abschnitt werden die Schritte zum manuellen Erstellen und Senden eines
vollständigen Compressor-Stapels beschrieben. Informationen zu einer schnelleren und
einfachen Methode, für die allerdings einige Einschränkungen gelten, finden Sie unter
Compressor-Arbeitsablauf im Überblick: Verwenden von Stapelvorlagen.
Sobald Ihnen die notwendigen Voreinstellungen und Zielorte zur Verfügung stehen,
können Sie damit beginnen, den Stapel zu erstellen, der umcodiert werden soll. Ein Stapel
enthält mindestens einen Auftrag. Ein Auftrag besteht aus einer Ausgangsmediendatei
mit mindestens einem Ziel, das wiederum die Voreinstellungen und Zielorte enthält.
Sie können einen Stapel erst zum Umcodieren senden, nachdem Sie jedem Auftrag (jeder
Ausgangsmediendatei) im Stapel mindestens ein Ziel (Voreinstellung und Zielort)
zugewiesen haben. Alle Aufträge, die sich im Stapel befinden, werden gemeinsam
gesendet. Stellen Sie sich Stapel als Dokumente vor, die gesichert, geschlossen und erneut
geöffnet werden können. Ähnlich wie bei den Projekten in Final Cut Pro befindet sich
jeder Compressor-Stapel in einem eigenen Bereich, der beliebig platziert werden kann.
40 Kapitel 3 Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf beim UmcodierenSchritt 1: Importieren einer Ausgangsmediendatei in Compressor
Zum Importieren von Ausgangsmediendateien in einen Stapel verwenden Sie entweder
das Dialogfenster für die Dateiauswahl oder Sie bewegen die Dateien aus dem Finder in
das Fenster „Stapel“ in Compressor. Sie können Ausgangsmedien von jedem Ordner aus
importieren, auf den Sie Zugriff haben.
Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Importieren von Ausgangsmedien.
Schritt 2: Zuweisen einer Voreinstellung
Nachdem Sie Ihre Ausgangsmediendatei in das Fenster „Stapel“ importiert haben, müssen
Sie ihr mindestens eine Voreinstellung zuweisen. Dadurch entsteht ein Auftrag. Eine
Ausgangsmediendatei kann erst umcodiert werden, wenn ihr mindestens eine
Voreinstellung zugewiesen ist. Sie können einer Ausgangsmediendatei nur dann eine
Voreinstellung hinzufügen, wenn Sie entweder eine bereits vorhandene Voreinstellung
ausgewählt oder eine neue erstellt haben. Ihrer Voreinstellung muss ein
Ausgabedateiformat zugeordnet sein.
• Wenn Sie eine bereits vorhandene Voreinstellung auswählen: Das Ausgabedateiformat
wurde bereits zugewiesen.
• Wenn Sie eine eigene Voreinstellung erzeugen: Sie müssen ein Ausgabedateiformat aus
dem Einblendmenü „Dateiformat“ wählen, das Sie durch Klicken auf die Taste
„Hinzufügen“ (+) im Bereich „Voreinstellungen“ öffnen.
Sie können eine Voreinstellung in einem Arbeitsschritt mehreren Aufträgen zuweisen.
Wählen Sie hierzu die Aufträge im Fenster „Stapel“ aus und wählen Sie eine Voreinstellung
aus dem Dialogfenster aus, das angezeigt wird, wenn Sie „Ziel“ > „Neues Ziel mit
Voreinstellung“ wählen. Alternativ können Sie bei gedrückter Taste „ctrl“ auf einen der
ausgewählten Aufträge klicken, woraufhin ein Kontextmenü geöffnet wird. Wählen Sie
dort eine Voreinstellung aus dem Untermenü „Neues Ziel mit Voreinstellung“ aus.
Falls Sie eine bevorzugte Voreinstellung haben (ganz gleich, ob sie schon vorhanden war
oder ob Sie sie angepasst haben), können Sie Ihren Arbeitsablauf optimieren, indem Sie
ein eigenständiges Programm erstellen, das als Droplet bezeichnet wird. Ein solches
Droplet enthält mehrere Voreinstellungen und kann zum Senden von Stapeln verwendet
werden, ohne dass das Programm „Compressor“ geöffnet werden muss. Weitere
Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Erstellen eines Droplets im Bereich
„Voreinstellungen“.
Hinweis: Eine weitere Möglichkeit ist das Erstellen von Gruppen mit Voreinstellungen,
wodurch Sie schnell und bequem einer Ausgangsmediendatei mehrere Voreinstellungen
zuweisen können. Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Erstellen von Gruppen
mit Voreinstellungen.
Kapitel 3 Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren 41Schritt 3: Anzeigen der Voreinstellung im Fenster „Vorschau“
Sie können entweder eine Vorschau der Ausgangsmediendatei oder der
Ausgangsmediendatei mitsamt der zugewiesenen Voreinstellung anzeigen. Im Fenster
„Vorschau“ können Sie eine dynamische Vorschau (in Echtzeit) anzeigen und die Effekte
von vorgenommenen Filter- und Geometrie-Anpassungen ändern. Ferner können Sie die
Mediendatei abspielen, sich Original- oder Ausgabeversionen ansehen, die Bildgröße der
Ausgabedatei beschneiden, das Seitenverhältnis ändern und diverse Marker hinzufügen,
die für die Dateiformate „MPEG-1“, „MPEG-2“ und „H.264 für Apple-Geräte“ von Bedeutung
sind.
Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Anzeigen einer Voreinstellung in der
Vorschau und Anzeigen eines Clips in der Vorschau.
Schritt 4: Zuweisen eines Zielorts
Sie können den Speicherort für Ihre Ausgabemediendateien festlegen, indem Sie jedem
Ziel einen Zielort zuweisen. Der Zielort definiert außerdem diverse Aspekte im Hinblick
darauf, wie die Ausgabemediendatei benannt wird. Der Bereich „Zielorte“ enthält mehrere
von Apple vordefinierte Zielorte, unter denen Sie wählen können. Sie können aber auch
eigene Zielorte festlegen. Sie können einen Zielort auf verschiedene Arten zuweisen:
Entweder Sie bewegen einen Zielort aus dem Bereich „Zielorte“ auf das Ziel eines Auftrags
oder Sie verwenden den Menübefehl „Ziel“ > „Zielort“ oder das Kontextmenü, das geöffnet
wird, wenn Sie bei gedrückter Taste „ctrl“ auf ein Ziel klicken. Darüber hinaus haben Sie
die Möglichkeit, einen Speicherort zu wählen, der nicht als Zielort definiert ist. Wählen
Sie hierzu „Andere“ in den beiden zuvor genannten Menüs.
Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Zuweisen von Zielorten zu
Ausgangsmediendateien.
Schritt 5: Senden des Stapels zum Umcodieren
Sobald Sie alle Aufträge, die im Stapel enthalten sein sollen, erstellt haben und mit den
Voreinstellungen und der Qualität der Ausgabedateien zufrieden sind (nachdem Sie sich
eine Vorschau angesehen haben), können Sie den Stapel senden. Klicken Sie zu diesem
Zweck im Fenster „Stapel“ auf die Taste „Senden“.
Hinweis: Falls Sie einen großen Stapel umcodieren, sollten Sie den Bildschirmschoner
auf Ihrem Computer deaktivieren. Dies erhöht die Geschwindigkeit beim Umcodieren,
weil keine Ressourcen durch den Bildschirmschoner in Anspruch genommen werden.
Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Senden eines Stapels.
42 Kapitel 3 Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf beim UmcodierenAnzeigen des Status beim Umcodieren
Verwenden Sie das Programm „Share-Monitor“ und das Fenster „Verlauf“, um den aktuellen
Status eines gesendeten Stapels und aller darin enthaltenen Aufträge anzuzeigen. Der
Share-Monitor ist ein eigenständiges Programm, das sowohl mit Compressor als auch
mit Droplets arbeiten kann. Dabei spielt es keine Rolle, ob Compressor geöffnet ist und
ob Sie etwas gesendet haben. Weitere Informationen über Droplets finden Sie unter
Erstellen eines Droplets im Bereich „Voreinstellungen“.
Schritt 1: Anzeigen des Status beim Umcodieren des Stapels
Nachdem Sie einen Stapel gesendet haben, können Sie das Fenster „Share-Monitor“
öffnen, um sich den Status beim Umcodieren Ihres Stapels anzusehen. Sie können so
leicht überwachen, wann der Umcodierungsprozess Ihres Stapels abgeschlossen ist und
ob während der Verarbeitung Fehler aufgetreten sind. Sie können in den
Compressor-Einstellungen festlegen, dass das Programm „Share-Monitor“ automatisch
geöffnet wird.
Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Festlegen von Compressor-Einstellungen
und im Share-Monitor-Benutzerhandbuch.
Alternativ können Sie sich das Fenster „Verlauf“ in Compressor ansehen. Neben einem
Fortschrittsbalken finden Sie hier auch Angaben dazu, ob ein gesendeter Stapel erfolgreich
umcodiert wurde (ähnlich wie im Share-Monitor).
Schritt 2: Bestätigen des Abschlusses der Umcodierung
Es ist ratsam, den Zielordner der umcodierten Mediendatei zu öffnen und sicherzustellen,
dass die Umcodierung der Mediendatei erfolgreich war und die Ausgabedatei an diesem
Ort gespeichert worden ist.
Optionale Compressor-Kurzbefehle
Bei der Konzeption von Compressor stand ein möglichst optimaler Arbeitsablauf im
Vordergrund. Abhängig von Ihren Anforderungen gibt es mehrere Möglichkeiten, den
Umcodierungsprozess mit Compressor zu beschleunigen.
Verwenden vorhandener Voreinstellungen
Compressor bietet zahlreiche vordefinierte Voreinstellungen, die eine sofortige
Umcodierung ermöglichen. Wenn diese vorhandenen Voreinstellungen für Ihre
Anforderungen geeignet sind, können Sie sofort mit dem Umcodieren Ihrer
Ausgangsmedien beginnen.
Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Compressor-Arbeitsablauf im Überblick:
Manuelles Verfahren.
Kapitel 3 Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf beim Umcodieren 43Selbst wenn es erforderlich ist, dass Sie angepasste Voreinstellungen erstellen, können
Sie diese in einer Gruppe zusammenfassen, sodass Sie sie leicht auf Ziele anwenden
können. Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Erstellen, Ansehen und Ändern
von Voreinstellungen.
Verwenden von Standardvoreinstellungen und -zielorten
Wenn Sie feststellen, dass Sie immer wieder die gleichen Voreinstellungen und Zielorte
auf Ausgangsmediendateien anwenden, können Sie in den Compressor-Einstellungen
festlegen, dass diese Voreinstellungen und Zielorte automatisch angewendet werden.
Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Festlegen von Compressor-Einstellungen.
Arbeiten mit Droplets
Mit Droplets können Sie schnell und bequem Material umcodieren, ohne dass Compressor
dabei geöffnet sein muss. Sie erstellen ein Droplet, indem Sie eine Voreinstellung oder
eine Gruppe von Voreinstellungen und Zielorten als ausführbares Symbol sichern. Sobald
Sie eine oder mehrere Ausgangsmedien auf dieses Symbol bewegen, startet das Droplet
automatisch den Umcodierungsprozess.
Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Erstellen eines Droplets im Bereich
„Voreinstellungen“.
44 Kapitel 3 Der grundlegende Arbeitsablauf beim UmcodierenDie Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor besteht aus einer Reihe von Fenstern, in denen
Sie einen Großteil der Vorbereitungsarbeiten für die Umcodierung ausführen.
Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden folgende Themen behandelt:
• Compressor-Fenster und der Umcodierungs-Arbeitsablauf (S. 46)
• Erstellen und Verwalten von Fensteranordnungen in Compressor (S. 47)
• Arbeiten mit den Compressor-Fenstern (S. 50)
• Fenster „Stapel“ (S. 54)
• Bereich „Voreinstellungen“ (S. 58)
• Bereich „Zielorte“ (S. 59)
• Fenster „Informationen“ (S. 60)
• Fenster „Verlauf“ (S. 70)
• Fenster „Vorschau“ (S. 71)
• Fenster „Apple Qmaster - Sharing“ (S. 73)
• Share-Monitor (S. 74)
• Droplet-Fenster (S. 75)
• Informationen zum Ändern von Werten und Timecode-Einträgen (S. 75)
• Kurzbefehle (S. 78)
45
Die Benutzeroberfläche von
Compressor 4Compressor-Fenster und der Umcodierungs-Arbeitsablauf
Jedes Compressor-Fenster repräsentiert einen Teil des Umcodierungs-Arbeitsablaufs.
Settings and
Destinations tabs
Batch window
Preview
window
History
window
Inspector window
• Fenster „Stapel“: In diesem Fenster können Sie Ausgangsmedien importieren,
Voreinstellungen und Zielorte hinzufügen und dem Stapel einen Namen geben.
• Bereiche „Voreinstellungen“ und „Zielorte“: Im Bereich „Voreinstellungen“ können Sie an
einem zentralen Ort Apple-Voreinstellungen und angepasste Voreinstellungen verwalten.
Im Bereich „Zielorte“ können Sie Einstellungen für den Zielort erstellen, ändern oder
löschen, einen Standardzielort festlegen und den Dateinamen Ihrer Ausgabemedien
Dateikennungen hinzufügen.
• Fenster „Informationen“: In diesem Fenster können Sie bequem auf allgemeine
Steuerelemente für die Umcodierung und eine detaillierte Zusammenfassung der
Einzelheiten für jede Voreinstellung zugreifen. Sie können das Fenster „Informationen“
auch verwenden, um Informationen über Ausgangsclips zu sammeln und interaktiv im
Fenster „Vorschau“ dynamische Änderungen vorzunehmen.
• Fenster „Vorschau“: In diesem Fenster können Sie Ihre Ausgangsmediendatei im
Originalformat wiedergeben oder diese Datei mit den zugewiesenen Voreinstellungen
in der Vorschau anzeigen. Ferner können Sie die Effekte bestimmter Einstellungen (wie
Filter und Änderungen der Bildgröße) ansehen und Anpassungen an diesen Attributen
vornehmen, während eine Vorschau der Mediendatei in Echtzeit angezeigt wird.
Außerdem haben Sie im Fenster „Vorschau“ die Möglichkeit, verschiedene Arten von
Markern hinzuzufügen und anzusehen.
46 Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor• Fenster „Verlauf“: Im Fenster „Verlauf“ können Sie sich ein vollständiges Protokoll aller
Stapel ansehen, die von Ihrem Computer aus gesendet wurden, einschließlich der
Fortschrittsbalken für Stapel, die gerade umcodiert werden. Außerdem können Sie
jeden im Protokoll aufgelisteten Stapel anhalten oder erneut senden.
• Fenster „Droplet“ (nicht abgebildet): In diesem Fenster können Sie eine oder mehrere
Voreinstellungen oder Gruppen von Voreinstellungen als Droplet sichern. Ein Droplet
ist eine eigenständige Voreinstellung, die in ein per Drag&Drop zu startendes Programm
integriert und als Symbol gesichert wird.
• Share-Monitor (nicht abgebildet): Hier sehen Sie den Status aller Stapel, die verarbeitet
werden. (Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie im Share-Monitor-Benutzerhandbuch.)
Erstellen und Verwalten von Fensteranordnungen in Compressor
Bei der Arbeit mit Compressor werden Sie feststellen, dass sich die Anordnung der diversen
Compressor-Fenster darauf auswirkt, wie komfortabel Sie das Programm nutzen können.
Hierbei spielt auch die jeweils anstehende Codierungsaufgabe, mit der Sie sich befassen,
eine Rolle. Zu Ihrer Unterstützung bietet Compressor darum Funktionen, mit denen Sie
die Anordnung von Fenstern konfigurieren und sichern können. Die Anordnungen
definieren, welche Fenster sichtbar sind, welche Größe und Position diese Fenster haben
und welche Symbole in der Symbolleiste des Fensters „Stapel“ angezeigt werden.
Compressor enthält zwei Anordnungen, die Sie als Grundlage für die Erstellung eigener
Fensteranordnungen verwenden können.
Hinweis: Jede Anordnung ist in mehreren Größen verfügbar, sodass Sie die Größe wählen
können, die am besten für Ihren Monitor geeignet ist. Sie können jede beliebige
Anordnung ändern und dann als eigene, angepasste Anordnung sichern.
Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor 47Standardanordnung
In der Standardanordnung werden alle Compressor-Fenster angezeigt, wobei die Bereiche
„Voreinstellungen“ und „Zielorte“ gemeinsam in einem Fenster angeordnet sind. Diese
Anordnung ist perfekt geeignet für den Fall, dass Sie eine einzelne Ausgangsmediendatei
umcodieren.
Stapelanordnung
Bei der Stapelanordnung liegt der Schwerpunkt auf dem Fenster „Stapel“. Diese Anordnung
ist perfekt geeignet für den Fall, dass Sie mehrere ähnliche Ausgangsmediendateien
umcodieren.
Wählen, Sichern und Verwalten von Anordnungen
In Compressor ist es denkbar einfach, eine Fensteranordnung zu wählen.
48 Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von CompressorAnordnung wählen
µ Wählen Sie „Fenster“ > „Anordnungen“. Wählen Sie anschließend eine Anordnung aus
der angezeigten Liste aus.
Sobald Sie eine Fensteranordnung gewählt haben, passt sich die
Compressor-Benutzeroberfläche entsprechend an.
Sie können auch eigene, angepasste Anordnungen erstellen und sichern.
Anordnung sichern
1 Ordnen Sie die Fenster der Compressor-Benutzeroberfläche so an, wie Sie sie sichern
möchten.
Weitere Informationen zur Arbeit mit den verschiedenen Fenstern finden Sie unter Arbeiten
mit den Compressor-Fenstern.
2 Wählen Sie „Fenster“ > „Anordnung sichern“.
3 Geben Sie im daraufhin angezeigten Dialogfenster einen Namen für die Anordnung ein
und klicken Sie auf „Sichern“.
Die Anordnung wird gesichert und danach im Menü „Fenster“ > „Anordnungen“ angezeigt.
Sie können die Liste mit den Anordnungen verwalten, indem Sie vorhandene Anordnungen
löschen oder umbenennen.
Fensteranordnungen verwalten
1 Wählen Sie „Fenster“ > „Anordnungen verwalten“.
Das Dialogfenster „Fensteranordnungen verwalten“ wird angezeigt.
2 Führen Sie einen der folgenden Schritte aus:
• Anordnung umbenennen: Wählen Sie die Anordnung durch Doppelklicken aus und
geben Sie den neuen Namen ein.
• Anordnung löschen: Wählen Sie die Anordnung aus und klicken Sie auf die Taste
„Löschen“ (–) .
Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor 49• Aktuelle Konfiguration der Benutzeroberfläche als neue Anordnung sichern: Klicken Sie
auf die Taste „Hinzufügen“ (+) und geben Sie einen Namen für die Anordnung ein.
• Anordnung auswählen und auf die aktuelle Compressor-Oberfläche anwenden: Wählen
Sie die Anordnung aus und klicken Sie auf die Taste „Anwenden“.
3 Klicken Sie auf „Fertig“, wenn Sie mit dem Verwalten der Fensteranordnungen fertig sind.
Das Fenster „Fensteranordnung verwalten“ wird geschlossen und die
Compressor-Benutzeroberfläche wird entsprechend der ausgewählten Anordnung
angepasst.
Hinweis: Genau genommen ist die Liste mit den Fensteranordnungen in zwei Abschnitte
unterteilt: Ein Abschnitt enthält die von Apple bereitgestellten Anordnungen, der zweite
diejenigen, die Sie selbst erstellt haben. Die von Apple bereitgestellten Anordnungen
können nicht umbenannt oder gelöscht werden. Die von Ihnen erstellten Anordnungen
werden in alphabetischer Reihenfolge aufgelistet. Denken Sie daran, beim Benennen
Ihrer Anordnungen Namen zu verwenden, die Ihnen ein leichtes Wiederauffinden in der
Liste ermöglichen.
Dateien für die Fensteranordnungen
Wenn Sie mehrere Workstations haben, auf denen Sie Compressor verwenden, ist es für
Sie möglicherweise von Vorteil, auf allen Systemen dieselben Fensteranordnungen zur
Verfügung zu haben.
Dies erreichen Sie, indem Sie die Dateien mit den Anordnungsinformationen von einem
System auf ein anderes kopieren. Achten Sie dabei darauf, die Dateien am richtigen
Speicherort abzulegen. Die Fensteranordnungen werden an folgendem Pfad gespeichert:
Benutzer/Benutzername/Library/Application Support/Compressor/Layouts. Alle Dateien
mit Informationen zur Fensteranordnung haben die Erweiterung „.moduleLayout“.
Wichtig: Anordnungsdateien dürfen nicht manuell hinzugefügt oder gelöscht werden,
während Compressor geöffnet ist. Compressor sucht beim Programmstart an dem
genannten Speicherort nach verfügbaren Anordnungseinstellungen. Sie müssen
Compressor neu starten, bevor die Software etwaige Änderungen, die Sie an diesen
Dateien vorgenommen haben, erkennt.
Arbeiten mit den Compressor-Fenstern
Die Fensteranordnungen für den Standard- und den Stapel-Arbeitsablauf präsentieren
die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor als ein einzelnes großes Element. Tatsächlich
besteht sie jedoch aus einer Reihe von individuellen Fenstern, deren Position und Größe
Sie Ihren Anforderungen entsprechend anpassen können.
50 Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von CompressorVerdeckte Fenster
Die Compressor-Benutzeroberfläche setzt sich aus einzelnen Fenstern zusammen. Wenn
Sie von Compressor zu einem anderen Programm und dann wieder zurück wechseln,
indem Sie auf eines der Compressor-Fenster klicken, kann es vorkommen, dass nur das
entsprechende Fenster eingeblendet wird, während die übrigen von anderen
möglicherweise geöffneten Fenstern verdeckt sind.
Alle Compressor-Fenster im Vordergrund anzeigen
Führen Sie einen der folgenden Schritte aus:
µ Nutzen Sie beim Wechseln zwischen Programmen die integrierte
Programmumschaltfunktion von Mac OS X. Drücken Sie die Tastenkombination
„Befehl-Tabulator“, um ein Dialogfenster für die Programmauswahl anzuzeigen. Halten
Sie die Befehlstaste gedrückt und wechseln Sie durch wiederholtes Drücken der
Tabulatortaste zwischen den gerade geöffneten Programmen, bis das Compressor-Symbol
ausgewählt ist. Lassen Sie dann die Befehlstaste los. Auf diese Weise stellen Sie sicher,
dass alle Compressor-Fenster angezeigt werden.
µ Wählen Sie „Fenster“ > „Alle nach vorne bringen“.
µ Klicken Sie auf das Compressor-Programmsymbol im Dock.
Hinweis: Mit der Compressor-Symbolleiste, die sich am oberen Rand des Fensters „Stapel“
befindet, ist es denkbar einfach, zu den wichtigsten Compressor-Fenstern und zum
Share-Monitor zu navigieren.
Ändern der Größe von Compressor-Fenstern
Mit Ausnahme des Fensters „Informationen“, dem eine feste Größe zugewiesen ist, können
Sie die Größe aller Compressor-Fenster ändern.
Jedes Fenster hat eine horizontale sowie eine vertikale Mindestgröße, die bestimmt, wie
stark Sie ein Fenster verkleinern können.
Größe eines Fensters ändern
µ Bewegen Sie die rechte untere Ecke des Fensters, um es horizontal oder vertikal zu
vergrößern bzw. zu verkleinern.
Drag this corner to resize
the window.
Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor 51Hinweis: Wenn Sie die Position oder die Größe eines Fensters ändern, rastet das Fenster
an einem benachbarten Fenster ein, sobald Sie es in die Nähe des anderen Fensters
bewegen. Dies erleichtert Ihnen eine übersichtliche Anordnung der Fenster, ohne dass
Lücken entstehen oder sich Fenster überlappen.
Bereiche
Das Fenster „Stapel“ und die Fenster „Voreinstellungen“ und „Zielorte“ können mehrere
Titel (Bereiche) beinhalten.
• Das Fenster „Stapel“: Wenn Sie mit einem großen Bildschirm arbeiten und mehrere
Stapel geöffnet haben, möchten Sie vielleicht jeden Stapel in einem eigenen Fenster
anzeigen.
• Die Bereiche „Voreinstellungen“ und „Zielorte“: Standardmäßig befinden sich der Bereich
„Voreinstellungen“ und der Bereich „Zielorte“ im selben Fenster. Wenn Sie möchten,
können Sie jeden der beiden Bereiche in einem eigenen Fenster anzeigen oder einen
der Bereiche schließen. Sie haben sogar die Möglichkeit, dem Fenster andere Fenster
als zusätzliche Titel hinzuzufügen (dies gilt für alle Fenster mit Ausnahme des Fensters
„Stapel“).
In beiden Fällen können Sie die Reihenfolge, in der die Titel angeordnet sind, ändern.
Titel (bzw. Bereich) per Drag&Drop in ein eigenes Fenster bewegen
1 Bewegen Sie den Titel aus seiner aktuellen Position heraus.
52 Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor2 Lassen Sie die Maustaste los, damit der Bereich in einem eigenen Fenster angezeigt wird.
Titel mithilfe des Kontextmenüs in ein eigenes Fenster bewegen
µ Klicken Sie bei gedrückter Taste „ctrl“ auf den Titel und wählen Sie „Titel freistellen“ aus
dem Kontextmenü aus.
Der Titel bzw. Bereich wird in einem eigenen Fenster geöffnet.
Titel per Drag&Drop von einem Fenster in ein anderes bewegen
1 Bewegen Sie den Titel in den Titelbereich des Fensters, dem er hinzugefügt werden soll.
Der Fensterabschnitt, in dem die Titel angezeigt werden, wird optisch hervorgehoben.
Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor 532 Lassen Sie die Maustaste los.
Daraufhin rastet der Titel im Bereich mit den Titeln ein und das Fenster, in dem er
ursprünglich angezeigt wurde, wird geschlossen.
Titel mithilfe des Kontextmenüs von einem Fenster in ein anderes bewegen
µ Klicken Sie bei gedrückter Taste „ctrl“ auf die Stelle des Titelbereichs, an der das Fenster
erscheinen soll. Wählen Sie anschließend den Titel aus der im Kontextmenü angezeigten
Liste aus.
Hinweis: Dies ist die einzige Methode, die es Ihnen ermöglicht, dem Fenster die Titel
„Verlauf“, „Vorschau“ oder „Informationen“ hinzuzufügen.
Reihenfolge der Titel in ihrem aktuellen Fenster ändern
µ Bewegen Sie den Titel nach links oder rechts an seine neue Position.
Die anderen Titel werden entsprechend verschoben, um Platz zu schaffen.
Nachdem Sie die Compressor-Benutzeroberfläche Ihren Wünschen entsprechend
konfiguriert haben, können Sie die Einstellungen als Anordnung sichern. Auf diese Weise
können Sie die Anordnung leicht wiederherstellen oder zwischen dieser Anordnung und
anderen wechseln. Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Erstellen und Verwalten
von Fensteranordnungen in Compressor.
Fenster „Stapel“
Beim ersten Öffnen von Compressor wird das Fenster „Stapel“ angezeigt. Im Fenster
„Stapel“ können Sie Ausgangsmedien für die Komprimierung importieren, Voreinstellungen
und Zielorte hinzufügen, dem Stapel einen Namen geben und wählen, wo er gesichert
werden soll. Das Fenster „Stapel“ ist der Ort, an dem Sie alle Ausgangsmedien platzieren,
während Sie deren Umcodierung vorbereiten.
Hinweis: Grundsätzlich wird das Fenster „Stapel“ immer angezeigt. Wenn Sie es schließen,
wird es erneut geöffnet, sobald Sie einen neuen Stapel erstellen (“Ablage“ > „Neuer
Stapel“) oder einen vorhandenen Stapel öffnen (“Ablage“ > „Öffnen“).
54 Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von CompressorVerwenden Sie die Compressor-Menüleiste oder die Symbolleiste oben im Fenster „Stapel“,
um alle anderen Fenster zu öffnen. (Möglicherweise wird die Symbolleiste nicht angezeigt,
wenn Sie Compressor öffnen. Klicken Sie in diesem Fall auf die Taste in der rechten oberen
Ecke des Fensters „Stapel“, um die Symbolleiste einzublenden.)
Job area
Toolbar
Batch tabs
Batch status
Show/hide
toolbar button
Batch submission button Neben der Compressor-Symbolleiste und der Taste „Senden“ enthält das Fenster „Stapel“
die Bereiche für die geöffneten Stapel und einen Bereich, in dem die Aufträge eines
Stapels angezeigt und konfiguriert werden können. Weitere Informationen zum Hinzufügen
von Ausgangsmediendateien zu einem Stapel finden Sie unter Erstellen von Aufträgen
durch Hinzufügen von Ausgangsmedien zu einem Stapel. Weitere Informationen zur
Arbeit mit Aufträgen und Zielen finden Sie unter Fertigstellen von Aufträgen und Senden
von Stapeln.
Anpassen der Symbolleiste
Das Fenster „Stapel“ enthält eine Symbolleiste, die Sie Ihren Anforderungen entsprechend
anpassen können.
Hinweis: Möglicherweise wird die Symbolleiste nicht angezeigt, wenn Sie das Programm
„Compressor“ öffnen. Klicken Sie in diesem Fall auf die Taste in der rechten oberen Ecke
des Fensters „Stapel“, um die Symbolleiste einzublenden.
Symbolleiste im Fenster „Stapel“ anpassen
1 Führen Sie einen der folgenden Schritte aus, um die Palette zum Anpassen der
Symbolleiste zu öffnen:
• Wählen Sie „Darstellung“ > „Symbolleiste anpassen“.
• Klicken Sie bei gedrückter Taste „ctrl“ auf die Symbolleiste und wählen Sie „Symbolleiste
anpassen“ aus dem Kontextmenü aus.
• Klicken Sie in der Symbolleiste auf das Symbol „Anpassen“ (falls vorhanden).
Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor 55Die Palette mit den verfügbaren Werkzeugen wird geöffnet.
2 Führen Sie beliebige der folgenden Schritte aus, um die Symbolleiste anzupassen:
• Objekte aus der Symbolleiste entfernen: Bewegen Sie die Objekte aus der Leiste heraus.
• Objekte zur Symbolleiste hinzufügen: Bewegen Sie die Objekte aus der Palette der
verfügbaren Werkzeuge an die gewünschte Position in der Symbolleiste.
• Objekte in der Symbolleiste neu anordnen: Bewegen Sie die Objekte von ihrer aktuellen
Position zur gewünschten neuen Position.
• Standardkonfiguration der Symbolleiste wiederherstellen: Bewegen Sie den Standardsatz
(am unteren Rand der Palette) in die Symbolleiste.
• Anzeige von Objekten in der Symbolleiste konfigurieren: Wählen Sie eine Option aus dem
Einblendmenü „Zeigen“ aus.
Sie können wählen, ob Symbol und Text, nur das Symbol oder nur der Text angezeigt
werden soll.
3 Klicken Sie auf „Fertig“, wenn Sie fertig sind.
Hinweis: Die Symbolleistenkonfiguration wird als Teil der Fensteranordnung gesichert.
Weitere Informationen zu Anordnungen finden Sie unter Erstellen und Verwalten von
Fensteranordnungen in Compressor.
56 Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von CompressorSie können der Symbolleiste mehr Objekte hinzufügen, als vom Platz her angezeigt
werden können. In diesem Fall wird am rechten Rand der Symbolleiste ein Doppelpfeil
angezeigt. Durch Klicken auf diesen Pfeil können Sie eine Liste mit den Symbolen
einblenden, die nicht in die Symbolleiste passen.
Click these arrows
to see items that did
not fit in the toolbar.
Die Objekte der Symbolleiste
Die meisten Objekte, die Sie der Symbolleiste hinzufügen können, können nur einmal
hinzugefügt werden. Es gibt jedoch einige, die mehrfach hinzugefügt werden können,
wie z. B. die Trennlinie, der Zwischenraum und der flexible Zwischenraum.
• Neuer Stapel: Erstellt einen neuen Stapel ohne Titel.
• Stapel öffnen: Öffnet ein Dialogfenster, mit dessen Hilfe Sie einen gesicherten Stapel
finden und auswählen können, um ihn zu öffnen.
• Schließen: Schließt den aktuell ausgewählten Stapel.
Hinweis: Ein Stapel lässt sich nicht schließen, wenn es sich dabei um den einzigen
geöffneten Stapel handelt.
• Datei hinzufügen: Öffnet ein Dialogfenster, mit dessen Hilfe Sie eine
Ausgangsmediendatei oder mehrere Dateien finden und auswählen können, um sie
in den aktuellen Stapel zu importieren.
• Surround Sound hinzufügen: Öffnet das Dialogfenster für die Audiodateizuweisung, in
dem Sie jedem Audiokanal in einer Surround-Sound-Konfiguration manuell Dateien
zuweisen können.
• Bildsequenz hinzufügen: Öffnet ein Dialogfenster, in dem Sie den Ordner mit den
Ausgangsmedien für die Bildsequenzdateien suchen und auswählen können.
• Mit vorherigen Einstellungen senden: Sendet den Stapel unter Verwendung der
Einstellungen, die beim Senden vorheriger Stapel verwendet wurden. In diesem Fall
wird das Dialogfenster zum Senden übersprungen.
• Verlauf: Öffnet das Fenster „Verlauf“.
• Informationen: Öffnet das Fenster „Informationen“.
• Voreinstellungen: Öffnet den Bereich „Voreinstellungen“.
Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor 57• Zielorte: Öffnet den Bereich „Zielorte“.
• Vorschau: Öffnet das Fenster „Vorschau“.
• Share-Monitor: Startet das Programm „Share-Monitor“.
• Droplet erstellen: Öffnet ein Dialogfenster zum Auswählen von Einstellungen für das
Droplet.
• Trennlinie: Fügt der Symbolleiste eine senkrechte Linie hinzu, die Sie zum Gruppieren
von Objekten verwenden können.
• Zwischenraum: Fügt der Symbolleiste einen Zwischenraum mit fester Breite hinzu.
• Flexibler Zwischenraum: Fügt der Symbolleiste einen Zwischenraum mit flexibler Breite
hinzu. Mithilfe des Zwischenraums können Sie Objekte an den linken und rechten Rand
der Symbolleiste verschieben. Dabei dehnt sich der Zwischenraum aus, um ungenutzte
Bereiche gleichmäßig zu füllen.
• Anpassen: Öffnet die Palette zum Anpassen der Symbolleiste.
Bereich „Voreinstellungen“
Im Bereich „Voreinstellungen“ können Sie an einem zentralen Ort Apple-Voreinstellungen
und angepasste Voreinstellungen verwalten. In den Bereichen „Voreinstellungen“ und
„Informationen“ erstellen und ändern Sie Voreinstellungen und entscheiden, welche
Voreinstellungen für das Umcodieren Ihrer Ausgangsmediendatei verwendet werden
sollen und in welches Ausgabeformat die umcodierte Datei konvertiert werden soll.
Bereich „Voreinstellungen“ öffnen
Führen Sie einen der folgenden Schritte aus:
µ Wählen Sie „Fenster“ > „Voreinstellungen“ (oder drücken Sie die Tastenkombination
„Befehl-3“).
µ Klicken Sie auf das Symbol „Voreinstellungen“ in der Symbolleiste des Fensters „Stapel“
(falls vorhanden).
µ Klicken Sie auf den Titel „Voreinstellungen“ (falls vorhanden).
58 Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von CompressorDer Bereich „Voreinstellungen“ enthält eine Liste der vorhandenen Voreinstellungen
sowie Tasten zum Hinzufügen, Löschen und Duplizieren einer Voreinstellung und zum
Erstellen von Gruppen und Droplets.
Weitere Informationen zum Erstellen, Verwalten und Auswählen von Voreinstellungen
im Bereich „Voreinstellungen“ finden Sie unter Erstellen, Ansehen und Ändern von
Voreinstellungen.
Bereich „Zielorte“
Im Bereich „Zielorte“ können Sie Einstellungen für den Zielort erstellen, ändern oder
löschen, einen Standardzielort festlegen und den Dateinamen Ihrer Ausgabemedien
Dateikennungen hinzufügen.
Bereich „Zielorte“ öffnen
Führen Sie einen der folgenden Schritte aus:
µ Wählen Sie „Fenster“ > „Zielorte“ (oder drücken Sie die Tastenkombination „Befehl-4“).
µ Klicken Sie auf das Symbol „Zielorte“ in der Symbolleiste des Fensters „Stapel“ (falls
vorhanden).
Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor 59µ Klicken Sie auf den Titel „Zielorte“ (falls vorhanden).
Weitere Informationen zum Konfigurieren von Zielorten zur Vereinfachung des
Compressor-Arbeitsablaufs finden Sie unter Erstellen und Ändern von Zielorten
Fenster „Informationen“
Das Fenster „Informationen“ bietet einfachen Zugriff auf häufig verwendete
Steuerelemente für den Codierungsprozess (zum Erstellen und Ändern von
Voreinstellungen und Zielorten), eine Übersicht mit allen Details zu jeder Voreinstellung
sowie Informationen zu den Ausgangsmediendateien, u. a. A/V-Attribute, Daten zu
erweiterten Untertiteln, Anmerkungen und Aktionen für Aufträge.
Fenster „Informationen“ öffnen
Führen Sie einen der folgenden Schritte aus:
µ Wählen Sie „Fenster“ > „Informationen einblenden“.
µ Klicken Sie auf das Symbol „Informationen“ in der Symbolleiste des Fensters „Stapel“.
Hinweis: Im Gegensatz zu den anderen Compressor-Fenstern kann die Größe des Fensters
„Informationen“ nicht geändert werden.
60 Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von CompressorAutomatische Einstellungen
Für viele Einstellungen steht ein optionaler automatischer Modus zur Verfügung. Wenn
der automatische Modus aktiviert ist, bestimmt Compressor den optimalen Wert für die
Einstellung.
The Automatic button is
dark when active, and its
item is dimmed.
The Automatic button is
dimmed when inactive,
and its item is selectable.
Generell gilt: Wenn der automatische Modus aktiviert ist, wird die Option im Einblendmenü
grau dargestellt und kann nicht geändert werden.
• Wurde eine Voreinstellung noch keiner Ausgangsmediendatei zugewiesen: Im Einblendmenü
für die betreffende Einstellung wird „Automatisch“ angezeigt. Eine Ausnahme bildet
der Bereich „Bildsteuerungen“ im Fenster „Informationen“, der so lange den Status
„unbestimmt“ hat, bis die Voreinstellung auf eine Ausgangsmediendatei angewendet
wurde.
• Wurde die Voreinstellung einer Ausgangsmediendatei zugewiesen: Die Option wird
weiterhin grau dargestellt, zeigt aber den Wert an, der verwendet wird.
Wenn der automatische Modus nicht aktiviert ist, wird die zugehörige Taste grau
dargestellt und Sie können wie gewohnt Werte aus den Einblendmenüs auswählen.
Sie können durch Klicken auf die Taste „Automatisch“ zwischen aktiviertem (Taste wird
dunkel) und deaktiviertem Modus (Taste wird heller) wechseln.
Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor 61Tipp: Es empfiehlt sich, die Werte im Fenster „Informationen“ für diejenigen Einstellungen
zu prüfen, für die der automatische Modus aktiviert ist. Im Normalfall ist Compressor in
der Lage, die Werte korrekt festzulegen. Es kann jedoch vorkommen, dass nicht genügend
Informationen in der Ausgangsmediendatei vorliegen, um den richtigen Wert zu
bestimmen. So kann beispielsweise der Fall eintreten, dass für einige QuickTime-Clips
keine zugehörigen Metadaten vorliegen oder dass die Metadaten nicht korrekt sind.
Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, dass eine Ausgangsmediendatei keine standardmäßigen
Einstellungen verwendet (z. B. Videobildgröße oder Bildrate). In diesen Fällen wählt
Compressor den am ehesten zutreffenden Standardwert aus.
Ausgangsmediendateien und das Fenster „Informationen“
Wenn Sie einen Auftrag im Fenster „Stapel“ auswählen, zeigt das Fenster „Informationen“
Ihnen Informationen über die Ausgangsmediendatei des Auftrags und ermöglicht das
Hinzufügen von Anmerkungen, Dateien mit erweiterten Untertiteln und Aktionen für
Aufträge (Auftragseigenschaften).
Das Fenster „Informationen“ enthält drei Bereiche: “A/V-Attribute“, „Zusätzliche Infos“
und „Auftragseigenschaft“.
Bereich „A/V-Attribute“
Der Bereich „A/V-Attribute“ umfasst allgemeine Informationen über die
Ausgangsmediendatei und ist in drei Abschnitte unterteilt.
• Dateiinformationen: In diesem Abschnitt werden der Dateiname, der Speicherort und
der Dateityp angezeigt.
• Videoinformationen: In diesem Abschnitt werden gegebenenfalls alle videospezifischen
Angaben zur Datei angezeigt. Hierzu gehören Bildgröße, Bildrate und
Timecode-Informationen.
62 Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor• Audioinformationen: In diesem Abschnitt werden gegebenenfalls alle audiospezifischen
Angaben zur Datei angezeigt. Hierzu gehören Sample-Größe und Abtastrate.
Bereich „Zusätzliche Infos“
Im Bereich „Zusätzliche Infos“ können Sie verschiedene Metadatenobjekte ansehen und
ändern, die möglicherweise in anderen Programmen wie Final Cut Pro oder QuickTime
hinzugefügt wurden. Hier können Sie der Ausgabemediendatei auch Metadatenobjekte
hinzufügen Außerdem können Sie der Datei eine Datei mit Untertiteln (erweiterte
Untertitel) zuordnen.
Weitere Informationen zum Verwalten von Dateien mit erweiterten Untertiteln und
Anmerkungen finden Sie unter Bereich „Zusätzliche Infos“.
• Feld „Erweiterte-Untertitel“: Zeigt den Namen der Datei mit erweiterten Untertiteln an,
die derzeit der Ausgangsmediendatei zugewiesen ist.
• Taste „Auswählen“: Mit dieser Taste öffnen Sie ein Dialogfenster zur Auswahl der Datei
mit erweiterten Untertiteln, die Sie der Ausgangsmediendatei zuweisen wollen.
• Taste „Löschen“: Verwenden Sie diese Taste, um die zugehörige Datei mit erweiterten
Untertiteln zu löschen.
• Tabelle „Anmerkungen“: Hier werden die aktuellen Anmerkungstypen und ihr
Anmerkungstext angezeigt.
• Einblendmenü „Anmerkung hinzufügen“: Aus diesem Einblendmenü wählen Sie den Typ
der Anmerkung aus, die Sie der Ausgangsmediendatei hinzufügen wollen.
• Taste „Entfernen“: Mit dieser Taste können Sie die ausgewählte Anmerkung entfernen.
Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor 63Bereich „Auftragseigenschaft“
Der Bereich „Auftragseigenschaft“ erlaubt das Anwenden und Anpassen von Aktionen,
die nach der Umcodierung auf komplette Aufträge angewendet werden können. Weitere
Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Hinzufügen von Aktionen.
• Einblendmenü „Wenn Auftrag abgeschlossen“: Mit diesem Einblendmenü können Sie
nach einer Umcodierung eine Aktion für einen im Fenster „Stapel“ gewählten Auftrag
auswählen und darauf anwenden.
Bereiche mit Einstellungen
Wenn Sie im Bereich „Voreinstellungen“ eine Voreinstellung oder im Auftrag eines Stapels
ein Ziel auswählen, wird im Fenster „Informationen“ einer von sechs Bereichen angezeigt.
64 Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von CompressorBereich „Übersicht“
Der Bereich „Übersicht“ enthält eine Übersicht, in der alle Einstellungen beschrieben sind
(Video- und Audioeinstellungen, Geometrie- und Filtereinstellungen), die der
Voreinstellung zugeordnet sind, die im Bereich „Voreinstellungen“ ausgewählt ist. Die
Angaben in der Übersicht werden automatisch aktualisiert, sobald eine Voreinstellung
geändert wird.
Der Bereich „Übersicht“ enthält folgende Angaben:
• Name: Der Name der Voreinstellung, die im Bereich „Voreinstellungen“ ausgewählt ist.
• Beschreibung: Eine Beschreibung der Voreinstellung, die im Bereich „Voreinstellungen“
ausgewählt ist.
• Suffix: Das Suffix (bzw. die Erweiterung), das der umcodierten Mediendatei zugewiesen
ist. Dies kennzeichnet, in welches Format Ihre Ausgangsmediendatei konvertiert wird.
• Geschätzte Größe: Ist die Voreinstellung einer Ausgangsmediendatei zugewiesen, wird
hier die geschätzte Gesamtgröße der Datei angezeigt. Ist die Voreinstellung keiner
Ausgangsmediendatei zugewiesen, wird hier eine geschätzte Größe pro Stunde der
Ausgangsmediendatei angezeigt.
Hinweis: Die geschätzte Gesamtgröße einer Datei ist nicht für alle Ausgabeformate
verfügbar.
• Audio-Codierer: Angaben zum Format der Audioausgabedatei sowie andere
Einstellungen für die Umcodierung, wie Abtastrate, Kanäle, Bit pro Sample und
Komprimierungsmethode.
Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor 65• Video-Codierer: Angaben zum Format der Videoausgabedatei sowie andere Einstellungen
für die Umcodierung, wie Bildbreite und -höhe, Umfang des Beschnitts (in Pixeln),
Bildrate, Seitenverhältnis, Komprimierungsmethode, Pixeltiefe, Qualität der spationalen
Komprimierung, Mindestqualität der spationalen Komprimierung, Keyframe-Intervall,
Qualität der temporären Komprimierung, Mindestqualität der temporären
Komprimierung und Datenrate (in Bit pro Sekunde).
• Filter: Angaben zu allen oder einigen Compressor-Filtern (je nachdem, wie viele Filter
Sie im Bereich „Filter“ ausgewählt haben) bzw. keine Angabe zu Filtern.
Bereich „Codierer“
Verwenden Sie den Bereich „Codierer“, um die Einstellungen für das Ausgabedateiformat
und andere Einstellungen auszuwählen und zu konfigurieren. Die Optionen und Attribute
für das Dateiformat sind für jedes Format unterschiedlich.
• Dateiformat: Verwenden Sie dieses Einblendmenü, um ein Ausgabedateiformat
auszuwählen. Weitere Informationen zu den möglichen Ausgabeformaten finden Sie
unter Wählen eines Ausgabeformats.
• Feld „Suffix“: Die folgenden Dateisuffixe werden auf der Basis des Formats, das Sie im
Einblendmenü „Dateiformat“ ausgewählt haben, und wenn Video- und Audiospuren
aktiviert sind, in diesem Feld automatisch angezeigt. Ändern Sie den Inhalt dieses Felds
nach Möglichkeit nicht, da sonst unter Umständen Ihre Datei nicht mehr erkannt wird.
• aiff: Steht für das Format „AIFF“.
• ac3: Steht für das Format „Dolby Digital Professional“.
• caf: Steht für Apple CAF-Dateien.
• dv: Steht für das Videoformat „Digital Video“ (DV).
• mpg: Steht für MPEG-1-Multiplexed-Stream (Video und Audio gebündelt).
• m1v: Steht für MPEG-1-Videoelementarstream.
66 Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor• m1a: Steht für MPEG-1-Audioelementarstream.
• m2v: Steht für MPEG-2-Videoelementarstream.
• m2t: Steht für MPEG-2-Transportstream.
• mpeg: Steht für MPEG-2-Programmstream.
• m4v: Steht für das Format „H.264 für Apple-Geräte“.
• mp4: Steht für das Format „MPEG-4“.
• mov: Steht für QuickTime.
• tga: Steht für das Format „TARGA“.
• tiff: Steht für das Format „TIFF“.
• Feld „Auftragssegmentierung erlauben“: Durch Klicken auf dieses Feld können Sie die
Segmentierung von Aufträgen aktivieren bzw. deaktivieren. Dies ist nur relevant, wenn
Sie Compressor mit verteilter Verarbeitung und mit 2-Pass- oder Multi-Pass-Codierung
verwenden. Weitere Informationen hierzu finden Sie unter Auftragssegmentierung und
2-Pass-Codierung oder Multi-Pass-Codierung.
Bereich „Bildsteuerungen“
Dieser Bereich des Fensters „Informationen“ bietet automatische und angepasste
Einstellungen für die erweiterte Bildanalyse bei der Skalierung und beim Retiming.
Das Skalieren der Bildgröße ist erforderlich, wenn eine Umcodierung von einem HD-Format
wie 1080i in ein SD-Format wie DV-NTSC erfolgt. Ein Beispiel für das Retiming (die
Änderung des Zeitverhaltens) ist die Umcodierung zwischen Videoformaten mit
unterschiedlichen Bildraten wie NTSC (29,97 fps) und PAL (25 fps). Weitere Informationen
zum Bereich „Bildsteuerungen“ erhalten Sie unter Bereich „Bildsteuerungen“.
Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor 67Bereich „Filter“
Sie verwenden den Bereich „Filter“, um Ihrer Voreinstellung Filter hinzuzufügen. Hiermit
können Sie eine Gamma-Korrektur durchführen oder störendes Bildrauschen entfernen.
Wählen Sie die Markierungsfelder neben den Filtern aus, die Sie in eine bestimmte
Voreinstellung integrieren möchten. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oder die Pfeile für
den jeweiligen Filter, um die Einstellungen dieses Filters bei Bedarf anzupassen.
Die Filter werden in der Reihenfolge auf die Ausgangsmediendatei angewendet, in der
Sie sie in der Liste „Filter“ angeordnet haben. Sie können die Reihenfolge verändern,
indem Sie Filter in dieser Liste aufwärts oder abwärts bewegen.
Weitere Informationen zum Bereich „Filter“ erhalten Sie unter Bereich „Filter“.
68 Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von CompressorBereich „Geometrie“
Verwenden Sie die Optionen im Bereich „Geometrie“, um die Mediendatei, die komprimiert
werden soll, zu beschneiden und Änderungen an der Größe vorzunehmen sowie um ihr
Seitenverhältnis festzulegen.
Der Bereich „Geometrie“ besteht aus drei Abschnitten:
• Original einsetzen (Beschneiden): Verwenden Sie die vier Felder, um die Anzahl der Pixel
einzugeben, um die die Größe der Ausgangsmediendatei reduziert werden soll.
Alternativ können Sie eine Einstellung aus dem Einblendmenü „Beschneiden auf“
auswählen, damit Compressor die Werte für das Beschneiden basierend auf dem
Videoinhalt der Ausgangsmediendatei festlegt.
• Abmessungen (Codierte Pixel): Verwenden Sie das Einblendmenü „Bildgröße“ bzw. die
zugehörigen Felder, um für die Ausgabedatei eine geeignete Bildgröße und ein
geeignetes Seitenverhältnis festzulegen. Verwenden Sie das Einblendmenü „Pixelformat“,
um die Werte für die Breite und Höhe so einzustellen, dass sie einem bestimmten
Pixelformat entsprechen.
• Ausgabebild anpassen (Padding): Sie verwenden das Einblendmenü „Rand“, um die
Werte für die Breite und Höhe in der Ausgabedatei zu berechnen. Ist die Option
„Anpassen“ aktiviert, können Sie in den Feldern Werte eingeben.
Weitere Informationen zum Bereich „Geometrie“ erhalten Sie unter Hinzufügen von
Geometrieeinstellungen.
Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor 69Bereich „Aktionen“
Im Bereich „Aktionen“ können Sie E-Mail-Benachrichtigungen nach Abschluss der
Umcodierung aktivieren und einen Standardzielort für diese Voreinstellung festlegen.
• Markierungsfeld und Feld „E-Mail-Benachrichtigung an“: Tragen Sie hier die Adresse ein,
an die eine Benachrichtigung per E-Mail geschickt werden soll, wenn die Mediendatei
fertig umcodiert wurde bzw. ein Fehler aufgetreten ist.
• Standardziel: Wählen Sie aus dem Einblendmenü den Zielort aus, den diese
Voreinstellung als Standardspeicherort verwenden soll.
Weitere Informationen zum Bereich „Aktionen“ erhalten Sie unter Hinzufügen von
Aktionen.
Fenster „Verlauf“
Über das Fenster „Verlauf“ erhalten Sie schnellen Zugriff auf zuvor gesendete Stapel und
einige Informationen zu diesen Stapeln. Sie können hier einen Umcodierungsvorgang
anhalten, Stapel erneut senden, indem Sie sie in das Fenster „Stapel“ bewegen, oder
Sendedetails zu bestimmten Stapeln anzeigen. Zudem können Sie das Fenster verwenden,
um nach den Ausgabemediendateien von zuvor gesendeten Stapeln zu suchen.
Das Fenster „Verlauf“ enthält außerdem einen Fortschrittsbalken, mit dessen Hilfe Sie den
Status von bereits gesendeten Stapeln überwachen können.
Das Fenster „Verlauf“ öffnen und schließen
Führen Sie einen der folgenden Schritte aus:
µ Wählen Sie „Fenster“ > „Verlauf“ (oder drücken Sie die Tastenkombination „Befehl-1“).
70 Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressorµ Klicken Sie in der Symbolleiste des Fensters „Stapel“ auf die Taste „Verlauf“.
Hinweis: Das Fenster „Verlauf“ wird automatisch geöffnet, falls es geschlossen ist, wenn
Sie einen Stapel zum Umcodieren senden.
Das Fenster „Verlauf“ enthält Einträge, in denen Informationen zum Stapelnamen sowie
zu Datum und Uhrzeit der ursprünglichen Umcodierung angezeigt werden. Die Einträge
sind nach Datum geordnet, wobei der älteste Eintrag an erster Stelle steht. Wenn Sie
einen Stapel per Drag&Drop in das Fenster „Stapel“ bewegen, um ihn erneut zu senden,
wird dafür ein neuer Stapel ohne Titel erstellt (etwaige vorhandene Stapel bleiben davon
unberührt).
Weitere Informationen zu den Steuerelementen und Voreinstellungen im Fenster „Verlauf“
finden Sie unter Das Fenster „Verlauf“
Fenster „Vorschau“
Das Fenster „Vorschau“ ist in zwei Hälften unterteilt. Links zeigt es die ausgewählte
Ausgangsmediendatei in ihrer Originalform an und rechts eine Vorschau, wie Ihre
Ausgabedatei aussehen wird. Dadurch wird Ihnen ermöglicht, die Originalversion mit der
umcodierten Version zu vergleichen und bei Bedarf Ihre Einstellungen anzupassen. Mithilfe
der Optionen in diesem Fenster können Sie ein Bild beschneiden, Keyframes hinzufügen
und das Seitenverhältnis ändern.
Fenster „Vorschau“ öffnen
Führen Sie einen der folgenden Schritte aus:
µ Wählen Sie „Fenster“ > „Vorschau“ (oder drücken Sie die Tastenkombination „Befehl-2“).
Kapitel 4 Die Benutzeroberfläche von Compressor 71µ Klicken Sie in der Symbolleiste des Fensters „Stapel“ auf die Taste „Vorschau“.